Zeal Polytechnic, Pune

Zeal Education Society’s
ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA
SECOND YEAR (SY)

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHEME: I SEMESTER: IV
NAME OF SUBJECT: MICROCONTROLLER AND APPLICATIONS

SUBJECT CODE: 22426
MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

1. MSBTE SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
2. MSBTE WINTER-19 EXAMINATION
22426
21819
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.
Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

(2) Answer each next main Question on a new page.
(3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever
necessary.
(4) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(5) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
(6) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other Electronic
Communication devices are not permissible in
Examination Hall.
Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10

a) State any four important features of 8051 microcontroller.
b) Find out the number of address lines required to access 4 KB
of RAM.
c) List out any two instructions of following addressing modes:
(i) Immediate addressing
(ii) Register addressing.
d) Draw the format of SCON register.
e) Compare 8951 and 8031 derivatives of 8051 on the basis of:
(i) RAM in bytes
(ii) Timers used.
f) Draw interfacing diagram of 4x4 keyboard matrix with 8051
microcontroller.
g) Define the term BUS related to microprocessor/controller and
list different buses used in microcontroller.
P.T.O.
22426 [2]
Marks
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12
a) Draw the interfacing of stepper motor and write an ALP to
rotate in anticlockwise direction.
b) Describe power down mode and ideal mode of 8051 with
circuit diagram. Which SFR is used to set these modes and
draw the same.
c) State the alternative functions of port 3 of 8051 microcontroller.
d) Sketch interfacing diagram of 2 Kbyte RAM and 2 Kbyte
EPRAM to 8051. Draw the memory map .

a) Draw the format of PSW register of 8051 microcontroller and
explain the function of each bit.
b) Develop an ALP to generate square wave of 2 kHz on port
pin P 2.1 generate delay using timer 0 in mode 1. Assume
crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz.
c) State and explain the need of the following development tools
microcontroller board:
(i) Editor
(ii) Assembler
(iii) Compiler
(iv) Linker
d) List software and hardware interrupts used in 8051 with their
vector addresses and priorities.

a) Develop an 8051 based system for traffic light controlling.
Draw interfacing diagram and write ALP for the same.
b) Compare Von–Neumana and Harvard Architecture (any four points).
c) List different timer modes of 8051 microcontroller and
describe mode 2 with neat sketch.
d) Explain the interfacing diagram of DAC to 8051. Write an
ALP to generate triangular waveform using DAC.
22426 [3]
Marks
e) Develop an ALP to transmit message “MSBTE” serially
at baud rate 4800 8 bit data, 1 stop bit. Assume crystal
frequency of 11.0592 MHz.
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

a) Explain the various selection factors of microcontroller suitable
for application.
b) Develop a program to transfer block of 05 numbers. From
memory location 50 H to 60 H.
c) Sketch 8051 interfacing diagram to interface 4 LED’s and
4 switches. Interface switches to port O and LED to port 1
upper nibble. Develop an ALP to read status of switches and
operate LED’s as per switch status.
6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

a) Develop an ALP to read temperature from LM 35 sensor.
Draw the interfacing diagram with 8051.
b) Develop a program to toggle the LED’s after every 500 m sec
connected to P 1.0 and P 1.1 after receiving the external interrupt
on INTO.
c) Explain the following instructions.
SWAP A
ADD C
MUL AB
CJNE A, add, radd
MOV A, Ro
MOVX A, @ A + DPTR.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER-19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller and applications Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
1
Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may tryto
assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given moreImportance
(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in
thefigure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give
credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed
constantvalues may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and
model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant
answer based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
equivalent concept.
Q. Sub Answers Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
1 (A) Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10- Total

Marks
(a) State any four important features of 8051 microcontroller. 2M
Ans: Features of 8051 microcontroller: (Any Four) Each

correct
1) 8- bit data bus and 8- bit ALU.
feature:
2) 16- bit address bus – can access maximum 64KB of RAM and ROM.
½ Mark
3) On- chip RAM -128 bytes (Data Memory)
4) On- chip ROM – 4 KB (Program Memory)
5) Four 8-bit bidirectional input/output ports Four 8-bit bidirectional input/ output
ports.
6) Programmable serial ports i.e. One UART (serial port)
7) Two 16- bit timers- Timer 0& Timer 1
8) Works on crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz
9) Has power saving and idle mode in microcontroller when no operation is performed.
10) Six interrupts are available: Reset, Two interrupts Timers i.e. Timer 0 and Timer 1, two
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external hardware interrupts- INT0 and INT1, Serial communication interrupt for both
receive and transmit.
(b) Find out the number of address lines required to access 4 KB of RAM 2M
Ans: 12 address lines required to access 4 KB of RAM as Calculati

on:1M
212 = 4KB
Answer:
1M
(c) List out any two instructions of following addressing modes: 2M
(i) Immediate addressing.

Ans: (i) Immediate addressing instructions: Each

1. MOV A, #36H instructi
2. MOV DPTR, #27A2H on ½ M
1. MOV A, R0
2. MOV R7, A
(NOTE: Consider any relevant correct instructions)
(d) Draw the format of SCON register. 2M
Ans: 2M for
format
SM0 SCON.7 Serial port mode specifier Bitwise

explaina
SM1 SCON.6 Serial port mode specifier tion
optional
SM2 SCON.5 Used for multiprocessor communication (Make it 0.)
REN SCON.4 Set/ cleared by software to enable/ disable reception.
TB8 SCON.3 Not widely used.
RB8 SCON.2 Not widely used
TI SCON.1 Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the beginning of the stop Bit in
mode 1. Must be cleared by software.
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RI SCON.0 Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware halfway through the stop bit time
in mode 1. Must be cleared by software.
e) Compare 8951 and 8031 derivatives of 8051 on the basis of : 2M
(i) RAM in bytes

(ii) Timers used.
Ans: Each
Parameter
Parameter 8951 8031
: 1M
RAM in bytes 128 Bytes 128 Bytes
Timers used Two 16bit Timers Two 16bit Timers

f) Draw interfacing diagram of 4×4 keyboard matrix with 8051 microcontroller. 2M
Ans: Diagram
:2M
OR
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g) Define the term BUS related to microprocessor/controller and list different buses used in 2M
microcontroller.
Ans: BUS: A Bus is a set of physical connections used for communication between CPU and Define:1
peripherals. M
Different buses used in microcontroller are: List:1M
1. Address Bus
2. Data Bus
3. Control Bus

No. Q. N. Scheme
2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12- Total

Marks
a) Draw the interfacing of stepper motor and write an ALP to rotate in anticlockwise 4M
direction
Ans: Interfacing diagram of stepper motor with 8051: Diagram

:2M
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Program
:2M
OR
ALP to rotate motor in anticlockwise direction:

PROGRAM:
MOV A, #66H ; load step sequence
BACK: MOV P1, A ; issue sequence to motor
AGAIN: RL A ; rotate left anticlockwise
ACALL DELAY ; wait
SJMP BACK ; keep going
DELAY ; delay subroutine.
MOV R2, #100
H1: MOV R3, #255
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H2: DJNZ R3, H2

DJNZ R2, H1
RET
(NOTE: Any other correct logic used for program should be considered)
b) Describe power down mode and ideal mode of 8051 with circuit diagram . which SFR is 4M
used to set these modes and draw the same.
Ans:
IDLE MODE
In the Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to the Power
Interrupt, Timer and Serial Port functions. down
The CPU status is preserved in its entirety, the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, mode:1
Program M
Status Word, Accumulator, and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The
Idle
port pins hold the logical state they had at the time idle mode was activated. ALE and
Mode:1
PSEN hold at logic high levels.
M
There are two ways to terminate the idle mode.
i) Activation of any enabled interrupt will cause PCON.O to be cleared and idle mode is Identific
terminated. ation of
ii) Hard ware reset: that is signal at RST pin clears IDEAL bit IN PCON register directly. At PCON:1
this time, CPU resumes the program execution from where it left off. M
POWER DOWN MODE PCON

An instruction that sets PCON.1 causes that to be the last instruction executed before Format:
going into the Power Down mode. In the Power Down mode, the on-chip oscillator is 1M
stopped. With the clock frozen, all functions are stopped, but the on-chip RAM and Special
Function Register are maintained held. The port pins output the values held by their
respective SFRS. ALE and PSEN are held low. Termination from power down mode: an exit
from this mode is hardware reset. Reset defines all SFRs but doesn’t change on chip RAM
PCON (Power Control Register) SFR is used to set these modes.
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c) State the alternative functions of port 3 of 8051 microcontroller. 4M
Ans: P3.0 RxD Each pin

P3.1 TxD function
P3.2 :1/2 M
P3.3
P3.4 T0
P3.5 T1
P3.6
P3.7
RXD it is used for serial input port
TXD it is used for serial output port
used for external interrupt 0
used for external interrupt 1
T0 Timer 0 external input
T1 Timer 1 external input
external data memory write strobe
external data memory Read strobe
d) Sketch interfacing diagram of 2 Kbyte RAM and 2Kbyte EPROM to 8051. Draw the memory 4M
map.
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Ans:
Memory Map:
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No. Q. N. Scheme
3 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12- Total

Marks
a) Draw the format of PSW register of 8051 microcontroller and explain the function of each 4M
bit.
Ans: 2M
format,
2M
function
1. CY: Carry flag.

This flag is set whenever there is a carry out from the D7 bit after an 8 bit addition or
subtraction. It can also be set to 1 or 0 directly by instructions such as “SETB C” and CLR C”
where “SETB C” stands for “set bit carry” and “CLR C” for “clear carry”.
2. AC: Auxiliary carry flag
If there is a carry from D3 and D4 during an ADD or SUB operation, this bit is set; it is cleared.
This flag is used by instructions that perform BCD (binary coded decimal) arithmetic.
3. F0: Available to the user for general purposes.
4. RS0, RS1: Register bank selects bits
These two bits are used to select one of the four register banks from internal RAM as shown
in given table. The user can use only one bank of register at one time. By default , bank 0
gets selected.
5. OV: Overflow flag
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This flag is set whenever the result of a signed number operation is too large, causing the
high- order bit to overflow into the sign bit. In general, the carry flag is used to detect errors
in unsigned arithmetic operations. The overflow flag is only used to detect errors in signed
arithmetic operations.
6. P: Parity flag
The parity flag reflects the number of 1s in the A (accumulator) register only. If the A register
contains an odd number of 1s, then P=1. P=0 if A has an even number of 1s.
b) Develop an ALP to generate square wave of 2 kHz on port pin P2.1 generate delay using 4M
timer 0 in mode 1. Assume crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz.
Ans: Calculation: 1M-

Crystal frequency= 11.0592 MHz Calculati
I/P clock = (11.059 X 106)/12= 1000000 = 921.58KHz on, 2M
Tin = 1.085μ sec program
For 2 kHz square wave , 1M
Fout = 2 KHz commen
Tout = 1/ 2X 103 ts
= 0.5msec =500μ sec
So TON = TOFF = 250μ sec
N = TON / Tin = 250/1.085 = 230.41
65535 – 231+1 = (65305)10 = (FF19)16
Program:-
MOV TMOD, # 01H ; Set timer 0 in Mode 1, i.e., 16 bit timer
L2: MOV TL0, # 19H ; Load TL register with LSB of count
MOV TH0, # 0FFH ; load TH register with MSB of count
SETB TR0 ; start timer 0
L1: JNB TF0, L1 ; poll till timer roll over
CLR TR0 ; stop timer 0
CPL P2.1 ; complement port 2.1 line to get high or low
CLR TF0 ; clear timer flag 0
SJMP L2 ; re-load timer with count as mode 1 is not auto reload
c) State and explain the need of the following development tools microcontroller board: 4M
(i) Editor
(ii) Assembler
(iii) Compiler
(iv) Linker
Ans: 1) Editor: An editor is a program which helps you to construct your assembly language 1M each
program in right format so that the assembler will translate it correctly to machine language.
So, you can type your program using editor. This form of your program is called as source
program and extension of program must be .asm or .src depending on which assembler is
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used. The DOS based editor such as EDIT, WordStar, and Norton Editor etc. can be used to
type your program.
2) Assembler: An assembler is programs that translate assembly language program to the
correct binary/hex code for each instruction i.e. machine code and generate the file called as
Object file with extension .obj and list file with extension .lst extension. It is used to find
syntax error in the program.
3) Compiler: Compiler is programs that translate C language program to the correct
binary/hex code for each command i.e. machine code and generate the file called as Object
file with extension .obj and list file with extension .lst extension. It is used to find syntax
error in the program.
4) Linker: A linker is a program, which combines, if requested, more than one separately
assembled object files into one executable program, such as two or more programs and also
generate .abs file and initializes it with special instructions to facilitate its subsequent
loading the execution. Some examples of linker are ASEM-51 BL51, Keil u Vision Debugger,
LX 51 Enhanced Linker etc.
d) List software and hardware interrupts used in 8051 with their vector addresses and 4M
priorities.
Ans: 2M-List,
1M -
Vector ,
1M-
priority

No. Q. N. Scheme
4 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12- Total

Marks
(a) Develop an 8051 based system for traffic light controlling .Draw interfacing diagram and 4M
write ALP for the same.
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Ans: 2M-
DRAW,
2M-
PROGRA
M
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Process:
1. Allow traffic from W to E and E to W.

2. Yellow light ON.
3. Allow traffic from N to S and S to N
4. Yellow light ON.
5. Repeat Process
Program:
NR EQU P1.0
NY EQU P1.1
NG EQU P1.2
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SR EQU P1.3
SY EQU P1.4
SG EQU P1.5
ER EQU P1.6
EY EQU P1.7
EG EQU P3.0
WR EQU P3.1
WY EQU P3.2
WG EQU P3.3
MOV P1,#00H
MOV P3,#00H
AGAIN: SETB NR ;North Red ON
SETB SR ; South Red ON
SETB EG ;East Green ON
SETB WG ; West Green ON
ACALL DELAY
CLR EG ;East Green OFF
CLR WG ;West Green OFF
SETB EY ; East Yellow ON
SETB WY ; West Yellow ON
ACALL Y_DELAY ; Small Delay for Yellow
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CLR EY ; East Yellow OFF
CLR WY ; West Yellow OFF
SETB ER ; East Red ON
SETB WR ;West Red ON
CLR SR ; South Red OFF
CLR NR ; North Red OFF
SETB NG ; North Green ON
SETB SG ; South Green ON
ACALL DELAY
CLR NG ; North Green OFF
CLR SG ; South Green OFF
SETB NY ; North Yellow ON
SETB SY ; South Yellow ON
ACALL Y_DELAY
CLR NY ; North Yellow OFF
CLR SY ; South Yellow OFF
CLR ER ; East Red OFF
CLR WR ; West Red OFF
AJMP AGAIN
DELAY: MOV R0,#0FFH
L:MOV R1,#0FFH
DJNZ R1,$
DJNZ R0,L
RET
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Y_DELAY: MOV R2,#0FFH
DJNZ R2,$
RET
END
(b) Compare Von-Neumana and Harvard Architecture (any four points) 4M
Ans: 1M Each
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(c) List different timer modes of 8051 microcontroller and describe mode 2 with neat sketch. 4M
Ans: 1M- List,
1.5M-
Diagram
, 1.5M-
describe
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To start the mer in mode 2 C T= 0 and TR0=1 and the other input of AND gate is also 1.In
this mode only TLX is used as 8-bit counter. THX is used to hold the value which is loaded in
TLX initially. Every time TLX overflows from FFH to 00H the timer flag is set and the value
from THX is automatically reloaded in TLX register.
(d) Explain the interfacing diagram of DAC to 8051. Write an ALP to generate triangular 4M
waveform using DAC.
Ans: (For any other relevant Program marks can be given) 2M

diagram,
2M
Program
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Program:
ORG 0000H
REPEAT: MOV A, #00H ; Clear A
INCR: MOV P1, A ; Send value to P1
INC A ; increment value
CJNE A, #0FFH, INCR ;Compare with highest value
DECR: MOV P1, A
DEC A ; Decrement value
CJNE A,#00H, DECR ;Compare with lowest value
SJMP REPEAT ; repeat
END
(e) Develop an ALP to transmit message “MSBTE” serially at baud rate 4800 8bit data , 1 stop 4M
bit. Assume crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz .
Ans: Org 0000h 3M

MOV TMOD, #20H ; timer 1, mode2 program
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MOV TH1,#-6 or MOV TH1,#0FAh ; 4800 baud rate , 1M-

MOV SCON, #50H ; 8-bit data,1 stop bit, REN enabled Comme
SETB TR1 ; Start timer 1 nts
AGAIN: MOV A #”M” ; transfer “M”
ACALL MESSAGE
MOV A #”S” ; transfer “S”
ACALL MESSAGE
MOV A #”B” ; transfer “B”
ACALL MESSAGE
MOV A #”T” ; transfer “T”
ACALL MESSAGE
MOV A #”E” ; transfer “E”
ACALL MESSAGE
SJMP AGAIN
MESSAGE: MOV SBUF, A

JNB TI, $
CLR TI
RET
END

No. Q. N. Scheme
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12- Total

Marks
a) Explain the various selection factors of microcontroller suitable for application. 6M
Ans: Any 6
The selection of microcontroller depends upon the type of application. The following factors 1
must be considered while selecting the microcontroller. Mark—
each
factor
1. Word length: The word length of microcontroller is either 8, 16 or 32 bit. As the
word length increases, the cost, power dissipation and speed of the microcontroller
increases.
2. Power dissipation: It depends upon various factors like clock frequency, speed,
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supply voltage, VLSI technology etc. For battery operated embedded systems, we must use
low power microcontrollers.
3. Clock frequency: The speed of an embedded system depends upon the clock
frequency. The clock frequency depends upon the application.
4. Instruction Set: On the basis of instructions microcontrollers are classified into two
categories 1. CISC 2. RISC.
CISC system improves software flexibility. Hence it is used in general purpose systems.
RISC improves speed of the system for the particular applications.
5. Internal resources: The internal resources are ROM, RAM, EEPROM, FLASH
ROM, UART, TIMER, watch dog timer, PWM, ADC, DAC, network interface, wireless
interface etc. It depends upon the application for which microcontroller is going to be used.
6. I/O capabilities: The number of I/O ports, size and characteristics of each I/O port,
speed of operation of the I/O port, serial port or parallel ports. These are the considerations
needed to ascertain.
7.Memory: For mass production of microcontrollers ROM versions and for lesser production
EPROM version or CPU version with external program memory is suitable
b) Develop a program to transfer block of 05 numbers. From memory location 50H to 60H. 6M
Ans: 4
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students M—
Correct
Program
,2 M-
ORG 0000H ; Program from 0000H
commen
CLR PSW.3 ; select bank 0
ts
CLR PSW.4 ;
MOV R3, #05H ; Initialize Byte counter
MOV R0, #50H ; Initialize memory pointer for source array
MOVR1,#60H ; Initialize memory pointer for destination array
; therefore R0  Source pointer
; R1  destination pointer
UP : MOV A, @R0 ; Read number from source array
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MOV @R1, A ; Write number to destination array

INC R0 ; Increment source memory pointer by 1
INC R1 ; Increment destination memory pointer by 1
DJNZ R3, UP ; Decrement byte counter by 1
; Is it zero? No, jump to UP
HERE : SJMP HERE
END ; Stop
c) Sketch 8051 interfacing diagram to interface 4 LED’s and 4 switches. Interface switches to 6M
port 0 and LED to port 1 upper nibble. Develop an ALP to read status of switches and
operate LED’s as per switch status.
Ans: 3M-
correct
interfaci
ng
diagram,
3M-
correct
program
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students
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PROGRAM TO DISPLAY STATUS OF SWITCHES ON LED:
ORG 0000H
MOV P0, #0F0H ; Make P0 as input
START: MOV A, P0 ; Read status of the key
CJNE A, #0F0H, CHECK1 ; Key pressed branch from Port 0
SJMP START ; Jump to start
CHECK1: LCALL DELAY ; Call Key debounce delay
MOV A, P0 ; Read data from port 0
CPL A ; Complement A
MOV P1, A ; Send data to LED
SJMP START ; Jump to start
DELAY: MOV R1,#0FFH ; Delay program

UP: MOV R2, #0FFH;
HERE: DJNZ R2, HERE
DJNZ R1, UP
RET
END

No. Q. N. Scheme
6. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12- Total
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Marks
a) Develop an ALP to read temperature from LM 35 sensor. Draw the interfacing diagram 6M
with 8051
Ans: NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students 3M–
Correct
diagram,
3 M-
Correct
Program
Program:
ORG 0000H
ADDR_A BIT P2.0
ADDR_B BIT P2.1
ADDR_C BIT P2.2
SC BIT P2.3
ALE BIT P2.4
OE BIT P2.5
EOC BIT P2.6
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MY_DATA EQU P1
ORG 0000H
MOV MY_DATA,#0FFH ; make P1 as input
SETB EOC ; make EOC an input
CLR ALE ; clear ALE
CLR SC ; clear SC
CLR OE ;clear OE
CLR ADDR_C ; C=0
CLR ADDR_B ; B=0
CLR ADDR_A ; A=0(select channel 0)
ACALL DELAY
SETB ALE ;latch address
ACALL DELAY
BACK: SETB SC ;start conversion
ACALL DELAY
CLR ALE
CLR SC
HERE: JB EOC,HERE ; wait
HERE1: JNB EOC,HERE1
SETB OE
ACALL DELAY
MOV A, MY_DATA
MOV P1, A
CLR OE
SJMP BACK
DELAY: MOV R3,#25 ;Delay Subroutine

L3: MOV R4,#100
L2: MOV R5,#100
L1: DJNZ R5,L1
DJNZ R4,L2
DJNZ R3,L3
RET
END
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b) Develop a program to toggle the LED’s after every 500m sec connected to P1.0 and P1.1 6M
after receiving the external interrupt on INT0.
Ans: 4 M-
correct
NOTE: Program may change. Please check the logic and understanding of students
program
Solution : ,1 M-
Crystal freq=11.0592MHz delay
Timer frequency=11.0592MHz/12 calculati
Time=12/11.0592MHz=1.085μs on,1M-
For delay of 50 ms, commen
ts
50ms/1.085μs=46082
Therefore, count to be loaded in TH1 and TL1 can be calculated as
65536 - 46082 =19454D=4BFEH
Note: If crystal frequency is taken as 12MHz then count to be loaded in TH1 and TL1
will be 3CB0h.
Program:
ORG 00 H
LJMP MAIN
ORG 0003 H
MOV TMOD, #10H ; Timer1, mode 1
HERE : MOV R0, #0AH ; Counter for 500ms (50*10)delay
BACK : MOV TL1, # B0H ; load count value in TL1
MOV TH1, #3CH ; load count value in TH1
SETB TR1 ; start Timer 1

AGAIN : JNB TF1, AGAIN ; stay until timer rolls over
CLR TR1 ; stop timer
CLR TF1 ; clear timer flag
DJNZ R0, BACK ; if R0 is not equal to 0, reload timer
CPL P1.0 ; Toggle P1.0
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CPL P1.1 ; Toggle P1.1

RETI ; repeat
MAIN : MOV IE, #81H ; Enable the external interrupt 0
SETB P3.2 ; P3.2 as input pin
HERE : SJMP HERE
END
c) Explain the following instructions. 6M
SWAP A
ADD C
MUL AB
CJNE A, add, radd
MOV A, R0
MOVX A, @ A + DPTR.
Ans: SWAP A 1M–

each
Description: This instruction exchanges bits 0-3 of the Accumulator with bits 4-7 of the instructi
Accumulator. This instruction is identical to executing "RR A" or "RL A four times on.
Example: MOV A, #59H ; A= 59H
SWAP A ; A= 95H
ADD C
Description: This instruction is used to perform addition of two eight-bit numbers along with
carry. The result is stored in accumulator which is the default destination.
Example: ADDC A, R0 : Add contents of accumulator, R0 and carry .The result is stored in
accumulator.
MUL AB
Description: the multiplicand and the multiplier must be in A and B registers. After
multiplication if the result is 8 bit it will be in the accumulator and if the result is larger than
8 bit ,lower byte of result will be in accumulator and higher byte will be in register B.
Example :MOV A,#10H
MOV B,#02 H
MUL AB
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28
After execution A=20H,B=0 H
CJNE A, add, radd
Description: Compare the contents of the accumulator with the 8 bit data in memory
address mentioned in the instruction and if they are not equal then jump to the relative
address mentioned in the instruction.
Example: CJNE A, 04H, UP: Compare the contents of the accumulator with the contents of
04H memory and if they are not equal then jump to the line of instruction where UP label is
mention
MOV A,R0
Description: this instruction copies the contents of source register R0 into accumulator. The
register R0 remains unaffected.
Example: Before Execution A=43 H, R0=32 H
After execution A=32 H, R0-32H
MOVX A, @ A + DPTR. (Consider it as MOVC A,@A+DPTR)
Description: Copy the contents of code memory pointed by the sum of Accumulator and
DPTR to the Accumulator
MOVC is a move instruction, which moves data from the code memory space. The
address operand in this example is formed by adding the content of the DPTR register to
the accumulator value. Here the DPTR value is referred to as the base address and the
accumulator value is referred to as the index address.
( NOTE : If student has attempted to solve considering as above or attempted to solve as

given in question paper, give appropriate marks)
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29
Page 29
22426
11920
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.
Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever
necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
(5) Use of Non-programmable Electronic Pocket
Calculator is permissible.
(6) Mobile Phone, Pager and any other Electronic
Communication devices are not permissible in
Examination Hall.
Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10

a) Compare address bus and data bus used in 8051.
b) Calculate the number of address lines required to access
16 Kb ROM.
c) State features of ADC 0808.
d) List specifications of 8051 microcontroller.
e) List any two instructions which makes accumulator zero
individually.
f) Compare Data memory and program memory.
g) List SFR in 8051. (any four)
P.T.O.
22426 [2]
Marks
a) Compare any three derivatives of 8051 microcontroller on
the basis of RAM, ROM, Timer and Interrupts.
b) Draw and explain the interfacing of DAC to 8051.
c) Describe 8051 microcontroller as boolean processor.
d) Explain function of following pins of 8051
(i) pin no 31
(ii) pin 29
(iii) pin 21-28
3. Attempt any THREE of the following. 12

a) Develope Assembly Language program (ALP) to find the
largest number in a block of 10 numbers stored at location
40 H onwards in internal RAM.
b) Sketch the internal memory organization in 8051
c) Explain processes of interrupt enabling and disabling in 8051.
d) Explain following instructions of 8051.
(i) ADDC
(ii) L CALL
4. Attempt any THREE of the following. 12

a) Draw the format of TCON register of 8051 and describe the
function of each bit of it.
b) Describe serial communication in 8051. Explain the use of
SCON register.
c) Draw interfacing of 16 × 2 LCD with 8051 and state the
function of EN and RS pin of LCD.
d) Explain the use of following assembler directives.
i) EQU
ii) ORG
e) State the alternate pin functions of port 3 of 8051.
22426 [3]
Marks
5. Attempt any TWO of the following. 12
a) Explain with sketch the interfacing of 4 × 4 matrix keypad
with 8051 microcontroller.
b) Differentiate between
(i) Harvard and Von-neuman architecture
(ii) Microprocessor and Microcontroller
c) Develop an ALP to generate square wave of 3 KHz using 8051
microcontroller on port pin P2.3. (Assume Xtal freqn = 12 MHz)
6. Attempt any TWO of the following. 12

a) Draw interfacing of stepper motor with 8051 and write an
ALP to rotate it in clockwise direction.
b) Describe with sketches the procedure to troubleshoot the
traffic light controller.
c) Draw and explain Internal Port structure of Port 0 and
Port 1 of 8051 microcontroller.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 19EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Microcontroller & Application Model Answer Subject Code: 22426
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may tryto assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given moreImportance (Not applicable
for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in thefigure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constantvalues may vary
and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10M
a) Compare address bus and data bus used in 8051. 2M

Ans: Sr. No. Address Bus Data Bus 1M each
A bus that is used to (Any 2
A bus that is used to transmit data points)
1 specify a physical address
among components
in memory
2 Unidirectional Bidirectional
Helps to transfer memory
3 Helps to send and receive data
address of data and I/O
4 16 bit address bus in 8051 8 bit data bus in 8051
b) Calculate the number of address lines required to access 16 kB ROM. 2M
Ans: 14 address lines required to access 16 KB of ROM as 2M
2 14 = 16KB
c) State features of ADC 0808. 2M
Ans: 1.Easy to interface with all Microprocessors or works Stand alone. 1M each
2.Eight channel 8-bit ADC module. ( Any 2
3.Can measure up to 8 Analog values. points)
4.On chip Clock not available, external Oscillator is needed (Clock).
5.Digital output various from 0 to 255, operating power is 15mW, conversion time
100us.
d) List specifications of 8051 microcontroller. 2M
Ans: 1) 8- bit data bus and 8- bit ALU. 1M each

2) 16- bit address bus – can access maximum 64KB of RAM and ROM. ( Any 2
3) On- chip RAM -128 bytes (Data Memory) points)
4) On- chip ROM – 4 KB (Program Memory)
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5) Four 8-bit bidirectional input/output ports Four 8-bit bidirectional input/ output
ports.
6) Programmable serial ports i.e. One UART (serial port)
7) Two 16- bit timers- Timer 0& Timer 1
8) Works on crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz
9) Has power down and idle mode in microcontroller when no operation is performed.
10) Six interrupts are available.
e) List any two instructions which makes accumulator zero individually. 2M
Ans: MOV A,#00H 1M each

CLR A
f) Compare data memory and program memory. 2M
Ans: Sr.No. Program Memory Data Memory 1M each
It is used for storing

It is used for storing temporary
the hexadecimal codes of the
1 variable data and intermediate
program to be executed i.e.
results.
instructions.
Program Memory of 8051 is Data Memory of 8051 is 128
2
4kB bytes
g) List SFR in 8051. (any four) 2M
Ans: • ACC and B registers – 8 bit each ½M
• DPTR : [DPH:DPL] – 16 bit combined each
• PC : Program Counter – 16 bits
• Stack pointer SP – 8 bit
• PSW : Program Status Word
• Port Latches
• Serial data buffer, serial control
• Timer Registers (TCON,TMOD,TL0/1,TH0/1)
• Power control
• Interrupt Enable, Interrupt Priority
12-
Q.2 Attempt any THREE of the following: Total
Marks
Compare any three derivatives of 8051 microcontroller on the basis of RAM,ROM,Timer
a) 4M
and Interrupts.
Ans: 1M
89v51 RD2
Features 8051 8052 89c52 8031 8751 each
(Any
RAM 128 256 256 128 128 1k 4
4K 8K 8K 4K (UV- 664KB Points
ROM 0
(mask (EPROM) (Flash) EPROM) (FLASH)(Fla )
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ROM) sh)
TIMER 2 3 3 2 2 3
INTERRUPTS 6 8 8 6 6 8
b) Draw and explain the interfacing of DAC to 8051. 4M
Ans: Diagram: 2M
 Microcontroller generates output which is in digital form but many controlling system 2M
requires analog signal as they don't accept digital data thus making it necessary to use Expla-
DAC which converts digital data into equivalent analog voltage. nation
 In the figure shown, we use 8-bit DAC 0808. This IC converts 8 bit digital data into
equivalent analog current. Hence we require an I to V converter to convert this current
into equivalent voltage.
c) Describe 8051 microcontroller as boolean processor. 4M
Ans:  8051 processor is a CPU that can perform some operation on a data and gives the output. 4M
 The 8051 processor contains a complete Boolean processor for single-bit operations.
 The internal RAM contains 128 addressable bits, and the SFR space supports up to 128
other addressable bits.
 All port lines are bit-addressable, and each can be treated as a separate single-bit port.
 The instructions that access these bits are not only conditional branches but also a
complete set of move, set, clear, complement, OR, and AND instructions.
 The 8051 instruction set is optimized for the one bit operations. The Boolean processor
provides direct support for bit manipulation and testing of individual bit allows the use of
single bit variable to perform logical operations therefore 8051 can be used to solve
Boolean expression. Bits may be set or cleared in a single instruction.
 Eg: CLR C means clear the carry bit
SETB 20h means set the memory bit with bit address 20h.
d) Explain function of following pins of 8051
(i) Pin 31
4M
(ii) Pin 29
(iii) Pin 21-28
Ans: i) Pin 31-EA : It is and active low I/P to 8051 microcontroller. When (EA)= 0, then 1M- EA
8051 microcontroller access from external program memory (ROM) only. When (EA) = 1,
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then it access internal and external program memories (ROMS). 1M-
ii) Pin 29- PSEN : This is an output pin. PSEN stands for “program store enable.” It is active PSEN
low O/P signal. It is used to enable external program memory (ROM). When [PSEN(bar)]=
2M-Pin
0, then external program memory becomes enabled and micro controller read content of
21-28
external memory location. Therefore it is connected to (OE) of external ROM.
iii) Pin 21-28: A8 – A15 : These pins are known as Port 2. It serves as I/O port. Each pin is 1M
bidirectional Input /Output with internal pull – up resistors. Besides the Input /Output, when Port 2
external memory is interfaced, PORT 2 pins act as the higher-order address bus. (A8-A15) & 1M
A8 -
A15
12-
Q.3 Attempt any THREE of the following: Total
Marks
Develop Assembly Language program (ALP) to find the largest number in a block of 10
a) 4M
numbers stored at location 40H onwards in internal RAM.
Ans: (NOTE: Marks to be given for any other correct logic used by students.) 4M
ORG 0000H for
MOV R1, #0AH ; Initialize Byte Counter correc
MOV R0, #40H ; Initialize source pointer R0 to 40H
t
DEC R1 ; decrement counter by one
MOV 60H, @R0 ;Read First Byte progr
UP: INC R0 ; Increment the contents of R0 am
MOV A, @R0 ; Read second number
CJNE A, 60H, DN ;compare the first two numbers, if not equal go to DN
AJMP LARGE ;else go to LARGE
DN: JC LARGE ;check carry
MOV 60H, A ;Store largest number to 60H
LARGE: DJNZ R1, UP ;decrement the counter by one, if count ≠ 0, then go to UP
END
Largest No. is saved in memory 60H. Assume any location to store the result.
OR
MOV R1, #0AH ; initialize the counter
MOV R0, #40H ; initialize the memory pointer
DEC R1 ; decrement counter by one
MOV A,@R0 ; load number in accumulator
MOV B, A ; move that number to register B
UP: INC R0 ; increment the memory pointer
MOV A,@R0 ; read the next number in A
CJNE A, B, DOWN ; compare the first two numbers, if not equal go to DOWN
AJMP NEXT ; else go to NEXT
DOWN: JC NEXT ; if number in A is greater then go to NEXT
MOV B, A ; else move the number in register B
NEXT: DJNZ R1, UP ; decrement the counter by one, if count ≠ 0, then go to UP
INC R0 ; increment the memory pointer
MOV A,B
MOV 50H, A ; store result at memory location 50H(Assume any location)
HERE: SJMP HERE
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b) Sketch the internal memory organization in 8051. 4M
Ans: Daigram: 4M
for
neat
Sketc
h with
label
c) Explain processes of interrupt enabling and disabling in 8051. 4M

Ans: Interrupts are the events that temporarily suspend the main program, pass the control to the 2M
external sources and execute their task. It then passes the control to the main program where it forma
had left off.8051 has 5 interrupt signals, i.e. INT0, TF0, INT1, TF1, RI/TI. Each interrupt can t
be enabled or disabled by setting bits of the IE register and the whole interrupt system can be
disabled by clearing the EA bit of the same register.
IE (Interrupt Enable) Register:
This register is responsible for enabling and disabling the interrupt. EA bit is set to 1 for
enabling interrupts and set to 0 for disabling the interrupts. Its bit sequence and their meanings
are shown in the following figure.
EA _ _ ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
2M
functi
on of
each
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bit
Explain following instructions of 8051.

d) (i) ADDC 4M
(ii) L CALL
Ans: (i) ADDC: The ADDC instruction adds a byte value and the value of the carry flag to 2M
the accumulator. The results of the addition are stored back in the accumulator. each
Several of the flag registers are affected. instru
ADDC
ction
Function: Add with Carry
Syntax: ADDC A, source byte
Flags affected: OV,AC,CY
Description: ADDC simultaneously adds the byte variable indicated, the carry flag and the
Accumulator contents, leaving the result in the Accumulator (A = A + byte +CY). The carry and
auxiliary-carry or bit flags are set, respectively. If CY = 1 prior to this instruction, CY is also
added to A.
Addressing modes supported for ADDC instruction :
 Immediate: ADDC A,#data
 Register: ADDC A, Rn
 Direct: ADDC A, address
 Register Indirect: ADDC A, @Ri
(ii) LCALL
Function: Long call, Transfers control to a subroutine
Syntax: LCALL 16 bit addr
Flags affected : None
No. of bytes used: 3 byte( 1 byte is opcode and other two bytes are the 16 bit address of the
target subroutine)
Description: This instruction is used to transfers control to a subroutine To reach the target
address in the 64 Kbytes maximum ROM space of the 8051, LCALL instruction is used. For
calling a subroutine, the PC register (which has the address of the instruction after the LCALL)
is pushed onto the stack, and the stack pointer (SP) is incremented by 2. Then the program
counter is loaded with the new address and control is transferred to the subroutine.
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Q.4 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12
Marks
a) Draw the format of TCON register of 8051 and describe the function of each bit of it. 4M
Ans: TCON: TIMER/COUNTER CONTROL REGISTER.BIT ADDRESSABLE 2M
forma
TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 t
TF1 TCON. 7 Timer 1 overflows flag. Set by hardware when the Timer/Counter 1
Overflows. Cleared by hardware as processor vectors to the interrupt
Service routine. 2M
TR1 TCON. 6 Timer 1 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter1 Functi
ON/OFF.
on of
TF0 TCON. 5 Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware when the Timer/Counter 0
Overflows. Cleared by hardware as processor vectors to the service routine. each
TR0 TCON. 4 Timer 0 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 bit
ON/OFF.
IE1 TCON. 3 External Interrupt 1 edge flag. Set by hardware when External Interrupt edge is
detected. Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed.
IT1 TCON. 2 Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify
falling edge/low level triggered External Interrupt.
IE0 TCON. 1 External Interrupt 0 edge flag. Set by hardware when External
Interrupt edge detected. Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed.
IT0 TCON. 0 Interrupt 0 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to
Specify falling edge/low level triggered External Interrupt
b) Describe serial communication in 8051. Explain the use of SCON register. 4M
Ans: 8051 micro controller communicate with another peripheral device through RXD and TXD pin 2M
of port3.controller have four mode of serial communication. mode
1. Serial Data Mode-0 (Baud Rate Fixed) descri
In this mode, the serial port works like a shift register and the data transmission works ption
synchronously with a clock frequency of fosc /12. Serial data is received and transmitted through in
RXD. 8 bits are transmitted/ received at a time. Pin TXD outputs the shift clock pulses of
short
frequency fosc /12, which is connected to the external circuitry for synchronization. The shift
frequency or baud rate is always 1/12 of the oscillator frequency. (½
2. Serial Data Mode-1 (standard UART mode)(baud rate is variable)
mark
In mode-1, the serial port functions as a standard Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
for
(UART) mode. 10 bits are transmitted through TXD or received through RXD. The 10 bits
each
consist of one start bit (which is usually '0'), 8 data bits (LSB is sent first/received first), and a
mode)
stop bit (which is usually '1'). Once received, the stop bit goes into RB8 in the special function
register SCON. The baud rate is variable &
3. Serial Data Mode-2 Multiprocessor (baud rate is fixed) 2M
In this mode 11 bits are transmitted through TXD or received through RXD. The various bits are forma
as follows: a start bit (usually '0'), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9 th (TB8 or RB8)bit t with
and a stop bit (usually '1'). While transmitting, the 9 th data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned functi
the value '0' or '1'. For example, if the information of parity is to be transmitted, the parity bit (P) on
in PSW could be moved into TB8.On reception of the data, the 9 th bit goes into RB8 in 'SCON',
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while the stop bit is ignored. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/32 or 1/64 of the
oscillator frequency.
f baud = (2 SMOD /64) fosc
4. Serial Data Mode-3 - Multi processor mode(Variable baud rate)
In this mode 11 bits are transmitted through TXD or received through RXD.The various bits are:
a start bit (usually '0'), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9 th bit and a stop bit (usually '1').
Mode-3 is same as mode-2, except the fact that the baud rate in mode-3 is variable (i.e., just as in
mode-1).
f baud = (2SMOD /32) * ( fosc/ 12 (256-TH1))
SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI
SM0 SCON.7 Serial port mode specifier

SM1 SCON.6 Serial port mode specifier.
SM0 SM1
0 0 Serial Mode 0
0 1 Serial Mode 1, 8-bit data, 1 stop bit, 1 start bit
1 0 Serial Mode 2
1 1 Serial Mode 3
SM2 SCON.5 Used for multiprocessor communication
REN SCON.4 Set/ cleared by software to enable/ disable reception.
TB8 SCON.3 – the 9th bit that will be transmitted in mode 2/3 set/clear by software.
RB8 SCON.2– in mode 2/3 it is the 9th bit that was received .
TI SCON.1 Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the beginning of the
stop Bit in mode 1.
RI SCON.0 Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware halfway through the
stop bit time in mode 1.
c) Draw interfacing of 16 × 2 LCD with 8051 and state the function of EN and RS of LCD 4M
Ans: Diagram: 2M
for
diagra
m
2Mar
ks for
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functi
on of
two
pins(
1Mar
k each
pin
functi
on)
RS: RS is the register select pin. We need to set it to 1, if we are sending some data to be
displayed on LCD. And we will set it to 0 if we are sending some command instructions during
the initializing sequence like clear the screen etc.
EN: The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When
data is supplied to the data pins, a high-to-low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the
LCD to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450ns wide.
d) Explain the use of following assembler directives.
(i) EQU 4M
(ii) ORG
Ans: 2
(i) EQU: Equate Marks
It is used to define constant without occupying a memory location. for
each
Syntax: Label EQU Numeric value
directi
By means of this directive, a numeric value is replaced by a symbol. ve
For e.g. MAXIMUM EQU 99 After this directive every appearance of the label MAXIMUM in
the program, the assembler will interpret as number 99
(MAXIMUM=99).
(ii) ORG:-ORG stands for Origin

Syntax: ORG Address
The ORG directive is used to indicate the beginning of the address.The origin directive tells the
assembler where to load instructions and data into memory. It changes the program counter to
the value specified by the expression in the operand field. The number thatcomes after ORG can
be either in hex or in decimal. If the number is notfollowed by H, it is decimal and the assembler
will convert it to hex.
e) State the alternate pin functions of port 3 of 8051. 4M
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Ans: 4
Marks
Pin Name Alternate Function
for 8
P3.0 RXD Serial input line pins(
½
P3.1 TXD Serial output line mark
for
P3.2 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ External interrupt 0 each
pin
P3.3 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ External interrupt 1
functi
P3.4 T0 Timer0 external input on)
P3.5 T1 Timer1 external input
P3.6 ̅̅̅̅̅ External data memory

write strobe
P3.7 ̅̅̅̅̅ External data memory
read strobe
Q.5 Attempt any TWO of the following 12

Total
Marks
(a) Explain with sketch the interfacing of 4 ×4 matrix keypad with 8051 microcontroller. 6M
Ans: sketch
-3M
Expla
Interfacing keypad nation
Fig. shows how to interface the 4 X 4 matrix keypad to two ports in microcontroller. The rows – 3M
are connected to an output port and the columns are connected to an input port.
To detect a pressed key, the microcontroller grounds all rows by providing 0 to the output
latch, and then it reads the columns. If the data read from the columns is D3-D0=1111, no key
has been pressed and the process continues until a key press is detected. However, if one of the
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column bits has a zero, this means that a key press has occurred. For example, if D3-D0=1101,
this means that a key in the D1 column has been pressed.
After a key press is detected, the microcontroller will go through the process of identifying the
key. Starting with the top row, the microcontroller grounds it by providing a low to row D0
only; then it reads the columns.
If the data read is all 1s, no key in that row is activated and the process is moved to the next row.
It grounds the next row, reads the columns, and checks for any zero. This process continues until
the row is identified. After identification of the row in which the key has been pressed, the next
task is to find out which column the pressed key belongs to.
Differentiate between
(b) (i) Harvard and Von-neuman architecture 6M
(ii) Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Ans: Von
i) Harvard Architecture and Von-neuman architecture Nuem
ann
Harva
rd 3
M
(any
three
points
)
ii) Microprocessor and Microcontroller

Micro
proces
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sor ,
Micro
contro
ller –
3M
(any
three
points
)
Develop an ALP to generate square wave of 3 KHz using 8051 microcontroller on port pin
(c) 6M
P2.3 (Assume Xtalfreqn=12 MHz)
Ans: Crystal frequency= 12 MHz

Count
I/P clock = (12*10^6 )/12= 1 MHz
calcul
Tin = 1μ sec
ation
For 3 kHz square wave
– 2M,
Fout = 3 KHz Tout = 1/ (3X 103) = 0.3msec =333 μ sec
Corre
So TON = TOFF = 333/2 = 166.5 μ sec
ct
N = TON / Tin = 166.5 μ sec /1 μ sec = 166.5 167
progr
65535 – 167+1 = (65369)10 = (FB71)16
am –
Program:-
4M
MOV TMOD, # 01H ; Set timer 0 in Mode 1, i.e., 16 bit timer
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L2: MOV TL0, # 71 H ; Load TL register with LSB of count
MOV TH0, # 0FB H ; load TH register with MSB of count
SETB TR0 ; start timer 0
L1: JNB TF0, L1 ; poll till timer roll over
CLR TR0 ; stop timer 0
CPL P2.3 ; complement port 2.3 line to get high or low
CLR TF0 ; clear timer flag 0
SJMP L2 ; re-load timer with count as mode 1 is not auto reload
12Tot
Q.6 Attempt any TWO of the following: al
Marks
Draw interfacing of stepper motor with 8051 and write an ALP to rotate it in clockwise
(a) 6M
direction.
Ans: Diagram: 3M
Progr
am-
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3M
( Other programs with similar logic can be given marks)
(b) Describe with sketches the procedure to troubleshoot the traffic light controller. 6M
Ans: Considerations of Traffic Signal Any

1) Traffic light may have sensors integrated to provide real time traffic information other
2) Based on the traffic information provided by the sensor, the duration of the green/Red correc
LED light for each direction may vary so that the traffic for both the directions are t
roughly balanced. Time left for the green light should be displayed troubl
3) When the traffic light for one signal is green, then the traffic for the other directions e
should be red (with duration displayed in red) shooti
4) The red light will be switched to yellow when the timer value is 5 sec before switching ng
to red. proce
dure
may
be
given
marks
5) Violations happen when user expectancy is not met. A user like pedestrian does not
expect to stand for more than a minute or two at a signal, when this user expectancy is
not met, the pedestrian tries to venture out and violate the signal
6) The smooth movement of conflicting vehicles is determined by the availability of gaps
in traffic. This is true for both pedestrians and vehicular traffic. Understanding of gaps is
important for justifying the type of traffic control device, including a traffic signal.
Points to consider for determining signal timings
1) The signal operational parameters are reviewed and updated (if needed) on a regular
basis to maximize the ability of the traffic control signal to satisfy current traffic
demands
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2) Geometry of the intersection is the next step in the signal timing process. Determining
the lane use (which traffic mode), dedicated vs. shared lane, type of roads interacting
(arterial with arterial etc.), type of road infrastructure (ramps, one way streets, etc.) will
impact the timing.
3) Basic signal timing parameters comes next. Pedestrian walk times, flashing don’t walk,
yellow time, all red clearance interval, detector gap times all need to calculated or
established.
4) Identify bottlenecks, review conditions, conduct warrant analysis and use engineering
judgment in determining traffic signal installation
5) Determine AM and PM peak hour traffic volumes.
6) Condition diagram which includes roadway geometrics, parking, driveways, sidewalks,
signing, pavement markings, development of intersection quadrants, and any other
features pertinent to the study peak hour delay study
7) A conflict analysis
8) Capacity analysis of the intersection for current and future years using growth
(c) Draw and explain Internal port structure of Port 0 and Port 1 of 8051 microcontroller. 6M
Page 15/ 17
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ans:
Port-0 can be configured as a normal bidirectional I/O port or it can be used for address/data
Port 0
interfacing for accessing external memory. When control is '1', the port is used for address/data
– 3M
interfacing. When the control is '0', the port can be used as a normal bidirectional I/O port.
Port 1
Let us assume that control is '0'. When the port is used as an input port, '1' is written to the latch. – 3M
In this situation both the output MOSFETs are 'off'. Hence the output pin floats. This high
impedance pin can be pulled up or low by an external source. When the port is used as an output
port, a '1' written to the latch again turns 'off' both the output MOSFETs and causes the output
pin to float. An external pull-up is required to output a '1'. But when '0' is written to the latch, the
pin is pulled down by the lower MOSFET. Hence the output becomes zero.
When the control is '1', address/data bus controls the output driver MOSFETs. If the
address/data bus (internal) is '0', the upper MOSFET is 'off' and the lower MOSFET is 'on'. The
output becomes '0'. If the address/data bus is '1', the upper transistor is 'on' and the lower
transistor is 'off'. Hence the output is '1'. Hence for normal address/data interfacing (for external
memory access) no pull-up resistors are required.
Port-0 latch is written to with 1's when used for external memory access.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Port-1 does not have any alternate function i.e. it is dedicated solely for I/O interfacing. When
used as output port, the pin is pulled up or down through internal pull-up. To use port-1 as input
port, '1' has to be written to the latch. In this input mode when '1' is written to the pin by the
external device then it read fine. But when '0' is written to the pin by the external device then the
external source must sink current due to internal pull-up. If the external device is not able to sink
the current the pin voltage may rise, leading to a possible wrong reading.
Page 17/ 17

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Zeal Education Society’s

ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

SECOND YEAR (SY)

NAME OF SUBJECT: MICROCONTROLLER AND APPLICATIONS

MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

Instructions – (1) All Questions are Compulsory.

1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

Important Instructions to examiners:

Q. Sub Answers Marking

1 (A) Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10- Total

(a) State any four important features of 8051 microcontroller. 2M

Ans: Features of 8051 microcontroller: (Any Four) Each

Ans: 12 address lines required to access 4 KB of RAM as Calculati

(c) List out any two instructions of following addressing modes: 2M

(i) Immediate addressing.

Ans: (i) Immediate addressing instructions: Each

(NOTE: Consider any relevant correct instructions)

(d) Draw the format of SCON register. 2M

SM0 SCON.7 Serial port mode specifier Bitwise

REN SCON.4 Set/ cleared by software to enable/ disable reception.

TB8 SCON.3 Not widely used.

RB8 SCON.2 Not widely used

e) Compare 8951 and 8031 derivatives of 8051 on the basis of : 2M

(i) RAM in bytes

Timers used Two 16bit Timers Two 16bit Timers

Different buses used in microcontroller are: List:1M

Q. Sub Answers Marking

2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12- Total

Ans: Interfacing diagram of stepper motor with 8051: Diagram

ALP to rotate motor in anticlockwise direction:

H2: DJNZ R3, H2

POWER DOWN MODE PCON

PCON (Power Control Register) SFR is used to set these modes.

c) State the alternative functions of port 3 of 8051 microcontroller. 4M

Ans: P3.0 RxD Each pin

Q. Sub Answers Marking

3 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12- Total

1. CY: Carry flag.

5. OV: Overflow flag

Ans: Calculation: 1M-

Q. Sub Answers Marking

4 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12- Total

1. Allow traffic from W to E and E to W.

AGAIN: SETB NR ;North Red ON

SETB SR ; South Red ON

SETB EG ;East Green ON

SETB WG ; West Green ON

CLR EG ;East Green OFF

CLR WG ;West Green OFF

SETB EY ; East Yellow ON

SETB WY ; West Yellow ON

ACALL Y_DELAY ; Small Delay for Yellow

CLR EY ; East Yellow OFF

CLR WY ; West Yellow OFF

SETB ER ; East Red ON