Phy Ip Project

CERTIFICATE
1. AIM OF THE PROJECT
2. APPLICATIONS
3. INTRODUCTION
4. APPLICATIONS OF BIOT SAVART LAW
5.1 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT

CONDUCTOR
5.2 MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE AXIS OF A CIRCULAR
COIL
5.3 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A SOLENOID
5. IMPORTANCE
6. CONCLUSION
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that D. Vihith , student of Class XII, Kendriya

Vidyalaya Thakkolam has completed the project titled “To study
and analyze the Force of Attraction between a Bar magnet and a
Solenoid”, during the academic year 2023-2024 towards partial
fulfillment of credit for the Physics practical evaluation of
CBSE, and submitted satisfactory report, as compiled in the
following pages, under my supervision.
Physics teacher : External examiner :
Principal :
INTRODUCTION
Biot Savart’s law, introduced first in 1802, is a simple

mathematical formula which is used to describe the relationship
between force, displacement, and velocity.
Biot Savart’s Law is the fundamental of magnetostatics.

Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the field of
electromagnetism. The law describes the equation between the
magnetic field produced due to the flow of a constant electric
current. The law is useful for knowing the magnetic field’s
direction, length, and magnitude, and the proximity of the
electric current. It can also be seen as a real-time example of a
line integral.
Whenever magneto statics do not apply, then this law must be

changed by the equation of Jefimenko’s. This law is applicable
in the magnetostatic estimate, and is reliable by both Gauss’s
(magnetism) and Ampere’s (circuital) law. The two physicists
from French namely “Jean Baptiste Biot” & “Felix Savart”
implemented an exact expression intended for magnetic flux
density at a position close to a current carrying conductor.
OBJECTIVE :
To study the Biot – Savart Law and it’s
applications to the Current Carrying Loop.
APPLICATIONS :
• Magnetic Field due to a Straight Conductor
• Magnetic Field at the axis of a Circular Cool
• Magnetic Field due to a Solenoid
BIOT – SAVART LAW AND
CURRENT LOOP :
• What is Biot-Savart Law?

Biot Savart’s Law helps to calculate the resultant magnetic field
B at position r in the three-dimensional space. The magnetic
field is generated due to a flexible wire, which carries current.
The steady current in the wire is the continual flow of charge,
which does not change with time. Also, the charge neither
depletes nor accumulates at any point. The equation of the Biot
Savart law is given as,
where:
 l represents the vector along which the path C and the
magnitude of this vector is the length of the differential of
the wire’s element in the direction of conventional current;
 ‘l’ represents the point on path C. r’ represents the
displacement vector from the element of the wire (dl) at
point l to the point at which the field is needed to be
computed (r), and it is the difference between r and l;
 And 𝜇0 is the magnetic constant.

This equation can also be written in the form :
• Usually, around a close curve, the integral is found. The reason

for this is that the stationary electric current can only travel
across a closed path when they are bounded.
APPLICATION OF BIOT - SAVART LAW :-
• Biot – Savart Law Derivation :

The Biot Savart law formula can be given as :
Where, k is constant, depending upon the magnetic properties of

the medium and system of the units employed. In the SI system
of the unit,
The final Biot-Savart law derivation is expressed as,

Consider a long wire carrying current I and at a point p in space.
Also, consider an infinitely small length of the wire dl at a
distance r from the point P as shown in the diagram. Here, r is
the distance vector, which makes the angle θ with the direction
of the current in the minute portion of the wire.
 The magnetic field density at point P due to the minute

length dl of the wire is proportional to the current carried
by this portion of the wire. As the current through the
minute length of the wire is similar to the current carried by
the whole wire itself, we can express it as:
dB ∝ I
 The magnetic field density at point P due to the minute
length dl of wire is inversely proportional to the square of
the straight distance from Point P to the center of dl.
Mathematically it can be expressed as:
dB ∝ 1/r²
 Also, the magnetic field density at the point P due to the
minute portion of the wire is proportional to the actual
length of the minute length dl of wire. Θ is the angle
between distance vector r and direction of current through
this minute portion of the wire, the component dl of the
wire facing perpendicular to the point P is dl sinθ.
Hence, dB ∝ dl sinθ
 Now, merging these three statements, we can write ;
Now, introducing the value of constant k (which we have

already mentioned at the starting of this derivation) in the above
formula, we get,
Here, μ0 is the absolute permeability of air or vacuum used in
the expression of constant k, and its value is 4π 10-7 Wb / A-m in
the SI system of units. μr in the expression of constant k is the
relative permeability of the medium.
• MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A SOLENOID :
IMPORTANCE OF BIOT – SAVART LAW :
Following are the importance of the Biot-Savart law:
• Calculating Magnetic Field: Biot-Savart Law is fundamental

in calculating the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying
wire at any point in space. It provides a precise mathematical
expression to determine the magnetic field strength and
direction.
• Wire Configurations: It is essential for analyzing more

complex current configurations, such as loops or coils. The law
allows engineers and physicists to calculate magnetic fields for
various geometries, aiding in the design and understanding of
electrical devices like transformers and inductors.
• Foundational for Ampere’s Law: Biot-Savart Law serves as a

foundation for Ampere’s Law, a more general principle relating
magnetic fields to current distribution. Understanding Biot-
Savart Law is crucial for grasping the broader concepts in
electromagnetism.
• Applications in Physics and Engineering: The law is widely
applied in practical scenarios, from designing magnetic sensors
to determining the magnetic field around conductors. Engineers
and scientists use Biot-Savart Law to solve problems in
electromagnetism and create devices like magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) machines.
• Insight into Magnetic Interactions: By using Biot-Savart

Law, one can gain insights into how currents interact
magnetically, providing a deeper understanding of
electromagnetic phenomena. This knowledge is vital for
advancing technologies in fields like telecommunications, power
generation, and materials science.
CONCLUSION :
Biot Savart’s Law is the fundamental of magneto-statics. The

law helps to calculate the resultant magnetic field at some
position in the three-dimensional space. The law is only
applicable to steady current. Therefore, the flow of charge
should continue and must not change with time. The law helps
to calculate the magnetic field in a straight or circular coil and to
calculate the force between two parallel and lengthy current-
carrying conductors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Physics – Part I - Ncert Textbook ( Class XII ) :

https://ncert.nic
2. Shaalaa – Biot Savart Law :
https://www.shaalaa.com/question-bank-solutions/state-biot-
savart-law-magnetic-field-due-to-a-current-element-biot-savart-
law_3790
3. Lycos - Biot Savart Law and it’s applications :
https://sajitsir.tripod.com/Books/Biot_Savart_Law.pdf
4. Khan academy – Biot Savart Law and it’s applications :
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/in-in-class-12th-physics-
india/moving-charges-and-magnetism
5. Byju’s – Biot Savart Law :
https://byjus.com/physics/biot-savart-law/

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CERTIFICATE

1. AIM OF THE PROJECT

4. APPLICATIONS OF BIOT SAVART LAW

5.1 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT

This is to certify that D. Vihith , student of Class XII, Kendriya

Physics teacher : External examiner :

Biot Savart’s law, introduced first in 1802, is a simple

Biot Savart’s Law is the fundamental of magnetostatics.

Whenever magneto statics do not apply, then this law must be

• What is Biot-Savart Law?

 And 𝜇0 is the magnetic constant.

• Usually, around a close curve, the integral is found. The reason

• Biot – Savart Law Derivation :

Where, k is constant, depending upon the magnetic properties of

The final Biot-Savart law derivation is expressed as,

 The magnetic field density at point P due to the minute

 Now, merging these three statements, we can write ;

Now, introducing the value of constant k (which we have

Following are the importance of the Biot-Savart law:

• Calculating Magnetic Field: Biot-Savart Law is fundamental

• Wire Configurations: It is essential for analyzing more

• Foundational for Ampere’s Law: Biot-Savart Law serves as a

• Insight into Magnetic Interactions: By using Biot-Savart

Biot Savart’s Law is the fundamental of magneto-statics. The

1. Physics – Part I - Ncert Textbook ( Class XII ) :

2. Shaalaa – Biot Savart Law :

3. Lycos - Biot Savart Law and it’s applications :

4. Khan academy – Biot Savart Law and it’s applications :

5. Byju’s – Biot Savart Law :

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