Paddington Academy

TOPIC 4 HW MS

1. (a) (Q = mcΔT)

= 50 × 4.18 × 27.3
If incorrect (eg mass = 0.22 or 50.22 g) CE = 0 / 2
1

= 5706 J (accept 5700 and 5710)

Accept 5.7 kJ with correct unit. Ignore sign.
1

(b) Mr of 2-methylpropan-2-ol = 74(.0)

For incorrect Mr, lose M1 but mark on.
1

Moles = mass / Mr

= 0.22 / 74(.0)

= 0.00297 moles
1

ΔH = –5706 / (0.002970 × 1000)

= –1921 (kJ mol–1)

If 0.22 is used in part (a), answer = –8.45 kJ mol–1 scores 3

(Allow –1920, –1919)

If uses the value given (5580 J), answer = –1879 kJ mol–1
scores 3
Answer without working scores M3 only.
Do not penalise precision.
Lack of negative sign loses M3
1

(c) ΔH = ΣΔH products – ΣΔH reactants

OR a correct cycle
Correct answer with no working scores 1 mark only.
1

ΔH = −(−360) + (4 × −393) + (5 × −286)

M2 also implies M1 scored.
1

ΔH = –2642 (kJ mol–1) This answer only.

Allow 1 mark out of 3 for correct value with incorrect sign.
1

(d) (–2422 – part (b)) × 100 / –2422

Ignore negative sign.

Expect answers in region of 20.7

If error carried forward, 0.22 allow 99.7

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If 5580 J used earlier, then allow 22.4
1

(e) Reduce the distance between the flame and the beaker / put a sleeve around
the flame to protect from drafts / add a lid / use a copper calorimeter rather
than a pyrex beaker / use a food calorimeter
Any reference to insulating material around the beaker must
be on top.
Accept calibrate the equipment using an alcohol of known
enthalpy of combustion.
1

(f) Incomplete combustion

1
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2. (a) 2AgNO3 + Zn → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag (1)

Accept an ionic equation i.e.2Ag+ +Zn → 2Ag + Zn2+
1

(b) Moles = mv / 1000 (1) = 0.20 × 50/1000 = 1.00 × 10–2

2

(c) Heat energy change = mCΔT (1) = 50 × 418 × 3.2 J

= 669 J (Ignore signs) (1)

Allow 668, 67.0 0.67kJ
Penalise wrong units if given
2

(d) = 134 kJ mol–1

Mark one : 2 × (answer to (c))
Mark two : Dividing by answers to (b)
Allow 133 – 134
Penalise incorrect units
Mark conseq to equation in (a) for full marks, also to that in
(c)
If No working is shown and answer is incorrect zero
2

(e) Incomplete reaction or Heat loss (1)

1
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3. (a) (i) M1 (could be scored by a correct mathematical expression)

Correct answer gains full marks.

M1 ∆Hr = Ʃ∆Hf(products) − Ʃ∆Hf(reactants)

OR a correct cycle of balanced equations / correct numbers of moles

Credit 1 mark for +104 (kJ mol−1).

M2 = 2(+20) + 3(−394) − (−705) − 3(−111)

= 40 −1182 + 705 + 333

= −1142 − (−1038)

(This also scores M1)

M3 = −104 (kJ mol−1)

(Award 1 mark ONLY for + 104)

For other incorrect or incomplete answers, proceed as
follows:
• Check for an arithmetic error (AE), which is either a
transposition error or an incorrect multiplication; this would
score 2 marks.
• If no AE, check for a correct method; this requires
either a correct cycle with 3CO, 2Sb and 3CO OR a 2

clear statement of M1 which could be in words and

scores only M1.
3

(ii) It / Sb is not in its standard state

OR

Standard state (for Sb) is solid / (s)

OR

(Sb) liquid is not its standard state

Credit a correct definition of standard state as an alternative
to the words ‘standard state’.
QoL
1

(d) Low-grade ore extraction / it

• uses (cheap) scrap / waste iron / steel
• is a single-step process
uses / requires less / low(er) energy
Ignore references to temperature / heat or labour or
technology.
1
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4. (a) (Energy required) to break a given covalent bond (1)

averaged over a range of compounds (1)
Penalise first mark if ‘energy’ / ‘enthalpy’ evolved
2

(b) (i) 4 × C−H = 4 × 413 = +1652

1 × C−C = 1 × 347 = 347
1 × C=O = 1 × 736 = 736
2½ × O=O = 2.5 × 498 = 1245 (1)
= 2735 + 1245 = +3980 (1)
first mark for 4 : 1: 1 or 2735 ignore sign

(ii) 4 × H−O = -4 × 464 = –1856

4 × C−O = -4 × 736 = –2944 (1)
= –4800 (1)
First mark for 4 : 4

(iii) ΔH = ΣBonds broken − ΣBonds made

R

= +3980 − 4800 = −820 (1)

Conseq Mark for incorrect answers in (i) and (ii) as
(i) Answer + (ii) Answer =
5
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5. (a) (Enthalpy change) when 1 mol (1) of a compound is formed

from its constituent elements (1) in their standard states (1)
3
Allow energy or heat, Ignore evolved or absorbed
Mark each point independently

(b) (The enthalpy change for a reaction is) independent of the route (1)
1

(c) ΔH = RH products -
f H reactants (1)
f

= [(3 × -286) + (3 × -394)] - (-248) (1)

= -1792 (1) (kJ mol ) –1

Deduct one mark for each error to zero

3
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6. (a) Heat energy change (1)

Not energy on its own

measured at constant pressure (1)

Mark separately, ignore constant temperature statements
2

(b) 2Na(s) + S(s) + 2O (g) → Na SO (s)

2 2 4

Balanced (1) State symbols (1), but only if all species are
correct

Allow S (s)8

(c)

–1356 + (2 × 285.8) + (4 × 393.5) + ΔH C H O = 0

f 4 4 4

ΔH = –789.6 kJ mol
f
–1

If answer is incorrect:
Score +789.6 two marks
Score (× 1); (× 2) and (× 4) for species - one mark
If an incorrect negative answer given check for AE for loss of
one mark
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7. (a) M1 q = m c ∆T (this mark for correct mathematical formula)

Full marks for M1, M2 and M3 for the correct answer.
In M1, do not penalise incorrect cases in the formula.

M2 = (75 × 4.18 × 5.5)

1724 (J) OR 1.724 (kJ) OR 1.72 (kJ) OR 1.7 (kJ)

(also scores M1)

Ignore incorrect units in M2.

M3 Using 0.0024 mol

therefore ∆H = − 718 (kJ mol−1)

(Accept a range from −708 to −719 but do not penalise more than 3 significant
figures)
Penalise M3 ONLY if correct numerical answer but sign is
incorrect. Therefore +718 gains two marks.
If units are quoted in M3 they must be correct.
If ∆T = 278.5, CE for the calculation and penalise M2 and
M3.

M4 and M5 in any order

Any two from

• incomplete combustion

• heat loss

• heat capacity of Cu not included

• some ethanol lost by evaporation

• not all of the (2.40 × 10−3 mol) ethanol is burned / reaction is incomplete
If c = 4.81 (leads to 1984) penalise M2 ONLY and mark on
for M3 = − 827
5

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(b) M1

∑ B(reactants) − ∑ B(products) = ∆H

OR

Sum of bonds broken − Sum of bonds formed = ∆H

OR

B(C-C) + B(C-O) + B(O-H) + 5B(C-H) + 3B(O=O)

– 4B(C=O) – 6B(O–H) = ∆H = −1279
Correct answer gains full marks.
Credit 1 mark for − 496 (kJ mol−1)
For other incorrect or incomplete answers, proceed as
follows
• check for an arithmetic error (AE), which is either a
transposition error or an incorrect multiplication; this
would score 2 marks (M1 and M2).
If no AE, check for a correct method; this requires either a
correct cycle with 2CO2 and 3H2O OR a clear statement of
M1 which could be in words and scores only M1.

M2 (also scores M1)

348+360+463+5(412)+ 3B(O=O)

(3231) (or 2768 if O–H cancelled)

− 4(805) − 6(463) = ∆H = − 1279

(5998) (or 5535 if O–H cancelled)

3B(O=O) = 1488 (kJ mol−1)

Credit a maximum of one mark if the only scoring point is
bonds formed adds up to 5998 (or 5535) OR bonds broken
includes the calculated value of 3231 (or 2768).

M3

B(O=O) = 496 (kJ mol−1)

Award 1 mark for −496

Students may use a cycle and gain full marks

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8. (a) Temperature on y-axis

If axes unlabelled use data to decide that temperature is on
y-axis.
1

Uses sensible scales

Lose this mark if the plotted points do not cover half of the
paper.
Lose this mark if the temperature axis starts at 0 °C.
1

Plots all of the points correctly ± one square

Lose this mark if the graph plot goes off the squared paper.
1

Draws two best-fit lines

Candidate must draw two correct lines.
Lose this mark if the candidate’s line is doubled or kinked.
1

Both extrapolations are correct to the 4th minute

Award this mark if the candidate’s extrapolations are within
one square of your extrapolations of the candidate’s best-fit
lines at the 4th minute.
1

(b) 19.5 (°C)

Accept this answer only.
1

(c) 26.5 ± 0.2 (°C)

Do not penalise precision.
1

(d) (c) – (b)

Only award this mark if temperature rise is recorded to 1 d.p.
1

(e) Uses mcΔT equation

Allow use of this equation with symbols or values for M1
even if the mass is wrong.
1

Correct value using 25 × 4.18 × (d)

7.0 gives 732 J.
Correct answer with no working scores one mark only.
Do not penalise precision.
Allow answer in J or kJ.
Ignore sign of enthalpy change.
1

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(f) 9.0(1) × 10–3

Do not allow 0.01
Allow 9 × 10–3 or 0.009 in this case.
1

(g) If answer to (e) in J, then (e) / (1000 × (f))

or

If answer to (e) in kJ, then (e) / (f)

7.0 and 9.01 × 10–3 gives 81.2 kJ mol–1
If answer to (e) is in J must convert to kJ mol–1 correctly to score mark.
1

Enthalpy change has negative sign

Award this mark independently, whatever the calculated
value of the enthalpy change.
1

(h) The idea that this ensures that all of the solution is at the same temperature
Do not allow ‘to get an accurate reading’ without
qualification.
1

(i) (i) Chlorine is toxic / poisonous / corrosive

Do not allow ‘harmful’.
1

(ii) Explosion risk / apparatus will fly apart / stopper will come out
Ignore ‘gas can’t escape’ or ‘gas can’t enter the tube’.
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9. (a) ΔH + ΔH – ΔH = 0
exp 2 1

Any correct mathematical statement that uses all three terms

OR

ΔH + ΔH = ΔH OR ΔH = ΔH + ΔH
exp 2 1 1 exp 2

OR

ΔH = ΔH – ΔH OR ΔH = ΔH +( – ΔH )
exp 1 2 exp 1 2

(b) ΔH = ΔH – ΔH
exp 1 2

ΔH = −156 −12 = −168 (kJ mol )

exp
−1

Ignore units

Award the mark for the correct answer without any working
1

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(c) (i) M1 q = m c ΔT OR calculation (25.0 x 4.18 x 14.0)

Award full marks for correct answer

M2 = 1463J OR 1.46 kJ (This also scores M1)

In M1, do not penalise incorrect cases in the formula

M3 must have both the correct value within the range specified and the
minus sign
Penalise M3 ONLY if correct numerical value but sign is
incorrect; e.g. +69.5 to +69.7 gains 2 marks (ignore +70
after correct answer)

For 0.0210 mol, therefore

ΔH = − 69.67 to − 69.52 (kJ mol )

1
-1

OR ΔH = − 69.7 to − 69.5 (kJ mol )

1
−1

Penalise M2 for arithmetic error but mark on

Accept answers to 3sf or 4sf in the range − 69.7 to − 69.5

ΔT = 287, score q = m c ΔT only

Ignore -70 after correct answer

If c = 4.81 (leads to 1684J ) penalise M2 ONLY and mark on
for M3 = − 80.17 (range − 80.0 to − 80.2)
Ignore incorrect units
3
(ii) The idea of heat loss
NOT impurity
OR
Incomplete reaction (of the copper sulfate)
NOT incompetence
OR
Not all the copper sulfate has dissolved
NOT incomplete combustion
1
(e) Impossible to add / react the exact / precise amount of water
Not just “the reaction is incomplete”
OR
Very difficult to measure the temperature rise of a solid
OR
Difficult to prevent solid dissolving
OR
(Copper sulfate) solution will form
1
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10. C
[1]
11. A

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[1]
12. C
[1]
13. D
[1]

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