Dr.

Cherry IIP International School Chemistry

Unit 5
Reactivity
Unit 5.4 Other ways of making salts

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Vocabulary (key words) for Unit 5.4

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Dr. Cherry IIP International School Chemistry

Metal carbonates and acids

❑Carbonates – such as calcium carbonate – are salts.
❑Carbonates can be formed by the reaction of a metal with carbonic acid.

❖ The skeletons of coral are made from calcium carbonate and react with acids.
❖ This happens when the oceans become slightly more acidic as more carbon
dioxide dissolves in the water.
❖ The rock limestone is made of calcium carbonate it is damaged when it reacts
with acid rain and erodes.

We can use carbonates to form other salts by reacting them with an acid.

metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

Calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid → calcium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
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calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid →calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

calcium carbonate + nitric acid → calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jujsd6xIN2c

How did writing a risk assessment help you to think about what you could do to avoid any safety problems?
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Salts in rocks
➢ The blue-green colours in these rocks in the Atacama Desert in Chile tell you that they contain
copper salts.
➢ This bright blue-green mineral in the rock is called malachite. It is made from copper carbonate.

Neutralisation reaction
When an acid is neutralised by an alkali, a salt is produced. This is called neutralization
reaction.

The general equation for neutralisation reactions is:

acid + alkali → salt + water

✓ when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt sodium chloride is formed. The other product is water.

sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + water

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh7h_WJAv5M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWpy2OOcDYI

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Alkalis and bases

➢ When a metal oxide dissolves in water, it forms an alkaline solution.
➢ Metal oxides are called bases. Soluble metal bases form alkalis when they dissolve in water.
sodium oxide + water → sodium hydroxide
Sodium oxide is a base. The sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

Some metal oxides are not soluble in water, for example; iron and copper oxide.
They do not form alkalis. But they can still react with acids to form salts.

Metal oxide (base) + acid → salt + water

copper oxide + sulfuric acid →copper sulfate + water
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

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