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Contents
1 HYDROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 HYDROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1. HYDROLOGY
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 HYDROLOGY
1. The change from a gas to a liquid.
A. Specific Heat
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Heat of Vaporization
A. Evaporation
2. What is the land area that supplies the wa-
ter in a river system? B. Precipitation
C. Infiltration
A. watershed
D. Transpiration
B. divide
5. Which is the primary source of freshwater
C. tributary
in the hydrosphere?
D. eutrophication A. glaciers and ice caps
B. groundwater
3. What creates surface currents in the
ocean? C. oceans
A. Wind D. lakes
B. Runoff 6. In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs

survive by burrowing in the sand?
C. Salinity
A. oceanic
D. Temperature B. intertidal
4. Which process is demonstrated inside the C. deep ocean

red circle? D. open ocean
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
1.1 HYDROLOGY 3
7. What is the movement of soil from one A. Destroys habitat

place to another?
B. Decimates natural salmon migration

A. weathering routes
B. deposition
C. Disturbs flooding cycles and nutrient
C. discharge deposition
D. erosion
D. All are Cons for hydroelectricity
8. As we go deeper into the ocean, salinity
13. What happens after groundwater at the
A. Doubles very end/beginning of the water cycle?
B. Decreases
C. Increases
D. Remains the same
9. Which of the following would change the
density of water
A. the amount of water in a container
B. the color of the water A. Evaporation
C. the amount of salt in the water
B. Transpiration
D. how old the water is
C. Condensation
10. EPA regulated this act starting in 1972
D. Groundwater
A. Clean Water Act
B. safe drinking water act 14. Which events do NOT occur as a result of
C. freshwater act upwelling?
D. ocean protection act A. cold-water currents replace warm-
11. Which can have the greatest affect on an water currents
areas climate? B. The California Current moves water
A. tides South from the Pacific
B. deep currents C. plants get the minerals they need
C. surface currents D. surface currents flow away from the
D. salinity shore
12. Which of the following is a Con for hydro-
15. Fresh water represents of global wa-
electricity?
ter resources.
A. 1%
B. 3%
C. 10%
D. 30%
8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. D

1.1 HYDROLOGY 4
16. Ocean currents are produced by 21. If the ground is not saturated, the water
A. volcanoes on the bottom of the ocean will
floor. A. infiltrate
B. earthquakes on the bottom of the B. sweaty
ocean floor. C. runoff
C. differences in the number of organ- D. permeate
isms living at different depths.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
22. All the materials that the water is a
D. differences in the temperature of the
stream carries is known as the stream’s
water at different depths.
17. The imaginary line that divides the Earth A. Erosional stream load
into north and south is the
B. Bed load
A. Mid-ocean ridge
C. Rolling load
B. Ecuador D. Dissolved gases
C. equator
23. water located below Earth’s surface
D. North Pole
A. groundwater
18. A process by which water percolates B. surface water
through the soil and works its way into
an aquifer. C. aquifer
D. infiltration
A. Percolation
B. Groundwater Recharge 24. Where is the shallowest part of the ocean
floor that is easiest to explore?
C. Infiltration
A. continental slope
D. Filtration
B. continental shelf
19. The oceans absorb much of the sunlight C. abyssal plains
reaching Earth. When water in the oceans
absorb sunlight and heat up, what process D. rift zones
can happen to the water?
25. Which statement best explains why Lon-
A. Accumulation don has warmer temperatures than Cleve-
B. Condensation land?
C. Evaporation A. The cold air above the Gulf Stream gets

blown toward Cleveland.
D. Precipitation
B. The warm air above the Labrador Cur-
20. all water on earth cover rent gets blown toward England.
C. The Labrador Current cools the air
A. 99.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999%
above it and the cool air gets blown to-
ward Cleveland.
B. 70%
D. The Gulf Stream heats the air above it
C. 58% and the warm air gets blown toward the
D. hi shores of England.
17. C 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D

1.1 HYDROLOGY 5
26. The graphs show two catchment areas.

One has a permeable surface and the other
has an impermeable surface. Which one

shows the impermeable surface?
A. Upper Course
B. Middle Course
C. Lower Course
D. none of above
A. A
B. B 31. Where does the energy to drive the hydro-
logic cycle come from?
27. Which abiotic factor would you test in an A. Earth’s interior
experiment on the effects of abiotic fac-
B. the sun
tors on fish?
C. plate tectonics
A. Acidity of the water
D. photosynthesis
B. Invertebrates found in the water
C. Species of plants growing in the lake 32. What do we call the amount of water that
is in the air?
D. Predator/Prey relationships between
A. Dew Point
fish and birds
B. Humidity
28. What is dissolved oxygen?
C. Temperature
A. The amount of O2 dissolved in water D. Pressure
B. The amount of CO2 dissolved in water
33. What drives or powers the water cycle?
29. Which letter represents the crest? A. moon’s gravity
B. convection currents
C. earth’s core
D. the Sun
34. Poorly sorted soil
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
30. In which course can you find waterfalls

and rapids? A. has low porosity
26. A 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
1.1 HYDROLOGY 6
B. has high porosity

C. has high pore space
D. means water will move through quickly
35. The 2 most abundant gases in the atmo-

sphere are
A. helium and nitrogen
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. nitrogen and oxygen
C. oxygen and helium
A. A
D. argon and nitrogen
B. B
36. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that C. C
helps regulate the temperature of the
D. D
earth’s atmosphere.
E. E
A. True
B. False 40. Both Spring Tides and Neap Tides only hap-
pen twice a month.
37. Which part of the water cycle is indicated A. True
by the red arrow?
B. False
41. Cause of deep ocean currents

A. Differences in Density
B. Heat from the Sun
C. Volcanic Activity
D. Gravity
A. Run Off
42. why does water get denser (thicker) as if
B. Accumulation it moves toward the POLES?
C. Precipitation A. As water freezes into ice, it leaves be-
D. Evaporation hind salt in ocean waters. The water is
colder and salinity increases, causing it to
38. Which best explains why runoff is impor- be more dense and sink.
tant? B. As water evaporates, the salt is left be-
A. It returns water to other locations on hind moving to warmer waters.
Earth
43. flow of water from the land surface into
B. It makes evaporation occur faster the ground
C. It increases the chance of flooding A. radiation
D. It increases condensation B. convection
39. Use the image to identify the Sacramento C. infiltration

Delta watershed. D. aquifer
36. A 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. A 41. A 42. A 43. C

1.1 HYDROLOGY 7
44. Sequence the seafloor features as you A. Ice Caps Glaicers

move from the shoreline outward into the B. Ground Water
ocean

C. Rivers
A. continental slope-abyssal plain-mid-
D. Lakes
ocean ridge
B. continental slope-continental shelf- 48. What two actions do you need for a con-
abyssal plain vection current to occur?
C. continental shelf-continental slope-
abyssal plain
D. continental shelf-continental slope-
mid-ocean ridge
45. What is a thin, narrow wall built from the A. Cold water sinks
shoreline into the ocean? B. Cold water rises
C. Warm water sinks
D. Warm water rises
49. This is a picture of
A. barrier island
B. dredging
C. jetty
A. very young streams
D. sea wall
B. fairly old streams
46. What is the flat region of the ocean floor C. city streams
called that is covered with thick layers of
D. none of above
sediment?
A. mid-ocean ridge 50. Which is an example of the Coriolis effect?
B. seamount A. Swings
C. abyssal plain B. jump rope
D. continental slope C. running bases

D. ferris wheel
47. Looking at the graph what source contains
the majority of the earth’s Fresh Water 51. Which of the following will most likely
increase the salinity of a region of the
ocean?
A. runoff from a large river
B. increased precipitation
C. the thawing of a large iceberg
D. the evaporation of seawater
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1.1 HYDROLOGY 8
52. What is porosity? B. In the inner bend of a curve

A. how the holes change in rocks without C. Near the edges of a straight part
water D. In the middle of a straight part
B. how much time it takes water to run
through rocks 57. When was high tide Saturday Morning?
C. how much water can be held in rocks
and other earth’s substances
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
53. as salinity increase desity A. 1:55 pm

A. increases B. 1:05 am
B. decreases C. 7:38 am
C. stays the same D. 7:55 pm
D. none of above
58. Ocean circulation transports from the
54. How does the Coriolis Effect impact ocean Equator to the North Pole and South Pole.
currents? A. salt
A. It causes warm surface currents to B. heat
flow towards the equator and cold surface
C. carbon dioxide
currents to flow away from the equator
D. nutrients
B. It causes warm surface currents to
flow away from the equator and cold sur- 59. How does the latitude of a region affect
face currents to flow towards the equator its climate?
C. It causes warm surface currents to A. By increasing the length of days
flow towards the equator and cold surface throughout the year
currents to flow towards the equator
B. By increasing the amount of energy
D. It causes warm surface currents to the land can absorb
flow away from the equator and cold sur-
C. By determining the angle of sunlight
face currents to flow away from the equa-
throughout the year
tor
D. By determining the rate that tectonic
55. What is the place where you store the plates move
groundwater under the earth?
A. groundwater sheds 60. Warm ocean currents generally come from
B. watersheds A. The North Pole
C. aquifers B. The South Pole
D. roots of trees/plants (to then be ex- C. The Equator

tracted from them) D. The beach
56. In a river, where does the current move 61. T2-Free-swimming animals that can move
the fastest? throughout the water column are called
A. In the outer bend of a curve A. algae.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 9
B. nekton. 66. Global ocean currents move

C. benthos. A. counterclockwise north at the equator

D. plankton. and clockwise south of the equator
B. clockwise north of the equator and
62. “Ensuring availability of water for future counterclockwise south of the equator
generations” is a
C. clockwise north and south of the equa-
A. Goal of water conservation tor
B. Strategy of water conservation D. counterclockwise north and south of
C. Key activity of water conservation the equator
D. none of above 67. Which result is most likely to occur after
63. What happens with energy when gas con- excessive withdrawal of groundwater in
denses to form a liquid? coastal areas?
A. increased reliance on irrigation be-
cause of drier soil conditions
B. dilution of brackish water in estuarine
ecosystems
C. reduced efficiency of local desalina-
tion facilities
D. intrusion of salt water into the water
table
A. Absorbs heat
B. Releases heat 68. Name the moon phase
C. Releases and absorbs heat depending
on altitude
D. Neither absorbs nor releases heat (re-
mains constant)
64. Material in which water does not pass

through.
A. Porosity
B. Permeable
C. Impermeable A. waning crescent
D. Aquifer B. waxing crescent
65. Ocean on the East Coast of the United C. waning gibbous

States and the West Coast of Europe D. waxing gibbous
A. collection 69. Cannot easily be traced to the source of
B. Arctic Ocean the pollution.
C. abyssal plain A. Point Source Pollution
D. Atlantic Ocean B. Non-point source pollution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 10
70. What happens to water in the ocean be- C. headwaters

fore it becomes water in the atmosphere? D. groundwater
A. It becomes precipitation.
76. Seamounts with a flat top.
B. It evaporates.
A. seamount
71. Which source has the strongest effect on B. volcanic island
tides?
C. guyot
A. Sun
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. volcanic arc
B. Moon
77. Where would you find the most densest
C. Earth
ocean water?
D. Wind
A. Atlantic Ocean
72. Which gases are dissolved in the ocean? B. Pacific Ocean
A. nitrogen C. Southern Ocean
B. carbon dioxide D. Indian Ocean
C. oxygen 78. Groundwater is stored in permeable layers
D. all of the above of rock called aquifers. If a well is drilled-
what is the correct order of the different
73. What is likely the source of water shown layers that it would move through?
in this picture?
A. saturated zone, unsaturated zone, wa-
ter table
B. water table, unsaturated zone, satu-
rated zone
C. unsaturated zone, water table, satu-
rated zone
D. saturated zone, water table, unsatu-
rated zone
A. Running Water
79. When water is heated and changes from a
B. Groundwater liquid to a gas it is called
74. During a Spring Tide the high tides will be A. condensation
and the low tides will be B. collection
A. Lower; HIgher C. evaporation
B. unchanged; Lower D. precipitation
C. Higher; Unchanged
80. What is the deepest part of the ocean?
D. Higher; Lower
75. Water that infiltrates the soil and is stored

in the spaces between sediment particles
A. watershed
B. mouth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 11
A. a rift zone A. evaporating

B. an abyssal plain B. condensing

C. a seamount C. precipitating
D. an oceanic trench D. runoff
81. Most of Earths surface water (97%) is 84. Groundwater is found underground in the
salt water found in oceans zone of
A. True A. aeration
B. saturation
B. False
C. porosity
82. The stream that flows into a larger
D. permeability
stream.
85. What causes ocean convection currents?
A. The moon and tides
B. Hurricanes and tropical storms
C. Water of different densities
D. none of above
86. The Canary Current is an ocean current
that moves in a southwesterly direction
A. gully
along the northwest edge of Africa. Based
B. tributary on this information, one can predict that
C. stream the winds above the ocean in this area
blow mostly in what direction?
D. rill
83. What is water that flows in rivers and

streams into the oceans and lakes?
A. Towards the northwest.

B. Towards the southwest.
C. Towards the southeast.
D. towards the northeast.
87. This hydrograph represents a

1.1 HYDROLOGY 12
A. periodic river in Gauteng A. evaporation

B. permanent river in south Western B. infiltration
Cape
C. condensation
C. periodic river in a winter rainfall area
D. permanent river in a summer rainfall D. transpiration
area
93. regular disturbances that carry energy
88. A sprinkler would be an example of through matter or space
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. irrigation A. crest
B. infiltration
B. energy
C. groundwater
C. wave
D. surface water
D. trough
89. Winds that blow over short distances are
called 94. frontal precipitation occurs when there is
A. Waves
A. a cyclone
B. Local Winds
B. a thermal convection
C. Global Winds
C. a conflict between warm and cold air
D. Currents
masses
90. Name two factors that increase salinity D. a mountain barrier
A. Evaporation and freezing
B. Near the mouth of river and freezing 95. The diagram provided depicts tidal height
related to four moon phases. Which points
C. Condensation and Precipitation
in the diagram could represent the height
D. Evaporation and melting of tides during the full Moon and the new
Moon?
91. With the introduction of the insecticide
DDT, Eagles became an example of which A. W and X
two water quality indicators?
B. W and Y
A. Bioaccumulation
C. X and Z
B. Temperature
D. X and Y tags112.20.b.7.C
C. Turbidity
D. Biological 96. As human population increases exponen-
E. Nitrates tially what is likely to happen to the
amount of available freshwater?
92. Process 6 is known as
A. It will increase
B. It will decrease
C. It will stabilize
D. It will increase and then decrease

1.1 HYDROLOGY 13
97. Paris, France and Winnipeg, Manitoba B. Permeable pavement

(Canada) are located at the same latitude. C. Large areas of open space
Why does Paris have a milder (warmer)

climate than Winnipeg? D. Large amounts of impervious surfaces
A. The Coriolis Effect keeps warm air 102. Upwelling is when deep ocean waters
away from Canada rise to the surface. Upwelling will occur
if:
B. The Gulf Stream Current brings warm
water to Paris A. The deep water is saltier than the shal-
lower water
C. Global winds push cold air towards
Canada B. The deep water is denser than the shal-
lower water
D. Winnipeg has a higher elevation than
Paris C. Wind blows the shallow water along
the coast away from the coast
98. Which continent is located at #7?
D. Wind blows the shallow water along
the coast towards the coast.
103. The diagram is a tide.
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Australia
D. Antarctica
99. Most of the fresh water on Earth is A. spring

A. Water Vapor B. neap
B. In lakes and rivers C. deep ocean
C. Frozen D. none of above
D. Underground 104. Gravel tends to have a
100. What percentage of Earth’s freshwater is A. low porosity & high permeability
available to humans and animals? B. low porosity & low permeability
A. 97% C. high porosity & high permeability
B. 25% D. high porosity & low permeability
C. 1% 105. Which would most likely increase the
D. %3 amount of water available for local use?
A. increased evaporation
101. Which of the following is a factor that can
increase the amount of runoff in an urban B. increased transpiration
area? C. decreased evaporation
A. Green roofs D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 14
106. What are the two main factors that influ- 111. Gravel is , meaning that water can
ence deep ocean currents? pass through easily.
A. Wind and temperature A. solid
B. Temperature and salinity B. impermeable
C. Tides and waves C. permeable
D. The moon’s gravity and salinity D. soft
107. Wind blows from an area of pressure. 112. Of all the water on earth, 98% is in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. low to high saline form with 2% of water considered
to be freshwater. However, 60% of the
B. high to low
Earth’s freshwater is considered unavail-
C. high to high able to humans why?
D. low to low A. This water is trapped in deep under-
108. Why is eutrophication harmful to fish? ground aquifers.
A. algae overproduce and crowd out fish B. This water is currently in solid form
and other species near each of the poles.
B. fish overproduce, eat all possible food C. This water is simply too polluted to
sources, and then starve drink.
C. algae overproduce oxygen, which is D. This water is trapped in Earth’s upper

toxic to fish in high quantities atmosphere in vapor form.
D. algae overproduce and die, then bac- 113. As water rises through the atmosphere,
teria use up the available oxygen so fish it cools, condenses and becomes
die A. water vapor
109. What type of current is the Gulf Stream? B. Mist
C. runoff
D. clouds
114. This shows expansion around a lake for
30 years. What happens to the ground
and surface water?
A. Warm
B. Cold
110. What type of radiation was discovered
in empty skies that was interfering with A. they both improve
telephone calls?
B. they both get worse
A. Visible light
C. groundwater gets better and surface
B. X-Rays water gets worse
C. Microwaves D. groundwater gets worse and surface
D. Gamma Rays water gets better

1.1 HYDROLOGY 15
115. Which process will increase the salinity A. Subsidence

of ocean water?
B. A thalveg

A. evaporation
C. A losing stream
B. currents
C. Coriolis effect D. A natural spring
D. density
119. Water returned back to a river at a higher
116. Lakes can form from [select all that are temperature off of a power plant is an ex-
appropriate] ample of
A. Thermal pollution
B. Non point source
C. Point source
D. none of above
A. melted glacier ice 120. Water on the surface of spongy and pal-
isade cells (inside the leaf) evaporates and
B. volcanic eruptions then diffuses out of the leaf through the
C. earthquakes stomata. As the xylem cells make a contin-
uous tube from the leaf, down the stem to
D. hurricanes
the roots, this acts like a drinking straw,
E. meteorite impact producing a flow of water and dissolved
minerals from roots to leaves. The process
117. Label E
described above is what we call the
A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration
C. Evapotranspiration
D. Precipitation
A. Runoff 121. Which best explains what happens to

B. Condensation nutrients in the ocean as a result of up-
C. Infiltration welling?
D. none of above A. Upwelling carries nutrients to coral

reefs.
118. The diagram shows
B. Upwelling carries nutrients to the sur-
face of the ocean.
122. The picture shows ice breaking apart a

piece of solid bedrock. This is an example
of what type of weathering?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 16
126. Which of the follow could cause a

tsunami?
A. undersea earthquake
B. undersea volcanic eruption
C. undersea mudslide
D. all of the above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
127. Where is the shallowest part of the ocean
A. Physical-Frost Action floor?
B. Physical-Carbonation A. continental slope
C. Chemical-Frost Action B. continental shelf
D. Chemical-Carbonation C. abyssal plains
123. If the Basin area is flat which method is D. rift zones
reliable to be used to find out Precipitation
A. Arithmetic Mean Method 128. What are currents?
B. Isohyet Method A. Formed from slow waves depositing
C. Thiesen Polygon Method sand in shallow water
D. None of these B. Effect of Earth’s rotation on the direc-

tion of winds and currents
124. Clouds begin to form in the atmosphere
when causes of water on Earth. C. Large streams of moving water that
flow through the oceans
D. High part of the wave
E. Rush of water flowing back to sea
through narrow opening
129. Which letter identifies the continental

shelf?
A. The sun; evaporation
B. Altitude; condensation
C. A temperature drop, evaporation
D. The prevailing winds; condensation
125. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater lo-
cated?
A. A
A. rivers
B. icecaps and glaciers B. B
C. ocean C. C
D. groundwater D. D

1.1 HYDROLOGY 17
130. What makes water change forms in the 136. What ocean floor feature is shown at #1?
water cycle?
A. Continental Shelf

A. the air
B. Continental Slope
B. the rain
C. Abyssal Plain
C. the sun
D. Seamount
D. the ground
131. Where is groundwater located? 137. Where is the water table located?
A. rivers A. at the bottom of the saturation zone
B. lakes B. at the top of the saturation zone
C. underground C. at the sea level
D. swamps D. none of above
132. Which form of ocean life lives mainly in
the middle zone of the the ocean? 138. What is the energy source that drives the
water cycle?
A. nekton
B. plankton
C. bethos
D. ments
133. Which of these describes the area imme-
diately below the water table?
A. Recharge Zone
B. Capillary Zone
C. Zone of Aeration A. The moon T
D. Zone of Saturation B. The heat from our home in the winter
all around the world
134. The shallowest(least deep) part of the
ocean is the C. The sun
A. trench D. he heat generated solely from the core
B. abyssal plain of the earth
C. continental shelf 139. Extra credit:What was the name of the
D. continental slope body of water that the scuba divers found
the storm water drainage pipe expelling a
135. A giant wave usually caused by an earth-
black flume of pollution in the video “Poi-
quake (and landslides, volcanic eruptions,
son Waters”?
asteroids) beneath the ocean floor.
A. Puget Sound
A. wave train
B. double crest B. Chesapeake Bay
C. tsunami C. San Francisco Bay
D. hurricane D. Potomac River

1.1 HYDROLOGY 18
140. What is a drawback to the extensive use 145. is the amount of dissolved salts in
of irrigation? seawater.
A. Crops do not receive sufficient water A. Affinity
B. Flooding increases B. Liquidity
C. Groundwater levels decrease C. Salinity

D. Dissolution
D. Pollution increases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
146. Smog is an example of pollution.
141. The water that fills lakes and rivers
A. land
A. groundwater
B. water
B. surface water
C. air
C. water table
D. noise
D. saturated zone
147. Fish tank owners will often add ammonia
142. What percent of water is salt water and to the tank to increase the nitrate levels.
what percent is freshwater? If too much ammonia is added, what might
occur?
A. 96% salt water; 4% freshwater
B. 50% salt water; 50% freshwater
C. 97% salt water; 3% freshwater
D. 75% salt water; 25% freshwater
143. What is the top of the water-filled spaces

(saturated zone) in the ground called? A. Algae growth will stop, and oxygen will
A. Groundwater not be produced.
B. Reservoir B. Algae growth will increase, causing
oxygen levels to increase.
C. Water Table
C. Algae growth will increase, causing
D. Well oxygen levels to decrease.
144. The area at the mouth of a river where D. Algae growth will decrease, causing
rits current meets the ocean; contains oxygen levels to decrease.
brackish (part fresh, part salt) water; acts
148. The Ohio and Missouri Rivers are both
as a marine habitiat, buffer for pollu-
of the Mississippi River.
tants, filter to remove run off pollution
and breeding ground/nursery for aquatic
organisms.
A. estuary
B. open ocean
C. deep ocean
D. river basin

1.1 HYDROLOGY 19
A. tributaries 153. The land area that supplies water to a

river system
B. watersheds

A. watershed
C. divides
B. saturated zone
D. water systems
C. water table
149. Pieces of land that protect the mainland
D. dam
from the effects of waves on its shore.
154. What is the main source of freshwater on
earth?
A. ocean water
B. well water
C. pond water
D. rainwater
A. Beaches
B. Barrier Islands 155. Pebbles and sand erode from a river bank.
These are in the
C. Estuaries
A. Suspended load
D. Inlets
B. dissolved load
150. Which of the following causes most ocean C. bed load
currents on the water’s surface?
D. none of above
A. latitude
B. evaporation 156. Which graph best represents the relative
settling times of the 4 different sized par-
C. prevailing winds ticles?
D. salinity shifts A. A
151. Which organism is the base of the food B. B

chain? C. C
A. Crab D. D
B. Whales
157. What are tides?
C. Phytoplankton
A. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters
D. Silverside Fish on its coastlines
B. Movement of energy through a body of
152. Which of the following is not a process
water
that decreases the salinity of seawater?
C. Number of waves that pass a point in
A. runoff from land
a given time
B. icebergs melting
D. the vertical distance from trough to
C. precipitation crest of a wave
D. evaporation E. Low part of the wave

1.1 HYDROLOGY 20
158. How much is the water retained in the 163. How are surface currents made?
example? A. upwelling
A. 13 ml
B. friction of wind on ocean surface
B. Work
C. movement of large organisms under
C. a job the water
D. 43 ml D. changes in density
NARAYAN CHANGDER
159. A change in the pattern of warm ocean 164. Number of waves that pass a point in
currents can cause a climate change by a certain amount of time (how often they
A. releasing thermal energy in irregular happen)
spurts A. Wave Height
B. absorbing thermal energy from the B. Wave Frequency
Sun’s rays
C. Wave Length
C. moving thermal energy from one place
to another D. Ocean Current
D. increasing the ocean’s capacity for ab- 165. The ability of rock to let fluids pass
sorbing thermal energy through its pores.
160. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all ? A. aquifer
A. Precipitation B. porosity
B. Condensation C. impermeable
C. Evaporation D. permeability
D. none of above 166. Why are warm water currents always
161. What is used to store water during peak found near the surface in the ocean?
periods? A. warm water is less dense than cold wa-
A. Lake ter
B. The canal is open B. sunlight heats the air above the wa-
ter’s surface
C. Storage bins
C. Warm water evaporates more quickly
D. Storage dam than cold water
162. Define the continental slope. D. Warm surface water has a higher salin-
A. A chain of small underwater mountains ity (salt)
formed by lava.
167. when you stand on the shore and you
B. A steep slope that extends downward see waves approaching the beach, what is
from a continental shelf. comin towards you?
C. A smooth, flat area covered with mud A. Water
and silt.
B. Currents
D. A gently sloping shallow area that ex-
tends outward from the edge of a conti- C. Energy from the current
nent. D. Energy from the wind

1.1 HYDROLOGY 21
168. Which best explains why freshwater is in 173. Which River Basin are we located in?
such short supply?
A. Cape Fear
A. Most of the freshwater is frozen in ice

B. Noses
sheets.
B. Most of the freshwater is trapped un- C. Tar-Pamlico
derground. D. I’m going to use it
C. Most of the freshwater is cycling in the
atmosphere. 174. What is the property of water that al-
lows it to stick to itself?
D. Most of the freshwater is in the bodies
of plants and animals.
169. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found

in
A. ice caps
B. streams
A. Polar-adhesion
C. water cycle
B. Polar-cohesion
D. water vapor
C. High specific heat
170. To seep through due to gravity
D. Density
A. Infiltrate
B. Capillarity 175. Using the diagram above, identify the
wave part at letter D.
C. Gravitational Pull
D. Permeable
171. What is infiltration?

A. the amount of water that falls to earth
as snow, sleet, hail, and mist
B. the flow of water, from snow and rain A. trough
C. process by which water on the ground B. crest
enters soil
C. wavelength
D. loss of water from a plant through its
leaves D. amplitude
172. Eutrophication means E. frequency
A. Too little nutrients are in the water. 176. comes before Winter in the Southern
B. Too many nutrients are in the water, hemisphere.
creating too much oxygen. A. summer
C. There are no nutrients in the water
B. spring
D. Excess nutrients in an ecosystem
C. fall
cause overgrowth of algae which use up
oxygen in the water. D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 22
177. Which of the following factors does not 181. Which wave is the tallest? Assume they
impact the infiltration rate of water? all have the same wind speed.
A. The porosity/permeability of the soil A. A wave with a 500 mile reach
B. The water table level B. A wave with a 1, 000 mile reach
C. The rate of precipitation C. A wave with a 1, 500 mile reach
D. The amount of pollution in a nearby D. A wave with a 2, 000 mile reach

stream
NARAYAN CHANGDER
182. Why do we need to conserve water?
178. The graphic shows that only 3% of the A. It is an unlimited resource.
Earth’s water is fresh water. The graphic B. It is a limited resource and all living
also shows that of this 3%, almost all of things need it.
it is contained in two reservoirs. What are
C. There is a lot of water.
the two reservoirs that contain almost all
of Earth’s fresh water? D. There is no need to conserve water.
183. What letter is B?
A. Cont. Shelf
B. Cont. Slope
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Seamount
A. glaciers and groundwater
B. streams and estuaries 184. beginning of a river.
A. mouth
C. marshes and swamps
B. headwaters
D. lakes and rivers
C. tributary
179. Fresh water is more or less dense than D. watershed
Ocean water
185. Name that breeze!
A. Less
B. More
180. What percent of the Earth’s surface is

covered in water?
A. 71
B. 82
C. 50
D. 63

1.1 HYDROLOGY 23
A. Land Breeze
B. Sea Breeze

186. The process where water soaks into soil
or porous rock.
A. Sublimation
B. Transpiration
C. Groundwater
D. Infiltration
187. Rubbing together

A. Abrasion
A. evaporation
B. Erosion
B. condensation
C. Transform
C. precipitation
D. Weathering D. transpiration
188. Which statement best compares the 191. If starting on top of a mountain as the
amount of water present on Earth today highest point, rain or snow melts from this
with the amount present millions of years area will produce:
ago?
A. Channel
A. There is slightly more water on Earth B. Headwaters
today.
C. Stream Load
B. There is significantly less water on
D. Mouth
Earth today.
C. There is significantly more water on 192. A marsh and a swamp are the same thing.
Earth today. A. True
D. There is about the same amount of wa- B. False
ter on Earth today.
193. An area of land that drains to a particular
189. According to our salinity lab and what we river, lake, bay, or other body of water.
learned in class, which statement is true
about the Atlantic Ocean?
A. It is the 3rd largest ocean
B. It is covered mainly by ice
C. It has a higher salinity than the Pacific
Ocean
D. It is located on the West Coast of the A. Tributary
United States B. Wetland
190. When plant leaves release water vapor C. Divide
into the air; “plant sweat” D. Watershed

1.1 HYDROLOGY 24
194. An object will float in a liquid if it is C. eutrophication

A. cooled to the same temperature. D. turnover
B. heated to the same temperature.
200. is water released from clouds in the
C. less dense than the liquid. form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or
D. more dense than the liquid. hail. It is the primary connection in the wa-
ter cycle that provides for the delivery of
195. Currents spin in the northern hemi- atmospheric water to the Earth. Most
sphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
falls as rain.
A. clockwise A. Snowmelt runoff
B. counter clockwise
B. Precipitation
C. straight
C. Surface runoff
D. .
D. Evaporation
196. Both El Nino and La Nina have this in com-
mon 201. Areas of in the ocean will cause an in-
crease in the amount of nutrients and or-
A. Influence birds that migrate over the
ganisms in the water.
ocean
B. Influence rainy / dry weather world A. upwelling
wide B. intertidal
C. The weather at the polar regions C. algae
D. The directions that ships travel in the D. turbidity
oceans Explanation:Areas of upwelling in the
ocean occur when deep, cold water rises
197. Deep currents are caused by differences
to the surface. This process brings nutri-
in the ocean water.
ents from the deep ocean to the surface,
A. eutrophication of which increases the amount of nutrients
B. sun’s effect on and organisms in the water.
C. density of 202. all of the water on Earth
D. salinity of
A. water cycle
198. A stream or creek that flows into a larger B. hydrosphere
stream, river, or other body of water.
C. oceans, lakes and rivers
A. watershed
D. water vapor
B. river basin
C. tributary 203. Erosion caused by the sheer force of wa-
D. point source ter is known as
A. attrition
199. A process called causes an increase of
nutrients in lakes and ponds. B. corrosion
A. evaporation C. hydraulic action
B. condensation D. abrasion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 25
204. Which arrow shows evaporation? 208. When take shorter showers, you are con-
serving

A. electricity
B. water
C. soap
D. none of above
A. A 209. What is ocean acidification?

B. B
C. C
D. D
205. Why are clouds a key element of the wa-

ter cycle? A. An increase in the pH of the ocean wa-
ters, due to CO2 concentrations
B. A decrease in pH of the ocean waters,
due to CO2 concentrations
C. The process of creating waves
D. A specialized organism that survives
especially acidic waters
A. increase amount of water on the
planet 210. heat energy
B. protect land from sunlight A. condensation
C. lower temperature of the air B. thermal energy
D. transport water from one part of the C. solar radiation
planet to another D. temperature
206. The continuous movement of water from 211. Look at the picture of the water cycle.
the hydrosphere and atmosphere is Which number shows evaporation?
A. hydrology cycle
B. stratosphere
C. mesosphere
D. thermosphere
207. Sediments that consist of mineral grains

that were eroded from continental rocks
are called
A. terrigenous A. 1
B. biogenous B. 2
C. hydrogenous C. 3
D. hydrates D. 4

1.1 HYDROLOGY 26
212. In which way do most cold currents 217. What source of energy below is the most
move? important in driving the water cycle?
A. away from the poles A. Geothermal energy changes water to
B. away from the equator steam so condensation can occur
C. to the surface of the ocean B. Sunlight heats up Earth’s surface wa-
D. towards the poles ter creating the process of evaporation
C. Wind helps change surface water into
NARAYAN CHANGDER
213. When salt and fresh water mix, what is
water vapor during the process of evapo-
the new water substance called?
ration
D. Gravity is necessary to pull water
downhill when it rains thus allowing wa-
ter to flow into rivers and streams
218. The drilling for freshwater increases

along a coastal area. What is a likely con-
sequence for this action?
A. Brackish Acid A. An intrusion of saltwater into aquifers
B. Fresh Water
B. The loss of water resources in estuar-
C. Salt Water ies
D. Brackish Water C. The destruction of estuaries because
214. The Mississippi River is an example of of an increase in sea levels
a high water body. D. A decrease in salt concentration in wa-
A. Permeability of terways
B. Turbidity
219. Why is water conservation an important
C. saturation zone issue?
D. none of above A. It is not important
215. What is represented by “Label 1” B. Why Conserve when we have so much
A. peak rainfall water
B. peak discharge C. Water is very limited or scarce
C. bankfull stage D. none of above
D. make an hour
220. Which of the following implies the same
216. The major sources of freshwater are word as “aquifer.”
and
A. zone of aeration
A. oceans, water vapor
B. oceans, lakes B. zone of saturation
C. groundwater, surface water C. water table

D. reservoirs, surface water D. impermeable layer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 27
221. Which is NOT a way that groundwater 226. During upwelling occurs off the coast
flows? of Peru.

A. It trickles down from Earth’s surface A. Normal Conditions
B. It fills tiny spaces underground B. The boy
C. It precipitates from clouds
D. It is recharged and discharged 227. What is an underground layer of rock or
sediment that holds water?
222. This is the amount of water flowing past
a certain point at any given time
A. stream discharge
B. stream gradient
C. stream bed
D. stream erosion
223. How does the warm waters of the Gulf
Stream affect the climate in North Car-
olina?
A. See again
B. Groundwater
C. Aquifer
D. Watershed
228. What type of tide is located at point B?
A. It makes it colder and drier

B. It makes it warmer and wetter
C. It makes it colder and wetter
D. It makes it warmer and drier
224. What is erosion?
A. The breaking down of rock
B. The transportation of sediments A. high tide
C. The deposition of sediment B. low tide
D. none of above
229. What is the main source of energy for the
225. Which is NOT a factor that affects deep water cycle?
currents?
A. the Sun
A. Density
B. Color B. fossil fuels
C. Salinity C. clouds
D. Temperature D. the ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 28
230. What is the definition of sublimation?

A. a chemical process where a solid turns
into a gas without going through a liquid
stage
B. the process of a liquid changing into a
gas
A. No, Because the Saltwater is not
231. It refers to the part of a river’s discharge shown
NARAYAN CHANGDER
that is provided by groundwater seeping
into the bed of a river. B. Yes, All water levels are shown
A. Throughflow C. No, Lakes don’t represent the majority

of accessible water
B. Interflow
D. Yes, Ground water and Lakes are the
C. Baseflow most accessible
D. Runoff
236. If a rain drop lands in the ocean, it will
232. Water in lakes and rivers that does not eventually , and return to the clouds.
contain salt-
A. recycled water
B. new water
C. salt water
D. fresh water
233. The measure of the amount of dissolved A. condense

salts in a given amount of liquid is called
B. evaporate
what?
A. desalination 237. Water breaks through a sandbar and be-
gins to flow back down the sloping ocean
B. density
bottom. This is called a
C. convection A. longshore drift
D. salinity B. rip current
234. Pressurized aquifers can create springs 238. The picture shows the ocean floor topog-
when they push water to the surface from raphyWhat is the ocean feature at point
underground. What do we call this kind of Y?
water?
A. artesian
B. reservoir
C. porous
D. runoff
235. Does this graph correctly represent the

distribution of Saltwater and Freshwater A. continental slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 29
B. midocean ridge 243. The force by which a planet or other body

C. seamount draws objects toward its center

D. trench A. Rotation
239. The gravitational pull on the sun and the B. Motion

moon causes the C. Cycle
A. weight D. Gravity
B. current
244. If a stream is carrying sand, large boul-
C. tides ders, clay and small pebbles, which type
D. mass of particle is deposited last as the stream
begins to slow down?
240. How does one find the Streamflow of a
river? A. Clay
B. Sand
C. Large boulders
D. Small pebbles
245. What is the percentage of salt water and

fresh water?
A. 97.4% and 2.6%
B. 90% and 6%
A. By multiplying the area of a channel by
the velocity of the water C. 35 parts per thousand
B. By multiplying the average depth times D. 97%
the velocity E. 2.6%
C. By multiplying the average width times
the depth 246. When water rises and falls twice a day
D. By multiplying the average depth times due to the gravity of the moon, this is a
the area
A. current
241. warmest ocean region
B. wave
A. westerlies
B. polar C. gravity
C. low latitudes D. tide

D. high latitudes 247. A landform that is completely surrounded
242. An ISLAND FORMED by a volcano whose by water and runs parallel to the mainland
peaks BREAK the surface of the ocean. is known as a(n)
A. Seamount A. baymouth bar

B. Volcanic island B. spit
C. Trench C. barrier island
D. none of above D. groin

1.1 HYDROLOGY 30
248. The amount of water vapor in the air 253. represents the greatest source of
freshwater on the planet available to hu-
mans.
A. Ground Water
B. Reservoirs
C. Water Sheds
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Rivers
A. warm front 254. When water falls to the Earth as rain,

snow, sleet or hail, it is called:
B. precipitation
C. humidity A. precipitation
D. air pressure B. condensation
249. The deepest part of the ocean floor is the C. evaporation
A. Mariana Trench D. transpiration
B. abyssal Plain
C. Mid ocean ridge 255. A slowly moving mass or river of ice
formed by the accumulation and com-
D. Continental slope
paction of snow on mountains or near the
250. A layer of water appearing on the out- poles.
side of a cup of ice water soon after it was
A. runoff
poured is an example of:
A. precipitation B. glacier
B. condensation C. distribution
C. transpiration D. aquifer
D. evaporation
251. Water currents carry and release heat 256. Why is upwelling beneficial?
from the to the A. It provides waters where commer-
A. . high latitudes, low latitudes cially important fish spawn or seek refuge
B. equator, poles at some stage
C. poles, equator B. cool, deep water rises to the surface

D. none of the above bringing nutrients for fish which benefits
coastal ecosystems and fisherman
252. What causes surface currents and winds
to follow a curved path? C. fresh and sale water mix to support
unique communities of organisms making
A. Ah tsunami the area very productive
B. the Coriolis Effect
D. it allows scientists to determine the
C. the waves health of the ocean environment and mon-
D. the tides itor changes over time

1.1 HYDROLOGY 31
257. Waves dropping sand on the beach is an A. continental slope

example of what? B. abyssal plain

A. Weathering C. deep ocean trench
B. Erosion D. continental shelf
C. Deposition
261. Turns frozen water into water vapors-
D. Compaction skipping the melting stage
258. Which has a higher retention? A. Sublimation
B. Percolation
C. Transpiration
D. Evaporation
262. Warm air
A. rises
B. sinks
263. A student too several water samples
A. Sample A along an oceans coastline. One water sam-
B. Sample B ple contained much less salt than the other
C. They have the same retention samples. Which best explains what may
have made that sample different?
D. none of above
A. the water sample was taken at low tide
259. Which type of stream channel is shown in B. the water sample was taken in an area
the diagram? of the ocean that was very cool
C. the water sample was taken at a bay
at the mouth of the river
D. the water sample was taken in an area
with large waves
264. What percent of water covers the earth’s
A. Canyon surface?
B. Meandering river A. 87%
C. Braided stream B. 71%
D. V-shape valley C. 61%
E. Misfit stream D. 92%
260. The section of the ocean floor that is flat 265. What is true about an ocean current that
and extends from the shore to beneath the is moving toward the equator?
ocean?
A. It is warm
B. It is fast
C. It is cold
D. It is slow

1.1 HYDROLOGY 32
266. The least chemical weathering will hap- 270. Most of the freshwater on earth cannot
pen when the climate is be used because
A. cool and dry A. it is polluted.
B. warm and dry B. it is frozen in icecaps and glaciers.
C. cool and wet C. it is groundwater that we cannot get
to.
D. warm and wet
D. it is salty.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
267. water that is considered unsafe to drink
271. pollution can be caused by a power
and use
plant discharging warm water into a river.
A. potable A. Thermal
B. non-potable B. Temperature
268. Following the evaporation stage of the C. Salinity
water cycle, the evaporated water D. Aquatic
272. having lots of open space within a mate-
rial
A. evaporation
B. porosity
C. density
D. permeability
273. opening of rain gauge should be at least
above the ground
A. Okay
A. A. Is replaced B. 60 cm
B. B. Forms clouds C. 55 cm
C. C. Precipitates to the ground D. 90 cm
D. Is stored in the lake or stream 274. What alters the density of water?
269. This image would cause A. Salinity and Temperature
B. Wave size and height
C. Wave size and salinity
D. Temperature and wave height
275. The change of a substance from a liquid
to a gas
A. spring tides A. infiltration
B. neap tides B. evaporation
C. quarter tides C. condensation
D. big tides D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 33
276. As the ocean depth increases, how to B. Salinity concentrations stay stable for
temperature and density change? a week after a hurricane.

A. it gets colder and more dense C. Surface salinity drops within a few
B. it gets colder and less dense hours of a hurricane passing.
C. it gets warmer and more dense D. Salinity quickly increases during a hur-
ricane and then sharply decreases.
D. it gets warmer and less dense
282. The draining away of water (or sub-
277. What is the process by which water evap- stances carried in it) from the surface of an
orates from the Earth’s surface and rises area of land, a building or structure, etc.
into the atmosphere?
A. runoff
A. Condensation
B. ocean
B. Evaporation
C. lake
C. Precipitation
D. swamp
D. Sublimation
283. There are over 40 million cubic kilometers
278. The end of a river that flows into another of freshwater on Earth. Why is water con-
body of water is called the servation an important issue?
A. tributary A. Over 99% of Earth’s available water is
B. divide undrinkable due to its salt content.
C. mouth B. The only freshwater that is usable by
humans is contained inside living things.
D. meander
C. Less than 1% of Earth’s freshwater is
279. It is winter time and you are living in immediately available for use by humans.
Wilkesboro and thinking about planning a
D. Freshwater is disappearing quickly
trip to Wilmington, which is located along
due to the melting of ground ice and per-
the coast of NC. Where will it be warmer
mafrost.
this time of year?
A. In Wilkesboro 284. What would a warm, dry air mass be
B. In Wilmington named?
C. They will be the same temperature A. maritime Polar
D. not enough information B. maritime Tropical

C. continental Polar
280. Glacier:a large mass of still ice and land
on snow. D. continental Tropical
A. True 285. How do you measure the depth of the

B. False ocean?
A. Dropping a really, really long rope
281. Which best explains the effects of a hur-
ricane on estuary circulation and salinity? B. LASERS
A. Salinity levels remain the same as be- C. Bouncing sound waves

fore the hurricane. D. Send a diver

1.1 HYDROLOGY 34
286. A deposit that forms on the inner side of 292. Which areas of the ocean have lower
a meander where deposition occurs. salinity?
A. Point Bar A. The surface, and the mouths of rivers
B. Cutbank that flow into oceans.
C. Oxbow B. The bottom of the ocean
D. Headwater 293. Name “Label 1” on the hydrograph
NARAYAN CHANGDER
287. What happens to the temperature of the A. rising limb
ocean as depth increases?
B. make an hour
A. it stays the same
C. peak rainfall
B. it increases
D. falling limb
C. it decreases
D. it increases, then decreases 294. The energy that drives the water cycle
comes from the
288. A steep drop after the continental shelf
A. Sun
is the continental
B. Moon
A. slope
C. Ocean
B. shelf
C. rise D. none of above
D. none of above 295. Use the photo to identify which repre-

sents precipitation.
289. How much of Earth’s surface is covered
by ocean waters?
A. 71%
B. 75%
C. 55%
D. 80%
290. Which would best demonstrate water A. A

movement within the water cycle?
B. B
A. lakes
C. C
B. streams
D. D
C. river basins
E. E
D. oceans
291. Why shouldn’t you drink from a lake? 296. amount of freshwater in ice
A. depth and width A. 2%
B. temperature and pH B. 76%
C. location and depth C. <1%
D. temperature and depth D. over 9, 000%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 35
297. accuracy of rainfall measurement C. the movement of water into the ground
A. 0.1 mm D. water that moves through soil or rock
underground

B. 0.01 mm
C. 0.2 mm 303. Due to the, the total amount of water re-
mains relatively constant on Earth.
D. 0.02 mm
A. photosynthesis
298. There are river basins in North Car- B. cellular respiration
olina.
C. watershed
A. 2
D. water cycle
B. 50 Explanation:This is due to the water cy-
C. 17 cle, which is the continuous movement of
D. 34 water from the Earth’s surface to the at-
mosphere and back again. This cycle en-
299. Which of the following is a measure of sures that the same amount of water is
the variability in a river’s discharge over continually recycled, meaning that the to-
time? tal amount of water on Earth remains rel-
A. Specific discharge atively constant.
B. Hydrograph 304. What type of affects would a cold ocean

current have on a coastal region?
C. Baseflow
A. It would make the air and climate
D. Sediment load
colder.
300. What would MOST LIKELY result if more B. It would make the air and climate
farms were developed along the river warmer.
basins in North Carolina? C. It would have no effect on the climate
A. an increase in average rainfall or air mass around it.
B. in increase in nonnative species D. It would make the air and climate
C. an increase in water pollution colder at night and warmer during the
day.
D. an increase in severe weather events
305. Surface currents are a result of
301. Small erosion patterns that are the begin-
A. Wind
ning of a stream channel.
B. Earth’s Rotation
A. Mouth
C. Density
B. Source
D. All of the above
C. Rills
306. Conduction, Convection, or Radiation?a
D. Trellis
metal rod in a flame
302. Define runoff
A. the process by which water vapor in
the air cools and becomes liquid water
B. liquid water that runs downhill on
Earth’s surface

1.1 HYDROLOGY 36
A. Conduction 311. Label A

B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. none of above
307. What does condensation do?

A. Changes water into droplets
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Causes evaporation from plants
C. abyssal plain
C. Converts clouds to rain
D. sea mount
D. Moves water down due to gravita-
tional pull
312. Which is a result of increased turbidity?
308. What happens as water is taken out of A. Increased visibility of prey
a well over long periods of time without
allowing enough time for it fill back up? B. clogged fish gills
A. salt water intrusion C. increased photosynthesis
B. aquifer replenishment D. decreased arsenic

C. aquifer depletion 313. What symbolizes a rift valley?
D. none of the above
309. Six rain gauges were installed in a rel-

atively flat area and storm precipitation
from these gauges was recorded as 3.7,
4.9, 6.8, 11.4, 7.6 and 12.7 cm respec-
tively from gauges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. A. 6
what is the average precipitation over the B. 7
catchment.
C. 4
A. 8 cm
D. 3
B. 7.5 cm
C. 7.0 cm 314. Which technology is most often used to
D. 7.85 cm map the ocean floor?
A. submersibles
310. In some years there are more hurricans
that usual. This is probably because B. sonar
A. the oxone layer is very thin. 315. Saltiest ocean
B. the ocean is warmer that usual. A. pacific
C. there are more windy days thatn
B. Atlantic
usual.
C. pacific
D. the gravitational pull of the Moon is
stronger. D. southern

1.1 HYDROLOGY 37
316. A large stream of water moving through B. 11:00 am on Wednesday

an ocean
C. 5:00 on Tuesday

D. 11:00 pm on Wednesday
321. Which one of the following answer

choices does this scenerio describe? Dew
collects on the grass early in the morning.
A. transpiration
A. Wave B. evaporation
B. Tide C. condensation
C. Current D. precipitation
D. Wake
322. What percentage of earth’s water is
317. What is letter G FRESHWATER?
A. 75%
B. 3%
C. 97%
D. 25%
A. Mid ocean ridge
B. continental shelf 323. Which of these is not an example of pre-
C. abyssal plain cipitation?
D. Trench A. rain
318. All living things need water to carry out B. clouds

their body processes. C. sleet
A. True D. snow
B. False
324. What is a watershed?
319. The two MAIN types of water found on
Earth are
A. lake water
B. freshwater
C. saltwater
D. river water
320. Tides alternate between high and low A. Water in an area

tides. There is an average of four tide
B. Water that flows into a river or stream
changes each day. If a high tide occurs at
11:00 am on Tuesday, what time would C. Land that water flows over and
the next high tide occur? through
A. 11:00 pm on Tuesday D. Water that is salty

1.1 HYDROLOGY 38
325. What is one way a person can help to 330. How could the composition of these lay-
conserve or save energy? ers affect the groundwater stored in the
A. Drive a big car with no passengers. aquifer in this province?
B. Cut off lights when they exit a room. A. Over time, acidic water could dissolve
the rock, creating larger spaces and in-
C. Brush teeth with hot water.
creasing the volume of groundwater stor-
D. Ask to get driven to school. age.
326. the slope between the outer edge of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Over time, acidic water could dissolve
continental shelf and the deep ocean floor the rock, collapsing spaces and decreas-
A. continental slope ing the volume of groundwater storage.
B. continental shelf C. Over time, acidic water could leach tox-
ins from the rock, contaminating the wa-
C. convection
ter and making it unusable.
D. continental rise
D. Over time, acidic water could leach
327. The energy of the wave moves toward ions from the rock, decreasing the pH of
shore, but the water itself stays in place. the water and making it more drinkable.
A. True
331. Which erosion agent is used to develop a
B. False creep?
328. When water is heated in the ocean by the A. gravity
sun and turns into water vapor.
B. glaciers
A. condensation
C. oxidation
B. evaporation
C. transpiration D. wind
D. none of above 332. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are examples
329. Which of the following is NOT a challenge of what?
to a growing population? A. precipitation
B. infiltrate
C. aeration
D. transpiration
333. Which of the following is an example of

conserving (using less of a resource)?
A. Collect water from warming up the
shower to water plants.
A. Overcrowding B. Recycle your plastics, glass, and met-
B. Housing shortages als.
C. Overuse of resources C. Shorten your showers by 1 minute.
D. Increased food supplies D. Reuse sink water to wash the car tires.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 39
334. What is the oldest province? 338. Rivers, lakes and swamps are all exam-
ples of

A. surface water
B. groundwater
C. aquifers
D. watersheds
A. Coastal Plain 339. River System “B”-generally found in
B. Piedmont rocky areas.
C. Blue Ridge
D. Appalachian Plateau
335. What happened to the total amount of

water during the experiment?
A. Dendritic
B. Rectangular
C. Trellis
D. Radial
A. the amount of water stayed the same
even though the evaporation stage turned 340. At which feature on the ocean floor is old
it into water vapor the condensation stage crust taken away through the process of
turned it back into liquid water. subduction?
B. the amount of water decreased be- A. trench
cause the evaporation stage got rid of all B. mid-ocean ridge
the water.
C. rift valley
336. What happens to the salinity of the ocean D. abyssal plain
near melting ice?
341. Why do oceans have the lowest salinity
A. Salinity Increases near the mouth of a river?
B. Salinity Decreases A. large amounts of freshwater being
added to dilute the salt.
337. A is a manmade lake that is created
when a dam is built on a river. River wa- B. due to the temperature of the water
ter backs up behind the dam. 342. Wetland that looks like a flooded forest
A. lake A. Watershed
B. river B. Marsh
C. watershed C. Swamp
D. reservoir D. Bog

1.1 HYDROLOGY 40
343. What is precipitation? 346. Deep ocean currents are caused by

A. changes in density
B. wind
347. Which of the following landforms is

formed by the deposition of sediment on
the inside of a meander bend?
A. Point bar
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Cut bank
A. The change of a liquid to a gas C. River cliff
B. the process by which water is trans- D. Levee
ferred from the land to the atmosphere by
evaporation from the soil and other sur- 348. Which part of the ocean floor connects to
faces and by transpiration from plants. the continents and is made of sand, mud,
and rocks?
C. Any form of water that falls from
clouds and reaches Earth’s surface. A. shelf
D. Water runs down into the hydrosphere B. slop
C. rise
344. Zach is visiting Hilo, Hawaii. He wants
to collectseashells, and the local people tell D. abyssal plain
him that thebest time to collect shells is at
low tide. The tidesin Hilo, Hawaii, during 349. the process in which water pools in large
Zach’s visit are shownbelow.According to bodies like oceans, seas, and lakes
the diagram, at what time shouldZach col- A. surface runoff
lect shells? B. groundwater
C. accumulation
D. subsurface runoff
350. What term matches best with #6?

A. 9:00 a.m.
B. 12:00 p.m.
C. 3:00 p.m.
D. 7:00 p.m.
345. Which cycle explains the movement of

water through Earth’s systems? A. infiltration
A. phosphorus cycle B. runoff
B. nitrogen cycle C. groundwater
C. hydraulic cycle D. evaporation
D. carbon cycle E. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 41
351. Put the liquids in order from most dense A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
to least dense? B. Rift

C. Trench
D. Cont. Shelf
355. The movement of ocean water far below

the surface is known as what?
A. surface currents
B. deep ocean currents
C. high tide
D. low tide
356. Which of the following is a way of con-

serving water?
A. 4, 3, 2, 1
B. 1, 2, 3, 4
C. 3, 4, 2, 1, A. Leave the tap running while brushing
teeth
D. 4, 3, 1, 2
B. Use a hose to wash the car
352. Climates that are COLD year round are C. Use the washing machine at full load
D. Leave the shower running while soap-
A. Tropical
ing
B. Temperate
357. What is the average salinity of the
C. Polar
world’s oceans?
D. Subtropical
A. 35%
353. What is the best way to conserve fresh- B. 97%
water resources around the world?
C. 3.5%
A. increase the amount of land used to
raise livestock D. 71%
B. use more efficient irrigation tech- 358. The change of water from a liquid to a
niques gas.
354. What is letter G? A. evaporation
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 42
359. Choose the correct option 363. What causes surface currents?
A. Wind
B. Salinity
C. Density
D. Temperature
364. How do clouds form?
A. solar tide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation
B. average sea level B. Transpiration
C. low tide C. Condensation
D. high tide D. Precipitation
365. Which is the most common contamination
360. The process by which molecules at the
source for freshwater resources?
surface of a liquid absorb enough energy
to change to the gaseous state is called A. runoff
A. evaporation B. digging wells
C. melting of glaicers
B. transpiration
D. lightening
C. condensation
366. Which landform is found in the youthful
D. precipitation
stage of a river?
361. Which percentage represents the amount A. Waterfall
of Earth’s water that is found in oceans? B. Meander
A. 3% C. Delta
B. 71% D. Ox bow Lake
C. 97% 367. Which would a scientist expect to find in
a lake that experienced a sudden increase
D. none of above
in nitrate levels?
362. Which has a higher porosity? A. an increase in temperature
B. an increased number of fish
C. an increase in dissolved oxygen
D. an increased amount of algae and
aquatic plants
368. Which best describes the role of the wa-
ter cycle?
A. circulates existing water on Earth
A. Sample A
B. reduces pollution in most of the water
B. Sample B
C. increases usable supply of Earth’s wa-
C. They have the same porosity ter
D. none of above D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 43
369. Near the ceiling of a room the air is A. Warm air sinks over the ocean and
warmer; the warm air rises because of moves onto land.

A. conduction B. Cold air rises over the land and moves
over the ocean.
B. convection
C. The land heats and cools faster than
C. radiation
the ocean heats and cools.
D. none of above D. The ocean heats and cools faster than
370. What is caused by the gravitational pull the land heats and cools.
of the Sun and Moon? 375. What is the best explanation for an en-
A. Tsunamis ergy pyramid?
B. Waves A. It shows the FLOW of energy from one
organism to the next.
C. Tides
B. It shows HOW much energy flows
D. Currents through a food web
371. Sedimenet is deposited as a river enters C. It shows the MEMBERS in a single or-
a lake because the ganism
A. velocity of the river decreases D. none of above
B. force of gravity decreases 376. Streamlike movements of water that oc-
C. volume of water increases cur at or near the surface of the ocean are
called
D. slope of the river increases
A. jet currents.
372. NC climate is moderated by which local B. Coriolis currents.
current?
C. surface currents.
A. East Australain
D. deep currents
B. Gulf Stream
377. Water molecules are attracted to other
C. Antarctic Bottom Water water molecules. They are held together
D. South Equatorial by hydrogen bonds.
A. Adhesion
373. What is the purpose of a dam?
B. Polarity
A. To stop water from flowing
C. Cohesion
B. To create a reservoir to be used for
drinking, irrigation and electricity D. Solvent
C. For people to come visit 378. What is the name of the imaginary
line that runs round the edge of the
D. To make water flow
river/drainage basin?
374. Residents in a seaside town experience A. Confluence
onshore breezes from the ocean during hot B. Stream
sunny days and offshore breezes from the
land during cool nights. How does the C. Source
ocean affect this pattern? D. Watershed

1.1 HYDROLOGY 44
379. Which of the following descriptions BEST B. A pit, hole, or shaft sunk into the earth
describes an asteroid? to tap an underground source of water
A. Chunks of ice and dust that have long C. A hole for planting trees
elliptical orbits around the sun.
D. A shaft for mining
B. Small chunks of rock and metal that
sometimes land on planets. 384. Define the ‘surface current’.
C. Large objects that emit light and pro-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
duce gravity so that objects orbit them.
D. Large rocks that are not planets that
orbit between Mars and Jupiter.
380. Sodium chloride is found in

A. oceans
B. icebergs and glaciers
C. freshwater sources A. The movement of water below the sur-
D. clouds and fog face
B. Movement of water on or near the sur-
381. Which stage does groundwater flow into
face
the ocean?
C. Movement of water caused by animals
D. none of above
385. Which of the following factors deter-

mine the velocity at which a river flows?
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
A. the gradient, or slope, of the stream
A. condensation
B. the channel characteristics:shape,
B. evaporation
size, roughness
C. precipitation
C. The discharge, or volume of water
D. run off flowing in the stream
382. The majority of freshwater on earth is lo- D. the latitude of the river above of below
cated in the Equator
A. Glaciers
386. What type of weather follows a cold
B. Groundwater front?
C. Oceans A. warm weather
D. Lakes & other surface water B. fair and cool weather
383. What is a well? C. very stormy weather
A. A pit for waste disposal D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 45
387. What process brings the deep cold ocean A. Well A

currents up to the surface?
B. Well B

C. Well C
D. All locations should be safe enough for
drinking water?
390. Label A, B, C, D
A. Conduction
B. Global Wind Patterns
C. Convection Currents
D. Temperature and salinity
388. These containers have the same volume A. A, -continental slopeb-seamountC-

of beads which are representing soil par- abyssal plaind-mid ocean ridge
ticles. What is the relative porosity and B. A-continental ridgeb-volcanic islandc-
permeability of each? mid-ocean ridged-trench

cated?
A. underground in aquifers
B. in the atmosphere as water vapor
A. The container on the left has the higher
permeability and porosity C. in lakes, ponds, and streams
B. The container on the right has the D. frozen in glaciers and icebergs
higher permeability and porosity
C. The container on the left has the higher 392. Number 3 Represents
permeability, but they both have the same A. Water table
porosity
B. Zone of Aeration
D. The container on the right has the
higher permeability, but they both have C. Zone of Saturation
the same porosity D. Soil Moisture
389. Red area on the diagram represents a
contamination plume. Where would be the 393. The graph above shows the chemicals
safest place to dig a well? () and/or pollutants that are polluting our
groundwater. Use this graph above to
answer the following question. As the
United States’ population continues to
grow, what is likely to be the greatest
threat to our groundwater?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 46
B. It increases
C. It decreases
D. It goes up and down
398. An estuary is currently 300 acres in size.

Five years ago the estuary was 500 acres
A. Fertilizer (nitrates) in size. At what rate is the estuary de-
B. Sewage creasing each year?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Chemical spills from petroleum A. 10 acres/year
D. Salinity (salt) B. 20 acres/year
394. Characteristic of a mature stream. C. 40 acres/year

A. Straight D. 80 acres/year
B. Meanders 399. The Coriolis Effect causes water to move
C. Become shallower in the Northern Hemisphere and in
the Southern Hemisphere.
D. Murky
A. Clockwise, clockwise
395. Which technology is most efficient in map-
B. Counterclockwise, clockwise
ping large areas of the ocean surface?
A. sonar C. Counterclockwise, counterclockwise
B. submersibles D. Clockwise, counterclockwise
C. robots 400. Underwater mountains that divide the

D. satellites ocean floor into two parts.
A. Rift Zone
396. Which process is demonstrated inside the
red circle? B. Seamounts
C. Ocean Basin
D. Mid-ocean Ridge
401. Which watershed is number 1 on the

map?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration A. Gulf of Mexico
B. North Carolina Sounds
397. As you go to the top of a mountain, what
happens to temperature? C. Chesapeake Bay
A. Nothing D. All of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 47
402. The water that sinks into the soil and is

held underground iscalled

A. Soil water
B. Groundwater
C. Sewer water
D. none of above
A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
403. The picture above shows how a type of found in oceans.
heat energy transfer with the arrows in B. Most of the water available on Earth is
the diagram above. Choose the following not drinkable.
choices that demonstrate how the sun en-
C. Most of the water available on Earth is
ergy from the sun transfers heat to air,
drinkable
land, and water.
D. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
A. Radiation
found as groundwater.
B. Convection
407. the underwater edge of a continent
C. Conduction
D. Condensation
B. trench
404. The following picture is an example of C. continental shelf
D. abyssal plain
408. In areas where upwelling occurs

A. There is a lot of biodiversity
B. There is little biodiversity
C. There are few species of fish present
A. Well sorted sediment D. There are few nutrients in the water
B. Poorly sorted sediment
409. A chain of mountains that run through an
ocean basin which molten rock from deep
405. What percent of Earth is water? within the earth has risen up to form is
A. 71% called:
B. 50% A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. 25% B. Continental Shelf
D. 89% C. Ocean Trench

D. Abyssal Plain
406. The graph shows the distribution of wa-
ter on Earth’s surface.What can be con- 410. What landform can you see in the pic-
cluded from the image? ture?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 48
A. Increase Precipitation over shorter

amounts of time.
B. Increase evaporation
C. Decrease the amount of water on
Earth
D. Decrease the Sun’s energy
A. Meanders 415. What type of ocean water is the dens-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
est?
B. Rapids
A. Warm and Low Salinity
C. Estuary
B. Cold and Low Salinity
D. V shaped valleys
C. Warm and High Salinity
411. Which one is NOT liquid fresh water? D. Cold and High Salinity
A. rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes 416. Warm ocean currents generally come
B. marshes, fresh groundwater, soil from
moisture A. The North Pole
C. saline groundwater, ice caps, ground B. The South Pole
ice. C. The Equator
D. fresh groundwater, rivers, streams D. Both A and B
412. What is letter D? 417. What technology is used to measure the
depth of the ocean?
A. submarines
B. radar
C. telescopes
A. Cont. Shelf D. sonar
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge 418. Why is Lake Baykal so long and narrow?
C. Volcanic Island A. it is really a river
D. Seamount B. not many rivers empty into it
C. it is located in a trench
413. Water held underground in the soil; may
D. no one knows
be a source of drinking water in springs
and wells. 419. Land sinking due to the high volume of
A. Ground water water that is being taken out of under-
ground reserves is going through the pro-
B. Surface water cess of
C. Porosity A. subsidence
D. Permeability B. density increase
414. How could climate change alter the water C. land doesn’t sink EVER
cycle? D. aquifer depletion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 49
420. Is this a land or a sea breeze? 423. What are pebbles and boulders carried in
a stream called?

A. a bed load
B. a suspended load
C. a youthful load
D. a dissolved load
A. land breeze
424. The moon revolves around Earth about
B. sea breeze once every
421. Tiny algae and animals that float in wa- A. day
ter are carried by waves and currents. B. year
C. week
D. month
425. Which best explains why public beaches

and recreational waterways are moni-
tored carefully by local health depart-
ments?
A. to protect future industrial expansion
B. to maintain tourism and economic sta-
A. Nekton bility
B. Benthos C. to protect citizens from potential dis-
C. Plankton ease
D. none of above D. to maintain public health and safety
records
422. The rotation of the Earth causes winds to
bend due to the 426. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
A. coriolis effect A. Earth revolving around the sun

B. doldrums B. Earth rotating on its axis
C. trade winds C. Rising and fallingtides
D. westerlies D. Pull of gravity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 50
427. Condensation is when 432. Porosity is

A. the sun heats up water and turns it into A. how easily water flows through a ma-
water vapor terial
B. water droplets become too heavy and B. the resistance to flow
fall from the atmosphere C. how much empty space there is within
C. water gathers in rivers or streams and a material
then flows into the ocean and lakes. D. a form of chemical weathering
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. water vapor turns into water droplets
forming clouds 433. What causes an increase in density in our
egg lab?
428. A community decides to upgrade its wa- A. Adding salt
ter purification and management systems.
B. Adding Water
What lasting impact could this have on
available freshwater? C. Size of cup
A. It could cause a decrease in water de- D. Size of Egg
mand.
434. A semi-enclosed area where fresh water
B. It could cause a decrease in the water from a river meets salty water from the
levels. ocean.
C. It could cause an increase in water-
borne diseases.
D. It could cause an increase in the fresh-
water supply.
429. water released from plants into the at- A. watershed

mosphere
B. groundwater
A. precipitation
C. ocean
B. evaporation
D. estuary
C. transpiration
435. What does a surface current do when it
D. condensation deflects?
430. What is the longest river in the U.S.? A. Change directions
A. Mississippi River B. Gain speed
B. Colorado River C. Slow down
C. Missouri River D. Nothing
D. Cape Fear River 436. When the density of a substance is higher

than the density of water the substance
431. Bedrock is impermeable by water. in water.
A. True A. Sinks
B. False B. Floats

1.1 HYDROLOGY 51
437. The diagram above illustrates that two

types of currents are found in ocean wa-
ters. Which of the following is the best

explanation for why oceans have two dif-
ferent types of currents?
A. Temperature decreases because cold

water is more dense and sinks
A. Surface currents are caused by wind
B. Temperature increases because cold
whereas deep currents are caused by dif-
water is more dense and sinks
ferences in density.
B. Surface currents are caused by differ- 440. Flooding occurs

ences in density whereas deep currents A. When a severe storm brings heavy pre-
are caused by wind. cipitation
C. Surface currents are caused by tem- B. When impervious surfaces (ex. con-
perature differences whereas deep cur- crete parking lots, roofs, etc.) impede wa-
rents are caused by changes in salinity. ter from infiltrating the ground
C. After a lag time of the precipitation
D. Surface currents are caused by
event (it is not instantaneous)
changes in salinity whereas deep currents
are caused by changes in temperature. D. All answers are correct
441. The highest point of a wave is its

438. How is the amount of oxygen in ocean
water affected by temperature? A. crest
B. trough
A. The amount of oxygen in ocean water
increases as temperature increases. C. wave length
D. wave height
B. The amount of oxygen in ocean water
increases as temperature decreases. 442. What is needed for Condensation to hap-
C. The amount of oxygen in ocean water pen?
decreases as temperature decreases. A. Temperature decreases (colder)
D. The amount of oxygen in ocean wa- B. Temperature Increases (Hotter)
ter is kept constant as temperature de- C. Temperature stays the same
creases.
D. Temperature has no effect
439. Ocean depth increases Salinity increases 443. The man goes to take the hot pot off the
then stove with his bare hands.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 52
448. What happens at D
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. seafloor spreading
A. conduction
D. sea mount
B. convection
C. radiation 449. What is the name given to the types of
D. none of above streams that only carry water during the
rainy season?
444. How do ocean currents affect the cli- A. Perennial
mate?
B. Intermittent
A. Moves ocean pollution to different
parts of the world causing global-warming C. Ephemeral
B. Moves warm and cool air from land- D. Constant
mass to landmass
450. In the picture of the ocean floor, letter D
C. Helps build a stronger and bigger marks what feature?
ecosystem
D. none of above
445. The average annual rainfall over the
whole of India is estimated as
A. 189 cm
B. 319 cm
C. 89 cm A. Cavern
D. 117 cm B. Rift zone
C. Deep ocean basin
446. Why do we use topographic maps
A. Distances
B. watersheds 451. tributary
C. elevation A. a stream that flows into a lake or into
D. basins a larger stream
B. the water that is beneath Earth’s sur-
447. What does the biotic index measure?
face
A. Amount of pollution
C. the path that a stream follows
B. pH of the water
D. the boundary between drainage areas
C. Water quality that have streams that flow in opposite di-
D. Amount of dissolved oxygen rections

1.1 HYDROLOGY 53
452. What is the chemical formula for water? B. 20, 80

A. Is it? C. 40, 60

B. H2O D. 5, 95
C. right
456. A is a flow of water from the ground
D. rights at a place where the surface of the land
453. Describe the general relationship be- dips below the water table.
tween the amount of rainfall and the A. well
amount of runoff represented by C.
B. spring
C. waterfall
D. none of above
457. Pollutants from a highway enter a

stream or creek and travel to a river.
River water tested with the pollutant
A. Direct-as rainfall increases, runoff de- found is called
creases
B. Direct-as rainfall increases, runoff
also increases
C. Inverse-as rainfall increases, runoff
decreases
D. Inverse-as rainfall decreases, runoff
also decreases
A. point source pollutionAvailable space
454. A land area that supplies water to a river for crops
system.
B. nonpoint source pollution.
C. eutrophic pollution
D. riparian pollution
458. Cold Winds that blow from the east to

the west from the North and South Poles
are called ?
A. Tributaries A. Polar Easterlies
B. Watershed B. Westerlies
C. Divide C. Trade Winds
D. Lake D. local winds
455. The coastal zone makes up % of the 459. A student created a diagram of farmland
ocean and houses % of the ocean’s with runoff from cornfields to a nearby
species pond. What was the student probably try-
A. 10, 90 ing to model?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 54
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
464. A permanent surface water source
A. Man-made
A. how acid rain kills pond plants
B. Perennial
B. how pond water is use to irrigate crops
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Ephemeral
C. how fertilizers can get into ponds and
D. Aquifer
cause algae blooms
D. how toxic chemicals from industrial 465. Examine the graph. As temperature de-
wastes can poison pond water creases, what happens to density?
460. Any type of moisture that falls to the

Earth.
A. evaporation
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. transpiration
A. Density increases
461. An underground layer of rock or soil
through which water moves stores water B. Density decreases
is termed 466. the light emitted by organisms such as
A. Aquifer fireflies and deep-sea fishes. the light
B. Water table emitted by organisms such as fireflies and
deep-sea fishes
C. aqueduct
A. glowing
D. Spring
B. bioluminescence
462. presence of abnormally high concentra- C. biochemical change
tions of harmful substances in the environ-
D. light emissions
ment, often put there by people
A. Pollution 467. Which is a bioindicator?
B. Pollutant A. current
B. insect
C. Water Quality
C. rock
D. Turbidity
D. water
463. Where is the altitude the greatest?
468. What effects salinity?
A. Evaporation rates
B. runoff
C. Both evaporation rates and runoff
A. 1 D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 55
469. When enough water vapor in the at- 474. St. Augustine, Florida, and San Antonio,
mospherecondenses it falls back down to Texas, are located near the same latitude.
Earth in the formof rain or snow. However, average winter temperatures in

A. Transpiration St. Augustine are higher than in San An-
tonio. Which MOST influences the milder
B. Infiltration temperatures of St. Augustine, Florida?
C. Condensation
D. Precipitation
470. What percent of Earth’s water is fresh?
A. 3
B. 29
C. 71
A. increased cloud cover
D. 97
B. reduced solar radiation
471. The Vistula River has its spring (begin-
ning) in: C. distance north of the equator
D. nearness to ocean currents
475. the movement of water from surface wa-

ter, groundwater, and vegetation to the
atmosphere and back to the Earth in the
form of precipitation is defination of
A. Hydrology
A. �ywiec Beskids B. Hydrological Cycle
B. �ywiec Basin C. The cycle of air
C. Silesian Beskids D. Precipitation
D. Little Beskids
476. In the hydrologic cycle, which process con-
472. The change in direction as currents meet tributes to a decrease in groundwater?
continents is referred to as what?
A. infiltration
A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration B. evaporation
C. Continental Deflection C. precipitation

D. Corilois Effect D. condensation
473. Hot coffee is stirred with a spoon, the 477. The warm, top layer of ocean water
spoon gets hot due to
A. surface zone
A. conduction
B. radiation B. bio-luminescence
C. convection C. deep zone
D. none of above D. transition zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 56
478. acid in the water A. oil

A. neutral B. saltwater
B. pH C. silica
C. nitrates and phosphates D. freshwater
D. basic 482. Density differences cause which type of
currents?
479. What type of wind is this?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. surface
C. surface & deep currents
D. none of above
483. What should you do if you see or hear a
leaky faucet in your house?
A. land breeze A. Ignore it-drips are no big deal
B. sea breeze B. Do nothing-there is no way to fix a
drippy faucet
C. global wind
C. Ask your parents to fix it
D. tsunami
D. none of above
480. Look at the image and select the term
that best fits label 2 484. The place where new ocean floor forms
is called the
A. mid ocean ridge
B. abyssal plain
C. trench
D. continental shelf
485. Water stored or flowing underground is
called:
A. condensation A. Groundwater
B. evaporation B. Suface water
C. transpiration C. Dirty water
D. accumulation D. Rock water
481. Aquifers are sources for 486. Biotic factors in a biome

1.1 HYDROLOGY 57
A. sand C. stays the same

B. water D. .

C. kinds of birds
491. The sun and heat (temperature) are the
D. air energy sources that fuel the
487. Which has a higher porosity? A. seasons
B. revolution of the Earth.
C. rotation of the Earth.
D. water cycle.
492. Which of the following is true about point

E in the diagram?
A. Sample A
B. Sample B
C. They have the same porosity
D. none of above
488. How are deep currents generated in

ocean?
A. The water at Point E receives some
light from the sun.
B. The water at Point E has the lowest
density levels.
C. Point E has the highest salinity levels.
D. Point E experiences the highest water
temperature.
A. Wind moves the water
B. Differences in temperature 493. Which type of stream channel is shown in
the diagram?
C. Large cargo ships
D. none of above
489. Water that falls on the ground and flows

to a stream or lake is called:
A. Runoff
B. Depletion
C. Recharge
D. Discharge A. Canyon
B. Meandering river
490. As you travel deeper into the ocean, the
pressure C. Braided stream
A. decreases D. V-shape valley
B. increases E. Misfit stream

1.1 HYDROLOGY 58
494. The amount of precipitation that soaks A. When water seeps into the ground.
into the soil depends on
B. When water vapor turns back into liq-
A. how long the rain lasts. uid water.
B. whether or not there are plants
around. C. Water that collects in ponds and lakes
C. whether the soil is wet or dry. D. run off underground
D. all of the choices
NARAYAN CHANGDER
495. Where are hurricanes formed? 499. The area where the ocean meets the most
shallow portion connecting to the land (la-
A. In the ocean with air that is cold and
beled “C”).
dry
B. In the ocean with air that is warm and
dry
C. In the ocean with air that is cold and
moist
D. In the ocean with air that is warm and
moist
496. Why are ocean currents important to
coastal regions? B. Continental Slope
A. They can warm or cool air tempera- C. Continental Rise
tures
D. Shoreline
B. They can bring permeable rock layers
to the surface
C. They can help clay become more per- 500. If a lake has excess levels of phosphates
meable and nitrates in its water, what will most
likely result?
D. They can decrease the water table
A. There will be an excess of fish
497. The movement of cold, deep ocean water
up to replace warm water at the surface B. The water level will lower
is called
C. The temperture will increase
A. The boy
B. a surface current D. The growth of algae in the lake will in-
C. upwelling crease.
D. the Coriolis Effect
501. The process, condition, or result of being
498. What is infiltration? covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
A. distribution
B. salt water
C. aquifer
D. glaciation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 59
502. What happens aftercondensation B. global winds

C. Earth, Moon, & Sun positions

506. Which of the following would be the

MOST dense?
A. cold fresh water
B. cold salt water
C. warm fresh water
A. transportation
D. warm salt water
B. precipitation
C. runoff 507. what is the name of the ocean current
that carries warm water across the east
D. evaporation
coast of the United States?
503. What layer is composed of partially A. Labrador Current
weathered bedrock? B. North Atlantic Drift
C. Gulf Stream Current
D. North Equatorial Current
508. The map shows various water

sources.Which city receives its freshwa-
ter supply directly from the Hetch Hetchy
Aqueduct?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A. Fresno
504. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters B. The Angels
on its coastlines are called:
C. Santa Barbara
A. Ocean Currents
D. San Francisco
B. Waves
C. Tides 509. When the northern hemisphere is tipped
toward the sun, it is in the southern
D. Eclipses hemisphere.
505. Spring & neap tides are caused by A. Winter
A. different densities B. Summer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 60
510. The largest estuary in North Carolina is 515. Which liquid is the least dense?
A. Pamlico Sound
B. Chesapeake Bay
C. Delaware Bay
D. San Francisco Bay
511. What is the name of a the fan-shaped de-
posit that forms as a river pours out into
NARAYAN CHANGDER
a steep valley?
A. Alluvial Fan
B. Delta
C. Suspended Load
A. oil
D. Bed load
B. water
512. How is snow different from the other C. syrup
forms of frozen precipitation?
D. plastic bottle
A. Snow is formed when water vapor
freezes and falls to Earth. 516. What is the daily rise and fall of sea level
at a given place along the shore called?
B. Snow is formed when fog covers the
Earth and freezes.
C. Snow is formed when rain freezes in
the cloud, falls to Earth, and breaks apart.
D. Snow is formed when the sun melts
hail in the atmosphere and it falls to the
ground.
A. wave
513. How do temperature, density, and pres-
sure of ocean water change with depth? B. tide
A. density and pressure decrease and C. upwelling
pressure increases D. barrier reef
B. density and pressure increase and
517. What drives the water cycle?
pressure decreases
A. evaporation
C. density and pressure get deeper in the
ocean B. precipitation
D. the further out in the ocean you go, the C. the sun
more pressure you get D. the moon
514. How is water mainly used in agriculture? 518. Hurricanes develop in regions.
A. wash cars A. Arctic
B. clean mining sites B. Tropical
C. to dissolve pesticides C. Arid
D. irrigation D. None of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 61
519. Infiltration is the following:

A. evaporation

B. water moving through soil into ground-
water
C. formation of clouds from the ocean
D. None
A. Their warms waters help produce a
520. Which students picture shows a Neap warmer climate.
Tide and explains when Neap Tides occur? B. their cool waters help to produce a
cooler climate.
C. Their warm waters help to produce a
cooler climate.
D. None of the above.
525. What is groundwater flow?

A. Pia A. The movement of water unconfined by
B. Dominick a channel across the surface
C. Akeel B. Movement of water from the ground
D. Jan surface into the soil
C. Slow transfer of water underground
521. What causes global winds and convection through porous rocks
in the atmosphere?
D. none of above
A. continental deflection
B. the rotation of the Earth 526. What is it called when plants give off wa-
ter vapor as a waste product?
C. Moon’s gravity
D. unequal heating of the Earth by the sun
522. Evaporation is caused by an in tem-

perature.
A. decrease
B. Increase
523. In a meander, deposition occurs A. condensation

A. On the outside of the meander B. evaporation
B. On the inside of the meander
C. sublimation
C. In the middle of the stream
D. transpiration
D. none of above
527. The study of water on earth-Hydrology
524. Using the map, how do the Gulf Stream
and North Atlantic Drift affect the climate A. True
of northwestern Europe? B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 62
528. What is the density of a substance that 533. Which is an accurate prediction of the pH
has a mass of 30g and a volume of 6 of a lake that receives large amounts of
liters? acid rain?
A. 24 g/l A. 4-5
B. 5 g/l B. 6-7
C. 36 g/l C. 8-9
D. 180 g/l D. 10-11
NARAYAN CHANGDER
529. Without heat from the Sun, the water cy-
cle would
A. reverse
B. not work
C. not be affected
D. none of above
A. runoff
530. How much of the Earth is covered in fresh B. infiltration
water? C. condensation
A. 25% D. transpiration
B. 75%
535. a tide just after a new or full moon, when
C. 97.5% there is the greatest difference between
D. 2.5% high and low water.
A. composition
531. On which kind of day would you expect
B. spring tide
the most evaporation from the surface of
a pond? C. neap tide
A. sunny and hot D. phase change
B. sunny and cold 536. Assume the deforestation has taken
C. rainy and hot place. How will this affect the movement
of water in the the water cycle?
D. rainy and cold
A. Runoff will decreases
532. State the sequence of the hydrological cy- B. Sea levels will increase
cle C. Condensation will increase
A. Evaporation-condensation-precipitation- D. Transpiration will decrease
infiltration-percolation
537. A is an intense storm with strong
B. Percolation-condensation-precipitation-
winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder.
evaporation-infiltration
A. tornado
C. Infiltration-condensation-percolation-
precipitation-evaporation B. hurricane
D. Precipitation-infiltration-percolation- C. thunderstorm
condensation-evaporation D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 63
538. What conditions result in the highest rate 542. In which area would the rate of evapora-
of evaporation? tion be the lowest?

A. Clear skies, high temperatures, low hu- A. Over the ocean
midity, strong winds
B. Low temperature, strong winds, high B. Over the mountains
humidity, clear skies C. Over the rainforest
C. High temperatures, light winds, high
D. Over the desert
humidity, clear skies
D. Cloudy skies, low temperatures, high 543. What is happening at #1 in the water cy-
humidity, strond winds cle?
539. Soil is made of
A. weathered rocks and minerals A. Condensation

B. dead plants and animals B. Evaporation
C. air and water
C. Precipitation
D. all of the above
D. Runoff
540. Which ocean is number 2?
544. This rock may chemically weather easily
because is has many spaces or holes in it
that allow water to seep through it, mean-
ing it is:
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Southern Ocean
541. What is turbidity?
A. The acidity of the water. A. permeable
B. The amount of oxygen in the water. B. abrasive
C. The amount of heat in the water.
C. erosion
D. The clearness or cloudiness of the wa-
ter. D. unchangeable

1.1 HYDROLOGY 64
545. To enter and live in a new country 550. �The study of the distribution, movement
and properties of water on earth and
within each phase of the hydrologic (wa-
ter) cycle.
A. hydrology
B. ecology
C. biology
A. Emigration
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. geology
B. Immigration
551. Wyatt takes a bottle of juice out of there-
C. Urbanization frigerator. He notices that water begins to
D. Industrialization formon the outside of the bottle. Which
of thefollowing explains why the water
546. Water molecules are attracted to differ- started to form?
ent substances that have a charge. An ex- A. Evaporation occurs on the bottle be-
ample would be water sticking to a leaf. cause theroom is cooler than the bottle.
A. Adhesion B. The bottle is freezing because the
B. Cohesion room iscooler the bottle.
C. Polarity C. The bottle is melting because the room
iswarmer than the bottle.
D. Heat Capacity
D. Condensation forms on the bottle be-
547. Why do ice cubes float in a glass of wa- cause theroom is warmer than the bottle.
ter?
552. A group of students were studying the
A. the ice cubes are more dense than the graphs above and trying to answer the
water teacher’s question, “What percentage of
B. the water is more dense than the ice freshwater on the surface is found in
cubes rivers?” One of the members of the group
C. the water is more dense than the glass is sure the answer is 8%, but another
thinks the answer is.0024%. Which an-
D. the ice is more dense than the glass swer would you use to explain the mistake
to the student who is wrong?
548. the rise and fall of the level of water in
the ocean
A. radiation
B. tide
C. infiltration
D. aquifer
549. Wetlands act as a buffer between land

and high water levels and play a key role
in minimizing the impacts of flooding.
A. 0024% is wrong because you just mul-
A. TRUE tiplied.08 and.03 but you were supposed
B. FALSE to divide.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 65
B. 0024% is wrong because you can see C. Transpiration

the 8% right on the graph labeled “rivers.”
D. Valleys

C. 8% is wrong because you have to
find.08 of the 1% of the 3% by multiplying 556. Which resource takes up 97% of the Hy-
all three together. drosphere?
D. 8% is wrong because you have to di- A. Oceans and Seas
vide the 8% in rivers by the 1% in fresh-
B. ice glaciers
water.
C. lakes
553. Select all options which are included in
Evapotranspiration D. atmosphere
A. Evaporation from Soil 557. When water deos not get absorbed into
B. Transpiration from plants and trees soil or evaporate into the atmosphere it
C. Evaporation from water bodies becomes
D. All of the above A. precipitation

B. sublimation
554. What process is occurring at 2?
C. runoff
D. transpiration
558. The supply of freshwater under the

Earth’s surface is known as what?
A. watershed
B. mouth
A. Precipitation C. headwaters
B. Evaporation D. groundwater
C. Transpiration
559. the amount of salt in water
D. Condensation
A. aquifer
555. What are formed when water vapor con-
B. density
denses and come together?
C. salinity
D. convection
560. in India, which of the following is

adopted as the standard recording rain
gauge?
A. Symon’s rain gauge
B. tipping bucket type
A. Clouds C. natural syphon type
B. Mountains D. weighing bucket type

1.1 HYDROLOGY 66
561. An area of permeable rock or soil that is within the cycle; to show evaporation,
totally filled with water. they must increase the temperature.
A. Unsaturated Zone C. To show condensation, the lab part-
B. Water Table ners must maintain a constant tempera-
ture within the cycle; to show evaporation,
C. Zone of aeration
they must increase the temperature.
D. Saturated Zone
D. To show condensation, the lab part-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
562. what causes waves ners must maintain a constant tempera-
A. wind
they must decrease the temperature.
B. gravity
C. rain 565. Total volume of empty space divided by
the total volume of soil/sample is equal
D. density differences to the materials
563. The number of deaths compared to the to- A. capillarity
tal number of people in a population
B. porosity
C. permeability
D. deposition
566. In the water cycle, water changes from a

gas to a liquid during
A. aquifer saturation
B. groundwater infilitration
C. leaf transpiration
A. death rate
B. doubling time D. cloud formation
C. population decline 567. Water moves or flows over the land sur-
D. birth rate face.
564. In science class, lab partners are design- A. Infiltration

ing an experiment that shows the impor- B. Condensation
tant steps of the water cycle. For their ex-
C. Surface Runoff
perimental design, which of the following
procedures could BEST be used to demon- D. Sublimation
strate the difference between condensa-
tion and evaporation? 568. When liquid changes to a water vapor
(gas)
A. To show condensation, the lab part-
ners must increase the temperature A. evaporation
within the cycle; to show evaporation,
B. condensation
C. precipitation
B. To show condensation, the lab part-
ners must decrease the temperature D. infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 67
569. What do we call the temperature at D. To show condensation, water would

which air becomes saturated? fall to Earth’s surface, to show evapora-
tion, water would change to a gas.

A. dew point
B. saturation 573. What is an area’s expected weather over
a long period of time called?
C. fall point
A. weather
D. rain
B. geology
570. This small body of standing fresh water
C. humidity
is called a
D. climate
574. Which of the following questions can best
be answered by the data presented in the
chart.
A. Lake
B. Pond
C. Stream
D. Swamp
571. What is it called when trees get in the A. What are the types of sea water?
way of rain reaching the surface?
B. How does sea water differ from fresh
A. Evapotranspiration water?
B. Interception C. Which “other” elements make up sea
C. Infiltration water?
D. Photosynthesis D. Which two salt elements are the most
abundant in seawater?
572. Two students want to design a lab to
show the difference between evaporation 575. The process by which water is taken
and condensation. They disagree on how up by plants and released into the atmo-
they should conduct it. Which statement sphere is called
correctly identifies these 2 processes? A. condensation
A. To show condensation, the tempera- B. evaporation
ture would be increased; to show evapo-
C. precipitation
ration, temperature would be decreased.
D. transpiration
B. To show condensation, the tempera-
ture must be decreased; to show evapora- 576. How does ocean salinity change within
tion, the temperature would be increased. the first 1, 000 feet of depth? Why?
C. To show condensation, water would (Choose the BEST answer.)
change to a gas; to show evaporation, wa- A. The top layer is less salty than the
ter would change to a liquid. lower layer since the water molecules

1.1 HYDROLOGY 68
evaporate into the clouds taking the salt 581. Which best describes the water found in
with them. estuaries?
B. The top layer is less salty than the A. brackish
lower layer due to evaporation. B. salt water
C. The top layer is saltier than the lower C. freshwater
layer due to evaporation.
D. saltwater
D. The top layer is saltier than the lower
layer since the water molecules evapo- 582. A boundary where two plates move
NARAYAN CHANGDER
rate into the clouds leaving the salt be- away from each other.
hind. A. convergent boundary
577. What are mid ocean ridges and why are B. divergent boundary
they important? C. transform boundary
A. volcanic islands that are still active D. sergent boundary
B. underwater mountain range that cre- 583. Which of these oceans contains the mid-
ates new sea floor ocean ridge?
C. Part of the Himalayan mountain range
D. none of above
578. Water particles in a wave move in a
motion.
A. Straight
B. Circular A. Pacific
579. Identify the ocean at location #2 B. Atlantic
C. Indian
D. Southern
E. Antarctic
584. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the direc-
tion of winds and currents
A. Indian Ocean A. Coriolis Effect
B. Pacific Ocean B. Salinity
C. Southern Ocean C. Surface Currents
D. Arctic Ocean D. Wave Frequency
580. What is the equation to calculate the 585. A gap in a line of breakers is often a sign
amount of discharge from a stream? of
A. Width x Depth x Velocity A. undertow
B. Length x Depth x Discharge B. rip currents
C. Length x Depth x Velocity C. deep currents
D. Height x Length x Depth D. longshore currents

1.1 HYDROLOGY 69
586. A blocked-off meander eventually be- 590. Flat seafloor areas from 3500-6000 me-
comes ters below the ocean surface

A. Abyssal Plains
B. Mid Ocean Ridges
C. Trenches
D. none of above
591. The influence of the moon’s gravity

causes which ocean movement?
A. part of the stream again A. Waves
B. rejuvenated B. Tides
C. Surface currents
C. an oxbow lake
D. Deep Ocean Currents
D. an alluvial fan
592. The amount of energy it takes to increase
587. Evaporation in the water cycle is most af- something’s temperature by 1 degree C.
fectedby
A. Surface Tension
A. the Sun’s energy.
B. Heat of Vaporization
B. Earth’s rotation.
C. Specific Heat
C. human activities. D. Density
D. Earth’s landforms.
593. Which two erosional processes create
588. Which action shows concern for the envi- waterfalls?
ronment with regards to the resources of A. Solution
the oceans?
B. Abrasion
A. Developing technology which will allow C. Hydraulic Action
for an increase in fish harvesting
D. Attrition
B. Allowing factories to release un-
treated wastewater into the oceans 594. list the distribution of water on Earth
from Greatest to Least
C. Filling the oceanfront wetlands in or-
der to extend beachfront properties A. Salt, frozen, fresh, surface, ground
D. Setting limits on fish harvesting in the B. Salt, fresh, frozen, ground, surface
oceans C. Fresh, salt, frozen, ground, surface
589. The biggest factor the affects stream ve- D. Surface, ground, fresh, salt, frozen
locity is ? 595. Process 5 is known as
A. The slope of the stream
B. The amount of people living near it
C. Drought
D. The time of day

1.1 HYDROLOGY 70
A. runoff 600. This is the coldest layer of the atmo-

B. infiltration sphere.
C. condensation A. troposphere
B. thermosphere
D. transpiration
C. mesosphere
596. What is a negative impact of increased D. stratosphere
urbanization?
601. Identify this cloud type
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Pollution is increased
B. People are provided with more job op-
portunities
C. Soil erosion is decreased
D. It releases oxygen into the atmo-
sphere
597. What does salinity refer to?

A. cirrus
A. the temperature level of the water
B. cumulus
B. the depth of ocean trenches
C. stratus
C. the height of the waves
D. cumulonimbus
D. the level of minerals in the water
602. If the Earth’s axis were perfectly vertical,
598. Animals that can use their bodies to make we would not have
light are called
A. Light
A. magic B. Seasons
B. shiny C. Rain
C. amazing D. Heat
D. bioluminescent
603. The process by which water on the
599. Precipitation takes place at ground surface enters the soil.
A. Aquifer
B. Infiltration
C. Evaporation
D. Sublimation
604. Soil is made of
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E

1.1 HYDROLOGY 71
A. weathered rocks and minerals 610. The change of water from a vapor to a
B. dead plants and animals liquid.

C. air and water A. evaporation
D. all of the above B. precipitation
C. condensation
605. Fuels such as are created naturally
over the course of hundreds of millions of D. transpiration
years from the remains of dead marine or-
611. Of or found in fresh water; not of the
ganisms.
sea.
A. coal
A. fresh water
B. nuclear material
B. salt water
C. oil and natural gas
C. runoff
D. wood
D. swamp
606. If an area is experiencing consecutive
days of constant weather, this weather is 612. How is the beach structure below benefi-
called ? cial in protecting recreational beaches?
A. Air-mass weather A. It accelerates sediment loss
B. Warm-front weather B. It creates sand dunes along the shore-
line
C. Cold-front weather
C. It reduces sediment loss and controls
D. Occluded-front weather
erosion
607. What is the primary source of energy D. They reflect waves and reduce flood-
that generates most ocean waves? ing
A. earthquakes
613. What % of earth’s water is salt water
B. wind
C. asteriods falling in the ocean
D. volcanic eruptions
608. What is water that flows along Earth’s
surface to eventually return to a body of
water called?
A. Runoff A. 70%
B. Storm drain B. 85%
C. Surface water C. 90%
D. Wetland
D. 97%
609. What is Salinity?
614. Increasing saltwater intrusion is becom-
A. how much salt is in any given liquid ing an important strategy for North Car-
B. salt on the rocks olinians to increase the freshwater supply.
C. how much salt is in takis A. true
D. none of above B. false

1.1 HYDROLOGY 72
615. Which of the following is a flowing arte- A. Transpiration

sian well? B. Groundwater
A. A well drilled into the water table C. Runoff
B. A well drilled through impermeable D. Condensation
rock into a wide aquifer
621. The model below shows the water cycle.
C. A well drilled through impermeable
What is the purpose of this model?
rock into a narrow aquifer
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
616. As heat energy is added to the water, it

changes from a to a THis is also
called evaporation.
A. solid; liquid
B. liquid; gas
C. gas; liquid
A. to show how severe weather forms in
D. gas; solid
the watercycle
617. What causes the current to rotate? B. to illustrate how water travels from
A. rotation of the earth Earth’ssurface into the atmosphere and
back to Earth’ssurface again
B. gravity
C. to show how Earth’s water formed bil-
C. wind lions ofyears ago
D. erosion D. to illustrate how some water is lost on
Earth assome of it never returns to Earth’s
618. Where might ocean salinity be the high-
surface onceit evaporates
est?
A. In an hot area with little precipitation 622. What is chemosynthesis?
B. Where a freshwater river empties into A. Where bacteria use light energy to
the ocean make glucose.
C. At a very rainy area B. Where plants use light energy to make
glucose
D. In cold, very deep ocean water
C. Where bacteria use chemical reac-
619. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s water tions to make glucose
along its coastlines D. none of above
A. Tide
623. A is usually used to drain the water
B. Climate out of the ground and a screen is used to
C. Wave filter out sand and gravel.
D. Surface Current A. drill
B. spring
620. Water that does not infiltrate into the
soil and stays on the surface is called C. pump
what? D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 73
624. Which beaker in the image has the high- 629. define a wave
est turbidity? A. ocean movement

B. currents
C. tides
D. a rhythmic movement that carries en-
ergy
630. Why does the amount of water on Earth

A. A remain constant?
B. B A. The amount of condensation =
C. C amount of transpiration
D. D B. amount of evaporation = amount of
precipitation
625. Watersheds are built by smaller streams
C. amount of precipitation is greater than
joining into larger ones. What are these
amount of evaporation
smaller streams called?
A. creeks D. amount of evaporation is greater than
amount of precipitation
B. runs
C. tributaries 631. Turbulent flow occurs when a river flows
D. rivers
A. over a smooth river bed
626. Following the evaporation stage of the
water cycle, the evaporated water B. through a lake
A. forms clouds C. through a meander

B. precipitates to the ground D. over an uneven rock surface
C. is stored in the lake or stream 632. These rocks were made smooth by wind
D. none of above blowing smaller rock particles across their
surface. This is an example of:
627. Which word describes water moving
from the ocean and turning into a gas?
A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation
D. Percolation
628. In addition to salinity, what factor af-
fects the density of seawater?
A. depth A. ice wedging
B. latitude B. chemical weathering
C. temperature C. acid rain
D. salt content D. abrasion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 74
633. Which surface would have the most C. Transpiration

runoff after a rainstorm? D. Run-off
637. What percentage of Earth’s surface is

A. covered with water?
A. 71%
B. 30%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 97%
B.
D. 50%
638. Why do the bodies of water in Georgia

C. evaporate more quickly than the bodies of
water in Alaska?
A. There are more hours of daylight in
Georgia.
D.
B. There are more hours of daylight in
Alaska.
634. Explain the different stages of the water
C. The temperature of the water is
cycle.
warmer in Georgia.
A. Sunrise, noon, sunset, midnight
D. The temperature of the water is
B. Freezing, melting, boiling, sublimation warmer in Alaska.
C. Evaporation, condensation, precipita-
639. Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable
tion, and collection
resources because of
D. Infiltration, runoff, transpiration, per-
A. their easy access
colation
B. inexpensiveness
635. How do ocean currents on the water’s
C. combustion
surfacetransfer energy?
D. how long they take to form
A. Currents transfer heat among the trop-
icallatitudes. 640. What is the area of the seashore that is
B. Currents transfer heat from deep covered during high tide and exposed dur-
ocean water toshallow water. ing low tide?
C. Currents transfer heat from warm A. Intertidal zone
tropicallatitudes to cooler latitudes. B. Neritic zone
D. Currents transfer heat from the Pacific C. Open-ocean zone
Ocean tothe Atlantic Ocean.
D. Mid-ocean zone
636. When water vapor s cooled and forms
droplets- 641. Elsa is making a model of Earth’s water.
She used a 1 gallon bucket to represent
A. Condensation the total percentage of Earth’s water in
B. Evaporation the oceans. Which of the following would

1.1 HYDROLOGY 75
she use to model the percentage of Earth’s 646. Which layer is LEASTresistant to weath-
total water found in lakes and rivers? ering?

A. 5 gallon tub
B. 1 gallon bucket
C. 1 cup
D. 10 drops
642. What part of the water cycle is labeled

B?
A. Transpiration
B. Accumulation A. Rockester Shale
C. Evaporation B. Lockport Dolostone
D. Condensation C. Thorold Sandstone
643. Label D D. Whirlpool Sandstone
647. Which action shows concern for the envi-

ronment with regards to the resources of
the oceans?
A. developing technology which will allow
A. continental slope for an increase in fish harvesting
B. continental shelf B. allowing factories to release un-
treated wastewater into the oceans
C. abyssal plain
C. filling in oceanfront wetlands in order
D. mid ocean ridge
to extend beachfront properties
644. Earth’s largest source of drinkable water D. setting limits on fish harvesting in the
comes from. oceans
A. aquifers Explanation:Resources in the oceans
include fish. A healthy food
B. rivers source.Overfishing has become a serious
C. runoff problem for the oceans. Setting limits on
D. photosynthesis the amount of fish being harvested allows
Explanation:The largest source of drink- the fish to repopulate.
able water for people on earth is found in
648. What is the source for most of the water
underground aquifers.
vapor that enters the atmosphere through
645. Most of the Earth’s water is found in evaporation?
A. glaciers. A. land
B. lakes. B. plants
C. oceans. C. oceans
D. rivers. D. mountains

1.1 HYDROLOGY 76
649. Density is 654. water falling in drops from vapor con-

A. the amount of mass in an object densed in the atmosphere
B. the amount of space an object takes up
C. the amount of mass in a given space
D. the weight of an object
650. Water can be pulled upward against grav-
ity in small narrow tubes.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Adhesion
A. drizzle
B. Cohesion
B. rain
C. Capillary Action
C. graupel
D. Polarity
D. sleet
651. What chemical process is most associated
655. Ms Richardson is at the beach. She goes
with Karst topography?
out at noon and sees that there is a low
A. dissolution (dissolving) time. Six hours later she goes back out
B. combustion (burning) and sees a high time. There was a huge
difference in the tidal range (from low tide
C. rusting
to high tide.) What Moon Phase will Ms
D. deposition (laying down sediment) Richardson likely see later that night?
652. A blocked-off meander eventually be- A. Full Moon
comes B. 1st Quarter Moon
C. 3rd Quarter Moon
D. Half Moon
656. Deals with % of open spaces in a given
volume of rock.
A. Aquifer
B. Impermeable
A. part of the stream again C. Permeability
B. rejuvenated D. porosity
C. an oxbow lake
657. In this model of the water cycle, what is
D. an alluvial fan needed to drive the water cycle, to make
653. What causes tides? it work?
A. the gravitational pull of the moon

B. the Coriolis Effect
C. the strong winds blowing across the
oceans
D. the gravitational pull between the
Earth and Jupiter A. Heat

1.1 HYDROLOGY 77
B. rain C. Rivers
C. Salt D. Ponds

D. plants E. Rainwater
658. Where do most of the salts in the ocean 663. Which elements are present in sea wa-
come from? ter?
A. condensation in the clouds A. Calcium, and oxides
B. weathering and erosion of rocks B. Sodium and water
C. precipitation in the sky C. Sodium and Chlorine
D. mass movement of soil D. Calcium
659. A spring forms when 664. In which course is the mouth of the river
A. whenever a section of impermeable located?
rock forces groundwater to move laterally
B. whenever permeable rocks transmit
groundwater freely
C. when a column of water shoots up with
great force
D. when a hole is bored into the zone of
saturation
A. Upper Course
660. Pressure exerted by water vapors when
the air is fully saturated with water va- B. Middle Course
pors at givenTemperature C. Lower Course
A. Vapor Pressure D. none of above
B. Humidity
665. washes agricultural wastes, includ-
C. Air Temperature ing animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesti-
D. Relative Humidity cides, into bodies of water, causing algae
to grow.
choices does this scenerio describe? Large A. Runoff
clouds begin to form over the oceans. B. Peak flow
A. transpiration C. Groundwater
B. evaporation D. Municipal sewage
C. condensation 666. What are the two main gases in the at-
D. precipitation mosphere?
662. Which of the following are freshwater A. Oxygen & CO2

sources? (Check all that apply) B. CO2 & Methane
A. Glaciers C. Oxygen and Methane
B. Oceans D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 78
667. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 672. When a water molecule turns from a liq-
9g and a volume of 3cm3. What is its den- uid to a gas it energy
sity?
A. Gains
A. 3 g/cm3
B. Loses
B. 1/3 g/cm3
673. If you are working in India, and they do
C. 27 g/cm3
not have access to usable, fresh water.
D. 39 g/cm3 How would you help them bring ground
NARAYAN CHANGDER
water to the surface?
668. How are deep currents different from sur-
face currents? A. Drilling a well into an impermeable
layer that is above the water table.
A. deep currents are caused by the wind
B. Drilling a well above the water table
B. deep currents are caused by a differ- that lies above a saturated zone.
ence in density
C. Drilling a well into an unsaturated zone
C. deep currents are warmer of permeable material.
669. driving forces behind weather and cli- 674. What is needed for Evaporation to hap-
mate pen?
A. salinity, temperature A. Temperature decreases (colder)
B. Sun, convection B. Temperature Increases (Hotter)
C. Moon, radiation C. Temperature stays the same
D. Hurricanes, conduction D. Temperature has no effect
670. the process in which water vapor is re- 675. A ridge of land that separates one water-
leased into the air from the leaves of shed from another
plants
A. canyon
A. transportation
B. saturated zone
B. precipitation
C. divide
C. condensation
D. reservoir
D. evaporation
E. transpiration 676. If the maximum depth of a 50 years-15h-
rainfall depth at Bhubaneshwar is 260
671. Which describes the area immediately be- mm, the 50 year-3h-maximum rainfall
low a water table? depth at the same place is:
A. Zone of saturation A. < 260 mm
B. Zone of aeration B. > 260 mm
C. Capillary zone C. = 260 mm
D. Groundwater zone D. inadequate data to conclude anything

1.1 HYDROLOGY 79
677. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater lo- 680. of the worlds fresh water is locked
cated? up in the ice covering lands near the poles.

A. In the clouds A. One-third
B. In the ice caps B. One-half
C. In the ocean C. Two-thirds
D. In the ground D. Two-fifths
678. Which hydrograph, A or B, is more likely 681. The Baltic Sea’s salinity is about:
for a forested drainage basin? A. 0.5%
B. 3.5%
C. 5%
D. 35%
682. What causes surface tension?

A. high amounts of dissolved oxygen
B. polarity of water molecules
C. eutrophication
D. water being a neutral molecule
A.
683. Which human activity adds acid rain to
the water cycle?
A. building homes
B. destroying forest
C. burning fossil fuels
B.
D. desalinating (removing the salt) ocean
water
684. Dom makes a table to compare the per-

679. Its name is derived from Greek Mythol- centage of various gases in the atmo-
ogy. sphere to the percentage of gases dis-
solved in the ocean. His table is shown
below.Which of the gases listed in Dom’s
table is less common in ocean water than
it is in the atmosphere?
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Indian Ocean A. argon

1.1 HYDROLOGY 80
B. oxygen 690. What causes deep currents?

C. nitrogen A. The Coriolis Effect
D. carbon dioxide B. Differences in density
685. A stream with a channel that curves or C. The cold temperatures
loops back and forth on a wide floodplain D. Global wind patterns
A. Wandering Stream 691. What is the measure of the amount of
B. Meandering Stream dissolved salts in a liquid?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Stationary Stream A. density
D. Curving Stream B. salinity
686. How often do spring tides occur? C. density
A. once a year D. Coriolis effect
B. once every lunar month 692. What do we call the addition of harmful
C. twice every lunar month chemicals or materials to a body of water?
D. four times every lunar month A. Air pollution

B. Light pollution
687. Convection is the transfer of heat
C. Water pollution
A. through liquids and gases.
D. Ground pollution
B. through empty space.
693. Overpumping groundwater in coastal ar-
C. through direct contact.
eas can cause to move into aquifers,
D. through liquid and contact. making the water undrinkable.
688. What is evaporation? A. suspended solids
B. hard water ions
C. untreated sewage
D. saltwater
694. What is the primary source of energy
that heats up the oceans?
A. liquid gas A. Sun
B. gas liquid B. moon
C. water solid C. Oxygen
D. solid water D. none of above
689. The density of sea water depends on its 695. What is the best definition of aquifer?
temperature and A. empty space
A. salinity B. a space below the water table
B. turbidity C. an underground river
C. pressure D. an underground layer of permeable
D. humidity rock

1.1 HYDROLOGY 81
696. A stream or other body of water that 702. The rainfall during a particular day was
empties/flows into a larger body of wa- 10 mm. Class-A Pan is installed in this
ter that flows to an ocean describes: area. If water added to Pan on that partic-

A. watershed ular day was 12 mm, find the evaporation.
Take the Pan coefficient as 0.60.
B. topography
A. 13 mm
C. tributary
D. salinity B. 12 mm
C. 10 mm
697. The Mississippi River is an example of a
high body of water. D. 20 mm
A. Permeability
703. What is the main cause of warm ocean
B. Turbidity currents near the equator circulating up to
C. Zone of Saturation the North and South Poles?
D. none of above A. Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis effect
698. Condensation happens because B. Differences in Density
A. The water in the glass seeps through C. Ocean currents
to the outside
D. Global warming
B. The cold glass turns the water vapor in Explanation:The main cause of warm
the air back to a liquid ocean currents near the equator circulat-
C. The water in the cup is changing from ing up to the North and South Poles is dif-
a liquid to a gas ferences in density. Warmer water near
the equator is less dense and tends to
D. of precipitation
rise, while colder water at the poles is
699. Tides are caused by denser and sinks. This creates a circula-
tion pattern known as thermohaline circu-
A. wind
lation, driving the movement of ocean cur-
B. gravitational pull of moon rents.
C. waves gravitation toward land
704. Which of the following is a way to save
D. rain
water?
700. In an ocean, warm water moves and A. Water the lawn at high noon
cold water moves
B. washing half loads of dishes
A. Down, Up
C. taking shorter showers
B. Up, Down
D. running the water while brushing your
701. What percentage of the water on Earth teeth
is salt water?
A. 97% 705. Analyze the image. The red arrows rep-
B. 60% resent warm water rising and the blue ar-
rows represent cold water sinking. What
C. 80% type of heat transfer is responsible for this
D. 1% movement?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 82
710. The physical change of liquid water to wa-

ter vapor is
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
A. conduction
D. none of above
B. convection
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. radiation 711. Which pair represents wide, flat areas of
land?
D. none of above
A. Mountains-Mid-Ocean Ridge
706. When cold water along the ocean bottom B. Trench-Canyon
rises carrying nutrients to the surface C. Plains-Abyssal Plains
A. Estuary D. Volcano-Seamount
B. Tributary
712. Is it the basin organization to which the
C. River Basin state of Colima belongs?
D. Upwelling A. The voice
B. South Pacific
707. What tool measures temperature?
C. Frontera Sur
A. anemometer
D. Lerma-Santiago-Pacific
B. rain gauge
713. Place where a river flows into a large
C. thermometer body of water
D. wind vane A. moraine
708. What percent of Earth’s water is fresh- B. deposition

water C. mouth
A. 1% D. delta
B. 2% 714. What type of tide is located at point A?
C. 3%
D. 5%
709. During the first quarter and third quarter

moons, when the moon is at a right angle,
the monthly tide is a
A. spring tide
B. rip tide
C. deep ocean current A. high tide
D. neap tide B. low tide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 83
715. What ocean is represented by letter B? A. condensation

B. transpiration

C. precipitation
D. evaporation
720. Freshwater is mainly obtained from sur-

face run off and ground water that is
A. Southern continually being renewed and recharged
through the
B. Atlantic
C. Pacific A. Oxygen cycle
D. Artic B. Nitrogen cycle
716. What causes ocean currents in the North- C. Hydrological cycle

ern Hemisphere to curve to the right? D. Carbon cycle
A. Earth’s orbit around the Sun
B. Earth’s spinning on its axis 721. What is the continuous process by which
water moves from the Earth’s surface to
C. Earth’s magnetic field the atmosphere and back, passing through
D. Earth’s force of gravity living and non-living things.
717. From where does most water evaporate? A. water table

A. puddles B. water cycle
B. lakes C. evaporation
C. rivers D. condensation
D. oceans
722. Where does groundwater originally come
718. When drought happen in Malaysia?i.
from?
2005 ii. 2006iii. 2007 iv. 2008v. 2009
vi. 2010 A. Lakes
A. i, iii, v B. Precipitation
B. i, iii, vi C. Glaciers
C. ii, iv, v
D. Evaporation
D. none of above
723. The continual process by which water
719. This is when water falls back down to the
moves from Earth’s surface to the atmo-
earth as rain, hail, sleet or snow
sphere and back
A. reservoir
B. water table
C. runoff
D. water cycle

1.1 HYDROLOGY 84
724. Water covers % of the Earth’s sur-

face.
A. 97%
B. 3%
C. 71%
D. 50%
A. where we find the greatest/steepest
NARAYAN CHANGDER
725. What occurs during the process of conden- slope or gradient (upper course)
sation in the water cycle? B. in the middle section (course) of the
path from being uphill to where it reaches
A. a change in state from solid to liquid
an ocean
B. a change in state from liquid to gas C. where we find the gentlest/smallest
C. a change in state from gas to liquid slope or gradient (lower course)
D. a change in state from liquid to solid D. the speed of moving water in a channel
is the same everywhere
726. Which factor has the greatest effect on a
729. The process where rain water soaks into
community’s stores of fresh water?
the ground through soil and rocks is called
A. the location of the nearest ocean
B. the average annual rainfall A. precipitation
C. the location of the nearest mountain B. infiltration

C. evaporation
D. the average winter temperature
D. condensation
727. At point 1 in the diagram, water from
the equator flows toward the pole. 730. What is the BEST way to improve how
we conserve and use water?
A. Water your lawn during non-peak peri-
ods.
B. Keep the faucet running while brush-
ing your teeth.
C. Monitor your water usage on your wa-
ter bill and fix leaks.
D. Run the washing machine and dish-
washer when you have a small load.
A. warm 731. What feature is shown as #2?
B. cold
728. In which LOCATION of a stream’s path

will we find water traveling the FASTEST
SPEED? A. continental shelf

1.1 HYDROLOGY 85
B. continental slope C. Heat sand and water with a heat lamp.

C. abyssal plain The water will absorb heat faster than the
sand.

D. seamount
D. Heat sand and water with a hot plate.
732. For frost to be on the grass in the morn- The sand will absorb heat faster than the
ing, the water vapor in the air must water.
A. boil and condense
737. The average highest water consumption
B. boil and evaporate at home is for
C. condense and freeze
A. Toilet flush
D. evaporate and freeze
B. Food
733. What does the prefix atmo mean? C. Washing
A. water
D. Shower
B. air
C. earth 738. Which best describes the relationship be-
tween salinity levels and the amount of
D. life dissolved gases in ocean water?
734. What is letter A? A. As salinity increases, the amount of
dissolved gases increases.
B. As salinity increases, the amount of
dissolved gases decreases.
C. As salinity decreases, the amount of
A. Cont. Shelf dissolved gases decreases.
B. Cont. Slope D. As salinity decreases, the amount of
C. Abyssal Plain dissolved gases remains the same.
D. Abyssal Plain 739. How is the beach structure below benefi-

cial in protecting recreational beaches?
735. Two types of water currents are
A. local and global
B. sea and land
C. surface and deep
D. warm and cold
736. Which of the following BEST demon- A. It accelerates sediment loss

strates a sea breeze?
B. It creates sand dunes along the shore-
A. Heat the sand and water with a heat
line
lamp. The sand will absorb heat faster
than the water. C. It reduces sediment loss and controls
erosion
B. Heat the sand and water with a hot
plate. The water will absorb heat faster D. They reflect waves and reduce flood-
than the water. ing

1.1 HYDROLOGY 86
740. Letter D is pointing to the 745. What is the horizontal movement of wa-
ter in a well-developed pattern, such as a
river or stream?
A. Gulf
B. Ocean
C. Current
D. Sea
NARAYAN CHANGDER
746. Ocean currents have an affect on which
C. trench
two things
D. mid-ocean ridge A. climate and weather
741. Select correct version of Darcy’s Law B. temperature and density
A. Q=PIA C. land and sea
B. Q=KIA D. equator and poles
C. Q=CIA 747. Scratches left by a passing glacier
D. Q=AIP A. Moraines
742. Pingos are formed in tropical regions of B. Varve Clays
earth C. Drumlins
A. True D. Striations
B. False
748. all the waters on the earth’s surface,
743. Where is most of the Freshwater on such as lakes and seas, and sometimes
Earth found? including water over the earth’s surface,
such as clouds. = atmosphere
A. Oceans
A. True
B. Glaciers and Ice caps
B. False
C. Lakes
749. The picture shown is an example of what
D. Rivers
type of weathering?
744. This symbol represents what type of
front?
A. cold front
B. warm front
C. stationary front
D. occluded front A. Physical-Root Action

1.1 HYDROLOGY 87
B. Physical-Abrasion C. gravity causes cold, dense water to

C. Chemical-Root Action sink beneath less dense water

D. Chemical-Abrasion D. gravity causes cold, dense water to
rise above less dense water
750. The area of land drained by a river and
its branches 755. Identify the ocean at location #4
A. Aquifer
B. Ground Water
C. River Basin
D. Open Ocean
751. What is represented at point 1?

A. Indian Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Atlantic Ocean
A. wave height 756. What does infiltration mean?

B. wavelength A. When precipitation lands on buildings,
vegetation etc before it reaches the soil
C. crest
D. trough B. The slow transfer of water under-
ground through porous rocks
752. The main driving force of ocean surface C. The movement of water from the
currents is ground surface into the soil
A. the Coriolis effect.
D. none of above
B. centripetal force.
757. Which of the following is the largest
C. wind
reservoir within the hydrologic cycle?
D. gyres
A. ice sheets
753. Deep-ocean currents are driven by B. the oceans
A. differences in soil
C. groundwater
B. differences in the water’s density,
D. the atmosphere
C. differences in nutrients
D. None of the Above 758. On the outside bend of a meander, what
types of erosion cause the river cliff to col-
754. What is the best description of a density lapse into the river? (Select all that apply)
current
A. Abrasion
A. surface winds cause cold, dense water
B. Attrition
to sink beneath less dense water
B. upwelling causes cold, dense water to C. Solution
sink beneath less dense water D. Hydraulic action

1.1 HYDROLOGY 88
759. Which current is a cool ocean current that 764. What does the prefix geo mean?
flows completely around the Earth?
A. land
A. Gulf Stream
B. earth
B. California
C. water
C. West Wind Drift (circumpolar)
D. none of above D. life
765. Which device do meterologists use to pre-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
760. Which provides the largest source of dis-
solved oxygen in the ocean? dict where hurricanes will land?
A. algal growth A. Thermometer
B. coral reefs B. Barometer
761. Surface runoff is most likely to be great- C. Wind Vane
est when rainfall lands on a soil surface
D. Satellites
that is (meaning when would water NOT
infiltrate the soil)
766. An aquifer is a(n)
A. well in which water rises because of
pressure
B. underground layer of rock or sediment
that holds water
C. type of hot spring from which the wa-
A. porous and flat ter periodically erupts
B. porus and generally sloping D. place where groundwater bubbles or
flows out of cracks in the rock
C. impermeable and gently sloping
D. unsaturated and flat 767. Why will a bunch of smaller particles
weather faster than a single larger one?
762. Which property describes water’s ability
to dissolve substances? A. smaller particles have a larger surface
A. Specific Heat area
B. Solubility B. smaller particles have a smaller sur-

face area
C. Cohesion
D. Permeability 768. A wetland is defined as
763. Most of the Earth’s fresh water is found A. An area that is saturated by surface or
in groundwater.
A. the oceans B. saturated soil that can pump ground-
B. masses of ice near the North & South water towards the surface.
poles C. runoff water that is absorbed by sub-
C. lakes & rivers surface of soil and rock.
D. underground rock & soil layers D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 89
769. What is climate? 773. Which type of ocean movement can be di-
A. How much sunshine a particular area vided into 2 groups:surface and deep?

gets A. Current
B. What’s going on with the atmosphere B. Wave
at any particular time
C. Tide
C. An area’s pattern of weather over a
long period of time D. none of above
D. The type of weather that occurs during 774. USGS stands for
a particular season
A. United States Geographical Survey
770. Why does the water cycle occur most fre- B. United States Geological Survey
quently over the oceans?
C. United State Graphic Services
A. Oceans are hotter than land.
D. none of above
B. Oceans have more evaporation than
lakes. 775. Ocean move huge amounts of ocean
C. Oceans cover most (70%) of the water all around the world all the time.
planet’s surface. A. winds
D. Saltwater in the ocean leads to more
B. boats
evaporation.
C. currents
771. Which best describes the soil that will
form an aquifer? D. waves
A. Impermeable soil should be on top of 776. The city’s water treatment plant can
permeable soil clean 5, 000 liters of polluted water per
B. All the soil should be Impermeable hour. How many hours will it take to clean
25, 000 liters of polluted water?
C. Permeable soil should be on top of the
impermeable soil A. 5 hours
D. All the soil should be permeable B. 10 hours
772. What part of the water cycle does this C. 15 hours
picture represent? D. 20 hours
777. Evaporation can only occur in the oceans.

A. true
B. false
778. Who was the host of the Origins video

we watched?
A. Infiltration A. Barack Obama

B. Transpiration B. Neil DeGrasse Tyson
C. Runoff C. Michael Jordan
D. Precipitation D. Carl Sagan

1.1 HYDROLOGY 90
779. Which best describes importance of an 784. Air at the poles is colder and denser so it
aquifer?
A. rises
B. circulates
C. stagnates
D. sinks
A. It holds uncontaminated groundwater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
for human consumption
785. Which best describes the relationship be-
B. It supplies all water for lakes and tween temperature and dissolved oxygen
rivers in a lake?
C. It provides water for oceans
A. As temperature increases, dissolved
D. Its where aquafina bottles their water oxygen decreases.
780. What is the force that pulls precipitation B. As temperature increases, dissolved
to the ground? oxygen increases.
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation 786. You visited the beach at 12 pm (noon)
and it is high tide. If you return 6 hours
C. Transpiration
later what tide will you see?
D. gravity
A. high
781. Which layer of the atmosphere do we live
in? B. low
A. exosphere C. none
B. thermosphere D. spring
C. mesosphere
D. troposphere 787. What is the longest mountain chain in the
world and is located in the ocean called?
782. What can humidity affect humans?
A. The Himalayas
A. It can make hair frizz (get bigger).
B. It can make you feel cold. B. Mount Everest
C. It can give you a headache. C. The Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. None of the above D. The Oceanography
783. what is the effect of a tide
A. high tides and low tides based on the 788. What type of heat transfer moves
position of the sun through a solid by direct contact (touch)?
B. high tides low tides based on the posi- A. conduction

tion of the moon
B. convection
C. high tides low tides change every 6
hours C. radiation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 91
789. A tide occurs when the sun and the C. Blows surface water away from the
moon are nearly aligned pulling on the shore
earth causing the largest difference be-

D. Meets the force of currents flowing in
tween water levels at high and low tides. a different direction
A. spring
794. How can upwellings improve fishing for
B. high ocean fishermen?
C. low A. hey cause the ocean water to get
D. neap warmer.
790. The most common form of precipitation in B. They cause ocean currents to remain
the summer is calm.
A. Rain C. They bring nutrients from the cold,
deep ocean waters.
B. Snow
D. They bring ocean currents from the
C. Sleet
equator.
D. Hail Explanation:Upwellings is the term where
deep ocean currents bring nutrients from
791. Which feature is number 1 on this pic-
the cold, deep for fish to feed on.This at-
ture?
tracts small fish, which attract larger fish,
which attract even larger fish. Therfore,
upwellings are great for fishing.
795. Use the pie chart above identifying ways

that Georgia could use less water from the
Chattahoochee River. Which conservation
A. Cut bank methods would likely have the greatest
impact on reducing the amount of water
B. Alluvial fan that Georgia needs to use from the Chat-
C. Point bar tahoochee River?
D. Delta
792. What is the source of most of the salt in
the ocean?
A. rocks on lands
B. human activities
C. wind
D. fish
A. Washing full loads of laundry and
793. An earthquake causes a tsunami because dishes
the force from the quake? B. Watering plants and lawns wisely
A. Pushes a large body of water up from along with taking shorter showers
the ocean floor C. Installing low-flow or no-flow toilets
B. Pulls water down toward the source of and turning off faucets while brushing
the quake teeth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 92
D. Taking shorter baths and using paper D. As nutrients decrease, the number of
plates instead of washing dishes. life-forms stays the same.
796. What is the relationship between ground- 800. Water that collects in underground soil is
water and surface water? called
A. Surface water percolates (moves) A. fossil fuel
through the soil to form groundwater. B. minerals
B. There is no relationship between sur- C. biosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
face and groundwater.
D. groundwater
C. Groundwater filters through the soil to
form surface water. 801. Which of the following is not a cause of
D. Surface water is found in lakes directly the reduction of natural discharge?
above underground water sources. A. Deforestation
797. Water has a much higher specific heat B. Development of urban areas
than most other covalent compounds. C. Overuse of water by industries
What do you predict might happen if water D. Intense rainfall
had a low specific heat instead?
A. Flooding would occur and animals 802. How much water is flowing in a
would be forced to migrate stream/river
B. Harmful organisms living in water A. Discharge
would reproduce at a rapid rate B. Evapotranspiration
C. Organisms that are sensitive to C. Precipitation
changes in temperature would die D. Hydrology
D. Plants would not have enough water to
effectively carry out photosynthesis 803. Which factor in their experiment affects
the density of the water?
798. the release of the water into theatmo-
sphere from plants.
A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Transpiration A. type of eggs
D. Evaporation B. amount of salt
799. Which accurately describes the relation- C. size of beakers

ship between nutrients and lifeforms in an D. amount of water
estuary?
804. Which among the drainage patterns look
A. As nutrients increase, the number of like a tree?
life-forms increases.
A. Trellis
B. As nutrients decrease, the number of
life-forms increases. B. Rectangular
C. As nutrients increase, the number of C. Radial

life-forms stays the same. D. Dendritic

1.1 HYDROLOGY 93
805. The sun heats up surface water, causing 810. Where is most of Earths solid water
evaporation. The water vapor then rises found?
into the air creating

A. at the poles
A. rain
B. in lakes
B. ice
C. in oceans
C. fog
D. in rivers and streams
D. humidity
806. As you descend into the ocean, 811. What is a high tide?
A. temperature and pressure increase
B. pressure decreases, temperature in-
creases
C. temperature decreases, pressure in-
creases
D. pressure and temperature decrease
A. When the water level is at the highest
807. What is the healthy pH level for potable
point
water?
A. 14 B. When the water level is at the lowest
point
B. 1
C. When the beach is full of people
C. 5
D. 7 D. none of above
808. What step of the Water Cycle is letter F? 812. The diagramis a cross-sectional view of
rain falling on a farm field and then mov-
ing to the water table Which word best
describes the movement of the rainwater
through zone A?
A. surface runoff
B. transpiration
C. evaporation
D. accumulation
809. upper surface of zone of saturation
A. water table A. Saturation
B. zone of saturation B. Runoff

C. Artesian wells C. Precipitation
D. none of above D. Infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 94
813. How does the Gulf Stream affect the cli- C. Picture C
mate of Europe? D. Picture D
A. By cooling it off
818. Pollution
B. By warming it up
A. is harmful materials put into the envi-
C. By making it dry ronment
D. By making it snow B. found in air, water, and land
NARAYAN CHANGDER
814. Water sticking to other objects. C. effects plants, animals, and people
A. Adhesion D. All of the above
B. Cohesion 819. How many hydrogen atoms are in one
C. Nalencion molecule of water?
D. Polarity A. 1
B. 2
815. Which of these is not a characteristic of
Karst Topography? C. 3
A. Sinkhole D. 4
B. Cavern 820. The amount of water on Earth has , in
C. Tropical Forests the last billion years.
D. Cave A. Decreased
B. Increased
816. When water evaporates it eventually
cools and forms a cloud. This is known as C. Stayed the same
A. Evaporation D. Doubled
B. Condensation 821. What is the next stage after condensa-
C. Precipitation tion in the water cycle?
D. Transpiration A. CONDENSATION
B. GROUNDWATER
817. In which picture is the person experienc-
ing the highest tide? C. PRECIPITATION
D. RUN OFF
822. Different relative positions of the sun,

the moon, and Earth have different effects
on Earth’s oceans. Which model shows the
positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth
that have the greatest effect on ocean
tides?
A.
B.
A. Picture A C.
B. Picture B D. tags112.20.b.7.C

1.1 HYDROLOGY 95
823. The following diagram represents the wa- C. in areas with the highest tempera-
ter cycle:What process is represented by tures
point 3?

D. in areas where there is little rainfall
827. Which of the following best describes ad-

hesion?
A. Water sticking to other water
molecules
B. Rain falling from the sky
A. Condensation
C. Rain soaking into the ground to be-
B. Transpiration come groundwater
C. Evaporation D. Dew sticking to grass in the early
D. Infiltration morning
824. What is the property of water that al- 828. Write the correct letter to represent
lows it to move water from the roots of runoff
a tree to the leaves for evaporation?
A. D
A. Cohesion-surface tension
B. B
B. Cohesion-capillary action
C. C
C. Adhesion-surface tension
D. E
D. Adhesion-capillary action
825. If a 10 ft by 4 ft river is flowing at the 829. Which continent is located at #3?

rate of 5 ft/sec, what is its discharge?
A. 200 cfs
B. 20 cfs
C. 40 cfs
D. 400 cfs
A. Australia
826. Which part of the ocean would have the
lowest salinity? B. Asia
A. in areas near melting glaciers C. Europe
B. in areas near the equator D. South America

1.1 HYDROLOGY 96
830. What do we call a full body of groundwa- 835. What can effect the size of a wave? (se-
ter? lect all that apply)
A. aquifer A. The speed of the wind
B. zone of groundwater B. The strength of the current
C. zone of saturation C. The distance of the wind
D. water table D. The duration of the wind (the amount
of time it is windy for)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
831. Which of the pictures involves kinetic me-
chanical energy that is converted into elec-
836. large sandbars that are above sea level
trical energy?
and create a parallel boundary just off the
coast
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A. Sandbar
832. Which process does not lead to a de- B. Splits
crease in the salinity of seawater?
C. Barrier Islands
A. runoff from land
D. Seawall
B. precipitation
E. Breakwaters
C. evaporation
D. sea ice melting 837. The amount of water passing a point in
a river in a certain period of time is called
833. This type of ocean motion is caused by
differences in salinity and temperature
A. base flow
A. surface currents
B. discharge
B. waves
C. permanent flow
C. deep ocean currents
D. none of above
D. tsunami
834. The process by which water on the 838. Narrow, steep-sided clefts in the ocean
ground surface enters the soil floor are called a/an:
A. Groundwater Recharge A. Abyssal Plain

B. Infiltration B. Volcanic Island
C. Percolation C. Continental Shelf
D. None of the above D. Ocean Trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 97
839. Forms of water vapor that are heavy A. Tributary

enough to fall to the Earth’s surface such B. Water Shed
as rain, snow, sleet, hail, and fog

C. Confluence
A. Condensation
D. Mouth
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation 843. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
D. Evaporation A. the pull of the Moon

B. Earth’s rotation (spin)
840. What does the deep ocean basin consist
of? C. Different densities
A. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift D. Position of the Earth, Moon, & Sun
valleys, trenches and seamounts 844. Water that stands or flows across the
B. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift Earth’s surface.
valleys, trenches and the continental
shelf.
C. Continental shelf and the continental
slope
D. Abyssal plain, seamounts, continental
shelf and continental slope
841. A river or stream flowing into a larger A. Groundwater

river or lake.
B. Surface water
C. Runoff
D. Divide
845. What are septic tanks?

A. Tanks used for fish farming
B. Tanks used for storing drinking water
A. Aquifer C. Tanks used to hold waste from homes
B. Intertidal Zone when a sewer line is not available
C. Estuary D. Tanks used for irrigation purposes
D. Tributary 846. If a person dumps oil down the drain by

their home (even miles away), it can end
842. What is the name of the point where a up in far away places like a bay or ocean.
river ends?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 98
A. True 851. The white line in the image above runs

B. False along the top of the mountain ridge. What
is the name of this location?
847. Which has a higher retention?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. watershed
B. spring
C. divide
A. Sample A D. tributaries
B. Sample B 852. Seawateristypicallydenserthanfreshwaterduetoseawater’s-

C. They have the same retention
D. none of above
848. A chain of volcanic islands or mountains.

A. mid-ocean ridge
B. volcanic island
C. seamounts A. Greater depth
D. volcanic arc B. Lower freezing point
849. Which physical property of ocean water C. Smaller mass

is determined by the salinity and tempera- D. Higher salinity
ture of ocean water?
853. Which is a non-point source of pollution?
A. mass
A. toxic waste given off by a chemical re-
B. density
search facility
C. volume
B. exhaust from car tailpipes
D. light
C. emissions ejected from smokestacks
850. A current is responsible for creating D. fertilizers washed away from farm-
a relatively cool climate along the coast lands by runoff
of California all year long, when compared
with temperatures inland. 854. Local water budgets can be effected by
A. warm water A. Temperature and precipitation
B. freezing water B. Population
C. cold water C. Farming
D. salt water D. All of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 99
855. What 2 factors influence density? A. they travel from one crest to another
A. Temperature and Salinity (salt) B. they move in opposite direction of the

B. Temperature and color wave
C. Salinity (salt) and color C. they rise and fall in a circular motion
D. none of above D. they move back and forth
856. The total amount of water on Earth 861. Students want to model the water cy-
cle. They conduct an experiment. Which
A. Is increasing because of precipitation. statement below correctly explains How
B. Changes constantly due to the they would show condensation and evap-
weather. oration?
C. Is decreasing because water is con-
sumed and evaporated.
D. Is fairly constant because what is
evaporated comes back as precipitation.
857. What is water held underground in the

soil or in pores and crevices in rock?
A. Aquifer
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater A. Evaporation would have to be shown
D. Lake with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and condensation would have to be
858. What percentage of Earth’s water is shown with hot water to increase the tem-
freshwater? perature
A. 2.5% B. Condensation would have to be shown
B. 7.5% with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and evaporation would have to be
C. 3.0%
shown with hot water to increase the tem-
D. 3.6% perature
859. The salinity of ocean water may vary be- 862. Which statement is MOST accurate about
cause almost all of the Earth’s rivers flow the distribution of water on Earth?
into oceans. Rivers decrease the salinity
of ocean water just the same as
A. precipitation
B. freezing
C. evaporation
D. swimming A. Most freshwater on Earth is found in
860. Which statement correctly describes the ice caps and glaciers.
motion of water particles due to the action B. Most freshwater on Earth is groundwa-
of waves? ter.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 100
C. Most water on Earth is freshwater. 867. Water molecules are stored in the atmo-
D. 98% of all water on Earth is freshwa- sphere as what state of matter?
ter. A. Solid
863. When water is stopped vegetation and B. Liquid

evaporated back to the atmosphere, never C. Gas
reaching the ground. D. Vapor
A. Interception E. All states of matter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Infiltration
868. Underwater volcanoes/mountains are
C. Transpiration called:
D. Precipitation A. Abyssal Plain
864. What is all the water that runs off the B. Mid-Ocean Ridges
surface of the land and washes into rivers, C. Seamounts
streams, and other waterways called?
D. Ocean Trenches
869. What step of the water cycle does the ice

represent?
A. Runoff
B. Storm Drain
C. Surface Water
D. Tributary
865. Which is the opposite of condensation?

A. runoff
B. evaporation A. Precipitation
C. precipitation B. Condensation
D. transpiration C. Evaporation
D. Transpiration
866. Upwelling is associated with
A. a decrease in access to nutrients for 870. The partial negative charge on the O of
phytoplankton one molecule can form a bond with the par-
tial positive charge on the hydrogens of
B. cooler, nutrient-rich waters being other molecules. Water molecules are also
pushed up from deeper ocean waters attracted to other polar molecules and to
C. temperature gradients moving water ions. This phenomenon occurs due to exis-
from the equator to the poles tence of a certain type of bond called
D. an increase in human fatalities A. hydrogen bond

1.1 HYDROLOGY 101
B. covalent bond 876. Where is MOST of Earth’s fresh water lo-

cated?
C. ionic bond

A. groundwater
D. van der Waals forces
B. glaciers
871. When water rises to the surface under C. aquifers
pressure
D. surface water
A. ground water
877. After a thunderstorm, all the puddles dis-
B. Artesian Wells appear.
C. springs A. Evaporation
D. none of above B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
872. A resource that is not easily replaced
D. Transpiration
A. Renewable
878. Which answer below would create the
B. Nonrenewable
MOST surface water runoff after a rain-
873. Choose the correct option storm?
A. Spring Tide A. If gentle rain fell on a dense forest

B. Neap Tide B. If a spring shower lasted only 2 min-
utes
874. Which of the following best describes the C. If it rained at the beach
primary cause of wave formation?
D. If a rainstorm occurred on clay soil
A. wind
879. The image shows the stages in the water
B. gravitational pull of the moon
cycle. Which letter shows the stage when
C. tsunamis water is heated and turns into water va-
por as evaporation?
D. tidal fluctuations
875. Which contains the greatest (total)

amount of Earth’s freshwater?
A. Groundwater
B. Lakes and rivers
C. Oceans and seas
D. Glaciers and polar ice caps A. W

1.1 HYDROLOGY 102
B. X 885. A measure of how suitable water may be

C. Y for drinking
D. Z A. potability
B. salinity
880. The is a surface current that flows
along the eastern US and brings warm wa- C. aquifer
ter to Europe. D. turbid
A. California Current
NARAYAN CHANGDER
886. Water flows under natural pressure with-
B. Gulf Stream Current out pumping. It is dug or drilled wherever
a gently dipping, permeable rock layer
C. North American Gyre
(such as sandstone) receives water along
D. Arctic Current its outcrop at a level higher than the level
of the surface of the ground at the well
881. What term is the measure of dissolved
site.
salts in water?
A. ordinary well
A. Temperature
B. subsidence
B. Salinity
C. artesian well
C. Saltiness
D. springs
D. Tides
887. Renewable resources are natural re-
882. Moisture carried through plants from the sources that can be replenished in a short
roots to the pores on the leaves and re- period of time.
leasing water vapor into the atmosphere
A. Coal, Natural Gas, Oil, Nuclear
A. Infiltration
B. Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Biomass,
B. Aquifer Water
C. Transpiration
888. Water can pass through a sandstone sam-
D. Estuary ple because the sample is
883. Which of the following contains Salt wa- A. Permeable
ter? B. Well compacted and cemented
A. oceans C. Organic in origin
B. groundwater D. Composed of pebble-sized particles
C. raindrops
889. In the picture of the ocean floor, letter B
D. polar ice caps marks what landform?
884. I want to learn more about
A. how to do a pumpingtest
B. how to install piezometers
C. how to analyse the piezometer data
D. how to make graphs in Excel
E. how to calculate a water balance A. Rift zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 103
B. Ocean basin
C. Continental slope

D. Continental shelf
890. The buildup of water on top of land when

all available pore spaces in the ground are
filled with water and/or an overflow of a
stream channel’s banks
A. flood
A. B
B. permeability B. C
C. ocean currents C. D
D. runoff D. E
E. F
891. The top of the groundwater’s zone of
saturation-E 894. The soil layer labeled number 1 is-
A. Zone of Aeration A. Bedrock

B. Aquifer B. Topsoil
C. Surface water C. Partially Weathered Bedrock

D. Subsoil
D. Water table
895. Which direction do hurricanes turn in the
892. Watershed:the land area that supplies Northern Hemisphere?
water to a river system. A. clockwise
A. True B. counterclockwise
B. False 896. Atmospheric conditions comprise the
state of the atmosphere in terms of tem-
893. Use the image to identify the South Coast perature and wind and clouds and precipi-
watershed. tation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 104
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. atmospheric conditions
D. evaporation
897. An intermittent stream

A. is a stream that flows all year long. A. Land breeze-daytime
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. is a stream that flows during part of B. Land breeze-nighttime
the year but not others.
C. Sea breeze-daytime
C. is a stream that only flows during or
shortly after a storm. D. Sea breeze-nighttime
D. is a stream that is above the water ta- 902. Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide are the
ble and adds water to the ground. dissolved gases in ocean water.
E. is a stream that sits below the wa- A. Least abundant
ter table and gets more water from the B. Most abundant
aquifer.
C. Smallest
898. Water that falls from clouds is called D. Least important
A. evaporation
903. Wind blows when temperature differ-
B. condensation ences increase between two areas of pres-
C. precipitation sure
D. runoff A. slower
B. faster
899. A region drained by, one that contributes
to, a stream, lake, bay, or other body of 904. When water contains more dissolved
water is solids, or salts, the water
A. Watershed A. becomes more dense
B. Aquifer B. becomes less dense
C. Subsurface flow C. has less mass
D. Recharge zone D. has more volume
900. The transported material in a river is 905. Explain the importance of upwelling to
called ? ocean life.
A. sediment A. brings nutrients from the deep ocean
to the surface
B. load
B. it allows animals to find new homes
C. discharge
C. causes density changes that circulate
D. laminar flow
temperature
901. What kind of breeze is this what time of D. brings nutrients from the surface to
day/night would it form? the deep ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 105
906. Is a cloud a gas or liquid?

A. gas

B. liquid
907. The bulge of water on the side of the

Earth closest to the moon produces
A. high tide
B. low tide
C. neap tide
D. spring tide A. Bedrock
B. Plankton
908. Which of the following processes in-
crease the density of ocean water? C. Impermeable
A. Warm winds increase the water tem- D. Salinity
perature.
912. Where does condensation occur (forming
B. Evaporation of surface water leaving the clouds)?
solids behind.
A. Hydrosphere
C. Melting water from thawing ice flows B. Geosphere
into the ocean.
C. Lithosphere
D. Warm water rises from deep currents
D. Atmosphere
to replace water leaving surface currents.
913. What causes an object to sink in a water?
909. Which of the following would have the
lowest salinity?
A. Middle of the Ocean
B. Mouth of a river
C. Dead Sea
D. Bottom of a trench
910. Why do waves increase in height as they

approach the shore?
A. if the object’s density is less than the
A. waves are forced into inlets
water’s density.
B. water particles speed up B. if the object’s density is the same as
C. water density increases water’s density.
D. they interact with ocean floor C. if the object’s density is greater than
water’s density.
911. The solid layer of rock beneath the soil. D. if the object’s density is zero

1.1 HYDROLOGY 106
914. What term matches best with #2? 919. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di-
rection of winds and currents. → compo-
sition
A. True
B. False
920. A tide occurs when the moon, sun,

and Earth are aligned. This is a period
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of the highest high tides and lowest low
A. infiltration
tides.
B. precipitation
A. neap
C. condensation B. spring
D. groundwater C. slack water
E. transpiration D. ebb
915. Water that is located in the ground in the 921. What does label A represent in the pic-
pores within rock is called ture?
A. watershed
B. surface water
C. groundwater
D. water cycle A. continental slope
916. What watershed are we a part of? B. continental shelf

C. abyssal plain
A. Caledonia
D. sea mount
B. Pacific
C. Gulf 922. Does the Amount of water on Earth
change?
D. Mississippi
A. Yes because when water is heated it
917. The process through which water moves will evaporate and decrease the amount
between the oceans, sky and land. of water on Earth.
B. Yes because when water is heated it
A. Hydrologic Cycle
will precipitate and decrease the amount
B. River Cycle of water on Earth.
C. Life Cycle C. No because when water is heated it
will evaporate and decrease the amount
D. Cloud Cycle
of water on Earth but precipitation returns
the water back to Earth.
918. A large stream of moving water that
flows through the oceans. D. No because when water is heated it
will condense and decrease the amount of
A. Current
water on Earth but precipitation returns
B. Salinity the water back to Earth.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 107
923. On Earth heat(s) up faster than 926. Area between the water table and the
surface that can still hold water
A. oceans, rivers

A. zone of saturation
B. north pole, south pole
B. zone of aeration
C. land, water
C. water table
D. water, land D. none of above
924. The baby chickens are kept warm from 927. Which statement is best supported by the
the heat lamps demonstrates what type information presented in the diagram of
of heat transfer? the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt?
A. Warm water flows on the bottom near

the ocean floor, and cool water flows on
the top near the ocean surface.
B. Cold, salty water flows along the bot-
A. conduction tom of the ocean floor, and warm, less
salty water flows along the surface.
B. convection
C. The water near the northern hemi-
C. radiation sphere is warmer than the water in the
southern hemisphere.
D. none of above
D. Warm salty water flows along the bot-
925. What evidence supports a meteorite im- tom of the ocean floor, and cold less salty
pact 65mya caused the dinosaur extinc- water flows along the surface.
tion?
928. a smooth, nearly flat region of the deep
ocean floor
A. abyssal plain
B. guyot
C. rift
D. mid-ocean ridge
929. What type of weathering does not
change the composition of a rock?
A. 65myo iridium from the meteorite
A. chemical weathering
B. 65myo crater found B. dissolution
C. No dinosaur fossils younger than 65my C. mechanical weathering
D. These are all evidence D. oxidation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 108
930. Johnny accidentally grabbed the handle 935. If the local environment is covered in
of the hot pot. plants, what happens to erosion?
A. It speeds up
B. It stays the same
C. It stops
D. It slows down
936. Surface water hydrology
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Flow and occurrence of water on the
surface of the earth
B. Study of the atmosphere including
A. conduction weather and climate
B. convection C. Flow and occurrence of ground water
C. radiation D. none of above
D. none of above 937. What is an area of land drained by a main
river and its tributaries?
931. Surface water:the bottom layer of a body
of water. A. Watershed
B. Bath Tub
A. True
C. River Basin
B. False
D. Water Cycle
932. A neap tide is a tide with the greatest
difference between low and high tides 938. approximately what percent of earth wa-
ter is salt water
A. true
A. 87
B. false
B. 79
933. Permeable rock layers or sediments that C. 97
transmit groundwater freely are called
D. 9
A. aquitards 939. Approximately how much of Earth’s sur-

face is covered by water?
B. aquifers
A. 50%
C. springs
B. 30%
D. caverns
C. 70%
934. If a city has a surplus of water, what D. 40%
does that mean?
940. The kind of heat transfer that travels
A. There is not enough water
through space in electromagnetic waves is
B. There is just the right amount of water
C. There is more than enough water A. insulation.
D. none of above B. Radiation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 109
C. Conduction C. the type of rock found at the surface

D. Convection D. all of the above

941. A student takes a bottle of cold water 945. Evaporation happens when the sun
from the refrigerator and leaves it on the water and turns it into vapor.
counter. Ten minutes later, the student no-
ticed there is now water on the outside
of the bottle. What scientific phenomenon
explains the water on the outside of the
bottle?
A. Condensation because the tempera-
ture of the air nearest the bottle in-
creased causing water droplets to form
B. Condensation because the tempera-
ture of the air nearest the bottle de-
A. cools
creased causing the water droplets to
form B. heats up
C. Evaporation because the temperature C. freezes
of the air nearest the bottle increased
D. lights up
causing the water droplets to form
D. Evaporation because the temperature 946. What percentage of Earth’s water is salt
of the air nearest he bottle decreased water?
causing the water droplets to form
A. 3.5%
942. Cold water currents move water B. 36.5%
A. toward the poles C. 70.3%
B. toward the equator D. 96.5%
C. toward the surface
947. What is a high tide?
D. away from the doldrums
943. Refers to the amount of salt contained

within a solution
A. Potability
B. Turbidity
C. Salinity
A. Sea pulled TOWARD the moon where
D. solvent Earth is CLOSEST to the moon
944. The amount of water that is available to B. Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where
enter groundwater in a region is influenced Earth is FARTHEST to the moon
by (EEn 2.3.2): C. Sea pulled AWAY from the moon where
A. The vegetation cover Earth is CLOSEST to the moon
B. the slope of the land D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 110
948. What factors create deep ocean currents? 952. What is the salinity of seawater?
A. Increase in salinity; increase in tem- A. 1.5%
perature B. 3.5%
B. Decrease in salinity; decrease in tem- C. 5.5%
perature
D. 10%
C. Increase in salinity; decrease in tem-
perature 953. What is the last element to form when
stars are undergoing fusion?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Decrease in salinity; increase in tem-
A. Iron
perature
B. Oxygen
949. What watershed serves Atlanta? C. Carbon
A. Oconee D. Nitrogen
B. Chattahoochee
954. What are causes of shortages of water?
C. Mississippi (select all that apply)
D. none of above A. letting the water run
B. long showers
950. The temperature at which air becomes
fully saturated with water vapors, that C. there isn’t any
temperature is known as D. no such thing
A. Dew Point Temperature E. using too much water
B. Relative Humidity 955. Which is the warmest climate zone?
C. Vapor Pressure A. Arctic Zone
D. Saturation Deficit B. Temperate Zone
C. Tropical Zone
951. Which type of weather front can produce
precipitation (rain or snow)? D. Intermediate Zone
956. The is the driving force of the earth’s

surface.
A. sun
B. moon
C. stars
D. none of above
957. causes surface currents while differ-

A. Cold
ences in cause deep currents.
B. Warm A. Density; wind speed
C. Stationary B. Wind; radiation
D. Occluded C. Density; temperature
E. All of the above D. Wind; density

1.1 HYDROLOGY 111
958. Why do they chlorinate water? B. lakes

A. Eliminate bacteria C. rivers

B. Strengthen teeth D. sweat
C. Soften it 963. What’s the difference between clean wa-
D. To remove odors ter and fresh water?
959. What causes tsunamis? A. Clean water is water that has been pu-
rified and filtered making it safe to drink.
A. rainstorms Fresh water is naturally occurring water
B. hurricanes that does not have any salt.
C. thunderstorms B. Clean water is water that has been pu-
D. Earthquakes on the ocean floor rified and filtered making it safe to drink.
Fresh water is water that is not naturally
960. Water in the gas form is called occurring and contains salt.
A. condensation C. Clean water is water that is naturally
B. clouds occurring water that does not have any
salt. Fresh water is water that has been
C. water vapor
purified and filtered making it safe to
D. sweat drink.
961. John has many plants in his apartment. D. none of above
He has to water his plants very often.
964. What time could the next tide occur?
Which process causes the plants to lose
water?
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. condensation
A. 7:35 AM
962. Some of the water vapor comes from the
continents, but most comes from the B. 2:10 AM
C. 7:02 PM
D. 3:54 AM
965. What letter represents groundwater
A. oceans A. D

1.1 HYDROLOGY 112
B. E 970. What items flow together to make a river

system?
C. G
A. streams and rivers
D. F
B. ponds
966. If the land is covered in houses, roads C. lakes
and factories, the rainwater will reach the
D. oceans
river
971. The development of a wave usually be-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
gins with
A. currents
B. wind
C. gravity
D. tsunamis
A. more quickly 972. outer film of water created by cohesion
B. less quickly A. Polarity
B. Surface Tension
967. Only 3% of the water on Earth is fresh-
water. About 70% of that water is not C. Cohesion
available for (human consumption) man’s D. Adhesion
use. Why is this?
973. Which sea floor feature looks like a moun-
A. It is frozen tain range?
B. It is polluted A. Neap tides
C. It is too salty B. volcano
D. It is in aquifers C. abyssal plain
D. mid-ocean ridge
968. Which process of the water cycle is af-
fected by large amounts of precipitation in 974. The following map shows the average el-
a short amount of time? evations of four U.S. state capitals. Which
city would you expect to have the lowest
A. Evaporation air pressure?
B. Condensation
C. transpiration
D. run off
969. Water that can be easily seen on Earth’s

surface
A. surface water A. Lansing, MI
B. infiltration B. Phoenix, AZ
C. groundwater C. At-fanta, ga
D. infiltration D. Cheyenne, WY

1.1 HYDROLOGY 113
975. the process that changes a gas to a liquid 980. In a cave, dissolved calcite deposits on
by removing heat floor.

A. evaporation
B. transpiration
C. condensation
D. precipitation
976. Why is the KOE important for the plant,
animal and human life in Florida?
A. Stalagmites
A. Watersheds provide habitat for am-
B. Stalactites
phibious and aquatic species.
B. Watersheds provide fresh, clean drink- 981. Warm fronts
ing water to humans and animals of the A. move fast and brings cold temperature
area. when it passes
C. Watersheds distribute nutrients to B. move slowly and brings cold tempera-
plant life in and around the watersheds. ture when it passes.
D. All answers are correct C. move fast and brings warmer temper-
atures when it passes.
977. A special cloud called is formed close
to the ground when moisture condenses as D. move slowly and brings warm temper-
air is cooled from below. ature when it passes.
A. dew 982. Which layer of the atmosphere is the cold-
B. fog est and is where meteors burn up?
C. cloud A. Troposphere
D. stratus B. Stratosphere
978. What are two ways that fresh water sup- C. Mesosphere
plies can be maintained? D. Thermosphere
A. conservation and alternative methods
983. The graph obtained between cumulative
of obtaining fresh water
rainfall and time is called
B. conservation and condensation
A. mass curve
C. conservation and evapotranspiration
B. hyetograph
D. conservation and declassification
C. rain curve
979. What process is the best example of a D. hyetocurve
sudden change to the Earth’s surface?
A. A landslide moving loose rocks down- 984. What human activity uses the most wa-
hill ter in the world?
B. Sediment depositing on the ocean A. drinks

floor B. industry
C. Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers C. agriculture
D. Mountains building up D. bathrooms

1.1 HYDROLOGY 114
985. What happens when water vapor is 992. Which of these is not a species of turtle?
cooled? A. Loggerhead
A. It changes back to water
B. Olive Ridley
B. it changes to a vapor
C. Green Shell
C. precipitation
D. Hawksbill
D. condensation
993. a solid form of precipitation composed of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
986. water that is safe to drink is called ice crystals in complex hexagonal form
A. potable
B. non-potable
987. What is the periodic rise and fall of the

water level in the oceans?
A. Tide
B. Tidal range
C. Spring Tide A. sleet
D. Neap Tide B. snow
C. hail
988. What is the main cause of tides?
D. megactyometeor
A. The gravitational pull of land on Earth
B. The magnetic pull from the poles 994. How much of the Earth’s water is Salt
C. The gravitational pull of the moon Water?
D. The density differences of water A. 33%

B. 97%
989. Earth’s rotation cause winds to
C. 21%
A. blow in straight lines
D. none of above
B. strengthen
C. be deflected 995. A semi-enclosed area where fresh water
from a river meets salty water from the
D. none of above
sea.
990. Renewable or Non-renewable:Oil? A. Watershed
A. Renewable B. Groundwater
B. Non-renewable C. Estuary
991. What most likely causes tsunamis in the D. Ocean
South Pacific?
996. Stationary fronts
A. Undersea Earthquake
A. move fast and brings cold temperature
B. Offshore Huricane when it passes
C. Global Winds B. move slowly and brings cold tempera-
D. Continetial Deflection ture when it passes.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 115
C. move very slowly and can bring ei- A. Abyssal Plain

ther warm or cooler temperature when it
B. Seamount
passes.

D. move slowly and brings warm temper- C. Continental Slope
ature when it passes. D. Continental Shelf
997. The Average Dissolve load of a river is
1002. Condensation is caused by a in tem-
115ppm to 120ppm, True Or False?
perature.
A. True
A. decrease
B. False
B. increase
998. organisms that live on or in the bottom
of the continental shelf 1003. The number of wavelengths that pass a
A. benthos point each per second is:
B. neuston A. frequency
C. littoral B. period
D. heterotrophs
C. longitudinal
999. The hydrologic cycle is a continuous pro- D. transverse wave
cess driven by energy from the
A. Moon. 1004. Write the correct letter that represents
B. Sun. transpiration
C. gravity.
D. Earth’s interior.
1000. Deep Ocean currents are a result of
A. F
B. E
A. Global Wind Patterns
C. C
D. B
C. Density
D. All of the above 1005. What is the process where water cools
and changes from a gas to a liquid?
1001. What does letter X represent?
A. evaporation
B. transpiration
C. precipitation
D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 116
1006. The shoreline is where and A. Granite bedrock

meet.
B. Pebble-and-sand soil
A. land and ocean
C. Pebble soil
B. ocean and lakes
D. Conglomerate bedrock
C. rivers and mountains
D. continental slope and continental rise 1011. Which part of the water cycle is the sun
directly or indirectly responsible for caus-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1007. Agriculture ing?
A. Point A. Evaporation
B. Non-Point
B. Condensation
1008. Which form the patterns of surface cur- C. Transpiration
rents on Earth?
D. All parts of the water cycle.
A. ONLY global winds
B. ONLY the Coriolis Effect 1012. What percentage of Earth is covered
C. BOTH global winds and the Coriolis Ef- with water?
fect
D. The Sun’s gravitational pull
1009. What process must occur to form

clouds?
A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Sublimation
A. 80%
D. Deposition
B. 60%
1010. Base your answer to the following ques- C. 50%
tion on the diagram, which represents sam-
ples of soil and bedrock at Earth’s surface. D. 70%
The arrows represent possible infiltration
of rainwater Which sample probably has 1013. Heat rises
the greatest porosity? A. true
B. false
1014. What creates the air pressure difference

between the equator and the poles?
A. The length of the seasons
B. The shape of the earth
C. the duration of the solar year
D. The amount of direct sunlight each
area receives

1.1 HYDROLOGY 117
1015. Water pulled across earth’s surface is A. Sandbar

known as B. Splits

A. river C. Barrier Islands
B. pond D. Seawall
C. runoff E. Breakwaters
D. whirpool
1020. What is the elevated land area that sep-
1016. A material is full of tiny, connected air arates one watershed from another?
spaces that allow water to seep through A. Runoff
A. Permeable B. Watershed
B. Impermeable
C. Divide
C. Infiltration
D. Suspension
D. Universal solvent
1021. Potential or Kinetic energy?a sandwich
E. Precipitation
on a plate
1017. Which of the following statements best
explains why nonpoint pollution is so dif-
ficult to prevent?
A. Because nonpoint pollution can be
traced to only one source.
B. Because the source of nonpoint pollu-
tion may be a factory that can afford large
fines. A. potential
C. Because nonpoint pollution is mainly B. kinetic
from high temperature, which is impossi-
ble for us to affect. 1022. Deep ocean currents are caused by dif-
D. Because the source of nonpoint pollu- ferences in
tion is difficult to identify. A. salinity
1018. Which ocean touches the U.S? B. temperature
A. Atlantic C. density
B. Indian D. All of the above
C. South American 1023. High turbidity indicates poor water qual-
D. American ity because
A. it clogs the gills of aquatic animals and
1019. Partially exposed portions of sand built
makes it difficult to breathe
up waves over time.
B. it makes it hard for sun to get to the
aquatic plants
C. it makes it hard for aquatic animals to
find their food
D. all are reasons high turbidity indicates
poor water quality

1.1 HYDROLOGY 118
1024. The drilling for freshwater increases 1029. Which is the best way to conserve
along a coastal area. What is a likely con- worldwide freshwater resources?
sequence of this action? A. build more roads and highways for
A. an intrusion of salt water into aquifers cars and trucks
B. the loss of water resources in estuar- B. increase the amount of land use to
ies raise cattle
C. the destruction of estuaries because C. develop more modern coal-powered
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of an increase in sea levels plants
D. a decrease in salt concentration in in- D. use more efficient irrigation tech-
let waterways niques
1025. Describe the impact of urbanization on
surface water. 1030. Which stage of the water cycle does this
image (refer to red arrow) represent?
A. Urbanization can lead to increased sur-
face water runoff, flooding, and water pol-
lution.
B. Urbanization reduces surface water
runoff and prevents flooding
C. Urbanization leads to decreased water
pollution in surface water
A. Infiltration
D. Urbanization has no impact on surface
B. Surface run-off
water
C. Precipitation
1026. Which of the following water sources
can you NOT directly drink from? D. Condensation
A. rivers 1031. Label B
B. lakes
C. oceans
D. ground water
1027. When is “tornado season”?
A. in the spring time and early summer- A. continental slope
time (April-June) B. continental shelf
B. spring and fall
C. abyssal plain
C. summer through fall
D. sea mount
D. spring and winter
1032. Which statement is NOT correct about
1028. A semi-permanent surface water source
the water cycle?
A. Man-made
A. Solar radiation is needed for evapora-
B. Perennial tion and transpiration to take place.
C. Ephemeral B. Water going from a vapor (gas) to liq-
D. Aquifer uid is called condensation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 119
C. Gravity is the force for groundwater A. Indian, Pacific, Atlantic

flow, surface water flow, infiltration, and
B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian
precipitation.

D. Water going from solid to gas is called C. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic
transpiration. D. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific
1033. Which of the following choices best de-
scribes the distribution of water on the 1037. Ocean currents bring warm water from
Earth? the equator towards Earth’s
A. About 97% is found as fresh water and

about 3% is salt water. A. Southern Hemisphere
B. About 97% is found as frozen water B. Continents
and 3% is liquid water.
C. Equator
C. About 97% is found as salt water and
about 3% is fresh water. D. Poles
D. About 97% is found as evaporated wa-
1038. Choose the correct option
ter and 3% is frozen water.
1034. What are bodies of water stored under-

ground in between rocks?
A. groundwater
B. water soil
C. aquifer
D. caves
1035. causes severe storms in the Pacific

Ocean every 2-7 years because of abnor-
mal temperatures.
A. Most of Earth is covered in water caus-
A. The boy ing it to appear blue from space.
B. Currents B. Most of Earth is covered in land caus-
C. The Water Cycle ing it to appear blue from space.
D. none of above C. The blue color in space causes it to ap-
pear blue.
1036. If you started in south America and trav-
eled east, what order would you pass D. The blue from Earth’s sky causes it to
through Earth’s oceans? appear blue from space.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 120
1039. As water gets denser, how does it 1045. The type of energy that cattle create is
move? ?
A. Rises to the surface A. biomass
B. Sinks to the ocean floor B. solar
C. Moves toward the poles C. natural gas
D. Moves toward the equator D. nuclear
1046. The majority of our Earth is water.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1040. the draining of water off of the surface
of land Which of the following BEST explains why
it is so important to conserve?
A. river basin
A. Only a very small percent of the water
B. run-off is freshwater
C. drainage B. Once water is used it is gone
D. impermeable C. Only a very small person of the water
is salt water
chemical weathering? D. The majority of the water on Earth is
polluted
A. Acid rain dissolving limestone
B. roots breaking into concrete 1047. The following is an example of
C. paper being ripped
D. Water running over rocks
1042. Which of the following has the most in-

fluence on tides?
A. increasing pressure throughout the
water column
B. the gravitational pull of the moon A. a confined aquifer
C. convection currents in the mantle B. an unconfined aquifer
D. the sun’s gravity 1048. What step of the Water Cycle is letter
D?
1043. How much of earths surface is covered
in water?
A. 30%
B. 70%
C. 97%
D. 84%
1044. What can decrease the salinity of ocean A. precipitation

water? B. transpiration
A. The mouth of a river C. evaporation
B. Evaporation D. accumulation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 121
1049. Occurs when Earth is positioned be-

tween the moon and the sun and when
Earth’s shadow crosses the lighted half of

the moon.
A. Solar Eclipse
A. zone of infiltration
B. Eclipse
B. recharge zone
C. Lunar Eclipse
C. zone of saturation
D. Perigee
D. zone of permeability
1050. Deep Ocean currents are a result of 1054. What would be the MOST sustainable
way to reduce farm use of river water in
a coastal area?
A. Build desalination plants to convert
seawater to fresh water for farms.
B. Dig deeper wells to pump more water
from deeper aquifers to farms.
C. Use drip irrigation systems to water
A. Global Wind Patterns crops more precisely on farms.
B. Earth’s Rotation D. Construct pipelines that carry water
from inland reservoirs to farms.
C. Differences in density
D. All of the above 1055. As you travel deeper in the ocean
A. Temperature increases
1051. Compared to an inland location, a loca-
B. Light increases
tion on an ocean shore at the same eleva-
tion and latitude is likely to have C. Pressure decreases
A. cooler winters and summers D. Temperature decreases
B. warmer winters and summers 1056. Rainbow trout are found in mountain
streams and are sensitive to changes in
C. cooler winters and warmer summers
their habitat. Which would be the best de-
D. warmer winters and cooler summers scription for the use rainbow trout in wa-
ter quality testing?
1052. What stage of the water cycle is not nec-
A. biological indicator
essary for it to rain?
B. invasive species
A. Condensation
C. nitrates
B. Evaporation
D. none of above
C. Precipitation
1057. A substance has a low permeability
D. Runoff when:
1053. In the diagram, the area labeled A is A. Water can flow through easily
called the B. Water CAN’T Flow through easily

1.1 HYDROLOGY 122
1058. One irreversible effecct of both defor- 1063. The release of moisture by living plants.
estation and water polution on the envi- A. evaporation
ronment is the
B. precipitation
A. extinction of species
C. condensation
B. thinning of the ozone shield
D. transpiration
C. depletion of atmospheric carbon diox-
ide levels 1064. Currents are deflected to the in the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Northern Hemisphere.
D. increase in renewable resources
A. north
1059. A change in the pattern of warm ocean B. right
currents can cause a climate change by
C. south
A. increasing the ocean’s capacity for ab-
sorbing thermal energy D. left
B. releasing thermal energy in irregular 1065. Which process increases the salinity of
spurts water?
C. absorbing thermal energy from the A. runoff from land
sun’s rays B. formation of sea ice
D. moving thermal energy from one place C. precipitation
to another
D. melting of sea ice
1060. The area where water is near the water
1066. The Mississippi River is over 2, 000
table. This acts as a natural sponge
miles long and empties into the Gulf of
A. estuary Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico has a salin-
B. marsh ity of 36 parts per thousand. However,
the water in the gulf near the mouth of
C. wetland the Mississippi has a salinity of 24 parts
D. river per thousand. What best explains why the
salinity of the Gulf of Mexico changes?
1061. Which ocean borders Antarctica? A. The Mississippi river is acidic and
A. Atlantic Ocean causes the salinity of the Gulf of Mexico
to increase.
B. Pacific Ocean
B. The Mississippi river is freshwater and
C. Southern Ocean
decreases the salinity when mixed with
D. Arctic Ocean gulf water.
E. Indian Ocean C. The Gulf of Mexico is near the equa-
tor which increases the amount of evap-
1062. dew is a form of oration causing the salinity to decrease in
A. evaporation certain locations.
B. condensation D. The Gulf of Mexico is near the equator
which increases the amount of precipita-
C. precipitation tion causing the salinity to increase in cer-
D. transpiration tain locations.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 123
1067. What type of tide (spring or neap) will 1072. Which pie chart shows the relative pro-
occur when the moon is at position D? portions of Earth’s water in each location?

A.
B.
A. spring C.
B. neap
D.
1068. Water changing from liquid to gas
A. condensation 1073. Where will there be the most erosion?
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. transpiration
1069. This feature on the ocean floor is similar

to the Andes Mountains
A. Seamount
B. Abyssal Plain A. A
C. Continental slope B. B
D. Mid Ocean Ridges C. C
D. D
1070. All water that enters the atmosphere
1074. What is the purpose of the ozone layer?
A. Evapotranspiration
A. To provide light at night
B. Evaporation
B. To protect us from the sun’s radiation
C. Transpiration
C. To power the convection currents in
D. Precipitation the mantle
1071. Ms. Long has purchased several acres D. To make the Earth smell better
of land to plant crops. She terraced her 1075. What is an aquifer?
land to prevent erosion and protect her
soil. She did not want her water to be- A. a body of permeable rock which can
come runoff, she wanted it to soak into contain or transmit groundwater.
the ground and become what? B. a well in which water is under pres-
A. runoff sure especially:one in which the water
flows to the surface naturally.
B. water vapor
C. confining layer
C. groundwater
D. solid rock underlying loose deposits
D. infiltration such as soil or alluvium.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 124
1076. What can carrypollutantsfrom the soil A. infiltration

into rivers andstreams? B. drawdown
C. permeability
D. water vapor
1080. The water table

A. is the crust water in the rainy season
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. is the ground water
A. runoff water C. is the upper-most level of the ground
B. sunlight and heat water
C. water vapor D. is the ability of the ground to hold wa-

ter
D. none of above
1081. Deposition is a process that
1077. Which best explains why inhabitants of
A. Dissolves sediment
an estuary must adapt to frequent envi-
ronmental changes? B. Breaks down rock to form sediment
A. Estuaries receive little sunlight. C. Removes sediment from land forms
B. The water temperature is constantly D. Drops sediment to form landforms
warm.
1082. Which is a favorable condition for a nat-
C. The salinity of the water is constantly ural recharge?
changing.
A. Permeable soil
D. Low levels of oxygen are absorbed by
B. Impermeable soil
the water.
C. Concreted pavements
1078. the upper surface of the underground
D. Bare soils
water; the upper boundary of the zone of
saturation. 1083. Label D
A. Unsaturated Zone B. continental shelf
B. Saturated Zone C. abyssal plain
C. Water Table D. mid ocean ridge
D. Groundwater 1084. Ocean water is more dense than fresh
1079. Precipitation that falls on land enters water at the same temperature due to dif-
the ground through the process of and ferences in:
becomes groundwater. A. Wind patterns

1.1 HYDROLOGY 125
B. Lifeforms
C. Currents

D. Salinity
1085. You are trying to create a model of the

water cycle. How will you change the tem-
perature in the model to show evaporation A. Desalination
and condensation?
B. Kelp Forest
A. Increase temperatures to cause evap-
C. Sewage
oration and decrease temperatures to
cause condensation. D. Upwelling
B. Increase temperatures to cause con- 1089. What is the most abundant salt found in
densation and decrease temperatures to ocean water?
cause evaporation.
A. Calcium Sulfate
C. The temperature does not have to
change in order to show both evaporation B. Potassium Sulfate
and condensation. C. Sodium Chloride
D. There is no way to build a model to D. Magnesium Chloride
show evaporation or condensation
1090. Movement of energy through a body of
1086. Where is water used for drinking most water is a
likely to come from?
A. Tide
A. lakes and ponds B. current
B. rivers and streams C. wave
C. oceans and estuaries D. longshore drift
D. reservoirs and aquifers
1091. Saving water is called
1087. Landscapes characterized by gentle A. Salvation
slopes and meandering streams are most
B. Conservation
often found in regions with
C. Utilization
A. steep mountain cliffs
D. Immunization
B. sediment-covered bedrock
C. recently active faults and folds 1092. Where is most of Earth´s freshwater lo-
cated?
D. high volcanic activity
A. Ice Caps
1088. Underwater ecosystem form in shallow B. Rivers & Streams
water by the dense growth of several dif-
C. Storm Drains
ferent species of kelp. Found in the neritic
zone. D. Lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 126
1093. What does evaporation mean? B. wind

A. The movement of water that is uncon- C. acid rain
fined by a channel D. running water
B. The change in state of water from a liq-
uid to a gas 1097. What is mechanical weathering?
C. Movement of ground surface into the

soil
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
1094. Channel load
A. Process through which rocks are phys-

ically broken into smaller pieces.
B. Rocks are broken down through chem-
ical changes.
C. Rocks are worn away from acid in
plant roots.
D. Rocks broken down by machinery.
A. increases downstream 1098. Water getting into cracks, freezing, and

breaking the rocks or pavement apart is
B. decreases downstream an examples of what?
C. stays the same downstream A. Mechanical Weathering
D. is most expensive when bought in duty B. Erosion
free (don’t fall for it)
C. Deposition
1095. This image would cause D. Chemical Weathering
1099. All will happen if the ozone layer contin-

ues to disappear, except
A. spring tides
B. neap tides
C. quarter tides
D. small tides A. Increase sea level
1096. All of the following are causes of physi- B. Melting of polar ice
cal weathering except C. Lower rates of cancer
A. plant growth D. Increase sea surface temperatures

1.1 HYDROLOGY 127
1100. The horizontal movement of air from are large masses of ice and snow that are
and area of high pressure to an area of found in polar regions. The rest of our
low pressure is called freshwater is found underground.

1104. amount of salt water
A. 55%
B. 70%
C. under 1%
D. 97%
A. wind 1105. What is the primary cause of ocean
B. climate waves?
C. high pressure A. upwelling
D. air pressure B. wind
C. density differences in ocean water
1101. An aquifer is
D. temperature differences in ocean wa-
A. a rive or stream
ter
B. a man made water tower
1106. is commonly the result of excessive
C. a geological formation that moves or
nutrients being released into waterways
holds ground water.
due to misuse of in agriculture.
D. a type of bottled water
A. eutrophication, fertilizers
1102. How can you determine water quality B. algal blooms, eutrophication
biologically?
C. fertilizers, eutrophication
A. assess the color and smell while look-
D. eutrophication, machinery
ing for signs of litter
B. perform a chemical analysis to deter- 1107. Where weather occurs.
mine what substances are present in the A. stratosphere
water
B. thermosphere
C. check the living things that live in the C. troposphere
water and determine how well they toler-
ate pollution. D. mesosphere
D. not possible 1108. Large streamof water that flows in the
ocean that forms because of a steady wind
1103. Most of Earth’s freshwater is and found blowing over the ocean surface.
in ice caps.
A. frozen
B. underground
C. potable
D. evaporated
Explanation:Most of Earth’s freshwater is
locked up in glaciers and ice caps, which A. storm surge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 128
B. surface current 1113. Which of the following has the biggest

C. tide effect on deep ocean currents?
D. water cycle A. tides and salinity
B. temperature and wind
1109. What is the difference between
weather and climate? C. wind and tides
A. weather is the conditions of the at- D. temperature and salinity
mosphere and climate is how the atmo- 1114. All the non-living things in an environ-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
sphere acts ment
B. climate is the conditions of the atmo- A. Biotic
sphere and weather is how the atmo-
B. Biome
sphere acts
C. Abiotic
1110. Label A
D. Biosphere
1115. The main source of energy that drives
the water cycle comes from
A. hydrothermal vents.
A. continental slope B. atmospheric pressure
B. continental shelf C. convection currents
C. abyssal plain D. the Sun
D. sea mount 1116. Which process increases the salinity of
ocean water?
1111. Collection of water on the earth can be
in the form? A. precipitation
A. Oceans. B. Coriolis Effect
B. Lakes C. evaporation
C. Rivers D. continental deflection
D. All of the above 1117. The process of changing a liquid into va-
por
1112. The is responsible for policing and gov-
erning the cleanliness of America’s water. A. transpiration
A. Environmental Protection Agency B. evaporation
B. World Health Organization C. excavation
C. American Red Cross D. condensation
D. Captain Planet heroes 1118. the continuous movement of water from

Explanation:The Environmental Protection the ocean, to the atmosphere, to the land,
Agency (EPA) is responsible for policing and back to the ocean
and governing the cleanliness of Amer- A. rock cycle
ica’s water. The EPA sets standards for
B. water cycle
water quality, monitors water pollution,
and enforces laws to protect water re- C. life cycle
sources. D. soil formation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 129
1119. Using the image what is the amount of 1123. Which type of front is displayed?
water on Earth in order from the greatest
to the smallest?

A. Glaciers/Ice Caps, Groundwater,
Ocean water, Lakes, rivers streams,
B. Lakes, rivers, streams, Groundwater,
Glaciers/Ice Caps, Ocean water
C. Groundwater, Ocean Water,
Glaciers/Ice Caps, Lakes, rivers, Streams
D. Ocean water, Glaciers/Ice caps, A. Cold
Groundwater, Lakes, rivers, streams
B. Warm
1120. Which part of a water molecule has a
C. Stationary
Positive Charge?
D. Occluded
1124. What is letter A
A. The Hydrogen B. continental shelf
B. The Oxygen C. abyssal plain
C. The Top
D. sea mount
D. The Bottom
1121. To which condition do all species in the 1125. The water cycle is driven by two things:
ocean depths have to adapt? A. rain and gravity
A. lower salinity
B. solar energy and gravity
B. swift ocean currents
C. condensation and gravity
C. extreme pressure
D. hot water temperature D. tides and rain
1122. From which ocean floor destination 1126. Approximately what percentage of
would a sonar signal take the longest Earth’s surface is covered in oceans?
amount of time to return to the receiver?
A. 15%
A. A trench
B. 41%
B. An abyssal plain
C. A continental shelf C. 67%
D. A deep ocean basin D. 93%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 130
1127. Which section of the continent that 1131. Some of the ocean floor are moun-
extends from the shore to beneath the tains, valleys, trenches, plains, and even
ocean? volcanoes.
A. continental slope A. geography
B. continental basin B. features
C. continental ridge C. floor
D. continental shelf D. animals
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1128. What causes surface ocean currents to 1132. Water that sinks into the ground and be-
be deflected? comes groundwater is called recharge.
A. deep currents A. True
B. the Coriolis effect B. False
C. Earth’s revolution 1133. Radioactive waste from nuclear power
D. global winds plants is sealed in containers and deeply-
buried in the ground. Sealing and burying
1129. In Finding Nemo, the characters trav- waste reduces the chances that water will-
eled in a , which is basically a stream become contaminated. At which point in
flowing in the ocean. the water cycle would radioactivecontami-
nation MOST likely be found?
A. Rain
B. Fog
C. Groundwater
D. Surface Water
1134. The bottom of an aquifer is made by a

rock that is to water.
A. Tide
A. permeable
B. Wave
B. impermeable
C. Current
C. both A and B.
D. Tsunami
D. none of above
1130. surface water
1135. The zone, immediately below the land
A. all the bodies of fresh water, salt wa- surface, contains water and air in the open
ter, ice, and snow that are found above spaces, or pores.
the ground A. Saturated Zone
B. the water that is beneath Earth’s sur- B. Unsaturated Zone
face
C. the upper surface of underground wa- 1136. At which ocean feature would the great-
ter; the upper boundary of the zone of sat- est amount of water pressure be exerted?
uration A. trench
D. the path that a stream follows B. continental shelf

1.1 HYDROLOGY 131
C. abyssal plain
D. continental slope

1137. High tide occurs every hours
A. 4
B. 6
C. 12
A. A half moon tide
D. 24 B. A spring tide
1138. The process of breaking up rocks on C. A full moon tide
Earth’s surface is called D. A neap tide
A. sediment 1142. Which of the following is true about
B. erosion man-made dams?
C. weathering A. They reduce the risk of upstream flood-

ing
D. deposition
B. They do not affect the character of the
dammed river downstream from the dam
1139. Which surface would be impermeable?
C. They are only located where they do
not affect pre existing farms and urban ar-
A. eas
D. They are constructed to provide more
dependable water resources for humans.
B. 1143. if the air is saturated with water (high
humidity) and the temperature drops at
night from 80 to 60F what could you ex-
pect in the morning?
C.
A. clouds in the sky
B. frost
D. C. heavy rain
D. dew
1140. All the water on Earth’s surface 1144. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
A. Aquifer
B. Hydrosphere
C. River Basin
D. Watershed
1141. What tide is depicted in the image?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 132
A. Earth rotating around the sun 1150. According to the picture, where is most
B. Earth rotating on its axis of the fresh surface water located on
Earth?
C. The tides
D. Gravity
1145. Which of the following is not a main pro-
ducer of food in the ocean?
A. algae
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. bacteria
C. plants A. Ice caps
D. whale B. Lake
1146. What does high humidity mean? C. rivers
A. It is cold. D. groundwater
B. It is hot. 1151. when water evaporates from the ocean,
C. There is a little evaporated water in what happens to the salt?
the air. A. It evaporates with the water
D. There is a lot of evaporated water in B. It dissapears
the air.
C. It stays in the ocean
1147. How does water enter into the water D. It sinks to the bottom of the ocean
table?
1152. The process by which water falls back
A. runoff, precipitation, condensation,
to the ground from clouds
percolation, infiltration
A. Evaporation
B. condensation, precipitation, runoff, in-
filtration, percolation B. Precipitation
C. condensation, precipitation, infiltra- C. Condensation
tion, percolation, runoff D. none of above
D. none of above
1153. What process of the water cycle is de-
1148. Which of the following is a human activ- scribed by heat from the Sun transforming
ity that increases the turbidity of water? the surface water of the ocean into vapor?
A. Swimming A. condensation
B. Deforestation B. evaporation
C. Fishing C. precipitation
D. Boating D. radiation
1149. What percent is fresh water? 1154. What is cohesion?

A. 97% A. when water sticks to itself
B. 2% B. when water sticks to other things
C. 78% C. when water sinks in the ocean
D. 3% D. a deep ocean current driven by heat

1.1 HYDROLOGY 133
1155. When water , dew forms. A. Tributaries

A. Melts B. Watershed

B. Evaporates C. Divide
C. Condenses D. Lake
D. Precipitates
1160. The amount of available freshwater re-
1156. Fog that forms when warm moist air sources can be maximized by:
moves horizontally over a cooler surface
is called A. increased infiltration to fertilize crops
A. Radiation fog B. Reduced treatment by wastewater

treatment facilities
B. Advection fog
C. reduction in measures to prevent ar-
C. Upslope fog
senic contamination
D. Ground fog
D. laws regulation the amount of pollu-
1157. The monthly rainfall at place A dur- tion that can be discharged into a river
ing September 1982 was recorded as 55
mm above normal. Here the term normal 1161. Which word describes water seeping
means: into the ground
A. the rainfall in the same month in the A. Evaporation
previous year B. Transpiration
B. the rainfall was normally expected
C. Precipitation
based on the previous month’s data
C. the average rainfall computed from D. Infiltration/Percolation
past 12 months’ record
1162. What is the relationship for the vari-
D. the average monthly rainfall for ables given in the image?
September is computed from a specific
30 years of past records.
1158. What does “I” in Darcy’s law repre-
sent?
A. Hydraulic Impact
B. Pneumatic Gradient
C. Pressure Differential
D. Hydraulic Gradient
1159. A ridge of land that separates one wa-
tershed from another watershed.
A.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 134
1166. What type of water do you find in estu-

aries?
A. Brackish
B. B. Salt
C. Fresh
D. Frozen
1167. A lunar eclipse occurs at which moon
NARAYAN CHANGDER
phase?
A. quarter moon
B. new moon
C. C. crescent moon
D. full moon
1168. What causes water to evaporate?
A. heat
D. none of above
B. cold
1163. How do inland climates compare to C. clouds
coastal climates in the winter and summer
D. it gets angry
months?
A. inland climates will be warmer 1169. Which of the layers is composed of im-
permeable material?
B. inland climates will be colder
C. there is no difference
D. elevation and latitude are the only fac-
tors that determine temperature
1164. Process in which sediment is laid down
in new locations
A. Slowly
B. Desposition
A. Layer B:the unconfined aquifer
C. Evaporation
B. Layer C:the unconfined aquifer
D. Sublimation
C. Layer C:the confining layer
1165. Which one of the following answer D. Layer D:the unconfined aquifer
choices does this scenerio describe? Wa-
ter inside of plants and trees become wa- 1170. What percent of the Earth’s water is
ter vapor. salt water?
A. precipitation A. 30%
B. condensation B. 70%
C. evaporation C. 3%
D. transpiration D. 97%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 135
1171. What feature is shown as #8?

A. island
B. mid-ocean ridge A. amount of plant matter
C. abyssal plain B. location of ice caps
D. volcano C. size of ocean
1172. A tornado begins as a cloud that D. temperature

pokes through the bottom of a cumulonim-
1176. A plot between rainfall intensity vs.
bus cloud.
time is called as
A. cirrus
A. hydrograph
B. cumulus
B. mass curve
C. funnel
C. hyetograph
D. stratus
D. isohyet
1173. The process that puts down material is
1177. What property of water allows it to be
such a versatile solvent that it is often
called the “universal solvent?”
A. Purity
B. Polarity and cohesion
C. High heat capacity
D. Expansion upon freezing
A. erosion
1178. What is the main cause of water evap-
B. deposition oration from the ocean?
C. weathering A. Heat energy from the Sun
D. compaction B. Wind and wave action along the shore
1174. Oceans keep temperatures C. Heat energy from the ocean floor
A. Gulf Stream D. Currents in the ocean
B. modern
1179. If a material allows water to easily pass
C. moderate through it, then it is
D. waving
A. saturated
1175. Which of the following causes all of the B. permeable
water on the planet to change its state
(solid, liquid, gas) and move through the C. unsaturated
water cycle? D. impermeable

1.1 HYDROLOGY 136
1180. Most ocean WAVES are caused by A. the egg is more dense than the salt wa-
ter
B. the salt water is more dense than the
egg
C. the salt water is more dense than the
glass
D. the egg is more dense than the glass
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. differences in temperature
1184. Ocean currents cause coastal location to
B. surface winds have
C. differences in amounts of sunlight A. smaller temperature ranges in sum-
D. differences in density mer and winter.
1181. The most abundant gas in Earth’s atmo- B. larger temperature rangers in summer
sphere is: and winter.
A. Oxygen C. There is no temperature change in
summer and winter.
B. Nitrogen
D. The temperature range is not predica-
C. Water Vapor
ble.
D. Argon
1185. Discharge is the volume of water flow-
1182. Why do algae blooms happen? ing down a river in cumecs which means
A. there are too many nutrients in the wa-
ter
B. there are too many fish in the water
C. there is not enough turbidity in the wa-
ter
D. all of these options
1183. Why does an egg float in a glass of salt
water? A. cubic metres per second
B. column of water passing a point
C. stream depth in centimetres
D. force of the flow
1186. Kayla is going to search for clams dur-

ing low tide. If she knows low tide is at
3:00PM today, what time should she plan
to go searching tomorrow?
A. 9:00PM
B. 3:00PM
C. 3:50PM
D. P:Akhm

1.1 HYDROLOGY 137
1187. The graph shows groundwater measure- 1192. The process of deep, nutrient-rich water
ments in mid-September at a site in Sara- moving upward to replace surface water
sota, Florida. During which of these that has blown farther offshore is called

years did groundwater rise to a level high
enough to become surface water? (Accu-
A. downwelling
rately match the year with the dot)
B. upwelling
A. 1989
C. rip current
B. 1994
D. longshore current
C. 2001
D. 2007 1193. The area of the catchment area is mea-
sured in units
1188. What are the boundaries called that sep-
A. mm2
arate streams in adjacent drainage basins?
B. cm2
A. mountain ranges
C. what
B. divides
D. km2
C. valleys
D. levees 1194. Where will you find the majority of the
Earth’s water?
1189. What currents come from the equator
A. Lakes
A. Warm
B. Oceans
B. Cold
C. Ice Caps
C. South
D. Glaciers
D. West
1195. What will happen to pollution in sur-
1190. Which of the following is responsible for face and groundwater as wetlands are de-
the Earth’s tides? graded or destroyed?
A. The circulation of water in bays and es- A. it will stay the same
tuaries
B. it will decrease
B. The thermohaline circulation of water
C. it will increase
C. The wind speed and fetch of eater
D. we don’t destroy wetlands
D. The gravitational pull of the sun and
moon 1196. if the air is saturated with water (high
humidity) and the temperature drops at
1191. Flat or very gently sloping areas of the night from 40 to 30F what could you ex-
ocean floor. pect in the morning?
A. abyssal plain A. clouds in the sky
B. continental shelf B. frost
C. trench C. heavy rain
D. continental floor D. dew

1.1 HYDROLOGY 138
1197. Salinity with ocean depth. 1201. Water falling from the clouds in the form
A. varies of rain, snow, sleet or hail is
B. increases A. evaporation
C. stays the same B. condensation
D. decreases C. precipitation
D. transpiration
1198. Having pores or openings that permit
liquids or gases to pass through is called
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1202. Why is most of Earths freshwater is not
A. Absorption available for human use.
B. Permeable A. because it’s in the ground
C. Impervious B. because it’s frozen in ice caps and
glaciers
D. Saturation
C. because of pollution
1199. ARID environments may have lots of
D. because of global warming
1203. Which of the following describes cur-

rents?
A. the daily rise and fall of the ocean lev-
els cause by gravitational pull of the moon
and sun on earth
B. the movement of energy through wa-
ter
C. the stream like movement of water
A. BOTH chemical and physical weather-
through a larger body of water
ing
D. the ongoing cycle of water from the
B. physical BUT NOT chemical weather-
land to the atmosphere back to the
ing
ocean/land
C. chemical BUT NOT physical weather-
ing 1204. Which would be the most permeable?
D. none of above A. A
1200. If a body of water has a high level, it B. B

means the water is muddy and unsafe to C. C
drink. D. D
A. turbidity
1205. Letter B best corresponds to
B. salt
C. oxygen
D. runoff
Explanation:Turbidity describes the mud-
diness or clearness of water. If water has
a high level of turbidity, then that means
the water is muddy and undrinkable. A. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 139
B. evaporation 1211. How does no-till farming help the envi-

C. condensation ronment?

D. transpiration A. it decreases soil erosion
B. it increases soil removal
1206. What percent of water do humans have
available to drink? C. it increases fertilizer use
A. 1% D. it decreases crop yield
B. 2% 1212. Which of the following factors does NOT

C. 30% affect surface currents?
D. 97% A. Coriolis effect

B. density
1207. The main goal to join this training is
C. continental deflection
A. I like Hydrology
D. wind
B. I like Mr. Marvin
1213. What covers 70% of Earth’s surface?
C. I like to get a diploma
A. Ice
D. It is part of my job
B. Land
1208. What is the source of energy for the Wa-
C. Liquid water
ter Cycle?
D. Molten rock
A. Ocean
B. Wind 1214. Which of the items tested would most
be affected by the cows at Muddy Run?
C. Moon
A. pH
D. Sun
B. nitrates
1209. What type of front brings the WORST
C. salinity
weather?
D. dissolved oxygen
A. Cold front
B. Warm front 1215. ice crystals fuse together to form
C. Stationary front A. snow flakes
D. Occluded front B. hail
C. glaze
1210. Which of the following IS NOT true
about groundwater? D. sleet
A. Groundwater is the largest freshwater 1216. Which humidity level will experience the
source on Earth. most rainfall?
B. Groundwater is freshwater beneath
Earth’s surface.
C. Groundwater is the largest liquid
freshwater source for humans.
D. Groundwater can maintain streamflow
during times of drought.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 140
A. 95% humidity; high moisture in the air 1220. Name feature B

B. 10% humidity; low moisture in the air

describes NC river systems?
A. Many of North Carolina’s rivers flow to
other states and other bodies of water so A. guyot
therefore it is important to reduce pollu- B. seamount
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tion
C. abyssal plain
B. All of North Carolina’s rivers are re-
stricted to the state of North Carolina D. volcanic island
C. There are more river basins in the 1221. What process of the water does the im-
coastal plains due to rapid elevation age best model?
changes
D. All of North Carolina’s rivers flow East
to the Atlantic Ocean
1218. What are the five Great Lakes?

A. Michigan, Superior, Huron, Erie, and A. Precipitation
Ontario B. Evaporation
B. Ontario, Erie, Huron, Superior, and C. Transpiration
Michigan
D. Condensation
C. Superior, Erie, Michigan, Huron, and
Ontario 1222. Two factors that increases density are
temperature and salinity.
D. Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Su-
perior A. Decreased/colder, increased/higher
B. Increased/colder, decreases/higher
1219. What number in the diagram is showing
the process of collection? 1223. The driving forces behind the water cy-
cle is
A. The Sun’s energy and gravity
B. The sun
C. water
D. gravity
1224. occurs when ice turns directly into

water vapor.
A. 2 A. Sublimation
B. 3 B. Condensation
C. 4 C. Deposition
D. 5 D. Nalancation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 141
1225. In a chocolate chip cookie, what does B. no vegetation and steep slope
the dough represent? C. vegetation and gentle slope

D. no vegetation and gentle slope
1230. Water that infiltrate the soil is called
A. saltwater
B. electrolytes
C. freshwater
D. groundwater
1231. Which of the following would NOT
A. galaxies change the density of water
B. space A. Temperature
C. sun B. Salinity
D. stars C. Color
1226. The amount of mass per unit of volume D. All of these change density
A. Density 1232. Which two letters show a neap tide?

B. Metric Units
C. Mass
D. Volume
1227. What is the purpose of aeration in wa-

ter purification for drinking?
A. A and B
A. To allow bacteria to digest
B. C and D
B. Remove odors
C. A and C
C. Soften
D. B and D
D. Clarify
1233. During which stage do clouds form?
1228. Groundwater can be contaminated by
(select all that apply)
A. eroded soil from runoff
B. The ocean
C. Excess fertilizers
D. Pesticides
E. Heavy Metals A. condensation
1229. Which soil conditions normally result in B. evaporation
the greatest amount of runoff? Question* C. precipitation
A. vegetation and steep slope D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 142
1234. Which statement best describes how 1238. Look at the diagram below. What un-
density is affected by salinity? derwater feature is illustrated at D?
A. As the salinity of the water decreases,
the density increases.
B. As the salinity of the water increases,
the density increases.
C. As the salinity of the water decreases,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
there is no change in density. A. mid ocean ridge
D. There is no relationship between salin- B. volcanic island
ity and density,
C. abyssal plain
1235. The Earth is years old. D. trench
1239. The process in which water changes

from a liquid to a gas (vapor) is called
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. runoff
A. 4.6 million 1240. Most of the water evaporation on Earth

B. 4.6 billion comes from
A. surface lakes
C. 11.3 billion
B. oceans
D. 3.5 billion
C. rivers
1236. Where is MOST of the Earth’s water lo-
D. transpiring plants
cated?
A. oceans 1241. Why is water the universal solvent?
B. rivers A. It dissolves most things
C. lakes B. It gets dissolved in most things
D. glaciers C. It sticks to most things
D. It heats up most things
1237. What is adhesion?
A. Water’s ability to stick to itself 1242. What greenhouse gas is emitted when
fossil fuels are burned?
B. Water’s ability to stick to other sub-
stances A. Oxygen
C. The strength of the cohesion of all the B. Methane

water molecules combined C. Carbon Dioxide
D. Tape, glue and other adhesives D. Hydrogen

1.1 HYDROLOGY 143
1243. A bend in a river or stream 1246. The rise and fall of the water caused
by the gravitational pull of the moon and
A. Meander
it’s interactions with the Earth and Sun is

B. Water Cycle known as what?
C. Evapotranspiration A. Currents
D. Lake B. Waves
C. Tides
1244. The diagram below shows a classroom D. Rivers
using a model they developed to investi-
gate the unequal heating of Earth and its 1247. Am i right or wrong? Only certains
effect on global winds.The model currently streams have a drainage basin, But other
shows that more solar energy is absorbed streams don’t need a drainage basin to ap-
at Earth’s equator than at its poles.How ply water to its stream.
would you revise this model to demon- A. Wrong
strate the Coriolis effect?
B. Right
1248. If you are walking into the ocean you
would be on the continental
A. shelf
B. slope
C. rise
D. none of above
A. Change the tilt of the globe.
B. Change the position of the lights. 1249. Of the two rock samples above, which
one has the capability of storing more
C. Use a weather map instead of the groundwater?
globe.
A. Sample A because the rocks are more
D. Use arrows to show that the globe is dense and therefore less permeable.
spinning to the left (west). B. Sample B because the rocks are more
dense and therefore less permeable.
1245. the measure of how salty water is.
C. Sample A because the rocks are less
dense and therefore more permeable.
D. Sample B because the rocks are less
dense and therefore more permeable.
1250. Which layer is LEASTresistant to weath-
ering?
A. Estuary
B. Salinity
C. Bio-indicators
D. Tributary

1.1 HYDROLOGY 144
A. Layer A 1255. Describe what happens as you descend

B. Layer B through the water column
C. Layer C A. Everything decrease except tempera-

ture increases
D. Layer D
B. Everything increases except density
1251. Marine organisms are classified accord- decreases
ing to how they
C. Everything decreases except tempera-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. live ture increases
B. eat D. Everything increases except tempera-
C. move ture decreases
D. live and move
1256. Polluted water sources (particularly
1252. How do light and temperature change as plastics) are able to travel world-wide on
you descend through the water column? the ocean’s currents
A. Light decreases, temperature in- A. True
creases B. False
B. Light increases, temperature de-
creases 1257. Where would you least likely find plant
life in the ocean?
C. Light decreases, temperature de-
creases A. continental shelf
D. Light increases, temperature in- B. continental slope
creases
C. continental rise
1253. The unequal heating of the Earth creates D. trench
what?
A. Tides 1258. Aquifers are
B. Local Winds A. Places of freshwater that is under-

ground
C. Global Winds
B. Salt water that is located underground
D. Local Winds and Global Winds
C. Oil Deposits
D. Empty caverns that can be used for
storage
1259. Which of the following is a landform

formed by the deposition of sediment at
the mouth of a river?
A. wave height A. Delta

B. wavelength B. Estuary
C. crest C. Floodplain
D. trough D. Gorge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 145
1260. Current that is affected by temperature C. the oceans

and salinity. D. rivers and lakes

A. Thermohaline Current
1266. Waves are caused by
B. Wind Current
A. Wind
C. Surface Current
B. Evaporation
D. Canary Island Current
C. Density
1261. Which statement is true about the
D. Salinity
Earth’s oceans?
A. They are getting larger. 1267. Meteorologists often look at differ-
ences in air pressure when they are try-
B. They have changed over time.
ing to predict the weather. Why do these
C. They have not changed over the last 4 differences occur?
billion years.
A. The moon’s gravity has different
D. They are getting smaller. strengths
1262. What powers the water cycle B. The sun heats different places at dif-
ferent rates
A. Sun
B. Moon C. Earth’s rotation makes different
places move at different speeds
C. Earth
D. Volcanoes add different amounts of
D. Water heat and gas to the air in different places
1263. The water and human wastes that are 1268. An estuary is made up of what kind of
washed down sinks, showers, and toilets water?
are called
A. Saltwater only
A. the water cycle
B. Freshwater only
B. sewage
C. Salt & Fresh water
C. thermal pollution
D. Pure water
D. point pollution sources
1269. How much immediate water do humans
1264. clouds forms when water vapor?
have available?
A. Cools
B. Condenses
C. Both
D. None
1265. Most of Earth’s fresh water that is us-

able for drinking, cooking, washing, etc. is
found in (DOK 2) A. 97%
A. huge masses of ice near the North and B. 3%

South Poles C. 1%
B. groundwater D. 0%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 146
1270. If a newly discovered fish species is

found to live in mildly acidic water, which
is the best estimate of the pH range for
the water?
A. 0-2 A. continental slope
B. 5-6 B. volcanic island
C. 7-8 C. abyssal plain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 13-14 D. sea mount
1271. Which of these would cause a river to 1275. If there is a large number of living or-
dry up? ganisms in and around a water supply,
A. more condensation then could the water supply be considered
healthy?
B. more runoff
A. No, because it contains nitrates.
C. less precipitation
B. No, because it contains living organ-
D. less infiltration isms.
1272. Type of marine ecosystem that is often C. Yes, because it contains bioindicators,
reliant on chemical energy and is indepen- which are used to assess the health of a
dent of sunlight energy or photosynthetic water supply.
producers. D. Yes, because it contains nitrates,
A. open ocean which are used to assess the health of a
water supply.
B. upwelling
C. shore 1276. The change of state from a gas to a liq-
uid
D. deep ocean
A. Condensation
1273. Steven is learning about the Sun in sci-
B. Evaporation
ence class. He thinks that the Sun is only
important for plants. Is Steven correct? C. Heat of Vaporization
A. No, some bacteria and protists use the D. Evapotranspiration
Sun’s energy to make food.
E. Stewardship
B. Yes, only plants use the Sun’s energy
to make food. 1277. Which statement about clouds is true?
C. No, the Sun is a major source of en- A. They are made mostly of invisible wa-
ergy and affects the wind, water, and or- ter vapor.
ganisms up the food chain.
B. They are formed from the evaporation
D. Yes, although other organisms benefit of salt water.
from plants, plants are the only organism
C. They do not need a surface to form on.
that benefit from the Sun.
D. They are a collection of millions of tiny
1274. Label E water droplets.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 147
1278. How many River Basins are in NC? 1284. Identify the ocean at location #1.
A. 12

B. 15
C. 17
D. 20
1279. What causes surface currents? A. Southern Ocean

A. wind B. Arctic Ocean
B. salinity C. Atlantic Ocean
C. temperature D. Indian Ocean
D. density 1285. Which activity would MOST LIKELY pol-
lute and destroy a source of fresh drinking
1280. What form of energy causes water to
water?
change from a liquid to a gas?
A. dumping sewage
A. heat
B. using too much groundwater
B. sound
C. water crops
C. gravity
D. pumping water from aquifers
D. none of above
1286. What are sources of water pollution?
1281. What would MOST LIKELY occur if there
A. Precipitation as Acid rain
was no ozone present in the atmosphere?
B. Runoff water & Groundwater
A. Drought
C. Industry & Household waste
B. Increase in skin cancer
D. All of these
C. No radio communication
D. Water and soil pollution 1287. What do you call an underwater moun-
tain?
1282. The standard Symons’ type rain gauge A. trench
has a collecting area of diameter
B. abyssal plain
A. 12.7 cm
C. seamount
B. 10 cm D. volcanic island
C. 5.08 cm
1288. Which global winds have the greatest
D. 25.4 cm impact on the weather in the US?
1283. Salinity means A. trade winds
A. Density of a mass of water. B. prevailing westerlies
B. Content of salt dissolved in a mass of C. doldrums

water. D. polar easterlies

1.1 HYDROLOGY 148
1289. What ocean is represented by letter E? C. Is the amount of melted snow from
the neighboring mountain range enough
to meet the water needs of the residents?
D. Is the water pumped from the Gulf
of California enough to satisfy the water
needs of the population?
1293. What happens to temperature and den-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
sity as you go deeper into the ocean?
A. Southern A. temperature increases and density de-
B. Indian creases
C. Arctic B. both increase
D. Pacific C. temperature decreases and density in-
creases
1290. Cloudy or opaque; due to stirred up sed-
D. both decrease
iment or particles within the water (not
clear) 1294. Why does warm air rise above cold air?
A. solvent
B. turbid
C. potability
D. dissolved oxygen
1291. Which water cycle step has water cool-

ing and condensing and going from a gas A. Warm air is less dense
to a liquid? B. Warm air is more dense
A. Evaporation C. Cold air is stronger than warm air
B. Condensation D. none of above
C. Precipitation 1295. What ocean is on the West Coast of the
D. Transpiration United States?
A. Atlantic Ocean
1292. You are a building contractor located
in the Sonoran desert in Arizona. Which B. Pacific Ocean
of the following questions would you ask C. Indian Ocean
yourself regarding access to water for a
D. none of above
housing development you are planning to
build? 1296. Which process of the water cycle re-
A. Is the groundwater in the aquifer shal- quires temperature to decrease?
low enough to be pumped by an affordable A. evaporation
well?
B. precipitation
B. Is the amount of rainfall sufficient to
provide for the water needs of the resi- C. condensation
dents? D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 149
1297. Which type of chemical bond involves A. What’s happening in space at a time
the sharing of electron pairs between and place.
atoms?

B. What’s happening in our atmosphere
at a time and place
C. The average weather over many years
D. The average temperature over many
years.
1302. Which is the best example of a point

A. an ionic bond source pollution?
B. a covalent bond A. runoff from fields
C. a hydrogen bond B. pesticides sprayed into the air
D. James Bond
C. oil spill from a boat on the Atlantic
1298. What happens when water infiltrates Ocean
the ground?
D. smoke from multiple industries in a
A. zone of aeration increases large city
B. water table rises and comes closer to
the surface 1303. Transpiration is the process of water be-
C. zone of saturation increases ing evaporated from
D. none of above A. Plants
1299. An area that is drained by a river and B. Animals

its tributaries is a(n) C. Humans
A. River Basin
D. Swamps
B. Watershed
C. Mountain Range 1304. True or false? Horton’s theory deals
D. Plains with the fact that when the rainfall rate
is greater than the infiltration capacity of
1300. Which is hydrology process? the soil, then runoff or pooling will occur.
A. Evaporation
A. True
B. Forest
B. False
C. Digging
D. River 1305. Oceans contain nearly % of Earth’s
1301. What is climate? water.
A. 3
B. 66
C. 50
D. 97

1.1 HYDROLOGY 150
1306. Ocean surface currents are a result of 1311. A permeable layer of sediment or rock
that allows water to flow through is called
A. aquitard
B. aquifer
1312. Water molecules ability to stick to other

surfaces.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Earth’s tilt
C. Density
D. All of the above
1307. A cargo ship in the open ocean spills

thousands of cans of soda off the ship.
Which marine ecosystem will primarily be
disturbed by this spill? A. Cohesion
A. coral reef B. Adhesion
B. surface zone C. Polarity
1308. If a LOW tide occurs at 4:00 PM, when D. Surface Tension

will then next LOW tide occur?
1313. What two sources do we get most
A. 4:24 AM of our fresh water from that enter our
B. 10:12 PM houses?
C. 10:00 AM A. surface groundwater and deep ground-
water
D. 12:00 PM
B. Saltwater from the oceans
1309. During which season is the northern
hemisphere tilted toward the Sun? C. Estuaries
A. Summer D. Glaciers and Polar ice caps
B. Fall 1314. describes water vapor released by

C. Winter plants.
D. Spring A. Transpiration
1310. The steep edge of the continental shelf B. Precipitation

is called C. Condensation
A. Continental slope D. Evaporation
B. Abyssal plain
1315. the top level of the ground water locked
C. Open ocean
or moving through the rock and solid lay-
D. none of above ers is called

1.1 HYDROLOGY 151
1320. An aquifer
A. is a rock layer that cannot hold water

B. is a rock layer that can hold water
C. is impermeable
D. is a soil layer that is not porous
A. an aquifer
1321. A student wants to improve water qual-
B. a water table
ity. Which of the following activities could
C. a watershed the student do to have the best impact?
D. none of above A. turn off the water in the sink while she
brushes her teeth
1316. According to the picture, where is most
of the fresh surface water located on B. read about different kinds of water pol-
Earth? lution
C. Water the lawn even though it rained
yesterday
D. Wash her bike on the grass instead of
on the sidewalk
1322. what is the process when plants give off

water vapour as a waste product?
A. Ice caps
B. Lake
1317. Where does water come from?

A. Rain
B. Comets
C. Volcanoes
D. Ice A. condensation
1318. How do we characterize an air mass B. sublimation
that forms over the ocean?
C. evaporation
A. Dry
D. transpiration
B. Wet
C. Cold 1323. Water travels up from the roots of a
tree to the top because of
D. Warm
A. adhesion and cohesion
1319. What type of air pressure does cold
dense air have? B. surface tension
A. High pressure C. specific heat capacity
B. Low pressure D. density of water compared to ice

1.1 HYDROLOGY 152
1324. Which of the following is NOT an exam- B. silt fields

ple of precipitation? C. wetlands
A. sleet
D. floodplains
B. hail
1330. Tanya makes a table with the weather
C. fog
conditions at a body of water for five days.
D. rain What day did the body of water most
likely evaporate the fastest?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1325. Air masses that have the greatest in-
fluence on weather in the mid-western
United States are
A. mT and cT air masses
B. cP and mT air masses
C. mP and cP air masses
D. cT and cP air masses
1326. Most of Earth’s fresh water is found in: A. Friday

A. huge masses of ice near the north and B. Thursday
south poles C. Tuesday
B. the oceans D. Monday
C. cracks and spaces in underground soil
and rock 1331. Name the type of sediment that re-
quires the lowest velocity to be eroded.
D. rivers and lakes
1327. What is located at 0 degrees on Earth?

A. Pole
B. Doldrums
C. Horse Latitude
D. Polar Easterlies A. Clay
1328. The sun’s energy B. Silt
A. changes daily C. Sand
B. heats the ocean before evaporation D. Really small particles
C. directly causes evaportation
1332. A measure of the amount of dissolved
D. none of above salts in a given amount of liquid
1329. Marshes, swamps, and bogs are similar A. Salinity
because they are really soggy or even cov- B. Adhesion
ered with water most of the year. They
C. Infiltration
are also very rich ecosystems. What is a
term that we can call all of these areas? D. Stewardship
A. bayou E. Specific heat

1.1 HYDROLOGY 153
1333. Changes in the positions of Earth, the 1337. Lucas built a model to show the effect
moon, and the sun affect the height of high of human population growth on an aquifer
tides during a month. that supplies water for a growing city. He

A. True placed a tub under a stream of water until
the tub filled and began to overflow. Then
B. False he used a water pump to begin removing
1334. The type of pollution where the origin water from the tub. At first he pumped
of the pollution is difficult to pinpoint. slowly, and the water still overflowed.
Then he pumped harder until, eventually,
the water level in the tub began to go
down. What is represented by the tub in
this model?
A. The containment of the water in an un-
derground area
B. The water that enters the aquifer due
to precipitation and runoff
A. Point Source Pollution
C. The amount of water that flows out of
B. Non-Point Pollution the aquifer as natural springs
C. Ground Water Pollution
D. The amount of water from the aquifer
D. none of above that is used by the city
1335. Where does runoff collect?
1338. what is the coriolis effect?
A. rivers, lakes, ponds, and ocean
B. bathtubs, sinks, and water heaters
C. swimming pools
D. fields, soil, and porous rocks
1336. Fertilizers used to improve lawns and

gardens may interfere with the equilibrium
(or balance) of an ecosystem because they
A. change in location of warm and cold

surface water every 2-7 years
B. tendency of objects moving large dis-
tances on Earth’s surface to bend to the
right in the northern hemisphere to the
left in the southern hemisphere
A. cause mutation in all plants
C. winds in northern Indian ocean that
B. cannot be absorbed by roots blow from the southwest in the summer
C. can be carried into local water sup- from the northeast in winter
plies D. two layers of horizontal winds moving
D. cause atmosphere pollution in opposite directions

1.1 HYDROLOGY 154
1339. The biosphere includes plants and ani- A. Water

mals that live B. Land
A. on land C. Both heat at the same rate
B. on land and in the water D. none of above
C. on land, in water, and in the air
1345. The Coriolis Effect changes a current’s
D. in water path due to Earth’s
1340. Why are estuaries important?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. They hold all of the drinkable water for
a geographic area
B. Most fish complete at least a part of
their life cycle here
C. They are rare
D. They are only important in equatorial
regions.
1341. Rain, sleet, snow, hail are what part of

the water cycle? A. rotation
A. Condensation B. winds
B. Precipitation C. tides
C. Evaporation D. temperature differences
D. Runoff
1346. Factors that affect the density of sea-
1342. What is true about an ocean current that water:
is moving toward the polar regions? A. Salinity and Location
A. It is fast B. Water Temperature and Location
B. It is cold C. Salinity and Water Temperature
C. It is slow D. Upwells and Gyres
D. It is warm
1343. Sodium chloride:NaCl, Salt in the ocean condensation?
comes from rocks on land. A. water leaving a boiling pan
A. True B. hail
B. False C. water droplets on mirror after a
1344. What heats up faster, water or land? shower
D. water drying up from puddle
1348. Salt water makes up % of Earth’s

water.
A. 97%
B. 50%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 155
C. 3% 1354. What is the main cause of tides?

D. 65% A. global winds

B. gravity
1349. What would a maritime Tropical air
mass be described as? C. density
A. warm, dry D. temperature
B. warm, moist 1355. Where would a scientist find the most
C. cold, dry freshwater on Earth?
A. Equator
D. cool, moist
B. Ice caps and glaciers
1350. Starting in South America, if you were
C. Rivers
to travel east around the world, in which
order would you pass through Earth’s D. Lakes
oceans?
1356. What percent of Earth’s freshwater is
A. Indian, Pacific, Atlantic available for humans to use?
B. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian A. 3
C. Pacific, Indian, Atlantic B. less than 1
D. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific C. 97
D. 10
1351. Which of the following causes surface
currents to be curved instead of straight 1357. The Environmental Protection Agency
A. high pressure was assigned which task?
B. wind A. setting standards and governing the

cleanliness of water used by Americans
C. coriolis effect
B. setting standards and governing the
D. the sun highways and interstates in the United
States
flows through the ocean is called a C. setting standards and governing the
use of national parks and monuments in
A. wave the United States
B. tide D. setting standards and governing the
C. current civil and commercial air transportation
throughout America
D. sandbar
1358. Before we begin, what do you THINK
1353. Approximately, what percent of the causes ocean tides?
Earth’s surface is covered with water?
A. 3%
B. 30%
C. 70%
D. 97%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 156
A. wind 1362. Conduction, Convection, or Radia-

tion?water boiling
B. underwater earthquakes
C. The Earth’s rotation
D. The gravitational pull between the
Earth, sun and the moon
1359. This region is best known for its rolling
NARAYAN CHANGDER
hills and valuable resources like kyanite
A. Conduction
and high quality slate:
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. none of above
1363. Why do we need to conserve water?
A. Piedmont
B. Appalachian Plateau
C. Coastal Plain
D. Blue Ridge
1360. Which of the following best explains A. It is an unlimited resource.

why water near the equator has a higher B. It is a limited resource.
salinity than other parts of the ocean?
A. Most rivers from continents empty into
the ocean near the Equator, dumping their D. There is no need to conserve water.
sediment.
1364. According to the diagram, which state-
B. There are more sea animals there, and ment best describes what happens to
sea animals increase the salinity ocean water when it is cooled? (DOK 3)
C. Ocean water near the equator has a
cooler temperature allowing the salinity
level to be higher.
D. Ocean water evaporates more quickly
near the Equator, leaving behind dis-
solved salts.
1361. Surface currents

A. occur below the surface of the water. A. It moves faster than warmer water.
B. occur above the surface of the water. B. It is more dense than warmer water
C. occur on the surface of the water. C. It will rise above warmer water.
D. All of the above. D. It is less dense than warmer water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 157
1365. Which of the following is NOT a way to A. Point A

conserve water? B. Point B

C. Point C
D. Point D
1368. How many high tides occur each day?
A. tightly turn off the faucet to prevent

drips
B. using paper plates cups A. 1
C. allowing the faucet to run while brush- B. 2

ing teeth C. 3
D. refilling the same water bottle/cup all D. 4
day to cut back on dishes
1369. Which of the following factors does not
1366. What is the process of water droplets influence stream velocity?
or ice crystals falling from the sky? A. channel size and shape
B. stream gradient
C. stream elevation
D. discharge of a stream
1370. The upper boundary of the zone of sat-

uration is the
A. Watershed
B. Zone of Saturation
C. Water Table
A. evaporating
D. Aquifers
B. condensing
E. Permeability
C. precipitating
D. runoff 1371. What water body do you see?
1367. Which point in the diagram represents

the abyssal plain?
A. Dead Sea

1.1 HYDROLOGY 158
B. Lake Tanganyika C. maximum discharge of a river as a re-

C. Caspian Sea sult of a storm
D. Study Sea D. total precipitation on the ground sur-

face
1372. Which of the following is a factor that
can increase a river’s discharge? 1376. The picture above shows an example of
A. Increased vegetation cover
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Reduced urbanization
C. Increased precipitation
D. Reduced gradient
1373. What is the land next to the river called

and how would you describe it? A. Well sorted sediment
B. Poorly sorted sediment
1377. Estuaries are great nurseries for marine

life because of the high amount of in the
water.
A. nutrients
B. Oxygen
A. Floodplain, steep land next to the river. C. salt
B. Floodplain, flat land next to the river. D. Temperature

Explanation:Estuaries are areas where
C. Floodplain, flat land away from the freshwater from rivers and streams mixes
river. with saltwater from the ocean. This cre-
D. Floodplain, flat land on top of the river. ates a unique environment that is rich in
nutrients and provides a safe and shel-
1374. Hydrology is the science that studies: tered habitat for many species of marine
A. a-Maps and the earth’s surface life.
B. b-The behavior of groundwater and 1378. Which letter represents oxygen?
runoff
C. c-The circulation and distribution of
water between the atmosphere and the
soil.
D. d-The behavior of water in the atmo-
sphere
1375. Peak flow on a hydrograph is

A. annual variation in the discharge of a
river
B. time between the height of a storm and A. A
the maximum flow of a river B. B

1.1 HYDROLOGY 159
C. C D. water infiltrates from oceans into the

D. D atmosphere where it collects and falls as
transpiration, condensing into the ground

1379. Which of the following statements is to refill aquifers
true about ocean water temperature and
1382. Which of the following best describes a
depth?
River Basin?
A. As depth increases, temperature in-
A. a part of the ground water
creases.
B. an area of land
B. As depth increases, temperature de-
creases. C. body of water
C. As depth increases, temperature de- D. underground water
creases, then increases. 1383. Label the groundwater region that is
D. Temperature and depth are not related highlighted in yellow.
in ocean water.
1380. What is hydrology?
A. Zone of Aeration
A. the study of water
C. Percolation
B. the study of the planets in our solar
D. Water Table
system
C. the study of the weather 1384. Which would be the most permeable?
D. the study of the Earth
1381. What best describes the connection be-

tween oceans and aquifers?
A. water evaporates from oceans into the A. a
atmosphere where it collects and falls as B. b
precipitation, infiltrating the ground to re-
fill aquifers C. c
D. d
B. water condenses from oceans into the
atmosphere where it collects and falls as 1385. What is the fourth zone of the ocean
evaporation, infiltrating the ground to re- called?
fill aquifers
A. Midnight
C. water transpires from oceans into the B. Sunlight
atmosphere where it collects and falls as
precipitation, evaporating into the ground C. Abyss
to refill aquifers D. Trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 160
1386. Huge cracks in the ocean floor that cre- 1390. Which of the following earth surfaces
ate the deepest part of the ocean. usually reflects the most incoming solar ra-
diation?
A. snow cover
B. dark soil
C. green grass
A. Mid-ocean Ridge D. lake water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Ocean Trench
1391. A mountain rising from the ocean floor
C. Guyot that does not reach water’s surface.
D. Seamount
A. volcanic island
1387. How can pollution in one person’s B. continental shelf
aquifer affect the people who share that
aquifer? C. seamount
A. . pollution will be transported to other D. guyot
peoples well
1392. Which area will have low runoff?
B. they will not be affected but people
in the next watershed will have contami-
nated water
C. they will all share the pollution in the
aquifer if they use well water
D. it won’t
1388. A floodplain is adjacent to a and is
periodically covered with water.
A. Forest
B. Urban
C. Digging
A. ocean
D. Factory area
B. water pipeline
C. stream 1393. Choose the correct option
D. parking lot
1389. The streams and smaller rivers that feed
into a main river are called
A. head water
B. watersheds
C. tributaries
D. watershed divides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 161
A. Energy from the Sun is heating the wa- 1396. The measure of dissolved salts in a
ter in the lake, causing some of it to evap- given volume of water.
orate into water vapor.

A. Salinity
B. Energy from the clouds is heating the B. Salt water
water in the lake, causing some of it to
condense into water vapor. 1397. mL of water is added to each tube and
C. The clouds are creating a gravitational allowed to drain out. Which container
force that attracts water from the lake. would have the highest retention of water
after it drained? (particle size gets bigger
D. The Sun is creating a gravitational as you move to the right)
force that attracts water from the lake.
1394. Based on the weather map, which city

will most likely experience increasing tem-
peratures during the next 24 hours?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. They would all be the same in terms of
retention
A. Denver, because it is raining there
1398. What letter represents evaporation?
B. Minneapolis, because a cold front is
approaching
C. Atlanta, because a warm front is ap-
proaching
D. Houston, because it is in a high pres-
sure area
1395. Which is a result of pollution from runoff

down a watershed?
A. D
A. The pollutants decrease the amount of
B. F
oxygen released because photosynthesis
cannot occur C. A
B. The pollutants decrease the amount of D. B
food available to aquatic life because pho-
1399. What causes condensation to occur?
tosynthesis cannot occur
A. This is when warmth from the
C. The pollutants increase the haziness
sun causes water from oceans, lakes,
of the water reducing the amount of sun-
streams, ice and soils to rise into the air
light which prevents photosynthesis from
and turn into water vapour (gas). Wa-
occurring
ter vapour droplets join together to make
D. All of above clouds!

1.1 HYDROLOGY 162
B. This is when water (in the form of rain, B. earth’s rotation that causes currents
snow, hail or sleet) falls from clouds in the in the northern hemisphere to move clock-
sky. wise and southern hemisphere currents
to move counter clockwise
C. This is when water that falls from the
clouds as rain, snow, hail or sleet, collects 1404. Water stored in underground layer
in the oceans, rivers, lakes, streams.
D. when warm air collides with cold sur-
faces, or when there’s too much humidity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
in your home.
1400. “Gas to liquid”

A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Runoff A. Aquifers
1401. Which of the following factors affects B. Zone of Aeration
the amount of water that enters a river C. Zone of Saturation
system? D. Groundwater
A. The amount of rainfall in the area
1405. What is a delta?
B. The amount of vegetation in the area
C. The type of soil in the area
D. All of the answers
1402. Air masses flow from

A. cold temperature to cold temperature.
B. warm temperature to warm tempera-
ture.
C. cold temperature to warm tempera- A. Area of water
ture. B. fan shaped mass of material deposited
D. warm temperature to cold tempera- at the mouth of a stream
ture. C. slope of land
D. sediments deposited at a river
1403. What is the Coriolis effect and why is
it important in understanding surface cur- 1406. Which letter represents the Mid-Ocean
rents? Ridge?
A. earth’s rotation that causes currents
in the northern hemisphere counterclock-
wise and southern hemisphere currents
to move clockwise

1.1 HYDROLOGY 163
A. A 1411. Which of the following statements is

B. B true about the relationship between salin-
ity and density?

C. C
D. D A. As the salinity of water increases, the
density of the water stays the same.
1407. If a business is considered to be
B. As the salinity of water decreases, the
“green”, how could you add to the elec-
density of the water stays the same.
trical power system?
A. use hydroelectricity C. As the salinity of water increases, the
density of the water also decreases.
B. add solar panels to roof
C. use nuclear power D. As the salinity of water increases, the
density of the water increases.
D. use a coal powered generator
1408. Which of the following is NOT usually 1412. A basin or drainage unit is useful in hy-
found in the youthful stage of a river? drological study because:
A. waterfalls A. It is useful for territorial planning and
B. rapids area measurement
C. steep slope B. All the water that rains infiltrates and

remains in the basin
D. meanders
C. All the water that enters leaves in a
1409. Which best describes rivers, streams, time equal to or less than that of rain
and lakes?
D. All incoming water can be accounted
A. surface salt water
for, as can outflows and accumulations.
B. salty groundwater
C. fresh groundwater 1413. Large bodies of water do not quickly
D. surface fresh water fluctuate in temperature. Why?
A. Water is a solvent.
1410. If the sky was clear in picture X, then
the snow ontop of the mountain would B. Water has a high heat capacity.
C. Water acts as a buffer.
D. Water is non-polar.
1414. Groundwater contaminated by sewage

from a ruptured septic tank can sometimes
A. take in heat energy from the Sun and be naturally purified by flowing for a rela-
turn intoice. tively short distance through a
B. give off heat energy to the Sun and A. sandstone aquifer
turn into aliquid.
B. fractured limestone aquifer
C. give off heat energy to the Sun and
turn into agas. C. cavernous limestone aquifer
D. take in heat energy from the Sun and D. spring where the water table inter-
turn into aliquid. sects the ground surface

1.1 HYDROLOGY 164
1415. Where is most of Earth’s water found? 1419. What phase of the water cycle causes
salinity to decrease?
A. lakes
A. Transpiration
B. oceans
B. Evaporation
C. streams
C. Precipitation
D. aquifers
D. Condensation
1416. This protects us from harmful UV rays
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1420. Water that is found underground in the
from the sun
cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock is
A. Troposphere called:
B. Stratosphere
C. Greenhouse Effect
D. Ozone Layer
1417. Which letter represents an abyssal A. Groundwater

plain?
B. River
C. Surface water
D. Snow
1421. This is defined as the slope of the

stream channel
A. C A. stream velocity
B. B B. stream gradient
C. Stream competence
C. E
D. Stream capacity
D. G
1422. How much of Earth’s water is drinkable
1418. Which type of tide is created by the fol- by humans and animals?
lowing a
A. 97%
B. 3%
C. 1%
D. none of above
1423. The rising and sinking of cold and warm

water layers in a lake is called
A. Neap tide A. evaporation
B. Spring tide B. condensation
C. High tide C. eutrophication
D. Low tide D. turnover

1.1 HYDROLOGY 165
1424. Deep currents are caused by 1429. The Whole Earth gets the same amount
of Sunlight at the same time.
A. differences in density of ocean water.

B. the Coriolis effect A. True
C. global wind belts. B. False
D. continental barriers. 1430. where are you most likely to find

ridges, hydrothermal vents and tectonic
1425. What feature of the ocean floor is plate boundaries?
shown at image 3?
A. on land
A. Seamount
B. in lakes
B. Volcanic island
C. at the bottom of the ocean
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. around the edge of rain forests
D. Abyssal Plain
1431. Temperature and Salinity of the Ocean
1426. Which of the following is a process of water can impact the density of the water
river erosion that is responsible for the for-
mation of potholes? A. True
A. Lateral erosion B. False
B. Vertical erosion 1432. Increasing the fresh water entering the

C. Hydraulic action water cycle would
D. Attrition A. increase ocean salinity

B. decrease ocean salinity
1427. What is the difference between a vol-
canic island & a seamount? C. increase precipitation
A. A volcanic island rises above the sur- D. melt the polar ice caps
face of the water & a seamount does not
1433. Which type of soil can retain the great-
B. A seamount rises above the surface of est amount of water?
the water & a volcanic island does not
A. one that has low porosity
C. Both the seamount & volcanic island
B. one that has high porosity
are underwater
C. one that has low permeability
D. Both the seamount & the volcanic is-
land rise above the water D. one that has high permeability
1428. Which factor contributes most to 1434. The Earth rotates. This affects the direc-
changes in surface ocean currents as the tion of winds and currents. It is called the
seasons change?
A. shifting wind patterns A. Coriolis Effect
B. shifting magnetic fields B. Climate
C. increasing water salinity C. Gulf Stream
D. decreasing tectonic activity D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 166
1435. If a substance has a high specific heat 1440. A hydrologist could answer any of the
capacity, that means following questions EXCEPT
A. It takes LESS energy to change the A. �Where are good sources of water?
temperature of that substance / Se nece- B. �How are humans impacting our water
sita MENOS energía para cambiar la tem- supply?
peratura de esa sustancia
C. �Where do we need water?
B. it takes MORE energy to change the
D. �How do we conserve water?
temperature of that substance
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. �What chemical bond holds the hydro-
C. it is really hot gen atoms to an oxygen atom in water?
D. it never gets hot
1441. Thiesson polygon method is used to
1436. List Earth’s Oceans from largest to measure
smallest A. evaporation
A. Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Indian, Arc- B. transpiration
tic C. average precipitation
B. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arc- D. average evaporation
tic
1442. There are 3 types of heat transfer.
C. Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern, In-
Which type of heat transfer happens when
dian
you turn on a heater to heat up a room?
D. Atlantic, Southern, Indian, Arctic, Pa-
A. conduction
cific
B. radiation
1437. In order for water vapor to form, what C. convection
must occur?
D. density
A. Precipitation
1443. Why do Spring tides have a higher tidal
B. Condensation
range than neap tides?
C. Evaporation A. The sun and moon work together dur-
D. Transpiration ing spring tides
B. During the Spring the Coriolis Effect is
1438. What type of currents come from the
stronger
POLES?
C. Neap tides occur during winter, Spring
A. warm
tides occur in the Spring
B. cold
D. The sun and the moon pull in opposite
1439. A surface water source created to sup- directions
port the human population’s demand for 1444. The area of permeable rock or soil that
water is totally filled with water is called
A. Man-made A. topsoil
B. Perennial B. runoff
C. Ephemeral C. abyssal plain
D. Aquifer D. saturated zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 167
1445. Tides with the smallest daily tidal range B. marginal land
and occur during the first and third quar- C. drought
ters of the moon

D. pastoral nomads
A. Neap Tide
1451. Why does water move from the roots
B. Spring Tide
to the leaves of plants?
C. Shallow Tide A. Water is pushed by solutes
D. Deep Tide B. Capillary action pulls the water
molecules like a chain
1446. A process by which nutrients, partic-
ularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become C. Water is pulled by gravity
highly concentrated in a body of water, D. Water’s cohesion causes it to “pull” to-
leading to increased growth of organisms wards the leaves
such as algae or cyanobacteria.
1452. Define condensation
A. Overgrowth
B. Sublimation the air cools and becomes liquid water
C. Eutrophication B. he process by which liquid water
D. None of the above changes to water vapor
C. the evaporation of water from plants
1447. What is called water released from
plants as vapors? D. water that moves through soil or rock
underground
A. precipitation
B. transpiration 1453. What is the most effective way to pre-
vent the spread of viruses?
C. condensation
A. antibiotics
D. evaporation
B. vaccines
1448. The bottom of an aquifer is formed by a C. antivirals
rock to water. D. social distancing
A. permeable
1454. The land area that supplies water to a
B. Impermeable river system.
1449. A submerged area that rims the land, be-
ginning at the shoreline and gently sloping
down.
C. trench
D. rift A. Groundwater
1450. The process by which land becomes in- B. Watershed
creasingly dry to a point of being useless. C. T rib barrel
A. desertification D. Water Table

1.1 HYDROLOGY 168
1455. A measure of how hot or cold something A. Absorption

is. B. Transpiration
A. density C. Condensation
B. composition D. Perspiration
C. accumulation
1460. The heat powers the water cycle.
D. temperature
A. sun’s
1456. Both Manatee and Fanning Springs are
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. moon’s
2 local first magnitude springs.
C. oven’s
A. True
D. cloud’s
B. False
1461. What process causes liquid water to
1457. At point 3 in the diagram, the cur- evaporate from plant leaves and enter the
rent flows toward the equator. atmosphere as water vapor?
A. evaporation
A. surface; slowly B. infiltration
B. surface; quickly C. precipitation
C. deep; slowly D. transpiration
D. deep; quickly E. condensation
1458. Which part of the river is located at a 1462. The type of formation shown is at
higher elevation? the southern end of the Mississippi river.
A. Mouth What is it called?
B. Source
C. Delta
D. Floodplain
1459. In the cloud marked with a question
mark, what process in the water cycle is
taking place?
A. coastal erosion
B. a delta
C. a loess
D. sand dunes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 169
1463. As more energy is added to the water, B. Salt water

the water molecules move and father C. Fresh water
apart.

D. Groundwater
A. faster
1468. In order for water to collect in Earth’s
B. slower
atmosphere and form clouds, it must first
1464. The area of the ocean floor that’s sud- undergo what process?
denly drops off is called the?
A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope
C. Trench
D. Abyssal plain
1465. Where does the bulk of our water use

go towards? A. condensation
A. Agriculture B. convection
B. Industry C. evaporation
C. Personal D. precipitation
D. Astronomical 1469. This occurs when there is an abundance
of water vapor suspended in the air
1466. How would heavy cloud cover most
likely affect the water cycle? A. frost
A. Sunlight reflecting off the clouds would B. heat
increase the rate of precipitation. C. humidity
B. Sunlight reflecting off the clouds would D. dew
decrease the rate of condensation.
1470. Which statement describes MOST
C. Less sunlight reaching the surface groundwater?
would increase the rate of transpiration.
A. Groundwater is found in underground
D. Less sunlight reaching the surface lakes, rivers, and streams.
would decrease the rate of evaporation.
B. Groundwater is found in the spaces
1467. Three-fourths of Earth’s surface is cov- (pores) between rocks, gravel, and sand.
ered by water. Which of these describes C. Groundwater is seperate from surface
nearly 97% of the water on Earth’s sur- water and moves in its own cycle.
face?
D. Groundwater is left below the surface
for years or decades at the time.
1471. The end of a river
A. Mouth
B. Basin
C. Headwaters
A. Ice D. Divide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 170
1472. The picture illustrates the rotation of 1476. Which ocean is on the East Coast of the
ocean currents in the Northern and South- United States?
ern Hemispheres. The rotation of currents
A. Atlantic Ocean
in the Northern Hemisphere affects the
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Southern Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Indian Ocean
1477. All the water on or surrounding the sur-

face of the planet (oceans, lakesm rivers,
water in the atmosphere.)
A. Hydrosphere
A. strength of hurricanes.
B. Water Cycle
B. climates of landmasses.
C. Atmosphere
C. number of storms that develop.
D. Stratosphere
D. amount of wind in the lower latitudes.
1478. In 365 days, the Earth around the
1473. Tides are caused by Sun
A. strong winds A. Rotates
B. the interaction of the Earth, moon, and B. Revolves
sun
C. the shifting of the plates on the ocean 1479. The diagrams shows a rock with water
floor trapped in the cracks during the day and at
night.Which statement best explains why
D. Earth’s rotation this process results in weathering?
1474. Any form of water that falls to Earth’s
surface from the clouds is called what?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Sublimation
1475. What is a major drawback of the struc- A. frozen water acts as a solute
ture shown in the picture below?
B. water expands when it freezes
A. Increased shoreline pollution
C. the mass of water increases when it
B. Decreased dissolved oxygen freezes
C. Increased beach erosion
D. frozen water dissolves most types of
D. Decreased flooding rock

1.1 HYDROLOGY 171
1480. What does surface run-off mean? 1485. How does the amount of rain affect hu-
A. The movement of water that is uncon- midity?

fined by a channel across the surface of A. more rain = lower humidity
the ground B. rain does not affect humidity
B. The movement of water from the
C. less rain = lower humidity
ground surface into the soil
D. none of above
C. When plants take up liquid water from
the soil and release water vapour into the 1486. snow sleet and rain are all examples of
air from their leaves what?
D. none of above
1481. Of the four pathogens we studied,
which is the only one that is nonliving?
A. virus
B. bacteria
A. evaporation
C. fungi
B. accumulation
D. parasite
C. condensation
1482. How much water on earth is available
D. precipitation
for humans to use?
A. 1% 1487. Which factor is most important in de-
B. 2% termining how much ground water can be
stored in underground rock
C. 3%
A. A rocks location
D. 4%
B. A rocks porosity
1483. What is the cause of most ocean surface
C. A Rocks hardness
currents?
D. The rocks geological age
A. the moon
B. wind 1488. How is water from plants transported
C. gravity into the atmosphere?
D. upwelling A. Transpiration
B. Precipitation
1484. How do plants play a part in the water
cycle? C. Condensation
A. They move water from the atmosphere D. Sublimation
to the ground
1489. What feature of the ocean floor forms
B. They move water from the ground to at a subduction zone?
the atmosphere
A. continental shelf
C. They move water from the atmosphere
to rivers B. continental slope
D. They move water from the ground to C. ocean trench

aquifers D. abyssal plain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 172
1490. Which natural force creates surface cur- 1496. Locate the Gulf Stream Current on the
rents? map and choose the statement below that
A. Gravity is true:
B. Wind
C. Sunlight
D. Waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1491. What source is primarily responsible for
ocean tides?
A. The Gulf Stream impacts the weather
A. Comets in California.
B. Gravity B. The Gulf Stream impacts the weather
C. The Sun in Australia.
D. Magnetism C. The Gulf Stream impacts the weather
in Europe.
1492. Kelly wants to build a small koi fish
pond in her backyard. What natural mate- D. The Gulf Stream impacts the weather
rial should she line her pond with to make in South America.
sure that no water leaks out of the pond 1497. Salt water is (more/less) dense then
through gravitational water flow? fresh water
A. sand A. More
B. gravel B. Less
C. loam C. None of the above
D. clay D. both
1493. What is an unconfined aquifer? 1498. The map above shows ocean currents.
A. has an impermeable layer above and Based on Europe’s location, how might
below it ocean currents affect its climate? (DOK 2)
B. is not constrained above
C. is not constrained below
1494. Salinity means
A. Density of a body of water.
B. Dissolved salt content in a body of wa-
ter. A. The Gulf Stream current warms Eu-
rope’s climate
1495. Where can most of the fresh water on
Earth be found? B. The Gulf Stream current cools Eu-
rope’s climate.
A. Underground
C. The California Current warms Eu-
B. Ice Caps/Glaciers rope’s climate
C. Oceans D. The California Current cools Europe’s
D. Lakes climate

1.1 HYDROLOGY 173
1499. When water vapor turns into water B. Ozone in the atmosphere will decrease
droplets on the outside of a glass because C. More water will be absorbed from the
of cooling

area lakes
D. Water in the atmosphere will undergo
a phase change
1503. Which part of the water cycle is indi-

cated by the red arrow?
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. melting
D. boiling
1500. Define evaporation

A. Accumulation
A. the process by which liquid water
changes to water vapor B. Run Off
B. water that moves through soil or rock C. Evaporation
underground D. Condensation
C. any form of water that falls from
clouds to Earth’s surface 1504. The type of pollution where the origin of
the pollution (often times human beings)
D. the process by which water vapor in can be designated.
the air cools and becomes liquid water
1501. Name the feature for E
A. volcanic island
B. volcanic arc
B. Non-Point Pollution
C. seamount
D. mid-ocean ridge
D. none of above
1502. When a cold front moves over a land re-
gion that has warm, moist air, a transfer 1505. What makes the surface of the ocean a
of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes different temperature from the rest?
warmer air upward. As energy is removed A. global warming
from the air, which change will most likely
take place? B. the sun
A. Less ultraviolet radiation will reach the C. human activities

land D. glaciers melting

1.1 HYDROLOGY 174
1506. The robustness of the water molecule 1511. Spring flood is formed by
means that it stays as a water molecule A. Rain water
within our atmosphere because there is
not enough energy available to break the B. Melting ice and snow
ionic bonds and create separate oxygen C. Shower (heavy rain)
and hydrogen molecules.
D. Groundwater
A. True
1512. Which best describes the composition,
B. False
NARAYAN CHANGDER
or make-up, of clouds?
1507. Which location would allow the least A. They are made of heated air.
amount of water to be absorbed into the
B. They are made of air pollution.
ground?
C. They are made of tiny droplets of wa-
A. a grassy terrain
ter.
B. a sandy beach
D. They are made of carbon dioxide and
C. a forest oxygen.
D. a mountain 1513. Drought are always long term
1508. Area of land drained by a river system A. False
A. tributary B. True
B. delta 1514. The process by which plants release wa-
C. floodplain ter through the pores in their leaves is
called
D. watershed
1509. In the Youthful Stage of a river (in the

mountains), what shape valley does the
river cut into the hillside?
A. “S” shape
B. “U” shape
C. “L” shape A. accumulation
D. “V” shape B. dormancy
1510. What is the water division on earth? C. photosynthesis
A. ocean water 97.5 % freshwater frozen D. transpiration
as ice 1.5 % and freshwater 1%
1515. Which of the following happens when
B. ocean water-47%, freshwater 50%, the polar ice caps melt?
freshwater frozen as ice 3%
A. headlands become valleys
C. ocean water 1%, freshwater frozen as
ice-90%, freshwater9% B. tectonic plates move
D. freshwater-33.33%, freshwater frozen C. sea levels fall

as ice 33.33%, ocean water 33.33% D. sea levels rise

1.1 HYDROLOGY 175
1516. When we go to beach, we are allowed A. unconformity

to go on B. principle of original horizontality

C. principle of cross-cutting relationships
D. angular unconformity
1521. What is transpiration?
A. continental slope A. The evaporation of water directly from

plants
B. the process of hot water rising and
C. abyssal plain cold water sinking
D. sea mount C. the absorption of water as it filters
through the soil
1517. What is happening when water leaves
your body and returns to the air as water D. the process of liquid water changing
vapor into a gas driven by solar power
A. Evaporation 1522. What is the difference between a vol-
B. Transpiration canic island a seamount?
C. Condensation
D. Precipitation
1518. What usually causes tsunamis?
A. Hurricanes
B. High-pressure weather systems
C. The collision of ocean currents
A. A volcanic island rises above the water
D. Undersea earthquakes
a seamount does not
1519. The amount of dissolved salts in water B. A seamount rises above the water a
is called volcanic island does not
A. spring C. Both the seamount volcanic island are
B. saturated underwater
C. saltwater D. Both the seamount the volcanic island
rise above the water
D. salinity
1523. Refer to the diagram above. High and
1520. a principle of relative dating; a rock or
low tides occur twice daily at regular inter-
fault is younger than any rock or fault
vals. Which of the following letters indi-
through which it cuts
cates where high tide is occurring and best
explains why?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 176
A. Letters B and D indicate high tides, 1526. Where does most erosion occur in a me-
where the tidal bulges would occur be- ander bend?
cause of the Coriolis Effect. A. On the inside of the bend
B. Letters A and B indicate high tides, B. On the outside of the bend
where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the strong winds blowing across C. On the slip-off slope
the oceans. D. On the corner
C. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cause of the gravitational pull between
the Earth and the moon.
D. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
cause of the differences in density and
salinity of the ocean water.
1524. Which of the following describes a local A. infiltration

wind? B. condensation
A. A land breeze that is caused by the un- C. precipitation
equal heating of land and air. D. evaporation
B. Warm winds blowing from the equator E. transpiration
to the poles.
1528. The in sugars and starches of food
C. Cold winds blowing from the poles to
fuels all your body functions and move-
the equator.
ments, and provides the thermal energy
D. Clouds covering the sky cause winds to that keeps your body temperature con-
blow. stant.
1525. How do plants weather rocks? A. nuclear energy

B. chemical energy
C. electrical energy
D. light energy
1529. Which reservoir has the most freshwa-

ter?
A. Aquifers
B. Oceans
A. During photosynthesis
C. Lakes
B. When roots grow into cracks of rocks
and expand the rock breaks. D. Glaciers
C. When the plant moves water from the 1530. What is the source of energy that drives
roots to the leaves, the rock breaks. the hydrologic cycle?
D. Plants don’t weather rocks. A. The Sun

1.1 HYDROLOGY 177
B. Hydraulics 1535. We get almost all of the water that we

drink from:
C. Water

A. the oceans
D. Precipitation
B. rivers and lakes
1531. Leaving one’s home to live in a new C. melting ice
place
D. ground water
1536. What is it called the process where

plants release water vapor through stom-
ata?
A. Emigration
B. Immigration
C. Urbanization A. condensation
D. Ruralization B. evaporation
1532. conceptual models in preparing hydro- C. sublimation

graph is D. transpiration
A. fourier-series 1537. The picture below shows what happens
B. matrix method when a glass of water is left in the sun-
shine for a period of time.Which process
C. orthogonal expansion can a scientist explain with this model?
D. nash-cascade
1533. What are surface currents caused by?

A. floods
B. equator
C. warm water
D. wind A. boiling
B. condensation
1534. When fertilizers lead to low oxygen in
a lake, this can happen: C. evaporation
A. algae consume the oxygen D. melting
B. bacteria consume the oxygen 1538. Which one of the following answer
choices does this scenerio describe? It’s
C. plants consume the oxygen
raining so hard that a leak forms in the
D. fish consume the oxygen ceiling.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 178
A. transpiration B. Evaporation
B. evaporation C. Infiltration
C. condensation D. Transpiration
D. precipitation 1543. power source of the water cycle
1539. The water cycle is the A. water cycle
A. distribution of drinking water on Earth B. water vapor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. unending circulation of Earth’s water C. wind vapor
supply D. sun
C. the recycling of water after industrial
use 1544. What happens to ocean water as it in-
creases in density?
D. the evaporation of water from Earth’s
surface A. It gets warmer and rises to the surface
B. It stays in the same location
1540. The area in an aquifer, below the wa-
ter table, in which relatively all pores and C. It moves faster
fractures are filled with water. D. It sinks to the abyssal plain
A. zone of aeration
1545. Which type of water is usable to living
B. zone of saturation organisms for survival?
C. infiltration A. saltwater
D. groundwater B. freshwater
1541. There is only about 1% of freshwater 1546. What percentage of Earth’s total water
available for use on Earth. is usable fresh water?
A. True A. 71%
B. False B. 97%
1542. Water is picked up by plant roots, trav- C. less than 1%
els through the plants, and then is released D. 3%
by the leaves.
1547. a thick cloud of tiny water droplets sus-
pended in the atmosphere at or near the
earth’s surface which obscures or restricts
visibilityThis statement is best to describe
A. Mist
B. Dew
C. Fog
D. Haze
1548. Steeper slope that extends from the

outer edge of the continental shelf down
A. Condensation to the ocean floor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 179
A. continental shelf 1554. What is it called when water is formed

B. continental slope from a liquid to a water vapor?

C. abyssal plains A. EVAPORATION
D. none of above B. PRECIPITATION
C. TRANSPIRATION
1549. Any form of water that falls from clouds
and reaches Earth’s surface. D. none of above
A. Sublimation 1555. What happens to a current when it
B. Precipitation comes in contact with a continent or land-
C. Evaporation mass?
D. Isolation A. It continues over the continent

B. It stops
1550. As you travel higher in the troposphere,
temperature C. It changes direction
A. decreases D. It is absorbed by the land
B. increases 1556. The floor of the ocean
C. stays the same A. is smooth and sandy
D. none of above B. has rivers and lakes
1551. Which groundwater contaminant con- C. is hidden and unknown
tained in fertilizers and pesticides comes
D. has mountain and trenches
from farms?
A. bacteria 1557. Name the moon phase
B. mercury
C. nitrates
D. sodium
1552. Which of the following causes ocean cur-
rents
A. Boats and big sharks
B. The Moon A. First Quarter
C. Underwater Volcanoes B. Last Quarter
D. Wind and density differences in the C. New Moon
water
D. Full Moon
1553. To reduce pollution in the environment,
people should materials.
coastal regions?
A. recycle
A. they produce high and low tides along
B. pollute coastal regions
C. throw away B. they warm or cool the air tempera-
D. clean tures along coastal regions

1.1 HYDROLOGY 180
C. they move vertically pushing warm wa-

ter and nutrients to the surface along
coastal regions
D. they increase the rate of precipitation
as cold water moves along coastal re-
gions
A. Upstream currents
1559. If you let your hair air-dry after going B. longshore currents
NARAYAN CHANGDER
swimming, you are taking advantage of:
C. downstream currents
A. evaporation D. drift currents
B. condensation
1564. What is shown in the diagram?
C. melting
D. freezing
1560. Turbidity is
A. cloudiness of fluid
A. Solar Eclipse
B. smell of fluid
B. Lunar Eclipse
C. temperature of fluid
C. New Moon
D. depth of fluid
D. Nebula
1561. About what percentage of Earth’s sur- 1565. Water that is found underground in the
face is covered with water? cracks and spaces between soil, sand, and
A. 97 rock is called
B. 70 A. groundwater
C. 3 B. freshwater
C. surface water
D. 1
D. saltwater
1562. Think about the Water Pollution GIZMO
1566. The upper boundary of the zone of sat-
and the information you studied there.
uration is the
There are several types of pollution that
affect the water on Earth. What kinds of A. Turbidity
materials contaminate the water in toxic B. Zone of Saturation
pollution?
C. Water Table
A. nitrogen and phosphorus D. none of above
B. sand and soil
1567. example of natural water
C. paint, gasoline, pesticides A. waste water disposal
D. bacteria and pathogens B. recycling water
1563. The type of currents that flow along the C. surface water
coastline. D. effluent

1.1 HYDROLOGY 181
1568. Why isMOSTof the freshwater on Earth C. when water vapor condenses and
not available for our use? cools

D. when water is heated to a high temper-
ature
1572. Which of the following explains how
transpirationcools the air?
A. Heat is absorbed when water evapo-
rates.
B. Heat is released when water evapo-
rates.
A. All freshwater on Earth is easily acces- C. Heat is released when condensation
sible for use. occurs.
B. It is frozen in the icecaps and glaciers. D. Heat is absorbed when condensation
occurs.
C. It is surface water.
D. It is underground. 1573. In the water cycle, how is the loss of
water vapor from leaves and stems of
1569. The process of turning from liquid into plants by means of evaporation through
vapor. the stomata part of the cycle?
A. condensation A. precipitation
B. evaporation B. condensation
C. precipitation C. transpiration
D. infiltration D. boiling
1570. The following image would best repre- 1574. Why is precipitation made of fresh wa-
sent which type of rock?. ter?
A. Evaporation leaves NaCl behind.
B. Condensation creates salty water va-
por.
C. Precipitation leaves salt in the clouds.
D. Runoff leaves salt in the soil layers.
1575. Your teacher filled a box with sand. She
put a fan at one end and turned the fan
A. Sedimentary on. The sand was blown to the opposite
B. Igneous side of the box and collected at that side.
C. Metamorphic What processes was the teacher demon-
strating?
D. Magma
A. Weathering and erosion
1571. How do clouds form? B. Erosion and deposition
A. smoke from factories C. Weathering and deposition
B. when condensation near land freezes D. Chemical and mechanical weathering

1.1 HYDROLOGY 182
1576. A body of rock or sediment that stores A. Calcium Sulfate

groundwater and allows the flow of
B. Potassium Sulfate
groundwater.
C. Sodium Chloride
D. Magnesium Chloride
1580. Which of the following characteristics al-

ters the density of ocean water?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. salinity and temperature
A. Well
B. temperature and wave speed
B. Groundwater
C. wave speed and wave size
C. Spring
D. wave speed and wave size
D. Aquifer
1581. Which of the following would be con-
1577. A weather front occurs when a nected to the shoreline?
cold air mass moves forward, pushing the
warm air mass up. A. continental rise
B. continental slope
C. continental shelf
D. continental margin
1582. What drives or causes surface currents?

A. Cold A. Temperature
B. Warm B. Pressure
C. Stationary C. Salinity
D. Occluded D. Wind
1578. what causes tides 1583. Where in a meandering stream does the
A. moon most erosion occur?
B. wind A. At the bottom of the stream
C. earthquakes B. On the inside of a curve

D. people C. In a straight part of the stream
D. On the outside of a curve
1579. What is the most abundant salt found in
ocean water? 1584. When cold air catches up to warm air
and pushes it away, a is formed.
A. Warm front
B. Cold front
C. Stationary Front
D. Occluded Front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 183
1585. Why is it important how we use water 1589. Label C

upstream in a river basin?

C. abyssal plain
A. What happens upstream has an effect D. sea mount
downstream.
B. What happens downstream has an ef- 1590. Water that is stored in the pores, or
fect upstream. cracks, below the surface of Earth is called
C. What happens leftstream has an effect

rightstream.
D. What happens rightstream has an ef-
fect leftstream.
1586. What does the term “hydrosphere” re-

fer to?
A. The amount of land on Earth
B. The amount of water on Earth A. river basins
C. The amount of air on Earth B. streams
D. The amount of life on Earth C. estuaries

D. groundwater
1587. What is the second zone of the ocean
called? 1591. What type of front is located over the
A. Sunlight southern United States in the picture?
B. Trench
C. Midnight
D. Twilight
1588. The Gulf Stream makes the waters of

the North Atlantic
A. more salty A. warm front
B. cooler B. cold front
C. warmer C. stationary front
D. less salty D. occluded front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 184
1592. Which type of stream channel is shown A. Global Wind Patterns

in the diagram? B. Earth’s Rotation
C. Density
D. All of the above
1597. The amount of salt found in water is-

A. temperature
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Canyon B. salinity
B. Meandering river C. pollution
C. Braided stream D. clarity
D. V-shape valley 1598. The atmosphere is divided into spherical
E. Misfit stream layers based upon the
1593. Why do currents curve to the right in the A. amount of precipitation contained
Northern Hemisphere? within each layer of the atmosphere.
A. riptides B. concentration of oxygen contained

within each layer of the atmosphere.
B. density
C. variation in the concentration and
C. salinity amount of ozone contained within each
D. Coriolis effect layer of the atmosphere.
1594. Underground rock layer that contains a D. temperature changes from variations
vital source of water for human consump- in absorption of solar energy within each
tion and use. layer of the atmosphere
A. Base 1599. Where is most of Earths liquid water

B. Aquifer found?
C. Upwelling A. at the poles
D. Watershed B. in lakes
C. in oceans
1595. rock layer that collects and stores water
D. in rivers and streams
A. aquifer
B. precipitation 1600. rain, hail, sleet, and snow
C. water cycle A. evaporation
D. water vapor B. condensation
C. precipitation
1596. Deep ocean currents are a result of
D. infiltration
1601. A wind that blows from the land to the

sea is called
A. Land breeze
B. prevailing winds

1.1 HYDROLOGY 185
C. sea breeze C. 50%

D. westerlies D. 90%

1602. As you descend from the surface to the 1605. How do clouds form?
ocean floor, what kind of changes would A. Water vapor loses heat energy, cools,
you expect to experience? condenses, & clumps around dust parti-
A. temperature increases and pressure cles.
decreases B. Liquid water gains heat energy,
B. temperature decreases and pressure spreads out, and escapes as a gas.
decreases C. Water droplets lose heat energy, be-
C. temperature increases and pressure come heavy, and fall as precipitation.
increases D. Water vapor rises until it becomes
D. temperature decreases and pressure trapped by the upper atmosphere.
increases 1606. How do minerals enter the ocean wa-
1603. What percent of the Earth’s water ter?
stores is fresh water? A. wave action along shores
B. underwater volcanic activity
C. runoff, erosion, sedimentation
D. evaporation
1607. What are the two abundant elements
found in ocean water?
A. Chloride and Sodium
A. 97%
B. Oxygen and Nitrogen
B. 45%
C. Oxygen and Sodium
C. 22% D. Nitrogen and Chloride
D. 3%
1608. Which of the following is not a way to
1604. Approximately what percent of the conserve water?
Earth is covered by water? A. turning off the faucet while brushing
your teeth
B. taking baths instead of short showers
C. using water-saving toilets
D. fixing leaky pipes
1609. What is the composition of most
Comets?
A. Rock, Ice, Salt, Carbon
B. Rock, Ice, Magma, Frozen Gases
A. 70% C. Ice, Dust, Rock, Frozen Gases
B. 30% D. Ice, Dust, Rock, Soil

1.1 HYDROLOGY 186
1610. What percent of earth’s surface is cov- 1616. Earth’s climate system is powered
ered by water? mainly by energy from:
A. 97% A. Tilt
B. 3% B. The sun
C. 71% C. Latitude
D. 92% D. The rain shadow
1617. Large waves are called
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1611. Which of the following properties of wa-
ter allows a water strider to walk across A. tsunamis
a pond? B. earthquakes
A. density
1618. How would you describe the movement
B. specific heat of the distant galaxies?
C. surface tension A. Some are moving towards us, some
D. adhesion away.
B. They are very still.
1612. There is a large amount of water found
C. They are all moving towards us.
on the Earth. Most of Earth’s water
(97%) is in the form of * D. They are all moving away from us.
A. Freshwater 1619. When is sea water the densest?
B. Ice A. Top of the ocean
C. Water Vapor B. Bottom of the Ocean
D. Saltwater C. When salinity is high and temperature
is low
1613. The density of sea water is fresh wa-
D. When salinity and density are low
ter.
A. Greater than 1620. Water present beneath Earth’s surface
in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of
B. Less than rock formations.
1614. Cold air exerts pressure than warm A. ocean
air. B. river
A. the same C. lake
B. less D. groundwater
C. more 1621. Michael wants to show his parents how
D. impossible to tell to model ocean waves. Which of the fol-
lowing would be the best way for Michael
1615. Ground-up rock carried by a glacier to demonstrate a wave?
A. Till A. blowing on hot soup
B. Sediment B. riding a skateboard up the street
C. Gravel C. walking up and down the stairs
D. Chunks D. rolling cookie dough on a baking pan

1.1 HYDROLOGY 187
1622. Which factor is MOST responsible for C. Condensation

distributing (moving around) heat through-
D. none of above
out Earth’s oceans?

A. the Coriolis Effect 1628. Type of bonds in a water molecule?
B. Earth’s rotation on its axis
C. surface and deep water currents
D. boundaries between the oceans and
landmasses
1623. What is the energy source for the water

cycle?
A. sun
A. ionic
B. wind
B. exothermic
C. rain
D. oceans C. Hydrogen
1624. Which of following gases are added to D. Nuclear

ocean water by photosynthesis?
1629. Which best determines the health of a
A. oxygen
lake used as a source of freshwater?
B. nitrogen
A. its depth and width
C. sulfur
B. its temperature and pH
D. carbon dioxide
C. its location and depth
1625. A hot wet climate causes weathering to
take place- D. its temperature and depth
A. slowly
1630. Where would you find the greatest pres-
B. rapidly
sure?
C. unevenly
A. Abyssal plain
D. at the same rate as when the climate
is dry and cool B. Continental shelf
1626. As salinity increases, density C. Continental slope

A. increases D. Ocean Trench
B. decreases
1631. Landscaper that is shaped by the dis-
C. stays the same
solving power of groundwater.
D. none of above
A. Karst Topography
1627. A process in the water cycle where liq-
B. Geology
uid turns into gas or vapor
A. The sun C. Wetland
B. Evaporation D. Floodplain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 188
1632. Which graph shows the effect of soil 1635. Which situation would cause the most
permeability on the amount of runoff in an flooding?
area? A. high runoff, high infiltration, low pre-
cipitation
B. high runoff, low infiltration, high pre-
cipitation
C. low runoff, high infiltration, high pre-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cipitation
D. low runoff, low infiltration, low precip-
itation
1636. What ecosystem service do riparian

A. 1
zones provide?
B. 2
A. They buffer streams and rivers from
C. 3 being polluted
D. 4 B. They can filter out toxins.
C. They can shade streams/rivers and re-
1633. Based on this chart, what is the best
duce thermal pollution.
conclusion?
D. ALL OF THESE
1637. What happens when clouds get too

heavy?
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
C. Condensation
D. Accumulation
1638. Groundwater flow takes place through

A. Six elements make up 50 % of ocean layers called
water
A. aquicludes
B. Magnesium is the least abundant ele-
B. the zone of saturation
ment
C. aquifers
C. Sodium chloride is the most abundant
compound D. saturated materials
D. Sodium chloride can only be found in 1639. Evaporation of water from plants is
the ocean called
1634. Heavily vegetated lands are more likely A. evaporation

to experience flooding. B. condensation
A. true C. transpiration
B. false D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 189
1640. Residents in a seaside town experience 1645. The boundary/area of higher elevation
onshore breezes from the ocean during hot between two watersheds is called
sunny days and offshore breezes from the

A. Containment
land during cool nights. How does the
ocean affect this pattern? B. A divide
C. A border
A. the ocean heats and cools faster than
the land heats and cools D. Contours
B. the land heats and cools faster than 1646. Which of the following is the best de-
the ocean heats and cools scription of physical processes that lead to
Karst topography?
1641. What forms when a section of imperme-
able rock forces groundwater to move lat-
erally and emerge to the Earth’s surface?
A. a spring
B. an aquifer
C. and geese
A. Dissolving of limestone by water
D. a well
B. Weathering/erosion of land areas that
1642. The map represents the global conveyor include limestone
belt. What is the primary factor driving C. Groundwater contamination that dam-
the current in the above map? ages rock structures beneath the soil sur-
A. Wind face
D. All of the above*
B. Density
C. Ocean Depth 1647. What is the biggest polluter to the
Chesapeake Bay watershed, according to
D. Latitude the documentary?
1643. The selection of a water reservoir stor- A. Manufacturing
age site depends on B. Commercial agriculture
A. Site moisture level C. Auto pollution
B. Types of plants that are available on D. Commercial fishermen
the site 1648. Select the statement that is TRUE about
C. The hydrological cycle at the site Karst topography.
D. Temperature levels at the site A. This phenomenon is limited to that
swamp region
1644. Water being attracted to water B. This phenomenon is not well studied
A. Adhesion world wide
C. Karst topography is found all over the
B. Cohesion
world.
C. surface tension
D. Karst topography is found only in
D. viscosity Florida

1.1 HYDROLOGY 190
1649. Managing water resources is a respon- 1655. What is the most important factor driv-
sibility ing the water cycle?
A. Government A. plants and trees in the biosphere
B. Guru B. the surface features of Earth
C. Parent C. water in the hydrosphere
D. We are together D. the energy from the Sun
1650. Dew ( water droplets on plants) usually 1656. The measure of salt in a solution is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
happens in the morning A. saturation
A. True B. salinity
B. False
1657. form when water table is too low &
1651. Layers of permeable rock that lets wa- caverns are no longer filled with water.
ter move freely A. Hard water
A. permeable B. Stalactites
B. impermeable C. Sinkholes
C. aquifer D. Stalagmites
D. none of above
1658. Nonrenewable resources being used at
1652. The gently sloping, shallow ocean floor a rate than they are being formed?
extending out from the edge of a continent A. faster
is know as the
B. slower
A. Abyssal plain
1659. water pollution includes
A. organisms in water that cause disease
C. Continental shelf
B. water that is too cold
D. Intertidal zone
C. high amounts of dissolved oxygen
1653. When rain falls from a cloud describes
D. all of these options
which part of the water cycle?
A. Preparation 1660. Which of the following causes of weath-
ering CANNOT be classified as mechanical?
B. Procrastination
A. acid rain
C. Precipitation
B. plant growth
D. Percolation
C. freezing and thawing
1654. Which wind-water interaction is respon- D. actions of animals
sible for cycling nutrient rich water from
the ocean floor to the sea surface? 1661. The biggest ocean is
A. upwelling A. Atlantic
B. storm surge B. Indian
C. surface currents C. Southern
D. chemosynthesis D. Pacific

1.1 HYDROLOGY 191
1662. Which method of transportation is C. soil moisture

‘bouncing’ medium sized particles along
D. depth of storm rainfall over watershed
the river bed?

A. Traction 1668. Salinity and temperature both have an
B. Saltation influence on ocean currents because both
C. Suspension the temperature of water and the amount
of dissolved salt in it affect-
D. Solution
A. how quickly it evaporates.
1663. Which movements in the ocean are the
most affected by differences in water den- B. its ability to conduct electricity
sity? C. the latitude where it is found.
A. waves
D. the density of the water.
B. deep currents
C. surface currents 1669. Barrier islands migrate in response to
D. tides
1664. Water droplets forming on the outside

of a cold glass of sweet tea is an example
of:
A. Precipitation
B. Evaporation
C. Transpiration
A. cars
D. Condensation
B. storms and storm surge
1665. What percentage of Earth is cover with
water? C. any activity
A. 70% D. houses being built on them
B. 97%
1670. Which of the following is an under-
C. 3% ground layer of permeable rock from which
D. 50% groundwater can be extracted?
1666. pellets of frozen rain that fall in show- A. well
ers from cumulonimbus clouds.
B. river
A. collection
C. Aquifer
B. hail
D. ocean
C. aquifer
D. hydrology 1671. The mouth of a river is where it starts
1667. which is not rainfall runoff correlations and the source is where it ends.
A. seasonal factor A. True

B. storm duration B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 192
1672. What is the name of the point where a 1675. The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes,
river starts? rivers, and glaciers makes up the atmo-
sphere.
A. true
B. false
1676. Is wood a renewable resource?

A. No, once you cut down a tree it is gone
NARAYAN CHANGDER
forever.
B. Yes, we can manage forests and re-
place trees that are used.
1677. Which of the following questions can

best be answered by the data presented
in the chart below?
A. Source
B. Point A
C. Heart
D. Opening
1673. The process by which water changes

from a liquid to a gas.
A. evaporation
B. condensation A. What are the types of sea water?
C. sublimation B. How does sea water differ from fresh
D. precipitation water?
C. Which “other” elements make up sea
1674. The three ways in which a stream car-
water?
ries its load are in solution, suspension,
and D. Which two salt elements are the most
1678. the rising and falling of ocean water due

to gravity
A. tide
B. wave
C. current
D. moon phase
A. stream velocity
1679. The horizontal movement of ocean wa-
B. stream channel
ter that is caused by wind and occurs at or
C. bed load near the ocean’s surface is a(n)
D. channel capacity A. density current

1.1 HYDROLOGY 193
B. surface current B. 9.8%

C. turbidity current C. 30.1%

D. none of above D. 74.9%
1680. Salinity:the total amount of dissolved 1685. Rami places a straw in her ice water and
salts in a water sample. notices that some of the ice water moves
up inside the straw. What property of wa-
A. True
ter causes this to happen?
B. False
A. density
1681. Where does water change from water B. cohesion
vapor to liquid water?
C. capillary action
A. Atmosphere
D. specific heat
B. evaporation
1686. What are the three common types of
C. oceans
freshwater wetlands?
D. mid-ocean ridge
A. forest, swamp and marsh
1682. Which technique uses sound waves to B. bog swamp and forest
measure the depth of the ocean floor? C. marshes, swamps, and moorlands
A. global positioning system D. tundra, boreal, grassland
B. scuba divers
1687. Which currents make sand bars near
C. radar shore?
D. sonar A. Long distance currents
1683. What is the difference between a pond B. Short distance currents
and a lake? C. Rip tides
D. Gulf stream
1688. When isobars are closer together, what

does that signify?
A. stronger winds
B. an area of no wind
A. Lakes are larger than ponds
C. clear skies
B. Ponds are larger than lakes
D. clouds
C. lakes flow downward while ponds flow
upward 1689. Evaporation describes the conversion of
liquid water to water vapor. What is tran-
D. lakes flow upward while ponds flow spiration?
downward
A. The process by which plants
1684. What percentage of Earth’s freshwater chemosynthesize.
is found in the ground? B. . The process by which plants photo-
A. 1.2% synthesize.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 194
C. The process by which plants release C. freshwater ponds

oxygen from their leaves. D. glaciers
D. The process by which plants release
water from their leaves. 1694. Where do oceans have the lowest salin-
ity (salt)?
1690. The main processes of the hydrological A. mouth of the river
cycle are:precipitation, surface runoff,
B. on the seamount
A. Evaporation and condensation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Infiltration and condensation 1695. When the moon is in the 1st or 3rd quar-
ter it is perpendicular (at a 90 degree an-
C. Evaporation, infiltration and condensa-
gle) to the sun and earth. This will cause
tion
Neap tides. What does this mean?
D. Solar radiation, evaporation and con-
densation
E. Infiltration, solar radiation and evapo-
ration
1691. The energy resource that is most af-

fected by change in weather is ?
A. geothermal
B. wind
C. nuclear
A. High tides are the same everywhere.
D. natural gas
B. Low tides are the same everywhere.
1692. Of the following materials, which is the C. The gravitational pull of the sun and
most permeable? moon are at odds, and the high tides will
A. sandstone not be as high.
B. shale D. The low tides will be at their lowest.
C. silt 1696. To best determine the health of a lake,
D. clay you should examine its PH level and (how
warm or cold the water is).
1693. Most of the Earth’s water is in
A. temperature
B. depth
C. soil level
D. width
Explanation:Temperature and PH levels
are two indicators to determine the
healthiness of a lake or river.
1697. The capacity of a hydraulic plant de-

A. salty oceans pends on
B. freshwater lakes A. Existing water table level

1.1 HYDROLOGY 195
B. Minimum water quantity level 1702. The largest reservoir of water on, in or
above Earth’s surface.
C. Maximum water quantity level

A. Oceans
D. Existing plants
B. Atmosphere
1698. The time at which the tide reaches its
highest level C. Lakes
A. amplitude D. Groundwater
B. high tide 1703. During the moon phase shown in the im-
C. hydroloy age Earth will experience a-
D. evaporation
1699. Spring tides and neap tides occur in pat-

terns governed by
A. the changes in density of ocean water
B. the seasons
C. the relative position of the Earth, moon A. Spring Tide
and sun
B. Neap Tide tags112.20.b.7.C
1704. What property of this wave is repre-
1700. How are salinity and density related? sented by the letter “A”
A. As salinity increases, density de-
creases.
B. As salinity increases, density in-
creases.
C. As salinity decreases, density in-
creases.
D. As salinity decreases, density does not A. amplitude
change.
B. crest
1701. An earthquake causes a tsunami be- C. trough
cause force from the quake?
D. wavelength
A. meets the force of currents flowing in
a different direction. 1705. Estuaries are marine environments lo-
B. Blows surface water away from the cated in areas where fresh water from
shore. rivers flow into the ocean.Estuaries are
one of the most biologically productive
C. Pulls water down toward the source of
ecosystems. Birds, fish, turtles and many
the quake.
other organisms inhabit these ecosys-
D. Pushes a large body of water up from tems.Which will most likely cause changes
the ocean floor. to estuary habitats on a global scale?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 196
1710. Where is the continental slope?

A. closest to the shore
B. between the shelf and the rise
C. above the abyssal plain
A. decreases in powerful hurricanes D. near the seamount
B. increases in earthquakes 1711. How can we tell where there was once
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. decreases in volcanic eruptions a river?
D. increases in sea level A. By the deposits along the stream bed
B. By the shape in the land
1706. A curve or bend in a river.
C. By the deposits inside the river bed
A. Meander
B. Aquifer D. none of above
C. Oxbow Lake 1712. Permeability is defined as

D. Spring A. The process of water soaking into a
soil sample
1707. The point where a river starts is known
as B. The ability of a soil sample to permit
water to flow through it
A. source
C. The percentage of empty space in a
B. mouth
soil sample
1708. Which percentage represents the D. What happens to water that cannot
amount of freshwater on Earth? soak through a soil sample
A. 3%
1713. Which property describes the amount of
B. 23% heat needed to increase the temperature
C. 71% of something?
D. none of above A. Boiling Point

B. Melting Point
1709. What was the difference in high tide and
low tide Sunday afternoon? C. Specific Heat
D. Triple Point
1714. What percent of Earth’s water is salt-

water
A. 3 meters A. 79%
B. 2.4 meters B. 98%
C. 2.1 meters C. 3%
D. 2 meters D. 97%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 197
1715. Oceans contain many dissolved ele- will use up the dissolved oxygen in the wa-
ments like calcium, sodium, and chlorine ter and the fish will die because of the lack
and these elements plus others combine of dissolved oxygen.

to form the salts in the oceans. Which of
the following sources is a major source of 1719. Liquid water → water vapor
this salt/sodium & dissolved minerals in A. evaporation
oceans? B. condensation
A. gases from active volcanoes C. precipitation
B. pollutants from industrial wastes D. infiltration
C. groundwater in aquifers 1720. Number 1 Represents
D. acid rain caused by air pollution
1716. tides occur when the sun, moon and

Earth are aligned.
A. Rip
B. Spring
1717. What causes tides?

A. The pull of gravity on the oceans by our A. Water table
Moon B. Zone of Aeration
B. The pull of gravity on the oceans by our C. Zone of Saturation
Sun
D. Soil Moisture
C. The pull of gravity on the oceans by our
Moon and Sun 1721. are free-swimming organisms that
can move independently of currents.
D. The pull of gravity on the oceans by our
galaxy
1718. If a lake has excess levels of phos-

phates and nitrates in its water, what will
most likely result?
A. The temperature of the lake water will
decrease.
B. The turbidity levels of the lake will de- A. Plankton
crease. B. Benthos
C. The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake C. Nekton
will increase.
D. Algae
D. The growth of algae in the lake will in-
crease. 1722. Which statement best explains how the
Explanation:Excess levels of phosphates Moon causes tides?
and nitrates in a lake, the growth of al- A. A full moon causes high tides, a new
gae in the lake will increase because of moon causes low tides, and other phases
the extra nutrients.In that process algae of the Moon cause tides that rise and fall.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 198
B. The force of the Moon’s gravity pulls 1727. a place where the water table reaches
ocean water along a beach or harbor up the Earth’s surface and water flows out
into a high tide for a few hours and then from the ground.
lets it drop to low tide.
C. The pull of the Moon’s gravity causes
ocean water to bulge out, and the tidal
bulge moves around the world as the
Earth rotates and the Moon orbits Earth.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. When the Moon is over an ocean beach
or harbor at night, the tide in that place
forms a high tide and it forms a low tide
when the Moon is not visible during the A. Aquifer
day. B. Artesian Spring
1723. Which of the following is a disadvan- C. Well
tage of dams and reservoirs? D. Spring
A. man made lakes used for drinking wa-
1728. What is point D in the diagram?
ter, recreation and industry
B. hydroelectric power
C. existing ecosystems changed, displac-
ing species and humans
D. flood control
1724. How would a drought (lack of rain for
extended period of time) affect the water A. Mid-ocean Ridge
table? B. Seamount
A. The water table will rise. C. Volcanic Island
B. The water table will lower. D. Rift Valley
1725. The following diagram represents the 1729. Clouds are formed by:
water cycle. Which of the following points
A. cool air rising
represents evaporation?
B. lightning
A. Point 1
B. Point 2 C. water vapor condensing
C. Point 3 D. snow
D. Point 4 1730. If the ocean’s salt comes from rivers,

why is the ocean so much more salty than
1726. Which term describes the upper part of the rivers flowing into it?
the ocean into which sunlight penetrates?
A. All water has the same salinity.
A. neritic zone
B. It’s not, the ocean ‘s salinity is the
B. intertidal zone same as most river’s salinity.
C. oceanic zone C. Because the ocean has accumulated
D. photic zone salt from runoff over millions of years,

1.1 HYDROLOGY 199
as water evaporates from the ocean, it 1736. Most water leaves the oceans through
leaves all the salt behind. and returns to the oceans through
Which two words will correctly complete

D. The ocean doesn’t get most of its salt
from rivers. Most of it comes from precip- this statement?
itation. A. Evaporation, condensation
B. Condensation, precipitation
1731. What causes streamflow to drop below
critical, settling the velocity of a certain C. Evaporation, precipitation
particle size? D. Condensation, runoff
A. Deposition
1737. What are three stages off the water cy-
B. Sorting cle necessary for it to rain?
C. Bed Load A. condensation, evaporation, precipita-
D. Suspended Load tion
B. condensation, evaporation, sublima-
1732. causes surface currents. tion
A. The Coriolis Effect C. evaporation, sublimation, condensa-
B. gravity tion
C. density differences D. evaporation, precipitation, deposition
D. wind 1738. For a family of four, what indoor use of
water consumes the MOST water per day?
1733. When the air temperature decreases,
what happens to the rate of evaporation?
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Stays the same
D. Water goes away
1734. This is a fan shaped deposit forms when

a river flows into a large body of water
A. delta A. washing dishes
B. doing laundry
B. alluvial fan
C. drinking and cooking
C. lava
D. flushing toilets
D. solution
1739. Passage:Nonpoint source (NPS) pollu-
1735. Which soil-property measurement usu- tion, unlike pollution from industrial and
ally is greater when particles are fine than sewage treatment plants, comes from
when particles are coarse? many diffuse sources. NPS pollution is
A. Porosity caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving
B. Permeability over and through the ground. As the
runoff moves, it picks up and carries away
C. Infiltration natural and human-made pollutants, fi-
D. Capillarity nally depositing them into lakes, rivers,

1.1 HYDROLOGY 200
wetlands, coastal waters and ground wa- B. trenches

ters. Which example below would not be
C. runoff
considered Nonpoint Source Pollution?
A. Fertilizer from lawns is carried into a D. none of above
lake by runoff.
1743. The process by which molecules at the
B. Pesticides from farmland are carried
surface of a liquid absorb enough energy
into a river by runoff.
to change into a gas is called:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. A factory dumps raw untreated chemi-
cals into a river. A. condensation
D. Oil, grease, and chemicals are washed B. evaporation

off of driveways and parking lots by C. transpiration
snowmelt and are then carried into a lake.
D. precipitation
1740. Part B:Using the image, which area on
the image will have higher salinity and 1744. River System “A”-generally found in
why? low lying areas.
A. Area B, because it is closer to the poles

with lower evaporation
B. Area B, because it is closer to the A. Dendritic
poles with higher evaporation B. Rectangular
C. Area A, because it is closer to the equa-
C. Trellis
tor with higher evaporation
D. Area A, because it is closer to the equa- D. Radial
tor with lower evaporation
1745. the movement of water from one state
1741. Which of the following is a characteris- (solid, liquid, and gas) to another as it cir-
tic of a river in the lower stage. culates through the Earth’s crust, oceans,
A. Deposition and atmosphere.
B. Rapids A. aquifer
C. Steep V shaped valley B. humidity
D. Lateral erosion
C. water cycle
1742. Water from the clouds run’s off into the D. weather
oceans, rivers, and/or lakes and it collects
there. 1746. What is the fossil fuel found and mined
A. salt water‘ in the Appalachian Plateau Province?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 201
1749. What are tides caused by?

A. the gravitational pull of Earth, the

moon, and the sun
B. the shifting of the plates on the ocean
floor
C. the Coriolis Effect
A. Coal
D. strong winds that blow over ocean wa-
B. Oil ters
C. Natural Gas
1750. What is the name of a climate event that
D. Uranium
occurs every two to seven years in the Pa-
1747. Using the diagram above, which factor cific Ocean.
below does not influence the size of a
wave as it moves across the ocean?
A. The girl
A. The strength of the wind B. The girl
B. The duration the wind blows C. The Nino
C. The density of the ocean water
D. The boy
D. The distance the wind blows across
the surface 1751. Deep currents are caused by
1748. The area that is drained by a river and A. wind
all the streams that empty into it
B. differences in density
C. gravitational pull of the moon and Sun
D. none of above
1752. What atmospheric layer contains most

of the mass of Earth’s atmosphere?
A. thermosphere
A. Water table
B. Divide B. troposphere
C. Watershed C. stratosphere
D. Delta D. mesosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 202
1753. Which diagram best models the move- 1756. What is the Water Table
ment of coastal air during the night?
A. The top of the Saturated Zone
B. A water Table
C. The bottom of the Unsaturated Zone
D. Permeable
1757. What type of rock must be weathered
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and eroded to which smaller pieces can pile
on top of each other and harden?
A. Metamorphic Rock
B. Sedimentary Rock
C. Igneous Rock
D. Magma
1758. Four surface currents are represented

on the map below. Which of the following
two ocean currents are more than likely
cold?
A. Canary and Benguela
A. A
B. Gulf Stream and Brazil
B. B C. Brazil and Canary
C. C D. Gulf Stream and Benguela
D. D
1759. Winds that blow from 30 & 60 latitude
1754. What type of tide occurs when the are called what?
moon, Earth, and Sun are all aligned? A. Polar Easterlies
A. Spring Tide B. Polar Westerlies
B. Neap Tide C. Prevailing Westerlies
D. Trade Winds
1755. Why are warm ocean currents usually
surface currents? 1760. What is the name of the process of wa-
A. Warm water is more dense so it rises ter droplets falling from the sky?
to the surface. A. evaporation
B. Warm water is less dense so it rises to B. condensation
the surface
C. precipitation
C. Ocean tides cause warm water to rise
to the surface D. infiltration
D. Ocean Water loses heat near the sur- 1761. What is a difference between spring and
face. neap tides?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 203
A. changes in the density of ocean water

B. high evaporation rates at the ocean’s

surface
C. dumping of salt into ocean water near
coastal cities
D. extraction of ocean water for desalina-
tion by coastal nations
A. Spring tides occurwhen the earth and 1765. What is the name of the law that de-
sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon. scribes the flow of fluids through a porous
B. Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd medium?
or 1stquarter phases
A. Darcy’s Law
C. Spring tides are LOWER than neap
B. Law of Thermodynamics
tides
D. none of above C. Law of Independent Assortment
D. Law of Gravity
1762. Scientists use to determine the
oceans depth. 1766. In what way are all the precipitations
A. Submarines measured?
B. Sonar A. At slope
C. Helicopters B. Width of area
D. Radiowaves C. Vertical depth
1763. water that collects above ground D. Horizontal area
A. groundwater
1767. What causes deep ocean currents?
B. surface water
C. aquifer
D. infiltration
1764. The salinity of ocean water is not the

same everywhere in the ocean. Which of
the following is a cause of these differ-
ences in salinity?
A. Changes in the wind

B. Changes in temperature and salinity
C. Decrease in density
D. none of above
1768. What type of heat transfer is shown in

the diagram?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 204
A. Monday
B. Tuesday
C. Wednesday
D. Friday
1771. How did this terrain feature form?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A meander of a stream that has been
cut off
B. A glacier that scoured out the land
A. conduction
C. The result of a floor
B. convection
D. None of the above
C. radiation
1772. What percentage of the water on Earth
D. transmission
is salt water? / ¿Qué porcentaje del agua
1769. When a cold and warm air mass meet de la Tierra es agua salada?
what type of weather is produced? A. 97%
B. 80%
C. 60%
D. 95%
1773. In which layer can the temperature be

40 degrees Celsius at a height of 150km?
A. stormy
B. clear
C. windy
D. sunny hot
1770. Which day most likely had less sunlight

than the other days?
A. Troposphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 205
B. Stratosphere B. Runoff
C. Mesosphere C. Watershed

D. Thermosphere D. Moisture
1774. What statement is true about ocean 1779. Which type of front has two cold fronts
trenches? overtaking a warm front?
A. They are located at the rift zone. A. Warm Front
B. Cold Front
B. They are the deepest part of the ocean
basin. C. Stationary Front
C. They are made up of low hills and flat D. Occluded Front
plains. 1780. What are two factors that affect the
D. They are almost as deep as valleys density differences in the ocean.
found on land. A. Density and temperature
1775. What causes density currents in the B. Density and Pressure
ocean? C. Pressure and Temperature
A. Difference in salinity in the ocean D. Salinity and El Nino
B. Difference in temperature in the ocean 1781. What type of bond is formed between a
C. Both salinity and temperature in the positive ion and a negative ion?
ocean
D. Neither salinity or temperature affect
density currents.
1776. The cycle through which water in the hy-

drosphere moves; includes such processes
as evaporation, precipitation, and surface
and groundwater runoff
A. hydrosphere A. an ionic bond
B. hydrologic cycle B. a polar covalent bond
C. Coriolis effect C. a nonpolar covalent bond

D. a treasury bond
D. hydrology
1782. Water makes up approximately 60% of
1777. As air cools, water vapor turns into the human body and plays a vital role in
droplets of liquid water which forms regulating body temperature. Which prop-
A. rain erty of water makes it good at regulating
B. salt temperature?
A. Water is a good solvent.
C. clouds
B. Water exhibits strong cohesion.
D. gas
C. . Water has an unusual crystalline
1778. Rainwater receiving area structure.
A. Infiltration D. Water has a high capacity for heat.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 206
1783. How many days pass between one 1788. Which letter in the picture represents
spring tide and the following neap tide? Seamounts?
A. 7 days
B. 14 days
C. 28 days
D. 4 days
1784. What do you call the process, after pre- A. A
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cipitation occurs, in which water flows B. B
downhill? C. C
D. D
1789. Which type of ocean movement is
a large-scale pattern that can circulate
across all the oceans?
A. Current
A. surface runoff B. Wave
B. accumulation C. Tide
C. condensation D. none of above
D. transpiration 1790. How are evaporation and transpiration
1785. Vertical distance from the crest to the similar?
trough of a wave A. Both processes occur immediately be-
A. Wave Height fore precipitation in the water cycle.
B. Wave Length B. They are both processes in which liq-
uid water is changed into water vapor.
C. Wave Frequency
C. They both occur in the biosphere.
D. Salinity
D. They both process water in its solid
1786. a change from one state (solid or liq- state.
uid or gas) to another without a change
in chemical composition 1791. Dams, Reservoirs
A. condensation A. Man-made
B. spring tide B. Perennial
C. evaporation C. Ephemeral
D. phase change D. Aquifer
1787. A river basin is 1792. What is the initial source for global
A. an aquifer winds and convection in the atmosphere?
B. an area of land that drains into one A. heat from the Earth’s core
river B. the rotation of the Earth
C. an area of land with multiple rivers C. Moon’s gravity
D. a freshwater lake D. unequal heating of the Earth by the sun

1.1 HYDROLOGY 207
1793. Water flowing down slope along Earth’s 1798. How could a long-term decrease in pre-
surface is cipitation impact an area?

A. Rivers A. it could increase the average water
B. Streams level of lakes in the area
C. Oceans B. it could increase the amount of flood-

ing in the area
D. Runoff
C. it could decrease the amount of possi-
1794. Liquid water from plants and trees ble infiltration in the area
evaporates into the atmosphere in a pro- D. it could decrease the possible amount
cess called of damage to crops in the area
A. Respiration
1799. Is this a land or a sea breeze?
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. transpiration
1795. Oceans contain many dissolved ele-

ments like calcium, sodium, and chlorine
and these elements plus others combine
to form the salts int he oceans. Which
A. land breeze
of the following is a major source of
this salt/sodium and dissolved minerals in B. sea breeze
oceans?
1800. Circular streams of moving ocean water
A. gases from active volcanoes driven by winds
B. acid rain caused by air pollution A. Trench
C. weathering and erosion of rocks
B. Wave
D. pollutants from industrial wastes
C. Salinity
1796. What 2 factors can increase the salinity D. Surface Currents
of the water?
1801. What is the next stage after EVAPORA-
A. freezing and evaporation
TION in the water cycle?
B. multing and precipitation
C. freezing and rivers
D. the moon’s gravitational pull and pre-
cipitation
1797. Most of Earth’s fresh water is

A. used daily
B. underground
C. in lakes and rivers A. CONDENSATION
D. frozen B. GROUNDWATER

1.1 HYDROLOGY 208
1802. The land area that supplies water to a C. Groundwater

river system is called a D. Runoff
A. water table
1807. The water cycle has no start or end
B. watershed
A. true
C. estuary
B. false
D. wetland
1808. Which of these images best shows a SEA
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1803. This rock may chemically weather easily BREEZE?
because is has many spaces or holes in it
that allow water to seep through it, mean- A.
ing it is:
A. permeable
B. abrasive B.
C. holey
D. gassy C.
1804. What percentage of water is ice?
D.
1809. What does Earth have more of that

makes it unique from the other planets in
our solar system?
A. Moons
B. Atmosphere
A. 11% C. Rock
B. 12% D. Liquid Water
C. 76%
1810. A body of rock thru which water flows
D. 97% or is stored.
1805. What percent of water is salt water? A. Aquifer
A. 97% B. Permeable
B. 90% C. Impermeable
C. 4% D. Porosity
D. 3% 1811. Surface currents and waves are pow-
ered by
1806. Water that does not infiltrate into the
soil and stays on the surface is called A. wind and heat
what? B. wind and tides
A. Condensation C. boats and wind
B. Transpiration D. heat and weather

1.1 HYDROLOGY 209
1812. What forms when condensation occurs A. is cloudy and hard to see through
low near the ground? B. is clear

A. clouds
1816. Which is least often used to study the
B. fog deepest parts of the ocean floor?
C. dew A. sonar
D. mist B. satellites
1813. What does this picture illustrate? C. submersibles
D. scuba divers
1817. Water characterized by having low con-

centrations of dissolved salt
A. Freshwater
B. Water Cycle
A. porosity because it has holes, perme-
C. Runoff
ability is the flow of water
D. evaporation
B. permeability because it has holes,
porosity is the flow of water 1818. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
northern hemisphere moves
1814. Fresh water makes up what percent of
the Earth’s water? A. clockwise
C. both
D. neither
1819. Which factors can have the greatest ef-

fect on the health of a river system?
A. type of soil and salinity
B. nitrate levels and turbidity
A. 5%
C. human consumption and pH
B. 10%
D. natural disasters and tidal changes
C. 4%
D. 2.5%
sity as you dive deeper into the ocean?
1815. Water with high turbidity A. Both temperature and density in-
crease.
B. Both temperature and density de-
crease.
C. Temperature increases and density de-
creases.
D. Temperature decreases and density in-
creases.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 210
1821. What is percolation? A. it evaporates

A. Rain, snow, sleet, or hail B. it becomes a liquid
B. Evaporation C. it is sent to the sun
C. The downward movement of water D. it turns into precipitation
due to gravitational pull
D. Similar to evaporation from a plant 1826. What affects the density of water?
A. Salt
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1822. Water molecules have positive and neg-
ative charges which gives them B. Temperature
A. Polarity C. The seasons of the year
B. Magnetism D. Both A and B
C. Weight 1827. The Mariana is the deepest known
D. Groundwater part of the ocean floor
1823. What role does the sun play in the wa- A. Volcano
ter cycle? B. Seamount
A. None C. Ridge
B. Powers it D. Trench
C. Helps a little
1828. This part of the water cycle is when wa-
D. Turns snow into water for evaporation
ter gathers and forms into clouds?
1824. When cold and warm air mix and mois- A. evaporation
ture condenses, what is formed?
B. condensation
A. tornado
C. precipitation
B. cloud
D. collection
C. hurricane
D. rainbow 1829. Look at the image and select the term
that best fits label 3
1825. According to the diagram of the water
cycle, what happens to the water in the
oceans before it becomes water in the at-
mosphere?
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. transpiration
D. evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 211
1830. Groundwater is found underground in 1834. Which type of front is displayed?

the zone of

A. aeration
B. soil
C. saturation
D. sediment
1831. Why do we need to conserve?

A. Cold
A. we don’t
B. Warm
B. in order to make sure that we don’t
waste it all and have it for our daily uses C. Stationary
C. so we have more to drink D. Occluded
D. so we can let it sit is glaciers 1835. Which of the following is a good way to
conserve water at home?
1832. Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds
A. taking long showers
are dominant life forms of this era:
B. washing the car on a sunny afternoon
C. running the dishwasher for your fa-
vorite bowl
D. washing the car on a cloudy day
1836. Water that is has less pollution be-

cause it has been filtered more.
A. Frozen
B. in aquifers (groundwater)
C. in oceans
D. rivers & lakes
A. Precambrian 1837. How can we conserve water? (select

all that apply)
B. Paleozoic
A. take shorter showers
C. Mesozoic
B. leave the water on for a long time
D. Cenozoic
C. don’t leave the water running
1833. The measure of salt that is dissolved in D. let it spill out of the hose
certain amount of water is called E. put timers on your water use
A. salinometer
1838. Decreasing ocean temperature causes
B. Salinity the density of the water to
C. Density A. decrease
D. Thermocline B. increase

1.1 HYDROLOGY 212
C. stay the same 1843. Name the moon phase

D. fluctuate
1839. A compound thatis being dissolved is
called a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. waning crescent
B. waxing crescent
C. waning gibbous
A. Solution D. waxing gibbous
B. Solute 1844. Groundwater is found in permeable rock.
C. Solvent Permeable means
D. Suspension A. porous
1840. Which is true about most of the fresh- B. nothing can pass throughc
water on Earth? C. caves and caverns
A. It is abundant. D. answer not shown
B. It is inaccessible.
1845. How much of the earth’s water is fresh-
C. It is underground. water?
D. It is in the atmosphere. A. 50 %
1841. It refers to an individual storm or group B. 3 %
of storms of not more than a few days in
C. 97 %
length.
D. 93 %
A. Hydrograph
B. Annual Hydrograph 1846. Using the diagram, label the correct pro-
C. Flood hydrograph cess for the water cycle for #16
D. River regime
1842. The heart of a shrimp is located on its
A. Tail
B. Head
C. Bottom
D. Stomach A. evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 213
B. condensation 1852. Which two gases make up ocean water?

C. precipitation A. oxygen and nitrogen

D. transpiration B. oxygen and hydrogen
1847. The density of seawater is fresh wa- C. oxygen and carbon dioxide
ter? (EEn 2.3.1)
D. nitrogen and carbon dioxide
A. greater than
B. less than 1853. How are caves formed?
C. equal to A. permeability of water through fine-
grained materials
D. half of
B. uplift of limestone rocks
1848. The layers of the atmosphere are classi-
fied according to changes in C. porosity of sandstone
A. altitude D. dissolution and precipitation of lime-
stone
B. density
C. composition 1854. Which is the best way to conserve
D. temperature worldwide freshwater resources?
A. build more roads and highways for
1849. What percentage of the water on Earth
cars and trucks
is salt water?
A. 97% B. increase the amount of land used to
raise cattle
B. 80%
C. develop more modern coal-powered
C. 60% plants
D. 95%
D. use more efficient irrigation tech-
1850. Just as all the water in a bathtub flows niques
toward the drain, all the water in a river
system drains into a main river. The land 1855. What term matches best with #5?
area that supplies water to a river system
is called a
A. divide
B. watershed
C. drainage canal
D. river
A. infiltration
1851. Water can pass through the pore spaces
A. impermeable B. runoff
B. permeable C. condensation
C. aquifer D. evaporation
D. none of above E. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 214
1856. How are indicator species like a warn- 1861. divide

ing system for bodies of water? A. a stream that flows into a lake or into
A. They indicate when food sources are a larger stream
declining. B. the boundary between drainage areas
B. Their illness or death indicates pollu- that have streams that flow in opposite di-
tion in an aquatic ecosystem. rections
C. They indicate when predators are re- C. the path that a stream follows
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ducing the numbers of a species. D. the upper surface of underground wa-
D. Their illness or death indicates the ter; the upper boundary of the zone of sat-
body of water is becoming more popu- uration
lated.
1862. The picture below shows the polar ice
1857. Rain trends can be studied from caps in the Arctic sea. What will happen
to the ice caps if the Sun’s energy gets
A. Annual rain arc stronger?
B. Annual rainfall graph
C. Annual rainfall record
D. Annual rainfall amount
1858. Air Pressure

A. Force that is a result of a column of air
pushing down on you A. The ice will become much colder, caus-
ingclouds to form less rainfall.
B. Study of Earth’s weather
B. The ice will become much harder, caus-
C. Amount of moisture in the air ingclouds to form more rainfall.
D. The amount of energy of motion in the C. The ice will become water, then the
molecules of a substance water willbecome vapor.
1859. What is the most abundant elements in D. The ice will become vapor, then the va-
seawater? por willbecome water.
A. sodium chloride 1863. Which of the following are areas where
B. potassium freshwater is found? CHOOSE ALL THAT
APPLY!
C. sulfate
A. reservoirs
D. magnesium
B. swamps
1860. As temperature increases, density C. river systems
A. decrease D. groundwater
B. increases E. glaciers
C. stays the same
1864. What direction is the warm front mov-
D. none of above ing?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 215
A. evaporating
B. condensing

C. precipitating
D. runoff
A. northwest 1870. What process occurs inside the red cir-

cles?
B. northeast
C. southwest
D. southeast
1865. The horizontal distance between wave
crests is the
A. wave height
B. frequency
C. trough A. Runoff
D. wavelength B. Precipitation
1866. The total amount of water on Earth is C. Transpiration
constantly changing.
D. Infiltration
A. true
B. false 1871. Which of the following structures is
built to protect a coast from erosion?
1867. As water gets denser, how does it
A. Jetty
move?
A. expands toward warmer water B. Groin
B. gets pushed toward the poles C. Breakwater

C. sinks toward the ocean floor D. All of the above
D. Evaporation
1872. During this event, which process is
1868. What is permeability? MOST likely to have slowed or stopped?
A. The open space between rocks
B. How easily water flows through open
spaces
1869. What is water doing when it is changed
to water vapor?
A. Precipitation
B. Evaporation
C. Infiltration
D. Surface Run-off

1.1 HYDROLOGY 216
1873. What is the largest level of disease?

A. epidemic
B. cluster
C. endemic
D. pandemic A. A river cliff as the water flows slowly
and deposits the load it is carrying.
1874. There is an unlimited supply of freshwa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter B. A river cliff as the water flows quickly
on the outside bend eroding the bank
A. T through attrition.
B. F C. A river cliff
1875. The density of ocean water increases D. A river cliff as the water flows quickly
when it on the outside bend eroding the bank
through hydraulic Action.
A. gets warmer
1879. Which source of energy below is the
B. gets colder
most important in driving the water cycle?
C. has less salinity A. Geothermal energy changes water to
D. has waves steam so condensation can occur.
B. Sunlight heats up Earth’s surface wa-
1876. What type of precipitation forms when ter creating the process of evaporation.
raindrops fall through cold air and freeze
before they hit the ground? C. Wind helps change surface water into
A. Rain ration.
B. Freezing Rain D. Gravity is necessary to pull water
C. Sleet downhill when it rains thus allowing wa-
ter to flow into rivers and streams.
D. Snow
1880. The Moon has a greater influence on
1877. What feature is D? Earth tides than the Sun because
A. it is smaller than the Sun
B. it revolves around the Earth
C. it is closer to the Earth
D. none of above
A. Trench
1881. The percentage of open space between
B. Mid-ocean ridge grains of the soil is called the soil’s
C. Trench A. permeability
D. Continental rise B. porosity
1878. What landform can be found on the out- C. discharge

side bend of a meander(*) and why? D. capillary

1.1 HYDROLOGY 217
1882. A nonrenewable resource is a natural 1887. to change from a liquid to a gas

resource that cannot be re-made or re- A. radiation
grown at a scale comparable to its con-

sumption. B. evaporation
C. convection
A. Solar, Geothermal, Wind, Biomass,
Water D. heat transfer
B. Coal, Natural Gas, Oil, Nuclear 1888. The picture shows a sinkhole that has
opened up in limestone bedrock under a
1883. an area of land that drains into a river
city. This is an example of what type of
or lake
weathering?
A. watershed
B. waterfred
C. waterted
D. runoff
1884. Infiltration takes place at
A. Physical-Carbonation
B. Physical-Abrasion
C. Chemical-Carbonation
D. Chemical-Abrasion
1889. Use the photo to identify which repre-
A. A sents the vadose zone.
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
1885. The Earth’s fresh water sources consists
of all the following except A. A
A. Oceans B. B
B. icebergs and glaciers C. C
C. rivers and lakes D. D
D. groundwater E. E
1886. The smooth, nearly flat region of the 1890. process where water vapour condenses
ocean floor is called to ice
A. Continental Shelf A. precipitation
B. Abyssal Plain B. evaporation
C. Continental Slope C. condensation
D. Trench D. sublimation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 218
1891. Place these in order from broadest to estimated as 10 mm, determine the evap-
most specific:A) Fresh water; B) Earth’s oration loss assume there is no storage in
water; C) Potable Water system.
A. B A C A. 15 mm
B. C B A B. 5 mm
C. A B C C. 10 mm
D. B C A D. 25 mm
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1892. Highest tides when the Earth, sun and 1897. The flow of water from land into a body
moon are lined up in a row of water.
A. Spring Tides A. groundwater
B. Neap Tides B. headwaters
C. Gravity C. run-off
D. Eclipse D. infiltration
1893. What is the term for water that moves 1898. Water that flows over the ground sur-
across the surface of the land and enters face rather than soaking into the ground
streams and rivers? A. runoff
A. groundwater B. water conservation
B. runoff C. transpiration
C. unconfined aquifer D. canyon
D. water table
1899. The diagram shows an image of the ma-
1894. The area that contains a river system is jor ocean currents. What phenomenon is
called a what? MOST likely responsible for the currents’
circulation patterns?
A. Drain Bassoon
B. Drainage Basin
C. Drainage Bassinet
D. Drain Basalt
1895. The law of conservation of energy

states that energy can neither be created
nor
A. Coriolis effect
A. destroyed
B. density differences
B. changed
C. the Sun’s tidal effect
C. converted
D. temperature differences
D. declined
1900. Cold air
1896. From a 50 mm rainfall 35 mm of runoff
is generated that was measured at stream A. rises
gauging station. If infiltration losses are B. sinks

1.1 HYDROLOGY 219
1901. Depth-Area-Duration curves of precipi- A. All organisms would die.

tation are drawn as
B. All organisms would continue to live as

A. minimizing envelopes through the ap- they now do.
propriate data points
C. The number of salt-tolerant organisms
B. maximizing envelopes through the ap- would increase, and the number of salt-
propriate data point intolerant organisms would decrease.
C. the best fit mean curves through the
D. The number of salt-intolerant organ-
appropriate data points
isms would increase, and the number of
D. best fit straight lines through the ap- salt-tolerant organisms would decrease
propriate data point Explanation:A large increase in the salin-
ity of an estuary would help the salt-
1902. The temperature at which air becomes tolerant organisms, and the number
fully saturated because the temperature of salt-intolerant organisms would de-
decreases while the amount of moisture crease.An example might be a large storm
stays constant is the ? surge of ocean water that overflows the
A. Relative humidity beaches into an estuary.
B. condensation
1906. Which system results in rainy or stormy
C. dew point weather?
D. saturated
1903. The diagram ABOVE shows water distri-

bution on Earth. What would be an appro-
priate heading for the missing label at the
question mark?
A. Percentage of salt on Earth:3.5%
B. Percentage of frozen water:2.5%
C. Percentage of freshwater on A. high pressure
Earth:2.5% B. low pressure
D. Percentage of groundwater on C. hurricane
Earth:2.5%
D. weather system
1904. In what type of soil would seepage of
groundwater into streams occur the slow- 1907. What environmental benefit do estuar-
est? ies and wetlands provide in terms of wa-
A. sand ter quality?
B. gravel A. They increase sedimentation.
C. clay B. They act as natural filters, trapping pol-
D. silt lutants.
C. They accelerate eutrophication rates.
1905. How would a large increase in the salin-
ity of an estuary most likely affect the D. They decrease oxygen levels in the wa-
ecosystem of the estuary? ter.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 220
1908. How would the oceans change if they 1911. If the first high tide of the day occurs at
were no longer connected? 1 AM, the next high tide on the same day
will come closest to what time?
A. 7 AM
B. 1 PM
C. 7 PM
D. 1 AM the next day
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. They would no longer have a thermo- 1912. The sum of all living matter is called
cline layer. A. atmosphere
B. Surface currents would no longer be
B. fossil fuel
able to form.
C. biosphere
C. Ocean temperatures could no longer
change by latitude. D. mineral
D. The exchange of heat between oceans 1913. Which letter(s) represent the crest of
could no longer occur the wave?
1909. Drainage Basin can best be described as
A. The headwaters of a river near the

source
B. The total area drained by a river and A. A
its tributaries.
B. B D
C. The area that separates two drainage
C. B F
basins
D. The segment of a tributary that flows D. F
into a river 1914. New ocean floor is formed by
1910. Which of the following causes the Cori- magma flowing up pushing the seafloor
olis Effect? apart:known as the seafloor spreading
theory
A. Atmospheric pressure
A. Abyssal Plains
B. Tidal forces
B. Mid Ocean Ridges
C. Rotation of the Earth on its axis
C. Trenches
D. Gravitational pull of the Moon
Explanation:The Coriolis Effect is caused D. none of above
by the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
This rotation causes moving air and water 1915. What is the most abundant (most com-
to be deflected to the right in the Northern mon) salt found in ocean water?
Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern A. Sodium chloride
Hemisphere, which is known as the Corio- B. Nitrous oxide
lis Effect. It is not caused by atmospheric
pressure, tidal forces, or the gravitational C. Hydrogen oxygen
pull of the Moon. D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 221
1916. The vertical distance from the crest of a B. Rivers

wave to the trough is called the
C. Lakes and Reservoirs

A. wave range
D. Watersheds
B. wave amplitude
C. wave height 1921. How are fronts formed?
D. wavelength A. When two air masses meet

B. when two winds meet
1917. What is letter B
C. when two clouds meet
D. none of above
1922. What percent of the earth is covered by

water?
A. Mid ocean ridge A. 20%
B. continental shelf B. 50%
C. Seamount
C. 70%
D. Trench
D. 85%
1918. Which of the following factors does not
impact the infiltration rate of water? 1923. Which of the following is a nonrenew-
able resource?
A. The porosity/permeability of the soil
A. milk
B. The water table
B. coal
C. The rate of precipitation
C. biomass
D. The amount of pollution in a nearby
stream D. water
1919. Which of the pictures converts solar en- 1924. Which of the following factors has the
ergy into electrical energy? greatest effect on earth’s tides?
A. Earth’s gravity
B. the tilt of Earth’s axis
C. the moon’s gravity
D. earth’s orbit around the sun
A. A
B. B 1925. Which of the following is an example of
C. C point source pollution?
D. D A. rainwater washing pollutants into a
river
1920. represents the greatest source of
B. fertilizer and pesticides from yards
freshwater on the planet available to hu-
mans. C. factory smokestack
A. Ground Water D. soil erosion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 222
1926. A hyetograph is a plot of

A. Cumulative rainfall vs. Time
B. Rainfall intensity vs. Time
C. Rainfall Depth vs. Duration
D. Discharge vs. Time
1927. Which property of water vapor allows
NARAYAN CHANGDER
it to function as a greenhouse gas?
A. water vapor expands when exposed to
sunlight
B. water vapor absorbs and reemits hear A. Gases in the ocean
radiated from Earth
B. The rotation of the Earth
C. water vapor changes ultraviolet radia-
tion into carbon dioxide C. Temperature differences
D. Water vapor transmits heat as solar D. Continental deflection
radiation
1932. When water vapor turns into a liquid
1928. What is surface tension? A. condensation
A. The upward movement of water
B. runoff
B. The tightness across the surface of wa-
C. transpiration
ter
D. evaporation
C. When water turns into a gas
D. None of these are correct 1933. Ocean currents affect the amount of ,
or rain and snow, in an area.
1929. Which of the following could become a
volcanic island? A. blizzards
A. Seamount B. precipitation
B. Ocean trench C. The boy
C. Rift valley D. stratus clouds
D. Benthos 1934. What is the most abundant salt in sea
1930. In which type of climate would weath- water?
ering happen the fastest to a rock? A. sodium chloride
A. wet and warm B. magnesium chloride
B. dry and cold C. calcium chloride
C. wet and cold D. potassium chloride
D. dry and warm
1935. A rock containing iron becomes soft and
1931. What causes surface currents north and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It
south of the equator to move in different probably has been chemically weathered
directions? by-

1.1 HYDROLOGY 223
B. They control the occurrence of low and

high tides.

C. They influence climate by distributing
energy from the Sun.
D. They cause hurricanes to move in a
counterclockwise direction.
A. abrasion 1940. Which factor affects the movement of

deep currents?
B. carbon dioxide
A. increase in salinity
C. oxygen
B. the coriolis effect
D. acid rain
C. continental deflection
1936. Area underground where all gaps are D. deep currents
filled with only water.
1941. When water becomes water vapor and
A. zone of saturation disappears
B. zone of aeration A. Evaporation
C. divide B. Transpiration
D. drainage basin C. Precipitation
1937. The is the process by which gases in D. none of above
the atmosphere absorb and give off heat
1942. Cold water is more or less dense than
A. ozone layer warm water.
B. greenhouse effect A. More
C. coriolis effect B. Less
D. thermosphere 1943. How much of the total water on the
Earth is available for human use?
1938. This diagram represents a:
A. 3% because most of the water on Earth
is salt water.
B. 3% because most of the water on Earth
is either salt water or fresh water that is
inaccessible.
C. Less than 1% because most of the wa-
ter on Earth is salt water.
A. Spring Tide
D. Less than 1% because most of the wa-
B. Lunar Eclipse
ter on Earth is either salt water or fresh
C. Neap Tide water that is inaccessible.
D. Solar Eclipse
1944. Air has more moisture over warmer ar-
1939. Which statement best describes an ef- eas. True or False
fect caused by these currents? A. True
A. They prevent tsunamis from occurring. B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 224
1945. As the salinity of water increases, den- D. The cooler air over the water rises,
sity and the warmer air over the land falls and
A. increases moves toward the land.
B. decreases 1949. The graph shows the distribution of the

freshwater resources of Earth. Which of
C. stays the same
these sources of fresh water corresponds
D. none of above to Source 1?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1946. Which of the following best describes a
River Basin
A. An area of land
B. A body of water
C. A part of the groundwater
D. Underground water
1947. Which ocean receives the most freshwa- A. atmospheric water

ter output by way of rivers?
B. surface water
A. Arctic Ocean
C. frozen water
B. Atlantic Ocean
D. groundwater
C. Indian Ocean
1950. Which best explains why so little of the
D. none of above water on Earth is available for human use?
1948. The picture shows a beach on a sunny A. 97% of total water on Earth is salt wa-
day. How does the temperature of the air ter, and most of the remaining 3% is fresh-
cause a breeze to blow toward the land? water frozen in ice caps and glaciers/
Less than 1% is avaiable fresh water.
B. 97% of total water on Earth is salt wa-
ter, and most of the remaining 3% is fresh-
water found in lakes, rivers, and ponds
1951. What is the invisible force that causes

massive objects to pull other objects to-
wards them?
A. The warmer air over the land rises, A. Orbit
and the cooler air over the water falls and B. Gravitational Pull
moves toward the land.
C. Might
B. The cooler air over the land rises, and D. Force
the warmer air over the water falls and
moves toward the land. 1952. What is happening to the total amount
C. The warmer air over the water rises, of water on earth?
and the cooler air over the land falls and A. The amount of water on Earth is in-
moves toward the land. creasing because of precipitation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 225
B. The amount of water on Earth is con- D. A thick subsurface layer of soil that
stantly changing due to weather. cannot freeze even in harshest winter

C. The amount of water on Earth is de-
creasing because water is consumed and 1957. What ocean floor feature is represented
evaporated. by letter A?
D. The amount of water on Earth stays

fairly constant because what is evapo-
rated comes back as precipitation.
1953. A horizontal movement of ocean water

that is caused by wind and that occurs at
or near the ocean’s surface. A. continental shelf
A. Gulf Stream B. continental slope
B. Global Conveyor Belt C. abyssal plain
C. Surface Current D. mid-ocean ridge
D. Gyre
1958. The basic motions of ocean water are
1954. Oceans contain many dissolved ele- , ,
ments like calcium, sodium, and chlorine.
These elements combine with others to A. sand, salt, waves
form the salts in the oceans. Which of the B. waves, ocean, water
following sources is a major source of chlo-
ride and sodium in oceans? C. waves, tides, currents
A. boats losing their cargo D. none of above
B. pollutants from industrial wastes
1959. The distance between 2 crests is called
C. weathering and erosion of rocks a
D. coral bleaching A. wave length
1955. Which state would have more sink- B. trough
holes?
C. wave height
A. California
D. tide
B. New Jersey
C. Florida 1960. Sometimes groundwater flows through
D. none of above rock and eventually is stored. What is this
called?
1956. What is permafrost?
A. lake
A. A thick subsurface layer of soil that re-
mains frozen throughout the year B. tank
B. A thin surface layer of soil that freezes C. aquifer
over during cold winters D. infiltration
C. A thick subsurface layer of soil that re-
mains frozen during winter 1961. Choose the correct option

1.1 HYDROLOGY 226
1965. An ecosystem where all water runoff

drains into a single body of water
A. Watershed
B. Groundwater
C. Aquifer
D. Water table
E. River basin
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. most of the freshwater on Earth is
found in oceans. 1966. Where is most of Earth’s drinking water
located?
B. Most of the water available on Earth is
not drinkable. A. Ice Caps and Glaciers
C. Most of the water available on Earth is B. Underground as Groundwater

drinkable. C. Lakes and Rivers
D. Most of the freshwater on Earth is D. none of above
found as groundwater. 1967. On which kind of day would you expect
1962. Freshwater contains little to NO salt. the most evaporation from the surface of
Which of the following water sources does a pond?
NOT contain freshwater? A. cold, rainy
A. Glaciers B. cold, sunny
B. Lakes C. warm, rainy
C. Oceans D. warm, sunny
D. Rivers 1968. The pie graph shows the percentages of

water on Earth. A student claims that a
1963. When plants, animals, and other organ- large percentage of water on Earth is im-
isms die, they break down and become mediately available to drink. Which of the
part of the soil. What is this part of the following questions can a student ask to
soil called? determine if this is correct?
A. sand
B. silt
C. clay
D. humus
1964. Constantly moving system of deep-

ocean circulation driven by temperature A. Is 100% of the water on Earth immedi-
and salinity. It moves water around the ately available to drink?
globe. B. Is 97% of the water on Earth immedi-
ately available to drink?
C. Is 2% of the water on Earth immedi-
B. Global Conveyor Belt
C. Surface Currents D. Is 1% of the water on Earth immedi-
D. Gulf Stream ately available to drink?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 227
1969. An aquifer is a source of 1975. “molecules gain energy and spread out”
A. water that rises because of pressure A. evaporation

B. freshwater, which is used for drinking, B. condensation
bathing, and watering crops
C. hot springs from which the water peri- 1976. How do warm-water currents affect the
odically erupts coastal areas along which they flow?
D. groundwater that bubbles or flows out A. Cool the coast
of cracks in the rock B. Warm the coast
1970. Water turns from a liquid phase to a C. Cause snow to fall
gaseous phase due to energy input from
D. Cause higher tides
heat in which portion of the water cycle?
A. Evaporation 1977. All water in a watershed flows
B. Condensation A. downstream
C. Transpiration B. upstream
D. Precipitation
1978. Which phase of the moon can be seen in
1971. All of the combined bodies of water on position 7?
the planet.
A. lithosphere
B. biosphere
C. hydrosphere
D. none of above
1972. A stream’s consists of sand, pebbles,
cobbles that the stream’s water can roll or
push along the bed of the stream.
A. 1st Quarter
A. gradient
B. Full Moon
B. runoff
C. Waxing Gibbous
C. discharge
D. 3rd Quarter
D. load
1973. A good place for fishing 1979. Which of the following conditions must
be present to form an artesian well?
A. A hot current
B. A cold current A. There must be permeable rock so the
groundwater can refill the well
1974. The warmer the air the water vapor B. The groundwater must be in a confined
it can hold. aquifer so pressure can force the water
A. less up the well
B. more C. The area must be mountainous
C. same D. There must be a nearby stream to feed
D. none of above the well

1.1 HYDROLOGY 228
1980. Where are the tidal bulges in this im- A. Surface Tension
age?
B. Water Vapor
C. Water Conservation
D. Capillary Action
1985. A waterfall is most likely to be found
NARAYAN CHANGDER
closer to what part of the river?
A. A and C
A. River mouth
B. A and B
C. C and D B. River source
D. B and D
1986. When streams transport large particles
1981. Sometimes groundwater flows through during a flood, what happens to the veloc-
rock and is eventually stored in a location ity?
underground. What is the name of this lo-
cation? A. increases
A. lake B. decreases
B. tank
1987. What energy source drives the water
C. aquifer
cycle?
D. infiltration
A. the moon
1982. A is an area where a river meets an
ocean. B. gravity
A. mouth C. the wind
B. stream D. the sun
C. estuary
D. beach 1988. The process of gas turning into liquid is
called what?
1983. What are valleys between the mountain
ridges? A. evaporation
A. rift zones B. condensation
B. trenches C. Precipitation
C. abyssal plains
D. vaporization
D. continental slope Explanation:The process of gas turning
1984. The gas phase of water. into liquid is called condensation. In this
process, gas molecules lose energy and
slow down, eventually coming together to
form a liquid. This is the opposite of evap-
oration, where liquid turns into gas. Pre-
cipitation and vaporization are not the cor-
rect terms for this process.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 229
1989. The ability of water to rise in small B. 2

openings C. 4
A. Capillarity

D. 7
B. Permeable
1994. Which area in the ocean likely has the
C. Zone of Saturation HIGHEST salinity (salt)?
D. Transpiration A. Ocean water near a dry, arid (little wa-
1990. Why does D have a lower porosity than ter) desert
the rest? B. A warm, tropical sea with a lot of trop-
ical storms
C. The mouth of a river flowing into the
ocean
D. none of above
A. It has bigger sediments 1995. In runoff, how are most sediments car-
B. It has rounded sediments ried?
C. It is poorly sorted A. suspension
D. It is loosely packed B. bedload
1991. What happens to water density, if salin- C. solution

ity increases ( amount of salt dissolved in D. none of above
water)?
1996. Which stage of the water cycle allows
groundwater supplies to restock?
A. Precipitation
B. Infiltration
C. Runoff
A. Density will increase D. Condensation
B. Density will decrease 1997. Precipitation that flows over the land
and into streams and rivers.
1992. What is another word for radiation?
A. Runoff
A. Sun energy
B. Infiltration
B. Heat
C. Groundwater
C. Solar energy
D. Channel
D. Electromagnetic energy
1998. Surface ocean currents are generated
1993. What symbolizes the continental shelf?
mostly by
A. the Coriolis effect
B. water density
C. tides
A. 1 D. wind

1.1 HYDROLOGY 230
1999. A student takes a bottle of cold water 2002. How do cold water currents affect
from the refrigerator and leaves it on the weather on land near a coast?
counter. Ten minutes later, the student no- A. They bring hot humid air to the land
of the bottle. What scientific phenomenon B. They bring cool, dry air to the land.
2003. The cause of waves are by
bottle?
A. differences in density
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. the moon’s gravitational pull
C. winds blowing
D. temperature and salinity
2004. How does groundwater recharge occur?

A. Groundwater recharge is caused by
the evaporation of water from the aquifer
A. Condensation, because the tempera-
B. Groundwater recharge occurs when
the aquifer releases water into the atmo-
sphere
form.
C. Groundwater recharge happens when
B. Evaporation, because the temperature water is pumped out of the ground and
of the air nearest the bottle decreased into surface water sources
causing the water droplets to form.
D. Water from precipitation or surface
C. Condensation because the tempera- water sources infiltrates into the ground
ture of the air nearest the bottle in- and replenishes the aquifer.
creased causing water droplets to form.
2005. liquid water which moves over land
D. Evaporation, because the temperature
towards larger bodies of water such as
of the air nearest the bottle increased
rivers, lakes and oceans is called
2000. Clouds are formed by:

A. cool air rising
B. lightning
C. water vapor condensing
D. snow crystallizing A. runoff
B. transpiration
2001. What is the correct chemical formula for
water? C. groundwater
A. H2O D. aquifers
B. right 2006. Which of these shows a river channel?

C. rights
A.
D. 2H1O

1.1 HYDROLOGY 231
2010. Which best describes the Gulf Stream?

B.

2007. Water covers over 70% of planet Earth
and most of the water is salt water.
Which number on the map of the United
States represents a body of salt water?
A. an ocean current which originates in

the Gulf of Mexico and causes warm water
to travel up the east coast of the United
States
B. an ocean current which originates in
the Gulf of Mexico and causes cool water
A. 1 to travel up the east coast of the United
B. 2 States
C. 3 C. an ocean current which originates in

the Gulf of Mexico and causes warm water
D. 4 to travel down the east coast of Mexico
2008. Which ocean is surrounded by Asia, Eu- D. an ocean current which originates in
rope, and North America? the Gulf of Mexico and causes cool water
to travel down the east coast of Mexico
A. Atlantic
B. Arctic 2011. What is a watershed?
C. Indian A. Water in an area
D. Southern B. Water that flows into a river or stream
2009. Justify where most of the world’s wa- C. Land that water flows over and
ter is found. Where is most of the world’s through
water found? Use the justifications to D. Water that is salty
make your choice.
2012. A body of permeable rock that can con-
A. Rivers and lakes:The exact depth of
tain or transmit groundwater.
the rivers and lakes changes so it is dif-
ficult to determine volume. A. ocean
B. Aquifers:underground water, ground B. aquifer
deposits:All of the sources of under-
C. lake
ground water have not been found.
D. river
C. Oceans:The oceans contain more wa-
ter by volume than any other source
2013. When the river reaches flatter land, it
D. Polar ice:The amount of ice below the loses energy. So it drops or deposits its
surface is difficult to determine. load. The deposited material is called

1.1 HYDROLOGY 232
A. glaciers
B. lakes
C. rivers
D. oceans
A. Sediment 2017. Which organism is at the base of a ma-

rine food web?
B. Solution
A. crab
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Suspension
B. phytoplankton
D. Load
C. whale
2014. As the United States’ population contin- D. zooplankton
ues to grow, what is likely to be the great-
est threat to our groundwater? 2018. Which number is the deepest ocean floor
feature?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 8
A. Fertilizer D. 9
B. Sewage 2019. Which mineral is the most abundant in
C. Chemical spills from petroleum seawater?
D. Salinity A. Sodium Chloride
B. Calcium Chloride
2015. If water would travel through the wa-
ter cycle from a puddle in your front yard C. Magnesium Chloride
to the ocean, what would be the proper D. Potassium Chloride
sequence of steps for this to happen?
2020. When a tree’s rings are wide and evenly
A. Precipitation, Condensation, Evapora- spaced apart, it is a sign that
tion, Ocean, Runoff
B. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
tion, Runoff, Ocean
C. Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensa-
tion, Ocean, Runoff
D. Condensation, Evaporation, Precipita-
tion, Runoff, Ocean
2016. Which of the following contains most of

Earth’s water? A. It is old.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 233
B. It was damaged. 2025. average rainfall depth is measured by

C. It had enough water, nutrients, and A. arithmetic mean method

sunlight.
B. tipping bucket method
D. It went through a dry season.
C. floating type method
2021. The windward side of the mountain is D. radar method
green and lush and called the side of
the mountain. 2026. The gray crescent shapes touching Earth
A. Dry represent Earth’s water bulging outward
as high tide occurs at two places. As Earth
B. Wet turns, the two high tides will
2022. The area next to the beach that is only

about 100 meters deep would be called
the
A. continental shelf A. Remain on opposite sides of Earth, in

B. the continental slope line with the Moon
C. the mid-ocean ridge B. Move toward each other until they
form one large high tide
D. the ocean basin
C. Split in half causing high tides to occur
2023. Which of these statements is most accu- at four places on Earth
rate about the sun?
D. Grow smaller until there are no more
A. It has an infinite energy supply high tides occurring on earth
B. It is near the end of its life cycle
2027. Fish tank owners will often add ammo-
C. It is in its infancy in terms of energy nia to the tank to increase the nitrate lev-
consumption els. If too much ammonia is added, what
D. It has consumed approximately one- might occur?
half of its expandable ener A. Algae growth will stop, and oxygen will
not be produced.
2024. How do Ocean currents transfer en-
ergy? B. Algae growth will increase, causing
oxygen levels to increase.
A. Wind
C. Algae growth will increase, causing
B. Sun oxygen levels to decrease.
C. Waves
D. Algae growth will decrease, causing
D. Hurricanes oxygen levels to decrease.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 234
2028. Where does salt in the ocean come 2033. If gasoline or oil or trash goes into a
from? storm drain in the street, it goes directly
A. weathering and erosion of the
crust/land
B. cementation of salt from sedimentary
rocks
C. compaction of the lithospheric plates
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. precipitation of salt into the ocean
2029. What happens when water is heated

and changes from a liquid to a solid?
A. to the sewage treatment plant
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation B. into the stream
C. Precipitation C. to groundwater
D. none of above D. none of the above
2030. About how much of the Earth’s surface 2034. What happens to light and temperature
is covered with water? as you descend in the water column (go
A. 1/4 deeper in the ocean)?
B. 1/2 A. Light deceases and temperature in-

creases
C. 3/4
B. Light increases and temperature de-
D. 1/5
creases
2031. Potential or Kinetic energy?swinging C. Light and temperature decrease
down on a swing
D. Light and temperature increase
2035. A liquid that dissolves substances called

solutes
A. Acid
B. Turbid
C. Disinfectant
A. potential
D. Solvent
B. kinetic
2036. About how much of Earth’s surface is
2032. Excess water running down a mountain-
covered by water?
side is an example of
A. accumulation A. 3 %
B. evaporation B. 30 %
C. runoff C. 75 %
D. precipitation D. 90 %

1.1 HYDROLOGY 235
2037. Water can pass through these types of other parts of the world. What is the main
layers cause of these currents?

A. permeable A. Differences in topography along the
B. impermeable ocean floor
2038. A rush of water that flows rapidly back B. Differences in density of ocean water
to sea through a narrow opening in a sand- C. The rotation of the Earth on its axis
bar
D. Global winds
A. Climate
B. ocean current 2042. Which of the followign causes ocean
C. rip current waves?
D. tide A. gravity
2039. You grab a cup of hot chocolate from B. coriolis effect

Dunkin Donuts. When you take the lid off C. nekton
the cup, water droplets have formed on
the inside of the lid. What is this an exam- D. wind
ple of?
2043. What type of current is the California
current?
A. condensation A. Warm
B. evaporation B. Cold
C. precipitation
D. collection 2044. What type of water pollution would go
along with fertilizers flowing into water
2040. When the water reaches a rock layer, it creating a growth in algae?
creates an
A. toxic
A. aquifor
B. sediment
B. watershed
C. nutrient
C. precipitation
D. runoff D. bacterial
2041. Surface ocean currents near the equator 2045. What word describes when water is at-
take warm water to the colder waters in tracted to other substances?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 236
2049. is the process by which moisture is

carried through plants from roots to small
pores on the underside of leaves, where
it changes to vapor and is released to the
atmosphere. It is essentially evaporation
of water from plant leaves.
A. Transpiration
B. Percolation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. cohesion
C. Infiltration
B. adhesion
D. Plant Uptake
C. capillary action
2050. Nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen
D. surface tension
added to a body of water causes:
2046. sticking to other things, quality of wa- A. filtering
ter
B. gravity
A. Adhesion
C. lithification
B. Cohesion
D. Eutrophication
C. Surface Water
D. Polarity 2051. Where does most of the salt in the ocean
come from?
2047. What is the a gently sloping are that A. tropical heat
connects the continent to the flat bottom
part of the ocean? B. rain
A. shelf C. rivers and streams
B. slope D. volcanic activity
C. rise 2052. The combination of all water found on,
D. abyssal plain under, and above Earth’s surface
A. infiltration
2048. The image here is how humans control
rivers for the last few hundred years. This B. hydrosphere
is C. transpiration
D. water conservation
2053. What is the green arrow pointing too?
A. diverting water thru canels A. Ocean basin

B. create an aqueduct B. Seamounts
C. damming a river C. Volcanoes
D. desalination plant D. Abyssal Plain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 237
2054. The process when water in leaves and B. both are nonrenewable
plants evaporates into the atmosphere is
C. wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal
called:

energy is renewable
A. Transpiration
D. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal en-
B. Evaporation ergy is nonrenewable.
C. Precipitation
D. Condensation 2060. What happens to the water table during
periods of drought?
2055. What is a submarine mountain with a
A. the level of the water table rises
flat top?
A. seamount B. The level of the water table falls.
B. volcano C. The level of the water table will remain

the same.
C. guyot
D. It will fall and then rise
D. rift valley
2056. What energy sources drives the water 2061. What features is labeled at B?
cycle?
A. chemical
B. mechanical
C. solar
D. wind
2057. Renewable or Non-renewable:Natural

Gas? A. continental shelf
A. Renewable B. continental slope
B. Non-renewable C. MOR
2058. Which contributes most in supporting D. trench
life on the deep ocean floor?
A. cold water temperatures 2062. Which has the lowest salinity?
B. extreme water pressure

C. hydrothermal vents
D. lack of predators
2059. Wave energy from the ocean can be har-

nessed to power generators to make elec-
tricity. Energy from ocean tides can also A. 1
be used to make electricity. How would B. 2
you categorize these two sources of en-
ergy? C. 3
A. both are renewable D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 238
2063. Which ocean is number 5? B. Seamount

C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Abyssal Plain
2067. the process by which water on the

ground surface enters the soil or another
area
A. Infiltration
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Southern Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean B. Transpiration
C. Indian Ocean C. Precipitation

D. Distribution
D. Atlantic Ocean
2068. When you washed your hair, you de-
2064. Which of the following terms are used
cided to let it air dry. How does your hair
to designate the beginning and end of a
dry all by itself?
river?
A. The water condenses into water va-
A. Headwaters
por.
B. Tributaries
B. The water just disappears.
C. Divide
C. No one really knows how to explain it.
D. Mouth
D. The water slowly evaporates until your
2065. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the hair is dry.
northern hemisphere moves 2069. A land area that is covered with water
during all or part of the year
A. Freshwater
B. wetland
C. hydrosphere
D. watershed

A. clockwise BEST be answered by the data presented
in the graph?
C. both
D. neither
2066. What is letter E?
A. Does the salinity of ocean water in-

crease over time?
B. Does the density of ocean water in-
A. Volcanic Island crease over time?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 239
C. Is there a direct relationship between dense the water is which makes it easier
the density and salinity of ocean water? to float in.
D. Is there an indirect relationship be- C. Both City A and City B would be loca-

tween the density and salinity of ocean tions where humans can float in dense wa-
water? ter, both river water and ocean water are
both salty.
2071. What does it mean for our oceans to be
a “carbon sink”? D. none of above
A. carbon levels in the ocean sink and 2074. Large bodies of water affect climate of
evaporate into the atmosphere the land next to them because
B. as carbon enters the ocean, it sinks in A. water heats up and cools more slowly
sea levels than land
C. it absorbs and stores carbon dioxide B. water heats up and cools faster than
from the atmosphere land
D. Carbon dioxide is produced in the C. water and land cool at the same time
ocean and held there D. water and land heat at the same rate
2072. covers huge landmasses and are the ice 2075. What is the point at which water
sheets that cover Antarctica and Green- freezes (both in F and C)?
land
A. groundwater
B. salt water
C. Continental Glaciers
D. none of above
2073. Ocean water was taken from two dif-

ferent coastal cities. City A is located near
the mouth of a river and has a cold, hu- A. 212 F 100 C
mid climate. City B is located closer to
the equator near the Gulf of Mexico where B. -459 F-273 C
water does not move very quickly. Sense C. 32 F 0 C
it is easier for humans to float in more D. -108 F-78 C
dense water, which city would it be eas-
ier to float in and why? 2076. has the same temperature and mois-
A. City A would be easier to float in be- ture content throughout.
cause the river would add more salt to the A. convection current
water making it denser and easier to float B. front
in.
C. air mass
B. City B would be easier to float in be-
cause it is hotter which means more wa- D. none of above
ter evaporates here which increases the 2077. The most abundant salt in seawater
salinity of water. The area is also slow
moving which means the salinity would be A. Potassium Chloride
higher. The higher the salinity the more B. Manganese Chloride

1.1 HYDROLOGY 240
C. Sodium Chloride D. Evaporation because the temperature

D. none of above of the air surrounding the bottle de-
2078. what is the main cause of the coriolis form.
effect?
2081. When do streams and rivers deposit
sediment?
A. When their velocity decreases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. When they are in the midst of flooding
C. When their velocity increases
D. When they plunge over waterfalls
2082. water lost from plants is known as

A. earth’s rotation A. evaporation
B. trade winds B. condensation
C. the sun and ocean C. transpiration
D. temperature D. precipitation
2079. Which property of water describes the 2083. Water on earth never runs out even
amount of heat needed to increase the tem- though it is used continuously. This is be-
perature of a substance? cause water experiences
A. boiling point A. Addition
B. melting point B. Rotation
C. specific heat
C. Mixing
D. freezing point
D. Reduction
2080. A student takes a bottle of cold water
2084. What is the theory in which Earth is the
from the refrigerator and leaves it on the
center of the universe?
kitchen counter. Ten minutes later, the stu-
dent noticed there is now water on the A. Heliocentric Theory
outside of the bottle. What scientific phe- B. Geocentric Theory
nomenon explains the water on the out-
C. Big Bang Theory
side of the bottle?
D. Multiverse Theory
ture of the air surrounding the bottle in- 2085. If you were able to walk along the
creased causing water droplets to form. ocean bottom from a beach, which of the
B. Condensation because the tempera- following features would you reach after
ture of the air surrounding the bottle de- the continental shelf?
creased causing the water droplets to A. the abyssal plain
form.
B. the mid-ocean ridge
C. Evaporation because the temperature
of the air surrounding the bottle increased C. a seamount
causing the water droplets to form. D. the continental slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 241
2086. List the two gasses that are found in C. temperature decreases and salinity in-
ocean water that are necessary for living creases
things.

D. both temperature and salinity de-
A. Nitrogen, salt crease
B. Hydrogen, oxygen 2090. The area where the river reaches the
C. Oxygen, carbon dioxide ocean or another larger body of water.
D. none of above
2087. It is the smallest, geologically youngest,

and physically most complex of the
world’s Four major oceans.
A. Zone 1-Sediment Production Zone

B. Zone 2-Sediment Transport Zone
C. Zone 3-Sediment Deposition Zone
A. Atlantic Ocean
D. none of above
B. Arctic Ocean
2091. A student observed that a pole fixed
C. Pacific Ocean
near a beach remained visible throughout
D. Indian Ocean theday, but became submerged in water
at night. His friend believed that the sand
2088. What is the winding part of a river?
wasloose at night, causing the pole to
sink into the sand. The student did not
agree with hisfriend’s explanation.Which
of these MOST LIKELY caused the pole to
be submerged at night?
A. low tides from a lack of recent rainfall
B. high tides caused by the Moon’s grav-
ity
A. Canyon Building River C. smaller waves from a decrease in
B. Downcutting River ocean currents
C. Meandering River D. bigger waves from stronger winds
D. Winding River blowing from the shore
2092. For metals (groups 1-3), its easier to
2089. What two things affect the density of
electrons to have a full outer shell.
water causing it to sink deeper in the
ocean? A. gain
A. temperature increases and salinity de- B. lose
creases C. share
B. both temperature and salinity increase D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 242
2093. water that flows over the ground sur-

face rather than soaking into the ground =
Groundwater
A. True
B. False
2094. What drives the water cycle? A. thermal to solar to light

A. Global winds
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. solar to light to electrical
B. Prevailing winds C. mechanical to electrical to light
C. Sun’s heat D. electrical to mechanical to light
D. Rotation of the Earth 2098. The picture shows a limestone statue
that has been weathered. This is an ex-
2095. Wind blasting sand at rock and carving
ample of what type of weathering?
out caves
A. Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. none of above A. Physical-Acid Precipitation
B. Physical-Abrasion
2096. What happens to pressure and den-
sity as altitude increases in Earth’s atmo- C. Chemical-Acid Precipitation
sphere? D. Chemical-Abrasion
A. As altitude increases, pressure in- 2099. To demonstrate part of the water cycle,
creases and density decreases. a science teacher taped a sealed plastic bag
B. As altitude increases, pressure de- containing water on a window in the class-
creases and density increases. room. After a few hours in the sunlight,
tiny drops of water formed near the top
C. As altitude increases, both pressure
of the bag. How does this model illustrate
and density increase.
the role of the Sun in the water cycle?
D. As altitude increases, both pressure
A. It shows how the Sun’s energy causes
and density decrease.
warm salt water to sink in the ocean as it
2097. The picture shows a light bulb attached heats up, creating ocean currents.
to a hand generator. What energy trans- B. It shows how the Sun’s energy causes
formation occurs as the handle of the gen- water vapor to heat up as it rises higher
erator is turned? in the atmosphere, making precipitation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 243
C. It shows how the Sun’s energy causes C. surface currents

water vapor to condense on Earth’s sur- D. Deep Ocean Currents
face as it cools, creating lakes and ponds.

2105. What causes deep currents?
D. It shows how the Sun’s energy causes
water to evaporate from Earth’s surface, A. differences in salinity
making clouds in the atmosphere as it B. differences in temperature
cools.
C. differences in pressure
2100. Water held underground in the soil or in D. differences in density
pores and crevices in rock.
2106. When water condenses, the water va-
A. Aquifer por in the air gets and changes back
B. Groundwater into liquid.
C. Wastewater
D. Runoff
2101. the measure of how compact a sub-

stance is
A. composition
B. accumulation A. cold
C. density B. hot
C. warm
D. condensation
D. solid
2102. The amount of water that is available
to enter the groundwater in a region is in- 2107. Which current effects the climate of the
fluenced by the East coast of Asia?
A. plant cover of
B. ladeltierra earring
C. type of rock found on the surface
D. all previous
2103. When water, ice, or snow falls from A. The Canary Current
clouds to the earth, that is
B. The Benguela Current
A. evaporation C. The West Wind Drift
B. condensation D. The Kuroshio Current
C. transpiration
2108. In which zone is the ocean temperature
D. precipitation most affected by the weather?
2104. The Earth’s rotation and wind causes A. Deep Zone
which ocean movement? B. Thermocline zone
A. waves C. Surface zone
B. tides D. Polar zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 244
2109. All of the following would be found deep 2114. The majority of our DRINKING water
in a natural cave except- comes from
A. Stalagmites A. ice caps and glaciers
B. Photosynthetic Organisms B. groundwater
C. Groundwater C. lakes and rivers
D. Mineral Deposits D. the ocean
2115. The boundary between the zone of aer-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2110. The deepest part of the ocean is called
a ation and the zone of saturation is called
the
A. trench
A. infiltrate
B. seamount
B. impermeable bedrock
C. continental shelf C. water table
D. continental slope D. ground zero
2111. Fresh water makes up % of all wa- 2116. When ice forms in the oceans, what hap-
ter. pens to the water found directly under-
A. 97% neath the newly formed ice?
B. 3%
C. 71%
D. 50%
2112. A regional water board is examining

proposals to provide drinking water to
a growing metropolitan area. Which of A. It becomes colder
these proposals is most likely to deplete B. It becomes warmer
groundwater supplies?
C. It becomes denser
A. installation of city-owned wells within
each neighborhood D. It becomes more salty
B. construction of a dam to create a large 2117. Two types of water currents are
water reservoir
C. placement of stations along a river to
capture and filter water
D. establishment of a water treatment
plant next to a large lake
2113. Where does most of Earth’s evaporation

take place?
A. over the ocean A. local and global
B. below Earth’s surface B. sea and land
C. inside of clouds C. surface and deep
D. on the surface of ponds D. warm and cold

1.1 HYDROLOGY 245
2118. The Coriolis Effect is caused by A. Nitrates poison the water that fish
A. Earth rotating around the sun breathe through their gills.

B. Microorganisms in the water absorb
B. Earth rotating on its axis
all the oxygen, suffocating animals.
C. The tides
C. Aquatic animals increase, adding pro-
D. Gravity ducers to the food chain and feeding fish.
2119. The lowest part of a wave is known as D. Algal blooms deplete the oxygen and
the ? block the sunlight from penetrating a body
of water.
A. crest
B. wavelength 2123. Which is not an ocean?
C. wave height A. Pacific
D. trough B. Atlantic
C. road cancer
2120. Which of the following is a way to con-
D. Arctic
serve water?
2124. rain gauge that is used in mountainous
inaccessible areas
A. Symon’s rain gauge
B. tipping bucket
C. weighing type
D. telemetering rain gauge
A. taking extra long showers 2125. The shallow water zone of the ocean
will have the greatest amount of and nu-
B. allowing the water to run while brush-
trients for many different organisms.
ing teeth
A. sunlight
C. doing the laundry 7 days a week
B. oxygen
D. throwing nose tissues in the trash in-
stead of always flushing down the toilet C. algae
D. salt
2121. Which process in the water cycle would Explanation:The shallow water zone of the
be accelerated by an increase in tempera- ocean is the area closest to the shoreline.
ture? This zone is the most productive part of
A. Condensation the ocean, as it receives the most sunlight
and is the warmest. This makes it an ideal
B. precipitation
habitat for a variety of organisms, includ-
C. evaporation ing fish, crustaceans, and other marine
D. run off life. The shallow water zone also has the
highest concentration of nutrients, such
2122. Which aspect of fertilizer pollution as nitrogen and phosphorus, which are es-
would have the greatest negative impact sential for the growth of these organisms.
on an aquatic ecosystem? As a result, the shallow water zone is the

1.1 HYDROLOGY 246
most productive part of the ocean, provid- 2129. Adrienne noticed a puddle in her drive-
ing food and shelter for a wide variety of way after a rain storm before the sun
marine life. came out. Later that afternoon, she no-
ticed the puddle was much smaller. What
2126. This type of front doesn’t move for a made the puddle become smaller?
long time, and the 2 air masses tend to
move sideways A. The rain stopped falling.
A. cold front B. The puddle drained into the grass.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. occluded front C. The sun heated the water and it evap-
orated.
C. stationary front
D. The water was soaked into the drive-
D. warm front
way.
2127. How does one find the Streamflow of a
river? 2130. What is an undersea mountain chain
where new ocean floor is produced at a
divergent plate boundary?
A. trench
B. abyssal plain
C. volcano
D. mid-ocean ridge
2131. Deposition is when

A. By multiplying the area (width x depth)
of a channel by the velocity of the water
B. By multiplying the average depth times
the velocity
C. By multiplying the average width times
the depth
D. By multiplying the average depth times A. Objects are moved along the river.
the area
B. Material is put down along the river.
2128. What is stewardship? C. Material is suspended in the water.
A. A person who looks after the passen-
D. Objects are move into the ocean.
gers on a ship, aircraft, or train and brings
them meals 2132. How does groundwater move?
B. Responsible use and protection of the A. By twisting and turning through inter-
natural environment through conserva- connected small openings
tion
B. Straight down from the surface to form
C. A person employed to manage an-
springs
other’s property
C. Rapidly through impermeable layers
D. A person whose responsibility it is to
take care of something D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 247
2133. When water returns to the surface of 2137. The following map represents 4 of the
the Earth Earth’s surface currents:Which of the fol-
lowing two currents are more than likely

A. Condensation
warm?
B. Runoff/Infiltration
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
2134. Look at the diagram below. What ocean

floor feature matches letter G?
A. Benguela and Canary
B. Brazil and Benguela
C. Gulf Stream and Brazil
D. Canary and Brazil
A. Volcanic Island
2138. Which of the following is true?
B. Trench
A. Ice caps consist mostly of salt water.
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
B. The ocean consists mostly of freshwa-
D. Continental Shelf ter
2135. The top of the saturated zone, deter- C. Rivers and streams transport nutri-
mined by measuring the substances in wa- ents, salts, sediments, and pollutants
ter besides water molecules. from watersheds to estuaries, and to the
ocean.
D. Overconsumption of water is an issue
across the world.
2139. How does pressure change the deeper

you travel into the ocean? Why? (Choose
the BEST answer)
A. Pressure increases as you get lower.
A. Oceanic Zone
B. Pressure decreases as you get lower.
B. Salinity
C. Pressure increases as you get lower
C. Kelp Forest because there is more water above you.
D. Water Table D. Pressure decreases as you get lower
because there is more water above you.
2136. Area underground where gaps in soil
and rock are filled with both air and wa- 2140. A sponge has high porosity. A rock can
ter. have it too. Porosity is
A. zone of saturation A. the inability to hold water
B. zone of aeration B. the ability to hold water
C. water shed C. allowing water to pass through
D. tributary D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 248
2141. The main reason why ice floats in liquid 2145. A body of freshwater that flows contin-
water. uously towards the ocean
A. Given the same masses, ice has a big- A. Glacier
ger volume compared to the volume of liq-
uid water. B. River
B. Ice contains air which makes it float in C. Topography

liquid water. D. Saltwater
C. Given the same volume, ice has a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. Ocean
smaller mass compared to the mass of a
liquid water. 2146. Which one of the following answer
D. none of above choices does this scenario describe? After
a thunderstorm, rain water runs off down
2142. Humans can only explore the deep ocean
the hillside.
zone with the help of
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. runoff
2147. Why can’t you see the water vapor in

A. scuba gear the air?
B. the federal government A. There is very little of it.
C. submersible vehicles B. It is a clear, colorless gas.
D. magic
C. It is very far away.
2143. Which best represents the order of D. It only happens at night.
seafloor features as you move from the
shorelineto the deep ocean? 2148. Which of the following will increase the
A. continental slope → continental shelf amount of water in the ocean?
→ continental rise → mid-ocean ridge
A. Melting of floating ice
B. continental rise → continental shelf
→ mid-ocean ridge → continental slope B. Melting of glaciers
C. continental shelf → continental slope C. The complete water cycle

→ continental rise → mid-ocean ridge D. Freezing of the icecaps
D. mid-ocean ridge → continental rise →
continental shelf → continental slope 2149. What is the water cycle?
2144. What does the prefix Hydro mean? A. the 3 forms of water
A. earth B. the movement of water on, above, or
B. water below the surface of the Earth
C. heat C. when water melts
D. land D. when precipitation occurs

1.1 HYDROLOGY 249
2150. How could a long-term decrease in pre- A. a decrease in turbidity

cipitation impact an area? B. a decrease in nitrate levels

A. It could increase the average water C. an increase in water temperature
level of lakes in the area.
D. an increase in dissolved oxygen levels
B. It could increase the amount of flood-
ing in the area. 2155. Hydrogeology
C. It could decrease the amount of possi- A. Study of the atmosphere including
ble infiltration in the area. weather and climate
D. It could decrease the possible amount B. Flow and occurrence of water on the
of damage to crops in the area. surface of the earth
2151. Parts of Georgia and southern Califor- C. Flow and occurrence of ground water
nia lie at the same latitude, but the climate D. none of above
of Georgia is generally warmer than that
of southern California. What is one possi- 2156. (Select 4) Tides are caused by the inter-
ble explanation for this difference? action and influence of
A. Georgia is closer to the equator so it A. the Earth
receives more sunlight than southern Cal- B. the Sun
ifornia.
C. the Moon
B. Georgia is farther east than southern
California so its days are longer. D. gravity
C. Georgia’s climate is warmed by ocean E. wind
currents from the equator.
2157. Most of the sun’s radiation passes
D. Georgia’s climate is warmed by ocean through Earth’s atmosphere and is ab-
currents from the equator. sorbed by land and water. The diagram
below shows some of the ways in which
2152. The lowest point of a wave is its
air is warmed. What kind of energy trans-
A. crest fer is shown by the movement of the air
B. trough labeled B in the diagram?
C. wave length
D. wave height
2153. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water

found?
A. Ocean
B. Ice (glaciers & ice caps) A. conduction, when air particles collide
and transfer energy as heat
C. Lakes
B. radiation, when the energy in electro-
D. Underground magnetic waves warms the air
2154. Which of the following would most C. convection, when warm air rises up-
likely result in an unhealthy aquatic habi- ward, spreads out, and transfers energy
tat? as heat

1.1 HYDROLOGY 250
D. conduction, when warm air rises up- A. Tributary

ward, spreads out, and transfers energy
B. Water Shed
as electromagnetic waves
C. Confluence
2158. Many areas of the world without ade-
quate fresh water have become habitable D. Mouth
because:
A. water conservation has been imple- 2162. The top of the saturated zone; how far
you must dig to reach groundwater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
mented.
B. icebergs have been towed in to provide A. water table
fresh water.
B. divide
C. water management projects have di-
verted water to the area. C. dam
D. rainfall patterns have changed. D. reservoir
2159. Point-source and non-point source pollu-
tion differ in 2163. Stronger winds create waves.
A. the kind of biological agents causing
the pollution
B. whether the source of pollution is agri-
cultural or industrial
C. the number of sources from which the
pollution discharged
D. where the pollutants are chemical or A. larger
physical agents
B. smaller
2160. Name feature C
2164. The upper limit of the saturation zone
is
A. turbidity
B. saturation zone
A. guyot
C. the water table
B. seamount
C. abyssal plain D. none of above
2165. When our weather journal says the air
2161. What is the name of the point where a pressure will be LOW, what will it be like
river ends? outside?
A. Clear and sunny
B. Warm and cold
C. Mostly sunny
D. Cloudy and stormy

1.1 HYDROLOGY 251
2166. What scenario would you expect to find

the most erosion due to runoff?

A. A shallow slope covered with grass
B. A shallow, bare slope
C. A steep slope covered with evergreen
trees
D. A steep, bare slope
2167. Which well(s) end(s) in a saturated A. color

zone?
B. density
C. chlorine
D. thermocline
2170. What nutrient do algae blooms deplete

needed by fish?
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
A. 1 and 2
C. carbon dioxide
B. 1 only
D. phosphorous
C. 4 and 5
2171. The current meter is placed at two
D. 1, 3 and 5 points. First the reading is taken at 0.2
of depth from the surface and then
2168. When too much fresh water is extracted
from an underground source in a coastalre- A. B0.8d
gion, salt water can seep into the aquifer, B. 0.may
making the aquifer unusable. Which action C. 0.may
reduces the risk of a saltwater intrusion
through good management of resources? D. B= (B0.2d + B0.chd)/2
A. Building a desalination plant to convert 2172. How are Deep ocean currents produced?
nearby salt water to fresh water. A. Wind
B. Creating an impermeable barrier be- B. Waves
tween the aquifer and the salt water.
C. Temperature and salinity
C. Conserving water by reducing con- D. Temperature density and salinity
sumption in homes, schools, and busi-
nesses. 2173. The water cycle is powered by the
D. Drilling wells for individual homes in- A. sun
stead of relying on municipal water sup- B. wind
plies.
C. air
2169. Temperature affects this greatly D. biomass

1.1 HYDROLOGY 252
2174. energy transmitted in waves, usually A. hydrology

from the Sun B. watershed
A. radiation C. waterway
B. convection D. hydrological area
C. infiltration
2179. Which process is demonstrated inside
D. aquifer the red circle?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2175. What does the red arrow in the cross-
section represent?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
A. Zone of Aeration
D. Transpiration
C. Water Table 2180. Which of the following is the corre-
sponding Continental land form for the
D. Impermeable Bedrock Abyssal Plain.
2176. What is the difference between two A. Plains
types of currents (How are they formed B. Mountain
and how do they move)
C. Dessert
A. Surface currents are driven mainly by
D. Valley
wind and deep ocean currents are caused
by differences in density of water (colder 2181. Very slight increases in the acidity of
temp and higher salinity) seawater marine organisms that make
B. Surface currents are driven by den- shells.
sity of water and deep ocean currents are A. doesn’t bother
driven by wind. B. has no effect on
2177. 30% of all freshwater will be located C. is unhealthy and stresses
where? D. none of above
A. Ice
2182. What is the name of the ocean labeled
B. Groundwater with the letter J?
C. Lakes
D. Water Vapor
2178. The area of land where all of the water

that is under it or drains off of it goes into
the same location is called a

1.1 HYDROLOGY 253
A. Pacific Ocean A. condensation

B. Indian Ocean B. percolation

C. Arctic Ocean C. infiltration
D. Southern Ocean D. transpiration
2183. the process in which a liquid changes to 2187. If a high tide happens at 12:00pm when
a gas will the next one likely happen?
A. infiltration A. 1:00 am
B. precipitation B. 12:25 am
C. condensation C. 8:00am
D. evaporation D. 1:00pm
E. transpiration 2188. When water from a river enters a larger
2184. which of the following is not the form body of water, the velocity of the river
of precipitation slows. Choose the landform that forms
from deposition of sediment at the mouth
A. drizzle of a river when the water slows.
B. glaze A. Alluvial fan
C. snow B. Sinkhole
D. upwelling C. Aquifer
2185. The large flat, almost level area of the D. Delta
ocean floor
2189. What contributes the most to beach ero-
sion?
A. animal activity
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
A. Guyot D. wave action
B. Ocean Floor
2190. A type of aquifer that is trapped below
C. Abyssal Plain and impermeable layer of bedrock is called
D. Seamount a(n) aquifer
A. confined
2186. Some returns to the air by evapora-
tion from the ground or by from plant B. unconfined
leaves. C. water table
D. artesian
2191. The curved paths of global winds and

surface currents are caused by
A. the rotation of the Earth / Coriolis Ef-
fect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 254
B. the gravitational pull on the Earth A. 5%

C. warm air near the equator B. 0%
D. continental deflection C. 25%
D. none of above
2192. Water tables are located between
A. Ground water 2196. When ice forms in the oceans, what hap-
pens to the water found directly under-
B. Unsaturated soil neath the newly formed ice?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Bedrock A. salinity increases
D. Surface water B. temperature increases
E. Saturated soil C. density decreases
2193. What is the layer above the water table D. salinity decreases
that is permeable?
2197. What would happen to the amount and
A. saturated zone size of sediment carried by a stream if the
B. watershed velocity of the stream increased?
C. aquifer A. The amount and size of the sediment
carried would increase
D. unsaturated zone
B. The amount of sediment carried would
2194. What will most likely happen if a warm increase but the size would decrease
ocean current travels north or south from C. The amount and size of the sediment
the equator? carried would decrease
A. the warm water will cool down gradu- D. The amount of sediment carried would
ally, and sink as it becomes denser decrease but the size would increase
B. the warm water will cool down rapidly
2198. Areas where cold, nutrient rich waters
and rise to the surface
are brought to the surface due to winds
C. the warm water will remain at the blowing offshore are known as
same temperature
A. Aquifers
D. the warm water will heat up further
B. Benthos
and become even warmer
Explanation:When a warm ocean current C. Upwelling
moves away from the equator, it encoun- D. Hydrothermal Vents
ters colder regions. As it travels, the
warm water gradually loses heat to the 2199. water can not pass through these types
colder surrounding environment, causing of rock layers
it to cool down. As the water cools, it A. permeable
becomes denser and sinks. This is why
B. impermeable
the correct answer is ‘the warm water
will cool down gradually, and sink as it be- 2200. Research in which of these areas has the
comes denser’. greatest impact on the environment?
2195. The amount of water on the Earth grows A. irradiating food

by each year. B. organic fertilizers

1.1 HYDROLOGY 255
C. bacteria to clean up oil spills A. new moon

D. developing larger, sweeter strawber- B. first quarter

ries
C. full moon
2201. Which answer is closest to the amount
of the Earth’s surface covered with water? D. last quarter/3rd quarter
2204. Deep Atlantic Currents are formed

largely as a result of
A. erosion by surface winds
B. heating of surface water
C. the rotation of the Earth
D. denser water sinking
A. 1/4 = 25% 2205. Use the image to identify the Tule Lake
watershed.
B. 1/2 = 50%
C. 3/4 = 75%
D. 1/5 = 20%
2202. The Earth’s rotation causes the winds

and surface currents to curve differently
in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
What is this phenomenon called?
A. A
B. B
A. Density C. C
B. Moon’s Gravity D. D
C. Coriolis Effect E. E
D. Continental Drift
2206. At which stage would a river have a lot
2203. Which moon phase is shown in this dia- of sediment deposition?
gram?
A. old
B. mature
C. youthful
D. rejuvenated

1.1 HYDROLOGY 256
2207. Which process of the water cycle re-

quires temperature to decrease?
B.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. evaporation
B. precipitation
C. condensation C.
D. none of above
2208. What will happen to the glaciers and ice

caps if the Sun’s energy gets stronger?
A. The ice will become much colder, caus-

ing clouds to form less rainfall.
B. The ice will become water, then the

water will become vapor. D.
C. The ice will become much harder, caus-
ing clouds to form more rainfall.
D. none of above
2209. Which image best describes air pressure 2210. Which of the following River Basins
in the atmosphere? empties into the Gulf of Mexico via the
Mississippi River?
A. Cape Fear
B. Savannah
C. Catawba
A. D. Little Tennessee
2211. In the hydrologic cycle, which pro-

cess contributes directly to a decrease in
groundwater levels?
A. infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 257
B. precipitation 2217. A plant is placed in the sun for 2 day

C. evaporation with a plastic bag around a few of its
leaves. When the plant is checked after

D. condensation these 2 days, water droplets can be seen
2212. Which of the following is an important inside of the bag. This is due to what step
function of wetlands and estuary ecosys- in the water cycle?
tems?
A. Evaporation
A. Increasing water pollution
B. Precipitation
B. reducing biodiversity
C. providing flood control C. Transpiration
D. increasing desertification D. Infiltration
2213. As Earth’s human population grows,
what happens to the need for natural re- 2218. A local government is considering
sources whether to build a dam. Which is an ad-
vantage of building this structure?
A. need for natural resources stays the
same A. it can create a storage place for water.
B. need for natural resources decreases
B. it can improve the natural habitat of
C. no effect on need for natural re- plants and animals.
sources
D. need for natural resources increases 2219. The diagram shows the layers of the at-
mosphere. In which two layers of the at-
2214. Which term describes why wind and cur-
mosphere does temperature decrease as
rents curve due to the Earth’s rotation?
altitude increases?
A. Currents
B. Wind
C. The Coriolis Effect
D. Tides
2215. Frozen water, a brittle, transparent
crystalline solid.
A. aquifer
B. swamp
C. ocean
D. ice
A. The mesosphere and the stratosphere
2216. The change of water vapor to a liquid
form is called B. The stratosphere and the thermo-
A. Transpiration sphere
B. Evaporation C. The thermosphere and the tropo-

C. Condensation sphere
D. none of above D. The troposphere and the mesosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 258
2220. The best expression for the total A. Water that is evaporated
amount of water on the earth today is B. Groundwater
A. greater than the total amount in 1900. C. Condensed water
B. equal to the total amount in 1900 D. Water as runoff
C. less than the total amount in 1900
2226. It shows us how quickly the floodwa-
D. none of above ters begin to rise.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2221. If the first HIGH tide of the day occurs A. Baseflow
at 1:00AM, when will the next HIGH tide B. Recessional limb
occur?
C. Rising limb
A. 7:00am
D. Peak discharge
B. 1:00pm
2227. Which technology is best at capturing
C. 7:00pm
detailed information about the sea floor?
D. 1:00am the next day
A. Satellite
2222. Which would result in the greatest B. Doppler Radar
strain on the local water availability?
C. Sonar
A. increased farm activity around local
D. ROVs
waterways
B. decreased farm activity around local 2228. are huge clumps of air that move
waterways around the Earth, bringing changes in the
weather.
C. decreased industrial activity
A. Air Masses
D. none of above
B. Fronts
2223. High quality soils often contain a large
C. Storms
amount of humus. Identify the best de-
scription of the composition of humus. D. none of above
A. Clay 2229. A is a mass of ice that moves down-
B. Chemical fertilizer hill due to its weight.
C. Fine sand particles A. glacier
D. Decaying organic matter B. erratic
C. four
D. moraine
A. the pull of Earth’s gravity
B. the pull of the ocean’s gravity 2230. Water vapor rises into the air and cools
down, forming clouds through the process
C. the pull of the Moon’s gravity of:/ El vapor de agua se eleva en el aire
D. the pull of waves caused by storms y se enfría, formando nubes mediante el
proceso de:
2225. Water that infiltrates the soil and is
stored in the spaces between sediment A. Evaporation
particles is referred to as B. Condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 259
C. Infiltration 2234. The numbers on the map (1-4) represent

large bodies of salt water on Earth. These
D. Evaporation
bodies of water surround the seven con-

2231. A bug stuck in amber is an example of tinents. What are these bodies of water
what type of fossil? called?
A. lakes
B. oceans
C. ponds
D. rivers
2235. When oil, antifreeze, pesticides, and
other harmful chemicals are poured on the
ground, they are harmful because they
the groundwater.
A. freeze
B. help
A. cast C. pollute
B. permineralized replaced remains D. clean
C. trace 2236. Which horizon is made up of partially

weathered rocks?
D. preserved original remains
2232. Which biome is the driest?
A. Desert
B. Tundra
A. Horizon A
C. Taiga
B. Horizon B
D. Rainforest
C. Horizon C
2233. At what stage do we gain energy and D. Horizon D or R
at what stage do we lose energy?
2237. Which is the MOST dense?
A. Gain:Evaporation Lose:Precipitation
A. hot water
B. Gain:Precipitation Lose:Condensation B. warm water
C. Gain:Condensation Lose:Precipitation C. cold water
D. Gain:Evaporation Lose:Condensation D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 260
2238. The amount of dissolved solids present 2242. Which is the LEAST dense?
in the water
A. fresh water
B. slightly salty water
C. very salty water
D. none of above
2243. A cup of ice sits in the sun. The ice melts.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
What change of state will occur NEXT?
A. from solid to solid
A. salinity
B. from liquid to solid
B. chlorine
C. from liquid to gas
C. nitrogen
D. from gas to liquid
D. density
2239. What two factors determine the density 2244. Which part of the ocean would have the
of ocean water? lowest salinity?
A. temperature and salinity A. In areas near melting glaciers

B. temperature and humidity B. In areas where there is little rainfall
C. pressure and salinity C. In areas near the equator
D. altitude and pressure D. In areas with the highest tempera-
tures
2240. The water cycle describes the movement
of water on Earth. About 97% of the wa- 2245. Which statement best describes why
ter on Earth is saltwater found in oceans. warm ocean currents are usually surface
The remaining 3% is fresh water. Where currents?
would the majority of the fresh water on
A. warm water is less dense than cold wa-
Earth be found?
ter
A. Groundwater and Aquifers
B. ocean tides bring warm water to the
B. Swamps and Wetlands surface
C. Ice Caps and Glaciers C. warm water contains more salt than
D. Lakes and Rivers cold water
2241. The storage term includes soil mois- D. ocean water loses heat to the air at the
ture, deep groundwater, water in lakes, surface
glaciers, seasonal snow cover. The runoff
flux is the movement of liquid water 2246. Most of the groundwater in the United
above and below the surface of the earth. States is used for
A. True A. Livestock
B. False B. Irrigation/Agriculture
C. Cannot be determined C. Personal Use
D. none of above D. Public Supply

1.1 HYDROLOGY 261
2247. Which of the following is the least used C. Tar-Pamlico

to study the deepest parts of the ocean D. I’m going to use it
floor?

A. sonar 2252. Refer to the diagram above. High and
B. submersibles vals. Which of the following letters indi-
C. scuba divers cates where high tide is occurring and best
D. none of above explains why? (DOK 2)
2248. Which term describes the filtering

of rainwater through soil?A. AquiferB.
AquitardC. Percolate
A. aquifer
B. percolate
C. seep A. Letters B and D indicate high tides,
D. none of above cause of the Coriolis Effect
2249. A wide, sloping deposit of sediment B. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
formed where a stream leaves a mountain where the tidal bulges would occur be-
range. cause of the strong winds blowing across
the oceans.
C. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
D. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
A. flood plain cause of the differences in density and
salinity of the ocean water
B. delta
C. alluvial fan 2253. A characteristic of materials, such as
clay and granite, through which water
D. gully does not easily pass.
2250. Which type of current carries cold,
DENSE water from the poles toward the
equator?
A. deep ocean currents
B. surface currents
2251. Which of the following River Basins is A. Intertidal Zone

NOT located entirely in NC? B. Permeable
A. Cape Fear C. Impermeable
B. Noses D. Benthos

1.1 HYDROLOGY 262
2254. Can be traced back to the point of origin. 2258. Which number represents the Arctic
A. Point Source Pollution Ocean?
B. Non-point source pollution
2255. Which type of climate has the greatest
amount of rock weathering caused by frost
action?
A. a wet climate in which temperatures
NARAYAN CHANGDER
remain below freezing
A. 7
B. a wet climate in which temperatures
alternate from below freezing to above B. 2
freezing C. 4
C. a dry climate in which temperatures
D. 9
remain below freezing
D. a dry climate in which temperatures 2259. Where do deltas form?
alternate from below freezing to above
freezing A. Desert Areas
2256. Which tides are known as weak tides? B. At river mouths

C. On the Banks of Rivers
D. In Valleys Formed by Glaciers
2260. Lab partners are designing an experi-

ment that shows the important steps of
the water cycle. For their experimental
design, which of the following procedures
could best be used to demonstrate the dif-
A. Spring ference between condensation and evapo-
B. Neap ration?
A. To show condensation-increase the
2257. Why does the moon have a greater ef-
temperature within the cycle; to show
fect on tides than the sun?
evaporation-decrease the temperature
B. To show condensation-decrease the
temperature within the cycle; to show
evaporation-increase the temperature
C. To show condensation-maintain a con-
stant temperature within the cycle; to
show evaporation-increase the tempera-
ture
A. the moon is smaller
B. the moon is closer to Earth D. To show condensation-maintain a con-
stant temperature within the cycle; to
C. the sun is made up of gases show evaporation-decrease the tempera-
D. the moon’s craters attract water ture

1.1 HYDROLOGY 263
2261. Use the diagram to answer the ques- A. condensation

tion.The trout is a source of food for the hu- B. evaporation
man and the eagle. When there are more

than one organism vying for the same C. precipitation
source we call this ? D. run off
2265. According to the image, what happens

to the temperature in the troposphere as
you increase in altitude?
A. Population
B. Resources
C. Community
D. Competition

choices does this scenerio describe? When
you boil water in a pot, steam rises from
it. A. The temperature decreases (it gets
colder)
A. condensation
B. The temperature increases (it gets
B. evaporation
warmer)
C. transpiration C. The temperature is constant (it
D. precipitation doesn’t change)
2263. When water vapor changes to liquid wa- D. none of above

ter 2266. Where does the Gulf Stream begin?
A. evaporation A. The Caribbean near Florida
B. condensation B. The North Atlantic
C. humidity C. California
D. precipitation D. Mexico
2264. Which stages does liquid water from the 2267. Why does ice float?
ocean turn into water vapor?
A. As water freezes, it expands and its
density decreases.
B. As water freezes, it takes up more hy-
drogen from the atmosphere, causing it to
have a greater buoyancy.
C. As water freezes, air becomes trapped
between the hydrogen bonds of water
molecules.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 264
D. As water freezes, it takes up more oxy- 2272. Select the answer that has the ocean
gen from the atmosphere, causing it to zones in the correct order starting with the
have a greater buoyancy. zone closest to the surface.
2268. Which is one way the poor use of fertil- A. Sunlight, Trenches, Abyss, Dark, Twi-
izers in agriculture can affect the environ- light
ment? B. Sunlight, Twilight, Dark, Abyss,
A. It can increase the ability of many Trenches
NARAYAN CHANGDER
species to find suitable habitats C. Sunlight, Trenches, Dark, Abyss, Twi-
B. It can cause pollution of water in lakes light
and rivers
D. none of above
C. It can increase the amount of green-
house gases 2273. Why are ocean currents important to
D. It can reduce the amount of sediment coastal regions?
in local waterways A. They produce high and low tides along
coastal regions.
2269. Any form of water that falls from clouds
and reaches Earth’s surface. B. They can warm or cool the air temper-
A. transpiration atures along coastal regions.
B. evaporation C. They move vertically pushing warm

water and nutrients to the surface along
C. precipitation
coastal regions.
D. accumulation
D. They increase the rate of precipitation
2270. When water condenses, the liquid wa- as cold water moves along coastal re-
ter forms gions.
A. water vapor
2274. What type of tides have a small vertical
B. steam range and occur when the Sun and Moon
C. air are positioned at a right angle in relation
to Earth?
D. clouds
A. neap tide
2271. What type of tide will occur at 9:30
a.m.? B. summer tide
C. spring tide
D. diurnal tide
2275. Long distance current that moves warm

water north.
A. low A. Atlantic current
B. high B. West wind drift

C. none C. Gulf Stream
D. high and low tags112.20.b.7.C D. Southern equatorial current

1.1 HYDROLOGY 265
2276. Which of the following is NOT one of the 2281. Label the groundwater region that is
three types of soil? highlighted in yellow.

A. clay A. Zone of Saturation
B. sand B. Zone of Aeration
C. silt C. Water Table
D. mud D. Percolation
2277. During the day, the warm air rises over 2282. What are underwater mountain ranges
land, and the cooler air over water sinks called?
and moves towards the land. What type
of breeze is this?
B. mid-ocean ridges
A. Land Breeze
C. abyssal plains
B. Sea Breeze
D. continental slopes
2278. Which is a synonym for first order
streams? 2283. The state of the atmosphere in terms of
temperature, wind, clouds, and precipita-
A. tributaries tion
B. meanders A. water cycle
C. divide B. atmospheric conditions
D. floodplain C. reservoir
2279. Water vapor changing into water D. saturated zone
droplets is called
2284. About 70% of our planet is covered by
A. evaporation oceans. Compared to the depth of the solid
B. condensation portion of Earth, the water on Earth forms
a
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
2280. What percentage of earth’s water is

SALT WATER?
A. 3%
B. 75%
C. 97%
D. 25%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 266
A. Much thinner layer

B. much thicker layer.
C. layer about twice as deep.
D. layer with a similar depth.
2285. is the amount of time necessary for

one-half of the nuclei in a sample to decay
NARAYAN CHANGDER
to its stable isotope
A. sourness
B. salty
C. slimeys
D. sweetness
2289. How many low tides and high tides hap-

pen in a day?
A. 1 low tide, 1 high tide
B. 4 low tides, 4 high tides
A. half-life C. 3 low tides, 3 high tides
B. radiocarbon dating D. 2 low tides, 2 high tides
C. radiometric dating 2290. What is the thalweg?
D. radioactivity A. the inside bend
B. the line of fastest flow in a river
2286. What percent of the world’s water is
freshwater? C. the fastest flow
A. 70 % D. deepest part of the meander
B. 3% 2291. Which of the following is the largest

zone in the ocean?
C. 10%
A. intertidal zone
D. none of above B. neritic zone
2287. “Liquid to gas” C. oceanic zone

D. benthic zone
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation 2292. How could a long-term decrease in pre-
cipitation impact an area?
C. Precipitation A. It could increase the average water
D. Runoff level of lakes
B. It could increase the amount of flood-
2288. What is saline? ing

1.1 HYDROLOGY 267
C. It could decrease the amount of infil- C. Well sorted because the water flows
tration easily
D. Well sorted because the water doesn’t

D. It could decrease the amount of dam-
age to crops flow easily
2293. How are deep currents created? 2298. The lowest elevation to which stream
erosion could lower the land.
A. Density differences
A. Local base level
B. Wind
B. Ultimate base level
C. From runoff and rain
2299. occurs when water seeps into
D. Continental deflections Earth’s land surface. The water fills pock-
ets of air in the soil and rock.
2294. Which of the following containers of wa-
ter is more dense A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. infiltration
A. D. water cycle
2300. Materials, such as sand with large pore
space have high
A. Permeability
B. B. Turbidity
C. Zone of Saturation
D. none of above
2295. Excessive amounts of water that 2301. When water flows below ground after
“move” over the Earth’s surface and does infiltration it is called
not soak into the ground is:
A. Percolation
A. water vapor B. Runoff
B. ground water C. Advection
C. runoff D. An aquifer
D. lakes and rivers 2302. Which zones does sun reach?
2296. The water cycle has an end. A. Euphotic
A. True B. twilight
B. False C. Abyssal
D. Both twilight and euphotic
2297. What type of sediment makes a better
aquifer and why? 2303. What does conserving water help do?
A. Save the dinosaurs
A. Poorly sorted because the water flows
easily B. Nothing
B. Poorly sorted because the water C. Save water
doesn’t flow easily D. save the panda’s

1.1 HYDROLOGY 268
2304. The process in which water vapor in the 2308. The graphic shows that 97% of Earth’s
air turns into liquid water water is contained in a single reservoir.
The remaining 3% is made up of many
A. evaporation
other reservoirs. What reservoir contains
B. condensation 97% of Earth’s water?
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Monday A. a freshwater lake

B. Tuesday B. a glacier
C. Wednesday C. groundwater
D. Thursday D. the ocean
2306. Which one of the following answer 2309. Approximately what percent of Earth’s
choices does this scenerio describe? After surface is covered with water?
a thunderstorm, all the puddles disappear. A. 3
A. evaporation B. 50
B. condensation C. 71
C. precipitation D. 97
D. transpiration 2310. Which type of stream flow is exempli-
fied in the picture?
2307. Which phase of the moon is represented
in this diagram?
A. Laminar
A. new moon
B. Turbulent
B. first quarter
2311. It is any product of the condensation of
C. full moon
atmospheric water vapor that falls under
D. last quarter/third quarter gravitational pull from clouds

1.1 HYDROLOGY 269
A. Hydrology 2316. What is water vapor doing when it

B. Condensation changes to water?

C. Rainfall
D. Precipitation
2312. Which process adds more crust to the
ocean floor?
A. earthquakes
B. sea floor spreading
C. subduction
A. evaporating
D. convection
B. condensing
2313. What will most likely happen if a warm C. precipitating
ocean current travel north or south from
D. runoff
the Equator?
A. The current will become warmer, caus- 2317. The sticking together of particles of dif-
ing it to become less dense and rise ferent substances is
B. The current will become cooler, caus- A. Cohesion
ing it to become less dense and rise B. Adhesion
C. The current will become cooler, caus-
2318. After a long, rainy day, the sky clears
ing it to become more dense and sink
up and the temperature begins to rise. In
D. The current will become warmer, caus- the parking lot, you notice that it is hot
ing it to become less dense and sink outside and the parking lot is beginning to
2314. Which ocean will the NC river basins dry. The air is very humid (full of water
eventually flow into? vapor). Which process is occurring?
A. Pacific A. condensation
B. Indian B. precipitation
C. Atlantic C. transpiration
D. Arctic D. evaporation
2315. What is the order of the features of the 2319. Which of these is a method for conserv-
ocean floor starting with the one closest ing fresh water?
to the beach?
A. abyssal plain, continental slope, conti-
nental shelf
B. abyssal plain, continental shelf, conti-
nental slope
C. continental shelf, abyssal plain, conti-
nental slope
D. continental shelf, continental slope,
abyssal plain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 270
A. Taking long showers and baths C. deep ocean currents

B. Taking short showers and baths D. surface currents
C. Leaving the water running while brush- 2324. Which part of a water molecule has a
ing your teeth Positive Charge?
D. Washing your car with a running hose
2320. Which letter represents the continental

slope?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A A. The Hydrogen
B. B B. The Oxygen
C. E C. The Top
D. G D. The Bottom
2321. The type of water that can no longer be 2325. Which example is a form of precipita-
used for daily needs is called tion?
A. White water A. Dew
B. Grey water B. Fog
C. Yellow water C. Frost
D. Black water D. Hail
2322. If a lake has excess levels of phos- 2326. What is the cause of most ocean surface
phates and nitrates in its water, what will currents?
most likely result? A. gravity
A. The temperature of the lake water will B. the wind
decrease. C. the moon
B. The turbidity levels of the lake will de- D. upwelling
crease.
2327. The sun will cause water in the puddle
C. The dissolved-Oxygen levels in the to change from
lake will increase.
D. The growth of algae in the lake will in-
crease.
2323. What occurs twice a month during new

and full moon phases?
A. spring tides
B. neap tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 271
A. a gas to a liquid
B. a liquid to a gas

C. solid to a liquid
D. a liquid to a solid
2328. What is the sequence of the energy

transformations represented in this dia-
gram of a moving car?
A. before doing the lab
B. while doing the lab
C. after doing the lab
D. only if you think you really need it
2331. One way to slow beach erosion is to
build a wall of rocks or concrete, called a
, out from the beach.
A. barrier
A. mechanical to chemical to radiant B. dune
B. radiant to chemical to electrical C. groin

D. none of above
C. mechanical to electrical to radiant
D. radiant to electrical to mechanical 2332. The study and origin of the universe
A. Cosmology
2329. Why is the ice melting in picture Y, but
not picture X? B. astrology
C. astronomy
D. evolutionary biology
2333. Which of these is a freshwater reser-
voir?
A. Gulf of Mexico
A. The clouds are heating the water and B. Pacific Ocean
turning it into ice. C. Atlantic tidal basin
B. The clouds are heating the ice and turn- D. Antarctic polar ice
ing it into water.
2334. A class created the following diagram
C. The Sun’s energy is heating the ice and of the water cycle to show how the parts
turning it into water. of the water cycle work together as a
D. The Sun’s energy is heating the water whole. The students want to add informa-
and turning it into ice. tion about the type of precipitation that
falls. Which would be MOST useful in pre-
2330. Part of lab safety includes reading the dicting the type of precipitation that will
lab procedure fall?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 272
2338. What is a measure of how easily water

can flow through an aquifer?
A. Porosity
B. Permeability
C. Recharge
D. Discharge
A. Whether the precipitation occurs over
NARAYAN CHANGDER
land or ocean. 2339. What type of weathering is shown in
the image above?
B. The air pressure measurement in the
precipitation area.
C. The number of droplets in the clouds
in the precipitation area.How the tempera-
ture changes between the surface and the
clouds.
D. How the temperature changes be-
tween the surface and the clouds.
A. Chemical, dissolution
2335. The ozone is in the stratosphere layer of B. Mechanical, abrasion
the atmosphere. The purpose of the ozone C. Mechanical, exfoliation
is
D. Chemical, oxidation
A. To generate heat for the earth
2340. Evaporation occurs when water changes
B. To protect earth from the harmful solar
into
radiation
A. transpiration
C. To produce weather
B. snow
D. To allow satellites to circle the earth
C. solid
2336. When rainwater soaks into the ground D. vapor
what does it become known as?
2341. What increases runoff?
A. water vapor
A. precipitation
B. transpiration
B. population
C. groundwater
C. drought
D. lakes
D. agriculture
2337. What is the chemical composition of 2342. The supply of freshwater under the
pure water? Earth’s surface.
A. Helium & Oxygen A. Mouth
B. Hydrogen & Oxygen B. Watershed
C. Oxygen & Hafnium C. Groundwater
D. Sodium & Chloride D. Headwater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 273
2343. Which ocean surrounds Antarctica? 2348. Where would you find the most pres-
sure?
A. Pacific

B. Southern
C. Arctic
D. Indian
A. A-continental slope
2344. The length of a wave is NOT affected B. G-trench
by:
C. B-seamount
A. Distance the wind blows across the D. C-abyssal plain
water
2349. When soluble particles are dissolved
B. Length and time the wind blows across
into the river it is called:
the water
A. Hydraulic Action
C. Strength of the wind (how hard it is
B. Abrasion
blowing).
C. Saltation
D. Salinity of the water.
D. Solution
2345. If you let your hair dry from the Sun af- 2350. Sustainability is making sure that the
ter going swimming, you are taking advan- planet and its resources can continue to
tage of provide life.
A. precipitation A. True
B. evaporation B. False
C. condensation 2351. Frank has an eraser. It has a mass of
D. transpiration 4 g, and a volume of 2 cm3. What is its
density?
2346. What is an effect of water pollution? A. 8 g/cm3
A. industrial pollution B. 2 g/cm3
B. disruption of food chains C. 1/2 g/cm3
D. 24 g/cm3
C. oil spills
D. acid rain 2352. Use the image to identify the San
Joaquin watershed.
2347. Which best describes the Gulf Stream?
A. a warm air mass that brings strong
thunderstorms
B. a body of cold water in the Atlantic
Ocean
C. a warm ocean current that influences
weather along the east coast of the U.S.
D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 274
A. A 2356. The force of a column of air pressing

B. B down is called what?
A. Air Mass
C. C
B. Air Pressure
D. D
C. Air
E. E
D. Heavy
2353. is the type of soil used most often
NARAYAN CHANGDER
with plants. It is a mixture of clay, sand, 2357. What is the Coriolis effect?
and silt. A. Moves Waves back and forth from
coast to coast and uses wind to power it-
self
B. It helps the currents temperatures
and determines where it came from
C. Mostly caused by the rotation of the
earth
D. Boom
A. loam
2358. The end of the Mesozoic Era was most
B. humus likely caused by?
C. mud
D. dirt
2354. Which dissolved gases are most needed

by plants and animals living in the ocean?
A. oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen and oxygen A. A meteorite/asteroid
B. Too much oxygen
2355. Respond to the statement:The earth has
enough water to supply clean freshwater C. Lowering sea levels
to every organism on earth. D. An ice age
A. Yes, and humanity does not need to
2359. The third layer of the Atmosphere is
worry about clean available fresh water
from Earth is
due to the water cycle.
A. Stratosphere
B. Yes, but humanity should be concerned
about the rate of pollution and transport- B. mesosphere
ing water to ensure clean drinking water C. thermosphere
for local populations of people.
D. troposphere
C. No, we will eventually run out due to
human and natural events 2360. What is the energy we get from earth’s
interior heat?
D. No, Climate change will change the wa-
ter cycle enough that all the water will A. Geothermal
stay in the ocean B. Solar

1.1 HYDROLOGY 275
C. Hydroelectric 2365. current is caused by the movement

D. He hired the interior of the earth and by the force and direction
of the wind.

2361. What can cause flooding A. Surface
A. urbanization (building) on flood plains B. Through
B. artificial levees C. Barrier
C. low runoff D. Inlet
D. low water table
2366. What is letter F?
2362. The total amount of water on Earth has
A. Cont. Shelf
B. Cont. Slope
A. increased
C. Abyssal Plain
B. decreased
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. stayed the same
D. disappeared 2367. The SECOND largest body of salt water
on Earth.
2363. If a hydrologist is studying the rock lay-
ers that an aquifer flows through, what
impact on watersheds are they studying?
A. geology
B. human activities
C. natural events
D. climate change
A. Atlantic Ocean
2364. What step of the water cycle does this
B. Pacific Ocean
picture show?
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Indian Ocean
2368. Most of the fresh water used in the

United States is for farming and agricul-
ture. Much of that water is wasted by
evaporation, leaking pipes, and runoff.
One plan for limiting this waste is to cap-
ture the runoff from the fields and use it
for drinking water. Which of the following
statements best explains why this is not
a good idea?
A. Condensation
A. This method won’t save enough water
B. Runoff for drinking
C. Precipitation B. The captured water could contain
D. Evaporation harmful chemicals from the fields

1.1 HYDROLOGY 276
C. Capturing the runoff will produce too

much water for the pipes to handle
D. It is too expensive to build systems to
capture the runoff

A. 1; 2
B. 1; 4
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 4; 1
D. 3; 2
2373. Which is the largest ocean?

A. precipitation
A. Pacific
B. runoff
B. Indian
C. condensation
C. Southern
D. transpiration
D. Atlantic
2370. The upper level of the saturated zone of
2374. A hot spring that erupts periodically,
groundwater is called the
shooting water and steam into the air
A. water zone
A. Geyser
B. watershed
B. Spring
C. water area
C. Ground water
D. water table
D. none of above
2371. Landscape that is shaped by the dissolv-
2375. What percent of water on Earth is Fresh-
ing power of groundwater.
water?
A. 3%
B. 4%
C. 2%
D. 97%
2376. What are three stages of the water cy-

A. Karst Topography cle?
B. Geology A. evaporation, condensation, precipita-
C. Floodplain tion
D. Wetland B. condensation, precipitation, hiberna-
tion
2372. (*2 parts) Based on the STREAM ORDER
picture:Number is going to have the C. precipitation, dehydration, evapora-
smallest volume of water while Number tion
is going to have the greatest volume D. transpiration, dehydration, condensa-
of water. tion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 277
2377. What technology is used to measure the 2382. Where does runoff end up?
depth of the ocean?
A. ponds

A. Sonar
B. streams
B. Radar
C. rivers
C. Depth Measuring System
D. all of the above
D. Floor Scope
2383. How are the surface currents INDI-
2378. The gently sloping area at the base of RECTLY caused by the sun’s energy?
the continental slope.
A. the sun heats up the water which
A. continental slope causes unequal heating
B. continental shelf B. the night cools down the water which
C. convection causes unequal heating
D. continental rise C. the sun cools down the water which

causes unequal heating
2379. It is the process by which water soaks D. the sun heats up the water which
into, or is absorbed by, the soil causes equal heating
A. Hydrology
2384. How does a river’s speed affect its ero-
B. Precipitation sive ability?
C. Infiltration A. Faster rivers carry less stream load
D. Percolation and are less erosive.
B. Faster rivers erode the river channel
2380. The percentage of total quantity of more quickly than slower rivers.
fresh water available in the liquid form, .
C. Slower rivers carry more stream load
A. 30 and are more erosive.
B. 65 D. Slower rivers erode the river channel
C. 71 more quickly than faster rivers.
D. 80 2385. When we go to beach, we are allowed
to go on
2381. How is the density of the ocean water
affected by salinity?
A. The density is not affected by the salin-
ity
B. If salinity decreases there is no
change in density
C. if the salinity decreases the density
will increase
C. abyssal plain
D. if the salinity increases the density will
increase D. sea mount

1.1 HYDROLOGY 278
2386. What letter represents precipitation 2390. Which type of ocean movement is a
repeated up and down motion, generally
caused by wind?
A. Current
B. Wave
C. Tide
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2391. Only about of the total weight and
A. F
volume of an iceberg can be seen above
B. A the surface of the ocean.
C. B A. One-half
D. C B. One-third
2387. As you go deeper in the ocean, which of C. One-fourth
the following does not decrease? D. One-eighth
A. temperature
2392. A student was studying the ocean floor
B. light topography and began to question how
C. the number of algae pressure and temperature would differ
at each feature.What conclusions can she
D. pressure
draw about ocean floor features F and G?
2388. What is a possible consequence of the
destruction of a marsh?
A. decreased flooding
B. decreased filtering of water
C. increased types of plant life A. Feature F is an ocean trench while Fea-
D. increased habitat for organisms ture G is a continental shelf, which has
more pressure than the ocean trench be-
2389. The area of the ocean that extends from cause there are more water molecules
the low-tide line out to the edge of the con- above it and a lower temperature because
tinental shelf. the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters
to warm it.
B. Feature F is a continental shelf while
Feature G is a deep ocean trench, which
has more pressure than the continen-
tal shelf because there are more water
molecules above it and a lower tempera-
ture because the sun cannot penetrate its
A. Neritic Zone deep waters to warm it.
B. Intertidal Zone C. Feature F is an abyssal plain, while

Feature G is a mid-ocean ridge, which has
C. Oceanic Zone more pressure than the ocean trench be-
D. none of above cause there are more water molecules

1.1 HYDROLOGY 279
above it and a lower temperature because C. the air

the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters
D. oceans
to warm it.

D. Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, while 2398. The main source that cause water cycle
Feature G is an abyssal plain, which has exist, except
more pressure than the continental shelf
because there are more water molecules A. Heat
above it and a lower temperature because B. Sun
the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters
to warm it. C. Solar energy
D. Water
2393. Some of the water that precipitates
does not runoff into the rivers and is ab-
2399. underwater mountain formed by vol-
sorbed by the plants or gets evaporated.
canic activity
It moves deep into the soil. What is this
process called? A. rift
A. Sublimation B. continental slope
B. Transpiration C. trench
C. Runoff
D. seamount
D. Infiltration
2400. How would the climate of a coastal city
2394. What type of currents come from the
compare to that of an inland city?
EQUATOR?
A. warm A. The coastal city would have more sta-
ble temperatures due to more water va-
B. cold por in the atmosphere
2395. and move in curved paths due B. The inland city would have more stable
to the Coriolis Effect. temperatures due to more water vapor in
A. Winds and Currents the atmosphere
B. salt and temperature C. The coastal city would have more sta-
ble temperatures due to less water vapor
2396. Why are tides continually rising and in the atmosphere
lowering every day?
D. The inland city would have more stable
A. the moon is constantly changing posi- temperatures due to less water vapor in
tion the atmosphere
B. the air temperature keeps changing
C. sea breezes cool the land 2401. What happens when polar ice caps
melt?
D. the winds blow the ocean towards land
A. tectonic plates move
2397. Most of the fresh water on Earth is lo-
cated in B. sea levels rise
A. ice C. sea levels fall

B. rivers D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 280
2402. One of the reasons that waves and cur- 2406. Stormy weather=
rents are different is A. high pressure
A. the water in waves is actually travel- B. low pressure
ing and in currents the water stays in the
same place 2407. What type of weather can you expect
B. surface currents are caused by wind from a warm front?
and waves are not A. Cloudy with light rain and possible fog.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. water in waves remains in the same B. Clear weather and sunny skies.
place and in currents the water is actually C. Rainy weather that lasts for days.
traveling.
D. Thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail and
D. waves are caused by wind and cur- possibility of tornadoes.
rents are caused by the moon’s gravity
2408. Which numbers respresent where high
2403. Which of these is an example of precip- tides are occurring?
itation?
A. snow
B. air
C. clouds
D. vapor
A. 2 and 3
2404. Approximately, what percent of Earth’s B. 3 and 4
water is saline (salty) and located in
C. 2 and 4
oceans/seas?
D. 1 and 4

river system is called a
A. 79%
B. 98%
C. 3%
D. 97% A. water table
2405. Which of these is an example of precip- B. trailer

itation? C. house
A. air D. watershed
B. snow 2410. There are different kinds of water
C. clouds on Earth.
D. vapor A. 2

1.1 HYDROLOGY 281
B. 5
C. 3

D. 7
2411. Any substance below 7 on the pH scale A. The difference between high and low
tides is greatest during a new or full
A. acid
moon.
B. base
B. The high and low tides are always ex-
C. salinity actly the same during first and third quar-
D. turbid ter moons.
C. The highest high and lowest low tides
2412. Name the feature for F
usually happen a few days after we see a
full moon.
D. High tides get gradually higher and low
tides get gradually lower throughout the
lunar cycle.
A. continental slope 2416. As a part of the water cycle, water from

B. continental shelf Earth’s surface enters the clouds and fi-
nally falls back to the ground in the form
C. abyssal plain of rain. What is the correct sequence of
D. trench processes water undergoes?
A. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
2413. What would you find in a body of water
tion
with high dissolved oxygen?
A. high turbidity B. Precipitation, Condensation, Evapora-
tion
B. trout
C. Condensation, Evaporation, Precipita-
C. chemical factory runoff tion
D. high nitrates D. Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensa-
tion
2414. Deep currents are caused mostly by
while surface currents are caused mostly
2417. Which is the correct order of increasing
by (DOK 2)
size?
A. Surface winds, differences in density
A. Sand, silt, clay, boulders, cobbles, peb-
B. Differences in density, surface winds bles
C. Coriolis effect, moon’s gravity B. pebbles, boulders where is Hjul-
D. Moon’s gravity, Coriolis effect strom from anyway?
C. Clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, Boul-
2415. The data table above contains informa-
ders
tion about high and low tides for a particu-
lar location. The data in this table best sup- D. Boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt,
ports which of the following conclusions? clay

1.1 HYDROLOGY 282
2418. What percent of water on Earth is fresh- B. Weight

water? C. Volume
A. 50-30% D. Length
B. 30-20%
2423. underground seepage
C. 5-20%
A. Infiltration
D. 0-5%
B. Runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2419. Sewage, fertilizer runoff, phosphate C. Watershed
runoff, nitrogen oxides, and runoff can all
cause in water bodies. D. Moisture
A. Decreased algae blooms 2424. After rain fall to the earth in a warm
B. Eutrophication climate, what processes that may happen
next? Tick all that apply.
C. Increased water quality
A. Water may enter the ground via infil-
D. Decreased pollution tration and become ground water.
2420. Look at the image and select the term B. water may become runoff and flow
that best fits label 1 over ground towards a river or other wa-
ter storage.
C. it may sublimate back into the atmo-
sphere
D. it may evaporate back into the atmo-
sphere
2425. Land that drops down steeply at the

edge of a continental shelf is called:
A. transpiration A. Volcanic Island
B. accumulation B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. condensation C. Abyssal Plain
D. precipitation D. Continental Slope
2421. Where do the salts in the sea come 2426. What kind of heat is happening when
from? the sun heats your body?
A. animals that live in the sea A. conduction
B. acid rain B. convection
C. plants C. density
D. weathering and erosion of rocks D. radiation
2422. A student knows the mass of an object. 2427. Why is freshwater in short supply on
What other variable does the student need Earth?
to know to calculate the object’s density? A. Most of it is frozen.
A. Color B. Most of it is polluted.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 283
C. Most of it is in the atmosphere. B. salt

D. Most of it is trapped underground. C. runoff

2428. A process where plants release water D. turbidity
into the air Explanation:Algae are a type of plant that
A. Condensation can grow in fish tanks. When there is too
much algae in a tank, it can cause the oxy-
B. Transpiration
gen levels to decrease. This is because
2429. An increase in precipitation (process 2) the algae consume oxygen from the water,
will cause an increase in leaving less oxygen for the fish.
2433. The amount of water on Earth is

A. always the same
B. constantly changing
C. steadily increasing
A. transpiration (1) D. steadily decreasing
B. infiltration (arrows pointing into
ground) 2434. As you go deeper in the ocean, the wa-
ter is colder and less salty.
C. condensation (6)
D. runoff (5)
2430. A cool current in the Pacific Ocean near

North America that brings cold water
down from Canada.
C. Gulf Stream
D. Surface Current A. True
2431. Which of the following statements is B. False
true?
A. Deposition is the greatest where veloc- 2435. An aquifer is a(n)
ity is the greatest A. type of soil that lets water pass
B. Deposition is the greatest where veloc- through
ity is the least
B. area of land that drains into the same
C. velocity has no effect on deposition river
D. none of above
C. a smaller area of land that drains into
2432. If there is too much algae in a fish tank, a creek or stream
then levels will decrease. D. underground layer of rock or sediment
A. oxygen that holds water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 284
2436. What happens to the water cycle when 2441. In the future, the risk of flooding may
you add more heat to Earth near ice caps? increase due to
A. There would be less condensation pro- A. Urbanization of
duced.
B. Change in climate
B. The sand would soak up more of the
water. C. growthpopulation
C. The ice would melt slower, producing D. of theAll
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fewer drops of water.
2442. What is the largest watershed in the
D. The ice would melt and water would United States?
evaporate faster.
A. Oconee
2437. Which do humans most often use as a B. Chattahoochee
source of drinking water?
C. Mississippi
A. Oceans
D. none of above
B. Rivers
C. Estuaries 2443. What process is occurring at #3?
D. Ponds A. Infiltration
2438. When water vapor is cooled and forms B. Groundwater
droplets. C. Precipitation
A. condensation
D. Surface Runoff
B. evaporation
C. transpiration 2444. Carbon-14 dating can be used to date
dinosaur bones:
D. none of above
2439. A solid form of precipitation composed

of ice crystals in complex hexagonal form
A. condensation
B. hail
C. rain
D. snow A. True
2440. Which best describes the soil that will B. False

form an aquifer?
2445. is the measurement of amount of
A. Permeable soil should be on top of the moisture in the air.
Impermeable soil
A. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
B. Impermeable soil should be on top of
Permeable soil B. HUMIDITY
C. All the soil should be Permeable C. VAPORIZATION
D. All the soil should be Impermeable D. VAPOR PRESSURE

1.1 HYDROLOGY 285
2446. What is a molecule? 2450. What causes waves AND surface cur-
A. Two or more atoms bonded together rents?

B. One element A. the wind
C. One atom B. the rain
D. Solid, Liquid, Gas C. the tides
D. the moon
2447. If a well is over-pumped what could
happen? 2451. Average annual rainfall ranging to
dessert to hilly regions would be
A. 500 cm
B. 845 cm
C. 1100 cm
D. 2500 cm
A. there will be more groundwater 2452. What does groundwater do?
B. less groundwater + aquifers will dry
out
C. the water table does not change
D. none of above
2448. What is the primary tool that we will
use to find out ‘what is IN the water’?
A. It sends water to our buildings,

houses, and water transplant places
B. to the sky
C. to the sun
D. To the Earth’s surfaces
2453. Which stage in the water cycle is the im-

age representing?
A. HACH Spectrophotometer
B. Digital thermometer
C. HACH reagent ampules
D. Meter sticks and tape measures
2449. The lowest point in a wave is the
A. crest
B. wavelength
C. trough
D. wave height

1.1 HYDROLOGY 286
A. Condensation of the world. What is the main cause of

B. Precipitation these currents?
C. Evaporation A. differences in the topography along

the ocean floor
D. Transpiration
B. differences in density of ocean water
2454. surface currents are powered by C. the rotation of Earth on its axis
A. water D. movement of the jet stream
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. salt
2459. What is an effect of currents?
C. sea animals
A. Currents carry water of different tem-
D. wind
peratures which affects the climate of an
2455. 97% of earths water is located in area
A. streams B. Currents erode beaches
B. oceans C. Currents wash seashells and other ob-
jects onto the shore
C. glaciers
D. Currents cause wind
D. ground
2460. Based on the map, which statement is
2456. Is a scientific and technical subject
the best conclusion?
concerned with the occurrence, distribu-
tion, movement, and characteristics of the
earth’s waters
A. HYDRAULICS
B. HYDROLOGY
C. WATER CYCLE
D. WATER A. The majority of Earth’s surface is cov-
ered in land
2457. What happens to the density, temper-
ature, and pressure as ocean depth in- B. The majority of the Earth’s surface is
creases? covered by mountain ranges.
A. a. the temperature increases, while C. The majority of the Earth’s surface is
the pressure and density decrease. covered by volcanoes.
B. the density decreases while the tem- D. The majority of the Earth’s surface is
perature and pressure increase covered by water.
C. c. the temperature decreases, while
2461. Where does salt in the ocean come
the density and pressure increase.
from?
D. d. ocean depth has no effect on den-
A. dissolved rocks and minerals
sity, temperature, and pressure
B. Ingles
2458. Subsurface ocean currents continually
circulate from the warm waters near the C. The bottom of the ocean
equator to the colder waters in other parts D. The ocean s fresh water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 287
2462. Cold currents generally come from 2466. what percentage of earth’s water is
A. the poles fresh water?

B. the equator A. 75%
C. the ocean deep B. 3%
D. . C. 1%
D. 97%
2463. Where is most of the Earth’s fresh wa-
ter located? 2467. What happens to air pressure as you
move upward into the atmosphere?
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. none of above
2468. Silt and Sand are picked up at velocities
of 20cm/sec?
A. frozen ice caps glaciers
B. rivers streams
C. groundwater
D. lakes
2464. When plants release water into the air
it is called
A. True
A. Evaporation
B. False
B. Transpiration
2469. currents create warm climates in
C. Condensation
coastal areas that would otherwise be
D. Precipitation much cooler.
2465. What is a Tsunami? A. warm-water surface
B. warm-water deep
C. cold-water surface
D. cold-water deep
2470. The shoreline structure illustrated in this
aerial photo is created to either keep an
inlet open or slow erosion on the beach.
What is the name of the structure?
A. A current of water caused by the moon
B. A huge wave caused by wind
C. A series of waves caused by an earth-
quake
D. A current caused by heat

1.1 HYDROLOGY 288
A. seawall 2475. What is the energy source for the water

B. breakwater cycle?
C. groin A. running water
D. jetty B. the sun

C. Eath’s internal heat
2471. What is a wall along the banks of a river
or other body of water that serves to keep D. gravity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
water behind it?
2476. Groundwater flow is affected by the
of soil.
A. porosity
B. type
C. location
D. aeration
A. flood 2477. The down slope movement of water
B. floodway through soil
C. levee A. Throughflow
D. reservoir B. Percolation
2472. What is the most abundant salt in sea- C. Surface Runoff

water? D. Transpiration
A. calcium chloride
2478. Water moves in a watershed according
B. magnesium chloride to the of the land, especially on the
C. iron and nickel Earth’s surface.
D. sodium chloride A. topography
B. temperature
2473. What are the TWO causes of deep ocean
currents?0/0Correct4 C. density
A. Coriolis Effect & tides D. geology
B. Temperature & Salinity
2479. Wind is caused by ?
C. Density
A. the drop and rise in air pressure
D. Spring & Neap Tides
B. moving air from high pressure to an
2474. Which air mass means wet and warm? area of low pressure.
A. Continental tropical C. the increase of altitude
B. Continental polar D. Moving clouds
C. Maritime tropical 2480. One way to directlydecrease runoff is to
D. Maritime polar increase

1.1 HYDROLOGY 289
2484. Water is absorbed by the plant through

the roots, and transpiration takes place as
the water exits the

A. Leaves
B. Roots
A. precipitation C. Stem
B. infiltration D. none of above
C. condensation 2485. the process where a gas turns into aliq-
D. evaporation uid
A. Condensation
2481. Put Earth’s Water in order, LEAST TO
GREATEST B. Precipitation
C. Transpiration
D. Runoff
2486. What event is caused by the gravita-

tional pull of the moon?
A. Tides
B. Currents
C. Waves
A. LAKES, OCEAN, GROUNDWATER, ICE D. Deep Ocean Currents
B. Ocean, Ice, Groundwater, Lakes
2487. Water that collects in spaces and cracks
C. Ice Caps, Ocean, Groundwater, Lakes in rocks and soil underground.
D. Lakes, Groundwater, Ice Caps, and A. well
Oceans
B. aquifer
2482. example of social hydrological water cy- C. groundwater
cle
D. irrigation
A. collection and treatment of waste wa-
ter 2488. Why do rivers become wider down-
stream? (Select all that apply)
B. precipitation
A. There is more lateral erosion
C. groundwater
B. Tributaries feed the rivers more water
D. infiltration
C. There is more space for them to
2483. A type of water pollution that is caused spread out
by smoke and exhaust is
D. They carry more sediment
A. Sewage
2489. A horizontal movementof ocean water
B. Heat pollution that is caused by wind and that occurs at
C. Acid rain or near the ocean’s surface
D. Road runoff A. Tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 290
B. Longshore Current 2495. Why are coral reefs important to ani-

C. Surface Current mals in the ocean?
D. Deep Currents A. Animals like the colors of the reefs.
B. Animals eat the reefs.
2490. In the picture below, we see water va-
por evaporating from the surface of the C. Animals use them as homes.
lake. What will happen to the water va- D. none of above
por when the sun’s heat begins to warm
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the surface of the lake? 2496. A natural non-renewable fuel such as
natural gas formed over a very long time
is called
A. mineral
B. ore
C. fossil fuels
A. It will filter through the ground into D. greenhouse gases
groundwater.
2497. These moon phases would cause
B. It will rise until it cools and condenses.
C. It will become precipitation and fall
back into the lake.
D. Its density will increase and it will sink
to the bottom of the lake.
2491. Which is the most common contamina- A. no difference in high and low tides
tion source for freshwater resources? B. normal differences in high and low
A. runoff tides
B. digging wells C. big differences in high and low tides
2492. Variability of annual rainfall in India is D. small differences in high and low tides
A. least in regions of scanty rainfall 2498. Approximately what percent of Earth’s
B. largest in regions of high rainfall water is salt water?
C. least in regions of high rainfall A. 3
D. largest in coastal areas. B. 70
2493. water that flows over the surface of C. 79
land weathering rocks and soil and erod- D. 97
ing minerals
A. subsurface runoff 2499. All VA provinces have abundant fossils
EXCEPT
B. surface runoff
2494. Which type of currents curve due to the
rotation of the Earth?
A. surface currents
B. deep currents

1.1 HYDROLOGY 291
A. Coastal Plain B. Amount of wind

B. Appalachian Plateau C. Amount of water

C. Valley and Ridge D. Amount of duration of rain
D. Blue Ridge
2505. What would cause the water table to
2500. The top of a wave is its lower?
A. trough
B. crest
C. wave height
D. wave length
2501. If you wanted a sample of an ancient

atmosphere, where should you look?
A. in a glacier A. High rates of evaporation and transpi-
ration
B. under the sea
B. increasing amounts of runoff
C. in a varve clay
C. Low rates of evaporation and transpi-
D. in a river’s delta
ration
2502. How much of the water on earth is D. A heavy rainstorm with lots of precipi-
freshwater? tation
A. 97.2%
2506. The portion of the soil which is filled
B. 2.8% with water
C. 0% A. Zone of Saturation
D. 100% B. Zone of Aeration
2503. The most shallow area, closest to the C. Water table
beach (the shore)-(labeled “B”). D. Water Cycle
2507. If an atom loses two electrons what

charge will it have?
A. -2
B. -1
C. +1
D. +2
C. Continental Rise
2508. The study of water
D. Shoreline
A. Hydrology
2504. The relation between the area of rain-
storm and its average intensity is used in B. Hydraulics
assessing C. Oceans
A. Amount of rain D. Water Cycle

1.1 HYDROLOGY 292
2509. Which can cause the salinity of a town 2513. What two processes have you learned
well to increase? could cause rocks to fall from the side of a
A. increases in global temperature mountain and form a pile below?
B. decreases in use of irrigation A. Weathering and Heat
C. glacial melting B. Weathering and Cold weather

C. Weathering and Erosion
D. saltwater intrusion
D. Weathering and minerals
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2510. Able to allow water to pass through
2514. What is water flowing downslope along
Earth’s surface?
A. Runoff
B. Watershed
C. Divide
D. Suspension
A. Permeability
2515. Horizontal movement of air that moves
B. Runoff from high air pressure to low air pressure
C. Pores A. air pressure
D. Permeable B. wind
2511. Which one is not produce do to the C. temperature
photo? D. forecast
2516. Which letter(s) represent the trough of

the wave?
A. surface runoff A. A
B. infiltration B. B D
C. groundwater C. D
D. condensation D. C G
2512. Water that lies on the surface of the 2517. What is the elevation at point F?
Earth like streams, river, and lakes are
considered what?
A. Surface Water
B. Groundwater
C. Aquifer
D. Flood

1.1 HYDROLOGY 293
A. 320 B. the rising of cold nutrient rich water

B. 220 from the deep

C. differences in salinity
C. 240
D. deep currents in the ocean
D. 360
2522. Which of the following are methods to
2518. What percent of Earth’s water is the
conserve water?
oceans?
A. Turning off the faucet.
B. Allowing the shower time to heat up
before entering.
C. Water rationing.
D. Keeping the faucet on while brushing
your teeth.
E. Watering plants at night or early morn-
ing.
A. 70% 2523. How does heat move through the

world’s oceans?
B. 85%
A. Cold water circulates at the top warm
C. 90% at the bottom
D. 97% B. Warm water circulates at the top and
cold circulates at the bottom.
2519. What do hurricanes, tornadoes, and
thunderstorms have in common? 2524. The water droplets forming on the out-
A. the differences in the air pressure side of the glass in the diagram below can
be compared to which part of the water
B. an effect where it causes the Earth to cycle?
have a curved path of wind because of
Earth’s rotation
C. They are all caused by low pressure
D. The tides and the lunar phases
2520. The process of adding water to an

aquifer (precipitation, infiltration, percola-
tion) is called
A. Collection
A. Refill
B. Condensation
B. Empty
C. Evaporation
C. Recharge
D. Infiltration
D. Discharge
2525. Which statement correctly describes the
2521. What is the Coriolis effect? properties of cold air?
A. the movement of objects in a fluid are A. less dense and less pressure than
deflected by earth’s rotation warm air

1.1 HYDROLOGY 294
B. more dense and more pressure than C. C

warm air D. D
C. more dense and less pressure than
2530. Porosity is defined as
warm air
A. The process of water soaking into a
D. less dense and more pressure than
soil sample
warm air
B. The ability of a soil sample to permit
2526. The ridge of land that separates water- water to flow through it
NARAYAN CHANGDER
sheds. C. The percentage of empty space in a
A. Groundwater soil sample
B. divide D. What happens to water that cannot
soak through a soil sample
C. Salt
D. mineral deposit 2531. The Earth’s atmosphere is
A. 78% carbon dioxide and 21% methane
non-point pollution? B. 78% hydrogen and 21% water vapor
A. Lawn fertilizer C. 78% oxygen and 21% nitrogen

D. 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen
B. Oil spills
C. Sludge dumping 2532. What effect does the sun have on sur-
face water?
D. Trash dumping
A. It causes it to boil
2528. What is it called when gas (water va- B. It causes it to rain
por) turns into a liquid?
C. It causes it to sink
A. evaporation
D. It causes it to evaporate
B. transpiration
2533. What can happen to water that falls
C. condensation back to Earth as precipitation?
D. precipitation A. It can collect in the ocean.
2529. Which letter represents the positive B. It can be absorbed and become
end? groundwater.
C. It can runoff into streams and rivers.
D. All of these can happen to precipita-
tion.
2534. Which type of water accounts for 97%
of all water?
A. A
B. B

1.1 HYDROLOGY 295
A. Saltwater A. wind
B. Freshwater B. ice

C. Glaciers
C. glaciers
D. groundwater (aquifers)
D. moving water
2535. What is the water cycle?
A. the movement of water in the atmo- 2539. How is this beach structure beneficial in
sphere only protecting recreational beaches?
B. when the water moves only in liquid
form from runoff into a river and into the
ocean
C. the freezing and melting of water in a
lake each winter and summer
D. the continuous movement of water be-
tween the atmosphere, the land, and the A. It accelerates sediment loss
oceans
B. It creates sand dunes along the shore-
2536. An is an underwater plain on the line
deep ocean floor, usually found at depths
between 3000 and 6000 m C. It reduces sediment loss and controls
erosion
A. seamount
B. trench D. They reflect waves and reduce flood-
ing
C. mid-ocean ridge
D. abyssal plain 2540. At point 2 in the diagram, the cold, salty
2537. an attraction between molecules of the water begins to because it’s dense
same substance than the surrounding water.
A. Adhesion
B. Cohesion
C. Polarity
D. Universal solvent
E. Permeable
2538. What is the main cause of weathering

and erosion to make a canyons?
A. rise, more
B. rise; less
C. sink; more
D. sink; less

1.1 HYDROLOGY 296
2541. All the waters on Earth’s surface. 2545. In places such as Norway, parts of the
USA and New Zealand energy generation
for domestic and industrial consumption is
through hydro-electric schemes, harness-
ing the combination of water and gravity
in a sustainable manner. What device that
extracts thermal energy from pressurized
steam and uses it to do mechanical work
on a rotating output shaft?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Hydrosphere
A. Turbine
B. Polar Molecule
B. Generator
C. Adhesion
C. Electrolytic Cells
D. Surface Tension
D. Reactor
2542. The process of liquid water changing to
2546. What is the difference between global
water vapor is called
and local winds?
A. evaporation
A. Local winds happen in a small area and
B. condensation global winds blow over long distances.
C. precipitation B. Global winds only happen at the poles.
D. conservation C. Global winds only happen at the equa-
tor.
2543. Which two letters represent processes
in the water cycle that usually cause a D. Local winds can only blow in one direc-
lowering of the water table (water under- tion.
ground)?
2547. Which contains the greatest amount of
Earth’s freshwater?
A. groundwater
B. glaciers and ice
C. lakes and rivers
A. A and B D. oceans
B. B and D 2548. water in the form of a gas = water va-
C. A and C por
D. C and D A. True
B. False
2544. What do we call the small tides that hap-
pen when the sun and moon are at right 2549. The volume of water flowing through a
angles to each other? river channel
A. Neap Tide A. Water table
B. Spring Tide B. Through flow
C. Larger Change C. River discharge
D. Smaller Change D. Surface Runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 297
2550. What ocean floor feature is represented 2554. The climate in cities that are close to a
by letter D? large body of water tends to be:

A. Cooler in the summer and warmer in
the winter than inland cities
B. Cooler in the winter and warmer in the
summer than inland cities
A. continental shelf C. Cooler in the winter and the summer
B. continental slope than inland cities
C. ocean trench D. Warmer in the winter and the summer
D. abyssal plain than inland cities
2551. Potential or Kinetic energy?going down 2555. Water on land that seeps into the
the steepest drop of a rollercoaster ground.
A. Runoff
B. Infiltration
C. Groundwater
D. Channel
2556. When saltwater freezes or evaporates,

the salt is left behind.
A. True
B. False
2557. Which of the following is true about the

bottom of an ocean trench?
A. potential
B. kinetic A. The water at the bottom of a trench re-
ceives some light from the sun.
2552. When the air temperature decreases,
B. The water at the bottom of a trench
the rate of evaporation
has the lowest density levels.
A. decrease
C. The water at the bottom of a trench
B. increase has the highest salinity levels.
C. may increase or decrease
D. The water at the bottom of a trench
D. remains constant has the highest water temperature.
2553. When a hemisphere is pointed directly
2558. What is pollution?
towards the Sun, what season will it be?
A. Contamination
A. Fall
B. Winter B. Condensation
C. Spring C. Purification
D. Summer D. Filtration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 298
2559. Your body is about % water. B. rift

A. 50 C. abyssal plain
B. 80 D. island
C. 70 2566. What do we call the path of an ob-
D. 100 ject that revolves around another object in
space?
2560. What is another name for the water cy-
A. Gravitational pull
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cle?
B. Orbit
A. H2O cycle
C. Free fall
B. Water purification
D. Spinning
C. Hydrologic Cycle
D. Cycle of water 2567. nutrients in the water
A. pH
2561. The area that contains a river system is
called a what? B. nitrates and phosphates
A. Drain Bassoon C. dissolved oxygen
B. Drainage Basinet D. run-off
C. Drainage Basin 2568. Which characteristic of water quality

provides the most information regarding
D. Drain Basalt
the health of a water system?
2562. Coral reef is an animal A. clarity
A. false B. temperature
B. true C. concentration of heavy metals
2563. What is salinity? D. presence of indicator species
Explanation:An indicator species is also
A. the temperature of the deep ocean known as a bioindicator.Indicator species
B. the amount of water in the ocean are organisms that can tell us about the
C. the color of the water levels of pollution in an area by their pres-
ence or absence. An example of an indi-
D. the amount of salt in the water cator species may be a frog. Frogs are
very suspectable to death from chemicals.
2564. The ability of soil to release water is
If there are no frogs in a pond, the pond
called
may be polluted.
A. porosity
2569. Why is snowpack important to the wa-
B. permeability
ter cycle?
C. precipitation
A. Mr. Kramer can go Snowboarding
D. evaporation
B. Recharges water reserves
2565. A long, narrow, steep-sided valley that C. Precipitation needs to be over moun-
forms the deepest parts of the ocean. tains
A. trench D. Increases mountain stream velocity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 299
2570. Which will cause an increase in runoff

and infiltration in an area?

A. contouring farmland
B. a drought
C. digging wells
D. excessive rain
2571. A aredepressions formed as

stranded ice blocks melt in outwash.
B. Non-Point Pollution
Explanation:Water containing chemicals,
road salt, fertilizer, sewage, or other pol-
lutants may find its way into groundwater
A. erratics and aquifers in a region through infiltra-
tion.
B. eskers
D. none of above
C. kettles
D. drumlin 2574. Precipitation means
A. water vapor cooling to form clouds
best be answered by the data presented B. water running downhill
in the chart above? AKS 3d C. water falling from the sky
D. water heating up and rising as gas

A. gravity
B. wind
C. spring
D. neap
A. What are the types of sea water? 2576. Most of the water in the atmosphere is
the gas form of water called
B. How does sea water differ from fresh-
water? A. Ice
C. Which “other” elements make up B. Snow
fresh water? C. Sleet
D. Which two salt elements are the most D. Water Vapor
abundant (common) in seawater?
2577. What is water vapor?
2573. The most dangerous type of pollution
for us as humans. It is almost impossible A. gas
to remove the pollution once it occurs. B. solid

1.1 HYDROLOGY 300
C. liquid B. Barrier Islands

D. plasma C. Estuaries
2578. What can alter the density of ocean wa- D. Inlets

ter? 2583. Which of the following is a correct de-
A. Temperature and waves piction of a molecule of pure water?
B. Fish and Salinity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Waves and fish
A.
D. Temperature salinity
2579. water that falls back to earth as rain,

snow, sleet, or hail
A. precipitation B.
B. condensation
C. evaporation
D. transpiration C.
2580. In order for liquid water to be classified

as a raindrop, it must be at least what di-
ameter?
A. 1.0 millimeters D.
B. 0.5 millimeters
C. 5000 micrometers
2584. When surface currents meet continents
D. both a and c they ?
2581. What will most likely happen if a warm A. Stop moving
ocean current travels north or south from B. Are deflected (change paths)
the equator?
C. Continue in the direction they were go-
A. The current will become warmer, causing
ing it to become more dense and rise.
D. none of above
B. The current will become cooler, caus-
ing it to become less dense and rise. 2585. The measure of how easily water can
C. The current will become cooler, caus- flow through an aquifer.
ing it to become more dense and sink. A. porosity
D. The current will become warmer, caus- B. permeability
ing it to become less dense and sink. C. gradient
2582. The area where a river meets the ocean; D. divide
has a mixture of fresh and salt water;
forms a transition zone between river and 2586. What is not a role of wetlands?
marine environments. A. recharge water with nutrients
A. Beaches B. drain bordering land

1.1 HYDROLOGY 301
C. provide habitat for organisms B. 30.1 %

D. create power C. 20.9%

2587. Herman wants to make a list of things D. 97%
included in the hydrosphere. Which of the
2591. What do currents carry away from the
following should he add to his list?
equator?
A. mountains
A. Wind
B. oceans
B. Oil
C. ozone
C. FIsh
D. trees
D. Heat
2588. In the image how would precipitation
form? 2592. Which of the following is NOT a source
of salt in the ocean water?
A. erosion
B. volcanoes
D. precipitation
2593. What landform can you see in this pic-

A. Warm air hitting the cold plastic form- ture and what process created it?
ing water droplets, it gets heavy and pre-
cipitation happens.
B. Cold air hitting the warm plastic form-
ing water droplets, it gets light and con-
densation happens.
C. Warm air hitting the cold plastic form- A. Ox-bow lake, created by erosion and
ing ice cubes and snow happens. deposition on a meander bend.
D. Cold air hitting the Warm plastic form- B. Waterfall, created by erosion of hard
ing evaporation. and soft rock.
2589. How many oceans are there? C. Estuary, created by erosion as the
river meets the sea.
A. 1
D. Estuary, created by deposition as the
B. 10 river meets the sea.
C. 5
2594. Once the water makes it all the way
D. 2
through the water cycle, the water
2590. Most people in the US get their water A. starts the cycle over again
from aquifers. What percentage of fresh-
B. is done with its journey
water in the graph represents the fresh-
water available in the world’s aquifers? C. remains at the end of the cycle
A. 2.5% D. can take a break for awhile

1.1 HYDROLOGY 302
2595. Which statement best describes how

you can demonstrate condensation?
A. To show condensation, you will need to
maintain a constant temperature.
A. Sites 1 and 13 are most concerning be-
B. To show condensation, you will need to cause they have low % of bioindicators.
decrease the temperature. B. Sites 5 through 8 are most concerning
C. To show condensation, you will need to because they have a high % of bioindica-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
increase the temperature. tors.
D. none of above C. Sites 5 through 8 are most healthy be-
cause they have a high % of bioindicators.
2596. A haze of fog appears above a tree cov- D. Site 12 is most healthy because it has
ered mountain in the early morning. the lowest % of bioindicators.
A. Evaporation
2600. What is an aquifer?
B. Condensation
A. *a human-made channel (pipe, canal,
C. Precipitation etc.) that is built to move water from one
D. Transpiration location to another
B. An area below the earth’s surface
2597. Which two of the same atoms make-up where the space between rock and soil
a molecule of water? particles is saturated with water
C. a human-made barrier to control and
back up water
D. none of above
2601. What is the first stage of a water cycle
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
A. 2 hydrogen
D. none of above
B. 2 oxygen
C. 2 carbons 2602. a body of permeable rock that can con-
tain or transmit groundwater
D. 2 nitrogen
A. hydrology
2598. If a high tide occurs at 7:00 pm, when B. hail
will the next high tide occur? C. aquifer
A. 9:00 pm D. geyser
B. 8:00 pm
2603. All waves carry
C. 8:00 am A. energy
D. 7:00 am B. light
2599. Which of the following can be concluded C. matter
based on the data? D. particles

1.1 HYDROLOGY 303
2604. Most of the Earth’s freshwater is in 2609. What type of weather occurs when a
A. lakes rapidly moving cold air mass runs into a
slowly moving warm air mass, the denser

B. oceans cold air slides under the lighter warm air?
C. groundwater A. thunderstorms
D. glaciers B. sunny weather
2605. What moon phases do neap tides occur? 2610. Waves can be measured in many differ-
A. New moon and full moon ent ways. Even though waves have differ-
B. First quarter and new moon ent parts to them they all must have the
following
C. Full moon and third quarter
A. Need a medium
D. First quater and third quarter
B. Move matter
2606. A community decides to upgrade its C. Need energy to start them and trans-
wastewater treatment and water purifica- fer energy with them
tion systems. What lasting impact could
this have on available freshwater? D. A frequency that is higher than reso-
nance
A. It could cause a decrease in water de-
mand 2611. Look at the diagram below. What ocean
B. It could cause a decrease in the water floor feature matches letter C?
levels
C. It could can an increase in waterborne
disease
D. It could cause an increase in the fresh-
water supply
A. Abyssal Plain
2607. During a portion of the water cycle, wa- B. Continental Slope
ter falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation.
C. Volcanic Island
Some of this water runs off into channels
and keeps moving until it ends up in the D. Seamount
ocean. Which BEST describes the water in
the channels? 2612. What is another name for salt, which
we get from the weathering and erosion
A. Lake of rocks/minerals.
B. River A. sodium
C. Aquifer B. chloride
D. Wetland C. sodium chloride
2608. flat-topped seamount D. none of these are correct
A. abyssal plain 2613. What is the energy source for the hydro-
B. mid-ocean ridge logical cycle?
C. guyot A. the Sun
D. rift B. the Earth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 304
C. water 2619. What cloud is found at ground level?

D. the Moon A. Cirrus
2614. What happens to temperature and den- B. Stratus

sity as you descend (go deeper) into the C. Culumlus
ocean?
D. Fog
A. temperature increases and density de-
creases 2620. What step of the Water Cycle is letter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A?
B. temperature increases and density in-
creases
C. temperature decreases and density
decreases
D. temperature decreases and density in-
creases
2615. How does water move from plants to

the atmosphere? A. precipitation
A. Infiltration B. transpiration
B. Condensation C. condensation
C. Transpiration D. accumulation
D. Precipitation
2621. what will happen to an aquifer if more
2616. What is the primary cause of wa- water is taken from it than is added to it?
ter evaporation from Earth’s oceans and A. the water will increase
lakes?
B. the water will deplete
A. Energy from the Sun
C. the water will create a lake
B. Heat from the surrounding land
D. the glaciers will release more water to
2617. Water moving down into the ground. the oceans
A. Inflitration 2622. What is a wave?
B. Transpiration
C. Condensation
D. Precipitation
2618. Look at the diagram provided. How

many points on Earth, as indicated by the
arrows, will be experiencing high tides? A. Movement that carries energy
A. 1 B. Something to pump up your team at a
B. 2 baseball game
C. 3 C. Movement caused by currents
D. 4 tags112.20.b.7.C D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 305
2623. When heat is transferred by the move- 2628. Ellen grabs a topsoil sample in her hand.
ment of currents within a fluid it is called She rolls it into a ball. The soil feels gritty
and the ball falls apart. What part of the

A. conduction
topsoil most likely made the topsoil feel
B. convection gritty?
C. radiation A. clay
D. none of above B. sand
2624. The area of land DRAINED by a river C. silt
system is called the D. humus
A. drainage basin
2629. This zone includes any area beyond the
B. mouth continental shelf where water is deepest.
C. tributaries A. Open-Ocean Zone
D. source B. Neretic Zone
2625. A stream’s drainage basin is all the wa- C. Intertidal Zone

ter that D. Autozone
A. flows into it 2630. Tropical air masses are
B. infiltrates from it into the ground A. cold air masses.
C. is removed from it for drinking water B. dry air masses
D. is within 100 kilometers of its channel C. humid air masses.
2626. When water , dew forms. D. warm air masses.
2631. Scientist tested the ocean water at vari-

ous locations around the star in the first di-
agram. The map shows the different salin-
ity levels found. Which of the following
best explains why the salinity level is so
high at the “X”?
A. Melts
B. Evaporates
C. Condenses
D. Precipitates
2627. These ocean motions are caused by

winds A. less water evaporates here than falls
as precipitation
A. tides and waves
B. there are more waves here making the
B. surface currents and waves water have a higher salinity
C. surface and deep water currents C. glaciers and icebergs are melting in
D. tides and tsunamis this area causing a higher salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 306
D. more water evaporates here than falls

as precipitation
2632. The majority of earth’s freshwater is.

A. frozen
B. underground
C. in rivers.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. atmospheric water
D. in watersheds.
Explanation:The majority of earth’s fresh- B. surface water
water is stored in ice caps and glaciers. C. groundwater
D. frozen water
2633. Water stored below the Earth’s surface
is called: 2637. What is an example of gas in the atmo-
A. Groundwater sphere?
A. Ice Crystals
B. Bogs
B. Water Droplets
C. Water in the ground
C. Water Vapor
D. none of above
D. Snow
2634. Why doesn’t the sun have more of an ef- 2638. Vernal pools, watering holes, shallow
fect on tides than the moon, since the sun ponds
is larger? A. Man-made
A. The sun is closer to the earth than the B. Perennial
moon
C. Ephemeral
B. the sun is farther away from the earth, D. Aquifer
than the moon
C. the moon is almost as large as the sun 2639. If a current starts by the poles, is it a
warm or cold current? Why?
A. cold, originates from the equator
D. none of above
B. warm, originates from the equator
2635. Floods are more likely to occur when C. warm, originates from the Arctic
groundwater levels are D. cold, originates from the Arctic
A. high
2640. An ephemeral stream
B. low A. is a stream that flows all year long.
2636. The graph shows the distribution of the B. is a stream that flows during part of
freshwater resources of Earth. Which of the year but not others.
these sources of fresh water corresponds C. is a stream that only flows during or
to Source 1? shortly after a storm.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 307
D. is a stream that is above the water ta- 2645. Answer the following question from the
ble and adds water to the ground. diagram.The diagram shows a cave forma-
tion that can form over time. These cave

E. is a stream that sits below the wa-
ter table and gets more water from the formations are formed by
aquifer.
2641. The process of sediment being dropped

off in a new location is called
A. Erosion
B. Evaporation
C. Weathering
D. Deposition
2642. What is the main factor that separates

the biomes?
A. animals that live in the cave

B. the rock around them dissolving due
to physical weathering by underground
rivers
A. Land
C. dripping water evaporating and leav-
B. Water ing behind minerals that build up over time
C. Climate D. groundwater eroding the rock around
D. Longitude them
2643. Most of the freshwater on Earth is 2646. What is a water molecule composed of?
found in glaciers and ice caps. True or False A. 1 Hydrogen atom and 2 Oxygen atoms
A. True B. 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
B. False C. 3 Oxygen atoms
D. 2 Helium atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
2644. Water is constantly evaporating from
the oceans. Salt does not evaporate. Why 2647. What symbolizes the continental slope?
doesn’t the salinity of the ocean change?
A. Magic
B. Coriolis effect
C. Freshwater rivers & precipitation add
freshwater to replace the w A. 1
D. Transpiration B. 2

1.1 HYDROLOGY 308
C. 3 2652. What part of the water cycle does this

picture show?
D. 8
2648. Structure that cuts across the beach to-

wards the water to prevent erosion.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. sublimation
A. Sandbar
2653. What is D?
B. Groins
C. Jetties
D. Seawall
E. Breakwaters
2649. A tropical air mass brings air.

A. Warm
B. Cold A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
2650. What is the difference between a river
C. Precipitation
basin and a watershed?
D. Runoff
A. River basins make up watersheds
B. River basins are the same as water- 2654. is water that infiltrates the Earth’s
sheds except smaller surface.
C. River basins are made up of many wa- A. Groundwater

tersheds B. Air
D. River basins are more polluted than C. Condensation
watersheds D. Carbon Dioxide
2651. The ocean layer of rapid temperature 2655. What is the zone of aeration?
change with depth is known as the
A. Depth below Earth’s surface at which
A. trophic level groundwater completely fills all the pore
of a material
B. deep zone
B. Zone below the surface, but above the
C. mixed zone
zone of saturation, where materials are
D. thermocline moist.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 309
2656. Name the moon phase 2660. What law prevents raw sewage and
toxic waste from being dumped into wa-
terways?

A. CERCLA
B. Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act
C. Safe Drinking Water Act
D. Clean Water Act
2661. Where is most of Earth’s FRESH water

found?
A. in rivers and lakes
A. First Quarter
B. high in the atmosphere as water vapor
B. Last Quarter
C. deep underground as groundwater
C. New Moon
D. Full Moon D. trapped in icecaps & glaciers
2657. In the water cycle, after water has con- 2662. This is an image of a
densed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth
in the form of
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
C. infiltration
D. transpiration
A. Low tide
2658. Which particle has a positive charge? B. Spring tide
A. electron C. Neap tide
B. orbital D. High tide
C. proton
2663. Clouds and fog are made of
D. neutron
A. water
2659. During a rainfall, surface runoff will B. soil
probably be greatest in an area that has
a C. air
A. Steep slope and a clay-covered sur- D. heat
face
2664. How many oceans are there in the
B. Steep slope and a gravel-covered sur- world?
face
A. 5
C. Gentle slope and a grass-covered sur-
face B. 6
D. Gentle slope and a tree-covered sur- C. 7

face D. 8

1.1 HYDROLOGY 310
2665. an index of wetness of 70% indicates 2671. Which statement about the bottom of
A. an increase in rainfall of 70% the ocean floor is NOT true?
A. there is very little oxygen found at the
B. an increase in rainfall of 30%
bottom of the ocean
C. a rainfall deficiency of 70% B. it is very cold at the bottom of the
D. a rainfall deficiency of 30% ocean
C. it is very light at the bottom of the
2666. The factors that affect surface currents
ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
are
D. there is a lot of pressure at the bottom
A. salinity, temperature, and turbidity
of the ocean
B. wind, salinity, turbidity
2672. Which ocean is the largest?
C. wind, salinity, temperature
A. Atlantic
D. wind, Coriolis Effect, continental barri- B. Southern
ers
C. Pacific
2667. What is the source of energy of a hurri- D. Indian
cane?
2673. Ocean currents are produced by
A. Cool water
A. volcanoes on the bottom of the ocean
B. Warm water floor
2668. The majority of the water in the world B. earthquakes on the bottom of the
is stored in ocean floor
A. oceans C. differences in the temperature of the

water at different depths
B. the atmsosphere
D. differences in the number of organ-
C. the ground isms living at different depths
D. rivers 2674. a feathery frozen deposit of ice formed
on the ground formed from dew or water
2669. Which human activities have led to the
vapour is called
degradation of wetlands and estuaries?
A. glaze
A. Urbanization
B. sleet
B. Conservation
C. frost
C. Industrialization
D. snow flakes
D. Water Rationing
2675. All wind are caused by differences in
E. Mining
2670. Non-point source of pollution

A. factories
B. waste treatment plant
C. runoff from a farm
D. factory smoke

1.1 HYDROLOGY 311
A. weather 2680. The hydrologic cycle continuously recy-

B. precipitation cles through Earth’s systems.

C. air pressure
D. climate
2676. The angle of waves hitting the shore

causes a motion of particles down the
beach. This is best described as
A. rocks
B. water
C. oxygen
D. carbon dioxide
2681. What percent of Earth’s water is salty?
A. Longshore Drift
A. 3
B. Nearshore currents
B. 29
C. Attrition
C. 71
D. Undertow
D. 97
2677. The size of a wave is NOT affected by
2682. A local government is considering
A. length of time the wind blows across whether to build a dam. Which is an ad-
the water vantage of building this structure? (EEn
B. salinity of the water 2.4.1)
C. strength of the wind A. it can decrease the accumulation of
sediment in the water
D. distance the wind blows across the wa-
ter B. it can improve the natural habitat of
plants and animals
2678. An air mass forms over the Gulf of Mex- C. it is an inexpensive process
ico and moves northeast across Georgia.
What weather conditions are likely to pre- D. it can create a storage place for water.
vail in Georgia? 2683. What does symbol # 3 mean?
A. cool and dry
B. cool and humid
C. warm and dry
D. warm and humid
2679. Why is fluoride added to water?

A. Disinfect A. Cold Front
B. Prevent bacteria growth B. Warm Front
C. Strengthen teeth C. Stationary Front
D. Soften D. Occluded Front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 312
2684. Where do deep currents form? 2689. The end of an era, and the end of life for
groups of organisms, is called?
A. where the coriolis effect is strongest
B. where the Earth’s magnetic field is
strongest
C. where water’s density increase
D. where water’s density decreases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2685. At what time(s) did high tide occur on
Wednesday?
A. Death
B. Mass extinction
C. Transition
D. Turning point
A. 1:58 AM and 7:21 AM 2690. Why is the equator so much warmer
B. 1:14 PM and 7:23 PM than the poles?
C. 1:58 AM and 1:14 PM A. The sun’s rays are coming in at a steep
angle and are more concentrated
D. 7:21 AM and 7:23 PM
B. The sun’s rays are coming in at a shal-
2686. Twice a year when we have equal hours low angle and are spread out over a large
of night and day we have an area
A. Solstice C. The Greenhouse Effect traps a greater
amount of gases around the equator
B. Equinox
D. Convection currents in the Earth’s
2687. Top of a drainage system. mantle are more focused on the equator
A. Mouth 2691. the term soil moisture is used to mean

B. Tributary the same thing as groundwater.
A. true
C. Delta
B. false
D. Headwater
2692. what is the water division of earth
2688. If I have freshwater that is less dense,
what will it do in comparison to salt water A. ocean water 97.5 per cent, freshwater
that is more dense? frozen as ice 1.5 per cent and freshwater
1 per cent
A. The more dense water will float and
the less dense water will sink. B. ocean water-47%, freshwater 50%,
freshwater frozen as ice 3%
B. The more dense water will sink and the
less dense water will float
ice-90%, freshwater9%
C. Nothing they will mix evenly.
D. freshwater-33.33%, freshwater frozen
D. none of above as ice 33.33%, ocean water 33.33%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 313
2693. Any form of water that falls to Earth’s 2698. Which of these shows a diagram of a
surface from the clouds; includes rain, Drianage Basin?
snow, sleet, and hail.

A. Evaporation
A.
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation
D. Condensation
2694. Of the water that covers Earth, how B.

much is salt water?
A. none
2699. occur in the spaces between the high
B. half tides.
C. almost all A. High tides
D. one fourth B. Medium tides
2695. Which container has the lowest poros- C. Low tides

ity? D. Super tides
2700. Which of these options will create the

most dense water?
A. High salt, high temperature
B. High salt, low temperature
A. A C. Low salt, high temperature
B. B D. none of above
C. C
2701. Which term best describes the general
D. A and B flow of water over land?
2696. Which factor creates currents, NOT A. runoff
ocean waves? B. precipitation
A. wind C. transpiration
B. earthquakes D. condensation
C. moon’s gravity 2702. What causes ocean tides?
D. density differences A. The moon’s gravity
2697. the amount of moisture (water vapor) B. Earth’s rotation
in the air C. Strong winds
A. humidity D. Heat from the sun
B. evaporation
2703. A is an area of land covered with
C. convection water either some or all of the year.
D. heat transfer A. Wetland

1.1 HYDROLOGY 314
B. Community 2709. Identify the ocean at location #2 S6E3.c

C. River
D. Ocean
2704. The journey that water takes as it cir-

culates from the land to the sky and back
down to the land again without losing any
water. A. Indian Ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Water cycle B. Southern Ocean
B. Precipitation C. Arctic Ocean
C. Salinity D. none of above
D. Hydrosphere 2710. Which of the following is most respon-

sible for carrying pollution from roads to
2705. A curve or bend in a stream formed water sources?
when a stream’s slope decreases, water
A. Runoff
builds up in the stream channel, and mov-
ing water erodes away the sides of the B. Precipitation
streambed C. Discharge
A. oxbow lake D. Acid Rain
B. levee 2711. Water has both a positive and a nega-
C. delta tive side to its molecule.
D. meander A. Polarity
B. Cohesion
2706. Water in its gas form is called ,
C. Surface Tension
A. water vapor
D. Adhesion
B. precipitation
2712. Which step is NOT one of the 3 major
C. ice steps of the water cycle
D. air A. precipitation
2707. Humans can only consume (drink) B. expiration
A. Freshwater C. condensation
D. evaporation
B. Saltwater
2713. Explain how convection currents allow
2708. One indicator of wave height is ocean surface currents to flow around the
A. how close we are to the moon globe.
B. the speed of wind A. Warm water rises, cool water sinks
C. the salinity of ocean water B. Warm water rises, warm water sinks
D. the surface temperature of ocean wa- C. Cool water rises, cool water sinks
ter D. Cool water rises, cool water sinks

1.1 HYDROLOGY 315
2714. What is label G 2717. The energy for the water cycles comes
from the

A. Rocks
B. Humans
C. Sun
A. Trench D. Local Power Plants
B. Mid ocean ridge 2718. What is all the water that flows over
the surface of the land and washes into
C. abyssal plain
rivers, streams, and other waterways
D. sea mount called?
2715. When water molecules stick to each

other because of the polar attraction be-
tween hydrogen and oxygen atoms, it is
called
A. Runoff
B. Surface water
C. Storm drain
D. Tributary
A. adhesion 2719. If Maria draws a topography map of the
B. cohesion ocean, which of these features would be
closest to thecoast?
C. specific heat index
D. properties of water
2716. What watershed is number 2 on the C. ocean trench
map?
D. continental rise
2720. What are some common sources of sur-

face water?
A. Mountains and glaciers
B. Rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams
C. Volcanoes and lava fields
A. North Carolina Sounds D. Deserts and sand dunes
B. Gulf of Mexico
2721. How does a rip current form?
C. Chesapeake Bay
A. When a rush of water flows quickly
D. All of the above back to sea

1.1 HYDROLOGY 316
B. When fish swarm an area of the ocean D. We are diverting most of this water for
C. During a large storm use in hydroelectric dams.
D. none of above 2726. When an object or substance is cooler,

its particles move slower and are closer
2722. When the moon is in its first quarter and together True Or False
third quarter phases
A. high tides are experienced worldwide
at the same time
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. low tides are experienced worldwide
at the same time
C. high tides are at their lowest levels
D. low tides are at their lowest levels A. True
2723. Which graph best indicates the general B. False
relationship between soil particle size and
2727. The effect of the earth’s rotation on the
the amount of water retention by a perme-
direction of winds and currents.
able soil?
A. Gulf stream
B. Coriolanus effect
2728. What dangers do humans pose against
estuaries and wetland?
A. GRAPH 1
A. more pollution
B. GRAPH 2
B. destroying the habitat for develop-
C. GRAPH 3 ment
D. GRAPH 4 C. overfishing
2724. A tool used to measure wind speed. D. all answer choices are correct
A. barometer 2729. When water molecules stick together
B. wind vane and create a trampoline like surface, it is
called
C. anemometer
D. wind sock
2725. The Ogallala Aquifer can be found un-

der the following states. What is the main
threat to that vital water supply?
A. We are using the water to irrigate
crops and it is not recharging fast enough.
B. We need it to drink because more and
A. surface tension
more people are moving to that area.
B. capillary action
C. The warming climate is speeding up
the evaporation rates of the water in the C. adhesion
aquifer. D. cohesion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 317
2730. Which describes eutrophication? 2733. Which pairing is correct?

A. excess runoff of nutrients

B. decrease runoff of nutrients
C. excess runoff of sediments
D. decrease runoff of sediments
2731. Which of the following is the best de-

scription of transpiration?
A. Brazil Current = ColdOyashio Current
+ Cold
B. E. Australian Current = Warm-
Benguela Current = Warm
C. Brazil Current = WarmBenguela Cur-
rent = Cold
D. Peru Current = WarmOyashio Current
= Warm
A. Water from humidity in the atmo- 2734. What type of climate is required for
sphere is absorbed by plant leaves and re- strong chemical weathering?
leased into the ground
A. Hot and wet
B. Water from the roots travels by capil-
lary action out to the leaves where it evap- B. Hot and dry
orates into the atmosphere C. Cold and wet
C. Water, by cohesion, pools near the D. Cold and dry
leaves of a tree and condenses on the
leaves to form dew that evaporates to the 2735. Your mom got a really high water bill
atmosphere because too much water got used, why
D. Cool night air causes water on leaves would it be important to check the house
to evaporate into the atmosphere for water leaks?
2732. The tidal bulge follows the movement of

the
A. to avoid a house fire

B. so she does not get a ticket
A. moon
C. to conserve drinking water that is be-
B. sun ing wasted
C. Earth D. so she does not get reported to the wa-
D. ocean ter police

1.1 HYDROLOGY 318
2736. What is the feature labeled C? 2740. How does a sinkhole form?
A. Stalactites erode a ceiling of a cave
B. Streams in mountains erode sediment
C. Underground water forms a cave
D. Stream erodes soil making it wider
2741. the continuous process by which water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. deep ocean trench is circulated throughout the earth through
B. seamount various processes
C. abyssal plain A. precipitation
D. volcanic island B. condensation
2737. What does microbiology mean? C. water cycle
A. Study of microscopic organisms D. evaporation

B. Study of pathogens 2742. Currents that are far beneath the sur-
C. Study of all life face
D. Study of ecosystems A. deep ocean currents
2738. As the moon revolves around the earth, B. surface currents

the water follows the motion and causes C. current
D. global winds
A. sea levels
B. waves and currents 2743. This is sometimes called a thunderhead
cloud. It looks very tall like mountains and
C. moon phases
heavy rain/thunderstorms comes from it.
D. high tides and low tides
A. Cumulus
2739. very light rain B. Cirrus
C. Stratus
D. Cumulonimbus
2744. What is the most abuntdant dissolved

solid in the ocean?
A. CaCl
B. MgCl
A. drizzle
C. NaCl
B. hail
D. NaMg
C. cloudburst
D. slush 2745. Deltas are built up by-

1.1 HYDROLOGY 319

flows through the ocean

A. stream
B. current
C. wind
D. none of above
2750. the study of water and its effects on

A. deposition and in the earth and in the atmosphere
B. leaching A. astronomy
C. abrasion B. meteorology
D. erosion C. hydrology
D. biology
2746. Label E, F, G
2751. Which one is NOT a biome?
A. stratosphere
B. temperate forest
C. ocean
D. savanna
2752. Which of these factors affect climate

A. E volcanic islandf continental shelfg
A. Large bodies of water and latitude
trench
B. Latitude and altitude
B. E abyssal plainF seamountG-volcanic
island C. Several factors such as latitude, alti-
tude, distance from large bodies of water,
2747. The top of the saturated zone is called mountains and prevailing winds
the
D. none of above
A. water table
B. aquifer 2753. What will form when a waves length is
cut in half?
C. artesian well
A. Waves
D. spring
B. Tides
2748. the continuous movement of Earth’s wa-
C. Breakers
ter from the ocean to the atmosphere to
the land and back to the ocean; driven by D. Currents
the energy from the sun E. Tsunami
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation coastal regions? / Why are ocean currents
C. Precipitation important to coastal regions?
D. Water Cycle A. they produce high and low tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 320
B. they keep the temperature moderate A. It is cooler in areas that have higher
C. they can cause earthquakes salinity.
D. they are not important B. It is warmer in areas that have lower

density
2755. When condensation occurs, what hap- C. It is cooler near the poles than near
pens to the water vapor? the equator.
A. It cools D. It is warmer where surface currents
move the fastest
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. It heats up
C. It stays the same temperature 2760. The area of land where surface water
D. It melts drains when the ground is unable to ab-
sorb it.
2756. Which hydrograph, A or B, is more likely A. Watershed
for a round drainage basin?
B. Aquifer
C. Base
A.
D. Upwelling
2761. Which is the least important question
for humans to ask?
B.
2757. Delta:NaCl, Salt in the ocean comes

from rocks on land.
A. True
B. False
A. Why can humans only use less than 1%
2758. water stored in depressions present on of freshwater?
ground is called B. Why can humans not use freshwater
A. percolation from glaciers?
B. infiltration C. What percentage of water is available
C. groundwater for humans to use?
D. Where do humans get most of their
D. surface detention
drinking water from?
2759. Which statement correctly describes
how temperature varies in the ocean’s sur-
best be answered by the data presented
face zone?
in the graph above?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 321
A. Is there a direct relationship between B. A carbon film

the density and salinity of ocean water? C. A petrified fossil

B. Is there an indirect relationship be- D. An extrusion
tween the density and salinity of ocean
water? 2766. Which of the following processes is con-
C. Does the density of ocean water in- nected to groundwater?
crease over time? A. evaporation
D. Does the salinity of ocean water de- B. precipitation
crease over time?
C. infiltration
2763. Why does warm air rise? D. condensation
2767. Which of the following describes a

seamount?
A. ocean floor at the edge of a continental
margin
B. underwater mountain range
C. sediment piled at the base of the con-
A. Warm air is more dense than cooler tinental slope
air. D. underwater volcano that is more than
B. Warm air has more pressure than 1 km high
cooler air.
2768. Which shows the order of Earth’s 5 ma-
C. Warm air is less dense than cooler air. jor oceans from largest to smallest?
D. Warm air has a higher dew point than A. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, Arc-
cooler air. tic
2764. What is an aquifer? B. Indian, Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic
A. a layer of rock that holds groundwater C. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arc-
tic
B. a type of cloud
D. Pacific, Arctic, Indian, Southern, At-
C. a way to conserve water
lantic
D. a way to purify water
2769. Which contributes most in supporting
2765. What is a trail, track or burrow left be- life on the deep ocean floor?
hind by an animal that later fossilized?
A. cold water temperatures
B. extreme water pressure
D. lack of predators
2770. The process by which plants release wa-

ter into the air is called:
A. A trace fossil A. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 322
B. condensation C. Condensed water

C. precipitation D. Water as runoff
D. evaporation
2777. What are clouds made from?
2771. pressure systems usually signal A. water vapors
stormy weather with winds moving
counter clockwise. B. water droplets or ice crystals
A. low C. smoke
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. medium D. large snowflakes
C. high 2778. Most drinking water comes from
D. none of the answers are correct
2772. The documentary we watched in class

was titled
A. Florida’s Aquifers
B. Waters Journey:Florida’s Hidden
Rivers
A. lakes
C. Florida Springs and Rivers
B. groundwater
D. Florida’s Underground River
C. oceans
2773. True/False:The shape depends on dura-
D. reservoirs
tion and intensity distribution of rainfall.
A. True 2779. Which type of front is displayed?
B. False
2774. Which is more porous?

A. a container of angular particles
B. a container of round particles
2775. Which water cycle steps has water heat- A. Cold

ing up and turning from a liquid to a gas?
B. Warm
A. Condensation
C. Stationary
B. Runoff
D. Occluded
C. Evaporation
D. Accumulation 2780. About how much of the Earth’s surface
is covered with water?
2776. Water that infiltrates the soil and is
A. 29%
stored in the spaces between sediment
particles is referred to as B. 92%
A. Water that is evaporated C. 71%
B. Groundwater D. 50%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 323
2781. Runoff from farms that use ferilizers is A. Evaporation

entering a small lake. This will most di- B. Condensation
rectly affect the lake by causing

C. Precipitation
A. the lake to dry up
D. Collection
B. algae to grow in the lake
C. the lake to become deeper 2786. Which best explains why all of the
D. water in the lake to become solid Earth’s freshwater is not available for hu-
man use?
2782. What is the major watershed in VA
A. Most of Earth’s freshwater is only in
A. The Metric System lakes.
B. Mississippi Watershed B. Most of Earth’s freshwater is under-
C. North Carolina Sound ground.
D. Chesapeake Bay Watershed C. Most of the Earth’s freshwater is still
in the water cycle.
2783. What is salt water intrusion?
A. Contamination of well and drinking wa- D. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen
ter water.
B. Movement of saline water into a fresh- 2787. How can trash effect wildlife?
water aquifer A. Wildlife animals cannot hunt prey be-
C. When salt water is not evenly dis- cause of the smell of garbage.
tributed into groundwater
B. Trash makes it hard for wildlife to cam-
D. When salt water restricts the flow of ouflage.
freshwater
C. Wildlife could eat trash that they think
2784. What greenhouse gas is dissolved in the is food.
ocean? D. Wildlife animals are afraid of trash.
A. nitrogen
2788. The data table provides information
B. oxygen
about air and water conditions in a certain
C. carbon dioxide location throughout the day. Which of the
D. ozone following statements about waves is sup-
ported by data in the table?
2785. Sarah needs her Dunkin Donuts coffee
in the morning. She brews a cup of coffee
into her travel mug and places a lid on it.
When she gets to work, she takes off the
lid and notices little drops of water are on
the lid. What is this an example of?
A. The warmer the water, the larger the
wave.
B. Wave speed is influenced by wind di-
rection.
C. Colder air temperatures increase
wave height.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 324
D. Wave height increases as wind speed 2793. Prevailing winds will cause
increases. A. surface currents
2789. Nitrogen will valence electrons B. deep water currents
when forming an ionic bond. C. High Tide
A. gain 1 D. Low Tide
B. lose 1
2794. What are the processes water moves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. gain 3 through, in order, as it moves from the sur-
D. lose 3 face of a lake to a cloud in the sky?
A. evaporation then condensation
2790. Why are La Nina conditions especially
B. condensation then evaporation
important to areas such as Texas and Cal-
ifornia? C. precipitation then condensation
A. because La Nina brings drought to D. condensation then precipitation
these farming areas
2795. What effect can currents have on the
B. because La Nina brings needed rain to land around them?
these farming areas
A. Cold current can cause a colder cli-
C. because it brings rain and floods and mate and a warm current can cause a
there are many people in these areas warmer climate
D. La Nina does not really impact these B. Cold current can cause a warmer cli-
areas like El Nino does mate and warm current can cause a
warmer climate
2791. How do ocean currents effect the cli-
C. There is no change
mate of the land they pass by?
D. They cause erosion
A. Warm It
B. Cool It 2796. Sand sediments are usually more per-
meable than silt sediments because sand
C. Warm and Cool It grains are
D. No Effect A. larger
2792. A tide is produced when the Earth, B. smoother
and sun are aligned as in the diagram C. rounder
D. more soluble
2797. What is the name of the largest and

most powerful surface current in the North
Atlantic Ocean?
A. neap tide A. Gulf of Mexico
B. spring tide B. Pacific Steam
C. high tide C. Gulf Stream
D. low tide D. Atlantic Ocean steam

1.1 HYDROLOGY 325
2798. In what order do these appear in the ge- 2802. How could the removal of trees and
ologic record (oldest to youngest)? other vegetation impact an environment?

A. By increasing oxygen production
B. By increasing soil formation
C. By increasing transpiration
D. By increasing erosion
2803. Water flows through permeable materi-
als than impermeable materials.
A. slower
B. faster
2804. Desalination is when you remove
from water
A. all harmful materials
A. Bacteria, fish, birds, humans B. salt
C. hydrogen particles
B. Bacteria, birds, fish, humans
D. oxygen
C. Humans, birds, fish, bacteria
D. Humans, fish, birds, bacteria 2805. The water cycle is also known as
A. Hypertonic Solution
2799. Weathering is when rocks are and
B. Hydrological Cycle
erosion is when rocks are
C. Hyperlogical Cycle
A. jumping, raining
D. None of these
B. running, clouds
2806. what is linear transport processes in
C. moving, washed away rivers (horizontal transport)?
D. broken down, moved A. quantitative forecast of precipitation
2800. when density increases temperature B. regime of soil moisture
A. increases C. forecast critical meteorological condi-

tion
B. decreases
D. flood forecasting
C. stays the same
2807. What is Nekton and where can they be
D. none of above found in the ocean? (top/middle/bottom)
2801. How do fertilizers and animal waste af- A. living organisms the are found in the
fect the level of nitrates in water top/surface zones of the ocean
A. they have no effect on it B. living organisms found in the bot-

tom/midnight zones of the ocean
B. they increase the level
C. living organisms found in the mid-
C. they decrease the level dle/twilight zones of the ocean
D. none of the above D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 326
2808. What most often causes the availability 2812. Which is formed when a section of
of water to change? impermeable rock forces groundwater to
A. local geography move laterally and emerge on the surface
of the Earth?
B. types of plants
A. A spring
C. types of soil
B. An aquifer
D. none of above
C. A geyser
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2809. A hurricane forming over the Atlantic
Ocean may have high winds that will blow D. A well
for long periods of time. What effect will
2813. How are covalent bonds explained?
these winds most likely have on ocean wa-
ter? A. When one atom takes the other atom’s
A. They will create very strong deep- electron
ocean currents. B. When the atom shares an electron
B. They will create very high waves. with an another atom
C. They will increase the salinity of the C. When the two nucleus merge
ocean water. D. When the neutrons leave the nucleus
D. They will increase the temperature of
the ocean water 2814. Where is most of the water on Earth
found?
2810. Mary and Alex want to learn more
A. Oceans
about salty ocean water. The two stu-
dents perform a lab to determine the B. Glaciers and Ice caps
density of saltwater which represents an
C. Lakes
ocean versus freshwater which represents
a lake. Which factor in their experiment D. Rivers
affects the density of the water?
2815. What is it called when moisture from
plants and leaves is lost to the atmo-
sphere?
A. Transpiration
A. type of egg B. Condensation
B. size of beakers C. Throughflow

C. amount of salt D. Percolation
D. amount of water 2816. What do we call the land area that sup-
2811. Water underground is stored in plies water to a river system?
A. aquifers A. runoff
B. wells B. recharge
C. reservoir C. watershed
D. none of above D. valley

1.1 HYDROLOGY 327
2817. The Earth rotates on its axis around 2823. An eclipse occurs when one object in
the Sun. space moves in the of another.

A. Clockwise A. reflection
B. Counterclockwise B. shadow
C. orbit
2818. As human population increases expo-
nentially, what happens to the amount of D. rotation
freshwater?
2824. Most groundwater flow takes place
A. it increases through , which are permeable layers
B. it decreases of soil or rock material.
C. it stabilizes A. Watershed
D. it increases then decreases
C. Water Table
2819. This is the #1 cause of water pollution:
D. Aquifers
A. sewage E. Permeability
B. fertilizer
2825. A student looks outside her window af-
C. Sediment from agriculture ter it has rained. She sees many puddles
D. oil spills of water. later that same day, the puddles
are gone. Which process explains why the
2820. As water vapor cools it This process puddles are gone?
changes waters state from gas to liquid.
A. evaporates
B. condenses
2821. Limiting development on floodplains is

effective because it
A. allows floodplains to absorb floodwa-
ters with little harm to structures A. accumulation of runoff
B. eliminates wide stream meanders B. precipitation
C. is more expensive to build structures C. evaporation
on flat land D. condensation
D. helps keep floodwaters within stream 2826. This picture shows an area experiencing
channels
2822. Dew collects on the grass early in the

morning.
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 328
A. low tide 2832. How do surface ocean waves form?

B. high tide
2827. The density of ocean water is influenced

by what two factors?
A. Salinity and temperature
B. Water color and chlorophyll
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Dissolved gases and dissolved solids
D. Dissolved carbon and trace elements A. Wind blowing across the surface
B. Time wind blows
2828. hydrology definition
C. Strength of the wind
A. transport and storage of water
through cycles D. Wind when blows upwards off the wa-
B. study of living organism ter
C. interactions between the heat & envi-
2833. As you descend to the ocean floor to-
ronment
wards the abyssal plain what happens to
D. nitrogen cycle the temperature, density and light?
2829. When water vapor turns to liquid, cling- A. Temperature decreases, density in-
ing to either dust particles or cold surfaces, creases and light decreases
that is B. Temperature increases, density in-
A. evaporation creases and light decreases
B. condensation C. They all decrease
C. transpiration D. They all increase
D. precipitation
2834. Some insects and small organisms can
2830. The slope of a water table is called the walk on water due to
A. gradient
A. Adhesion
B. slant
B. Specific heat
C. aquifer
C. Capillary action
D. saturation
D. Surface tension
2831. A barrier constructed to hold back wa-
ter and raise its level, forming a reservoir 2835. Which of the following results in high
used to generate electricity or as a water run-off rates
supply.
A. High soil moisture content
A. dam
B. canyon B. Sparse vegetation cover
C. reservoir C. Steep gradient

D. saturated zone D. All answers are correct

1.1 HYDROLOGY 329
2836. In Science class, lab partners are design- C. 15%

ing an experiment that shows the impor- D. 2.6%

perimental design, which of the following 2840. Warm water is dense and than
procedures could be used to demonstrate cold water
the difference between condensation and
evaporation?
ners must increase the temperature
ners must decrease the temperature
C. To show condensation, the lab part-
ners must maintain a constant tempera-
ture within the cycle; to show evaporation, A. More, Heavier
B. Less, Heavier
ners must maintain a constant tempera- C. Less, Lighter
ture within the cycle; to show evaporation, D. More, Lighter
2841. The largest and most powerful surface
2837. What is letter C? current in the NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN. It
carries warm water.
A. Coriolis effect
B. Gulf steam
2842. Groundwater pumping causes all of the

A. Mid-Ocean Ridge following, except
B. Cont. Shelf A. increased water table
C. Cont. Slope B. aquifer depletion
D. Abyssal Plain C. salt water intrusion
2838. The sticking together of particles of the D. aquifer subsidence
same substance is
2843. The following human activities that
A. Cohesion have a positive impact on the water cycle
B. Adhesion on earth are
2839. What percentage of all water on Earth A. Deforestation

is salt water? B. Reforestation
A. 97.4% C. Dam construction
B. 85% D. Terracing

1.1 HYDROLOGY 330
2844. Hanging mountain and valley glaciers. 2848. Which of the following factors does not
impact the infiltration rate of water?
A. the porosity/permeability of the soil
B. the water table level
C. the rate of precipitation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Alpine Glaciers D. the amount of pollution in a nearby
stream
B. Continental Glaciers
C. Piedmont Glaciers
2849. What force guides the movement of
D. Mountain Glaciers deep currents?
2845. Water underground is stored in A. density differences

A. aquifers B. wind
B. reservoirs
C. Coriolis Effect
C. wells
D. depositories D. continental barriers
2846. Which currents come from the North and 2850. A wind that blow from the sea to the
South pole land is
A. Warm
A. land breeze
B. Cold
C. North B. sea breeze
D. South C. polar easterlies
2847. areparallel scratch marks on D. westerlies

bedrock
2851. What atmospheric layer is closest to the
ground?
A. Mesosphere
B. Troposphere
C. Stratosphere
A. Plucking
D. Thermosphere
B. Abrasion
C. Striations
2852. A mid-oceanic ridge might be compared
D. Till to what continental landform?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 331
A. gain
B. lose

C. share
D. none of above
2856. Streams that flow into a main river

body
A. Tributaries
B. Divides
C. Watersheds
D. Basins
2857. About what percentage of water on

earth is fresh?
A. 97
B. 70
A. Delta
C. 3
B. Great plains
D. 1
C. Mountain range
2858. Why is most of Earths freshwater is not
D. Mountain valley
available for human use.
2853. Why is the entrainment velocity higher A. because it’s in the ground
for particles like clay compared to silt and
B. because it’s frozen in ice caps and
sand?
glaciers
A. Clay and silt particles are larger there-
C. because of pollution
fore require more energy to entrain.
D. because of global warmin
B. The mean settling velocity is slower
than the critical erosion velocity 2859. How many high and low tides does an
C. Clay particles form stronger bonds area have per day?
than sand particles A. 2 high; 1 low
D. Sand is very sticky B. 2 high; 2 low
2854. If there is a high tide at 6:25 pm, when C. 1 high; 1 low
will the next high tide occur? D. they only occur twice a month
A. 6:25 pm the next day.
2860. Water that collects in lakes, rivers,
B. 6:25 am the next day. oceans and other bodies of water
C. 12:25 pm the next day. A. river
D. 12:25 am the next day. B. accumulation
2855. For nonmetals (grousp 5-7), its easier C. condensation

to electrons to have a full outer shell. D. runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 332
2861. Which part of the water cycle is indi- 2865. What is the most challenging factor
cated by the red arrow? about life in the deep ocean?
A. Temperature
B. Salinity
C. High pressures
D. Low pressure
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2866. The level below which the ground is sat-
urated with water
A. Transpiration
A. precipitation
B. Precipitation
B. water level
C. Run Off
C. infiltration
D. Condensation
D. well
2862. What is a nekton organism? 2867. Letter A is pointing to the
A. It is an active swimmer that would dive
in many zones of the ocean.
B. It lives on the floor or bottom of the
ocean.
C. It is passive and is carried away by the
current and wind. A. Continental shelf
D. It is part of the Hadalpelagic zone in B. Mid-ocean ridge
the trenches on the Ocean floor C. Continental slope
2863. the distance from any point on a wave D. Trench
to an identical point on the next wave,
2868. Which of these best describes the cause
crest to crest or trough to trough is called
of waves in the ocean?
the
A. high and low tides
A. wave range
B. evaporation of water
B. wave height
C. wind blowing across the surface of the
C. wave volume ocean
D. wavelength D. ridges and trenches on the bottom of
the ocean
2864. What is the main energy source for deep
ocean currents that move large volumes of 2869. In what layer of the atmosphere do all
water around the planet? weather events occur?
A. heat from Earth’s core A. Stratosphere
B. Radiation from the sun B. Exosphere
C. Tidal effects of the moon C. Mesosphere
D. Motion of tectonic D. Troposphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 333
2870. The area where water sits in the ground 2875. While at the beach Matt saw that it was
is the high tide at 1:00PM. When can he expect
to see the next low tide?

A. water table
B. zone of aeration A. 6:30 PM
C. zone of saturation B. 7:12 PM
D. impermeable layer C. 1:50 PM

D. 7:12 AM
2871. Water can exist on Earth as
A. solid ice 2876. A can from when a rapidly spinning
column of low pressure air, called a funnel
B. liquid water cloud touches the ground.
C. the gas water vapor A. thunderstorm
D. All of above
B. hurricane
2872. What happens when there is a spring C. tornado
tide
D. none of above
A. high tides
2877. What do we call the central ridge that
B. really high tides
divides the ocean floor into two parts?
C. low tides
A. it is a seamount
D. none of above
B. it is a mountain range
2873. What landform can you see in the pic- C. it is the Great Divide
ture?
D. it is the mid-ocean ridge
2878. Water droplets form on the outside of a

cold bottle because the bottle cools down
the water vapor in the air and causes what
process to occur?
A. Evaporation
A. Floodplain B. Condensation
B. Delta C. Infiltration
C. Waterfall D. Runoff
D. Oxbow lake
2879. What type of water is dishwater?
2874. Which best explains why estuaries are
A. Grey water
an important habitat for many marine or-
ganisms in comparison to the open ocean? B. Black water
A. There are more nutrients available in
2880. What happens to a current when it
estuaries.
comes in contact with a continent or land-
B. There are more predators in estuaries. mass?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 334
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. run-off
2884. The streams and rivers in an arid (dry)

area are
A. It continues over the continent
A. Losing
B. It stops
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Gaining
C. It changes direction
C. Intermittent
D. It is absorbed by the land
D. Ephemeral
2881. The map represents the global conveyor
belt. What is the primary factor driving 2885. How does energy and matter flow
the current in the above map? through an ecosystem?
A. Consumers
B. Producers
C. Food webs
D. through the canopy
2886. During the Southeast Trade Winds

weaken.
A. Wind
A. Normal Conditions
B. Density
B. The boy
C. Ocean Depth
D. Latitude 2887. What is a river?
2882. The majority of earth’s fresh water is

found where?
A. in the ground
B. in lakes and rivers
C. in glaciers/ice
D. on top of mountains
A. A large body of freshwater
2883. Look at the picture. What process is
happening in Y? B. A saltwater inlet of the ocean
C. A natural large stream of flowing
freshwater
D. An underground waterway
2888. What percentage of freshwater re-

sources are we able to use for consump-
tion?
A. evaporation A. 30.1%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 335
B. 3% 2893. Julie wants to send a letter in a bottle

to her best friend across the ocean water.
C. less than 1%
If Julie could choose the shipping method

D. all of it to guarantee her letter gets to her friend,
how should she send the bottle?
2889. Wetlands can do all except:
A. down the water column
A. provide a home for wildlife
B. by a current
B. Filter pollutants
C. use sonar
C. reduce carbonic acid
D. by a wave
D. give flood protection
2894. Which happens immediately after a hur-
2890. Heat transfers from an area of tem- ricane makes landfall?
perature to an area of temperature. A. It gets stronger
B. It gets weaker
C. The wind picks up speed
D. It starts hailing
2895. Which of the following would most

likely result in an unhealthy aquatic habi-
tat?
A. a decrease in turbidity
A. high to low
B. a decrease in nitrate levels
B. low to high
C. an increase in water temperature
C. high to high
D. an increase in dissolved oxygen levels
D. none of above
2896. Which air mass will have higher pres-
2891. This is the measure of the size of the sure?
sediments that a river or stream can carry
A. Polar Air Mass
A. stream velocity
B. Tropical Air Mass
B. stream gradient
2897. Which of the following types of move-
C. Stream competence ment is considered a “swimming” marine
D. Stream capacity species?
A. plankton
2892. At the same time the sea is drawn to
the moon, another tidal bulge takes place B. benthos
on other side of Earth? C. nekton
A. Yes D. talk
B. No
2898. the earth’s surface from the edge of a
C. Maybe continent to the deep part of the ocean
D. I don’t know! A. continental shelf

1.1 HYDROLOGY 336
B. continental slope 2903. What do you call energy that is captured

C. continental rise from water that is converted to electric-
ity?
D. convection
A. Hydroelectricity
2899. Ocean currents affect global climates. B. Water energy
Which is most likely the mechanism that
drives the current to continue to circulate? C. River electrical generation
D. Dam energy.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2904. When water vapor loses enough energy
and cools to change into a liquid, this is
called
A. groundwater
B. condensation
A. surface winds C. transpiration
B. density currents D. runoff
C. rotation of Earth 2905. Why are ocean current important to
D. gravity of the Moon coastal regions?
A. they produce high and low tides
2900. True or False:A drainage basin and a wa-
tershed are the same. B. they can warm or cool the air temps
A. True C. they can vertically push warm water
and nutrients up
B. False
D. they increase the rate of precip. as
2901. What feature is B? cold water moves in
2906. What has to happen for water vapor to

condense and become a liquid?
A. lose heat energy
B. remain at a constant temperature
A. Seamount
C. gain heat energy
B. Abyssal plain
D. be heated to the boiling point
2907. If the land is frozen
D. Volcanic Island
2902. A is a large, rotating low-pressure

system that forms over the warm waters
of oceans near the equator.
A. tornado
B. hurricane
C. thunderstorm A. rain will not sink in and rivers can flood
D. flooding more easily

1.1 HYDROLOGY 337
B. rain will sink in quickly and reduce B. Salinity

river flooding C. Density

2908. A resource that can replenish itself is D. Friction
2913. How would California be different if

A. Renewable there was no California Current?
B. Non-renewable A. There would be no precipitation
2909. What is the water cycle? B. The climate would be colder
C. The climate would be warmer
D. There would be less precipitation
2914. How do clouds change the influence of

the sun on the water cycle?
A. Clouds produce precipitation, result-
ing in more fresh water.
A. the 3 forms of water
B. Clouds shield water sources from the
B. the movement of water on, above, or
sun, reducing evaporation.
below the surface of the Earth
C. Clouds enhance the heat of the sun on
C. when water melts
Earth’s surface, increasing evaporation.
D. when clouds form
D. Clouds focus the sun’s light, increasing
2910. The amount of empty space between the precipitation.
grains in rocks and soils
2915. What is the main difference between
A. permeability Evaporation and Condensation?
B. porosity A. Temperature decreases with evapora-
tion and increases with condensation
2911. Which of the following statements IN-
CORRECTLY labels one of the oceans in the B. Temperature decreases with conden-
map? sation and increases with evaporation
C. Temperature stays the same
D. Temperature has no effect
2916. The salt that is in your salt shaker is the

same salt that is in our oceans?
A. Point A is the Pacific Ocean.

B. Point B is the Atlantic Ocean.
C. Point C is the Arctic Ocean.
D. Point D is the Indian Ocean.
2912. How do waves form? A. true

A. Temperature B. false

1.1 HYDROLOGY 338
2917. How is the sun the major source of en-

ergy in the water cycle?
A. it provides the energy to condense at-
mospheric water vapor into rain
B. It provides the energy to create winds
that blow air masses across the Earth.
C. It provides the energy to evaporate
NARAYAN CHANGDER
water on Earth into the atmosphere. A. layer B
D. It provides the energy needed for wa- B. Layer C
ter to be transported downhill from moun- C. Layer D
tains to rivers and oceans.
D. none of above
2918. Liquid water turning to water vapor is
called
cated?
A. condensation
A. in the clouds
B. transpiration
B. in the ice caps
C. evaporation C. in the ocean
D. precipitation D. in the ground
Explanation:Most of Earth’s freshwater is
2919. Thunderstorms are usually created
located in the ice caps (North & South
when
Poles and mountain tops.The ocean is salt
A. warm moist air meets warm dry air. water.
B. warm moist air meet cold dry air. 2923. In the Northern Hemisphere, currents
C. cold moist air meet dry cold air. curve to the right because of
D. warm dry air meets cold dry air. A. longshore drift
B. the moon’s gravity
2920. Which type of front is pictured?
C. pressure
2924. When water falls to Earth as rain, snow,

hail, or sleet
A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration
A. Cold front
C. Precipitation
B. Warm front
D. none of above
C. Occluded front
2925. Which type of tides have a smaller
D. Stationary front
change in sea level due to the Earth, Moon,
2921. In the diagram, which layers are com- and Sun forming a right angle?
posed of impermeable material? A. High/Low

1.1 HYDROLOGY 339
B. Spring 2930. what part of the ocean is featureless

C. Neap and is flat

D. none of above A. abyssal floor
2926. The process by which precipitation or B. abyssal plains

water soaks into subsurface soil and C. abyssal cart
moves into rocks through cracks and
spaces. D. none of above
A. runoff
2931. Only 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater
B. infiltration
but most of that isn’t available for use by
C. aquifer humans. How much is available?
D. groundwater A. 3%
2927. In this cross section of a stream, where B. 2%
is the fastest current located?
C. 1%
D. None of it.
2932. What is a possible consequence of the

destruction of a marsh?
A. A A. decreased flooding
B. B
B. decreased filtering of water
C. C
C. increased types of plant life
D. D
D. increased habitat for organisms
2928. The amount of matter in a given space
is
2933. The descending slope which connects the
A. convection seafloor to the continental shelf.
B. density
C. conduction
B. trench
D. radiation
C. guyot
2929. What needs to happen for liquid water
to change into water vapor? D. continental slope
A. The liquid water needs to lose heat or
cool down. 2934. The temperature and salinity of the
ocean change the most:
B. The liquid water needs to gain or ab-
sorb heat. A. Near the surface
C. The liquid water needs to lose heat B. Near the bottom
then gain heat.
C. Near Antarctica
D. Nothing needs to happen for liquid wa-
ter to change into water vapor. D. Near the equator

1.1 HYDROLOGY 340
2935. Why are ocean currents important to 2939. What processes of the water cycle re-
coastal regions? turn water vapor directly to the atmo-
A. They produce high and low tides sphere?
B. They can warm or cool the air temper- A. infiltration and capillarity
atures B. evaporation and transpiration
C. They can vertically push warm water C. freezing and precipitation
and nutrients to the surface D. water retention and runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. They can increase the rate of precipi-
tation as cold water moves along coastal 2940. Salinity is the amount of salt in water.
regions True or False
A. True
2936. What process is happening at C in the
diagram? B. False
2941. Use the diagram above to answer the

question. Which of the following ques-
tions can BEST be answered by the data
presented in the graph above?
A. runoff
B. precipitation
C. condensation
A. Is there a direct relationship between
D. transpiration
the density and salinity of ocean water?
2937. What two elements make up salt wa- B. Is there an indirect relationship be-
ter? tween the density and salinity of ocean
A. Sodium Chloride water?
B. Sodium Salt C. Does the density of ocean water in-
crease over time?
C. Salt Chloride
D. Does the salinity of ocean water in-
D. Potassium Chloride
crease over time?
2938. What feature is A?
2942. Examine the graph. As temperature in-
creases, what happens to density?
C. Trench
D. Mid-ocean ridge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 341
A. Density increases 2946. Water without salt-found in ice sheets,

B. Density decreases ice caps, glaciers, ponds, lakes, rivers,
streams, and underground

2943. Defined as the amount of heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of
a substance by 1 kelvin.
A. specific heat capacity
B. density
C. latent heat
D. viscosity A. Freshwater
B. Saltwater
2944. What will happen to human population
in the future and how will this affect qual- C. Polar Molecule
ity and quantity of water? D. Capillary Action
A. human population will decrease and 2947. The tightness across the surface of wa-
this will mean more and cleaner water for ter that is caused by the polar molecules
everyone pulling on one another.
B. . human population will increase and
quality and quantity of water will remain
the same as current conditions
C. human population will increase and
quality and quantity of water will both de-
crease as a result
D. human population will decrease and
this will mean more pollution and less wa- A. Freshwater
ter for all B. Potable
2945. Based on the pie chart above, which C. Surface Tension
source of pollution listed below is respon- D. Water Conservation
sible for adding the most pollution to the
oceans? 2948. A smaller area of land where all water
runoff drains into a single body of water
A. evaporation
B. specific heat
C. watershed
D. river basin
2949. This is the distance from crest to crest
A. Offshore oil A. crest
B. Industrial wastewater B. trough
C. Maritime transportation C. wave length
D. Air pollutants D. wave height

1.1 HYDROLOGY 342
2950. the use of artificial methods to supply C. Fresh water that is frozen cannot
water to plants be used, and groundwater replenishes
A. groundwater quickly.
D. Freshwater on Earth is contaminated
B. surface water
after we use it.
C. aquifer
2955. Flat or gently sloping land that lies sub-
D. infiltration
merged around the edges of a continent
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. irrigation and that extends from the shorline to the
continental slope is called:
2951. All of the following factors contribute to
run-off, except A. Volcanic Island
A. deforestation B. Ocean Trench
B. heavy rainfall events C. Continental Shelf
C. soil type D. Continental Slope
D. evapotranspiration 2956. Where would most evaporation take

place on Earth?
2952. What is a man-made hole drilled below
A. rivers
water table?
B. oceans
A. natural spring
C. lakes
B. lake
D. groundwater
C. wetlands
D. well 2957. What creates a tidal bulge?
A. Interaction with Sun, Moon, and Earth
2953. When water evaporates from the ocean,
what happens to the salt in the water? B. Interaction with Sun and Moon
A. The salt does not evaporate and is left C. Interaction with Moon and Earth
behind. D. Interaction with Moon, Sun, and the
B. The salt evaporates with the the water oceans
and becomes a gas in the air.
2958. Which of the following is NOT a land-
C. The salt freezes into solid crystals. form created by Karst Topography?
D. The salt condenses and sinks deeper A. sinkhole
into the ocean. B. cavern
2954. Why is it important to conserve fresh- C. stalactite
water? D. mountain
A. Fresh water that is frozen cannot be
used, and it takes time to resupply ground 2959. hydrological forecasting
water. A. planning, designing and cunstructing
B. Fresh water that is frozen can be used aquaculture structure system
and it takes time to replenish groundwa- B. prediction of hydrological event with
ter. specified quantitate measure

1.1 HYDROLOGY 343
C. unpredictable time and amount B. When water cools

D. expected to develop in future wutiout C. When water heats up and evaporates

any limitation
D. When water collects in a body of watre
2960. What causes surface waves? like an ocean or lake
A. underwater volcanoes
2964. Which landform forms the dividing line
B. earthquakes between different River Basins?
C. wind
D. landslides
2961. is a powerful current in the Atlantic

Ocean. It starts in the Gulf of Mexico and
flows into the Atlantic at the tip of Florida,
accelerating along the eastern coastlines A. Mountain tops at high elevation
of the United States and Newfoundland. B. Valleys at lowest elevation
A. Wind C. Rivers
B. Rain
D. Lakes
C. Gulf stream
D. River Basin 2965. materials, such as sand with a large
pore space, have high.
2962. Which hydrograph, A or B, is more likely
A. Permeability of
for a drainage basin with impermeable
rock like granite? B. Turbidity
C. saturation zone
D. none of above
2966. The largest and most powerful surface

current in the North Atlantic Ocean. It car-
ries warm water.
A. Pacific Ocean
A.
B. The Gulf Stream
C. California Current
D. Atlantic Ocean
2967. How do we name air masses?

B.
A. Water and temperature
B. Air pressure
2963. What is accumulation? C. Humidity and temperature
A. When water falls from clouds D. Cold and warm

1.1 HYDROLOGY 344
2968. Use the pie chart above identifying A. Levee

ways that Georgia could use less water B. Delta
from the Chattahoochee River. Which con-
servation methods would likely have the C. Floodplain
greatest impact on reducing the amount of D. Meander
water that Georgia needs to use from the
Chattahoochee River? 2971. Movement of Earth around the sun.
A. Rotation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Revolution
2972. Water can pass through a sandstone

sample because the sample is
A. Washing full loads of laundry and A. permeable
dishes.
B. organic in origin
B. Watering plants and lawns wisely
C. composed of pebble-sized particles
along with taking shorter showers.
C. Installing low-flow or no-flow toilets D. well compacted and cemented
and turning off faucets while brushing 2973. Think of a place that gets lots of snow
teeth. in the winter. The snow stays frozen and
D. Taking shorter baths and using paper melts in the spring. What will happen
plates instead of washing dishes. to this place’s groundwater after all the
snow melts?
2969. What part of the water cycle does this
picture show? A. the amount of groundwater will de-
crease
B. the amount of groundwater will in-
crease
C. the amount of groundwater will not
change
A. condensation
2974. There are 2 cities in the U.S. that have
B. precipitation
the same latitude. City A and City B. Nor-
C. evaporation mally cities along the same lines of latitude
D. none of above would have the same climate because they
get the same amount of sunlight through-
2970. The land sitting next to the river banks out the year, but these cities have dif-
which often gets covered in water when ferent climates. City A is surrounded by
discharge is particularly high. land on all sides and City B is a beach city.
Which city has a cool climate and which city
has a warm climate? Explain.
A. City A has a warm climate because it is
surrounded by land and land absorbs and
radiates heat.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 345
B. City A has a cool climate because it is 2978. What do you call an underwater moun-
surrounded by land and land does not ab- tain made from magma?
sorb heat as fast as water does.

A. trench
C. City B has a warm climate because it B. abyssal plain
is close to water and water absorbs and
C. seamount
radiates heat.
D. volcanic island
D. City B has a cool climate because it is
close to water and water absorbs and ra- 2979. What process MOST LIKELY formed the
diates heat. water droplets on this can of soda?
2975. A is the starting point of the river.

A. source
B. tributaries
C. mouth
D. drainage basin
A. precipitation
2976. Depth-Area-Duration curves of precipi- B. transpiration
tation at a station would normally be
C. evaporation
A. Curves, concave upwards, with dura-
D. condensation
tion increasing outward
B. Curves, concave downwards, with du- 2980. As salinity increases
ration increasing outward
C. Curves, concave upwards, with dura-
tion decreasing outward
D. Curves, concave downward, with dura-
tion decreasing outward
2977. A small city gets its drinking water from

the river running through its center. This
river is fed by rivers that flow down the B. Density decreases
mountains nearby. How would excessive
2981. Which of the following lists water from
rainfall in the mountains most likely affect
the largest amount found on Earth to the
the turbidity of this local water source?
smallest amount?
A. Heavy rainfall would decrease the tur- A. groundwater, Glaciers/Ice caps,
bidity of the river downstream. Oceans
B. Heavy rainfall would increase the tur- B. Glaciers/Ice caps, Oceans, groundwa-
bidity of the river downstream. ter
C. Heavy rainfall would increase the tur- C. groundwater, Oceans, Glaciers/Ice
bidity of only rivers upstream. caps
D. Heavy rainfall would decrease the tur- D. Oceans, Glaciers/Ice Caps, groundwa-
bidity of only rivers upstream. ter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 346
2982. Which of the following describes 2987. Which of the following river basins is
waves? NOT located entirely in North Carolina?
A. the daily rise and fall of the ocean lev- A. Cape Fear
els cause by gravitational pull of the moon B. Noses
and sun on earth
C. Tar-Pamlico
D. I’m going to use it
ter caused by the wind
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. the stream like movement of water 2988. Transpiration
through a larger body of water A. decreases the temperature of the air
D. the ongoing cycle of water from the B. increases the temperature of the air
land to the atmosphere back to the
C. decreases water vapor in the air
ocean/land
D. adds water vapor to the air
2983. How much water is on land?
A. 33 cated?
B. 24 A. underground
C. 84 B. polar ice caps
D. 29 C. rivers and lakes
D. oceans
2984. An oil truck crashes on a highway and
the oil ends up in the local river is an ex- 2990. Compared to sample A, since B has a
ample of smaller amount of pore space
A. Thermal pollution
B. Non point source
C. Point source
D. none of above
2985. A gas turning into a liquid.

A. Condensation A. it will have faster rates of infiltration
B. Evaporation B. it will have slower rates of infiltration
C. Transpiration C. It will have the same rate of infiltration

D. It will have a shorter time needed to
D. Precipitation
infiltrate
2986. Which are storage areas for water? 2991. What are the 3Rs?
A. Atmosphere A. Reduce
B. Oceans B. Reuse
C. The Ground C. Recycle
D. Clouds D. All of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 347
2992. the process of a liquid slowly passing

through a porous substance.

A. Permeable
B. Percolation
C. Precipitation
D. none of above
A. rain
2993. What would cause some areas of the B. drizzle
ocean to have higher salinity than other
areas? C. freezing drizzle
A. A higher rate of precipitation D. dew
B. a higher rate of evaporation
2997. During neap tides, there is very dif-
C. a higher rate of condensation ference between high and low tides.
D. a higher rate of glacial melting A. Little
2994. Refer to the diagram above. Which of B. Great
the following accounts for the opposite di-
rection of the ocean currents in the North- 2998. Which best explains the relationship be-
ern and Southern hemisphere? tween water stored in the ocean and wa-
ter stored in groundwater?
A. Water from the ocean evaporates, con-
denses, and forms precipitation which en-
ters groundwater through the soil by infil-
tration, but groundwater enters the ocean
directly as discharge.
B. Water from the ocean enters ground-
A. longshore drift water directly through the soil by infiltra-
tion, but groundwater does not enter the
B. density ocean water.
C. Coriolis Effect
2999. What is settling velocity of gravel
D. moon’s gravity
2995. What do we call the flat portion of the

ocean floor?
A. Abyssal plain
B. Continental shelf
C. Seamount
A. approximately 900 cm/sec
B. approximately 20 cm/sec
2996. tiny drops of water that form on cool
C. Approximately 1 cm/sec
surfaces at night, when atmospheric vapor
condenses. D. Approximately 0.2 cm/sec

1.1 HYDROLOGY 348
3000. If you are careful about how much wa- B. The beginning amount of water in the
ter you use daily, then you are practicing container would be more than the ending
amount of water in the container because
A. water pollution the process of condensation increases the
water level.
B. water hardness
C. The beginning and ending amounts of
C. water quality water in the container would be equal be-
D. water conservation cause the water that was evaporated in-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
creased the water level but then came
3001. degrees back as precipitation which decreased the
A. axis water level again.
B. day D. The beginning and ending amounts of
C. tilt water in the container would be equal be-
cause the water that was evaporated de-
D. rotation
3002. A gently sloping, shallow area of the back as precipitation which increased the
ocean floor extending outward from the water level again.
edge of a continent
3005. are daily changes in ocean water.
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
3003. Water begins to evaporate when you

add to it.
A. cold
B. ice
C. water cycle
D. heat
A. Waters
3004. Refer to the diagram above of a stu-
dent’s lab setup of the water cycle. In this B. Tides
experiment, the total amount of water in- C. Colors
side the container is measured at the be-
ginning and then again after a full cycle has D. Earths
occurred. Which of the following best pre-
3006. What are the two main causes of ocean
dicts the outcome of the experiment and
currents?
explains why?
A. The beginning amount of water in the A. Earth’s rotation and waves
container would be less than the ending B. Wind and changes in density
C. Sunlight and water temperature
the water evaporated, decreasing the wa-
ter level. D. Underwater earthquakes and salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 349
3007. The mixing of cold Artic Ocean water C. impermeable

with warm surface Atlantic currents off D. solid
the northwestern coast of Europe causes

which effect? (think about Density) 3012. The ocean is an important natural re-
A. Sinking of water as it circulates South- source because of
west A. shipping, tourism, climate regulation,
B. Reversal of current direction back to- fisheries, and mining/oil drilling
ward the European coast B. organisms and warm waters
C. Rise in water salinity and upwelling of C. only drilling for oil
affected currents D. only oil and fisheries
D. Rapid evaporation and acceleration of
currents toward the pole 3013. What is the most abundant solid dis-
solved in seawater?
3008. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in A. Magnesium Chloride
the soil and rock layers is called
B. Calcium Chloride
A. transpiration
C. Potassium Chloride
B. groundwater
D. Sodium Chloride
C. runoff
3014. characteristic of materials such as sand
D. precipitation
and gravel that allow water to pass easily
3009. an alluvial deposit that forms by accre- through them.
tion on the inner side of an expanding loop
of a river.
A. Point Bar
B. Cutbank
C. Oxbow
D. Headwater A. Permeable
B. Unsaturated Zone
3010. Ocean currents formed near the equator
will be C. Impermeable
A. cold D. Aquifer Flow
B. warm 3015. drizzle is water drops with diameter

less than
3011. water collects in an aquifer because the
A. 0.1 mm
layer below it is
B. 0.5 mm
C. 0.1 nm
D. 0.5 nm
3016. Water in a stays in the same place

A. permeable and in a the water is actually moving.
B. transparent A. spring tide; neap tide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 350
B. tide; gravity B. not all places on earth have acces to

C. current; wave warm ocean water which is needed to cre-
ate the aerosol for the condenser
D. wave; current
C. the gas output of the desalination pro-
3017. The movement of cold, deep ocean wa- cess can cause underwater disturbances
ter to replace warm water at the surface and is an ecologic limitation
is called D. corrosion of the aerosolizer, con-
A. Surface current denser and pipelines make it cost pro-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. the Coriolis effect. hibitive; no one can afford to maintain the
desalination plant costs
C. The boy.
D. Upwelling 3021. True or False:Water exists in the follow-
ing states:-Solid-Liquid-Gas
3018. Which of the following is the formula for
discharge?
A. discharge = width x depth x velocity

B. discharge = stream load x depth x ve-
locity A. True
C. discharge = stream load x friction x B. False
velocity
3022. Marcus decides that he needs to change
D. discharge = width x depth x velocity x
some of his daily habits to conserve water
friction
in hopes of reducing his water bill. Which
3019. breaststroke of the following would be the best way to
A. Infiltration conserve water at his house?
B. Runoff A. Marcus should water his lawn during

the afternoons to reduce his water usage.
C. Watershed
B. Marcus should take shorter showers
D. Moisture to reduce his water usage.
3020. Given that millions of poeple are ar risk C. Marcus should wash dishes by hand
due to a lack of potable water, desalina- because water running in the sink is less
tion should be a real possibility. Of the than using a dishwasher even though it is
following answers, which limits the use of the same number of dishes.
more desalination plants worldwide? D. Marcus should not make any changes,
A. desalination plants are used locally the water bill changes no matter what he
and around the world does.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 351
3023. How many low tides occurred on 3027. The total amount of water on earth:
Wednesday? A. is fairly constant

B. is decreasing
C. depends on the weather
D. is increasing
A. 4 3028. Most algae would be found where in the
B. 3 ocean?
C. 2 A. abyssal plain
D. 0 B. continental shelf
C. continental slope
3024. What does a hydrologist do?
D. ocean trench
A. Design, plan, build and operate hy-
draulic works that are based on research 3029. The process in which sediments, soil and
that relies heavily on experimental re- rocks are added to a land form or land
sults. mass.
B. They apply scientific knowledge and A. erosion
mathematical principles to the solution of B. deposition
water rationing problems in society. C. mouth
3025. Water does not move, moves. D. divide
A. Water 3030. This is the largest ocean covering 30%
B. Energy of the surface of the Earth!!
C. Waves A. Atlantic Ocean
D. Fish B. Indian Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
3026. What percent of the Earth is covered by
water? D. Pacific Ocean
3031. What effect does the Coriolis Effect
have on Surface Currents?
A. Causes them to move south
B. Causes them to move in a circle
C. Causes them to move north
D. Only effects winds
3032. Where does the energy for the water
cycle come from?
A. 97% A. the crust
B. 3% B. the core
C. 1% C. the ocean
D. 71% D. the sun

1.1 HYDROLOGY 352
3033. Where would you find the hottest ocean B. they are both bodies of water that
water? stand still
A. Equator toward the bottom C. they are both saline bodies of water
B. Arctic Ocean toward the surface D. they are both flowing bodies of water
C. Equator toward the surface 3037. How much of the water on Earth is avail-
D. Arctic Ocean toward the bottom able for peoples’ every use?
A. More than 50%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3034. A diagram of air movement is shown be-
low. What does this diagram show? B. 28%
C. Less than 1%
D. 12%
3038. What technology is used to measure the

depth of the ocean?
A. submarine
A. hurricane B. sonic
B. land breeze C. sonar
C. tornado D. none of above
D. sea breeze
3039. Which of the following best describes
3035. In this cartoon below, what type of heat soil erosion?
energy transfer causes the sand to heat A. the breakdown of soil
up? B. the improvement of soil
A. Conduction C. the addition of soil
B. Radiation D. the movement of soil by wind or water
C. Convection
3040. What is permeability?
D. Evaporation
A. the inability of a rock or sediment to let
3036. What do streams and rivers have in fluids pass through
common? B. the ability to float
C. the ability of a rock or sediment to let
fluids pass through its open spaces, or
pores.
D. the inability to float
3041. Cold water is dense than warm wa-

ter
A. More
B. Less
A. they are both bodies of water that are C. equally

toxic to humans D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 353
3042. By which process does the heat from the

Sun reach Earth?

A. conduction
B. conduction
C. absorption
D. radiation
A. seaweed
3043. The volume of water moved by a stream
B. water depth
or river over a period of time.
C. coral
A. tributary
D. dolphin
B. gradient
3048. Scientist that study weather are called?
C. watershed
A. Meteorologist
D. discharge
B. Geologist
3044. What are tides caused by? C. Astrologist
D. Ecologist
A. The rotation of Earth and Earth’s grav-
ity 3049. What comes after evaporation during
B. The movement of the plates on the the water cycle? How does this occur?
ocean floor and shelf
C. The gravitational pull and interaction
of the Earth, Moon, and Sun
D. Strong winds that blow over ocean wa-
ters for short periods of time
A. Water evaporates into water vapor
3045. Which will most likely result if there is
an increased upwelling in coastal areas? B. Water vapor condenses and forms a
cloud
A. more aquatic life
C. Water precipitates to the ground
B. less nutrients in the water
D. Water runs down into the hydrosphere
C. higher water temperatures
3050. True or False?Sea level has risen and
D. fewer nitrates fallen again and again over time.
A. True
3046. TRUE or FALSE:All types of rocks will
weather at the same rate. B. False
A. FALSE 3051. Where does most of Earth’s weather oc-

cur?
B. TRUE
A. troposphere
3047. Abiotic factor in a marine biome B. thermosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 354
C. mesosphere
D. stratosphere
E. tropopause
3052. Consider the map above. Which area

would NOT be considered part of the Rio
Grande watershed? A. conduction
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. convection
C. radiation
D. commission
3056. The Gulf stream carries water from

the east coast of The United States to the
West coast of Europe.
A. Maryland
B. Virginia
A. Cold
C. Pennsylvania
B. Warm
D. New Jersey
C. Freezing
3053. Porosity is D. Fresh
Volume of total space
A. Volume of open space x100 3057. What determines the size of
Distance water travels snowflakes?
B. Time
A. humidity
Volume of open space
C. Volume of total space x100 B. the temperature
Time
D. Dis tan ce water travels C. both humidity and temperature
D. only the temperature
3054. What do hurricanes feed on?
3058. Which wells are dry?
A. warm tropical water
B. hot water
C. cold artic water
D. rain
3055. What type of heat transfer is shown in

the diagram? A. 2 4

1.1 HYDROLOGY 355
B. 1 5 3063. Spring tides cause very tides and

C. 2 3 very tides.

D. 3 5 A. high and low
B. neap and ocean
3059. Created by density differences from un-
equal heating of the ocean. 3064. Upper part of the zone of saturation.
A. surface water The dividing line between the zone of sat-
B. ocean currents uration and the zone of aeration
C. water table A. zone of saturation
D. groundwater B. zone of aeration
C. water table
3060. level of clarity of water; muddiness of
water D. none of above
A. nitrates and phosphates 3065. The material in the picture would be clas-
B. turbidity sified as:
C. dissolved oxygen
D. upwelling
3061. Which supports the theory that some
mountains were once at the bottom of an
ocean?
A. There are underwater mountains on
the ocean floor today.
B. Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean. A. permeable
C. Fossils of marine organisms are found B. impermeable
on the tops of some mountains.
3066. If an object can allow water to pass
D. Both mountains and ocean floors have through it is called
similar minerals in their rocks.
A. impermeable
3062. Off route 611, past Southside Easton, is B. permeable
a sewage treatment plant with a discharge
pipe into the Delaware River. Water flows C. salinity
North to South. After the pipe, oxygen D. a tide
drops downstream for awhile. Where
would I have the best chance to catch a 3067. Which of the following is true?
lot of trout and carp around the pipe? A. Water vapor condenses when it’s
A. Trout north of the pipe, carp south of cooled.
the pipe B. Water vapor evaporates when it’s
B. Carp north of the pipe, trout south of cooled.
the pipe C. Water vapor condenses when it’s
C. There would be no fish at all within 15 heated.
yards of either side of the pipe D. Water vapor evaporates when it’s
D. none of above frozen.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 356
3068. Most hurricanes C. If there is less groundwater stored be-

A. cannot be seen from space neath the surface then the amount of sur-
face water is likely to increase
B. cross exposed land
D. There is no connection between
C. become dangerous category 5 storms groundwater and surface water
D. lose their power when they move into
3073. How much of the water on earth is salt
cooler waters or moves over land
water?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3069. Label C A. 50%
B. 3%
C. 97%
D. 84%
A. continental slope 3074. In a stream, where does water move

the fastest?
A. On the outside
C. abyssal plain
B. In the middle
D. sea mount
3075. Which of the following is a way to con-
3070. Ole Faithful in Yellowstone National serve water?
Park is an example of a
A. Turn the faucet off when you brush
A. Geyser your teeth.
B. Zone of Saturation B. Water the lawn during the day.
C. Water Table C. Let leaky faucets drip.
D. none of above D. Take baths instead of showers.
3071. A narrow band of fast moving winds 3076. Density currents are often said to re-
high in the atmosphere semble a(n) because of how they dis-
A. Jet Stream tribute heat energy and oxygen.
B. doldrums A. ribbons
C. westerlies B. global heat distributer
D. polar easterlies C. heat distribution factor

D. global conveyor belt
3072. Which of the following statements is
true concerning groundwater and surface 3077. Virginia Beach experiences cooler sum-
water? mers and warmer winters than Springfield,
A. If there is more groundwater stored Illinois beause Virginia Beach (NOTE:both
beneath the surface then the amount of cities are the same latitude!)
surface water is likely to increase A. has a greater average yearly intensity
B. If there is more groundwater stored of insolation
beneath the surface then the amount of B. has a greater average yearly duration
surface water is likely to decrease of insolation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 357
C. is located closer to the equator 3083. At which point in the water cycle is liq-
uid water changing into water vapor?
D. is located closer to the Atlantic Ocea

3078. Ocean water contains dissolved ,
measure as salinity.
A. minerals
B. sediments
C. salt pans
D. salt
3079. It takes 24 hours for the Earth to make A. A

a single
B. B
A. Circle
C. C
B. Revolution D. D
C. Rotation
3084. How groundwater gets into the ground.
D. Orbit A. Infiltration
3080. An undersea mountain chain where new B. Hydration
ocean floor is produced. C. Steinhardtation
A. Mid ocean ridge D. Sublimation
B. Continental slope 3085. stronger winds means
C. Continental shelf A. smaller waves
D. none of above B. larger waves
C. warmer water
3081. Which area is found ABOVE the water
table? D. colder water
A. saturation zone 3086. What happens when water in an open

container absorbs heat?
B. groundwater zone
A. The water changes to a solid.
C. aeration zone
B. The water changes to a gas.
D. infiltration zone
C. The water stays the same.
3082. Which layer of the atmosphere contains D. The water becomes a new substance.
water vapor, clouds and is where weather
3087. What is the change from a gas to a liq-
happens?
uid called?
A. Troposphere A. Evaporation
B. Thermosphere B. Condensation
C. Mesosphere C. Precipitation
D. Stratosphere D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 358
3088. Which of the following may increase 3093. What are four steps to the water cycle?
river discharge? A. precipitation, evaporation, rain, and
A. Steep slopes sunlight
B. Vegetated land B. condensation, cloud formation, rain
and sunlight
C. Huge drainage basins
C. evaporation, condensation, precipita-
D. Permeable rocks
tion, and surface runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3089. The stage of the water cycle when wa- D. sun light, rain, surface runoff, and pre-
ter comes to the Earth is cipitation
A. percolation 3094. What atmospheric layer does our
B. precipitation weather occur in?
C. condensation A. Thermosphere
D. runoff B. Mesosphere
C. Trophosphere
3090. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water lo-
cated? D. Stratosphere
A. As ice in glaciers and ice caps. 3095. Small pieces of sediment that can be car-
B. As groundwater. ried by a flowing body of water
C. As water in lakes and rivers. A. Bed Load
D. As water vapor in the atmosphere. B. Suspended Load

C. Abrasive Load
3091. What is letter B?
D. Rolling Load
3096. What would cause the water table to

lower?
A. Cont. Shelf
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. Volcanic Island
D. Seamount A. Periods of low precipitation
3092. Because of the Earth’s rotation, currents B. Low rates of evaporation and transpi-
are deflected to the right in the Northern ration
Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern C. Increasing amounts of runoff
Hemisphere. This is called:
D. A heavy rainstorm with a lot of precip-
A. Upwelling itation
B. Salinity
3097. The process whereby the load carried by
C. Ocean Acidification a river is broken up is known as
D. Coriolis Effect A. corrosion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 359
B. dilution C. Hydrosphere
C. abrasion D. Adhesion

D. attrition
3103. Water found inside underground rocks.
3098. Marissa can float more easilyin ocean A. Groundwater
water than in swimming pool water. Why
B. Fresh water
is it easier for her to float in the ocean?
A. ocean water is more dense C. Salt Water
B. ocean water is deeper D. Permeable Water
C. there is a larger volume of ocean wa- 3104. When water moves faster
ter to float in
A. deposition increases
D. she has a smaller mass in the ocean
B. erosion decreases
water
C. erosion increases
3099. 90% of the life in the ocean lives in the
D. none of above
twilight zone.
A. True 3105. What is the zone that is totally filled
B. False with water
A. saturated zone
3100. mass/volume
B. watershed
A. geyser
C. aquifer
B. amplitude
D. unsaturated zone
C. crest
D. density 3106. What is a tributary?
3101. What most likely causes ocean waves? A. A stream that flows into the ocean di-
rectly
A. temperature differences in the water
B. A stream that flows in the opposite di-
B. density differences in the water rection
C. changes in sunlight C. A larger stream that flows into a
D. surface winds smaller stream
3102. A substance that dissolves many other D. A smaller stream that flows into a
substances larger stream
3107. What are mid ocean ridges and why are

they important?
A. volcanic islands that are still active
B. underwater volcanic mountain range
where seafloor spreading occurs
C. Part of the Himalayan mountain range
A. Universal Solvent
B. Water Vapor D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 360
3108. This is where the water table meets the

surface and groundwater flows out
A. spring
B. summer
C. fall
D. winter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. The moon
3109. Which will settle first? B. The heat from our home
A. dense particles C. The sun
B. less dense particles D. The heat from the core of the earth
C. all particles settle at the same rate 3113. The part of the ocean where ecosys-
tems do not rely on sunlight to create nu-
D. none of above trients, but instead rely on chemicals re-
leased from inside the Earth to sustain life
3110. Hurricanes increase in strength because
of
A. The intertidal zone
A. warm dry tropical air over the ocean. B. Around hydrothermal vents
B. cold moist air over the ocean. C. The deep zone
C. warm moist air over the ocean. D. The surface zone
D. cold dry air over the ocean. 3114. Which would we expect to find in a hu-
mid area?
3111. Which statement best explains why wa-
ter conservation is important for the fu-
ture?
A. Water waste and pollution will lead to
a greater amount of clean water for hu-
mans to use.
B. Water waster and pollution will in-
crease water rainfall.
C. Water waste and pollution will lead to A. The top stream
less water in rivers, oceans and streams.
B. The bottom stream
D. Water waste and pollution will lead to
a shorter amount of clean water for hu- 3115. What feature is shown as #3?
mans to use.
3112. What is the energy source that drives

the water cycle?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 361

C. abyssal plain
D. seamount
3116. This is when water falls back down to

A. infiltration
the earth as rain, hail, sleet or snow
B. groundwater
A. partnership
C. runoff
B. promotion
D. watershed
C. precipitation
E. surface water
D. participation
3120. What is it called when liquid water
3117. There is only 3% of freshwater on Earth turns into a gas?
but only 1% is accessible right now. Why
can’t we access the other 2%?
A. who said we can’t access the other A. Condensation

2%? B. Evaporation
B. the other 2% is not clean due to pollu- C. Infiltration
tion
D. Precipitation
C. the other 2% is locked away in glaciers
and ice caps 3121. Which statement best explains how soil
is built up on floodplains?
D. the other 2% is in the form of clouds
and we can’t drink clouds A. Farmers add fertilizer, which makes
new soil
3118. A description of land surface area with
B. Soil is deposited by rivers during
reference to variation in elevation
floods
A. Glacier C. Plants break down into compost, in-
B. River creasing the amount of soil
C. Topography D. Soil is removed by periodic flooding
D. Saltwater 3122. The picture below shows the polar ice
E. Ocean caps in theArctic sea.What will happen
to the ice caps if the Sun’senergy gets
3119. What term matches best with #9? stronger?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 362
3126. The weather forecast is 95* F with 80*

humidity and the air pressure will be high.
Which three instruments will you use to
predict this forecast?
A. hygrometer, wind vane, satellite im-
age
A. The ice will become much colder, caus-
ingclouds to form less rainfall. B. barometer, anemometer, hygrometer
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The ice will become water, then the C. thermometer, barometer, hygrometer
water willbecome vapor. D. thermometer, wind vane, anemometer
C. The ice will become much harder, caus-
ingclouds to form more rainfall. 3127. Which is NOT an igneous rock?
D. The ice will become vapor, then the va- A. coal

por willbecome water. B. granite
3123. Currents are deflected to the in the C. pumice

Southern Hemisphere. D. obsidian
A. right 3128. Use the diagram of the geographical fea-
B. south tures found in the ocean below to answer
C. left any questions that follow. What symbol-
izes a trench?
D. north
3124. The diagram represents the water cycle.
Which of the following points represents
evaporation?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
A. Point 1 3129. If its in the Northern hemisphere,
B. Point 2 then its summer in the Southern hemi-
sphere.
C. Point 3
A. spring
D. Point 4
B. summer
3125. What 2 factors can decrease the salinity
C. fall
of the water?
D. winter
A. freezing and evaporation
B. multing and precipitation, rivers 3130. The highest salinity would be found in
C. freezing and rivers which of the following areas?
D. the moon’s gravitational pull and pre- A. an area with high rates of precipitation
cipitation B. an area with high rates of evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 363
C. an area with plenty of runoff C. an increase in the slope of the land

D. all of the above D. an increase in the amount of precipita-

tion
3131. Water never leaves the earth. It is
constantly being cycled through the at- 3136. When oil, antifreeze, pesticides are
mosphere, ocean and land. This process, poured on the ground, they are harmful be-
known as the Water Cycle is driven by cause they the groundwater.
what?
A. freeze
A. Moon Phases
B. help
B. Tides
C. pollute
C. Ocean Currents
D. clean
D. The Sun
3137. What letter is B?
3132. What is the weathering process in
which rocks are broken down into smaller
pieces (sediments) and do not change the
rock composition?
A. Acid weathering
B. Gravity weathering A. Cont. Shelf
C. Chemical weathering B. Cont. Slope
D. Mechanical weathering C. Cont. Rise
D. AbyssalPlain
3133. This zone in the ocean is marked by a
rapid temperature change in depth and is 3138. When run off water seeps into the rock
300-800 m below sea level. and soil and fill it, what process would this
A. Surface Zone represent?
B. Deep Zone A. evaporation
C. Thermocline Zone B. transpiration
D. none of above C. condensation
3134. Water in clouds is in this state D. infiltration
A. Gas 3139. Which best describes the source of oxy-

B. Liquid gen in ocean water?
C. Solid A. Oxygen is produced by marine plants

in the process of making food.
D. Nebraska
B. Oxygen is produced through the exha-
3135. Which would cause a rise in the water lations of marine animals.
table? C. Oxygen is produced through precipita-
A. a decrease in the amount of surface tion falling on the ocean.
area covered by vegetation D. Oxygen is produced by nodules on the
B. a decrease in the amount of infiltration ocean floor.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 364
3140. What feature is shown as #5? D. runoff washes harmful pollutants into
the ocean
3145. What does the continental margin con-

sist of?
A. island A. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift

valleys, trenches and seamounts
B. mid-ocean ridge
B. Abyssal plain, mid-ocean ridges, rift
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. abyssal plain valleys, trenches and the continental
D. volcano shelf.
3141. The process by which water, ice, wind C. Continental shelf and the continental
or gravity moves weathered rock and soil slope
from one place to another. D. Abyssal plain, seamounts, continental
A. weathering shelf and continental slope
B. erosion 3146. Which is an effect of pollution?
C. deposition A. increased turbidity
D. dump truck
B. decreased turbidity
3142. Which of the following pollutants is an C. increased freshwater
example of point source pollution?
D. decreased freshwater
A. Acid Rain
B. Fertilizer runoff from neighborhood 3147. The salts in the sea come from
lawns A. weathering and erosion of rocks.
C. Gasoline & Salts from city streets B. Acid rain
D. Wastewater from a broken sewer pipe C. particles falling from space.
3143. What is one of the main features of D. organisms living in the sea.
Karst topography?
3148. Where is the water table located?
A. a sinkhole
B. disappearing streams A. at the top of the saturated zone
C. karst springs B. between layers of impermeable rock

D. stalactites and stalagmites C. in the unsaturated zone
D. below layers of clay
3144. What is the origin of most of the salt in
the ocean? 3149. More than 75% of precipitation falls on
A. dissolved minerals from rocks are de- the
posited by rivers and streams
A. land
B. they are deposited into the ocean by
B. continent of North America
rain clouds
C. oceans
C. it is released from melting glaciers and
ice caps D. continent of Asia

1.1 HYDROLOGY 365
3150. When water soaks the ground it be- 3156. Which level of the atmosphere do you
comes groundwater through what pro- see weather, clouds, rain, etc?
cess?

A. troposphere
A. Runoff
B. thermosphere
B. Infiltration
C. mesosphere
C. Transpiration
D. exosphere
D. none of above
3151. What is the name of the current that 3157. How do bacteria reproduce?
bring warm weather to Western Europe? A. Binary fission
A. the Gulf Stream B. Binary fusion
B. the Pineapple Express
3158. What is the meaning of conduction?
C. the California Current
D. the Eastern Florida Current A. when heat transfers from objects that
are not touching
3152. Which source of energy drives the wa- B. heat rise
ter cycle?
C. cold fall
A. Sunlight
B. Geothermal energy D. when heat transfers from objects that
are touching
C. Wind
D. Gravity 3159. When salt is dissolved in water, water
is the
3153. Which letter in the picture represents
the Abyssal Plain?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
3154. What process is occurring at image 4 A. solvent

A. Infiltration
B. solute
B. Evaporation
C. solution
C. Surface Runoff
D. reactant
D. Precipitation
3160. Which factor Mostly causes waves?
3155. As salinity increases-density
A. decreases A. The wind
B. increases B. The moon

C. stays the same C. Earthquakes
D. none of these D. The Coriolis Effect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 366
3161. What is a birthplace of stars called? A. water table

B. aquifer
C. watershed
D. river
3166. How much of Earth’s water is Freshwa-
ter?
A. 97%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. 1%
A. Black hole
C. 3%
B. Supernova D. none of above
C. Nursery
3167. Which way can you NOT conserve wa-
D. Nebula ter?
3162. What ocean floor feature is represented A. Leave the water running
by letter E? B. Turn the water off while you brush your
teeth
C. Turn the shower off when you get out
D. Fill up your sink with water an wash
your dishes with that water
A. continental shelf 3168. What weather event would cause the

highest waves?
A. tornadoes
C. ocean trench
B. rain
D. abyssal plain C. storms
3163. Cold ocean currents generally come from D. Hurricanes
A. The North Pole 3169. All of the following are nonrenewable
B. The South Pole resources EXCEPT
C. The Equator A. Coal
D. Both the North and South Poles B. animals

C. petroleum (oil)
3164. Which is NOT a source of rivers?
D. natural gas
A. natural spring
3170. A place where the water table inter-
B. melted ice and snow sects the ground surface and where a nat-
C. rain water ural flow of groundwater results is called:
D. volcano A. a spring.
B. a geyser.
3165. An underground layer of permeable rock
that holds groundwater which can be ex- C. an aquatard.
tracted by drilling a well. D. a fissure.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 367
3171. The triangular deposition of sediment B. because it receives water directly

that forms where a stream/river enters from precipitation
a large body of water, such as a lake or

C. because it rises to the surface near the
ocean, is called ocean
D. because pollutants are filtered by rock
and soil deep within the Earth
3175. As elevation , the average annual

temperature
A. increases, stays the same
B. decreases, increases
C. increase, increases
A. Alluvial fan D. decreases, decreases
B. Delta 3176. The phase change from water vapor to

C. Flood plain liquid water is known as
D. Meander
3172. The movement of Energy through a body

of water is called a
A. current
B. neap tide
C. spring tide A. evaporation
D. waves B. precipitation
3173. How do dams help with flood control? C. condensation
A. Increase the amount of water a chan- D. sublimation
nel can hold
3177. What IS Streamflow/Discharge of a
B. Store flood water then let it out slowly stream/river?
3174. Why is water from an aquifer more
likely to be cleaner than water from other
sources?
A. The amount of water that is found in a

channel
A. because it forms where fresh and salt- B. The volume of water moving in a chan-
water meet. nel in a unit of time (m3/sec)

1.1 HYDROLOGY 368
C. The cross-sectional area of water 3182. Over many years, technology has en-
across a transect abled us to explore the ocean floor. Which
D. The average depth x the average width is not a may that the ocean floor can be
across a transect safely explored
A. by using submersibles
3178. Which part of a river is formed due to
B. by using satellites and radar
erosion and deposition?
C. by using sonar on ships
A. tributaries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. deep sea divers
B. meanders
C. source 3183. What consequence could an exponen-
tially growing human population have on
D. mouth drinking water?
3179. Label E A. could cause an increase in cases of wa-
terborne diseases
B. . It could cause a decrease in the need
for water to survive.
3184. What causes the Coriolis Effect?

A. The spin of the earth
B. the sun
C. the moon
A. Evporation D. gravity
B. Condensation 3185. Water that soaks into the ground is re-
C. Collection/Accumulation ferred to as
D. Precipitation A. condensation
B. runoff
3180. Warming ocean water rises because the
density C. groundwater
A. increases D. precipitation
B. stays the same 3186. Which type of ocean movement can be
C. decreases caused by wind or differences in density
and can also be diverted by the Coriolis ef-
D. none of above fect?
3181. Which Process involves small pebbles A. Current
and stones being bounced along the river B. Wave
bed?
C. Tide
A. Solution
D. none of above
B. Traction
3187. True or False:Increasing the surface area
C. Saltation of a rock will decrease the rate of weath-
D. none of the above ering.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 369
A. TRUE 3192. Which of the following describes a

seamount?
B. FALSE

A. Ocean floor at the edge of a continen-
3188. Contamination that enters the environ- tal margin
ment through a specific traceable means, B. Underwater mountain range
such as a sewage plant pipe:
C. Sediment piled at the base of the con-
A. Point Source Pollution tinental slope
B. Non-Point Source Pollution D. Underwater volcano that is more than
1 km high
C. Plankton
D. Benthos 3193. Water when it freezes, resulting in
water that floats on the top of a lake.
3189. The world’s oceans, centering approxi- A. expands, less dense
mately on the North Pole.
B. contracts, denser
C. contracts, lighter
D. expands, thinner
3194. The change of a substance from a liquid

to a gas
A. Evaporation
B. Heat of Vaporization
A. Atlantic Ocean C. Precipitation
B. Arctic Ocean D. Condensation
C. Pacific Ocean E. Salinity
D. Indian Ocean 3195. Snow falling from the clouds is a form
of:
3190. What happens to salinity as water
depth INCREASES? A. Transpiration
B. Precipitation
A. It stays the same.
C. Evaporation
B. It decreases.
D. Condensation
C. It increases.
3196. Which is the best reason for monitor-
D. none of above
ing local water availability in the hydro-
sphere?
3191. Water stored in cracks and pores below
the Earth’s surface is called A. to be aware of impending droughts
A. groundwater B. to measure exact levels of well water
B. runoff C. to predict the best fishing ponds and

lakes
C. precipitation
D. to determine the latest precipitation
D. surface water amounts

1.1 HYDROLOGY 370
3197. Which is an example of condensation? 3202. Which feature forms from the processes
A. water boiling in a pot of plate tectonics when one plate is sub-
ducted under another less dense plate?
B. water being absorbed by plants (DOK 3)
C. salt being removed from water
D. moisture on mirror after hot shower
3198. The process of eutrophication happens
NARAYAN CHANGDER
very quickly.
A. True A. A
B. False B. B
3199. When is seawater the densest? C. G
A. when salinity is high and its tempera- D. D
ture is high
3203. the deepest part of the ocean
B. when salinity is low and its tempera-
A. trenches
ture is high
B. abyssal plain
C. when salinity is high and its tempera-
ture is low C. ocean basin
D. when salinity is low and its tempera- D. rift
ture is low
3204. About 30% of Earth land, the rest is
3200. According to the diagram, what is the covered in water. What percentage of
correct order for the water cycle? that water is fresh?
A. 3%
B. 97%
C. 37%
D. 79%
3205. What is the process of water vapor

changing into liquid water?
A. runoff, condensation, precipitation, A. Evaporation
evaporation
B. Transpiration
B. precipitation, runoff, condensation,
evaporation C. Condensation
C. precipitation, runoff, evaporation, con- D. Infiltration

densation 3206. are streams of moving water in the
D. precipitation, condensation, evapora- ocean.
tion, runoff A. currents
3201. Sheet flow can be described as B. waves
A. run off the occurs in layers C. tides
B. run off the occurs in streams D. Coriolis effect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 371
3207. When water moves slower B. Alkalinity

A. deposition increases C. Acidity

B. deposition decreases D. Affinity
C. erosion increases
D. none of above 3212. How many valence electrons does oxy-
gen have?
3208. Deep-diving submarines have helped sci-
entists learn that photosynthesis does not A. 2
take place in the deeper parts of the ocean. B. 4
Which of the following explains why pho-
tosynthesis does not occur very deep in C. 5
the ocean? D. 6
3213. Sources of water pollution include all of

the following EXCEPT:
A. there is no oxygen
B. there is no glucose
C. there is no sunlight
D. there is no nitrogen
3209. convection currents that flow far be-

neath the surface of the ocean. they are A. Suburban homes
caused by temperature differences in the
B. Farms and golf courses
water, and the earth’s rotation
A. continental slope C. Parking lots and city streets
B. Atlantic Ocean D. Water treatment plants
C. deep ocean currents E. Factories
3214. A local government is considering
3210. Of all the water on planet Earth, what whether to build a dam. Which is an ad-
percentage is freshwater? vantage of building this structure
A. 3%
A. It can decrease the accumulation of
B. 30% sediment in the water.
C. 97% B. It can improve the natural habitat of
D. 0.4% plants and animals.
3211. The measure of the amount of salt in wa- C. It is an inexpensive process.

ter D. It can create a storage place for wa-
A. Salinity ter.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 372
3215. What happens to temperature in the 3219. What is the world most usable water?
stratosphere? A. Glacier and Ice
A. Temperature decreases as altitude in- B. Lake and Rivers
creases because ozone layer is being de- C. Aquifers
pleted by greenhouse gases.
D. Streams and ponds
B. Temperature increases as altitude in-
creases because greenhouse gases rise 3220. What is it called when creeks and
to the Stratosphere and are trapped by smaller rivers join together to make a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the ozone layer. larger river?
C. Temperature increases and then de-
creases as altitude increases.
D. Temperature decreases and then in-
creases as altitude increases.
3216. What percent of Earth’s total water is

salt water?
A. River Systems
A. 97% B. Watershed
B. 3% C. topography
C. 77% D. ground water
D. 22% 3221. Streams become narrower and speed up
as the move down the watershed.
3217. How will a river flowing into the ocean
affect the oceans salinity? A. True
B. False
A. The ocean’s salinity will be unchanged
B. It will increase the oceans salinity
C. It will change the course of ocean cur-
rents
D. It will reduce the oceans salinity

how the density of ocean water can be in- A. Atlantic Ocean
creased?
B. Indian Ocean
A. . Increasing the temperature / de- C. Southern Ocean
creasing the salinity
D. Pacific Ocean
B. Decrease the temperature / increase
the salinity 3223. How are salts added to the ocean?
C. Increasing the temperature / increas- A. precipitation

ing the salinity B. evaporation
D. Decreasing the temperature / de- C. erosion from land
creasing the salinity D. density

1.1 HYDROLOGY 373
3224. How is dew formed? B. river basin

A. Transpiration C. run-off

B. Evaporation D. tributaries
C. Infiltration 3229. What happens when velocity is
D. Condensation 10cm/sec
3225. which moons will cause spring tides (se-

lect all that apply)
A. new moon
B. full moon
C. 1st quarter moon A. Boulders are transported
D. 3rd quarter moon B. Pebbles are transported
3226. Earth has a variety of environments. C. Gravel is transported
Each has different resources. The glaciers D. Sand is transported
in Antarctica
3230. What are the position of the earth,
moon, and sun during a spring tide?
A. In a straight line
B. In a right angle
C. In a circle
D. none of above
3231. Using the diagram, label the correct pro-
A. provide salt water that maintain the pH
cess for the water cycle for #15
of ocean water
B. influence worldwide water tempera-
tures
C. prevent volcanic eruptions in Antarc-
tica
D. cause air currents to rise over the
South Pole
A. evaporation
3227. What happens after the vernal B. condensation
equinox? C. precipitation
A. The days get longer D. transpiration
B. The days get shorter
3232. The land on the side of the mountain
C. The days stay the same length range is in the rain shadow.
D. The earth moves closer to the sun A. Cold
3228. Smaller streams that flow into a river B. windward
are known as C. Cloud covered
A. watersheds D. leeward

1.1 HYDROLOGY 374
3233. Sea breezes happen A. surface runoff

A. At night B. transpiration
B. During the day C. evaporation
C. At night and during the day D. accumulation
D. none of above
3238. Where is the best place to put a well?
3234. When two air masses meet, they form A. Zone of aeration
a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. zone of saturation
A. Smaller Mass
C. bedrock
B. Front
D. impermeable layer
C. Bigger Mass
D. none of above 3239. What type of water is ocean water?
A. Drinking water
3235. Where is most water found on Earth?
B. salt water
A. glaciers
C. Ground water
B. lakes
D. Fresh water
C. rivers
D. oceans 3240. The two hydrographs show an urban
and forest area. Which one shows an ur-
3236. Which location in the diagram above is ban area?
most likely to have the greatest pressure,
the coldest temperature and the greatest
density?
A. A
A. 1
B. B
B. 2
C. 3 3241. Which is the main source of dissolved
oxygen in the ocean?
D. 4
A. underwater earthquakes
3237. What step of the Water Cycle is letter
E? B. decay of living organisms
C. animals that live near the surface
D. plants and algae that live near the sur-
face
3242. Where does the bulk of our water use

go towards?
A. Agriculture

1.1 HYDROLOGY 375
B. Industry A. Clouds
C. Personal B. Mountains

D. none of above C. Transpiration
3243. When specific information about the D. Valleys
density of snowfall is not available, the
3247. What causes subsidence?
water equivalent of snowfall is taken as:
A. Excessive withdrawal of water from a
A. 50%
well
B. 30%
B. Excessive withdrawal of water from an
C. 10% aquifer
D. 90% C. Too much water in a well
3244. Seawater is typically denser than fresh- D. Too much water in an aquifer
water due to seawaters-
3248. Why do objects sink or float in water?
A. greater depth
A. Because their densities are higher or
B. smaller mass
lower than compared to water
C. higher salinity
B. Because their densities are using grav-
D. lower freezing point ity to pull down
3245. Approximately 99.7% of all water on C. Because their densities are heavier or
Earth is found in oceans, seas, ice, and the lighter
atmosphere. Based on this information, D. Because their mass and volumes are
which statement is most accurate? equal
A. The Earth’s freshwater supply is infi-
nite. 3249. An area of weak winds found close to
the equator is the
B. Less than 0.3% of Earth’s water is
drinkable. A. polar easterlies
C. Humans are not dependent on ocean B. prevailing westerlies
water. C. trade winds
D. The water cycle returns all usable wa- D. doldrums
ter to the sea.
3250. Ocean water is healthy for drinking.
3246. What are formed when water vapor
condenses and come together? A. true
B. false
3251. What percent of the Earth’s water is

fresh water?
A. 30%
B. 70%
C. 3%
D. 97%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 376
3252. Which type of air would you find at air A. A

mass D? B. B
C. C
D. none of above
3256. Which two letters show low tide?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. cold, dry
B. warm, humid
A. C and D
C. warm, dry
B. D and B
D. cold, humid
C. A and C
3253. The rise and fall of the sea level is
D. B and C
A. Waves
B. Surface Currents 3257. The hot “line” around the center of the
earth is called the
C. Tides
A. Equilibrium
D. Deep ocean Currents
B. Equator
3254. Which is the most common way to ac-
C. Tropic of Cancer
cess freshwater resources?
D. Tropic of Capricorn
A. runoff
B. digging wells 3258. What is a partially enclosed body of
C. melting of glaciers brackish water (fresh and salt water mix-
ture) that serves as a tidal barrier to the
D. geysers mainland as well as a “nursery” for innu-
3255. Which letter label in the picture refers to merable aquatic species?
a layer of porous rock filled with ground- A. river basin
water. B. swamp
C. estuary
D. aquifer
3259. The gently sloping, shallow ocean floor

extending out from the edge of a continent
is know as the
C. Intertidal zone
D. Abyssal plain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 377
3260. What is a river basin? 3265. The time it takes a flood wave to move
A. the water in a river downstream

A. Falling limb
B. land that water flows across or under
on its way to a river B. Make an appointment
C. land around smaller streams, lakes, or C. Infiltration rate
ponds D. Drainage time
D. the channel that a river flows in
3266. When do the greatest tidal ranges oc-
3261. Run off is more likely to occur when cur?
A. the ground is unsaturated A. Neap tides
B. the gradient is gentle B. Spring tides
C. the is sparse vegetation C. Fall tides
D. the rainfall is gentle D. high tides
3262. A battery converts energy into elec- 3267. Avoiding building on a floodplain should
trical energy for human use. be done
A. chemical A. Before a flood
B. kinetic B. During a flood
C. sound C. After a flood
D. light D. While the floodwaters are receeding
3263. How would you classify layer A? 3268. A large stream of water that moves
through the ocean is called a
A. longshore drift
B. current
C. tide
D. wave
3269. rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from

A. impermeable the clouds
B. zone of saturation A. Transpiration
C. aquifer B. Evaporation
D. permeable C. Precipitation
D. Water Cycle
3264. The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes,
rivers, and glaciers makes up the hydro- 3270. What causes deep currents?
sphere.
A. Differences in the density of ocean wa-
A. true ter.
B. false B. Strong winds.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 378
3271. What is the Sun’s role in the Water Cy-

cle?
A. To provide light for the cycle
B. To provide energy to drive the cycle
C. o produce precipitation during the cy-
cle
D. To cause the water to condense in the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cycle A. Choice 1
B. Choice 2
3272. Which percentage represents the
amount of freshwater on Earth? C. Choice 3
A. 3% D. Choice 4
B. 5% 3276. What is the deepest part of the ocean
C. 71% basin?
D. 97% A. abyssal plains
B. trenches
3273. Surface currents are caused by
C. rift zones
A. wind
D. mid-ocean ridge
B. changes in temperature
C. changes in salinity 3277. The photograph below shows a val-
ley.Which agent of erosion most likely pro-
D. changes in density
duced this valley’s shape?
3274. Where is the most freshwater found on
Earth?
A. blowing wind
B. ocean waves
A. Surface water like lakes and rivers
C. moving ice
B. glaciers
D. running water
C. oceans
D. ground water (aquifers) 3278. Which best describes the water in an es-
tuary?
3275. Which graph shows the effect of soil
A. fresh
permeability on the amount of runoff in an
area? B. brackish

1.1 HYDROLOGY 379
3279. What is the water cycle? B. glaciers

C. oceans

D. rivers
3283. The Catskills of New York State are best
described as a plateau, while the Adiron-
dacks are best described as mountains.
Which factor is responsible for the differ-
A. The continuous movement of water
ence in landscape classification of these
from the ocean to the atmosphere to the
two regions?
land and back to the ocean
A. climate variations
B. Any form of water that falls from
clouds and reaches Earth’s surface. B. bedrock structure
C. The change of a liquid to a gas C. vegetation type
D. The change of state from a gas to a liq- D. bedrock age

uid 3284. Ocean currents formed near the poles
will be
3280. Which atmospheric condition is created
by evaporation? A. cold
A. Fog B. warm
B. Frost 3285. What are the main sources of salt in the
C. Humidity oceans.
D. Dew A. underwater volcanic activity

B. weathering and erosion of land by
3281. is a tool used to measure air pres- rivers
sure.
C. precipitation from clouds
A. anemometer
D. melting of glaciers
B. barometer E. hydrothermal vents dissolving miner-
C. thermometer als
D. hygrometer 3286. How many official oceans are there?
3282. Where is most of the freshwater found A. 3
on Earth? B. 5
C. 4
D. 7
A. lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 380
A. infiltration
B. runoff
C. surface water
D. groundwater
E. transpiration
A. Neritic Zone
3288. Refer to the diagram above. Which of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the following questions can best be an- B. Oceanic Zone
swered by the data presented in the graph C. Intertidal Zone
above?
D. none of above
A. Does temperature decrease as depth
increases? 3292. Nitrates are a form of nitrogen that
B. Does temperature decrease as the plants use for growth.
depth decreases? A. True
C. Does density decrease as tempera- B. False
ture increases?
3293. Most of Earth’s freshwater is trapped
D. Does density decrease as salinity de-
in
creases?
A. ice/glaciers
3289. The water table is the top level of B. rocks
groundwater. Which of the following
might change the depth of the water ta- C. the sink
ble? D. oceans
A. rainfall
3294. What is saturation?
B. human consumption
A. a hole drilled into the zone of satura-
C. drought tion
D. all of the above B. when the ground cannot absorb any-
more water.
3290. What is a similarity between cohesion
and adhesion C. the area where groundwater can beex-
tracted
A. Both show attractive properties
D. the area where groundwater can beex-
B. Both show hydrophilic properties tracted
C. Both deal with the hydrogen atom in a
water molecule. 3295. In which way do most warm currents
move?
D. none of above
A. away from the poles
3291. An area that stretches from the highest B. away from the equator
high-tide line on land out to the point on
C. to the deep ocean
the continental shelf exposed by the low-
est low tide. D. towards the equator

1.1 HYDROLOGY 381
3296. What are the three ways sediment is 3301. The large flat, almost level area of the
transported? ocean floor

A. Bed load A. Guyot
B. Dissolved Load B. Ocean Floor
C. Suspended Loads C. Abyssal Plain
D. Condensing D. Seamount
3297. Which factor determines whether pre- 3302. The energy source that powers Earth’s
cipitation will be in the form of rain or water cycle is
snow?
A. Radiation from Earth’s core
A. wind
B. The Sun’s gravity
B. humidity
C. Earth’s rotation
C. air pressure
D. Heat from the sun
D. temperature
3303. Which organism forms the base of a ma-
3298. How might a long-term decrease in pre-
rine food web?
A. crab
A. could increase the average water level
of lakes in the area B. whale
B. could decrease the amount of infiltra- C. phytoplankton
tion possible in the area.
D. zooplankton
3299. Which will most likely cause changes to
3304. The amount of heat needed to increase
estuary habitats on a global scale?
the temperature of a certain mass of sub-
A. decreases in powerful hurricanes stance by 1◦ C
B. decreased in volcanic eruptions
C. increases in earthquakes
D. increases in sea level
3300. What does the quantity of groundwater

that can be stored depend upon?
A. It depends upon the porosity of the un-
derground rock. A. Aquifer
B. It depends upon the pH of the ground- B. Salinity
water.
C. Specific Heat
C. It depends upon the underground
D. Unsaturated Zone
depth of the storage system.
D. It depends upon the temperature of 3305. What is the relationship for the vari-
the underground rock. ables given in the image?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 382
B. condensation
C. preservation
D. recycling
3308. the movement of energy from a warmer
object to a cooler object
A. climate
B. heat transfer
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. salinity
D. weather
A.
3309. When it is March in the Southern Hemi-
sphere, it is in the Northern Hemi-
sphere.
A. February
B. March
C. April
D. July
B.
3310. which is not the aquaculture pond by hy-
drological type
A. watershed pond
B. embankment pond
C. concrete pond
D. excavated ponds
3311. Compared to deep currents, surface cur-
C. rents are
A. colder and less dense
B. warmer and more dense
C. colder and more dense
D. none of above D. warmer and less dense
3306. What creates a flood? 3312. Look at the picture. What process is
A. too much weathering happening in X?
B. too much water
C. too much erosion
D. too much wind
3307. the protection of resources from pollu-

tion or damage
A. conservation A. evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 383
B. condensation 3318. If an area is humid, what is it?

C. precipitation A. Wet

D. run-off B. Dry
3313. As more people have moved to the C. Solid

beach, the sea turtle population has de- D. Cold
creased. Which is most likely the cause
of this decrease? 3319. One year is
A. habitat loss A. 355 days
B. tropical storms B. 355 1/4 days
C. increase in preditors C. 365 days
D. warmer temperature D. 365 1/4 days
3314. Piped discharges from local municipal 3320. Which results from the unequal heating
wastewater treatment plants of the ocean water of Earth?
A. Point A. a constant sea level
B. Non-Point B. changes in tidal patterns

C. unchanging climate for all regions of
3315. In what direction does an undertow Earth
flow?
D. changes in ocean current patterns
A. same direction as the wave
3321. The following map represents North
B. right angles to the wave
Carolina’s river basins:Which river is likely
C. parallel to the wave to impact the Atlantic estuaries if it be-
D. opposite direction as the wave comes polluted?
3316. On which kind of day would you expect

the most evaporation from the surface of
a pond?
A. warm, sunny
B. cold, sunny
C. warm, rainy A. Catawba
D. cold, rainy B. Broad
C. I am
3317. the process in which water falls to
Earth’s surface in the form of rain, sleet, D. White Oak
hail or snow 3322. The place where the river end in the sea
A. infiltration or large lake is called the
B. precipitation A. source
C. condensation B. tributaries
D. evaporation C. mouth
E. transpiration D. drainage basin

1.1 HYDROLOGY 384
3323. How does temperature affect levels of A. A full moon causes high tides, a new
dissolved oxygen (DO)? mooncauses low tides, and other phases
A. Warm water holds more oxygen of the Mooncause tides that rise and fall.
B. Cold water holds less oxygen B. The force of the Moon’s gravity pulls
oceanwater along a beach or harbor up
C. Temperature does not affect DO into a high tidefor a few hours and then
D. Cold water holds more oxygen lets it drop to low tide.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. The pull of the Moon’s gravity causes
3324. What is most responsible for the pres-
oceanwater to bulge out, and the tidal
ence of groundwater in an area?
bulge movesaround the world as the Earth
A. the movement of water from a con- rotates and theMoon orbits Earth.
fined aquifer into surface water
D. When the Moon is over an ocean beach
B. the movement of surface water and orharbor at night, the tide in that place
precipitation through soil and rock forms ahigh tide and it forms a low tide
C. the movement of water form streams when the Moonis not visible during the
and rivers into watersheds day.
D. the movement of surface water 3328. Lush tropical region that receives lots of
through impermeable rock rainfall and supports a wide variety of life.
3325. What process happens at D? A. rainforest
B. desert
C. tundra
D. temperate forest
3329. Water’s chemical formula is H2O. What

does this mean?
A. Water is composed of hydrogen
molecules and oxygen molecules.
A. Evaporation
B. A gram of water contains 20 hydrogen
B. Condensation
atoms.
C. Precipitation
C. Each water molecule contains two hy-
D. Runoff drogen atmos and one oxygen atom.
3326. What is it called when smaller streams D. Water molecules can not be split into
join together to make a larger river? smaller pieces.
A. Tributaries 3330. The two categories of ocean currents
B. Topography are
C. Watershed A. salinity, temperature
D. Groundwater B. density, temperature
3327. Which statement best explains how the C. surface, deep

Mooncauses tides? D. freshwater, saltwater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 385
3331. The largest ocean is the 3335. This ocean is found in the northern hemi-
A. Southern Ocean sphere; is the coldest and is 7% the size
of the Pacific Ocean.

B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean A. Pacific Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean B. Arctic Ocean
3332. What is the role of the sun in the water C. Indian Ocean
cycle?
D. Atlantic Ocean
3336. In science class, lab partners are design-

ing an experiment that shows the impor-
procedures could BEST be used to demon-
tion and evaporation?
A. provide heat energy for evaporation ners must increase the temperature
B. provide heat energy for condensation within the cycle; to show evaporation,
C. dry out the soil for runoff to occur
D. provide thermal energy for accumula- B. To show condensation, the lab part-
tion ners must maintain a constant tempera-
3333. What is B? they must increase the temperature
A. Evaporation they must decrease the temperature.
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation 3337. Which term refers to an area at the
seashore that is under water during high
D. Runoff
tide and exposed during low tide
3334. What is a tsunami?
A. The intertidal zone
A. a wave direction
B. Neritic zone
B. a type of current
C. a sand particle C. Open ocean zone
D. a giant sea wave D. The mid ocean zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 386
3338. Balance in the water cycle means that 3342. What is the continuous movement of
water from the Earth’s surface to the at-
mosphere and back to the Earth again?
A. the average annual precipitation over
Earth equals the amount of water that A. the rock cycle
evaporates B. the water cycle
B. water that falls to Earth only enters C. the nitrogen cycle
oceans
D. the carbon cycle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. the amount of water that falls to Earth
weighs the same as the amount that con- 3343. What is the most dissolved salt in salt
denses in clouds waters?
D. water that evaporates from Earth’s A. Sodium
surface remains forever in the atmo- B. Chloride
sphere
3344. Pollution that cannot be traced to a
3339. is the process by which water on the single point because comes from many
ground surface enters the soil sources
A. Infiltration A. estuary
B. Filtration B. water shed
C. Seepage C. non point source pollution
D. Porosity D. point source pollution
3340. what causes deep ocean currents 3345. What is the order of the ocean floor?
A. wind A. continental slope and seamounts
B. gravity B. continental shelf, continental slope,

continental rise, seamounts
C. rain
3346. Which of the following characteristics al-
D. density differences
ters the density of ocean water?
3341. Which BEST describes the process of A. Temperature and wave speed
evapotranspiration in the water cycle?
B. Salinity and Temperature
A. Water from the ocean enters the atmo- C. Wave speed and wave size
sphere as water vapor
D. Wave size and salinity
B. Water on the surface of Earth enters
the groundwater supply 3347. Why should we be concerned with
C. Water vapor in the atmosphere re- runoff water from neighborhood and city
turns to the surface of Earth as liquid wa- streets that goes into storm drains?
ter. A. Excess water in storm drains can host
alligators and other dangerous animals
D. Water on the surface of Earth and wa-
ter lost by plants enters the atmosphere B. The water that goes into storm drains
as water vapor can flood houses and businesses

1.1 HYDROLOGY 387
C. Water that goes into storm drains isn’t 3352. precipitation that flows over land into
usually cleaned before it goes into the wa- streams, rivers, and oceans
tershed

A. Water Cycle
D. Water flowing into underground storm B. Infiltration
drain systems can form caves and cause
subsidence C. Runoff
D. Transpiration
3348. High levels of which of the following
physical properties of water is likely to im- 3353. Surface currents are mainly formed by
prove the biotic index of a NC Stream? and driven by
A. Algae growth
B. Decaying Matter
C. Suspended solids
D. dissolved oxygen
A. the Coriolis Effect

B. Cold and Warm Water
C. Convection
D. the Wind
3354. What percentage of Earth’s water is

A. salty oceans salt water?
B. freshwater lakes A. 3%
C. freshwater ponds B. 37%
D. glaciers C. 70%
3350. Water shortages can be created by D. 97%
A. weather related issues like drought
3355. Soil and rock act as giant sponges be-
B. human consumption cause they are full of tiny pores and cracks
C. human withdrawal that hold underground water. These small
pores allow the water to infiltrate and col-
D. All of these reasons.
lect underground. Rain and snowmelt that
3351. A strong surface current that runs along infiltrates the ground is called
the east coast of the United States and car-
ries warm water to Europe.
C. Gulf Stream
D. Surface Current A. backflow

1.1 HYDROLOGY 388
B. groundwater 3361. During downwelling decreases bio-

C. spongate logical activity.
D. infiltrate A. Normal Conditions
3356. The study of the movement, distribu- B. The boy

tion, and quality of Earth’s water
A. evaporation flows through the oceans is
B. divide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. the Coriolis effect.
C. water cycle
B. a wave.
D. hydrology
C. a current.
3357. What is the most abundant element in
the ocean? D. a tidal bulge.
A. Mg 3363. hurricane means

B. Already A. storm with violent wind
C. C
B. series of waves
D. Cl
C. movement of mass of rock
3358. Which of the following is a pathway for
D. none of above
precipitation in a rural area?
A. Sewer systems 3364. The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the
B. Storm drains Mid-Atlantic Ridge were both created by
THIS type of plate boundary.
C. Permeable surfaces
D. Impermeable surfaces A. divergent
B. convergent
3359. One of the efforts to preserve the river
is to take care of the upper river in a way? C. transform
A. Create a river embankment D. subduction
B. Defending the plants around the up-
stream 3365. Oysters filter water for food. What
would happen if we harvested (ate) all of
C. Build a dam upstream of the river
the oysters?
D. Dredging sediment upstream of the
river A. Our water quality would increase.
B. Our water quality would decrease.
3360. How come humans can’t access all of the
freshwater on Earth? 3366. water that contains dissolved salt and
A. Some of it is saltwater. other minerals
B. Most of it is frozen in glaciers and ice A. ground water
caps.
B. trough
C. Most of it is in the clouds.
C. salt water
D. Humans have unlimited access to
freshwater. D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 389
3367. Which of the following is a way to con- C. to determine the rate of melting in po-
serve water outside your home. lar regions

A. install sprinklers D. to study past climates by analyzing
B. plant trees that use large amounts of trapped gases and particles
water
C. water plants late in the evening or
early in the morning to decrease evapora- A. global winds
tion B. differences in density of ocean water
D. wash your car weekly
C. Coriolis effect
3368. What term matches best with #1? D. none of above
3373. What is depicted in this image?
A. infiltration
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. groundwater A. a reservoir
E. transpiration B. a lake
3369. Renewable or Non-renewable:Plants? C. a swamp
A. Renewable D. a pond
B. Non-renewable
3374. Which of the following does NOT affect
3370. What is rain that is NOT absorbed into SURFACE Currents?
the ground and moves across Earth’s sur-
A. Density
face?
A. runoff B. Global winds
B. precipitation C. Coriolis Effect

C. condensation D. Continental Deflection
D. accumulation
3375. How much of Earth’s water is fresh wa-
3371. Which is the best reason for scientists ter?
to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s A. 97%
ice caps?
B. 22%
A. To evaluate potential oil drilling sites
C. 3%
B. to study the quality of water stored in
glaciers D. 1%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 390
3376. Scientists use to determine the B. wind

oceans depth. C. convection
A. Submarine D. continental drift
B. Sonar
3380. How is water distributed in urban ar-
C. Helicopter eas?
D. Light A. Through a system of underground tun-
nels
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3377. How are the Earth, Moon, and Sun
B. Through a network of pipes and infras-
aligned during spring tides?
tructure
A. at right angles C. By using giant water slides to dis-
B. all in a straight line tribute water
D. By using drones to transport water to
3378. What would the river channel look like
different areas
from B to B’
3381. What are two factors that affect den-
sity?
A. Temperature and salinity
B. Pressure and temperature
C. Color and salinity
D. Pressure and color
3382. A whale shark is the largest fish in the
world. They are the same size as
A. School bus
B. Fridge
C. Sofa
A. D. Car
3383. The movement of water from the sur-
face into the soil
A. Infiltration
B. B. Percolation
C. Throughflow
D. Groundwater flow
C. E. Throughfall
3384. The salt content of a substance
D. none of above A. density
3379. Surface Ocean currents are primarily B. temperature
caused by C. convection
A. temperature and salinity D. salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 391
3385. High levels of which is likely to improve

biotic index (amount of life) of a stream?

A. algae growth
B. decaying matter
C. suspended solids A. Letters B and D indicate high tides,
D. dissolved oxygen where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the Coriolis Effect.
3386. Which heats faster, land or water? B. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
A. land
cause of the strong winds blowing across
B. water the oceans.
C. Letters C and A indicate high tides,
3387. Which process in the water cycle forms where the tidal bulges would occur be-
the CLOUDS? cause of the gravitational pull between
A. condensation the Earth and the moon.
B. collection D. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
C. evaporation cause of the differences in density and
D. precipitation salinity of the ocean water.
3390. all the waters on the earth’s surface,
3388. Which type of air would you find at air such as lakes and seas, and sometimes
mass C? including water over the earth’s surface,
such as clouds
A. atmosphere
B. lithosphere
C. hydrosphere
D. watershed
3391. Earth’s water is mostly
A. saline.
B. freshwater.
A. cold, dry C. fresh ground water.
B. warm, humid D. fresh surface water.
C. warm, dry 3392. Where the water goes up through the
D. cold, humid plants and is released into the air through
the leaves
3389. Refer to the diagram above. High and A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration
cates where high tide is occurring and best C. Condensation
explains why? D. Interception

1.1 HYDROLOGY 392
3393. What are 2 ways to conserve fresh wa- A. cold

ter? B. light
A. by turning off the water when it’s not
C. heavy
in use
D. hot
B. taking shorter showers at home
C. heavy rainfall 3398. What is a crest?
D. riding your bike after school A. lowest point of a wave
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. obeying your mother B. longest part of a wave
3394. what are the types of cyclonic precipi- C. shortest part of a wave
taion? D. highest point of a wave
A. frontal, non frontal
3399. A layer of permeable rock or soil in
B. tropical, extra tropical which the cracks and pores are totally
3395. Water on earth is always available be- filled with water
cause of A. saturated zone
A. Ocean B. watershed
B. Rain C. infiltration
C. Spring D. runoff
D. Water cycle
3400. What is the correct order of events in
3396. What is the Watershed that runs the ma- the water cycle?
jority of the length of the state of Florida
and is crucial to the ecology and geology A. condensation → evaporation → pre-
of Florida? cipitation
A. KOE (Kissimmee Okeechobee Ever- B. precipitation → condensation →
glades) watershed evaporation
B. GOK (George Orlando Keys) water- C. evaporation → precipitation → con-
shed densation
C. KOA (Kampground of America) water- D. evaporation → condensation → pre-
shed cipitation
D. TOM (Tallahassee Okeechobee Miami) 3401. Use the diagram to answer the follow-
watershed ing question:What feature does 2 repre-
3397. Precipitation happens when clouds of sent?
water droplets are too
C. Seamount
D. Mid-ocean ridge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 393
3402. This is the movement of water from our B. The rate of flow will decrease
earth’s surface/ground to the atmosphere,
C. There is no way to tell what will hap-
and back to the surface.

pen to stream rate of flow.
A. water cycle
D. The rate of flow will remain the same.
B. precipitation
C. evaporation 3408. What two types of air come together to
make tornadoes?
D. glaciers
A. Cold, dry air from the Gulf of Mexico
3403. Which property describes water’s abil- and warm, moist air from Canada.
ity to stick to itself?
B. Cold, dry air from Canada and warm,
A. adhesion moist air from the Gulf of Mexico.
B. specific heat C. Cold, moist air from Canada and warm,
C. solubility dry air from the Gulf of Mexico.
D. cohesion D. Cold, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico
and warm, dry air from Canada.
3404. The tide with the greatest difference be-
tween consecutive low and high tides is 3409. The part of the land masses that extend
called into the ocean, but have a steep drop off.
A. fall tide Generally located under the shallow areas
of the ocean.
B. winter tide
C. spring tide
D. summer tide
3405. What is an underground layer of rock or

soil filled with water called?
A. Aquifer
B. Spring
C. Well A. continental shelf
D. Reservoir B. sea level

3406. First day of fall
D. continental basin
A. Autumnal Equinox
B. Summer Solstice 3410. What is a micro-plastic?
C. Winter Solstice A. a tiny particle created when larger
D. Vernal Equinox plastic items, tooth brushes, bottles, bags,
break down over decade
3407. During a very hot, dry summer in Geor-
B. Old, plastic water bottles
gia the ground water supply decreases be-
cause of this what will happen to the rate C. Regurgitated plastic, animals have
of flow in the streams of Georgia? swallowed
A. The rate of flow will increase D. wind-driven plastic from landfills

1.1 HYDROLOGY 394
3411. Which of the following are names of dif- 3415. Where are deltas formed? (Deltas are
ferent oceans? when the river breaks up into separate
A. Atlantic channels as it extends out to sea.)
B. Spacific
C. Mediterranean
D. Southern
E. Indian
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3412. Identify the ocean at location #2
A. Upper Course
B. Middle Course
C. Lower Course
D. none of above
3416. Density, pressure, and temperature are
A. Indian Ocean
related in what ways?
B. Pacific Ocean
A. density increases, pressure increases,
C. Southern Ocean and temperature decreases
D. Arctic Ocean B. density decrease, pressure increases
and temperature decreases
3413. what does the water cycle demon-
strate? C. density increases, pressure de-
creases and temperature decreases
A. how water travels from Earth’s sur-
D. density decreases, pressure in-
face into the atmosphere and back to
creases and temperature
Earth’s surface again
B. how some water is lost on Earth as 3417. In order for Streams to carry a load they
some of it never returns to Earth’s surface are determined to by what 2 factors?
once it evaporates A. Competence
C. how severe weather forms B. Mobility
D. to show how Earth’s water formed bil- C. Capacity
lions of years ago D. Traction
3414. Which would be the impact on the envi- 3418. Europe is the continent that is the color
ronment if there were no estuaries?
A. There would be drought
B. There would be more pollutants in the
ocean
C. There would be a decrease in the con-
centration of salt in the ocean
D. There would be less boating, fishing
and swimming in local rivers A. gray

1.1 HYDROLOGY 395
B. green
C. orange

D. pink
3419. water vapor in the air gets cold and

changes back into liquid, forming clouds
A. condensation A. W
B. evaporation B. X
C. Y
C. precipitation
D. Z
D. none of above
3423. Which of the following factors would
3420. In which flat region of NC would you ex- most likely cause a hurricane to decrease
pect to find meandering rivers and oxbow in strength?
lakes?
A. increasing the number of large clouds
B. moving toward tropical waters
C. staying over a warm body of water for
a long period of time
D. moving over land
3424. A student compares the climate of two

towns located on the same latitude. One
town is located near the ocean and the
A. mountains second town is inland. Which environmen-
tal difference will most likely be observed
B. piedmont with increasing distance from the ocean?
C. coastal plain A. the number of daylight hours in-
D. none of above creases
B. the summer and winter seasons be-
3421. River basins are made up of many come milder
smaller
C. the intensity of sunlight on the ground
A. aquifers is greater
B. watersheds D. the temperature difference between
day and night increases
C. zones of saturation
3425. The amount of matter packed into spe-
D. water tables
cific volume is
3422. The image shows the stages in the wa- A. mass
ter cycle. Which letter shows the stage B. weight
when water vapor cools and turns back
into liquid water drops in the clouds as con- C. density
densation? D. pressure

1.1 HYDROLOGY 396
3426. What is the main cause of Ocean

Waves?
A. Sunlight
B. Density differences
C. Wind
D. Canon Balls
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3427. Deep currents are caused mostly by A. Zone of Aeration
changes in
A. salinity B. Zone of Saturation
B. temperature C. Water Table

C. density
D. Impermeable Bedrock
D. location
3428. Which side is more permeable? 3432. the study of water

A. A A. Hydrology
B. B
B. Evaporation
C. A & B
C. Transpiration
D. Condensation
3429. Which of the following hazard must sub-
mersible vehicles overcome while explor-
ing the deep ocean? 3433. Mrs. Suber pours herself a glass of ice,
A. high waves cold lemonade. After a few minutes, she
notices water droplets are forming on the
B. increased salinity outside of her glass. What is causing this?
C. high water pressure
A. Precipitation came from the surround-
D. underwater mountains ing air to the outside of the glass.
3430. A 6-h rainfall of 6 cm at place A was B. The water vapor in the air outside of
found to have a return period of 40 years. the glass condensed when it came in con-
The probability that at A a 6-h rainfall of tact with the cooler surface of the glass.
this or larger magnitude will occur at least
once in 20 successive years is: C. The water vapor in the air outside of
A. 0.397 the glass evaporated when it came in con-
tact with the cooler surfaces of the glass.
B. 0.603
C. 0.309 D. Moisture came from the inside of the
glass and stayed on the outside of the
D. 0.025 glass.
section represent? 3434. Is it weather or climate?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 397
3438. Where does the water on the inside of

our classroom window come from?

A. the window
B. the water vapor in the air outside the
room
C. the water in the air
D. the water vapor in the air inside the
room
3439. Which tool measures wind speed?

A. hygrometer
A. Weather
B. barometer
B. Climate
C. wind vane
3435. The rise and fall of Earth’s waters on its D. anemometer
coastlines are called
3440. sound waves used to make a map of the
A. currents ocean floor
B. tides A. ocean floor topography
C. waves B. sonar
D. gravity C. seamount
3436. Which consequence could an exponen-
tially growing human population have on 3441. Where is most of the Earth’s freshwater
a drinkable water? found?
A. It could cause a decrease in the A. Oceans
amount of waste and pollutants in the wa-
ter supply B. groundwater
C. Rivers
B. It could cause an increase in the
amount of water available for the popula- D. Glaciers/Ice caps
tion
3442. The total amount of water on Earth does
C. It could cause an increase in cases of not change
waterborne diseases
A. True
D. It could cause a decrease in needing
B. False
water for survival
3443. Energy of the sun
3437. Waves come to shore. The water and
sand move on the beach. The movement A. solar energy
of sand along the beach is called B. sun
A. rip current C. Glacier
B. longshore drift D. water vapor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 398
3444. Approximately how many hours will 3449. what is a cause of a tide
pass between high tide and the following A. water:/
low tide?
B. wind
A. 6 hours
C. gravitational pull of the moon
B. 12 hours
D. gravitational pull of the moon and the
C. 18 hours sun
D. 24 hours 3450. What is happening at #5 in the water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3445. The location where a river begins is cycle?
called the
A. Condensation
A. High elevation B. Evaporation
B. Headwaters C. Precipitation
C. River start D. Runoff
D. Mouth 3451. which of the following is not a methods

of infiltrometer?
3446. What two gases are found throughout
A. infiltrometer
all layers of the atmosphere?
B. observation in pits and ponds
A. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
C. hydro graph analysis
B. Nitrogen and oxygen
D. orientation of watershed
C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
3452. What event is caused by the wind?
D. Trace gases and water vapor
A. Tides
3447. What does the Gulf Stream do?
B. Coriolis Effect
A. redistribute heat from the equator to C. Waves
the poles
D. Deep Ocean Currents
B. redistribute heat from the poles to the
equator 3453. A weather event in which a moving air
mass hits a mountain, rises, cools, and
3448. What percentage of all water is avail- loses most of its moisture through precipi-
able for us to drink? tation is called a
A. 30% A. Monsoon
B. 3% B. Rain Shadow
C. 2% C. Chinook
D. 1% D. Foehn

1.1 HYDROLOGY 399
3454. Global winds are described as:The sun’s C. differences in temperature at differ-
energy is most direct or strongest at the ent depths
equator and most spread out or weakest D. differences in ocean organisms at dif-

at the poles, this causes unequal heating ferent depths
(the cause of global winds)
3459. When does a hurricane lose its
A. true
strength?
B. false A. When it is in the Pacific Ocean on the
equator (warm ocean water).
B. When it is in the Atlantic Ocean on the
A. at the bottome of the zone of satura-
equator (warm ocean water).
tion
C. When it is in the Indian Ocean on the
B. at the top of the zone of saturation equator (warm ocean water).
C. at sea level D. When it makes landfall (it touches
D. none of above land).
3456. As wind increase, wave high will 3460. a large geographical area of land where
runoff leads to the same outlet (river,
A. increase and decrease stream, etc.)
B. increase A. watershed
C. decrease B. evaporation
D. have no effect. C. groundwater
D. river basin
3457. Which of the following is a reason that
people build dams? 3461. The five huge circular-moving systems
A. to prevent fish migrations of ocean surface currents are called
A. density currents
B. to control flooding
B. drifts
C. to provide recreation
C. fetches
D. to cut off nutrients from the flood
D. gyres
3458. Ocean CURRENTS are caused by 3462. Water from precipitation soaks down
through permeable rock and soil layers.
These layers contain air as well as water,
so they are not saturated, or filled, with
water. This top layer is thus called the
A. earthquakes on the ocean floor

B. volcanoes on the ocean floor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 400
A. unsaturated zone 3468. water moving into the ground from

B. saturated zone above
A. evaporation
3463. The edges of the continents slopes down
B. infiltration
from the shore into the ocean
C. surface water
A. continental rise
D. groundwater
3469. How would several wells in a given
NARAYAN CHANGDER
area affect the balance of groundwater
D. none of above recharge and discharge?
3464. is when the Earth’s rotation causes A. The wells would provide dissolved oxy-
the winds and currents to curve. gen.
A. Rotational Effect B. The wells would increase the water ta-
ble level by adding water from runoff.
B. Circular Effect
C. The wells would deplete the groundwa-
C. Coriolis Effect ter which is usually supplied by percola-
D. gravity tion from rain.
D. The wells would provide storage ar-
3465. The density of ocean water is affected
eas for groundwater to maintain the wa-
by temperature and
ter level
A. salinity
3470. What is it called when WATER is
B. depth FORMED from an LIQUID to a WATER VA-
C. volume POR Oor an [GAS]?
D. none of above
3466. Which of the following human activities

would negatively impact the quality of wa-
ter in a stream?
A. Fishing in the stream
B. Directing runoff from farms into the
stream A. EVAPORATION
C. Using the water to produce electricity B. PRECIPITATION
D. Planting native plants along the bank C. TRANSPIRATION
of the stream D. none of above
3467. All of the following are processes in the 3471. Based on this image, where is most of
water cycle EXCEPT the freshwater located?
A. evaporation A. Oceans
B. condensation B. Groundwater
C. infiltration C. Surface Water
D. surface tension D. Glaciers

1.1 HYDROLOGY 401
3472. True or False? Pollution and other hu- A. A little body of water.
man activities on land can never influence B. water in a gaseous form.
marine life.

C. Places where fresh water and streams
A. True flow into the ocean.
B. False D. the presence of an unwated msterial
3473. What causes ocean waves? in a given place.
A. Temperature differences in the water 3478. Which type of climate will have faster
B. Density differences in the water chemical weathering?
C. Changes in sunlight A. Hot and Wet
D. Surface winds B. Cold and Dry

C. Hot and Cold
3474. Where does all water on earth eventu-
ally flow? D. Cold and Wet
A. Oceans 3479. The base of the non-recording type rain-
B. Ponds fall is permanently fixed in the concrete
block.
C. Rivers
A. True
D. Lakes
B. False
3475. where is the continental slop at
3480. Which results from unequal heating of
A. And
the ocean water on Earth?
B. Excuse me
A. A constant sea level
C. salary
B. Changes in tidal patterns
D. cat
C. Unchanging climate for all regions on
3476. Ocean currents are produced by Earth
A. Volcanoes on the bottom of the ocean D. Changes in ocean current patterns
floor
3481. What layer of the ocean has the most
B. Earthquakes on the bottom of the water?
ocean floor
A. deep
C. Differences in the temperature of the
B. transition zone
water at the different depths
C. surface
D. Differences in the number of organ-
isms living at different depths D. thermocline
3477. What is an estuary? 3482. Precipitation includes

A. rain, snow, and air
B. rain, wind, and snow
C. snow, sleet, and hail
D. all of these

1.1 HYDROLOGY 402
3483. Label a 3488. If a hydrologist is studying acid mine

drainage in a stream, what impact on wa-
tersheds are they studying?
A. geology
B. human activities
C. natural events
D. climate change
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation 3489. Choose the correct option
C. Precipitation
D. none of above
3484. Increasing a stream’s suspended sedi-
ment has which effect on the stream’s
physical characteristics? (EEn 2.4.2) A. 2
A. increased turbidity and increased B. 3
plant life C. 4
B. increased turbidity and decreased
D. 5
plant life
C. decreased turbidity and increased 3490. An arid environment is
plant life
A. dry
D. decreased turbidity and decreased
plant life B. humid
C. moist
3485. When the Earth travels once around the
sun, we call this a D. high precipitation
A. Rotation
3491. a layer of rock or sand that can absorb
B. Season and hold water
C. Revolution A. aquifer
D. Axis
B. humidity
3486. Sewage leaking from a pipe. C. water cycle
D. weather
3492. As water in a river basin moves down-
3487. Where does most drinking water come
stream, it can transfer
from?
A. sand, silt, and gravel
A. reservoirs
B. lakes B. bacteria & organic matter
C. groundwater C. chemicals & excess nutrients
D. oceans D. all of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 403
3493. What is water doing when it is changed 3498. 3% of all water on Earth is
to water vapor?
A. contaminated

A. evaporating
B. saltwater
B. condensing
C. freshwater
C. transpiring
D. freezing D. frozen
3494. Why is so little water available for hu- 3499. Which of the following is an example of
man use? point source pollution:
A. most of the water on earth is fresh A. discharge from a wastewater treat-
B. about 3% of all water is fresh and most ment plant.
of it is frozen
B. run-off form urban areas.
C. almost all water is found underground
in unaccessible depths 3500. Where does MOST of the Earth’s fall
D. very little water is salty back down to during precipitation?
3495. Most of Earth’s freshwater can be found A. The ocean

A. in groundwater B. underground
B. in a frozen state C. Rivers and lakes
C. in lakes, rivers and streams D. glaciers
D. in water vapor and clouds
3501. Which is more dense?
3496. What process happens at C?
A. Cold Water
B. Hot Water
3502. Which of these problems could happen

if we don’t look after the resources we
have?
A. Loss of animal homes
A. Evaporation B. Climate change
B. Condensation C. Increase in pollution
C. Precipitation D. All of the above
D. Runoff
3503. When evaporation occurs, what hap-
3497. What feature of the ocean floor is pens to the water?
shown at image 5?
A. It cools
A. Seamount
B. Volcanic island B. It heats up
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge C. It freezes

D. Ocean Trench D. It stays the same temperature

1.1 HYDROLOGY 404
3504. Brandon ice skates with his family at a A. water covers 97% of the planets sur-
local park every winter. Last summer, he face; 97% is Saltwater and 3% Freshwa-
noticed the pond he was fishing in was in ter.
the exact location of the ice skating rink. B. water covers 71% of the planets sur-
Which best explains why this is possible? face; 97% is Freshwater and 3% Saltwa-
A. A slab of concrete is placed over the ter
pond and covered with ice each winter for C. water covers 97% of the planets sur-
ice skating. face; 71% is Saltwater and 29% Freshwa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Bulldozers break the ice down after ter.
each winter and the pond is filled with wa- D. water covers 71% of the planets sur-
ter for the summer. face; 97% is Saltwater and 3% Freshwa-
C. The fish hatch under the frozen water.
ter and their movement causes the ice to
break down into water again. 3509. Identify the ocean at location #3
D. The water is frozen solid as the tem-
perature drops each winter and the ice
melts when the temperature increases
again.
3505. What percentage of water on Earth is

available for us to use? A. Atlantic Ocean
A. 1% B. Arctic Ocean
B. 2% C. Pacific Ocean
C. 3% D. Indian Ocean
D. 70%
3510. In wet environments, the major cause
3506. Wave height is determine by which fac- of erosion is:
tor? A. wind
A. Size B. animal movement
B. Speed C. moving water
C. Location D. air movement
D. The ocean
3511. Keeping the water running when you
3507. Hard water contains large amount of brush your teeth wastes a lot of water.
? A. True
A. Sodium B. False
B. Lead
3512. what follows evaporation during the
C. Calcium water cycle?how does it occur?
D. Chlorine A. water evaporates into water vapor
3508. The distribution of water on Earth’s sur- B. water vapor condenses and forms a
face is follows: cloud

1.1 HYDROLOGY 405
C. water precipitates to the ground 3517. What type of weathering is being

demonstrated in the image?
D. none of above

3513. The availability of water resources
varies over space and time, mainly due to
the variations in
A. regional and annual precipitation
B. Industries
C. seasonal and annual precipitation
A. Biological
D. none
B. Abrasion
3514. What is the relationship between salin- C. Exfoliation
ity and the density of water? D. Dissolution
A. The density of freshwater is exactly 3518. Why should recharge zones be pro-
the same as the density of saltwater tected?
B. As the salinity decreases, the density A. Water and pollution can directly enter
increases an aquifer here.
C. As the salinity increases, the density B. Water is treated in these locations.
increases C. There is no reason to protect recharge
D. Density and salinity are not related zones.
D. none of above
3515. This valley was carved by
3519. Which of the pictures changes chemical
energy into light (and thermal) energy?
A. A
A. a river B. B
B. a road C. C
C. a glacier D. D
D. an earthquake 3520. What happens with energy when liquid

evaporates to form a gas?
3516. Ocean currents are powered by
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 406
A. Absorbs heat 3525. What feature is shown as #4?

B. Releases heat
C. Releases and absorbs heat depending
on altitude
D. Neither absorbs nor releases heat (re- A. continental shelf
mains constant) B. continental slope
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. abyssal plain
3521. Volcanic lakes are formed by the water
D. seamount
filling of the craters of extinct volcanoes
and have more of a circular shape. 3526. Water flowing over land.
A. Runoff
B. Runover
C. Runfast
D. Lingerie
3527. Which type of cloud is this?
A. False
B. True
3522. The total amount of dissolved salt in a

water sample
A. Salinity
A. cirrus
B. Wave B. stratus
C. Tide C. cumulus
D. Wave Frequency D. none of above
3528. This ocean is full of bacteria that lives
3523. What happens when the sun hits the
in the darkness of the ocean basin-but, the
water?
bacteria is bioluminescent. Which means it
A. The water evaporates produces light.
B. Transpiration from plant leaves occurs
C. Precipitation falls from the clouds
D. None of the choices
3524. Local winds blow over:

A. short distances
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. long distances B. Arctic Ocean
C. the poles C. Pacific Ocean
D. the equator D. Indian Ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 407
3529. Which natural force creates surface C. Condensation

ocean currents? D. Percolation

A. wind
3533. A ridge of land that separates one river
B. gravity from another is a(n)
C. density A. River Basin
D. earthquakes B. Watershed
3530. The warm, strong current off the coast C. Mountain Range
of Florida is the D. Plains
3534. Which is most likely a prevention strat-

egy for flooding? (EEn 2.4.1)
A. Building artificial levees
B. Reducing water consumption
C. Recycling bottled-water containers
D. Building waste landfills for metals and
other contaminants
A. Gulf Stream 3535. What causes tides?
B. California Current A. wind
C. North Equatorial Current B. salinity
D. Brazil Current C. erosion

D. gravity
3531. The following diagram demonstrates
the way Earth’s water is distributed on 3536. The picture shows a student’s lab setup
Earth’ssurface. Which of the following of a model of the water cycle. In this ex-
questions would be the best focus of an periment, the total amount of water inside
investigation of thedistribution of Earth’s the container is measured at the beginning,
water? and then again after a full cycle has oc-
curred. Which of the following BEST pre-
A. Where is most of the consumable wa-
dicts the outcome of the experiment and
ter located on Earth’s surface?
explains why?
B. What is the only substance that exists
as a solid?
C. What is the only substance that exists
as a gas?
D. Where is most living and nonliving
things located on Earth’s surface?
3532. What stage of the water cycle forms A. The beginning amount of water in the
clouds? container would be less than the ending
A. Precipitation the water evaporated, decreasing the wa-
B. Evaporation ter level.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 408
B. The beginning amount of water in the A. evaporation

container would be more than the ending
B. condensation
the process of condensation increases the C. sublimation
water level.
D. transpiration
water in the container would be equal be- 3541. The total amount of dissolved salts in a
cause the water that was evaporated in- sample of water is
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Salinity
back as precipitation which decreased the
water level again. B. Sanity
D. The beginning and ending amounts of C. Density
water in the container would be equal be-
D. none of above
3542. Runoff from a road is an example of
back as precipitation which increased the
water level again. A. Point Source Pollution
3537. The sun drives the water cycle by doing B. Non-point Source Pollution
what?
3543. The largest watershed in North America
A. Rotating on it’s axis is the
B. Giving off light for plants
A. Cape Fear River
C. Providing gravity to keep the Earth in
orbit B. Ohio River
D. Providing heat for evaporation C. Mississippi River

D. Nile River
3538. What is the steepest part of the conti-
nental margin
3544. A deep, steep-sided canyon on the
A. Continental Shelf ocean floor
B. Continental Slope A. trench
C. Abyssal Plain B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Treanch
C. The boy
3539. Refers to all the moisture that falls from D. Climate
the atmosphere on to the surface of the
earth 3545. Water sticks well to many materials.
A. Rain What term relates to this property of wa-
ter?
B. Evaporation
C. Percolation A. cohesion
D. Precipitation B. adhesion
C. density
3540. What is it called when plants give off
water vapor as a waste product? D. surface tension

1.1 HYDROLOGY 409
3546. Which two physical changes are essen- B. moving to a city

tial processes in the water cycle? C. evaporation

A. ebbing and flowing D. sedimentation
B. mixing and separating
3552. Which city receives its freshwater sup-
C. oxidation and reduction ply directly from the Hetchy and Aque-
D. evaporation and condensation duct?
3547. Which of the following locations would

have the lowest density water?
A. A surface of a warm, tropical sea
B. The surface of the cold Arctic ocean
C. The Mariana Trench
D. An Abyssal Plain
3548. How does the Gulf Stream affect A. Fresno

weather conditions along the eastern
coast of the United States? B. The Angels
C. Santa Barbara
A. The Gulf Stream causes temperatures
to decrease. D. San Francisco
B. The Gulf Stream causes temperatures 3553. Strong flows that move in ocean water
to increase. are known as
C. The Gulf Stream causes more overcast A. waves
skies. B. currents
D. none of above C. tides
3549. Which front brings rain for days on end? D. breakers
A. Cold Front 3554. In what type of soil would the perme-
B. Warm Front ability of groundwater into streams occur
the slowest?
C. Occluded Front
A. sand
D. Stationary Front
B. clay
3550. The atmospheric condition when it is C. silt
cloudy is a result of
D. gravel
A. evaporation
3555. How do you measure the age of a
B. condensation
glacier?
C. precipitation
A. By its size
D. infiltration
B. By the number of varve clay layers
3551. Urbanization means C. By the number of striations that it
A. building houses/stores and paving leaves
roads D. By the thickness of its moraines

1.1 HYDROLOGY 410
3556. How are Earth, the moon and the Sun 3560. Weather is the state of the atmosphere
positioned during a lunar eclipse? at a given time and
A. The Earth, moon and Sun are in a
straight line, with the moon in the middle.
B. The Earth, Sun and moon are in a
straight line, with the Sun in the middle.
C. The Sun, Earth and moon are in a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
straight line, with the Earth in the middle.
D. The Sun, Earth and moon are position
in 90 degree angles.
3557. A student fills a 100ml graduated cylin- A. wind speed

der with sediment from a local wetland
to the 50ml mark. They then fill a sec- B. wind direction
ond graduated cylinder with water to the C. place
100ml mark. The student then pours wa-
ter into the graduated cylinder contain- D. cloud cover
ing the sediment until the water level
reaches the top of the sediment at the 3561. Which consequence could an exponen-
50ml mark. The student observes that tially growing human population have on
there is now 92ml of water left in the drinkable water?
graduated cylinder, which before pouring, A. It could cause a decrease in the
contained 100ml. What is the porosity of amount of waste and pollutants in the wa-
the sediment? ter supply.
A. 54.3% B. It could cause an increase in the
B. 40% amount of water available for the popula-
tion.
C. 36%
C. It could cause an increase in cases of
D. 2.8%
waterborne diseases.
3558. The changing of liquid to water vapor D. It could cause a decrease in needing
A. Precipitation water for survival.
B. Evaporation 3562. Which type of front is responsible for

C. Condensation thunderstorms, heavy rain, and fast move-
ment?
D. Precipitation
A. Cold
3559. An underwater volcano tall enough to
reach above the surface is called: B. Warm
A. Ocean Trench C. Stationary

B. Continental Shelf D. Occluded
C. Abyssal Plain 3563. What process is shown by letter B in the
D. Volcanic Island diagram?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 411
3568. the process where a liquid isconverted

into a gas

A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transportation
A. condensation
B. transpiration 3569. How is lag time on a hydrograph mea-
C. evaporation sured?
D. precipitation A. It is the time between the peak rainfall

event and the peak discharge.
3564. Rainfall and river runoff cause the salin- B. It is the time from the beginning of the
ity to rainfall event and the peak discharge.
A. increase
C. It is the time from the beginning and
B. decrease the end of the rainfall event.
3565. Porosity refers to D. It is the time between the beginning of
A. the shape of the particles the rising limbe to the end of the falling
limb.
B. The sorting of the particles
C. % of pore space in a material 3570. Why is most of Earths freshwater is not
available for human use.
D. % of cement in a material
3566. Which process in the water cycle hap-
pens when cool air causes water vapor to
change to liquid water?
A. because it’s in the clouds in the tropo-

sphere
B. because it’s frozen in ice caps/glaciers
A. condensation and/or in the ground as groundwater
B. evaporation C. because of pollution
C. transpiration D. because of global warming
D. infiltration 3571. Why is the ozone layer vital to life on
3567. Which area of the ocean floor most Earth?
likely has water with the highest salinity? A. Planes fly in the ozone layer
A. Continental slope B. It is made up of oxygen (O2)
B. Continental shelf C. It shields the Earth from ultraviolet
C. seamount (UV) rays from the sun
D. trench D. It causes clouds to be created

1.1 HYDROLOGY 412
3572. What is condensation? 3576. This type of Front occurs when cold air
A. Condensation is the process of water from the Poles dives down to meet warm
vapor cooling and condensing into clouds air from the equator
B. Condensation is the process of liquid A. warm front
water droplets heating up and turning into
B. cold front
water vapor
C. Condensation is the process of water C. polar front
falling from the sky
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. equator front
D. Condensation is the process of water
sinking into the ground 3577. Two factors to look at when considering
the health of a river are levels and turbid-
3573. Which tide occurs at 1 and 3? ity.
A. nitrate
B. natural disasters
C. photosynthesis
D. salinity
Explanation:High nitrate levels can cause
A. low tide an increase in algae growth, while high
B. high tide turbidity indicates murky, undrinkable
C. long tide wter.
D. neap tide
3578. How do we characterize an air mass
3574. This type of front occurs when a cold that forms near the poles?
front catches up with a warm front A. Dry
A. Occluded Front
B. Wet
B. Cold Front
C. Warm
C. Warm Front
D. Stationary Front D. Cold
3575. A hot spring that periodically erupts. 3579. What causes tides?
A. Earth’s rotation and revolution

A. Sinkhole
B. Pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth
B. Waterfall
C. Geyser C. Direction and force of winds
D. Volcano D. Human activity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 413
3580. Which one of the following answer B. Precipitation

choices does this scenerio describe? C. Groundwater
Droplets of water form on the outside

of a glass of ice water. D. Evaporation
A. transpiration 3584. Where is MOST of Earth’s available

freshwater stored?
B. condensation
A. the atmosphere
C. evaporation
B. underground
D. precipitation
C. lakes and rivers
3581. Brackish water is commonly found in es- D. ice caps and glaciers
tuaries. How does brackish water differ
from ocean water and fresh water? 3585. Less than average tide occurring 1st and
3rd quarters of the moon
A. brackish water contains less salts than
fresh water and ocean water A. Neap Tides
B. brackish water contains more salts B. Spring Tides
than fresh and ocean water C. Seasons
C. brackish water contains more salts D. Moon Phases
than fresh water but less salts than ocean
water 3586. A giant wave
D. brackish water contains less salts than A. surfing wave
fresh water but more salts than ocean wa- B. breaker
ter C. tsunami
3582. What does groundwater do? D. crest
3587. Wind is caused by the unequal heating
of the earth by the sun.True or False
A. True
B. False
3588. What causes surface currents to move?
A. Heat from the sun
A. It sends water to our buildings, B. The moon
houses, and water transplant places C. wind
B. Goes to the sky D. A change in Density
C. Goes to the sun 3589. The amount of Earth’s water is saltwa-
D. Provides rivers ter is about
A. 3%
3583. Water flowing downhill, through grav-
ity, over the Earth’s surface, collecting into B. 30%
streams and rivers. C. 71%
A. Runoff D. 97%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 414
3590. What is the process in which clouds let 3595. Which of the following IS NOT a water-
water go as rainfall called? shed in South Carolina
A. Condensation A. Santee
B. Evaporation B. White Oak
C. Sublimation C. Editor
D. Rain D. All of the above are located within
3591. In the troposphere, the temperature South Carolina
NARAYAN CHANGDER
as altitude increases.
3596. What ocean is located at Number 5?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Goes up and down
3592. What is the hydrosphere?
A. Water on the earth’s surface A. Southern
B. Oceans of the Earth
B. Atlantic
C. Rivers, oceans and lakes of the Earth
C. Arctic
D. Pacific
3593. As the temperature of ocean water
changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how 3597. is when plants give off water vapor
does the density change? from their leaves.
A. The water becomes more dense A. evaporation
B. The water becomes less dense B. transpiration
C. The density does not change C. condensation
D. It is impossible to predict D. none of above
3594. Which landform can be seen in the 3598. Suburban Neighborhoods
photo?
A. Point
B. Non-Point
3599. Which is an INCORRECT order of the wa-

ter cycle?
A. evaporation, condensation, precipita-
tion
B. evaporation, precipitation, condensa-
A. Waterfall tion
B. Estuary C. precipitation, evaporation, condensa-
C. Inter-locking Spur tion
D. Meander D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 415
3600. The land drained by a specific body of 3605. The method used when determining if a
water is called a layer is older or younger from another is:

A. watershed
B. basin
C. discharge
D. gradient
3601. As the water table fills up due to an in-

crease in groundwater, how would flood
events be affected? A. index dating
A. they wouldn’t B. relative dating
B. they would happen less often due to C. absolute dating
more runoff
D. fossil fractionization
C. they would happen quicker due to less
water being able to percolate into the 3606. What factors cause deep ocean currents
ground to flow much slower along the ocean floor
D. they would be affected, but it is not compared to fast moving surface currents?
possible to say why A. density and salinity
3602. Organic matter in soil is made from- B. gravity and distance from the sun
A. Acid Rain C. wind and amount of rainfall
B. Carbon Dioxide D. climate and Earth’s rotation
C. Weathered Parent Rock
3607. The two most profitable and industrial
D. Decayed Plants and Animals resources extracted from the continental
shelf are
3603. What drives the so-called ocean con-
veyor belt?
A. occurrence of hurricanes
B. gravitational attraction of the moon
C. global winds moving across the earth
D. differences in water temperature and
salinity
3604. An area of new land at the mouth of a

river.
A. Sand Dune A. sand/gravel
B. Delta B. oil
C. Fault C. metals/ores
D. Glacier D. methane gas

1.1 HYDROLOGY 416
3608. Occurs when warmer waters are moved 3612. Temperature increases
by wind, and nutrient-rich cooler waters
rise up from the depths.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Density decreases
A. sea floor floor feature matches letter A?
B. coastline
C. fetch
D. Upwelling
3609. Material that water can pass through. A. Abyssal Plain

C. Volcanic Island
D. Seamount
3614. Beaches are built up by-
A. Permeable
B. Impermeable
3610. COBE and the Hubble Space Telescope

have provided evidence that the Big
Bang Theory?
A. disprove
A. deposition
B. support B. leaching
3611. Plants take in water through their roots C. abrasion
and then heat from the sun causes water D. erosion
to leave the plants through their leaves.
This process is known as: 3615. The total amount of dissolved salts in a
sample of water is its
A. Evaporation
A. strength
B. Transpiration B. salinity
C. Condensation C. pressure
D. Infiltration D. effect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 417
3616. What is the day to day changes in the C. north

air?
D. south
A. Weather

3621. The movement of energy through a body
B. Climate
of water is called a what?
C. Storms
A. Current
D. Earth’s Rotation
B. Wave
3617. Students want to model the water cy-
C. Tide
cle. They conduct an experiment. Which
statement below correctly explains How D. River
they would show condensation and evap-
oration? 3622. Which statement is true based on the
above image?
A. Evaporation would have to be shown
with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and condensation would have to be
shown with hot water to increase the tem-
perature
B. Condensation would have to be shown
A. C is the most permeable
with an ice cube to decrease the temper-
ature and evaporation would have to be B. A and B have the same porosity
shown with hot water to increase the tem- C. B would have the highest capillarity
perature
D. Water would infiltrate the slowest in B
3618. Due to the Coriolis Effect, surface cur-
rents curve: 3623. This line separates the directional flow
A. clockwise in the northern hemisphere, of water runoff?
counter clockwise in the southern hemi- A. Border line
sphere
B. Divide
B. counter clockwise in the northern
C. Runoff marker
hemisphere, clockwise in the southern
hemisphere D. none of above
3619. This feature is the deepest part of the 3624. Which best represents the order of
ocean seafloor features as you move from the
A. Rift Valley shoreline to the deep ocean?
B. Seamount A. Continental slope-continental shelf-
continental rise-mid-ocean ridge
C. Trench
B. Continental rise-continental shelf-mid-
D. Volcanic Island
ocean ridge-continental slope
3620. The Atlantic Ocean lies to the of the C. Continental shelf-continental slope-
United States. continental rise-mid-ocean ridge
A. east D. Mid-ocean ridge-continental rise-
B. west continental shelf-continental slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 418
3625. Humidity can be measured using the fol- 3629. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater
lowing instrument found?
A. Anemometer A. groundwater
B. Thermometer B. Lakes & rivers
C. Barometer C. glaciers & ice caps
D. Sling psychrometer D. Ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3626. Part A:Which physical property is deter- 3630. Water that infiltrates the soil and is
mined by the salinity and temperature of stored in the spaces between sediment
ocean water? particles is referred to as
A. water that is evaporated.
B. groundwater.
C. condensed water.
D. water as runoff
3631. % of the water on earth is freshwa-

ter.
A. density
A. 97%
B. mass
B. 50%
C. volume
C. 3%
D. weight D. 1%
3627. If there is a lot of rain, how will it affect 3632. Precipitation occurs because
the water table?
A. the droplets evaporate in the air
A. The water table will rise.
B. the droplets are too light for the air to
B. The water table will lower. hold
3628. The movement of cold water upward C. the droplets are too heavy for the air
from the deep ocean that is caused by to hold
wind. D. none of above
3633. The process by which liquid water es-

capes into the air as water vapor
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. transpiration
A. Turbidity D. precipitation
B. Alum
3634. Where is groundwater found?
C. Fluoride
A. In the zone of saturation below the wa-
D. Upwelling ter table.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 419
B. In the zone of aeration above the wa- 3639. What is Density?

ter table.
A. the amount of mass in a certain depth

C. In the zone of saturation above the wa-
ter table. B. the amount of pounds in a certain
mass
D. In the zone of aeration below the wa-
ter table. C. the amount of feet in a certain depth
D. the amount of mass in a certain volume
3635. For the frost to be on the grass in the
morning, the water vapor must do what?
3640. A stream or river that flows into a
A. boil and condense larger river
B. boil and evaporate A. lake
C. condense and freeze B. mouth
D. evaporate and freeze
C. tributary
3636. River System “B”-generally found in D. estuary
mountainous regions.
3641. Low pressure systems will bring
A. very little wind, maybe a gentle breeze
B. strong winds and stormy weather
3642. Which of the following factors does NOT

control the movement of surface currents?
A. salinity
A. Dendritic
B. Earth’s rotation
B. Rectangular
C. location of continents
C. Trellis
D. winds
D. Radial
3637. What factors can change the density of 3643. oxygen in the water
water? A. dissolved oxygen
A. waves and currents B. temperature
B. depth and size C. pH
C. salinity and temperature
D. nitrates and phosphates
D. temperature and wave speed
3644. Which particles make up the nucleus of
3638. What happens immediately after a hur-
an atom?
ricane makes landfall?
A. it gets stronger A. protons and neutrons
B. it gets weaker B. electrons and protons

C. its winds pick up speed C. electrons, protons, and neutrons
D. it starts hailing D. electrons and neutrons

1.1 HYDROLOGY 420
3645. A college student holds the back of his to cool down. Once the molecules have
hand near an iron to see if it is hot. Heat cooled enough, they change from a gas to
is transferred to his hand by liquid water droplets (forming clouds).
A. conduction B. The sun is shining down on a lake caus-
B. radiation ing the molecules on the surface to heat
up. Once the molecules have absorbed
C. convection enough energy, they change from a liquid
D. none of above to a gas.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3646. Mr. Carl was to install a piezome- C. The low temperatures high in the atmo-
ter near Kokoro TW05.What will be the sphere cause the water vapor molecules
installation depth? Static waterlevel = to cool down. Once the molecules have
17.65m.Dynamic waterlevel =?piezome- cooled enough, they change from a gas to
ter range = 20m a liquid falling down as precipitation.
A. 17.65 m D. none of above
B. 23.65 m 3650. Which could cause a well that has al-

C. 27.65 m ways worked perfectly to suddenly stop
working?
D. 33.65 m
A. a falling water table due to increased
E. I need to know the dynamic waterlevel precipitation over a long period of time
3647. The bodies of salt water that cover B. a falling water table due to decreased
nearly three fourths of the surface of the precipitation over a long period of time
earth C. a rising water table due to increased
A. Sea precipitation over a long period of time
B. River D. a rising water table due to decreased
C. Lake precipitation over a long period of time
D. Ocean 3651. When water vapor is warmer and less

dense than the surrounding air it
3648. How do great rivers, such as the Nile,
A. sinks
the Amazon and the Mississippi affect the
salinity of the oceans they flow into? B. rises
A. The rivers increase the salinity of the 3652. The separation of charges, due to un-
oceans because they remove freshwater. equal sharing of electrons, is called
B. The rivers decrease the salinity of the
oceans because they remove freshwater
C. The rivers increase the salinity of the
oceans because they add freshwater.
D. The rivers decrease the salinity of the
3649. What is the process of condensation?

A. The low temperatures high in the atmo- A. polarity
sphere cause the water vapor molecules B. opposition

1.1 HYDROLOGY 421
C. antagonism 3657. What dissolved gas is this?

D. negativism

3653. The lowest point of a wave
A. wave length
B. wave height
C. crest
D. trough
3654. Weather associated with high pressure
is generally
A. cloudy but dry A. oxygen
B. unpredictable B. carbon dioxide
C. wet and cloudy
C. nitrogen
D. dry and clear
D. ozone
3655. Earth’s Fresh Water Source Percentage
Lakes 0.25% Glaciers & Ice 69% Rivers 3658. What would cause ocean water to have
0.006% Groundwater 30% Other <1% higher salinity?
Refer to the data table above. Which of A. low precipitation and high evaporation
the following questions could be answered
given the data provided? B. low evaporation and high precipitation
A. Where is the greatest source of fresh C. low precipitation and low evaporation
water? D. nothing will cause this
B. What is the total percentage of salt wa-
ter on Earth? 3659. Water shortages can be created by
C. Why is there more water in glaciers A. weather related issues like drought
and ice versus in groundwater? B. human consumption
D. What are the “other” sources of fresh C. human withdrawal/ privitazation
water on Earth?
D. All of these reasons.
3656. Which shows the top three sources of
water in our area from most to least? 3660. A complete description of the in-
cludes the amount and type of clouds.
A. Groundwater, Surface Water, Recy-
Rain, snow, thunderstorms, lightning, and
cled Water
even dust storms. Measurements of tem-
B. Groundwater, Recycled Water, Sur- perature, air pressure, wind speed and di-
face Water rection, and the amount of moisture in the
C. Surface Water, Groundwater, Recy- air are also included in a description.
cled Water A. climate
D. Surface Water, Recycled Water,
B. air pressure
Groundwater
E. Recycled Water, Groundwater, Sur- C. high’s
face Water D. weather

1.1 HYDROLOGY 422
3661. The outside portion of a meander where 3665. calcium carbonate deposit that forms on
erosion occurs. a cave’s floor
A. Cutbank A. stalactites
B. Oxbow
B. stalagmites
C. Meander
C. eutrophication
D. Headwater
3662. Label D D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3666. True or false:A well is a hole in the
ground that reaches down to the satura-
tion zone-the wet region below the water
table.
A. True
B. False
A. Evaporation
3667. How can salt be added to our oceans?
B. Condensation
A. by dumping tons of calcium chloride
C. Collection/Accumulation
into the ocean
D. Precipitation
B. through precipitation
3663. How is condensation different from
evaporation? C. through evaporation
A. In condensation, dust particles are not D. from erosion from the land
needed, but in evaporation they are.
B. In condensation, the temperature 3668. Look at the picture:Most of the Earth’s
must decrease. In evaporation, the tem- surface is covered by
perature must increase.
C. In condensation, the temperature
must increase. In evaporation, the tem-
perature must decrease.
D. In condensation, water is turning from
a liquid into water vapor. In evaporation,
water is turning from a water vapor into a
liquid.
3664. The number and VARIETY of organisms
in a given area during a specific period of
time.
A. ice
A. Biosphere
B. land
B. Population
C. Community C. the ocean
D. Biodiversity D. freshwater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 423
3669. Water that does not soak into the 3673. Which type of front is associated with
ground becomes the front not moving in either direction?

A. Cold
B. Warm
C. Stationary
D. Occluded
3674. The flow of water from land into a body

of water.
A. clouds A. groundwater
B. water table
B. watershed
C. runoff
C. run-off
D. saturated
D. aquifers
3670. Which image would have a higher poros-
ity, allowing water to move more quickly 3675. Most of the gravel and sand deposits in
through the pore space? Virginia are found in which region?
A. Coastal Plain
A. A B. Piedmont
B. B C. Valley Ridge
3671. what is most likely directly responsible D. Blue Ridge
for decreasing salt concentrations in our
3676. The process that breaks down rock
oceans
through chemical changes
A. evaporation
A. Chemical Weathering
B. underwater volcano
B. Physical Weathering
C. weathering of rocks
C. Ice Wedging
D. precipitation
D. Melting
3672. Which of the following can water NOT
dissolve? 3677. Allows water to flow through
A. Ionic Compounds A. Permeable
B. Polar Compounds B. Porous
C. Nonpolar Compounds C. Impermeable
D. none of above D. Non-porous

1.1 HYDROLOGY 424
3678. “Heats up”

A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3679. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di-
rection of the wind and currents is called
A. the Horse Latitudes A. Choice 1
B. the Rotational Effect B. Choice 2

C. Choice 3
C. the Circular Effect
D. Choice 4
3683. How does the Coriolis Effect influence
the direction of ocean currents in the north-
3680. How many high tides are there in Myr-
ern hemisphere?
tle Beach every day?
A. currents are deflected (curved) to the
A. One right
B. Two B. currents are deflected (curved) to the
left
C. Three
C. currents move directly north
D. Four D. the Coriolis Effect only impacts the at-
mosphere and not the ocean
3681. In which picture would the rocks be
more porous? 3684. Label B and C
A. B-transpirationC-condensation
A. A B. B-precipitationc-runoff
B. B 3685. How does upwelling generally affect

the dissolving of gases in ocean water?
3682. Which diagram represents the soil with A. Cooler water increases the amount of
the greatest permeability? gas dissolved.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 425
B. Cooler water decreases the amount of 3689. What is happening at arrow #2?
gas dissolved.

C. Warmer water increases the amount
of gas dissolved.
D. Warmer water decreases the amount
of gas dissolved.
3686. Which system will remove small and

large sediments, force water through fil-
ters, and remove biological contaminants? A. evaporation
A. Wastewater Treatment System B. condensation
B. Drinking Water Treatment System C. transpiration

D. precipitation
3687. The combined force of attraction among
water molecules and with the molecules of 3690. If you were able to walk along the
surrounding materials. ocean bottom from a beach, which of the
following features would you reach AFTER
the continental shelf?
A. abyssal plain
B. seamounts
C. mid-ocean ridge
A. Capillary Action 3691. Deposition is when

B. Polar Molecule
C. Surface Tension
D. Universal Solvent
3688. Which abbreviation of an air mass can

be identified as warm and moist?
A. Objects are moved along the river.
B. Objects are dropped along the river.
C. Objects are suspended in the water.
D. Objects are move into the ocean.
3692. Important mineral deposits, including

larg reservoirs of oil and natural gas, are
assoicated with
A. cP A. the ocean basin floor
B. mP B. the continental shelf
C. cT C. abyssal plains
D. mT D. the continental rise

1.1 HYDROLOGY 426
3693. Approximately 99.7% of all water on A. Temperate Forest

Earth is found in oceans, seas, ice, and the B. Rainforest
atmosphere. Based on this information,
which statement is most accurate? C. Tundra
A. the earth’s freshwater supply is infi- D. Grasslands
nite 3697. This image is the shows the percentage
B. less than 0.3% of Earth’s water is of water that is on Earth. What is the lo-
drinkable cation of water represented by 1%?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Humans are not dependent on ocean A. Ocean Water
water B. Glaciers
D. the water cycle returns all usable wa-
C. Rivers, Lakes and Groundwater
ter to the sea
D. none of above
3694. How is the beach structure beneficial in
protecting recreational beaches? 3698. The measure of a volume of stream wa-
ter that flows over a specific location in a
particular amount of time
A. river
B. recharge
C. discharge
D. gradient
A. it accelerates sediment loss
B. it creases sand dunes along the shore- 3699. What are the three largest oceans?
line A. Atlantic, Arctic, and Southern
C. it reduces sediment loss and controls B. Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian
erosion C. Indian, Southern, and Arctic
D. they reflect waves and reduce flooding D. Pacific, Indian, and Arctic
3695. “I am a smaller river joining a larger 3700. What causes tides, but NOT waves and
river” What am I? currents?
A. Confluence
A. underwater earthquakes
B. Tributary
B. the gravitational pull of the moon
C. Drainage Basin
D. Watershed water
3696. Which biome has the most variety of D. underwater water disturbances on the
plants and animals? ocean floor
3701. What are surface currents driven by?
A. wind
B. sun
C. water
D. gravity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 427
3702. What happens to density as ocean depth 3707. What causes wind?
increases? (As you descend down to the A. differences in air pressure
ocean floor.)

B. differences in gravity
C. difference in oxygen
B. Density decreases
D. differences in the thermosphere
3703. What ocean floor feature is located at
3708. If Jamie draws a topography map of a
Letter B?
section ofan ocean, which of these would
NOT be trueabout the map Jamie draws?
A. The deepest ocean trenches contain
the mostsea life.
B. There are multiple mountain ranges
under thesea.
A. Volcanic Island
C. Islands in the ocean may be the tops
B. Deep Ocean Trench
ofunderwater mountains
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Volcanic activity in the oceans pro-
D. Seamount duces morepieces of Earth’s crust.
3704. A chain of mountains that runs through 3709. can be polluted by agricultural
the three major oceans. wastes, including animal wastes, fertiliz-
ers, and pesticides.
A. trench
A. Groundwater
B. mid-ocean ridge
B. Homes
C. abyssal plain
C. Classroom
D. rift
D. Municipal sewage
3705. What is the most common source for sur-
face water contamination?
sents the saturated zone.
A. runoff
B. melting of glaciers
C. wells
D. lightning
3706. The way the Earth’s rotation makes the

winds curve is due to the A. A
A. Coriolis Effect B. B
B. Cuticle Effect C. C
C. Revolution D. D
D. rotation E. E

1.1 HYDROLOGY 428
3711. The tightness across the surface of wa- 3716. The ocean is the same temperature ev-
ter that enables paper clips to float is erywhere.
A. True
B. False
3717. A molecule that has electrically charged
areas.
A. battery-operated molecule
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. polar molecule
C. sustainable molecule
A. adhesion
D. potable molecule
B. capillary action
C. surface tension 3718. Where do nektons live in the ocean?
D. polarity A. Bottom
B. Top
3712. Approximately % of water is found
in oceans. C. in the neritic zone
A. 90 D. Neither
B. 87 3719. What is the best way to conserve wa-
C. 97.2 ter?
D. 3 A. turn off the water when you brush your
teeth
3713. Where is Earth’s fresh water located?
B. fix leaky faucets and toilets
A. rivers
C. limit grass watering
B. lakes
D. all of the above
C. underground
D. all of these 3720. occur during first and third quarter
moon phases.
3714. Overall, what two rates are generally
A. Neap tides
equal on earth?
B. Spring tides
A. Evaporation & Precipitation
C. Slack water
B. Evaporation & Runoff
D. Currents
C. Runoff & Infiltration
D. Precipitation and Infiltration 3721. Point source pollution comes from a spe-
cific site, like a factory.
3715. What is the Mid-Ocean Ridge?
A. True
A. Continuous underwater mountain
range B. False
B. A geyser on the ocean floor 3722. Large streams of water that flow
C. Mountains that reach the ocean sur- through the ocean = waves
face A. true
D. Underwater, inactive volcanoes B. false

1.1 HYDROLOGY 429
3723. The temperature of the ocean currents A. Intertidal Zone

depends on B. Neritic Zone

A. where they form C. Oceanic Zone
B. the temperature of the air D. Ocean Zones
3724. Pieces of bedrock material that are bro- 3728. The process wherein the distribution of
ken from a cliff and deposited by a land- the water on continents, in regions, and in
slide at the base of the cliff are best de- small catchments is constantly shifting
scribed as
A. WATER BALANCE
A. rounded and sorted
B. BALANCE WATER
B. rounded and unsorted
C. WATER CYCLE
C. angular and sorted
D. HYDROLOGY
D. angular and unsorted
3729. Which best determines the health of a
lake used as a source of freshwater?
A. Land that collects and channels water
A. depth and width
froma small body of water to a larger body
of water B. temperatures and pH
B. the shape of the land determined by el- C. location and depth
evation D. temperature and depth
C. A natural stream of water of consider-
3730. Water vapor rises into the air to
able volume
form
D. a river and all its tributaries
A. Rain
3726. Which adaptations would be important B. Es
for organisms that live in the intertidal
C. Awan
zone?
D. Rainbow
A. Able to live in the dark
B. Able to withstand high amounts of 3731. an underwater mountain chain where
pressure new ocean floor is formed
C. Able to withstand periods underwa- A. mid-ocean ridge
ter/exposed to air B. seamount
D. Ability to swim fast C. guyot
3727. Different regions of the oceans-divided D. abyssal plain
by depth and amount of sunlight
3732. Which of the following features does
not make up the continental margin?
A. Shelf
B. Rise
C. Trench
D. Slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 430
3733. What two elements make up water? 3737. Ocean waves are created by all of the
following except one. Which factor cre-
ates currents, NOT ocean waves?
A. the wind
B. earthquakes
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. helium and oxygen
3738. Air masses flow from
B. hydrogen and oxygen
A. low pressure to high pressure.
C. helium and carbon
B. low pressure to low pressure.
D. oxygen and carbon
C. high pressure to high pressure.
3734. Which of Earth’s 4 spheres contains D. high pressure to low pressure.
all water (including lakes, rivers, and
oceans)? 3739. Which type of water reservoir could al-
A. Atmosphere ways provide fresh water?
B. Biosphere A. Inland Lakes
C. Hydrosphere B. River Deltas
D. Geosphere C. Mountain Glaciers

D. Tropical Seas
3735. Where is most of the Earth’s freshwater
located? 3740. What effect would a warm ocean cur-
A. lakes rent have on a locations climate?
B. rivers A. warmer, more humid
C. groundwater B. colder, more humid
D. glaciers and icecaps C. warmer, drier
D. none of above
3736. What phase of the water cycle is letter
A? 3741. The water cycle has no beginning or
end, but it has an order. Which of the
following are the MOST likely ways that
water would move through the water cy-
cle? 1 ocean to river to lake to atmo-
sphere2 aquifer to ice cap to ocean to at-
mosphere3 atmosphere to watershed to
river to ocean4 atmosphere to ocean to at-
mosphere to ocean
A. Evaporation A. 1 and 2
B. Condensation B. 2 and 3
C. Transpiration C. 3 and 4
D. Precipitation D. 4 and 1

1.1 HYDROLOGY 431
3742. Variation in which property between A. condensation

water at different temperatures con-
B. precipitation
tributes most to the formation of horizon-

tal ocean layers having distinct tempera- C. evaporation
tures? D. none of above
A. density
3747. Currents release heat energy and this
B. color
can affect an area’s
C. turbidity
D. acidity
3743. Thermohaline circulation (deep water

circulation) is dependent on
A. Temperature and density
B. Temperature and salinity
A. Oxygen
C. Density and salinity
B. Climate
D. Only temperature
C. Upwelling
3744. Air mostly moves side to side (wind) as D. Sunlight
a result of differences in its:
3748. Mercury is known to:
A. cause stomach ulcers
B. kill brain cells
C. cause cancer
A. Pressure D. cause heart disease
B. Density 3749. Which results from the unequal heating
3745. On a meander, the fastest flowing part of the ocean water of Earth?
of the river is A. a constant sea level
A. the outside bend B. changes in tidal patterns
B. the inside bend C. unchanging climate for all regions on
C. the left hand side Earth
D. the middle D. changes in ocean current patterns
3746. What part of the hydrological cycle does 3750. What is the name for the distance be-
this picture show? tween the crest and trough of a wave?
A. Wave height
B. wavecrest
C. height
D. width

1.1 HYDROLOGY 432
3751. High pressure systems are associated B. When plants release carbon dioxide
with what type of weather? through their roots.
A. cool, wet weather C. When plants release water through
B. clear, dry weather their leaves.
C. cloudy, wet weather D. When plants take the bus.
D. cloudy, dry weather 3756. The supply of freshwater under the

Earth’s surface.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3752. Water on a sidewalk quickly disappear-
A. watershed
ing on a hot day is an example of:
B. mouth
A. precipitation
C. headwaters
B. condensation
D. groundwater
C. transpiration
D. evaporation 3757. What is the process by which it allows
water to pass through soil?
3753. The image shows the stages in the wa- A. Infiltration
ter cycle. Which letter shows the stage
when water falls from the sky in different B. Condensation
forms of precipitation? C. Convection
D. Groundwater
3758. washes agricultural wastes, includ-
ing animal wastes, fertilizers, and pesti-
cides, into bodies of water, causing algae
to grow.
A. Runoff
B. condensation
A. W
C. Groundwater
B. X
D. evaporation
C. Y
3759. Which percentage represents the
D. Z
amount of Earth’s water that is found in
3754. The boundary between the zone of aer- oceans?
ation and the zone of saturation is called A. 97%
the
B. 3%
A. well
C. 71%
B. recharge zone
D. 5%
C. the water table
D. watershed chemical weathering?
3755. What is transpiration? A. The rusting of a tool left outside
A. When plants release oxygen through B. Potholes forming in the road in the win-
their stems. ter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 433
C. The splitting of a boulder into smaller A. wavelength

pieces
B. frequency

D. The grinding of pebbles into sand
C. wave height
3761. What is the science word for the amount D. none of above
of salt dissolved in water?
A. density 3765. What feature is formed when sediment
cuts off the neck of a meander?
B. composition
C. salinity A. A river cliff
D. continental slope B. A slip-off slope

C. An ox-bow lake
3762. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water
found? D. Interlocking spurs
A. polar caps, glaciers
3766. What type of interact is occurring in this
B. great lakes picture?
C. ponds
D. the artic
3763. Saltwater intrusion can occur in aquifers

near coastlines, when fresh groundwater
in the aquifer is displaced by salt water.
Coastline aquifers become more vulnera-
ble to saltwater intrusion when freshwa-
A. Geosphere Hydrosphere
ter recharge rates are low and withdraw
is high. Which area is MOST affected by B. Hydrosphere Biosphere
saltwater intrusion? C. Biosphere Atmosphere
A. a small coastal town experiencing a
D. All of the above
rainy summer
B. a coastal agricultural area using peri- 3767. Where water rises to the surface due to
odic irrigation the natural pressure in an aquifer.
C. a large region of growing cities and
farms
D. a growing coastal city undergoing a
drought
3764. The distance from the trough (bottom)

to the crest (top) of the wave is the
A. Aquifer
B. Watershed
C. Artesian Well
D. Geyser

1.1 HYDROLOGY 434
3768. What process in the water cycle is hap- C. the Ohio River
pening at step #2? D. the Mississippi River
3773. Tides are caused mainly by the differ-
ences in how much gravity from the moon
and the sun pulls on different parts of the
Earth.
A. True
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. False
3774. Unlike the poles, where the length of
A. evaporation each day changes drastically throughout
B. condensation the year, the length of each day at the
equator is
C. transpiration
A. Long
D. precipitation
B. Short
3769. The cycle through which water in the hy- C. Variable
D. Consistent (Steady, stable)
as evaporation, condensation, precipita-
tion, and surface and groundwater runoff 3775. Florida is home to more 1st magnitude
and infiltration springs than any other state in the nation.
A. evaporation A. True
B. permeability B. False
C. hydrologic cycle 3776. Do surface currents impact climate?
D. specific heat A. yes
3770. Wetland:a land area that is covered B. no
with a shallow layer of water during some 3777. The number of waves that pass a point
or all of the year. in a certain amount of time is the
A. True
B. False
3771. The most important variable in deter-

mining the ocean density is A. wavelength
A. salinity B. frequency
B. pH C. wave height
C. dissolved Oxygen D. none of above
D. temperature 3778. What causes deep ocean currents?
3772. What river flows through Fayetteville, A. moon’s gravitational pull
N.C.? B. temperature, density, salinity
A. the Neuse River C. wind
B. the Cape Fear River D. upwelling

1.1 HYDROLOGY 435
3779. As water in a river basin moves down- B. trench

stream, it can transfer
C. continental rise
A. Sand, gravel, and silt

B. Bacteria and organic matter
C. Chemicals & excess nutrients 3784. What percentage of Earth’s water is
saltwater?
D. All of the above
A. 100%
3780. Forms of precipitation are-
B. 97%
A. only sleet and snow
C. 25%
B. rain, sleet, hail, and snow
C. only dew and rain D. 3%
D. only snow and rain 3785. Which is the best way to CONSERVE wa-
3781. Rose makes a cup of hot tea. She places ter?
the cup of tea on the kitchen table and A. wash only small loads of laundry
waits for it to cool off. When she picks up
B. turn off lights when leaving a room
the cup a few minutes later, she notices
the kitchen table is warm where the cup C. repair leaking faucets
used to be. Which BEST explains the flow
D. watering your lawn in the middle of the
of energy between the cup and the table?
day
A. Heat transferred from the cup to the
table to warm the table. 3786. Much of the water that flows in river
B. Cold transferred from the table to the systems is direct runoff from precipitation.
cup to cool the tea. A. True
C. Heat transferred from the cup to the B. False
table, and cold was exchanged between
both. 3787. The diagram below shows Earth and the
D. Cold transferred from the table to the moon.In which position(s) will Earth’s tidal
cup, and heat was exchanged between bulge(s) occur?
both.
3782. As the human population , water

availability
A. decreases, increases
B. stays the same, increases
C. decreases, erosion
D. increases, decreases
A. 4 only
3783. What is a deep, steep-sided canyon in B. 1 and 4
the ocean floor? Created by a subduction
zone C. 3 and 4
A. seamount D. 2 and 4

1.1 HYDROLOGY 436
3788. Which type of tides have a larger tidal 3792. What is label G
range due to the Earth, Moon, and Sun
forming a line?
A. High/Low
B. Spring
C. Neap A. Trench
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Mid ocean ridge
3789. Which part of the water cycle is indi- C. abyssal plain
cated by the red arrow? D. sea mount
3793. Water that passes through a rock is said

to be
A. divided
B. salty
C. a watershed
A. Condensation D. permeable
B. Precipitation 3794. As you climb up a mountain what hap-
C. Evaporation pens to the air pressure?
D. Run Off A. decreases
B. increases
3790. How did salt end up in our Oceans?
C. stays the same
A. Over millions of years, rains, rivers
and streams have washed over rocks car- D. none of above
ryingaway salt into the Ocean.
3795. What ocean floor feature is shown at
B. Acid rain falls into the Ocean. It con- #4?
tains salts
A. Volcanic Island
C. Volcanoes let out salt when they erupt.
B. Seamount
D. Salt was always present in Oceans.
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
3791. Trying to roll a ball straight across a D. Continental Shelf
turning merry-go-round is a demonstra-
tion of what happens to global winds and 3796. Which of the following is an large under-
surface currents, causing them to curve. water wave that can cause lots of damage
What do scientists call this phenomenon? when it comes to land?
A. Revolution of the planet. A. tidal wave
B. Rotation of the planet. B. surface wave
C. Plate Tectonics C. tsunami
D. Coriolis Effect D. ocean wave

1.1 HYDROLOGY 437
3797. A wave created by displaced water; the A. The wind changes direction during
world’s biggest ripple night and day due to land breezes and sea
breezes.

A. a surge
B. a long reach B. The cold water sinks creating a deep
current and the warm water rises during
C. a high crest
upwelling.
D. A tsunami
C. The moon’s gravitational pull creates
3798. What type of weathering was responsi- bulges in Earth’s water creating high and
ble for the development of these caves? low tides.
D. The height of the water depends on the
rate of precipitation and evaporation dur-
ing that month.
3802. Which of these is a property of wa-

ter that allows it to transport materials
through Earth’s systems?
A. chemical weathering of limestone
A. It dissolves many substances
B. physical weathering of limestone
B. It is transparent
C. chemical weathering of sandstone
C. It expands as it solidifies
D. physical weathering of sandstone
D. It is a compound
3799. happens when water vapor be-
comes water droplets and forms clouds. 3803. When solid water changes directly from
A. transpiration a solid to a gas is called?
B. evaporation A. Evaporation
C. precipitation B. Transpiration
D. condensation C. Sublimation
3800. What is the flat land located on either D. Condensation
side of the mid-ocean ridge?
3804. Climate is
A. average weather of a place
B. daily conditions outside
C. abyssal plain
C. temperature and clouds
D. ocean basin
D. precipitation
3801. In the data table below, Simon recorded
the height of the water on his walks once a 3805. Where is most of the fresh water avail-
week for a month. What is the best expla- able for human use found?
nation as to why the height of the water
A. In lakes and rivers.
changes throughout the month.
B. As melt water from glaciers.
C. As shallow ground water.
D. As water vapor.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 438
3806. Which letter represents hydrogen? 3810. As water flows from the equator to-
wards the poles, it becomes dense and
begins to sink. As it warms at the equa-
tor, it becomes less dense and begins to
These density differences set currents
in motion.
A. more; rise
B. less; rise
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. more; sink
D. less; sink
A. A
3811. Tropical seas (oceans) have a high rate
B. B of evaporation. Because of this, the water
C. C in tropical seas will have a higher:
D. D A. Wave crests
B. Amounts of algae
3807. Water falling from the sky, due to grav-
ity. Can be liquid or ice. C. Salt concentrations
A. Evaporation D. Higher population of tourists
B. Condensation 3812. What can you infer about low-and high-
C. Precipitation pressure air masses?
D. Transpiration A. low pressure systems are associated
with stormy weather
3808. Inspect the data table above then an-
swer the following question. Which of B. high pressure systems are associated
Georgia’s lakes along the Chattahoochee with cyclones
River is likely to have the least impact on C. low and high pressure systems must
the water flowing downstream? meet to form a hurricane
D. low pressure systems are associated
with the southern hemisphere
3813. Earth’s atmosphere is divided into lay-

ers based on
A. Lake Lanier
A. Temperature changes
B. West Point Lake
B. relative humidity
C. Lake Eufaula
C. gas content
D. Lake Seminole.
D. altitude
3809. True or False:Soil, sand, and gravel are
permeable because there are spaces be- 3814. Water vapor given off by the leaves of
tween the particles. plants is called
A. true A. evaporation
B. false B. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 439
C. transpiration 3819. What is located beneath soil layers?

D. none of above A. Tundra

3815. Where can you find the MAJORITY of B. Lava
Earth’s fresh water? C. Humus
A. Atmosphere D. Bedrock
B. Lakes, rivers, and swamps
C. Icecaps/ Glaciers
D. Under ground in Groundwater
3816. What is the property of water that al-
lows it to stick to other things?
A. precipitation
B. infiltration
C. condensation
A. Polar-adhesion D. transpiration
B. Polar-cohesion
C. High specific heat
D. Density
3817. Wells in which water spouts out of an
aquifer due to pressure from surrounding
water.
A. salty oceans
B. freshwater lakes
A. Groundwater Wells C. freshwater ponds
B. Aquifer Wells D. glaciers
C. Porosity Wells 3822. Which example is best to describe the
D. Artesian Wells total amount of water on Earth from the
GREATEST to LEAST amounts?
3818. Freshwater makes up % of Earth’s
A. Lake Lanier, The Atlantic Ocean,
water.
Antarctica’s Larsen Ice Shelf
A. 97%
B. Lake Lanier, Antarctica’s Larsen Ice
B. 50% Shelf, The Atlantic Ocean
C. 75% C. The Atlantic Ocean, Antarctica’s
D. 3% Larsen Ice Shelf, Lake Lanier

1.1 HYDROLOGY 440
D. The Atlantic Ocean, Lake Lanier, 3827. Pollution that comes from a specific site
Antarctica’s Larsen Ice Shelf A. Point Source
3823. Water boiling is an example of B. Non-point Source
A. conduction C. One source
B. radiation D. No-source
C. density 3828. Describe the general relationship be-
D. convection tween the amount of infiltration and the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
amount of runoff represented by B.
3824. Which is a potential harmful effect of
dumping chemicals into a sewer system?
A. global warming
B. increased erosion
C. sinkholes forming
D. water pollution A. Direct-as infiltration increases, runoff
3825. Where are metals located on the peri- decreases
odic table? B. Direct-as infiltration increases, runoff
also increases
C. Inverse-as infiltration increases,
runoff decreases
D. Inverse-as infiltration decreases,
runoff also decreases
3829. The process of changing a vapor into
A. Blue
a liquid, which occurs when warm vapor
B. Green mixes with cooler air in the atmosphere
C. Red A. Transpiration
D. none of above B. Evaporation
3826. In which course does the river bank C. Condensation
have a U-shape? D. Precipitation
3830. What type of tides would this arrange-
ment of earth-moon-sun create?
A. Upper Course A. neap tide

B. Middle Course B. spring tide
C. Lower Course C. new moon tide
D. none of above D. full moon tide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 441
3831. The process of water soaking into the 3836. What are the types of ocean currents?
top layer of soil

A. Infiltration
B. Percolation
C. Runoff
D. Sublimation
3832. One way to directlyincrease runoff is to

increase
A. Free form and Deep Ocean
B. Deep Ocean and Surface
C. Surface and Free form
D. none of above
3837. If a river’s headwater originated on the

A. precipitation east coast of the Appalachian Mountains,
its base level would be
B. infiltration
A. Atlantic Ocean
C. condensation
D. evaporation B. Pacific Ocean
C. Gulf of Mexico
3833. How do scientist detect the features on
the ocean floor? D. none of above
A. sonar
3838. How would heavy cloud cover most
B. scuba divers likely affect the water cycle?
C. submarines A. Sunlight reflecting off the clouds would
D. cameras increase the rate of precipitation.
3834. Why is it a bad idea to build in a flood- B. Sunlight reflecting off the clouds would
plain? decrease the rate of condensation
A. You could get run over by a glacier C. Less sunlight reaching the surface
would decrease the rate of evaporation.
B. You could get washed away by a wave
C. You could get flooded D. Less sunlight reaching the surface
would increase the rate of transpiration.
D. The ground is too unstable for building
3839. What makes the currents in the North-
3835. Which water cycle step has water build-
ern Hemisphere CURVE to the right?
ing up in an ocean or lake?
A. Accumulation A. longshore drift
B. Runoff B. density
C. Infiltration C. Coriolis Effect
D. Groundwater D. moon’s gravity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 442
3840. As the population in an area grows, wa- B. global warming

ter usage increases. Eventually, water us- C. increase in population
agecan exceed the supply. Which action
demonstrates the BEST way to reserve our D. expansion of agricultural areas
watersupply? 3845. When the moon is at full moon or new
A. Discovering new reservoirs of water in moon, what type of tide will we experi-
the aquifer. ence?
B. Reducing water usage through conser- A. rip tide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
vation measures. B. spring tide
C. Combining hydrogen with oxygen to C. neap tide
make water.
D. breaker tide
D. Piping in water from an aquifer else-
where. 3846. percentage of the earth’s water that is
in the oceans and is salt water
3841. Water droplets in the atmosphere even-
tually become so heavy that they fall back A. 97.5
to Earth’s surface in the form of rain, B. 96.5
snow, hail or sleet is called C. 96.5
A. evaporation D. 90
B. precipitation
3847. What causes cold, deep currents to form
C. condensation in the oceans near the poles?
D. transpiration A. sinking of dense, cold water with high
salinity
3842. The term used to describe water leaving
Earth’s surface is B. the Coriolis Effect
A. Evaporation C. movement of a large mass of warm wa-
ter across the Pacific
B. Condensation
D. sinking of cold, fresh water from melt-
C. Precipitation
ing icebergs
D. Accumulation
3848. The amount of freshwater on earth is
3843. Which of the following is not a negative what percentage
effects of groundwater depletion? (EEn
A. 97%
2.4.2)
B. 20%
A. drying up of wells
C. 10%
B. increase of water in streams and lakes
D. 3%
C. deterioration of water quality
D. increased pumping cost 3849. What gives the water cycle its energy
A. sun
3844. Which is most likely the largest contribu-
tor to a decrease in North Carolina’s water B. moon
availability? C. fire
A. evaporation D. ice

1.1 HYDROLOGY 443
3850. Which of the following is NOT true 3853. Why is the ice melting in picture Y, but
about the Big Bang Theory? not pictureX?

A. It is the scientific explanation of how
life began on Earth and evolved over time.
B. It is the scientific explanation for the
origin of the universe.
C. It states that the universe expanded
from a single point and is still expanding
today.
A. The Sun’s energy is heating the ice and
D. It states that the universe used to be turningit into water.
much hotter and smaller.
B. The Sun’s energy is heating the water
3851. The diagram represents three contain- andturning it into ice.
ers, A, B, and C, which were filled with
equal volumes of uniformly sorted plastic C. The clouds are heating the ice and
beads. Water was poured into each con- turning it intowater
tainer to determine porosity and infiltra- D. The clouds are heating the water and
tion time. See picture for question turning itinto ice.
3854. Gradually, the cracks in the rock enlarge

until this is formed
A. tide
B. cave
C. crest
A. 1
D. none of above
B. 2
C. 3 3855. What process is occurring a three?
D. 4

with the letter H?
A. Evaporation
A. Indian Ocean
B. Runoff
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean C. Precipitation
D. Arctic Ocean D. Condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 444
3856. In which course would it flood the most, B. air temperature decreases and precip-
and because of this create floodplains? itation also decreases
C. air temperature decreases and precip-
itation increases
D. air temperature increases and precipi-
tation also increases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the red circle?
A. Upper Course
B. Middle Course
C. Lower Course
D. none of above
3857. Which is colder, land or water, during

the day? A. Evaporation
A. land B. Precipitation
B. water C. Infiltration
3858. The cycle through which water in the hy- D. Transpiration
as evaporation, precipitation, and surface 3862. How well water flows through a sub-
and groundwater runoff strate.
A. Hydrologic cycle A. Permeability
B. Hydrosphere B. Porosity/Pore space
C. River Basin C. Water table
D. Hydrothermal vents D. Run off
E. Infiltration 3863. The diagram shows an effect of erosion
on an environment. Which of the following
3859. The smooth gently sloping, shallow area was most likely responsible for the forma-
of the ocean floor that extends outward tion of this rock canyon over time?
from the edge of a continent
C. Abyssal Plain
D. Seamount
3860. The amount of chemical weathering will

increase if
A. air temperature increases and precipi- A. Melting of ice
tation decreases B. Deposition of sediment

1.1 HYDROLOGY 445
C. Freezing temperatures 3868. Which feature is number 2 on this pic-

ture?
D. Flowing water

3864. Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers
are examples of what?
A. Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. Compaction A. Cut bank
3865. What ocean floor feature is represented B. Point bar

by letter B? C. Alluvial fan
D. Delta
3869. penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or

gas to pass through
A. mid-ocean ridge A. neap tide

B. continental shelf B. temperature
C. abyssal plain
C. currents
D. ocean trench
D. permeable
3866. Confluence
A. A smaller river leading to the main 3870. South America is the continent that is
stream the color
B. The start of a river

C. The meeting point of two rivers
D. The point where the river meets the
sea
3867. When water evaporates from the ocean,

what happens to the salt in the water?
A. The salt does not evaporate and is left A. white
behind.
B. green
B. The salt evaporates with the water and
becomes a gas in the air. C. gray
C. The salt freezes into solid crystals D. blue
D. The salt condenses and sinks deeper
into the ocean 3871. What is #3?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 446
3874. Non-Renewable resources are also

known as what?
A. natural resources
B. fossil fuels
C. extinctual power
D. solar powered
3875. Of the billions of stars in our galaxy,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
why is the Sun the only star in the galaxy
that supplies energy to Earth?
A. The Sun is the closest star.
B. The Sun is the hottest star.
C. The Sun is the biggest star.
A. Delta
D. The Sun is the oldest star.
B. riverbank
C. source 3876. Point Source Pollution is
D. mouth A. Easily traced to a specific source
B. Not easily traced to a specific source
3872. Which is a non-point source of pollution?
/ What is a diffuse pollution source? C. The same as non-point source pollu-
tion
A. toxic waste given off by a chemical re-
D. Only from factory drainage pipes
search facility
B. exhaust from car tailpipes 3877. Which is responsible for the formation
of stalactites?
C. emissions ejected from smokestacks /
fábricas
D. fertilizers washed away from farm-
lands by runoff / escorrentía
3873. What do we call a giant wave caused by

an earthquake on the ocean floor? A. earthquake uplift
B. drought conditions
C. underground rivers
D. dissolving chemicals
3878. branch of hydrology that deals with the

distribution and movement of groundwa-
ter is called
A. Breaker A. Eco Hydrology
B. Tidal Bore B. Hydrogeology
C. Surface Current C. Hydrometeorology
D. Tsunami D. Drainage Basin Management

1.1 HYDROLOGY 447
3879. waterproof suit with heavy helmet and A. adhesion

air supply B. capillary action
A. Newt Suit

C. cohesion
B. Snorkel D. surface tension
C. Scuba Gear
D. none of above ocean fishermen?
3880. A land area that is saturated with wa- A. They bring nutrients from the cold,
ter for part of the year and supports plants deep ocean waters
adapted to the wet conditions is called:
B. They provide ocean currents that
A. wetland travel to the equator
B. swampy C. They cause cold water to sink
C. river basin D. They are known to be good luck
D. estuary
3885. if a body of water has high turbidity lev-
3881. An ecosystem where all water runoff els, what can most likely be concluded?
drains into a single body of water
A. Watership
B. Lake
C. Watershed
D. Ecosystem
3882. What does evapotranspiration mean? A. it has low pH
A. Loss of water from the soil both my B. it is unsafe to drink
evaporation from the soil surface and by C. it is too hot to drink
transpiration from the leaves of the plants
growing on it D. it contains lots of chemicals
B. Where water is stored 3886. What is a drawback to the extensive

C. The change in state of water from a liq- use of irrigation?
uid to a gas A. Crops do not receive sufficient water
D. none of above B. Flooding increases
3883. The attraction that causes water and C. Groundwater levels increase
other liquids to form drops on thin films D. Pollution increases
is called This is also water’s ability to
be attraction to other water molecules. 3887. A drainage basin or river basin is
A. the channel of a stream
B. the land covered by floodwaters
C. the land area that contributes water to
a river
D. all streams that flow directly to the
ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 448
3888. Look at the World’s Current Map below. runoff, soil moisture, evapotransmission,
What causes currents such as the Kuroshio and glacial mass balance.
Current and the Peru Current to flow in A. The geography
curved patterns?
B. Geohydrology
C. Hydrology
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3892. the land area from which runoff drains
into a stream, channel, lake, reservoir, or
other body of water
A. Water Cycle
B. Runoff
C. Groundwater
A. differences in temperature
D. Watershed
C. the Coriolis Effect 3893. Which surface would have the most
runoff after a rainstorm?
D. The boy
3889. Which statement about the relationship

between the ocean and atmosphere is A.
most accurate?
A. Ocean currents do not affect the atmo-
sphere
B. The atmosphere stores more heat B.
than the ocean.
C. The ocean can hold heat more effi-
ciently than the air. C.
D. Ocean currents can move faster than
air or wind currents.
3890. Tributary D.
A. A smaller river leading to the main

channel 3894. Where is ocean water the densest?
B. The meeting point of two rivers A. The surface
C. The start of the river B. The middle
D. The edge of the drainage basin C. The bottom
3891. It is a branch of earth sciences that D. A hair road cancer

studies water, its distribution, circula- 3895. Where is most fresh water found?
tion, and physical, chemical and mechanical
properties in the oceans, atmosphere and A. in the oceans
Earth’s surface. This includes precipitation, B. frozen at the poles

1.1 HYDROLOGY 449
C. rivers, lakes, and streams A. On the top of the stream

D. none of above B. Water with high Velocity

3896. This diagram represents: C. On the outside of the stream bend
D. On the inside of the stream bend
3901. An Abyssal Plain is similiar to

A. Cont. Shelf
B. The Grand Canyon
A. Solar Eclipse C. The Great Plains
B. Lunar Eclipse
D. Hidden Valley
C. Neap Tide
D. Spring Tide
Letter D?
3897. Pollution that can be traced to a specific
point such as a pipe, ditch or tunnel.
A. Litter
B. Point source pollution
C. Non-point source pollution A. Continental Shelf
D. Contaminant B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
3898. If people in an area have limited access C. Abyssal Plain
to freshwater resources, what will most D. none of above
likely result?
3903. A natural system linking by living
A. an increase in the number of aquifers
(plants, animals) and nonliving (soil, air,
supplying water to the area
water) things.
B. a decrease in sanitation and increase
in disease in the area
C. a decrease in weathering and erosion
in the area
D. an increase in biodiversity in the area
3899. Rivers, lakes, and springs, are sources
A. ecosystem
of salt water
B. watershed
A. true
C. river basin
B. false
D. estuary
3900. Where will deposition occur?
3904. a surface current is caused by what
A. nothing
B. something
C. wind
D. fast

1.1 HYDROLOGY 450
3905. A large underground body of water A. is the footprint of ecologist

A. aquifer B. is a measure of the impact living things
B. well have on the environment.
C. lake C. is a kind of plant that grows in the rain-

forrest.
D. none of above
D. a measure of the impact humans have
3906. The power of the water cycle ultimately on the environment.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
comes from the sun.
A. True
B. False
3907. The salts in the sea come from what?

A. Acid Rain
B. Particles falling from space
C. organisms that live in the sea
D. weathering and erosion of rocks A. It can be used to study the effects of
climate change on water resources.
3908. the chemically weathered rock with
holes that stores water underground B. It can be used to study the entire wa-
ter system on a manageable scale.
A. infiltration
C. It can be used to determine the cur-
B. density
rent amount of freshwater available for
C. aquifer consumption.
D. groundwater D. It can be used to determine which ar-
eas will receive rain in a particular time
3909. How might urban sprawl affect water
frame.
availability?
A. Water will become more available as 3912. What is the correct percentage of salt-
urban areas expand water vs. freshwater?
B. Urban areas will dig deeper wells to A. 50% salt water, 50% fresh water
reach water B. 97% salt water, 3% fresh water
C. Urban sprawl changes the shape of the C. 97% fresh water, 3% salt water
land and the watershed that supplies river D. 70% salt water, 30% fresh water
systems.
3913. Which is the opposite of condensation?
D. More water resources will appear
3910. What is the definition of ecological foot-

print?
A. runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 451
B. evaporation 3917. Which type of pollution comes out of a

C. precipitation pipe?

D. transpiration A. Point source pollution
B. Nonpoint source pollution
3914. Most of the Fresh water on Earth is
C. Air pollution
D. Riparian buffer
3918. What is the name for the movement of

deep, cold an nutrient-rich water to the
surface?
A. upwelling
B. benthos
A. in the ocean C. thermocline
B. underground D. desalination
C. frozen
3919. which is NOT true about groundwater?
D. in rivers
3915. The continental slope is located at the

end of the
A. shoreline
C. mid ocean ridge
D. abyssal plain
A. Groundwater is the largest freshwater
3916. A student observes a picture of a source on Earth
storm that has a funnel-shaped cloud, as B. Groundwater is fresh water stored or
shown.If unable to find shelter, which lo- moving beneath the Earth’s surface
cation is most secure when such a storm
strikes? C. Groundwater is a major source of wa-
ter for streams and rivers when precipita-
tion becomes scarce.
D. Groundwater can cause problems
when it is not considered when conducting
engineering projects.
3920. Submarine canyons are believed to have

been created by
A. inside a car A. rivers during the ice age
B. near a window B. earthquakes
C. in an open area C. lost ships
D. in a low-lying ditch D. subduction

1.1 HYDROLOGY 452
3921. Which of the following is not a cited C. the conversion of liquid to gas
sources of lake pollution? D. the conversion of gas to another gas
A. coal-fired power plants
3927. At which ocean floor land form or fea-
B. agriculture ture does sea-floor spreading occur?
C. dams A. trench
D. stormwater run-off B. mid-ocean ridge
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3922. The portion of the soil which is filled
with air D. abyssal plain
A. Zone of Aeration 3928. The is the part of the solution that
B. Zone of Saturation dissolves the other substance.
A. Large molecule
C. Water table
B. small molecule
D. Water Cycle
C. solute
3923. During condensation water changes D. solvent
from
3929. Although some ocean pollution is the re-
A. solid ice to liquid water
sult of natural occurrences, most pollution
B. liquid water to water vapor (gas) is related to
C. water vapor (gas) to liquid water A. global warming
drops B. human activities
D. none of above C. ozone depletion
3924. How does the Gulf Stream affect the D. upwelling
British Isles? 3930. Which of the following refers to the dry,
A. It makes it warmer and tropical. landward side of the shoreline?
B. It makes it cooler and mild.
C. It makes it warmer and mild.
D. It makes it cooler and polar.
3925. Which area on Earth would probably

add the greatest amount of water to the
water cycle through evaporation?
A. cold lake A. foreshore
B. backshore
B. warm (tropical) ocean
C. mountain rock 3931. What most likely causes dew to disap-
pear during the day?
D. desert sand
A. evaporation
3926. What is condensation? B. sublimation
A. the conversion of a gas to liquid C. precipitation
B. the conversion of solid to liquid D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 453
3932. How does the air move in a land

breeze?

A. From east to west
B. From west to east
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. From the land to the ocean
D. From the ocean to the land
C. Deep Ocean Trench
3933. What process is represent by point 6? D. none of above
3936. What is the correct letter for condensa-

tion
A. Condensation
B. Transpiration
A. B
C. Evaporation
B. C
D. Infiltration
C. A
3934. Correct explanation for the figure? D. F
3937. On which side of a meandering stream

does an oxbow lake form?
A. In the straight part of the stream.
B. By the inside of the curve.
C. By the outside of the curve.
D. Near the end of the stream.
A. -A natural unit of land upon which wa- 3938. DEEP, STEEP sided CANYON in the
ter from precipitation or any storage col- OCEAN FLOOR.
lects in a channel and flows downhill to a
common outlet. A. Abyssal plain
B. Trench
B. -An area having a common outlet for
its surface runoff. 3939. What best describes brackish water?
C. An area having a lot of rivers A. Water with high salinity levels.
D. A divider for the land with same river B. freshwater with no salt content
3935. What ocean floor feature is located at C. Water only found in the Dead Sea
Letter A? D. freshwater mixed with salt water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 454
3940. The area drained by a river is known as 3944. The top of a wave is called?
A. amplitude
A. The confluence B. trough
B. The Hydroloigical Cycle C. wavelength
C. A drainage basin D. crest
D. The watershed
3945. An area filled with water, localized in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3941. Which of the following is the BEST ex- a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart
planation for why oceans have two differ- from any river or other outlet that serves
ent types of currents? to feed or drain the lake.
A. Surface currents are caused by differ- A. ocean
ences in density whereas deep currents B. river
are caused by wind.
C. lake
B. Surface currents are caused by wind
D. aquifer
whereas deep currents are caused by dif-
ferences in density. 3946. What human activity uses the most wa-
C. Surface currents are caused by tem- ter, worldwide?
perature differences whereas deep cur- A. drinking
rents are caused by changes in salinity.
B. industry
changes in salinity whereas deep currents C. agriculture
are caused by changes in temperature. D. bathing
3942. More evaporation occurs 3947. The process in which a solid changes di-
rectly into a gas. (Example:Snow turns
A. at night
into Water Vapor)
B. during the day
A. Deposition
3943. What phase of the water cycle is letter B. Transpiration
C? C. Sublimation
D. Precipitation
3948. What is the difference between a delta

and an alluvial fan?
A. A delta is much older than an alluvial
fan.
B. An alluvial fan is much more fragile
than a delta.
A. evaporation
C. A delta forms in water, and an alluvial
B. condensation
fan forms on land.
C. groundwater D. An alluvial fan forms in water, and a
D. transpiration delta forms on land.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 455
3949. Which of the following areas in the A. Ocean

ocean is likely to have the lowest salinity? B. Groundwater

A. the mouth of a river where it empties C. Rivers and lakes
into the ocean
D. Glaciers and icecaps
B. a warm, tropical sea
C. the cold Arctic Ocean 3954. What symbolizes a seamount?
D. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
3950. Which continents border the Atlantic

Ocean?
A. North America, South American, Asia,
Australia A. 2
B. Asia, Australia, Africa B. 3
C. North America, South America, Eu- C. 6
rope, Africa D. 8
D. South American, Europe, Asia, Aus-
3955. Why does convection take place?
trailia
A. warm air is more dense than light air
3951. The distance that air travels over open
B. warn and cold air have the same den-
water to create waves.
sity
C. cold air is less dense than warm air
D. cold air is more dense than warm air
3956. How much of the water on Earth is

freshwater?
A. wave height A. 3%
B. wave length B. 50%
C. fetch
C. 70%
D. Upwelling
D. 90%
3952. A place wher the water table inter-
3957. Land subsidence happens when
sects with the ground surface, and where
groundwater flows is called a A. there is too much groundwater
A. spring B. aquifers are over-pumped
B. an aquitar C. streams and rivers erode the shore
C. a geyser D. the water table rises due to flooding
D. a fissure 3958. Which of the following is an under-
3953. According to scientists, only 1% of the ground layer ofwater-bearing permeable
water on Earth is available for human use. rock or gravel fromwhich groundwater can
Where is this available water most likely be extracted?
found? A. aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 456
B. spring 3963. When is “hurricane season”?

C. well A. in the spring time and early summer-
D. river time (April-June)
B. spring and fall
3959. When you are walking in the water
along the beach, you are actually walking C. fall and winter
on the D. spring and winter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. trench
3964. Land breezes happen
A. At night
B. During the day
D. abyssal plain
C. At night and during the day
3960. what is the process of water droplets or
D. none of above
ice crystals falling from the sky?
A. evaporating 3965. The salts in oceans and seas come from
B. condensing A. Weathering and erosion of rocks.
C. precipitating B. Acid rain.
D. runoff C. Particles falling from space.
3961. In which part of the water cycle does D. Organisms that live in the sea.
liquid change to gas?
3966. Water that flows in layers in a river
channel is known as
A. rapid flow
B. laminar flow
C. turbulent flow
D. layer flow
A. Part 1
B. Part 2 3967. The continuous process by which water
moves from Earth’s surface to the atmo-
C. Part 3 sphere and back, driven by energy from
D. Part 4 the sun and gravity
A. Evaporation
3962. Which of the following is NOT an exam-
ple of radiation? B. Water Cycle
A. heat from an oven C. Transpiration
B. heat from a lightbulb D. Precipitation
C. heat from a fire
3968. The image to the right shows water
D. heat from the sun travelling as which flux:

1.1 HYDROLOGY 457
3973. Which of the following plays a large

part in water moving up the small tubes
that make up trees from the roots to the

leaves?
A. Adhesion
B. Capillary Action
A. stormwater runoff C. Cohesion
B. precipitation
C. infiltration
D. groundwater 3974. The top boundary of the zone of sat-
uration in an aquifer which can fluctuate
3969. How do deep ocean currents form?
based on precipitation and the amount of
A. The form as warm, dense water sinks draw from wells
and flows beneath cold ocean water.
A. aquifer
B. They form as cold, dense water sinks
and flows beneath warm ocean water. B. water table
C. They form as warm, dense water sinks C. watershed
and flows with other warm ocean water.
D. drainage system
D. The wind blows causing the deep
ocean currents.
3975. What is the Chemical name for Salt?
3970. The temperature at which condensation
A. Salinity
occurs
A. evaporation point B. Salty
B. temperature C. Salt Chloride
C. condensation D. Sodium Chloride
D. dew point
3976. What is occurring at A in the diagram?
3971. Takes a lot of energy for water to
change temperature. Means stable tem-
peratures for coastal areas.
A. specific heat
B. permeability
C. surface water
D. watershed
3972. How do rain droplets form?
A. runoff
A. evaporation of water vapor
B. precipitation
B. condensation of water vapor
C. transpiration of water vapor C. evaporation
D. none of above D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 458
3977. How are lakes important to people all B. Salinity

over the world? C. Saltiness
A. they provide water for crops D. Tides
B. they provide recreational opportuni-
ties 3981. Frozen raindrops falling from clouds are
called
C. they provide sources of food
A. hail
D. all of the above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. sleet
3978. Suppose there is a drought in this area.
C. snow
The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here? D. freezing rain
3982. The area that stretches from the highest

high-tide line on land out to the point of
the continental shelf exposed by the low-
est low tide is called the
A. intertidal zone.
B. deep zone
A. The river will immediately rise again. C. neritic zone.
B. The water table will rise. D. estuary zone.
C. The water table will fall. 3983. Damage measured by the Fujita Scale
D. A new aquifer will form. A. Tornado
3979. The image shows the stages in the wa- B. Hurricane
ter cycle. Which letter shows the stage
3984. Potential or Kinetic energy?holding a
when water flows back to bodies of wa-
stretched rubberband
ter as runoff?
A. potential
A. W B. kinetic
B. X 3985. Where does most of the water that
C. Y evaporates on Earth come from?
D. Z A. The Sky
3980. What term is the measure of dissolved B. The wind

salts in water? C. Ocean
A. Thermocline D. The lake

1.1 HYDROLOGY 459
3986. Which river is NOT a major river in PA? B. Trench

A. Susquehanna C. Volcanic Island

B. Allegheny D. Seamount
C. Ohio 3990. Of all of Earth’s water, approximately
D. Juniata what percent is available for human use?
E. Mississippi A. 1
B. 3
3987. The Gulf Stream is a current that car-
ries water from the across the Atlantic C. 30
Ocean promoting milder temperatures in D. 97
England.
3991. With the exception of tsunamis, waves
are powered by
A. wind
B. sunshine
C. landslides
D. fish
3992. The amount of sediment a river can
A. cold, equator carry is referred to as its
B. warm, Gulf of Mexico A. discharge
C. cold, Gulf of Mexico B. capacity
D. warm, South America C. gradient
D. zone of saturation
3988. What is the correct order of ocean to-
pography from the coast outward? 3993. What is a difference between spring and
A. abyssal plain, continental slope, conti- neap tides?
nental shelf
B. continental slope, continental shelf,
abyssal plain
C. continental shelf, continental slope,
abyssal plain
D. abyssal plain, continental shelf, conti-
nental slope
3989. What is letter G?

A. Spring tides occurwhen the earth and
sun are IN LINE with the new or full moon.
B. Spring tides occur when moon in 3rd
or 1stquarter phases
C. Spring tides are LOWER than neap
A. Cont. Shelf tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 460
D. Spring tides occur in Spring and neap B. Middle Course

tides can occur in any season
C. Lower Course
3994. The process of removing salt from salt- D. none of above
water. The process has two categories dis-
tillation or reverse osmosis. 3997. What does label D represent on the pic-
ture?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Desalination A. continental slope
B. Osmosis B. continental shelf
C. Detoxification C. abyssal plain
D. Salt Water Purge D. mid ocean ridge
3998. What are the 3 states of water on

earth?
Explanation: A. groundwater, lakes, clouds
B. liquid water, frozen water, water va-
por
C. gas, steam, vapor
In reverse osmosis-pressure forces par-
ticles through a semipermeable (limiting) D. groundwater, oceans, ice
membrane to separate particles-almost
3999. Water released from a river, lake, or
like a high pressure filter.
ocean to the atmosphere
3995. The density of seawater is fresh wa- A. Transpiration
ter.
B. Evaporation
A. Greater than
C. Advection
B. Less than
D. Sublimation
3996. In which course is the river at the high-
est altitude? 4000. A student takes a bottle of cold water
from the refrigerator and leaves it on the
of the bottle. What scientific phenomenon
bottle?
A. Upper Course creased causing water droplets to form.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 461
B. Condensation, because the tempera- 4005. Which of the following is an example of

ture of the air nearest the bottle de- non-point-source pollution?

A. wastewater from a leaking pipe
form
B. chemical run-off from lawns
C. Evaporation, because the temperature
of the air nearest the bottle increased C. oil from a leaking underground tank
causing the water droplets to form D. chemicals released from a paper mill
of the air nearest the bottle decreased 4006. Suitable for drinking
causing the water droplets to form A. Potable
4001. Most water vapor in the atmosphere B. Permeable
comes from: C. Polarity
A. Evaporation from oceans
D. Precipitation
B. Evaporation from soil
E. Aquifer
C. Transpiration from plants
D. The burning of fossil fuels 4007. A steep incline of the ocean floor leading
down from the continental shelf.
4002. Which of the following represents a non-
A. Seamount
point source of water pollution?
A. Toxic waste given off by a chemical re- B. Mid ocean ridge
search facility C. Continental slope
B. Exhaust given off by car tailpipes D. none of above
C. Emissions ejected from smokestacks
4008. Which technology is used to explore the
D. Fertilizers washed away from farm- deepest parts of the ocean?
lands by runoff
A. SCUBA
4003. A one-day rainfall of 18 hours at Sta-
B. satellites
tion C was found to have a return period of
50 years. The probability that a one-day C. human-operated submarines
rainfall of this or larger magnitude will not D. remotely operated vehicles (ROVs)
occur at station C during the next 50 years
is: 4009. What ocean floor feature is represented
A. 0.636 by letter C?
B. 0.020
C. 0.364
D. 0.371
4004. First day of spring
A. Autumnal Equinox A. mid-ocean ridge
B. Summer Solstice B. ocean trench
C. Winter Solstice C. abyssal plain
D. Vernal Equinox D. continental slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 462
4010. The only gas that can exist as a solid, a 4014. Which of the following would be the
liquid, and a gas in the atmosphere is LEAST dense?
A. oxygen A. cold fresh water
B. water vapor B. cold salt water
C. warm fresh water
C. nitrogen
D. warm salt water
D. carbon dioxide
4015. What causes ocean surface currents?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4011. High levels of which is likely to improve A. the moon
biotic index of a stream?
B. the wind
A. algae growth
C. water density
B. decaying matter D. centripetal force
C. suspended solids
4016. What are deep currents caused by?
D. dissolved oxygen A. surface winds
4012. What happens to the temperature of the B. upwelling

ocean water as you descend to the bot- C. Coriolis Effect
tom? D. differences in density
A. temperature increases 4017. Water is a very important part of the
B. temperature decreases physical weathering of rock. Which of
these properties of water is MOST impor-
C. temperature remains the same
tant in causing some of the physical weath-
D. temperature increases and then de- ering of rock?
creases A. Water is a liquid at room temp.
4013. According to this diagram, what are two B. Water can contain different minerals
methods by which water is converted to C. Water expands when it freezes
vapor? (Select TWO answers) D. Water dissolves many chemicals
4018. River, streams and oceans are all points
of in the water cycle.
A. collection
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. evaporation
4019. The flow of water of the land.
A. Condensation
A. Evaporation
B. Transpiration B. Condensation
C. Evaporation C. Precipitation
D. Precipitation D. Surface run-off

1.1 HYDROLOGY 463
4020. What follows evaporation during the 4025. What process of the water cycle would
water cycle? How does this occur? allow your hair to dry outside after swim-
ming?

B. Water vapor condenses and forms a
cloud
4021. Watersheds includes surface water and

ground water. Which of the following are A. condensation
surface water?
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. collection
4026. Examples of permeable materials in-

clude all except
A. rocks
A. Lakes, ponds, creeks streams, ocean, B. sand
rivers
C. clay
B. Wells, water table, aquifers
D. soil
4022. A wide, flat area of the ocean floor that
is covered with a thick layer of sediment. 4027. A smaller stream or river that feeds into
A. Abyssal Plain a main river
B. Mid-Ocean Ridge A. Marsh
C. Continental Shelf B. Swamp
D. Continental Slope C. Tributary
4023. Conduction is the transfer of heat D. Wetland
A. through liquids and gases. 4028. Why are water conservation and pollu-
B. through empty space. tion control important for future genera-
C. through direct contact. tions?
D. through liquid and contact. A. Waste and pollution will lead to less
rainfall over land.
B. Waste will lead to less water in the
found?
oceans, rivers, and lakes.
A. Oceans
C. Pollution will cause an increase in
B. Lakes tourism in beach communities.
C. Underground D. Pollution and waste will lead to a short-
D. Ice caps and glaciers age of clean water for human use.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 464
4029. Does evaporation happen before or af- C. akaryotic

ter condensation? D. bekaryotic
4034. The natural chemical or physical pro-
cesses that breaks down rock on Earth’s
surface.
A. weathering
B. erosion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. deposition
D. jackhammering
A. before
4035. which of these characteristics will pro-
B. after duce the most dense water?
C. during A. high salinity, high temperature
D. none of above B. high salinity, low temperature
4030. Which stage of the water cycle is di- C. low salinity, high temperature
rectly responsible for forming frost? D. low salinity, low temperature
A. precipitation
4036. Which part of the ocean would have the
B. collection lowest salinity?
C. evaporation A. in areas near melting glaciers
D. condensation B. in areas where there is little rainfall
4031. If a cold front is currently passing C. in areas near the equator
through the city of Denver, what type of D. in areas with the highest tempera-
weather conditions is Denver most likely tures
experiencing?
4037. The diagram above represents the meet-
A. warm, foggy weather ing of two air masses. The air mass on the
B. cooler, dry weather left formed over a polar region and the air
mass on the right formed over a tropical
C. hot, dry weather
region. Which type of front is pictured in
D. thunderstorms the diagram?
4032. When a river is carrying rock and dirt
from erosion, that dirt is called
A. till
B. sediment
C. tumble
D. muck
A. cold front
4033. What kind of cell is bacteria? B. warm front
A. prokaryotic C. occluded front
B. eukaryotic D. stationary front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 465
4038. The amount of available freshwater re- 4042. The property of water that allows it to
sources can be maximized by: remove large amounts of heat.
A. High heat of vaporization

A. Increased infiltration to fertilize crops
B. Reduced treatment by wastewater B. High specific heat
treatment facilities C. Density
C. Reduction in measures to prevent ar- D. Cohesion
senic contamination
4043. Which statement BEST describes how
D. Laws regulating the amount of pollu- heat move through the world’s oceans?
tion that can be discharged into a river
A. Cold water moves away from the equa-
4039. What ocean feature is located at B? tor and picks up heat at the poles.
B. Heat energy is transported from the
equator to the poles.
4044. An aquifer is
A. impermeable rock
B. frozen stores of water
C. a body of permeable rock which can
B. continental slope contain or transmit groundwater
C. seamount D. a body of permeable rock which does
D. volcanic island not hold water
4040. Of all the water in the world, how much 4045. Which era best represents when hu-
is not salt or frozen for our drinking needs mans first appeared on Earth?
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 5%
4041. In the figure, “H” is ?

A. Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic
C. Paleozoic
D. Precambrian
4046. What is a trough?

A. an intrusion A. highest point on a wave
B. a splitting spike B. lowest point on a wave
C. a contusion C. longest point on a wave
D. an inclusion D. shortest point on a wave

1.1 HYDROLOGY 466
4047. The California Current (west coast) car- B. the air temperature will be high
ries water from canada
C. the amount of fog in the air will be low
A. Cold
D. the amount of water vapor in the air
B. Warm will be high
C. Freezing
4052. Which of the following environments
D. Fresh would NOTcontain fossils?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4048. Look at the image below. Which config-
uration of rocks would be MORE porous?
A. a thick deposit of dried mud

A. A B. sediment deposited in a riverbed
B. B C. layers of sand that accumulated over
thousands of years
C. The porosity is the same; it’s just the
size of the rocks that is different. D. intrusive rock formed from cooled
D. These are permeable to water, but not magma
porous.
4053. Water released off of plants
4049. What are the 3 main fossil fuels? A. Sublimation
A. sun, wind, rain B. Advection
B. plants, coal, humans
C. Transpiration
C. Coal, oil, and natural gas
D. Evaporation
D. oil, gas, wind
4054. Surface water soaks into the soil.
4050. What ocean is located between Africa
and Asia? A. Seepage
A. Atlantic Ocean B. Runoff
B. Pacific Ocean C. Tributary
C. Southern Ocean D. Evaporation
D. Arctic Ocean
4055. True or False? Watersheds are impor-
E. Indian Ocean tant to coastal regions like Florida, but are
just as important to other environments as
4051. The weather report says that today will
well.
be humid. which of the following state-
ments best describes today’s weather? A. True
A. the air pressure will be low B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 467
4056. A forms because of the accumulation 4061. Water on the surface of the earth expe-
of snow that squeezes all air out of it due riences evaporation due to
to overlying pressure. Eventually the accu-

A. Earth heat
mulation becomes so heavy, it will begin
to move. B. Rain
A. Avalanche C. Wind blow
B. Snowline D. Solar thermal
C. Glacier 4062. The amount of water that can be re-
D. Icecaps turned to the soil until it becomes water
reserves in the soil through rain is called
4057. moisture
A. Water savings
A. Infiltration
B. Water usage
B. Runoff
C. Water harvesting
C. Watershed
D. Filter air
D. Moisture
4063. A front is
A. where warm air is cooling at earth’s
#2?
surface
B. a line where hot and cold air are sepa-
B. Continental Slope rating
C. Continental Rise C. a line where two different air masses
D. Ocean Trench meet
4059. If a tray of ice cubes is left on a counter D. where cold air is rising and forming
until the cubes melt, what will happen if rain clouds
that tray is put back in the freezer again? 4064. The main human activity that releases
A. The water will not freeze again be- greenhouse gases is
cause it has already been frozen. A. using bottled water
B. The water will evaporate into vapor. B. burning fossil fuels
C. The water will turn into gel, but not ice. C. texting on cellphones
D. The water will freeze into cubes again.
D. eating meat
4065. In the diagram, letter A best represents:
C. abyssal plain
D. seamount

1.1 HYDROLOGY 468
A. Runoff 4071. Where does condensation occur in the

B. Watershed water cycle?
A. clouds forming
C. Water Table
B. ocean water changing to water vapor
D. Confining Layer
C. water flowing down a river
4066. You would likely experience a full or D. underground water soaking into soil
new moon during which tide?
4072. Materials, such as sand with large pore
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Spring tide
space have high
B. Neap tide
A. Watershed
4067. The cause of waves at the surface of the B. Zone of Saturation
ocean C. Water Table
A. Boats D. Aquifers
B. Wind E. Permeability
C. Marine life
D. Geothermal energy choices does this scenerio describe? School
is canceled due to a blizzard.
4068. Ocean water is dense than freshwa-
ter. A. precipitation
A. more B. condensation
C. evaporation
B. less
D. transpiration
4069. Which of the following would happen if
precipitation increased within the water- 4074. Cold ocean currents are most likely to be
shed boundary? located at deeper ocean depths than warm
water currents because
A. The water table would rise.
A. A.Winds push the cold water down.
B. Some tributaries would disappear.
B. Ocean tides force cold water down-
C. Hillside infiltration would be reduced. ward
D. Boundaries of the watershed would ex- C. A.Cold water is more dense and sinks
pand.
D. A.Cold water has less salt to help it
4070. What is a benthic organism? freeze and sink.
A. Benthic organisms live in the Neritic 4075. Certain places in the United States
zone near the shore. occasionally experience weather events
caused by violently rotating columns of
B. Benthic organisms live in the Oceanic
air stretching from a cloud to the ground.
zone of open ocean.
What are such weather events called?
C. Benthic organisms called Benthos, live
A. tornadoes
on or near the bottom of the ocean floor
(the Benthic zone) B. hurricanes
D. A benthic organism is part of a tropical C. storm surges
forest. D. thunderstorms

1.1 HYDROLOGY 469
4076. A land breeze is wind moving from an C. Mercury

area of high pressure(Land at night) to an D. none of above
area of low pressure ( Sea at night)

A. True 4080. Which of the following questions can
BEST be answered by the data presented
B. False in the pie graph?
C. Both
D. none of above
4077. This illustration shows the relative pro-

portionals of the Earth, moon, and the sun.
Which of these locations marked on the il-
lustration will experience a high tide?
A. What are the types of seawater?

B. Which other elements make up seawa-
ter?
C. How does seawater differ from fresh-
water?
A. 1 and 2
D. Which two salt elements are the most
B. 3 and 4
C. 2 and 3
4081. Limestone can be slowly dissolved by
D. 1 and 4
rainwater or groundwater.
4078. An underground layer of rock or sedi- A. True
ment that holds water
B. False
A. Aquifer
4082. A[n] tide occurs when the sun, Earth,
B. Groundwater
and the moon are in a straight line.
C. freshwater
A. spring
D. infiltration
B. high
4079. Which layer is the densest? C. low
D. neap
4083. A study of the isopluvial maps revealed

that at Calcutta a maximum rainfall depth
of 200 mm is 12-h, has a return period of
50 years. The probability of a 12-h rain-
fall equal to or greater than 200 mm occur-
ring at Calcutta at least once in 30 years
is:
A. Gasoline A. 0.45
B. Water B. 0.60

1.1 HYDROLOGY 470
C. 0.56 4088. When a warm air mass and a cold air

D. 1.0 mass meet and neither can move the other,
the result is a(n)-
4084. What would be the best definition of A. warm front
permeability? B. stationary front
A. Percentage of the total volume of a C. cold front
rock or sediment that consists of open
D. occluded front
spaces
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. The ability of a rock or sediment to let 4089. What volume is represented by 3.5 cm
fluids pass through open spaces or pores of run off from a basin of 650 Square Kilo-
meters. Give answer in cubic meters and
C. The inability of a rock or sediment to Hectare-meter.
let fluids pass through open spaces or
A. 30000 H-m
pores
B. 2275 H-m
D. The level below which the ground is
saturated with water C. 2500 H-m
D. 3000 H-m
4085. Define infiltration
4090. Where does most water vapor in the at-
A. he process by which water vapor in the mosphere come from?
air cools and becomes liquid water
A. Glaciers
B. the evaporation of water from plants
B. Oceans
C. the process by which liquid water C. Lakes
changes to water vapor
D. Groundwater
D. the movement of water into the ground
4091. The factor that is most important in de-
4086. What landform can you see in this pic- termining the climate of a place is
ture? A. Longitude
B. Latitude
C. Time
D. none of above
4092. Which geologic process occurs at number
2 in the picture?
A. Waterfall
B. V Shaped Valley
C. Meander
D. Ox-bow lake
A. Deposition
4087. Carbon dioxide and water form B. Sedimentation
A. carbonic acid C. Metamorphism
B. calcium bicarbonate D. Erosion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 471
4093. All of the land area whose water drains B. 3%

into a stream system is called: C. 1%

A. divide D. 2%
B. tributary
4099. How much water on Earth is drinkable?
C. discharge
A. 31%
D. watershed
B. 97%
4094. What to ocean water when salinity has C. 3%
increased and temperature has decreased?
D. 4%
A. The water will sink because density in-
creases. 4100. What is the difference between
B. The water will sink because density de- seamounts and volcanic islands?
creases.
C. The water will rise because density in-
creases.
D. The water will rise because density de-
creases.
A. E is a volcanic island, which is below
4095. An ecosystem where fresh and saltwa- sea level and B is a seamount, which is
ter mix above sea level.
A. Swamps B. B is a volcanic island, which is below
B. Estuaries sea level, and E is a seamount, which is
above sea level.
C. Oceans
C. E is a volcanic island, which is above
D. Rivers sea level and B is a seamount, which is
4096. What drives the water cycle? below sea level.
A. Hydrothermal Energy D. B is a volcanic island, which is above

sea level, and E is a seamount, which is
B. Solar Energy below sea level.
C. Geothermal Energy
4101. Which step in the water cycle involves
D. Transpiration returning of fresh water to the Earth?
4097. Surface currents are caused by what? A. precipitation
A. Global Wind Patterns & Continents B. evaporation
B. Earth’s Rotation & Convection Cur- C. respiration
rents D. condensation
C. Density
D. All of the above water. About 60% of that water is not
4098. What percentage of the water on Earth available for man’s use. Why is this?
is fresh water? A. it is frozen
A. 97% B. it is polluted

1.1 HYDROLOGY 472
C. it is too salty southern hemisphere it causes ocean cur-

D. it is in aquifers rents to curve left
D. none of above
4103. What happens as a submarine dives
deeper into the ocean? 4107. Which image is of a seawall?
A. Density increases, temperature de- A.
creases B.
B. Density decreases, temperature in- C.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
creases D. none of above
4104. In the diagram, frost wedging is an ex- 4108. The gradually sloping part of a continent
ample of- that extends under the ocean is the
C. abyssal plain
D. trench
4109. True or False:Water moves easily
A. Physical Weathering through permeable materials.
B. Chemical Weathering A. True
C. Sublimation B. False
D. Cementation
4110. When a meandering river cuts off a sec-
4105. Which surface soil conditions allow the tion of the river and bypasses it, it forms
most infiltration of rainwater? an
A. steep slope and permeable soil A. oxbow lake

B. erosional fan
B. steep slope and impermeable soil
C. alluvial fan
C. gentle slope and permeable soil
D. additional river
D. gentle slope and impermeable soil
4111. The diagram shows the distribution of
4106. How does the Coriolis Effect change water on the Earth. Which source is the
ocean currents? most abundant supply of liquid surface wa-
A. in the northern hemisphere it causes ter that is not salty?
ocean current to curve left and in the
southern hemisphere it causes ocean cur-
rents to curve right
B. in the northern hemisphere it causes
ocean current to curve right and in the
southern hemisphere it causes ocean cur-
rents to curve right
C. in the northern hemisphere it causes
ocean current to curve right and in the

1.1 HYDROLOGY 473
A. groundwater 4116. What does symbol # 4 mean?

B. oceans

C. lakes
D. rivers
4112. Form of water that falls from the clouds

A. rain guage
B. humidity A. Stationary Front
C. acid rain B. Occluded Front

C. Warm Front
D. precipitation
D. Cold Front
4113. What are formed when water vapor
condenses? 4117. How do clouds form?
A. from warm fronts
B. from rainfall
C. by condensation
D. from cold fronts
4118. Severe weather can cause damage to
property. Which of the following weather
conditions would most likely cause dam-
age to crops, cars, and windows?
A. Clouds A. hail
B. Mountains B. rain
C. Transpiration C. thunder
D. Valleys D. lightning
4114. A wave’s size depends on these two fac- 4119. What is transpiration?
tors A. a process in which plants take in oxy-
A. the length of its reach gen and expel carbon dioxide
B. a process in which plants gain water
B. its frequency
through the leaf epidermis
C. its period
C. a process in which plants combine sun-
D. the wind speed light with water to manufacture food
4115. Which of the following features is made D. a process in which plants lose water
up of a range of mountains that wind through the stomata in the leaf
through the ocean? 4120. energy from the sun
A. seamount A. transpiration
B. mid-ocean ridge B. condensation
C. trench C. solar radiation
D. abyssal plain D. thermal energy

1.1 HYDROLOGY 474
4121. What is infiltration? A. meander

A. The process by which water sinks into B. oxbow lake
the ground C. alluvial fan
B. The zone where there are still air D. delta
spaces left between the particles.
4125. The letter with the highest permeabili-
C. The process by which water vapor tyis
turns into liquid water and forms fog or
NARAYAN CHANGDER
clouds.
D. The process by which water does not
sink into the ground, but rather travels
along the surface.
4122. What is the best way to map the ocean

floor?
A. A-loosely packed, well structured soil
B. B-loosely packed soil with uniform par-
ticle size
C. C-tightly packed soil with uniform par-
ticle size
D. D-tightly packed soil with mixed parti-
cle size
4126. There are three major oceans on Earth.
They are the
A. using telescopes
A. Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans
B. taking water samples B. Atlantic, Pacific, and African Oceans.
C. using sonar C. Atlantic, Arctic, and Antarctic Oceans.
D. measuring how many birds fly over it. D. Atlantic, Pacific, and Indonesian
Oceans.
4123. What is a way we can protect estuar-
ies? 4127. The normal annual rainfall at stations
A. not polluting our river basin A, B, and C situated in the meteorologi-
cal homogeneous regions are 175 cm, 180
B. littering in waterways cm, and 150 cm, respectively. In the year
C. dumping chemicals down drains 2000, station B was inoperative, and sta-
tions A, and C recorded annual precipita-
D. washing a car in a driveway instead of
tion of 150 cm and 135 cm, respectively.
a carwash
The annual rainfall at station B in that year
4124. A loop like bend in the course of a river. could be estimated to be near:
A. 150 cm
B. 143 cm
C. 158 cm
D. 168 cm

1.1 HYDROLOGY 475
4128. In which LOCATION of a stream’s path 4131. How does water move on the surface of
will we find water traveling the SLOWEST the Earth?
SPEED?

A. gradient
B. gravity
C. both gradient and gravity
D. neither gradient nor gravity
4132. The process by which plants drink in wa-

ter from the soil and lose water through
evaporation
A. where we find the greatest/steepest A. Evaporation
slope or gradient (upper course) B. condensation
B. in the middle section (course) of the C. precipitation
path from being uphill to where it reaches
an ocean D. transpiration
C. where we find the gentlest/smallest 4133. What is the difference between in the
slope or gradient (lower course) movement of both surface and deep ocean
D. the speed of moving water in a channel currents?
is the same everywhere A. Surface:Wind Deep Ocean:Temperature
and density
4129. What two elements make up water?
B. Surface:Wind Deep Ocean:Temperature
and salinity
C. Surface:Wind Deep Ocean:Temperature
and pressure
D. Surface:WindDeep Ocean:Temperature
4134. Oceans contain many dissolved ele-

ments like calcium, sodium, and chlorine.
A. Helium and oxygen
These elements, plus others, combine to
B. Hydrogen and oxygen form the salts in the oceans. Which of
C. helium and carbon the following sources is a major source of
sodium chloride in oceans?
D. oxygen and carbon
A. Gases from volcanoes
4130. Why does ice float? B. Weathering and erosion of rocks
A. When water freezes, the molecules do C. Pollutants from industrial wastes
not move
D. Acid rain caused by pollution
B. When water freezes, it becomes more
dense 4135. What are the two main causes of ocean
C. Water molecules spread apart when currents?
they freeze A. wind and changes in density
D. None of the above B. evaporation and condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 476
C. wind and evaporation 4139. Flashback question! At which of these

D. changes in density and condensation boundaries are you MOST LIKELY to expe-
rience intense volcanoes and earthquakes?
4136. A student was studying the ocean floor
topography and began to question how
A.
temperature would differ at each feature.
what conclusion can she draw about the
features of the ocean floor?
B.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Feature C is the continental shelf be-
cause it is flat, feature A is the abyssal
plain because it is steep. C.
B. Feature C is the abyssal plain because
it is flat, feature A is the mid ocean ridge
because it is steep.
D.
C. feature B ia a volcanic island because
it is under water, feature E is a seamount
it is above water
4140. When freshwater meets salt water
D. feature B is a seamount because it is
under the water, feature E is a volcanic A. wetland
island because it is above water B. estuary
4137. Extra Credit Ca is the symbol for C. river
A. Carbon D. swamp
B. Corundum 4141. What is the periodic rise and fall of the
C. Cesium water level in the oceans?
D. Calcium
4138. Which biome has 4 seasons?
A. Tide
B. Wave
4142. What causes the Coriolis Effect?

A. Taiga A. The rotation of the Earth
B. Tundra B. The gravitational pull of the Moon
C. Grasslands C. The tilt of the Earth’s axis
D. Temperate Forest D. The revolution of the Earth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 477
4143. Land closer to the equator is B. Suspended Load

A. colder C. Delta

B. warmer D. Bed Load
4144. Ponds are bigger and deeper than lakes. 4149. Dropping of eroded sediment
A. True
A. deposition
B. False
B. delta
4145. Estuaries are important because they: C. alluvial fan
A. provide shelter for young organisms D. mouth
B. have LOTS of nutrients
4150. If a section of rocks are missing because
C. filter out pollution from the ocean
of erosion, it is called a/an:
D. all of the above
4146. When is seawater the densest?

A. when salinity is low and its tempera-
ture is high
B. when salinity is high and its tempera-
ture is high
ture is low
A. Inclusion
D. when salinity is low and its tempera-
B. Unconformity
ture is low
C. Fault
with the letter M? D. Intrusion
4151. At which ocean floor feature does sea-

floor spreading occur?
A. Trench
B. Abyssal Plain
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
A. Southern Ocean
D. Seamount
B. Arctic Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean 4152. Which processes could be considered op-
posites?
D. Indian Ocean
A. Condensation and Precipitation
4148. What is the name of a the fan-shaped
B. Evaporation and Transpiration
deposit that forms as a river pours out into
a steep valley? C. Evaporation and Condensation
A. Alluvial Fan D. Precipation and Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 478
4153. Heat is transferred by , convection, 4158. According to the diagram of the river, at
and radiation. which location would the water probably
A. thermal energy be most polluted? (EEn 2.4.2)
B. waves
C. conduction
D. radiant energy
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4154. Which processes are most likely to
cause a rise in the Water Table
A. Location A
B. Location B
C. Location C
A. run off and erosion
D. Location D
B. precipitation and infiltration
C. deposition and burial 4159. As you go deeper in the ocean, what
happens to temperature, salinity, pres-
D. solidification and condensation sure, density and light?
4155. Which Hydrograph is more likely a A. They all decrease
“forested” drainage basin? B. They all increase
A. Hydrograph A
C. They all increase except for light which
B. Hydrograph B decreases
4156. When is the best time of day to water D. They all decrease except for light
your lawn? which increases
A. Early morning or late evening 4160. Why does the city add chlorine to the
B. In the afternoon water?
C. All day long A. To soften it
D. At night B. To prevent tooth decay
4157. Variation in which property between C. To prevent bacteria growth

water at different temperatures con- D. none of above
tributes most to the formation of horizon-
tal ocean layers having distinct tempera- 4161. Which ocean current warms the climate
tures? of northwestern Europe?
A. density A. North Atlantic Current
B. viscosity B. Canary Current
C. turbidity C. North Equatorial Current
D. acidity D. Labrador Current

1.1 HYDROLOGY 479
4162. The movement of material along a coast C. Shipping traffic pushes water and air
by waves that approach at an angle to the around in circles
shore but recede directly away from it. D. Differences in density

A. swash
4167. Why are oceans a major part of the wa-
B. storm surge ter cycle?
C. longshore drift A. because they are large bodies of salt
water that easily evaporate salt into the
D. breakwater
air
4163. The area of land at the margins, that B. because they are large bodies of salt
connect the oceans with the land. water that fresh water can be evaporated
from
C. because the salt water condenses eas-
ily to become a gas in the air
D. because the salt water runs off onto
land to fill lakes and streams
4168. Which tide occurs at 1 and 3?
B. sea level
D. continental basin
4164. What is Ms. Rusk allergic to?

A. dogs A. low tide
B. chocolate B. high tide

C. long tide
C. gluten
D. neap tide
D. bees
4169. The ocean floor feature is formed at a
4165. Which of the following is caused by dif- subduction zone where two plates collide
ferences in ocean water density?
A. Mid ocean ridge
A. surface currents B. Seamount
B. deep currents C. Trench
C. waves D. Continental slope
D. Coriolis effect 4170. The picture is an example of what type
of drainage pattern?
4166. What causes surface currents and winds
to follow a curved pattern?
A. the gravitational pull of the sun and the
moon
B. the rotation of the Earth (Coriolis Ef-
fect)

1.1 HYDROLOGY 480
A. Trellis B. Gulf of Mexico

B. Rectangular C. Chesapeake Bay
C. Radial D. All of the above
D. Block
4176. Plants release water into the atmo-
4171. The is the driving force of the water sphere through a process called
cycle.
A. evaporation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. sun
B. transpiration
B. moon
C. infiltration
C. stars
D. precipitation
D. none of above
4172. Timing of high tides 4177. What are the field tools we use to mea-
sure width and depth of a river channel?
A. Once a day
B. Twice a day
C. Three times a day
D. Four time a day
4173. How does increasing the salinity of wa-

ter affect its density?
A. increases
A. A compass and stopwatch
B. decreases
B. A tape measure and meter stick
C. makes no change
D. none of above C. A ruler and a turbidity tube
D. The HACH Spectrophotometer
of water is called and they create 4178. What does upwelling bring to the
A. tides, surface currents ocean’s surface?
B. currents, waves A. cold, nutrient-rich water
C. waves, surface currents B. cold, nutrient-poor water
D. waves, deep ocean currents C. warm, nutrient-rich water
4175. What watershed is number 3 on the D. warm, nutrient-poor water
map?
4179. What causes waves and surface cur-
rents?
A. gravity
B. wind
C. tides
A. North Carolina Sounds D. currents

1.1 HYDROLOGY 481
4180. Darla is trying to discover how sunlight 4185. What is the difference in the formation
affectsevaporation. She finds two contain- of surface currents and deep currents?
ers that areexactly the same. She puts the

A. surface currents are caused by wind
same amount ofwater in each container. and deep currents are formed by changes
She puts one containerin a sunny window in ocean water density.
and the other in a dark closet.After three
days, what will Darla find? B. Surface current are created by the
coriolis effect and deep currents are
A. Both containers have more water than formed by subducting plates.
they didthree days ago.
C. There is no difference; they are both
B. The water from the container in the formed by wind.
window haspartially evaporated.
D. There is no difference; they are both
C. Both containers have the same created by changes in ocean water den-
amount of wateras three days ago. sity.
D. The water from the container in the
closet hascompletely evaporated. 4186. Upwelling is the process where warm,
nutrient rich water from deep in the ocean
4181. 3% of Earth’s surface water is wa- rises to the surface.
ter. A. False
A. Fresh B. True
B. Salt
4187. When do neap tides happen
4182. areas of arid climate has values of a.a.r A. New and Full Moons
A. < 40 cm B. 1st and 3rd Quarters
B. 40-60 cm
4188. Which of the following does not make
C. 60-75 cm studying the ocean floor difficult?
D. > 75 cm A. The deep ocean is in total darkness
4183. Of the following materials, which is the B. The water in the deep ocean is ex-
most porous? tremely cold
A. well-sorted sand C. There is tremendous pressure in the
deep ocean
B. poorly sorted sand
D. The ocean consists of salt water rather
C. sandstone
than fresh
D. clay
4189. what is the name for a giant wave
4184. Which layer of the atmosphere contains caused by an earthquake with an epicen-
o-zone? ter on the ocean floor?
A. Thermosphere A. a swell
B. Troposphere B. a breaker
C. Stratosphere C. Ah tsunami
D. Mesosphere D. a tidal bore

1.1 HYDROLOGY 482
4190. What is groundwater? C. Transpiration is most likely to occur in

A. water that fills space between rocks of the Amazon Rainforest because there are
Earth no plants in the desert.
B. water found within a lake or pond D. none of above

C. water that is evaporated from the sur- 4195. Which ocean currents move perpendicu-
face of Earth lar to the shore?
D. water that is found in the ocean A. surface currents
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4191. What is the main cause of tides and B. deep ocean currents
when is the tidal range the largest? C. shore currents
A. the moon’s gravity, during spring tides D. rip currents
B. the sun’s gravity, during fall tides
4196. The drainage basin of the includes
C. the wind, during neap tides
all or parts of 32 states and 2 Canadian
D. the coriolis effect, during high tides provinces.
4192. The average yearly rainfall for Miami, A. Mississippi River
Florida is about 58 inches. During the year, B. Church Point River
Miami goes through a dry period where it
C. big River
receives very little rainfall. Which factor
is most likely responsible for the dry pe- D. Red River
riod?
4197. How do the oceans get salty?
A. cold air moving in from the north
A. Weathering and erosion of rocks
B. distance from the Gulf Stream current
B. Someone is pouring salt in the oceans
C. location of latitude north of the equa-
tor C. acid rain
D. warm air moving in from the Atlantic D. pollution from various sources
Ocean
4198. How do wetlands help control water
4193. Height of a wave flow?
A. amplitude
B. glaciers
C. high tide
D. hdrology
4194. Where would transpiration (plants

sweating) more likely to occur?
A. they add water to a river, increasing
A. Transpiration is most likely to occur in
flooding
the Amazon Rainforest because there are
lots of plants in the rainforest. B. the act like sponges, absorbing excess
B. Transpiration is most likely to occur in water and filtering pollutants
the Sahara Desert because there are no C. the are dry most of the year, but ab-
plants in the desert. sorb water during rainy seasons

1.1 HYDROLOGY 483
D. they are completely separate from C. uneven heating of the earth

streams and rivers and do not affect the D. global warming
amount of water

4205. Which number symbolizes an abyssal
4199. This occurs when the ground cannot ab- plain?
sorb any more water.
A. evaporation
B. runoff
C. levee
D. snowmelt A. 1
4200. Changes in sea level will most likely B. 3
cause change to what type of freshwater
C. 7
ecosystem?
D. 4
A. estuaries
B. wetlands 4206. Atmospheric conditions along with
short-term changes of a certain place at
4201. Neap, spring, high, and low are all types a certain time is called?
A. breakers A. Weather
B. tides B. Precipitation
C. tidal bore C. Condensation
D. tsunami D. Humidity
4202. When clouds fill with water and can’t 4207. A change in the size or shape of a
hold anymore, the water falls from the rock without changing the chemical compo-
clouds as- sition.
A. precipitation A. Physical weather
B. clouds B. Chemical weathering
4203. It is calculated by taking the moles of C. Erosion
solute and dividing by the kilograms of so- D. Deposition
lution.
A. Molarity 4208. The mountain ridge shown in this pic-
ture would be this part of a watershed
B. Molality (drainage basin).
C. Part per million
D. Percent by weight
E. None of the above
4204. What causes differences in air pres-

sure?
A. even heating of the Earth
B. Even cooling of the earth A. aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 484
B. divide B. deposition
C. water table C. evaporation
D. zone of aeration D. freezing
4209. which factor does not influence wave 4213. The highest salinity would be found in
height which of the following areas?
A. speed of the wind A. an area with high rates of precipitation
B. an area with high rates of evaporation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. distance over which the wind blows
C. an area with plenty of runoff
C. length of time the wind blows
D. none of above
D. the density of water
4214. How much of the Earth is covered in salt-
4210. Most visible light is in the Zone. water?
A. Sunlight A. 25%
B. Midnight B. 75%
C. Twilight C. 97.5%
D. none of above D. 2.5%
4211. isrock debris embedded in base of 4215. Which of the following explains why
ice create polishing, grooves and stria- about two thirds of Earth’s freshwater is
tions. unavailable?
A. It is too salty
B. It is frozen
C. It is in aquifers
D. It is polluted
4216. an increase in amount over a period of
A. Plucking time
B. Abrasion A. accumulation
C. Weathering B. transpiration
D. Erosion C. precipitation
D. condensation
4212. Which of these changes of state would
involve water absorbing energy? 4217. What is the best definition of a water
table?
A. The level to which a river rises when it

A. condensation floods

1.1 HYDROLOGY 485
B. The boundary between the land and 4221. What is the source of energy that drives
the ocean the water cycle?
A. The moon

C. The top of the saturated zone in an
aquifer B. The earth
D. The bottom of the saturated zone in an C. The clouds
aquifer D. The sun
E. The top of the unsaturated zone in an
aquifer 4222. What is the energy source for the water
cycle?
4218. A lake is surrounded by hills covered A. Geothermal
with trees and shrubs. Which statement B. Nuclear
correctly describes how a change to the
plants in this area will affect this environ- C. Solar
ment. D. Wind
A. Adding plants to the hillside will in- 4223. What causes a tsunami?
crease sedimentation in the lake
A. earthquakes, volcanoes, or landslides
B. Adding plants to the edge of the lake
B. evaporation and precipitation
will increase erosion by the lake
C. Removing plants from the hillside will 4224. How does the Gulf Stream affect the cli-
increase erosion on the hill mate of northwestern Europe?
A. it is a warm current, so it makes the
D. Removing plants from the edge of the
climate warmer than it would normally be
lake will increase sedimentation on the
hill B. it is a cold current, so it makes the cli-
mate warmer than it would normally be
4219. Mountain Chains on the ocean floor C. it is a cold current, so it makes the cli-
A. Ocean Trench mate cooler than it would normally be
B. Seamount D. it is a warm current, so it makes the
climate cooler than it would normally be
C. Mid-ocean Ridge
4225. What causes ocean acidification?
D. Guyot
A. CO2 (carbon dioxide) dissolved in the
4220. The amount of chemical weathering will ocean, which lowers the pH.
decrease if B. CO2 (carbon dioxide) filters out of the
A. air temperature increases and precipi- ocean, which lowers the pH.
tation decreases C. CO2 (carbon dioxide dissolves in the
B. air temperature decreases and precip- ocean which raises the pH.
itation also decreases D. CO2 (carbon dioxide) filters out of the
ocean, which raises the pH.
C. air temperature decreases and precip-
itation increases 4226. Term that refers to the measure of the
D. air temperature increases and precipi- amount of salt in water
tation also increases A. Salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 486
B. Polarity 4230. How much of Earth is covered in water?

C. pH factor A. 3%
D. Infiltration B. 50%
C. 70%
4227. A model of the water cycle was made D. 90%
using an aquarium with a glass cover,
a container of ice cubes, water, and a 4231. What would happen if Earth’s axis were
lamp.Which part of the water cycle causes not tilted?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the water droplets to form on the glass A. There would be no day and night on
cover? Earth.
B. There would be no year on Earth.
C. The Earth would go into a deep freeze.
D. There would not be any seasons on
Earth.
4232. As elevation increases, temperature
A. Increases
A. condensation B. Decreases
B. evaporation C. Stays the same
C. precipitation D. none of above
D. runoff 4233. Where do we get most of our drinkable
fresh water?
4228. Approximately what percentage of the A. glaciers
Earth’s freshwater is easily available to
humans? B. groundwater
C. oceans
A. 1%
D. rivers, lakes, and reservoirs
B. 3%
4234. Droplets of water form on the outside
C. 71% of a glass of water.
D. 97% A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
4229. Physical weathering changes
C. Precipitation
A. the shape AND the composition of
rocks. D. Transpiration
B. the shape BUT NOT the composition of 4235. The temperature at which water vapor
rocks. condenses is the
C. the composition BUT NOT the shape of A. relative humidity

rocks. B. humidity
D. NEITHER the shape NOR the composi- C. freezing point
tion of rocks. D. dew point

1.1 HYDROLOGY 487
4236. What percentage of water on Earth is 4241. What term matches best with #10?
freshwater? S6E3.a

A. 1%
B. 3%
C. 71%
D. 97%
4237. The distance between consecutive A. infiltration

crests is the
B. groundwater
A. crest
C. runoff
B. wavelength
D. watershed
C. wave height
E. surface water
D. trough
4242. Why are tides continually rising and
4238. Which well or wells end in zones of sat- lowering every day?
uration?
A. Because the position of the moon is
constantly changing in relation to the
Earth.
B. Because the direction of the wind over
the ocean is constantly changing.
C. Because the rates of evaporation and
precipitation are constantly changing
A. Wells 1 and 2
D. Because deep ocean currents are con-
B. Wells 1, 2 and 3 stantly changing.
C. Wells 1, 3 and 5
4243. Which is more porous?
D. Wells 2 and 4
A. a container of tightly packed particles
4239. A pollution source that you cannot iden- B. a container of loosely packed particles
tify its source is called
A. point source pollution 4244. Which question BEST describes the por-
tion of water in each location on the
B. non-point source pollution Earth’s surface?
C. you cannot identify any source of pol-
lution
D. you can identify the source of all pollu-
tion
4240. Rivers, lakes, wetlands, streams

A. Man-made
A. Can 3% of the Earth’s freshwater only
B. Perennial exist as ice caps and glaciers?
C. Ephemeral B. Can 97% of the Earth’s salt water only
D. Aquifer exists as water vapor and seas?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 488
C. Can 3% of the Earth’s freshwater be D. When sediment is dissolved in the flow-

found in ice caps, ground, lakes, swamps, ing water
and rivers?
D. Can 97% of the Earth’s salt water 4250. The boundary between the water and
be found in lakes, streams, seas, and the land; it can be a very harsh environ-
oceans? ment with strong currents.
4245. 2% of all water found on Earth is found

in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. lakes and rivers
B. underground
C. ice caps and glaciers
D. the ocean
4246. What does low humidity mean? A. Shoreline (beach)
A. It is cold. B. Continental rise

B. It is hot. C. Continental slope
C. There is a little evaporated water in D. Upwelling
the air.
D. There is a lot of evaporated water in 4251. Any piece of land that is surrounded by
the air. water
A. trenches
4247. Which term best describes how the
earth’s atmosphere is heated? B. seamount
A. spirally C. island
B. unequally D. none of above
C. circularly
D. kinetically 4252. This type of water makes up 2% of
earth’s water.
4248. What percent of Earth’s water is salt
A. fresh
water?
A. 71 B. salt
B. 90 C. ice caps/glaciers
C. 97 D. water available to drink
D. 3
4253. Turtle shell are made of how many
4249. What sedimentary particles lead to tur- bones fused together?
bidity in a stream system?
A. Over 5
A. Fine particles such as silt and clay
B. Over 30
B. Sand grains
C. Over 50
C. Coarse particles such as pebbles and
boulders D. Over 70

1.1 HYDROLOGY 489
4254. How does ocean water differ from 4257. Which layer is MOSTresistant to weath-
freshwater? ering?

A. higher temperture
B. lower temperature
C. higher concentration of sodium chlo-
ride
D. lower concentration of sodium chlo-
ride
4255. The cross sections below represent

three beakers that were used to test
porosity. Beakers A, B, and C each contain A. Rockester Shale
a different size of bead. Each beaker holds B. Grimsby Sandstone
an equal volume of beads. The amount
C. Queenston Shale
of water needed to fill the total pore
space between the beads in each beaker D. Whirlpool Sandstone
was measured. Which statement best de-
scribes the porosity that was found for 4258. Both surface currents and waves are
these three samples? caused mainly by
A. differences in the density of water
B. the Coriolis effect
C. winds
D. the moon’s gravity
A. A had a greater porosity than B and C.
4259. As you descend (go down) through the
B. B had a greater porosity than A and C. ocean, temperature and pressure
C. C had a greater porosity than A and B. A. Decreases, increases
D. All three samples had the same poros-
B. Increases, decreases
ity.
4260. What is true about Earth’s Freshwater?
4256. Volcanic eruptions that begin under
ocean waters, rise up, and form islands, A. most of it is in the ocean
like the Hawaiian Islands, are called B. Most freshwater is in glaciers and ice
caps
C. Lakes make up 50% of Earth’s freshwa-
ter
D. Aquifers are the largest source of sur-
face water
A. A. deltas 4261. The movement of cold water upward
B. dunes from the deep ocean is referred to as
C. seamounts A. Down spouting
D. shields B. Upwelling

1.1 HYDROLOGY 490
4262. The measurement of salinity is C. Groundwater

A. the amount of salt in the water. D. Watershed
B. the amount of chloride in the water. 4266. Object orbiting another object.
C. the amount of potassium in the water. A. revolution
D. the amount of nutrients in the water. B. rotation
4263. Which of the following would result in 4267. How would the porosity of the poorly
NARAYAN CHANGDER
heavy materials settling on the bottom of sorted sediment compare to the well
a large pool to remove some of the solids sorted sediment?
from the liquid wastes?
A. Aeration
B. Distillation
C. Filtration
D. Sedimentation
A. It would be greater in the poorly
4264. Once clay is entrained it will sorted sediment
B. It would be less in the poorly sorted
sediment
C. It would be the same in both
D. none of above
A. At the bottom of the zone of saturation
B. At the top of the zone of saturation
C. At the top of the zone of aeration
D. At sea level
4269. water held underground in the soil or in
pores and crevices in rock.
A. fall to the river bed when a bear A. runoff
pounces on the salmon B. groundwater
B. be deposited on the levees C. surface water
C. not be deposited until it reaches the D. infiltration
sea.
4270. is the step of the water cycle where
D. be deposited as the river slows to 0.5 the Sun heats up liquid water in a puddle
cm/sec and turns it into water vapor gas.
4265. water vapor cools and changes into wa- A. precipitation
ter droplets to form clouds-gas to liquid B. evaporation
A. Condensation C. runoff
B. Precipitation D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 491
4271. Which satellite gave us this image? 4275. Which ocean zone gets no sunlight, is
very dark and very cold, and only gets
light from light-producing animals?

A. sunlight zone
B. midnight zone
C. sunset zone
D. intertidal zone
A. COBE 4276. Which of the following terms describes
B. WMAP the area of land drained by a river and its
tributaries?
C. Pathfinder
A. Drainage basin
D. none of above
B. Aquifer
4272. the measure of the storage space avail- C. Watershed
able in an aquifer. D. Delta
A. aquifer
4277. Saving water is called
B. permeability A. salinization
C. porosity B. Conservation
D. divide C. Utilization
D. thermohalinization
4273. What is the most abundant salt in the
ocean? 4278. What is the process in which a liquid
A. sodium chloride gains energy and becomes a gas?
B. chlorine A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. sulfate
C. precipitation
D. carbonic acid
D. transpiration
4274. What is low tide?
4279. Huge cracks in the ocean floor
A. Mid-ocean Ridge
B. Ocean Trench
C. Guyot
D. Seamount
4280. Most of the water on Earth is what?

A. When water levels are at the highest A. Saltwater
B. When water levels are at the lowest B. Locked in icecaps
C. When the water is changing levels C. Fresh

1.1 HYDROLOGY 492
4281. Which one of these is NOT a major 4286. Deep ocean trenches are created by sub-
ocean? duction and are (greater)higher
A. Pacific here than at the surface of the ocean.
B. Southern A. density, pressure
C. Northern B. temperature, pressure
D. Atlantic
C. density, temperature
4282. Soil formation begins with the weather-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ing of D. temperature, light
A. Public Relations
4287. is where streams/rivers meet each
B. Subsoil other.
C. Litter
A. Confluence
D. Rock
B. Tributary
4283. is the step in the water cycle that
moves the most amount of water up into C. Mouth
the atmosphere.
D. Watershed
A. Condensation
B. Crystallization 4288. Which stage does the #2 show in the
C. Evaporation diagram?
D. none of above
#6?
A. Volcanic Island
B. Seamount
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. Continental Shelf A. condensation
4285. The top of an aquifer is known as: B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. run off
4289. Approximately what percentage of

Earth’s surface is covered with water?
A. 15%
A. the water table
B. 41%
B. the zone of saturation
C. groundwater C. 67%
D. aquatop D. 93%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 493
4290. Which best describes the water distribu- C. Precipitation

tion in an estuary?
D. Infiltration

A. The saltwater is closer to the surface
than the freshwater. 4295. A student fills a 100cm tube with a sam-
B. The freshwater is closer to the surface ple of soil. The student takes a beaker con-
than the saltwater. taining 50ml of water and pours it in the
top of the tube containing the soil. The sec-
C. The saltwater is found closer to the
ond the water hits the top of the soil sam-
bank, and the freshwater is found closer
ple, the student begins timing. The student
to the center.
stops timing the second the water hits the
D. The freshwater is found closer to the bottom of the soil sample. The water took
bank, and the saltwater is found closer to 25 seconds to reach the bottom of the tube.
the center. What is the permeability of the soil sam-
ple?
4291. How does eutrophication from fertilizer
runoff on farms cause harm to aquatic A. 0.5 cm/sec
ecosystems?
B. 2 cm/sec
A. It results in algae blooms that remove
too much oxygen from the water. C. 0.4 cm/sec
B. It allows fish to grow too big to be sup- D. 4 cm/sec
ported by the habitat.
4296. Which of the following best explains
C. It raises the dissolved oxygen levels
how water makes it from the point in the
too high.
water cycle where it evaporates to the
D. It drains rivers of their essential nutri- point where it becomes groundwater?
ents.
A. . infiltration, precipitation, transporta-
4292. Covalent bonds are between tion, condensation
A. two or more nonmetals B. condensation, infiltration, precipita-
B. sodium and chlorine tion, transportation
C. metals and metals C. transportation, condensation, infiltra-
D. metals and nonmetals tion, precipitation
4293. Which best explains why runoff is im- D. condensation, precipitation, trans-
portant? portation, infiltration
A. It returns water to other locations on 4297. Why does the moon’s gravitational pull
Earth have more of effect on tides than the sun’s
B. It increases the chance of flooding gravitational pull?
C. It makes evaporation occur faster A. they are the same
D. It increases condensation B. the moon is larger than the sun
4294. How is water vapor formed? C. tides are not caused by the moon
A. Condensation D. the moon is closer to the Earth than the
B. Evaporation sun

1.1 HYDROLOGY 494
4298. Water will stick to sediments and this B. groundwater

is called adhesion. This enables water to
C. clouds or water vapor
move up a cylinder.
D. glaciers and icecaps
A. infiltrate
B. retention 4303. Which are examples of decreasing salin-
C. permeability ity?
D. capillary action A. Precipitation into the ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4299. the process that changes a liquid to a B. Evaporation of water from the ocean
gas by adding heat C. Mouth of a river dumping freshwater
A. condensation into an ocean
B. precipitation D. Glacier melting into an ocean

C. transpiration E. Surface water freezing at the poles
D. evaporation
4304. What is the major cause of winds?
4300. What landform can you see in the pic- A. tsunamis
ture?
B. unequal heating of Earth’s surface
C. climatic earthquakes on Earth’s sur-
face
D. ocean waves
A. U shaped valley
B. V Shaped Valley
C. Floodplain
D. Waterfall
4301. When tiny droplets of water form in the A. Pacific Ocean

air its called-
B. Atlantic Ocean
A. precipitation
C. Indian Ocean
B. evaporation
C. condensation D. Arctic Ocean
D. none of above 4306. What type of weather occurs when a

moving warm air mass collides with a cold
4302. According to scientists, only 1% of the
air mass that is moving in the same direc-
freshwater on Earth is easily useable for
tion?
humans. Where is this AVAILABLE water
MOST LIKELY found? A. sunny weather
A. oceans B. stormy weather

1.1 HYDROLOGY 495
4307. An underground layer of rock or sedi- D. The distance from oceans prevents
ment that holds water? moist air from reaching the centers of
these continents.

4310. Which of the following describes a
trench?
A. it rises above the water
B. flat, low lying area of the ocean floor
C. a stretch of underwater mountains
D. deep cuts in the ocean floor, canyon-
A. Reservoir like
B. Aquifer 4311. Which of these are abiotic factors in a
C. Groundwater freshwater ecosystem?
D. Watershed A. Algae and other plants
B. Fish
4308. Which best explains why so little of the
water on Earth is available for human use? C. Predation by mammals living around
the pound
A. 97% of total water on Earth is freshwa-
ter, and most of the remaining 3% is salt D. Weather/PH/temperature
water in the ocean basins. 4312. The measure of the degree to which wa-
B. 97% of total water on Earth is salt water loses its transparency due to the pres-
ter, and most of the remaining 3% is fresh- ence of suspended sediment:
water frozen in ice caps and glaciers. A. dissolved oxygen
C. 97% of total water on Earth is freshwa- B. pH
ter, and most of the remaining 3% is salt
water found in underground aquifers. C. turbidity
D. 97% of total water on Earth is salt wa- D. nitrates
ter, and most of the remaining 3% is fresh- 4313. Air is warmer and less dense at the
water found in lakes, rivers, and ponds. equator because the equator receives
4309. In the centers of North America and more
Asia, large regions of land have relatively A. wind
dry climates. This lack of rainfall results B. solar radiation
mainly from which factor?
C. air pressure
A. The centers of these continents have
too few lakes and rivers for effective evap- D. condensation
oration. 4314. Warm water is dense and rises. Cold
B. The centers of these continents re- water is more dense and
ceive little heat from sunlight over most A. less; rises
of the year.
B. more; sinks
C. The rate of air mass movement over
the centers of these continents is rela- C. less; sinks
tively low. D. more; rises

1.1 HYDROLOGY 496
4315. Federal and state governments have 4318. Underwater mountains that have not
passed laws to promote a safe environ- broken the surface of the ocean water
ment. The (EPA) is the federal gov- A. Rip Current
ernment agency that sets rules and regu-
lations to protect people’s health and the B. Trench
environment in the United States. C. Seamount
D. Ocean Current
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4319. Winds influence which type of currents?
A. surface currents
B. deep currents
A. England Plant Agency C. both surface & deep currents
B. Environmental Protection Agency D. none of above
C. Earthy People Association
4320. If the land is covered in trees, rainwater
D. Earth Plant Air will reach the river
4316. Which type of currents affect the cli-
mate of the land near them?
A. surface currents
C. both surface & deep currents
D. none of above
A. more quickly
4317. A student takes a bottle of cold water
from the refrigerator and leaves it on the B. more slowly
4321. Which is the main effect that a high rate
ticed there is now water droplets on the
of evaporation has in a given region of the
outside of the bottle. Which scientific phe-
ocean?
nomenon explains the water on the out-
side of the bottle?
B. Condensation, because the tempera-
form.
C. Evaporation, because the temperature
of the air nearest the bottle increased A. decreased salinity
B. lower temperature
of the air nearest the bottle decreased C. increased salinity
causing the water droplets to form. D. higher temperature

1.1 HYDROLOGY 497
4322. A local government is considering build- B. glaze ice

ing a dam. What is an advantage of build-
C. drizzle
ing this structure?

D. hail
A. can create a water storage place.
B. can improve the natural habitat of 4327. Strategies to manage fresh water, pro-
plants and animals. tect water environments, and meet human
demand
4323. Which would most affect the health of
fish in a local pond? A. water conservation
A. The daily release of hot water into the B. watershed
pond from a local factory. C. atmospheric conditions
B. A storm temporarily stirring up water
D. water table
and sediments in the pond.
C. The occasional erosion of sediments 4328. Which of the following can separate wa-
into the pond from a nearby field. tersheds?
D. A slight increase in the number of peo- A. mountain
ple who fish in the pond for food.
B. rivers
4324. What occurs during coagulation and floc- C. state borders
culation?
D. highways
A. Bacteria digests waste
B. Water is clarified 4329. What type of tide will occur at 9:30
a.m.?
C. Water is softened
D. Bacteria is removed
4325. Corbitt takes a bottle of juice out of the

refrigerator. He notices that water begins
to form on the outside of the bottle. Which
of the following explains why the water
started to form?
A. low
A. Evaporation occurs on the bottle be-
B. high
cause the room is cooler than the bottle.
B. Condensation forms on the bottle be- C. none
cause the room is warmer than the bottle D. high and low
C. The bottle is melting because the room
is warmer than the bottle. 4330. Which soil conditions usually result in
the greatest amount of runoff?
D. The bottle is freezing because the
room is cooler the bottle A. low permeability and a gentle slope
B. low permeability and a steep slope
4326. Precipitation in the form of lumps of ice
is C. high permeability and a gentle slope
A. sleet D. high permeability and a steep slope

1.1 HYDROLOGY 498
4331. What is the steep slope at the edge of 4335. What happens to the salinity of the
the continental shelf? ocean near fresh water like a river delta?
A. seamount A. Salinity Increases
B. mid-ocean ridge B. Salinity Decreases
4336. Which best explains a way of protecting
D. rift zone water for human consumption?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4332. What process is occurring at 7? A. Ban the use of lakes and rivers for
recreation.
B. Allow dumping of some waste into
lakes and rivers.
C. Reduce the use on lakes and rivers for
irrigation of crops.
D. Improve water quality standards for
industries located on lakes and rivers.
A. Evaporation
4337. What is the difference between
B. Transpiration seamounts and volcanic islands?
C. Condensation A. Seamounts are completely underwa-
D. Precipitation ter and volcanic islands have peaks above
water
4333. How is the ocean different at 1, 000
meters deep? B. Seamounts have peaks above water
and volcanic islands are completely under-
A. Higher salinity water
B. Higher pressure C. Seamounts are made up of igneous
C. Darker rocks and volcanic islands are made up of
D. All of these are correct sedimentary rocks
D. Seamounts are made up of sedimen-
4334. What is the name of the largest and tary rocks and volcanic islands are made
most powerful surface current in the North up of igneous rocks
Atlantic Ocean?
4338. You left a cube of ice in a cup. In an
hour the ice turned into a clear substance
that took on the shape of the bottom of the
cup. After a few days there appeared to
be nothing in the glass at all. What states
of matter did the ice cube go through?
A. Gulf of Mexico A. liquid-solid-gas

B. Pacific Steam B. gas-liquid-solid
C. Gulf Stream C. solid-liquid-gas
D. Atlantic Ocean steam D. solid-gas-liquid

1.1 HYDROLOGY 499
4339. Rain that falls on a steep, paved street 4343. True or False:Freshwater means that
during a thunderstorm will most likely be- the water is clean and safe to drink.
come A. True

A. groundwater B. False
B. a spring
4344. Put the following forms of water in or-
C. runoff der from the smallest to the largest pro-
D. a reservoir portions:glaciers/ice caps, groundwater,
rivers/lakes, and saltwater.
4340. How often do spring and neap tides oc-
A. Rivers/Lakes, Groundwater, Glaciers/Ice
cur?
Caps, Saltwater
A. two times a day B. Saltwater, Rivers/Lakes, Groundwa-
B. Two times a day ter, Glaciers/Ice Caps
C. three times a week C. Glaciers/Ice Caps, Groundwater, Salt-
D. two times a month water, Rivers/Lakes
D. Groundwater, Saltwater, Rivers/Lakes,
4341. A friend tells you the ocean bottom is Glaciers/Ice Caps
flat, just like the top. You would tell them
describes how point E is changing the salin-
A. Great work, they’ll do well on the mas-
ity level of the ocean?
tery!
B. The bottom has waves just like the sur-
face
C. They are wrong because the ocean’s
surface looks a lot like the land’s sur-
face:it has mountains, valleys, and plains
D. No one knows because it hasn’t been
explored.
A. Point E is infiltrating the oceans salin-
4342. Maureen measured the water level of ity.
the ocean at high tide and at low tide ev- B. Point E is decreasing the oceans salin-
ery day near her home in Florida. The table ity.
below shows her results. On which day
did a spring tide most likely take place? C. Point E is not changing the oceans
salinity.
D. Point E is increasing the oceans salin-
ity.
4346. Which human activity can alter the wa-
ter cycle
A. June 3 A. Industrialization
B. June 6 B. Deforestation
C. June 9 C. Farming
D. June 11 D. All above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 500
4347. Where does water vapor in the atmo- C. high tides

sphere come from? D. big dips
A. evaporation from oceans
4352. Which of the following is the main
B. evaporation from soil source of energy for the water cycle?
C. transpiration from plants A. The wind because it causes waves to
D. the burning of fossil fuels move
B. Density because it creates currents in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4348. What is a tide of minimum range that
occurs during the 1st and 3rd quarters of the ocean
the moon? C. The sun because it heats water caus-
A. Tide ing it to evaporate
B. Tidal range D. Geothermal energy because it heats

groundwater causing it to evaporate
C. Spring tide
D. Neap tide 4353. When is seawater the most dense?
A. when salinity is high and its tempera-
4349. The presence of living things such as ture is high
fish, insects, and algae that indicate how
safe water may be are known as B. when salinity is low and its tempera-
ture is high
A. pH
B. pollution ture is low
C. ROACHES!! D. when salinity is low and its tempera-
D. bio indicators ture is low
4350. The Gulf Stream current is part of our 4354. what causes surface currents
North Atlantic gyre. What type of water A. wind
is flowing in the Gulf Stream?
B. gravity
A. warm and high salinity
C. rain
B. cold and high salinity
C. warm and low salinity
D. cold and low salinity 4355. Put these samples in order from highest
permeability to lowest permeability:clay,
4351. The bulges that occur in the Earth’s gravel, & sand.
oceans are called A. sand, clay, gravel
B. gravel, clay, sand
C. gravel, sand, clay
D. clay, sand, gravel
4356. Which of the following equipment is

used for the analysis of water using color?
A. low waters A. TOC Analyzer
B. low tides B. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 501
C. FTIR 4361. The rate at which water can pass

through the empty spaces in rocks and
D. none of above
soils

4357. How much of Earth’s water supply is A. permeability
found in the ocean? B. porosity
A. 97%
4362. In science class, lab partners are design-
B. 75% ing an experiment that shows the impor-
C. 52% tant steps of the water cycle. For their ex-
D. 25% procedures could best be used to demon-
4358. Among hydrogen, air, oil SAE 10 and Oil tion and evaporation?
no. 3, which of them flows fastest at 70
deg C? A. To show condensation, the lab part-
ners must increase the temperature
A. hydrogen within the cycle; to show evaporation,
B. air they must decrease the temperature.
C. oil SAE 10 D. To show condensation, the lab part-
D. Oil no. 3 ture within the cycle; to show evaporation,
4359. Where does salt in the ocean come
from? 4363. What happens to water density, when
temperature drops?
A. Iron from the core
B. Rain from the atmosphere
C. Weathering and erosion from the crust
D. Compaction of the lithosphere
4360. the AVERAGE weather conditions in an

area over a long period of time
A. Water becomes less dense
A. climate B. Water becomes more dense
B. tide
4364. Tides are caused by
C. convection
A. strong winds that blow over ocean wa-
D. weather ters.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 502
B. the interaction of Earth, the moon and B. evaporation

the sun. C. deposition
C. the shifting of the plates on the ocean
D. infiltration
floor.
D. variations in the salinity of ocean wa- 4369. Winds that blow over long distances are
ter called
4365. Oceans contain nearly % of Earth’s A. Waves
NARAYAN CHANGDER
water. (EEn 2.3.1) B. Local Winds
A. 3 C. Global Winds
B. 66 D. Currents
C. 50
4370. A technology used for underwater map-
D. 97
ping is called
4366. If a high tide occurred at 12:30 pm A. Laser
about when will the next low tide occur?
B. Radar
A. 12:30 am
C. Sonar
B. 6:30 pm
D. Doppelganger
C. 12:30 pm (the next day)
D. 6:30 am 4371. Salt water makes up % of all wa-
ter.
4367. What will happen to the ice caps is the
Sun’s energy gets stronger? A. 97%
A. The ice will become much colder, caus- B. 3%

ing clouds to form less rainfall. C. 71%
B. The ice will become much harder, caus- D. 50%
ing clouds to form more rainfall.
C. The ice will become vapor, then the va- 4372. Which statement describes a relation-
por will become water. ship between population growth and
Earth’s water supplies?
D. The ice will become water, then the
water will become vapor. A. population growth usually improves
water supplies because most water is
4368. The flowchart below shows part of used for irrigation
Earth’s water cycle. The question marks
B. population growth usually improves
indicate a part of the flowchart that
water supplies because more people are
has been deliberately left blank. Which
close to the water source
process should be shown in place of
the question marks to best complete the C. population growth usually damages
flowchart? water supplies because humans pollute
and destroy wetlands
D. population growth usually damages
water supplies because most city water is
A. condensation used for drinking

1.1 HYDROLOGY 503
4373. precipitation caused due to striking of 4378. Aquifers are sources of freshwater.
air masses with a topographical feature is This means that they contain
called

A. Salt water
A. frontal precipitation B. Drinkable water
B. orographic precipitation C. Fossil Fuels
C. convective precipitation D. Sulfur
D. none of these
4379. Which factor MOSTLY causes waves?
4374. In general, surface currents that flow A. A. the wind
from the equator toward the poles carry B. B. the moon
water.
C. C. earthquakes
A. cool
B. warm
4380. If a body of water has high turbidity lev-
C. freezing
els, what can most likely be concluded?
D. boiling A. It has a low pH.
4375. Why are ocean currents important to B. It is unsafe to drink.
coastal regions? C. It is too hot to drink.
A. They produce high and low tides D. It contains a lot of chemicals.
B. They can warm or cool the air temper-
4381. Moisture will form faster on a glass
atures
when the air is:
C. They can vertically push warm water
A. the air is dry and the glass is cold
and nutrients to the surface
B. the air is humid and the glass is cold
D. They increase the rate of precipitation
as cold water moves along coastal re- C. the air is dry and the glass is warm
gions D. the air is humid and the glass is warm
4376. Which water cycle stage creates clouds? 4382. When runoff from the continents re-
turns to the ocean, one turn of the cy-
A. Transpiration
cle is completed. Other routes are possible.
B. Evaporation For example, water that evaporates from
C. Condensation the ocean can return to the ocean as rain.
D. Runoff
4377. Which movement of ocean water is

caused by the Moon?
A. waves
B. tides
C. shallow currents
D. deep currents

1.1 HYDROLOGY 504
A. water A. rises and disappears

B. rock B. encounters a warm front
C. butterfly C. condenses around dust particles
D. cloud D. rises too high to fall to the ground
4383. What is the relationship for the vari- 4385. Which of the following will could be-
ables given in the image? come a volcanic island?
A. mid-ocean ridge
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. seamount
C. ocean trench
4386. Although Country A gets a lot of rain-
fall each year, it is currently ranked as one
of the highest water-stressed (not enough
water) countries in the world. The coun-
try is densely populated and in turn, has
a high demand for clean drinking water.
The country has no freshwater lakes or
A.
aquifers (containers holding water) and its
demand far exceeds its naturally occurring
water supply.
A. Country A could use advanced rainwa-
ter capture systems (ways to catch and
keep the water) to utilize the rain they do
get to help meet their freshwater needs.
B. Country A could drill deep into the
B. ground to access (get) deep water.
C. Country A can buy bottled water for its
residents (people) from other countries.
D. none of above
4387. Fall here tends to be dry and cool.
A. Weather
B. Climate
C.
4388. Click on the picture behind this question.
What state of matter is in picture #3?
D. none of above
4384. Clouds form when water vapor in the
air does what? A. plasma

1.1 HYDROLOGY 505
B. gas D. The total amount of water in the hy-

C. liquid drosphere both decreases and increases
over time due to competing processes

D. solid such as evaporation and precipitation.
4389. What does a flood watch mean? 4393. An electron has a charge.
A. A flood is possible A. negative
B. A flood will occur soon B. positive
C. A flood is occurring C. neutral
D. There is no chance of flooding D. none of above
4390. How is the salt in the ocean water mea- 4394. Which vocabulary term is used to iden-
sured in? tify the distance between points C G?
A. Salty
B. Salts
C. Salt
D. Salinity
A. Amplitude
4391. A[n] tide occurs when the sun, Earth, B. Crest
and the moon are nearly in a line.
C. Frequency
A. spring
D. Wavelength
B. high
4395. What is the difference between a flood
C. low
and a flash flood?
D. neap
A. A flash flood develops quickly
4392. Which BESTdescribes how the total B. A flash flood is over faster
amount of water present in the hydro-
C. A flash flood is easier to avoid
sphere varies over time?
D. A flash flood involves more water
4396. Which single source of freshwater rep-

resents the largest volume of freshwater
worldwide that is easily availability for
use by humans?
A. The total amount of water in the hy-
A. Ice caps and glaciers
drosphere decreases over time due to the
process of evaporation. B. Freshwater lakes
B. The total amount of water in the hydro- C. Rivers and streams
sphere remains the same over time, but D. Groundwater deposits
changes form due to the water cycle.
C. The total amount of water in the hydro- 4397. The amount of water vapor in the atmo-
sphere increases over time due to the pro- sphere is called
cess of precipitation. A. Humidity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 506
B. Condensation 4402. A satellite image of an area in Florida

C. Saturation shows a river with slight bends along its
length. A second satellite image taken of
D. Precipitation the same area 10 years later shows the
same river with a different course. What
4398. A deep, steep-sided canyon in the ocean
is the best explanation for the difference
floor
in the shape of the river’s course between
A. trench the two satellite images?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. seamount
C. guyot
D. abyssal plain
4399. Where is most of the earth’s fresh wa-

ter stored today?
A. Wind blew waves across the water sur-
A. in polar ice sheets
face, eroding away the bank on one side of
B. in rivers and lakes the river until the river’s course changed
C. in the oceans its shape
D. in groundwater B. Regular freezing and thawing of the
river split the soil along the river banks,
4400. What causes deep ocean currents to changing the shape of the river
move? C. Water eroded the banks of the river
A. Heat from the sun and deposited the eroded soil on opposite
B. Gravitational pull from the moon banks, causing the river to form tighter
bends
C. The wind
D. Acid rain chemically weathered the
D. A change in density banks along the river, forcing the river to
wind back and forth
4401. How much of Earth’s water is unavail-
able for humans to consume due to its high 4403. What is the most important factor af-
salinity? fecting the movements of water in an
ocean?
A. landslides
B. molecules
C. currents
D. waves
4404. Ocean water is denser than fresh water

at the same temperature because of
A. 1.2% A. pressure
B. 23% B. the Coriolis effect
C. 77% C. upwelling
D. 96.5% D. salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 507
4405. rain gauge that is unable to measure 4410. The most USABLE water in the world is
snowfall stored in

A. Symon’s rain gauge A. glaciers and ice
B. tipping bucket B. lakes and rivers
C. float type C. aquifers

D. streams and ponds
D. telemetering rain gauge
4411. A long chain of small underwater moun-
4406. what does the suffix sphere mean? tains that form when lava erupts and
A. a round body whose surface forms new ocean floor at divergent bound-
aries
B. a square body
A. Mid-ocean ridge
C. land surface
B. Trench
D. water surface C. Continental slope
4407. What phenomenon is cause by the in- D. Continental shelf
crease of CO2 in the atmosphere and
4412. The density of ocean water depends on
oceans, which lowers the pH of the
oceans?
A. Temperature and wave speed
A. Climate Change
B. Salinity and temperature
B. Ocean Acidification
C. Wave speed and wave size
C. Rising Sea Levels
D. Wave size and salinity
D. Global Warming
4413. A is a type of hot spring that shoots
4408. Through the process of , most precip- water into the air. One of the largest gey-
itation that falls on land becomes ground- sers, Old Faithful, shoots a jet of hot wa-
water. ter and steam about 20 times a day.
A. geyser
A. Turbidity
B. hot well
B. Infiltration
C. waterfall
C. Condensation
D. none of above
D. Transpiration
4414. What separates a watershed?
E. Evaporation
A. A river
4409. A well in which groundwater rises be- B. State lines
cause of pressure is called a(n)
C. A ridge
A. spring well D. Low elevation point
B. geyser well
4415. Name a river in India that is very fa-
C. artesian well mous for being polluted
D. cry well A. Musi

1.1 HYDROLOGY 508
B. Nile 4419. What percentage of dissolved salt in

ocean water is made up of sulfate?
C. Halmahera
D. Ganga A. 3.7%
B. 1.1%
4416. What could happen if the water table
lowers? C. 7.7%
D. 30.6%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4420. A natural system linked by living
(plants, animals) and nonliving (soil, air,
water) things?
A. Ecosystem
A. There would be more precipitation. B. Riverbasin
B. A lake could form in the valley. C. Watershed

C. The river level could lower. D. Estuary
D. Transpiration would stop.
4421. Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to
4417. The process illustrated in the following the ground.
image can best be described as
A. precipitation
B. evaporation
C. condensation
D. infiltration
4422. A pole in the sand at the beach is visi-

ble throughout the day, but becomes sub-
merged in water at night. Why does the
A. Lithification pole become submerged at night?
B. Deposition
A. low tides form a lack of recent rainfall
C. Deformation
B. high tides caused by the moon’s grav-
D. Weathering ity
4418. The surface of the world is covered in C. smaller waves from a decrease in
what percent of water? ocean currents
A. 78% D. bigger waves from stronger winds
B. 90% blowing from the shore
C. 97%
4423. In this model, what is the order of lay-
D. 70% ers from most dense to least dense?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 509
A. Indian Ocean
B. Arctic Ocean

C. Southern Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
4427. What percentage of freshwater sources

is trapped in glaciers/icecaps?
A. 86.7%
A. Blue, green, yellow, red B. 78.7%
B. Blue, yellow, green, red C. 58.7%
C. Green, Blue, yellow, red D. 68.7%
D. Red, yellow, green, blue 4428. How much of Earth’s water is contained
in the ocean?
A. above 97%
B. above 95%
C. above 75%
D. above 85%
4429. Select the ONE factor listed below that

WILL NOT affect the SURFACE salinity of
A. Water in an area the oceans.
B. Land that water flows over and A. evaporation
through
B. precipitation
C. Water that flows into a river or stream
C. ice melting from glaciers
D. Fresh Water that flows to the ocean
D. temperature
4425. Which of the following does not result E. earthquakes
in a high infiltration rate?
A. Steep gradient 4430. The percentage of pore space in a mate-
rial is called
B. Porous rock
A. permeability
C. Soft soaking rain
B. groundwater
D. Low soil moisture content
C. infiltration
4426. Which ocean is the largest? D. porosity
4431. Convection currents are formed in the

atmosphere when cold air pushes warm
air upward. Which property of the air is
most responsible for the formation of con-
vection currents?
A. Chemical Composition

1.1 HYDROLOGY 510
B. Density Differences 4437. The amount of salt in water is know as

C. Temperature A. desalinization
D. Pressure B. precipitation
C. sleet
4432. Rain, snow, sleet, hail
D. salinity
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation 4438. Why is clean water important?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. All life on Earth depends on clean wa-
C. Precipitation
ter to live and grow.
D. Specific Heat
B. We need clean water for recreational
4433. Which processes of the water cycle in- activities.
volve plants? C. We need bodies of water for trans-
portation
A. transpiration and evaporation
D. We need water to regulate the temper-
B. precipitation and absorption
ature on Earth.
C. infiltration and runoff
4439. A large body of salt water; covers
D. transpiration and precipitation most of Earth’s surface
4434. The most important factors in determin- A. Glacier
ing the rate of weathering are- B. River
A. carbon dioxide and acid rain C. Topography
B. abrasion and acids from plant roots D. Saltwater
C. animal actions and oxygen E. Ocean
D. rock type and climate 4440. The table compares a family’s annual
water use to an average household and
4435. Which would indicate the water in a
a water-wise household. The family com-
lake is not safe for drinking?
pares their information to the other in-
A. Many varieties of fish in the lake formation in the table. Which of these
B. high dissolved-oxygen levels in the changes would help them become a more
lake water-wise household?
C. cold water temperature of the lake

D. high turbidity levels in the lake
4436. What step in the water treatment pro-

cess involves the removal of sediment?
A. aeration
B. desalination
C. disinfection A. replace their toilet
D. filtration B. install different faucets

1.1 HYDROLOGY 511
C. get a new clothes washer 4446. Which river is relatively flat and has a
D. take baths instead of showers wide floodplain?

A. Young
4441. What is the most abundant salt in the
sea? B. Old
A. calcium chloride C. Mature
B. potassium chloride D. none of above
C. magnesium chloride 4447. Seamount is similiar to
D. sodium chloride A. a volcanic island
4442. Water that is safe enough to use for B. a small mountain or volcano
washing but not safe enough to drink. C. The Great Plains
A. potable water D. The Grand Canyon
B. drinking water
4448. Where is the water in the river moving
C. safe water the slowest?
D. basic water
4443. What is the state of matter that precip-
itation can NOT form in?
A. solid
B. gas
C. liquid
D. none of above
4444. Why does the moon have more influence A. A
on tides than the sun? B. B
A. sun’s gravity doesn’t have an effect C. D
B. moon is closer to Earth than the sun D. none of above
C. moon has more mass than the sun
4449. What percentage of freshwater sources
D. Earth blocks the sun is trapped in glaciers/icecaps?
4445. What type of front is shown? A. 25%
B. 97%
C. 30%
D. 68.7%
4450. The total amount of water on Earth

A. Warm Front A. is increasing
B. Cold Front B. is relatively (mostly) constant
C. Occluded Front C. is decreasing
D. Stationary Front D. depends on the weather

1.1 HYDROLOGY 512
4451. gently sloping shelf of land extending 4456. What is the difference in water height
from the shoreline to the continental edge between the high tide (1.6 meters) and
A. Continental Slope low tide (0.1 meters) at the beach?
B. Continental Shelf A. 0.8 meters
C. Continental Rise B. 1 meter
D. Abyssal Plain C. 1.3 meters
4452. When do Neap Tides occur? D. 1.5 meters
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. when moon, sun, and earth are in line 4457. pollutants entering waterways from a
B. when moon, sun, and earth are in a 90 general area, such as runoff from farmland
degree angle or suburban communities
C. when moon has disappeared A. Bio-indicators
D. when Earth has disappeared B. Point Source Pollution
4453. evaporation of water from the leaves of C. Non-point Source Pollution

a plant D. Turbidity
A. transpiration
4458. By DAD analysis, the maximum average
B. precipitation depth over an area of 104 km2
C. radiation A. < 47 cm
D. runoff B. > 47 cm
4454. What is illustrated in this aerial photo? C. = 47 cm
D. inadequate information to conclude
4459. The evenings are generally mild in the

spring time.
A. Weather
B. Climate
4460. Which ocean is the largest and deepest;

its the single largest geographic feature on
A. seawall Earth.
B. breakwater
C. groin
D. inlet
4455. What location would contain brackish
water?
A. Mouth A. Pacific
B. Creeks B. Atlantic
C. Headwaters C. Indian
D. Source D. Arctic

1.1 HYDROLOGY 513
4461. Which of the following will make an C. aquifers, ice caps, and glaciers
ocean rise?
D. none of above

A. Adding water to the ocean
B. Removing water from the ocean 4466. What is the term for water that moves
across the surface of the land and enters
C. Squeezing it between two continents streams and rivers?
D. Making more room by moving the con-
A. Aquifer
tinents apart
B. Water table
4462. What is most responsible for the pres-
ence of groundwater in an area? (EEn C. Runoff
2.3.2) D. Infiltration
A. the movement of water from a con-
fined aquifer into surface water 4467. Which would result in more runoff and
stream discharge?
B. the movement of surface water and
precipitation through soil and rock A. ground that is saturated
C. the movement of water from streams B. ground that is unsaturated
and rivers to watersheds
4468. Which abbreviation of an air mass can
D. the movement of surface water
be identified as dry and cold?
through impermeable rock
4463. Why does ice float?
A. water expands when it freezes, mak-

ing ice less dense than water A. cP
B. water compacts when it freezes, mak- B. mP
ing ice more dense than water C. cT
C. hydrogen bonds in water push the ice
D. mT
to the surface
D. ice is afraid of water, and avoids it 4469. Which is formed when a section of
impermeable rock forces groundwater to
4464. Can be replaced within a human lifetime move laterally and emerge onto thesur-
A. Nonrenewable resource face of Earth?
B. Renewable resource A. a spring
4465. Where does most fresh water exist? B. an aquifer

A. ice caps, lakes, and streams C. a geyser
B. glaciers, rivers, and oceans D. a well

1.1 HYDROLOGY 514
4470. What ocean feature is located at G? C. Water pollution causes a decrease in

fish populations in a river
D. The ozone shield helps prevent harm-
ful radiation from reaching the surface of
Earth
A. abyssal plain 4474. What part of a river system does the

image show?
B. mid-ocean ridge
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. trench
D. seamount
4471. Structures that extend out in a perpen-
dicular direction-often used to prevent cur-
rents and waves from obstructing shipping
lanes.
A. meander
B. tributary
C. delta
D. estuary
4475. Weather is studied and predicted by sci-
entists called To understand and pre-
A. Sandbar dict the weather, meteorologist must first
B. Groins understand how the atmosphere heats and
cools, how clouds form and produce rain,
C. Jetties
and what makes the wind blow.
D. Seawall
A. Meteorologists
E. Breakwaters
B. astronomers
4472. What is the most abundant elements in C. biologists
the seawater?
D. chemists
A. Sodium Chloride
4476. Which word means that water CANNOT
B. Potassium
pass through easily?
C. Sulfate
A. impermeable
D. Magnesium B. permeable
4473. Which statement illustrates how human 4477. Convection currents in the ocean cause
activities can most directly change the the water to be pushed to the top and
dynamic equilibrium (or balance) of an the water gets pushed to the bottom.
ecosystem?
A. Salty, non salty
A. a hurricane causes a stream to over-
flow its banks B. non salty, salty
B. increased wind increase water evapo- C. warm, cold
ration from a plant D. cold, warm

1.1 HYDROLOGY 515
4478. Why do land breezes occur at night? B. monthly

A. Land cools off slower than water, so C. twice

the air above water is cooler.
D. none of above
B. Water cools off faster than land, so the
air above land is warmer. 4482. What is caused by the force of gravity
between the Moon and Earth?
C. Land heats up slower than water, so
the air stays cooler during the day. A. ocean tides
D. Water cools off slower than land, so B. phases of the moon
the air above water is warmer. C. seasons on Earth
4479. Choose the correct option D. planets’ motion in orbit
4483. The Coriolis Effect is caused by what?

A. The wind blowing
B. Earth’s gravity pulling things down
C. The rotation of the Earth
D. The pull of the Moon
4484. Factors that influence the occurrence of

A. boiling infiltration in an area are
B. condensation
A. Soil depth and permeability
C. evaporation
B. The angle of incidence of sunlight and
D. melting the slope of the slope
4480. What part of the water cycle does this C. Slope slope and soil permeability
picture show? D. Slope slope and depth
4485. The layer of soil which the topsoil is

found.
A. Horizon A
B. Horizon B
C. Horizon C
D. Horizon D or R
4486. Which of the following energy resources

A. condensation
does NOT give off carbon dioxide when
B. precipitation used?
C. evaporation A. Uranium
D. none of above B. Coal
4481. Tides rise and fall about a day. C. Natural Gas
A. once D. Petroleum

1.1 HYDROLOGY 516
4487. What is A? C. drought

D. flooding
4491. water that fills the cracks and spaces in

underground soil and rock layers
A. Groundwater
B. River basin
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Watershed
A. Evaporation D. Hydrosphere
B. Condensation 4492. What is the hydrosphere?
C. Precipitation
D. Runoff
4488. The ocean labeled 1 in the map that is

located between California and Japan is
called the
A. Water on the earth’s surface

B. Oceans of the Earth
C. Rivers, oceans and lakes of the Earth
A. Arctic Ocean 4493. Global winds and surface currents are

B. Indian Ocean caused by?
C. Pacific Ocean A. Moon’s gravity
D. Atlantic Ocean B. Earth’s rotation

C. Earth’s revolution
4489. In which oceanic zone do clamsand crabs
survive by burrowing in the sand? D. The Gulf Stream
A. deep ocean 4494. Why is water from an aquifer more

B. pelagic-open ocean likely to be cleaner than water from other
sources?
C. neritic
A. because it forms where fresh and salt
D. intertidal zone water meet
4490. Over-using an aquifer can lead to subsi- B. because it receives water directly
dence. Which other hazard would MOST from precipitation
likely be exacerbated (make worse) by C. because it rises to the surface near the
this subsidence? ocean
A. climate change D. because pollutants are filtered by rock
B. earthquake and soil deep within Earth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 517
4495. What is runoff? 4500. What is the energy source for the water
cycle?
A. the excess water that isn’t absorbed

into the ground after it rains A. Wind from the Earth’s rotation
B. the vapor that is created when the B. Heat from the sun
sun’s heat warms the Earth’s surface C. Gravity from the moon
C. water that is absorbed into the ground D. Heat from the Earth’s core
and collects in rocks and soil
4501. What is the increased tide that occurs
D. water droplets that combine to form
two times in a month at the new and full
clouds
moons?
4496. Which of these statements is most accu- A. Tidal range
rate about the Sun? B. Spring Tide
A. It has an infinite energy supply C. Neap Tide
B. It is near the end of its life cycle. D. Tide
C. It is in its infancy in terms of energy
4502. Which processes increase the salinity of
consumption.
ocean water?
D. It has consumed approximately one- A. Evaporation and precipitation
half of its expendable energy.
B. Evaporation and freezing
4497. The global wind system that assists C. Condensation and freezing
with the formation of hurricanes is
D. Precipitation and freezing
A. polar easterlies
4503. Which habitat on Earth would probably
B. prevailing westerlies
add the greatest amount of water to the
C. trade winds water cycle through EVAPORATION?
D. doldrums A. desert
B. a lake
4498. Which of the following processes is re-
sponsible for the formation of meanders? C. biomesw
A. Abrasion D. a warm ocean
B. Hydraulic action 4504. Which is NOT a source of nitrates enter-

C. Attrition ing streams?
D. Lateral erosion
4499. All rivers receive there water from

?
A. Ocean
B. Precipitation
C. Watershed
D. Discharge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 518
A. leaky septic tanks 4509. What process is being shown in the pic-
B. cow manure and goose droppings ture?
C. sewage plant wastewater
D. they are all sources of nitrates
4505. What is the amount of salt in water
called?
A. Salinity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Saline
4506. A wave can make a leaf bob up and
down on the water, but it cannot move A. condensation
the leaf toward the shore. This is because B. precipitation
waves only transfer
C. collection
A. matter
D. evaporation
B. energy
C. media 4510. what is condensation
D. crests A. the cooling of water in the atmosphere
changing gas to liquid
B. when it goes up in the sky
most important in driving the water cycle?
C. comes down as rain snow sleet or hail
A. Gravity is necessary to pull water
downhill when it rains thus allowing wa- D. liquid turning to gas
4511. What is saltinity
B. Geothermal energy is important so
A. salt
forms of precipitation like rain occur.
B. no salt
water vapor during the process of evapo- C. salt
ration. D. water
D. Sunlight heats up surface water creat-
4512. Which choice is NOT a way to conserve
ing the process of evaporation.
water?
4508. every year, the Moon’s average dis- A. take shorter shower
tance from Earth increases by about 3.8
B. wash dishes by hand
centimeters. When the Moon comes to
be a much greater distance from Earth, C. fix leaky toilets
Earth’s oceans will experience D. turn off water while brushing teeth
A. less extreme tides than they do today.
4513. What causes surface waves to form?
B. more extreme tides than they do to-
day. A. Tides
C. tides that are similar as those found B. Wind blowing over the water
today. C. Spring Tides
D. A. tides that are not even noticeable. D. Neap Tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 519
4514. Which continent is located at #4? 4519. What separates one drainage basin
from another?

A. Mountains
B. Hills
C. Divides
D. Canyons
A. South America
B. North America 4520. What term matches best with #7?
C. Europe
D. Africa
4515. Approximately what percent of water

on the Earth is readily available for hu-
man/animal use?
A. 100%
A. infiltration
B. 10%
B. condensation
C. 1%
C. precipitation
D. 0%
D. evaporation
4516. What is the scientific name of salt?
E. transpiration
A. Sulfate chloride
B. Sodium Chloride 4521. How much of the water on earth is both
FRESH and AVAILABLE to be used by hu-
C. Potassium Sulfate mans?
D. Calcium Sulfate A. 97%
4517. Mrs. Dunn has a water bottle sitting on B. 50%
her desk. She notices drops of water on
C. 3%
the outside of the bottle. Why?
A. evaporation D. <1%
B. condensation 4522. How could a longterm decrease in pre-

C. precipitation cipitation impact an area?
D. transpiration A. It could increase the average water
level of lakes
4518. Increased evaporation of ocean water
will result in B. It could increase the amount of flood-
ing
A. decreased salinity
C. It could decrease the amount of infil-
B. Increased temperature tration
C. Increased salinity D. It could decrease the amount of dam-
D. snow days age to crops

1.1 HYDROLOGY 520
4523. How many are the alternatives for cur- A. natural well
rent meter readings B. artesian well
A. 1 C. spring
B. 2 D. none of above
C. 3
4528. Which of the following areas in the
D. 4 ocean is likely to have the lowest salinity?
(DOK 2)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4524. At which feature on the ocean floor is
old crust taken away through the process A. a warm, tropical sea
of subduction? B. the cold Arctic Ocean
A. Trench C. near the mouth of a fresh water river
B. Abyssal Plain D. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
4529. What percentage of Earth is covered
D. Seamount with water?
4525. A source of pollution is a water pol- A. 80%
lution source that happens in a specific B. 60%
area, such as a spot where chemicals are
being directly dumped in the water. C. 71%
A. point D. 97%
B. nonpoint 4530. The Gulf Stream is a current that

C. aquifer carries water from the to the North
Atlantic Ocean.
D. gravity
4526. Look at the tide chart below. In which

week(s) per month is there a Spring Tide?
A. 1 A. cold, equator
B. 2 B. warm, equator
C. 3 C. cold, Mexico
D. 4 D. warm, South America
E. 1 and 3 4531. What is the scientific name for salt?
4527. A well that does not need a pump be- A. Sodium Acetate
cause water flows to the surface natu- B. Sodium Chloride
rally, due to being under pressure from the
weight of surrounding water in the aquifer, C. Chloride sodium
is called a/an D. Hydroxide sulfate

1.1 HYDROLOGY 521
4532. Which characteristic of water will allow A. mass

a paperclip to remain floating on water B. energy
when the paperclip is gently placed on top

of the water? C. mass and energy
D. neither mass nor energy
A. adhesion
B. surface tension 4537. The is the continuous movement
of water throughout the environment of
C. solvent properties
Earth.
D. nonpolar A. runoff
4533. the process of water being soaked into B. water cycle
the ground is called C. evaporation
A. runoff D. condensation
B. infiltration
C. precipitation
A. the sun
D. transpiration
B. gravity
4534. Using the diagram above, identify the C. water
wave part at letter C. D. clouds
4539. When a warm air mass overtakes a re-
treating cold air mass, it forms a(n)-
A. stationary front
B. cold front
A. trough C. warm front
B. crest D. occluded front
C. wavelength 4540. A student takes a bottle of cold water
D. amplitude from the refrigerator and leaves it on the
E. frequency
4535. measure of that saltiness in the water of the bottle. What scientific phenomenon
is called explains the water on the outside of the
bottle?
A. Conductivity
A. Condensation occurred because the
B. pH
temperature of the air nearest the bottle
C. Salinity increased causing water droplets to form.
D. Turbidity B. Condensation occurred because the
temperature of the air nearest the bot-
4536. What travels through a wave? tle decreased causing water droplets to
form.
C. Evaporation occurred because the
temperature of the air nearest the bottle
increased causing water droplets to form.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 522
D. Evaporation occurred because the B. higher temperatures and higher air

temperature of the air nearest the bot- pressure.
tle decreased causing water droplets to C. becomes warmer, density becomes
form. cooler
4541. 97% of Earth’s water is water. D. increases, density increases.
A. Fresh 4546. Which of these examples is not water
B. Salt conservation?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Surface A. using left over dishwater to water
plants
D. Frozen
B. turning off the faucet while brushing
4542. Where does runoff end up? your teeth
A. ponds in meadows C. filling the entire tub for a bath instead
of a quick shower
B. streams in the mountains
D. only washing a FULL load of laundry
C. rivers in valleys
D. all of the above because they’re bodies 4547. Besides the MOON, the daily TIDES
of water around the world are MOST affected by
the
4543. Which diagram represents a side view A. Coriolis Effect
of a sand dune most commonly formed as
a result of the prevailing wind direction B. rain
shown? C. wind
D. sun
4548. How can forests increase atmospheric

humidity?
A. With rainfall cycles
B. With the evaporation cycle
A. DIAGRAM 1
C. With the infiltration cycle
B. DIAGRAM 2
D. By the transpiration method
C. DIAGRAM 3
D. DIAGRAM 4 4549. Which of these increases as a submarine
dives deeper into the ocean?
4544. Heavily vegetated lands are more likely A. the water pressure
to experience flooding.
B. the water temperature
A. true
C. the freshness of water
B. false
D. the number of plants in the water
4545. Air pressure is related to density in the 4550. The pie chart above shows the relative
way that when air pressure amounts of dissolved solids found in ocean
A. has a specific heat and density has spe- water. Which are the two most abundant
cific heat. elements in ocean water and what is the

1.1 HYDROLOGY 523
sum of the percentages of these two ele- C. Farmers spend money on irrigation or
ments? wells

D. Farmers may lose cattle
4554. After ocean water evaporates from a
container, small white crystals are left be-
hind. What is an explanation of what hap-
pened?
A. Sand was left behind after the water
evaporated.
A. Sodium and Magnesium B. Dirt was left behind after the water
B. Potassium and Sodium evaporated.
C. Chlorine and Sodium C. Salt was left behind after the water
D. Calcium and Chlorine evaporated.
D. Sugar was left behind after the water
4551. Roots are crucial to keeping sediment evaporated.
bound together in an area; crucial in pro-
tecting areas further inland from waves 4555. Cold air masses that form at high lati-
and tides. tudes are called
A. polar air masses
B. continental air masses
C. warm air masses
D. maritime air masses
4556. Which of the following is a method sci-
entists use to study the ocean floor?
A. Sand Dune Vegetation Anchoring A. SONAR
B. Beach Nourishment B. Aerial Photography
C. Seismographs
4552. The Thiessen polygon is
D. Sailor’s Anecdotes
A. a polygon obtained by joining adjoining
rain gauge stations 4557. What does #7 in the image represent?
B. a representative area used for weigh- A. Ocean Trench
ing the observed station precipitation
B. Abyssal Plain
C. an area used in the construction of C. Continental slope
depth-area curves
D. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. the descriptive term for the shape of a
hydrograph 4558. The part of the ocean floor that sepa-
rates the oceanic rise from the thick conti-
4553. How do droughts impact farmers? nental crust and is between the shoreline
Choose the correct answers. and the continental shelf break is called
A. Crops may die the continental
B. Farmers don’t lose money A. Rise

1.1 HYDROLOGY 524
B. Shelf A. Smooth flow

C. Slope B. Laminar flow
D. Margin C. Helical flow
4559. Which sediment size would allow water D. Turbulent flow
to flow through at the fastest rate?
A. Sand 4565. The cause of tides
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Clay A. Waves
C. Silt B. Currents
D. Pebbles
C. Interaction of the Sun, Moon, and
4560. Downward movement of water through Earth
soil = accumulation D. Inertia
A. True
B. False 4566. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Cur-
rent modify the climate of northwestern
4561. Once water evaporates it is called Europe by making the climate
A. Darth Vapor A. warmer and drier
B. Water Vapor
B. warmer and more humid
C. Water Gas
C. cooler and drier
D. Mist
D. cooler and more humid
4562. Near the ceiling of a room the air is
warmer. The warm air rises because of 4567. Most of Earth’s freshwater is found in
A. conduction
A. rivers and lakes.
B. radiation
B. huge masses of ice near the North and
C. convection South Poles.
D. none of above
C. the oceans.
4563. A steep drop-off from the continental D. cracks and spaces in underground soil
shelf that plunges to depths of 2 1/4 and rock.
miles.
A. continental shelf 4568. Why is conserving important? (select
B. continental slope all that apply)
C. abyssal plain A. so we have it to drink
D. trench B. no reason
4564. This occurs where there are higher ve- C. so we can bathe
locities and an increase in bed roughness.
D. it’s not important
Turbulence is associated with hydraulic ac-
tion. E. to help us live

1.1 HYDROLOGY 525
4569. During the summer, at which point in the B. Tar-Pamlic Basin

map would the oceans probably have the C. Neuse River Basin
highest salinity?

D. White Oak River Basin
4574. If it’s a hot day outside, which state-

ment is true?
A. The air molecules move slower.
B. There are more clouds in the sky.
A. Point B C. There is little radiation energy in the
air.
B. Point C
D. There is more radiation energy in the
C. Point D
air.
D. Point E
4575. What is a mass of moving water that
4570. During droughts, lack of rain can lead receives at least some sunlight and moves
to wells drying up. This is because the in circular patterns called?
drought has lowered the
A. In a deep ocean current
A. water trough
B. In a surface current
B. zone of aeration
C. In the Gulf Stream
C. water table
D. On ocean waves
D. zone of porosity
4576. Which of the following are all direct
4571. Meteorology methods of flood control?
A. Flow and occurrence of ground water A. soil conservation, dams, artificial lev-
B. Flow and occurrence of water on the ees
surface of the earth B. dams, artificial levees, overflow chan-
C. Study of the atmosphere including nels
weather and climate C. natural levees, artificial levees, dams
D. none of above D. dams, overflow channels, soil conser-
vation
4572. What is the lag time?
A. the time between rising limb and 4577. Which choices shows the correct
falling limb amounts of fresh water, from LARGEST
to smallest?
B. the time between discharge and time
A. water vapor, surface water, ground-
C. the time between the start and end of water, ice
the flood
B. ice, oceans, surface water, salt water
D. the time between peak rainfall and lakes
peak discharge
C. ice, groundwater, surface water, wa-
4573. What is the name of the river basin that ter vapor
we live in here in Jacksonville? D. groundwater, ice, surface water, wa-
A. New River Basin ter vapor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 526
4578. The air mass shown in the picture above C. Sublimation

is forming over Mexico. This air mass is
D. Condensation
called
4582. Water droplets forming on the outside
of a glass of ice water represent what part
of the water cycle?
A. evaporation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. runoff
A. continental polar 4583. Clouds are formed when water vapor

B. maritime polar A. rises and heats up.
C. continental tropical B. rises and cools down.
D. maritime tropical C. falls and cools down.
4579. Pacific Ocean climate event every 2 to 7 D. falls and heats up.
years which brings warm water to coastal
South America 4584. Soil with the greatest porosity has par-
A. Surface Currents ticles that are
B. Longshore Drift A. poorly sorted and densely packed
C. Coriolis Effect B. poorly sorted and loosely packed
D. The boy C. well sorted and densely packed
4580. Saturated Zone is D. well sorted and loosely packed
A. The top of the saturated zone, deter-
4585. Water from the various streams and
mined by measuring the substances in wa-
creeks that collect at the nearest river is
ter besides water molecules.
known as a
B. A layer of permeable rock or soil in
which the cracks and pores are totally A. ocean
filled with water. B. river basin
C. A layer of rocks and soil above the wa- C. watershed
ter table in which the pores contain air as
well as water. D. pool
D. Tiny algae and animals that float in wa-
4586. What forms water entering the rivers?
ter are carried by waves and currents.
A. Underground water
4581. The change of state from a gas to a liq-
uid. B. Melting ice and snow
A. Evaporation C. Precipitation falling on the ground
B. Transpiration D. Evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 527
4587. Which activity demonstrates chemical 4591. Water is a universal solvent because it
weathering?

A. freezing of water in the cracks of a A. It can be found anywhere
sandstone sidewalk B. It freezes when it gets cold
B. rusting of iron particles in soil C. floats when frozen
C. grinding a sediment into powder D. Dissolves most substances
D. abrasion in a stream by tumbling sedi-
ments 4592. Which of the following is likely to form
an oxbow lake, an abandoned bend in the
4588. Which of the pictures demonstrates a stream?
transformation from electrical to light(and A. Braided stream
thermal) energy?
B. Meandering stream
4593. What do ocean currents carry that

MOST affects climates?
A. heat
B. fish
A. A
C. ships
B. B
D. salt
C. C
D. D 4594. Which processes in the water cycle op-
pose gravity?
4589. What percentage of the earth is covered A. transpiration and evaporation
in water?
B. transpiration and precipitation
A. 1%
C. evaporation and condensation
B. 97%
D. condensation and transpiration
C. 71%
D. 3% 4595. “Clouds”
A. Condensation
4590. Well sorted soil
B. Precipitation
C. Evaporation
D. Runoff
4596. Using the diagram above, identify the

wave part at letter B.
A. has low porosity

B. has low pore space
C. has high porosity
D. means water will move through slowly A. trough

1.1 HYDROLOGY 528
B. crest 4602. What do we call a tide that has a large

C. wavelength range?
D. amplitude A. gravity
E. frequency B. wind
C. spring
4597. This means something has holes in it
that can allow fluid to enter into it. D. neap
A. porous
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4603. A soil layer underground that is a reser-
B. solvent voir for water.
C. ice A. Aquifer
D. condensation B. Watershed
4598. What is the gradual rise and fall of the C. River basin
water on ocean shorelines called? D. Ocean
A. Tides
4604. The weather report says that today will
B. Waves be humid. Which of the following state-
C. Surface currents ments best describes today’s weather?
D. Deep currents A. The air pressure will be low
B. The air temperature will be high
4599. Asia is located:
C. The amount of fog in the air will be low
A. North Pole
B. South Pole D. The amount of water vapor in the air
will be high.
C. Next to Africa
D. In the ocean 4605. What type of weather can you expect
from a high pressure system?
4600. When moist winds approach a mountain A. Cloudy with light rain and possible fog.
on the wind-ward side, they often drop
rain as they rise over the mountain, and B. Clear weather and sunny skies.
come down the side of the mountain C. Rainy weather that lasts for days.
much drier.
D. Thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail and
A. eastern possibility of tornadoes.
B. maritime
4606. The Gulf Stream is a current of warm
C. continental water that moves from the Gulf of Mexico
D. leeward to the North Atlantic Ocean. Which of the
following is true about the Gulf Stream?
4601. Which of the following is NOT an exam-
A. The Gulf Stream is responsible for low-
ple of non-point pollution
ering the temperature of Europe.
A. Rain runoff
B. It is a deep ocean current powered by
B. Snow melt runoff the wind.
C. Atmospheric depostion C. It is a surface current heated by the
D. Factories sun near the Equator.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 529
D. It is a deep ocean current heated by 4611. Any form of water that falls from clouds
Earth’s core. and reaches Earth’s surface

4607. What causes tides to occur? A. evaporation
A. Inertia B. precipitation
B. Interaction of the Earth Sun and Moon C. condensation
C. Evaporation D. transpiration
D. Condensation 4612. What causes cold, deep currents to form
in the oceans near the poles?
4608. What is a drawback to the extensive
use of irrigation? A. sinking of dense, cold water with high
salinity
A. crops don’t receive sufficient water
B. flooding increases B. the coriolis force
C. groundwater levels decrease C. movement of a l
D. pollution increases D. none of above
4609. What landform is created on the inside 4613. The approximate percentage of fresh-
bend ( ) of a meander and why? water from all of Earth’s water
A. 97
B. 75
C. 3
D. less than 1
4614. Where is most of Earth’s water located?

A. A slip off slope or river beach which is
A. polar ice caps
caused by erosion due to fast flowing wa-
ter. B. groundwater
B. A slip off slope or river beach which is C. oceans
caused be deposition due to slow flowing D. atmosphere
water.
C. A deposit beach caused by deposition 4615. This symbol represents what type of
front?
D. An erosional beach caused by erosion
4610. Which is true of groundwater and sur-

face water?
A. more groundwater then surface water
increases
B. more groundwater then surface water
A. cold front
decreases
C. less ground water then surface water B. warm front
increases C. stationary front
D. no connection between the two D. occluded front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 530
4616. What type of weather can you expect 4622. Factors that do not affect surface runoff
from a low pressure system? are
A. Partly cloudy skies. A. Soil type
B. Clear weather and sunny skies. B. Type of road surface
C. Sunny days with wind. C. The weather
D. Thunderstorms and rainy weather. D. Land topography
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4617. A nearly flat region of the ocean floor, 4623. What overall current pattern are these
covered with thick layers of sediment, is arrows in the ocean representing?
called a(an)
A. seamount.
B. abyssal plain
D. mid-ocean ridge
4618. Three inches of rain falling in an hour A. Upwelling currents
during a hurricane is an example of:
B. Rip currents
A. precipitation
C. Thermohaline currents
B. condensation
D. Deep currents
C. transpiration
D. evaporation 4624. Which of the following is most true
about the likelihood of flooding in an area?
4619. A meandering river across a floodplain A. Flooding is less likely where there are
forms cut-offs that later develops into more impermeable surfaces
A. bow-ox
B. Flooding is more likely in an area
B. ox-bow where the soil has low permeability
C. mushy area C. Flooding is more likely in an area
D. both A and B where the soil has high porosity
4620. Water turning into water vapor is called D. Flooding is more likely in an area
where the soil has high permeability
A. evaporation 4625. What direction do the currents in the

B. run-off NORTHERN HEMISPHERE flow?
C. precipitation A. Clockwise (to the right)
D. transpiration B. Counterclockwise (to the left)
4621. When do spring tides occur? 4626. Involves conserving and protecting
something valuable, such as the planet,
A. New Moon and first quarter
its ecosystems and natural resources (hu-
B. First quarter and third quarter mans must conserve resources because we
C. New moon and full moon need them for survival)
D. Full moon and third quarter A. Potability

1.1 HYDROLOGY 531
B. upwelling 4631. The water is actually traveling in

C. Stewardship but the water stays in the same place in

D. water treatment
A. currents; waves
4627. Which reservoir in the water cycle con-
tains the most water? B. waves; currents
C. tides; currents
D. currents; tides
4632. This is how fast the water moves in a

river or stream
A. stream velocity
B. stream gradient
A. Ice Caps
D. Stream capacity
B. Lakes
C. Groundwater 4633. What factors influence deep ocean cur-
D. Oceans rents
A. temperature
4628. What is Evaporation?
A. 1.Process of water movement through B. salinity
a plant from the drying up of its aerial C. density
parts
D. all of these
B. 2.Occurs on the surface of a liquid as
it changes into the gaseous phase. 4634. Amount of salt found in water
C. 3.Occurs when rain drops fall
A. Photic Zone
D. 4.All of the above
B. Gulf Stream
4629. What is the process by which a liquid
absorbs heat and changes into a gas? C. Photosynthesis
A. transpiration D. Salinity
B. evaporation
4635. Ocean currents are caused by water’s
C. condensation density differences. The density differ-
D. precipitation ences in the ocean water are due to dif-
ferent salt concentrations and differences
4630. What is the top layer of a body of wa- in
ter?
A. waves
A. Groundwater
B. Surface water B. temperature
C. Lake C. plate tectonics

D. Aquifer D. volcanic activity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 532
4636. The two properties of ocean water that 4641. Because water is a polar molecule it has
influence density are:
A. location and precipitation A. adhesion
B. salinity and speed B. cohesion
C. speed and temperature C. capillary action
D. temperature and salinity D. all of these
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4637. Which factors affect the density of 4642. Ocean currents that move toward the
ocean water, and in turn influence cur- poles are
rents?
A. warm
A. oxygen levels & salinity
B. cold
B. temperature & oxygen levels
C. warm in the N Hemisphere cold in the
C. temperature & salinity S Hemisphere
D. none of above D. cold in the N Hem. warm in the S Hem.
4638. What happens to water during evapora-
4643. What can cause a water table to rise?
tion?
A. precipitation and runoff
A. It turns to gas as it cools.
B. precipitation and infiltration
B. It turns to liquid as it cools.
C. infiltration and evaporation
C. It turns to solid as temperature de-
creases. D. evaporation and transpiration
D. It turns to gas as the temperature in-
4644. When a clouds droplets join together
creases.
and get to big to overcome gravity, they
4639. Which would greatly reduce local water fall from the cloud as
availability? A. condensation
A. Flood B. precipitation
B. Drought C. evaporation
C. Hurricane D. none of above
D. none of above
4645. What feature is being described here?
4640. wind-displaced surface waters are re- The inside bank of a meander on a river
placed by cold, nutrient-rich water that where sedimentary material is deposited
wells up from below as a result of the slower flow rate
A. downwelling A. Overhang
B. tidal change B. River cliff
C. upwelling C. Slip-off slope
D. brackish waters D. Meander

1.1 HYDROLOGY 533
4646. Label E A. The greenhouse effect is causing most

of the world’s freshwater to be trapped in
the atmosphere

B. Only a small fraction of the Earth’s wa-
ter is freshwater available for drinking
and irrigation
C. Each year, more freshwater is being
B. volcanic island trapped in icecaps located at the North
C. abyssal plain and South Poles
D. sea mount D. Global warming caused by greenhouse
gas emissions will likely cause Earth’s
4647. How is the man being heated? oceans to evaporate
4651. Over 99% of Earth’s water is found

in oceans, seas, ice, and the atmosphere.
Based on this information, which state-
ment is the most accurate?
A. Less than 1% of Earth’s water is drink-
able.
B. Earth’s freshwater supply is unlimited.
A. condensation C. The water cycle returns all usable wa-
B. convection ter to the sea.
C. conduction D. Humans are not dependent on ocean
water.
D. radiation
4652. Along a curve, which moves faster?
4648. The land area from which water runs off
into a stream is called a A. Water on the outside of the curve.
A. tributary. B. Water on the inside of the curve.
B. divide. 4653. Where is most of the Earth’s salt water
C. watershed. found?
D. gully. A. Ice caps and glaciers
B. Seas
4649. Sand is , meaning that water can
pass through easily. C. Lakes and Rivers
A. Permeable D. Ocean
B. Impermeable 4654. The job of is to filter polluted water,

C. Solid control flooding, and prevent erosion
D. Soft A. estuary
B. wetlands
4650. Approximately 75 percent of the Earth’s
surface is covered in water. So why is wa- C. watershed
ter considered such a precious resource? D. floodplains

1.1 HYDROLOGY 534
4655. Why do we need to conserve water if 4659. You notice dew on the grass in the morn-
71% of the Earth is covered by water? ing. When you come home from school it
is gone. What is the BEST explanation as
A. Only 2% is usuable
to what happened to the dew?
B. 1% is frozen and unusuable
A. The sun’s energy heated the dew and
C. Only 1% is usuable it went underground.
D. 3% is frozen and unusable B. The sun’s energy heated the dew and
it evaporated into the air, becoming water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4656. Some of the processes related to water vapor.
are precipitation, transpiration, and evap- C. The sun’s energy did not affect the dew
oration, while the meaning of precipita- and it went underground.
tion is very clear as it is a process where
water in gaseous form comes to earth D. The sun’s energy did not affect the dew
in liquid form, but most people get con- and it disappeared on its own.
fused between evaporation and transpira- 4660. What river basin are we located in?
tion. Which statement is true about tran-
A. Cape Fear
spiration and evaporation?
B. Noses
A. Only transpiration produces water va-
por C. Tar-Pamlico
B. Only transpiration begins in a plant cell D. I’m going to use it
C. Only Evaporation takes place in the wa- 4661. The movement of water INTO the
ter cycle ground is called
D. Evaporation can only take place in the

ocean
4657. Which MOST affects the ocean’s tides?

A. the rotation of Earth
B. the gravitational pull of the Moon
C. the revolution of Earth around the Sun
D. the water cycle
A. runoff
4658. What is label A
B. evaporation
C. infiltration
D. discharge
4662. Describe the level of dissolved oxygen
at Pine Creek.
A. Trench A. none
B. Mid ocean ridge B. low
C. Continental slope C. medium
D. Abyssal plain D. high

1.1 HYDROLOGY 535
4663. Stuck helping mom or dad wash the 4668. Which best describes the process of
dishes? Which may use less water? evapotranspiration in the water cycle?

A. Washing dishes under a running tap A. Water from the ocean enters the atmo-
B. Washing dishes in a fully loaded dish- sphere as water vapor.
washer B. Water on the surface of Earth enters
the groundwater supply.
4664. This type of rock allows water to flow
through it and recharge an aquifer C. Water vapor in the atmosphere re-
turns to the surface of Earth as liquid wa-
A. impermeable
ter.
B. permeable
D. Water on the surface of Earth and wa-
C. water table ter lost by plants enters the atmosphere
D. non-porous as water vapor.
4665. What is the steepest part of the conti- 4669. What factors directly lead to unhealthy
nental margin? levels of nitrates in the water? (Select all
that apply)
A. Loose Soil
B. abyssal plain
B. Fertilizer runoff
C. Animal Waste Runoff
D. mid-ocean ridge
D. Acid Rain
4666. Which is true about the amount of wa-
ter on earth? 4670. Which location would allow the least
amount of water to be absorbed into the
A. The total amount of water on earth
ground?
changes unpredictably.
B. The total amount of water on earth re-
mains the same due to the balanced pro-
cesses of the water cycle.
C. The total amount of water on earth in-
creases over time due to more evapora-
tion.
D. The total amount of water on earth de-
creases over time due to more precipita- A. a grassy terrain
tion. B. a sandy beach
4667. How does a straight alignment between C. a forest
Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the D. a mountain
tides on Earth?
A. It produces the greatest changes in 4671. Why are surface currents at the surface
tidal range of the ocean?
B. It produces neap tides A. colder temperature
C. It produces the least change in tidal B. colder temperature & more salinity
range C. warmer temperature & less salinty
D. It produces diurnal tides D. less salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 536
4672. When does the northern hemisphere ex- 4676. Water that infiltrates the soil and is
perience summer on Earth? stored in the spaces between sediment
A. When it is tilted away from the Sun. particles is referred to as
B. When it is tilted towards the Sun. A. groundwater.
C. When it is close to the Sun in its ellip- B. water that is evaporated.
tical orbit.
C. condensed water.
D. When it is lit by the Sun.
D. water as runoff.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4673. The body of an animal will likely become
fossilized if: 4677. What drives or causes surface currents?
A. gravity
B. Coriolis effect
C. global winds
D. none of above
4678. Which best describes the characteristics

A. There is little oxygen present
of a river basin?
B. It has hard parts like bones and teeth
A. the land drained by a river and its trib-
C. Is rapidly buried in sediment utaries
D. All choices are correct
B. the land formed when rivers create es-
4674. This picture shows a relatively strong, tuaries and marshes
narrow current flowing outward from the C. the land at the mouth of a river where
beach through the surf zone. What is this? water flows into the ocean
D. the land formed as a result of a river
flooding
4679. Which order correctly completes the wa-

ter cycle shown below?
A. High Tide
B. Low Tide
C. Longshore Drift
D. Rip Current
4675. Which would least likely be a water cy-
cle function of a watershed?
A. precipitation, evaporation, absorption
A. collects rainfall water
B. discharges water as runoff B. evaporation, absorption, precipitation
C. provides a habitat for many organisms C. evaporation, precipitation, absorption

D. refreshes aquifers D. precipitation, absorption, evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 537
4680. In which layer of the atmosphere is the 4684. What causes waves in the ocean?
ozone located? A. The gravitational pull of the moon

A. Troposphere B. The wind
B. Stratosphere C. The gravitational pull of the sun
C. Mesosphere D. Currents
D. Thermosphere
4685. What is renewable energy?
4681. A river which flows into another river is A. Energy that comes from resources
called a: such as fossil fuels.
B. Energy that comes from resources that
humans have to replenish over time.
C. Energy that comes from resources
which are naturally replenished on a hu-
man timescale.
D. Energy that comes from resources that
are available in nature.
A. Confluence
4686. What is the formula for density?
B. Tributary
A. density = mass x volume
C. Watershed
B. density = mass / volume
D. Drainage Basin
C. density = mass + volume
4682. A rural (out in the country), forested D. density = mass-volume
area receives a lot of rain in a short
amount of time. What would most likely 4687. How will the presence of power plants
cause potential flooding in the area? burning fossil fuels most likely affect the
A. If the area has a large dried out water cycle?
aquifer beneath it. A. sulfur and nitrogen emissions dissolve
B. If the water level in the area is below in rainwater to form acid rain
the Zone of Saturation. B. runoff containing emissions causes
C. If the ground of the area is already sat- very large algal blooms in ponds
urated with water. C. emissions cause the pH of water to
D. If the ground of the area is mostly change from 5.1 to 8.3
sandy soil. D. it will decrease the accumulation of
water in the ocean
4683. The horizontal distance between the
crests (top) of waves 4688. What do we call water in its gas state?
A. Wave Height A. rain
B. Wave Length B. snow
C. Wave Frequency C. ice
D. Tide D. water vapor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 538
4689. If its in the Northern hemisphere, 4694. Which environmental risk is not associ-
then its fall in the Southern hemisphere. ased with the disposal of used motor oil at
A. spring from cars?
B. summer A. it is insoluble and difficult to clean up

C. fall B. it dissolves in water and causes acid
rain
D. winter
C. it enteres storm drains and contami-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4690. Which of the following is an example of nates surface water
non-point source pollution of fresh water?
D. it leaks onto the ground and contami-
(EEn 2.4.2)
nates soil and ground water
A. Sewage from a sewage treatment
plant 4695. Water evaporates from the surface of
B. Cholera in a town’s water supply from the earth, rises and cools, condenses into
a local hospital rain or snow, and falls again to the surface
in many forms of
C. Oil and chemical runoff from several
urban streets
D. Factory waste piped into a stream
4691. Mechanical weathering breaks down ex-

isting rocks by
A. Changing them chemically, but not
physically.
B. Changing them physically, but not
chemically. A. precipitation
C. Changing them chemically and physi- B. evaporation
cally.
C. condensation
D. Incorporating them into new rocks.
D. transpiration
4692. Which human activity directly affects
the quality of freshwater resources? 4696. What is happening at arrow #1?
A. depleting the ozone
B. burning gasoline in car engines
C. throwing trash out of car windows
D. allowing runoff from agricultural fields
4693. What do we call the daily change in sea

level?
A. Waves A. evaporation
B. Breakers B. condensation
C. Tides C. transpiration
D. Swell D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 539
4697. Which best defines the water cycle? B. Erosion

A. Natural process that circulates oxygen C. Deposition

on Earth D. none of above
B. Man-made process that circulates hy-
drogen on Earth 4701. Movement of water in any state of the
atmosphere
C. Natural process that circulates water
on Earth A. Advection
D. Man-made process that circulates wa- B. Sublimation

ter on Earth C. Transpiration
4698. what source of energy evaporates the D. Evaporation

most water from earth’s surface? 4702. Any form of water falling to the ground.
A. volcanoes A. Precipitation
B. lightning B. Condensation
C. wind C. Runoff
D. sun D. Sublimation
4699. What causes tides? 4703. The United States has more than one
A. The gravitational pull and interaction continental division.
of the Earth, Moon, and Sun A. TRUE
B. Strong winds that blow over ocean wa- B. FALSE The
ters for a long periods of time
4704. Where is the majority of Earth’s fresh-
C. The shifting of the Earth’s plates on the
water found?
ocean floor
A. groundwater
D. none of above
B. oceans
4700. Water getting into cracks, freezing, and
C. ice caps and glaciers
breaking the rocks or pavement apart
D. rivers
4705. water vapor condenses into
A. evaporation
B. sublimation
C. condensation
D. infiltration
4706. The water cycle is also called the cy-
cle.
A. hydrologic
B. runoff
C. transpiration
A. Weathering D. water table

1.1 HYDROLOGY 540
4707. The students in 6th grade are testing A. Abyssal Plain

water at different temperatures to mea- B. Continental Slope
sure density. One group gets cold fresh
water, one group gets warm fresh water, C. Volcanic Island
one group gets cold saltwater and the last D. Seamount
group gets warm saltwater. Based on the
properties known about freshwater ver- 4712. Transpiration is the draining of water
sus saltwater, which group will have the from the surface of the land into streams,
water with the most density? rivers, lakes and oceans.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. True
A. Cold freshwater
B. False
B. Warm freshwater
C. Cold saltwater 4713. Continental air masses are
D. Warm saltwater A. cold air masses.
B. dry air masses
4708. The large, circular surface-current pat-
tern found in each ocean. C. humid air masses.
A. California Current D. warm air masses.
B. Surface Current 4714. A is formed when oceanic crustal
C. Gyre plate slides under a lighter continental
plate or another oceanic plate.
D. Global Conveyor Belt
A. abyssal plain
4709. What is a river that flows into another B. coastal plain
river?
C. beach
A. reservoir
D. deep ocean trench
B. watershed
4715. The amount of fresh water in the world
C. tributary
that can be directly used by humans is
D. stream
A. 70%
4710. The probable maximum depth of precip- B. 10%
itation over a catchment is given by the C. 0.0002%
relation PMP =?
D. 0.5%
A. P + KAn
B. P + K σ 4716. What influences the energy within a
moving body of water? KE = 1/2mv2
C. P exp (−KAn )
D. mP

floor feature matches letter B?
A. How much water is moving in the chan-

nel

1.1 HYDROLOGY 541
B. The amount (mass) and the rate (veloc- C. volume

ity) in which the water is moving D. weight

C. The size of the channel of the stream
4721. The two block diagrams below repre-
D. The temperature of the water moving
sent the formation of caves. Which types
in the channel
of weathering and erosion are primarily re-
4717. Saltwater intrusion can occur in aquifers sponsible for the formation of caves?
near coastlines, when fresh groundwater
in the aquifer is displaced by salt water.
Coastline aquifers become more vulnera-
ble to saltwater intrusion when freshwa-
ter recharge rates are low or withdrawal
rates are high. An aquifer in which of the
A. chemical weathering and groundwater
following areas would be most affected by
flow
saltwater intrusion?
A. a small coastal town experiencing a B. chemical weathering and runoff
rainy summer C. physical weathering and groundwater
B. a coastal agricultural area using peri- flow
odic irrigation D. physical weathering and runoff
C. a large inland region of growing cities
and farms
section represent?
D. a growing coastal city undergoing a
drought

A. rain
B. temperature
C. the Sun
D. rotation
A. Zone of Aeration
4719. How does agriculture impact streams
and lakes? B. Zone of Saturation
A. Increases level of nutrients C. Water Table
B. Decreases level of nutrients D. Impermeable Bedrock
C. Decreases erosion 4723. Changes to the level of the ocean’s wa-

D. Increases biodiversity ter that happen twice a day and are caused
by the gravity of the moon and sun are
4720. Which physical property is determined
A. Tides
by the salinity and temperature of ocean
water? B. Surface Currents
A. density C. Deep Currents
B. mass D. Coriolis Effect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 542
4724. extensions of sand and sediment that B. You may obtain groundwater by
go beyond an island or land mass. They drilling into the aquifer or below the water
form a hooked end that curve in the direc- table.
tion of water flow C. You may obtain groundwater by
drilling into the unsaturated zone.
D. You may obtain groundwater by
drilling into the impermeable zone.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4727. Why is drinking water from bodies of
water on the surface of the ground some-
times dangerous?
A. Surface water doesn’t contain fluoride
A. Sandbar for your teeth.
B. Splits B. Surface water is rationed and you
C. Barrier Islands aren’t allowed to use it.
D. Seawall C. Surface water often contains
pathogens.
E. Breakwaters
D. Surface water is too warm or cold and
4725. Turbidity measurements were taken at will shock your system.
different distances from the shore of a
lake. Which best explains why the turbid- 4728. Estuaries are known as the of the
ity increases as water samples are taken sea.
closer to the shore? A. nurseries
B. shopping malls
C. grocery store
D. garden
4729. There are many methods of increasing

the supply of fresh water to coastal cities.
Which method takes the MOST energy?
A. Sediment is carried from the middle of
the lake to the shore by wind. A. drilling deep wells
B. Shoreline erosion causes sediment to B. desalination

wash into the lake. C. conservation
C. Swimmers stir up sediment by splash- D. building pipelines
ing in the water near the shore.
4730. How does a straight alignment between
D. Fish stir up sediment while feeding on
Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the
plants that grow close to the shore.
tides on Earth?
4726. How can people obtain groundwater? A. It produces the greatest changes in
A. You may obtain groundwater by drilling tidal range
above the water table/ aquifer. B. It produces neap tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 543
C. It produces the least change in tidal D. It can decrease the amount of damage
range to crops
D. It produces diurnal tides Explanation:A long-term decrease in pre-

cipitation can affect an area by reducing
4731. Use the diagram answer the ques- the amount of infiltration, which in turn
tion.What is a fitting description for this decreases groundwater levels. This is be-
diagram? cause less rainfall means less water is
available to seep into the ground and re-
plenish underground aquifers. The other
options, such as increased flooding or in-
creased precipitation, are not consistent
with a decrease in precipitation.
4735. Which best explains why water may be

A. A Food Chain treated differently in different communi-
ties?
B. An Ecosystem
C. A Food Web A. some communities avoid using ground-
water
D. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
B. groundwater requires more expensive
4732. Which of the following is MOST true treatments
about saltwater?
C. environmental factors vary between
A. It is less dense than freshwater.
communities
B. It is more dense than freshwater.
D. because the communities make a vote
C. It has the same density as freshwater.
D. It has no density. 4736. Where is groundwater located under the
surface?
4733. Water gathering in rivers, lakes,
streams, oceans and other bodies of water A. in pores within soil and rock
is known as
B. within rocks
A. condensation
C. inside living organisms that live in the
B. collection
ground
C. evaporation
D. below the aquifer
D. precipitation
4734. How could a long term decrease in pre- 4737. When a stream or river starts to slow
cipitation affect an area? down, it:
A. It can lead to increased flooding and A. Picks up more sediment
water damage.
B. Erodes more rapidly
B. It can cause an increase in precipita-
tion and rainfall. C. Deposits fine sediments, but continues
carrying larger rocks
C. It could decrease the amount of in-
filtration to an area, that will decrease D. Deposits larger rocks, but continues
groundwater carrying finer sediment

1.1 HYDROLOGY 544
4738. Droplets of water forming on a glass of A. Evaporation

sweet tea is an example of B. Condensation
A. accumulation C. Precipitation
B. condensation D. Runoff
C. evaporation
4743. Which soil would have the greatest per-
D. precipitation meability rate after a rainstorm?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4739. Number 4 represents:
A. Amplitude of a wave
A. sand
B. Wavelength of a wave
B. silt
C. Crest of a wave
C. clay
D. Trough of a wave
D. all soils would have equal rates of per-
4740. Because water has a positive and a meability
negative end, and is attracted to other
molecules it is called a molecule. 4744. A landscape underlain by limestone
which has been eroded by dissolution,
A. mickey mouse producing springs, sinkholes, caves and
B. polar (tiny magnet) aquifers.
C. special A. landform
D. miracle B. karst
4741. Which is the best way to conserve C. Topography
worldwide freshwater resources? D. Aquifer
A. increase the amount of land used to
4745. Which of the following form the pattern
raise cattle
of surface currents on Earth?
B. use more efficient irrigation tech-
niques
B. the Sun’s gravitational pull and Earth’s
4742. What process happens at A? rotation
C. global winds and the Coriolis effect
D. the Moon’s gravitational pull and
Earth’s tilt on its axis
4746. The ocean reflects the sky.

A. True
B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 545
4747. Contains deep narrow valleys and steep 4750. Which best explains why runoff is im-
rugged mountain sides through sedimen- portant?
tary rocks.Contains sandstone as old as

320 million years oldCoal beds can be
found here
A. It returns water to other locations on

A. Blue Ridge Earth
B. Piedmont B. It increases the chance of flooding
C. Appalachian plateau C. It makes evaporation occur faster
D. Valley and Ridge D. It increases condensation
4751. How are deep currents different than

4748. As you go from the continental shelf to
surface currents?
the abyssal plain, the water temperature
gets A. deep currents are colder and less
dense
A. warmer
B. deep currents are warmer and less
B. colder
dense
4749. Choose the correct option C. deep currents are warmer and denser
D. deep currents are colder and denser
4752. Study the graph below. Where is most

of the Earth’s water located?
A. He is correct because 97% of the wa-

ter on Earth is immediately available to
drink.
B. He is correct because 2% of the water
on Earth is immediately available to drink A. Rivers and Lakes
B. Glaciers and Icecaps
C. He is incorrect because only 1% of the C. oceans
water on Earth is immediately available to D. groundwater
drink.
D. He is incorrect because only 2% of the 4753. The property of water causing it to stick
water on Earth is immediately available to to itself.
drink. A. Cohesion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 546
B. Adhesion 4759. Water is one of the few substances that

can be found in all three states within the
C. Nalencion
earth’s climatic range.
D. Polarity
A. True
4754. Where is most of the freshwater found B. False
on Earth?
C. Cannot be determined
A. lakes
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. glaciers
4760. What percentage of the world’s water
C. oceans
is found in the Oceans?
D. rivers
A. 25%
4755. What process is occurring at #2? B. 50%
A. Condensation C. 75%
B. Evaporation D. 97%
C. Precipitation E. 99%
D. Infiltration
4761. In the picture of the ocean floor, what
landform is marked by letter A?
4756. Which of the following has the lowest
amount of risk of flooding?
A. Near water
B. In low-lying areas
C. In elevated terrain
D. Downstream from a dam
4757. High land area that separates one wa- A. Ocean basin
tershed from another is known as a B. Ocean Trench
A. river basin C. Continental shelf
B. wetland D. Continental slope
C. divide
4762. When the Earth, Moon, and Sun are
D. watershed aligned tides will be at their level.
4758. What percentage of Earth’s water is not A. lowest

safe to use as drinking water? B. highest
A. 3% C. coldest
B. 68.7% D. warmest
C. 87%
4763. Material that water cannot pass
D. 97% through.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 547
4767. Which area of deep ocean research pro-

vides the most economic benefit?

A. hydropower
B. new habitats
C. oil resources
D. sea-floor spreading
A. Permeable 4768. Which will most likely result if there is
B. Impermeable increased upwelling in a coastal area?
4764. What does the Coriolis Effect cause
ocean currents to do? B. less nutrients in the water
A. It causes upwellings C. higher water temperatures
B. It brings warm water to the deep D. fewer nitrates

ocean 4769. Which is one way surface water may be-
C. It causes ocean current paths to curve come groundwater?
D. It helps water polarity levels A. condensation
B. evaporation
4765. Where does the intial source of energy
come from that creates winds and thus sur- C. infiltration
face currents? D. runoff
A. The moon
4770. The star is in which location?
B. The sun
C. The wind
D. The rotation of the Earth
4766. Which has the highestretention?
A. Pacific Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Indian Ocean
A. Sample A-because it has largest pore 4771. What is the equation for porosity?
space A. total volume of empty space divided by
B. Sample B-because it has uniform sedi- total soil volume
ment sizes B. total volume of soil divided by total vol-
C. Sample C-because it has uniform sedi- ume of empty space
ment sizes C. porosity is equal to velocity
D. Sample D-because it has smallest pore D. total volume of soil minus total volume
spaces of empty space

1.1 HYDROLOGY 548
4772. Which force is primarily responsible for

ocean tides?
A. electrical force
B. frictional force
C. gravitational force
A. Atlantic
D. magnetic force
B. Indian
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4773. Which of the following causes tides? C. Pacific
A. the Earth’s rotation D. Southern
B. the gravitational pull of the sun and the 4778. Does not contain any saltwater and can
moon be rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, and wet-
lands
C. the gravitational pull of the Earth
A. collection
D. Strong winds and changes in density
B. freshwater
4774. Which is eustatic change? C. groundwater
A. Altering the amount of water in an D. convection
ocean
4779. is the study of water in the at-
B. Changing the size of the ocean mosphere, on Earth’s surface, and under-
C. Pulling water towards the Moon ground.
D. Strong winds pushing water out of the A. meteorology
ocean B. geology
C. biology
4775. Long, narrow topographic depressions
of the ocean floor. D. hydrology
A. continental shelf 4780. What causes the tides?
B. volcanic island A. waves
C. trench B. The gravitational pull of the moon and
sun.
D. continental wedge
C. the earth
4776. Salinity means (EEn 2.3.1) D. the length of the waves
A. Density of a body fo water 4781. Which of the following describes tides?
B. dissolved salt content in a body of wa- A. the daily rise and fall of the ocean lev-
ter els cause by gravitational pull of the moon
C. organisms present per unit area of a and sun on earth
body of water B. the movement of energy through wa-
ter
D. all of the above
4777. Which ocean is located at Number 1? through a larger body of water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 549
D. the ongoing cycle of water from the 4786. the nature of something’s ingredients or
land to the atmosphere back to the constituents; the way in which a whole or
ocean/land mixture is made up.

4782. An ocean current moving from the equa- A. composition
tor toward a pole is B. condensation
A. cold C. accumulation
B. warm D. evaporation
C. cold in the Northern Hemisphere and
4787. Which temporary effect does the melt-
warm in th southern hemisphere
ing of a glacial iceberg have on ocean wa-
D. warm in the Northern Hemisphere and ter in the immediate area of the iceberg?
cold in the Northern Hemisphere
A. The melting ice lowers the freezing
4783. What percentage of the water on Earth point of the ocean water
is fresh water? B. The melting ice reduces the salinity of
the ocean water
C. The melting ice releases the carbon
dioxide stored in ocean water.
D. The melting ice increases the acidity of
the ocean water.
4788. Which answer choice correctly list the

bodies of water in order from smallest to
A. 97% largest?
B. 3% A. Water vapor, groundwater, salt water
C. 1% B. groundwater, salt water, ice
D. 2% C. salt water, lakes, water vapor

D. salt water, ice, groundwater
4784. When a tsunami hits the shore, it can be
very destructive because of its large 4789. Which of the following statements is
A. wave height. TRUE?
B. frequency.
C. sandbar.
D. trough.
4785. Which process in the water cycle brings

water back into the atmosphere?
A. precipitation
A. Most of the water available on Earth is
B. condensation drinkable.
C. evaporation B. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
D. runoff found in oceans.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 550
C. Most of the water available on Earth is 4793. What phase of the water cycle is letter
not drinkable. F?
groundwater.
4790. Water with salt in it. It often means the

water from the seas and oceans
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. groundwater
B. run off
C. condensation
D. evaporation
A. Saltwater
4794. Which statement best describes the
B. Freshwater mouth of a river?
C. Adhesion A. It is where a river splits off from an-
D. Cohesion other river.
B. It is where a river empties into a lake
4791. A sample from an unknown location is or ocean.
found to have a salinity of 34 ppt (parts
per thousand). What is the most likely lo- C. It is where a river begins from a spring
cation of this sample? or lake.
D. It is where a river meets up with other
rivers.
4795. A substance that dissolves many other

substances.
A. solute
B. saltwater
A. Freshwater C. adhesion
B. Ocean Water D. universal solvent
C. Black Sea 4796. What are ocean tides?
D. Brackish/Estuary
4792. The streams and smaller rivers that feed

into a main river are its
A. watersheds
B. tributaries
C. divides A. Long waves due to the gravitational
D. reservoirs pull of the moon only.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 551
B. Long period waves caused by wind. C. Lower course

C. Short period waves caused by wind. D. The mouth

D. Long waves due to the gravitational 4801. An aquifer stores
pullbetween the Earth, sun and the moon
A. Surface Water
4797. The person standing on this diagram of B. Groundwater
earth is experiencing which kind of tide?
C. Oil
D. Natural Gas
4802. As the time from the beginning of storm

increases, what happens to the infiltration
capacity into soil based on the Horton’s
Equation?
A. High Tide
B. Low Tide
4798. According to the Coriolis Effect, the wa-

ters of the Northern Hemisphere rotate
A. decreases
A. Clockwise
B. increases
B. Counterclockwise
C. remains the same
C. Top-to-bottom
D. cannot be determined
D. Bottom-to-tom
4803. Look at the picture. What process is
4799. When our weather journal says that the
happening in W?
air pressure is HIGH, what kind of day will
it be outside?
A. Ice and snow
B. Clear and sunny
C. Rainy and dark
D. Very cloudy
4800. Looking at the long profile of the river’s A. evaporation

course, where does most erosion occur?
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. run-off
4804. Some ponds are designed to increase

the amount of water seeping into the
ground. These types of ponds will fail to
A. Upper course work properly in-
B. Middle course A. locations with shallow wells

1.1 HYDROLOGY 552
B. areas with deep surface sands 4810. What can you infer from the fact that
C. soils with low permeability there is the same amount of water on the
planet now as there was one billion years
D. rocks with high porosity ago?
4805. What forms in the subduction zone of a A. The total amount of water on earth
convergent boundary? changes gradually over time.
A. mid-ocean ridge B. There will probably be the same
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. seamount amount of water on the planet a billion
years from now.
C. There have been many fluctuations in
D. ocean trench
the water cycle over the last billion years.
4806. Water pollution that is caused by widely D. There will be much less water on earth
dispersed sources of pollutants. one billion years from now.
A. Nonpoint source pollution
4811. A[n] tide occurs when the sun is at
B. Point source pollution
right angles to the line between Earth and
4807. Where the water moves downwards the moon.
through the soil A. high
A. Percolation B. neap
B. Surface Runoff
C. low
C. Through Flow
D. spring
D. Groundwater Flow
4812. Water vapor converts from a liquid to a
4808. Type of marine ecosystem that is con-
gas during which step of the water cycle?
trolled by movement of tides and contains
a diverse array of well-adapted oragan- A. condensation
isms due to the changing nature of the
ecosystem. B. precipitation of
A. aquifer C. Evaporation of
B. shore D. none of above
C. open ocean
4813. Which of the following is correct when
D. deep ocean convection occurs in the atmosphere?
4809. Water is polar. What does that mean? A. Cool air rises and warm air sinks.
A. it is a molecule with opposite charges B. Cool air sinks and warm air rises.
on opposite ends
C. Cool and warm air sink.
B. it is a molecule with no charge
D. Cool and warm air rise.
C. it is a molecule with identical charges
on opposite ends 4814. Which province is known for its karst
D. it is a molecule with too many protons topography?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 553
A. Letters B and D indicate high tides,


B. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
the oceans.
C. Letters C and D indicate high tides,
A. Piedmont cause of the gravitational pull between
B. Coastal Plain the Earth and the moon
C. Valley Ridge D. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
D. Blue Ridge where the tidal bulges would occur be-
cause of the gravitational pull of the
4815. The drilling for freshwater increases moon.
along coastal areas. What is a likely con-
sequence of this action? 4818. Waste that harms the land, water, or
air is called
A. An intrusion of salt water into aquifers
A. Reuse
ies B. Recycle
C. The destruction of estruaries because C. low
of an increase in sea levels D. Pollution
D. a decrease in salt concentration in in-
4819. Its raining so hard a leak forms in the
let waterways
ceiling.
4816. What forms when condensation occurs A. Evaporation
high in the atmosphere?
B. Condensation
A. clouds
C. Precipitation
B. fog
D. Transpiration
C. dew
D. mist 4820. Spots on the ocean floor where hot
gases and minerals escape from earth’s in-
4817. High and low tides occur twice daily at terior into the water
regular intervals.Using the diagram, which A. Hydrothermal vents
of the following letters indicates where
high tide is occurring and best explains B. Watershed
why? C. Heat of vaporization
D. Infiltration
E. Salinity
4821. Water vapor that evaporated from the

ocean and is now in the atmosphere is
water.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 554
A. fresh B. Dew Point

B. salt C. Evaporation
D. Hail
4822. What ocean is represented by letter C?
4826. A large natural or artificial lake used as
a source of water supply. forms where
dams are built.
A. divide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. canyon
C. dam
D. reservoir
A. Southern
4827. When water cycles back to Earth, some
B. Indian of it is lost as surface runoff. However,
C. Atlantic a large portion of the water that reaches
D. Arctic Earth’s surface seeps into the ground. This
water is called ?
4823. Which of the following is a correct rea- A. surface water
son why we should conserve fresh water?
B. groundwater
(Hint:there may be more than one correct
answer) C. runoff
D. precipitation
4828. At which latitudes are the highest sur-
face salinities located? See graph the At-
lantic or the Pacific
A. As the world’s population is increasing

so is our need for clean drinking water
B. We need more water for home con-
sumption than agricultural purposes
A. About 20o N and S latitude
4824. When a warm air mass catches up to a
B. About 30o N and S latitude
cool air mass, a is formed.
A. Cold Front 4829. Water striders can walk across the sur-
face of calm water. Their feet push the sur-
B. Stationary Front face of the water down slightly, but they
C. Warm Front do not break the surface. Why?
D. Occluded Front
4825. What is the temperature at which air is

saturated and condensation forms?
A. Relative Humidity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 555
A. The insects are light enough so they do 4833. The temperature at which saturation of
not break the surface tension the air with moisture occurs is called

B. The insects actually use their wings to A. Boiling Point
hover slightly above the water’s surface B. Freezing Point
and they only skim it with their feet.
C. Dew Point
C. The insect’s feet are hydrophobic, so
they are repelled by the water molecules D. Calibration Point
and are pushed away from the water’s 4834. Surface currents are driven mainly by
surface. the wind.
D. The insects are small enough to see A. True
the individual water molecules, so they
are able to step carefully from one B. False
molecule to the next
4835. The amount of matter in a given volume.
4830. This feature is formed when the roof of A. Density
an underground cavern collapses. B. Surface Tension
A. stalagmites C. Heat of Vaporization
B. sink hole D. Specific Heat
C. stalactites
4836. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
D. pillar A. Wind
4831. Which label identifies the process of in- B. Coal
filtration? C. Solar
A. water table D. Biomass
B. bank page 4837. In the diagram, where would be the
C. stream channel best place to build a wind energy station?
D. ground water
4832. What does letter W represent?
A. Abyssal Plain A. Location A

B. Seamount B. Location B
C. Continental Slope C. Location C
D. Continental Shelf D. Location D

1.1 HYDROLOGY 556
4838. What variable is the same between all 4843. The total amount of dissolved salt in the
three containers? ocean is called
A. Topography
B. Sanity
C. Salinity
D. Coriolis Effect
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Porosity 4844. A river basin consists of many
B. Permeability A. Watersheds
C. Capillarity B. Rivers
D. Infiltration Rate C. Deltas

D. Oceans
4839. Which side of a mountain range is closer
to the ocean? 4845. Which of the following combines with
A. leeward Earth’s rotation to create ocean tides?
A. The moon’s electromagnetic attraction
B. windward
to water
C. rainshadow
B. The moon’s electromagnetic attraction
D. eastside to water
4840. Weeds growing into the cracks in a side- C. The sun and the moon’s gravitational
walk and the sidewalk begins to crumble pull on water
is an example of: D. The north and south pole’s gravita-
A. mechanical weathering tional pull on the water
B. chemical weathering 4846. The following diagram represents the

water cycle. What process does Point 2
4841. A puddle of water is an example of represent?
A. accumulation A. Evaporation
B. condensation B. Precipitation
C. evaporation C. Runoff
D. precipitation D. Transpiration
4842. What is the type of water that moves 4847. The standard recording rain gauge
underground? adopted in India is of
A. surface water A. Weighing Bucket Type
B. water table B. Natural Siphon Type
C. groundwater C. Tipping Bucket Type
D. watershed D. Telemetry Type

1.1 HYDROLOGY 557
4848. Which of the following can cause an in- C. infiltrates.

crease in the density of ocean water? D. precipitates.

A. a decrease in temperature
4853. Which law started the removal of met-
B. an increase in salinity als from waste water and protects surface
C. a decrease in ocean circulation water things like fishing?
D. two of these A. Clean Water Act
B. Water Quality Act
4849. A student claims that a large percentage
of water on Earth is immediately available C. Safe Drinking Water Act
to drink. Is he correct? Why or why not? D. Cercla
A. He is correct because 2% of the water
4854. Rain is an example of
on Earth is immediately available to drink.
A. evaporation
B. He is correct because 97% of the wa-
ter on Earth is immediately available to B. condensation
drink. C. precipitation
C. He is incorrect because only 1% of the D. none of above
water on Earth is immediately available to
drink. 4855. What are the two factors that affect the
rate at which weathering occurs?
D. He is incorrect because only 2% of the
drink.

along a coastal area. What is a likely con-
sequence for this action?
A. The loss of water resources in estuar-
ies.
A. climate and mass of rock
B. An intrusion of saltwater into aquifers
B. climate and size of rock
4851. What can you do to help protect ground-
C. type of rock and size of rock
water?
D. type of rock and climate
A. Recycle used waste oil.
B. Don’t use more lawn chemicals than 4856. What is the largest use of freshwater in
necessary. the United States?
C. Dispose of hazardous and household A. irrigation
chemicals properly. B. infiltration
D. All of the above. C. cooking and bathing
4852. When the sun heats up the surface of a D. drinking
puddle of water, the water 4857. Which of the following can increase the
A. condenses. salinity of ocean water?
B. evaporates. A. Evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 558
B. Precipitation 4863. Oxygen found in a body of water; mea-

C. The mouth of a river surements may be used to indicate the de-
gree of health of the water and its capa-
D. melting ice bility of sustaining an ecosystem.
4858. How much of Earth’s water is FRESH? A. Dissolved Oxygen
A. 70% B. Salinity
B. 30% C. Turbidity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 97% D. Potability
D. 3% 4864. The blue graph shows the salinity of the
ocean water at various depths at that lo-
4859. The cycling of water in and out of the cation. Bases on the salinity graph, which
(lowest layer of the atmosphere) is a labeled area of the diagram would have
significant aspect of the weather patterns the highest salinity and why?
on Earth.
A. ozone layer
B. mountains
C. troposphere
D. toilet
4860. The amount of land on Earth

A. is the same proportion as the amount
A. letter E on diagram because the graph
of water on Earth
shows when you get deeper, the salinity
B. covers less than half of Earth’s surface gets greater.
C. covers more than half of Earth’s sur- B. letter B on diagram because the salin-
face ity graph shows that between 500 and
D. covers most of Earth’s surface 1, 000 meters in the ocean that’s where
salinity is the greatest.
4861. Where does the city of Porterville get C. letter C on diagram because that’s an
its water? island and the graph shows that islands
A. The Tule River (Surface Water) have the least salinity.
B. The Friant-Kern Canal D. letter A on the diagram because this
area is the closest to the surface (be-
C. Groundwater
tween 0 and 500 meters) where evapora-
D. Lake Success tion takes place therefore, it has the high-
est salinity.
4862. the movement of water between theo-
ceans, atmosphere, and the solid Earth. 4865. Which is NOT a factor of wave size?
A. Condensation A. Length of time the wind blows
B. Precipitation B. Temperature of the wind
C. Evaporation C. Distance the wind blows
D. Water cycle D. Speed of the wind

1.1 HYDROLOGY 559
4866. As you descend from the place to C. sun

the ocean floor the temperature(increases D. watershed
or decreases)Pressure (increases or de-

creases) 4872. Which one is not the four important pro-
A. Temp decreases, pressure increases cess of Hydological cycle?
A. Precipitation
B. temp Increases, pressure increases
B. Evaporation & Transpiration
C. Temp increases, pressure decreases
C. Groundwater Flow
D. Temp decreases, pressure decreases
D. Percolation
4867. A is all of the land area whose wa-
ter drains into a stream system. 4873. What symbolizes abyssal plain?
A. River
B. Watershed
C. Ocean
D. River basin A. 1
4868. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater lo- B. 3
cated? C. 6
A. glaciers and icebergs D. 7
B. rivers 4874. Where is most of the freshwater on
C. ponds Earth located?
D. lakes A. The ocean
4869. The the grain size, the faster the wa- B. In glaciers and ice caps
ter will move through the soil. C. In rivers and streams
A. more mixed D. In aquifer
B. smaller 4875. what term do we use for ground wa-
C. larger ter which is trapped under an impermeable
layer and is subject to pressure.
D. none of above
A. an unconfined aquifer
4870. Waves on the surface of the ocean are B. a confined aquifer
mostly caused by
C. an artesian aquifer
A. moon.
D. a groundwater aquifer
B. wind.
4876. What are wetlands?
C. the Coriolis Effect.
A. Lands with high erosion rates
D. earthquakes.
B. Dry lands with no water sources
4871. huge sheet of ice that moves on land C. Water-saturated lands where aquatic
A. water cycle plants and animals live
B. glacier D. Lands with excessive pollution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 560
4877. huge, slow moving sheets of ice 4882. How does temperature affect density?
A. glaciers A. hot water is less dense and will rise
B. high tide B. cold water is less dense and will rise
C. amplitude C. temperature does not affect density
D. geysers D. hot water is more dense and will sink
4878. What is the most common source of con- 4883. Which satellite showed the clearest im-
tamination of freshwater resources? age of the universe?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. runoff A. COBE
B. excavation wells B. WMAP
4879. What is the process in which water runs C. Journey
downhill to join other bodies of water? D. Apollo
A. Surface runoff 4884. Deep-ocean currents are driven by
B. subsurface runoff A. differences in soil
C. infiltration B. differences in the water’s density
D. accumulation (temperature and salinity)
4880. What two compounds in a waterway in C. differences in nutrients
excessive amounts can lead to eutrophica- D. None of the Above
tion?
4885. When water vapor (gas) changes to a
A. nitrogen liquid
B. oxygen
A. evaporation
C. carbon
B. condensation
D. phosphorus
C. precipitation
E. sulfur
D. infiltration
4881. The empty spaces in a material are
4886. A wide, sloping deposit of sediment
called pores. Porosity is the amount of
formed where a stream leaves a mountain
empty space within a material. Perme-
range.
ability describes how well the pores in a
material are connected. Which of these
materials would make the MOST effective
aquifer?
A. a material that has high porosity and
high permeability
B. a material that has high porosity and
low permeability
A. flood plain
C. a material that has low porosity and
high permeability B. delta
D. a material that has low porosity and C. alluvial fan
low permeability D. gully

1.1 HYDROLOGY 561
4887. Desalination is C. Condensation

A. A cost effective way to create potable D. Runoff

(safe) drinking water.
B. NOT a cost effective way to create 4893. Jon is boiling a pot of water on the
potable (safe) drinking water. stove. The stove adds energy to the wa-
ter until it becomes , the gaseous form
C. A process in which salt is added to wa- of water.
ter.
A. water vapor
D. A process in which seawater is turned
into ice B. ice
4888. The land area that supplies water to a C. snow

river system is called a D. carbon dioxide
A. water table
4894. A is a smaller stream/river that con-
B. watershed tributes to the main river a drainage basin.
C. water zone A. Tributary
D. water system
B. Mouth
4889. The process by which water on the C. Watershed
ground surface enters the soil
D. Source
A. precipitation
B. evaporation 4895. The amount of water in the world
C. transpiration A. Quantity and quality are reduced
D. infiltration B. Fixed quantity
4890. What type of winds blow constantly, C. Quality increases
predictably, and over long distances? D. Quantity reduced
A. land breezes
4896. What river feature does this image
B. mountain breezes
show?
C. global winds
D. land breezes
4891. Which step of the water cycle returns

water to the atmosphere?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration A. Meander
4892. “lots of water just chillin’ in one place” B. Oxbow Lake
A. Collection/Accumulation C. Tributary
B. Evaporation D. Headwaters

1.1 HYDROLOGY 562
4897. The measure of incoming and outgoing C. sublimation

water in a community is called
D. transpiration
A. the water budget
B. the water cycle 4901. Which characteristic of water quality
provides the most information regarding
C. the water table
the health of a water system? A clarity B
D. the water system temperature C concentration of heavy met-
als D presence of indicator species
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4898. Watershed
A. The point where the river meets the A. clarity
sea B. temperature
B. The meeting point of two rivers C. concentration of heavy metals
C. A smaller river meeting the main chan-
D. presence of indicator species
nel
D. The edge of the drainage basin 4902. What is a tributary?
4899. What collects in cracks and spaces in the
rocks and sediments beneath Earth’s sur-
face?
A. a small stream that flows into a larger

stream
B. all the lakes in an area
A. runoff
C. a map of the hills and valleys in an area
B. surface water
D. a measurement of the amount of salt
C. ground water
in water
D. water vapor
4903. is what causes a wave and a surface
4900. What is it called when plants give off
current.
water vapor as a waste product?
A. tide
B. wind
C. wave
D. current
4904. Which tides are stronger?
A. condensation A. spring tides

B. evaporation B. neap tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 563
4905. What’s the difference between comets A. tributary

and asteroids?
B. watershed

A. Asteroids are made of metal and rock,
while Comets are ice and rock C. intermittent
B. Asteroids are made of ice and rock, D. creek
while Comets are made of metals and rock
4909. What has to happen in order for water
C. There is no difference
vapor to become a liquid?
D. Asteroids are made of stardust, while
Comets are made up of water A. It has to gain enough energy to evapo-
rate.
4906. Rainfall is also known as
B. It has to gain enough energy to con-
A. Precipitation dense.
B. Condensation C. It has to lose enough energy to con-
C. Infiltration dense.
D. Frozen D. It has to lose enough energy to precip-
4907. Which will most likely happen to a bi- itate.
ological indicator species (bioindicator) if
there is a sudden increase in pollution? 4910. What source of energy evaporates the
most water from Earth’s surface?
A. There will be a significant increase in
the population numbers and the quality of A. volcanoes
the individuals. B. the sun
B. There will be a significant decrease in
C. lightning
the population numbers and the quality of
the individuals. D. wind
C. The biological indicator species will re-
produce at lower rates, which will main- 4911. If you were going to build a community
tain population numbers. in the middle of the desert what question
would be the best to ask about water sup-
D. The biological indicator species will re- ply for your community?
produce at higher rates, which will main-
tain population numbers. A. Is the groundwater in the aquifer shal-
low enough to be pumped by an affordable
4908. This picture represents a/an stream well?
which is a stream that flows, dries up, and
flows again at different times of the year B. Is the amount of melted snow from
depending on the weather. the neighboring mountain range enough
to meet the water needs of the residents?
C. Is the water pumped from the Gulf
of California enough to satisfy the water
needs of the population?
D. Is the amount of rainfall sufficient to
provide for the water needs of the resi-
dents?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 564
4912. Which of the following is NOT a major 4917. Rain, sleet, snow and hail are all types
source of groundwater pollution? of
A. sewage A. precipitation
B. compost B. evaporation
C. pesticides C. condensation
D. industrial chemicals D. collection
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4913. Which of the following contains salt wa- 4918. Are the variables necessary to calculate
ter? the average slope of the basin using the
A. raindrops Alvord method?
B. oceans A. Length of contour lines within the
C. groundwater basin and basin area.
D. polar icecaps B. Constant difference between contour

lines, length of contour lines within the
4914. What is the percentage of the Earth’s basin and perimeter of the basin.
surface that is covered with water? C. Maximum gradient in the basin, length
A. 71% of contour lines within the basin and
B. 64% perimeter of the basin.
C. 57% D. Constant difference between contour

lines, length of contour lines within the
D. 81% basin and area of the basin.
4915. Cause of surface currents 4919. What are the two types of currents?
A. Sun
A. Surface and deep oceans.
B. Wind
B. Fresh water and salty
C. Geothermal Activity
D. Volcanic Activity 4920. Surface water that seeps underground.
A. Runoff
4916. Regular movements of water far below
the oceans surface are called B. groundwater
C. precipitation
D. infiltration
4921. Physical weathering is defined as

A. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by
forces.
B. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by
A. Warm Currents weather.
B. Deep Currents C. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by re-
C. Shallow Currents actions with water.
D. Surface Currents D. All of the above.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 565
4922. Which water cycle step has water evap- B. Water vapor condenses and forms a
orating off of leaves of plants? cloud

A. Condensation C. Water precipitates to the ground
B. Precipitation D. Water runs down into the hydrosphere
C. Accumulation 4927. Which of the following is not a process
D. Transpiration that decreases the salinity of ocean wa-
ter?
4923. particles deposit near the source of
A. Evaporation
a river, while particles settle near the
mouth. B. Icebergs melting
A. small, large C. Precipitation
B. large, small D. Runoff from the land
C. no, all 4928. How are deltas formed?

D. all, no A. formed by the effects of running water
creating a v-shaped land area
4924. Why do scientist monitor bioindicators
in water? B. formed by erosion and weathering of
soft rock caused by the movement of wa-
A. to compare freshwater and ocean water creating steep walls
ter ecosystems
C. formed by the deposition of sediments
B. to count the number of organisms carried by the river as the water flows
present out of the mouth creating the fan shaped
C. to monitor water quality and biodiver- opening
sity D. formed by the wind moving the sand
D. to analyze the dominant species and rocks to another spot
4925. What causes waves? 4929. Select the 3 main climate zones on
Earth.
A. rain
A. Polar
B. wind
B. Equator
C. gravity
C. North Pole
D. currents
D. Tropical
4926. What comes after evaporation during E. Temperate
the water cycle? How does this occur?
4930. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater
found?
A. stuck as ice in glaciers and ice caps at
the poles
B. oceans
C. underground aquifers
A. Water evaporates into water vapor D. rivers and lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 566
4931. An area where the water table is near, 4936. Sharp underwater hill connecting the
at, or above the land surface long enough continent to the ocean floor?
in the year to support the growth of spe- A. Ocean
cially adapted life is called a
B. Coral Reef
A. watershed
C. Plankton
B. wetland
D. Continental Slope
C. river basin
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4937. In science, the ability to do work in
D. aquifer
called
4932. Where would the temperature of the A. force
ocean probably be the lowest?
B. power
A. near poles in the summer
C. energy
B. near equator in the winter D. motion
C. near the poles in the winter
4938. The Earth’s fresh water sources consist
D. near the equator in the summer of all of the following:
4933. How much of the water on Earth is A. groundwater
fresh? B. oceans
A. 97% C. icebergs and glaciers
B. 50% D. rivers and lakes
C. 3%
4939. Which of the following is not a type of
D. 5% precipitation?
4934. Which of these weather conditions is A. rain

necessary for the formation of thunder- B. hail
storms and hurricanes? C. dew
A. air moving toward the center of a D. sleet
storm and rising into the atmosphere
B. air masses combining to create a high- 4940. The amount of water vapor in the air
pressure area A. Humidity
C. cold rain falling to the ground B. Aeration
D. wind spiraling downward and away C. Saturation
from the center of a storm D. Infiltration
4935. Where in the ocean is the salinity the 4941. Which describes the units for specific
highest? heat?
A. at the bottom A. temperature in celsius
B. at the top B. a ratio of grams per milliliter
C. in the Atlantic Ocean C. amount of energy in Joules
D. in the Arctic Ocean D. distance in meters

1.1 HYDROLOGY 567
4942. What cause the high spring tides? 4946. Tornadoes with a wind speed of 207-
318 mph occur frequently in the United
A. Hurricanes
States. How can a person in a house best

B. Alignment of the Earth, Moon and Sun stay safe during severe tornadoes?
C. Tsunamis A. Lock all the doors and windows in the
house.
D. Alignment of the inner planets
B. Place a smoke detector in every room
4943. What is the relationship between den- of the house.
sity and salinity in the ocean? C. Take shelter in a room with heavy fur-
A. As salinity in the ocean decreases, niture and access to water.
density of the ocean increases. D. Take shelter in a room without win-
B. As salinity in the ocean increases, den- dows below ground level.
sity of the ocean increases. 4947. Which term refers to the icicle-like pen-
C. There is no relationship between salin- dant that hang from the ceiling of a cavern
ity and density in the oceans. as shown in this picture?
D. Salinity and density always remain the
same throughout different parts of the
ocean.
4944. What is the source of energy for

chemosynthesis
A. Light energy
A. stalactites
B. Chemical energy
B. stalagmites
C. Kinetic energy
C. column
D. none of above
D. none of above
4945. What depositional feature is shown in
4948. The term for water evaporating from
this picture?
plants is
A. transpiration
B. precipitation
C. runoff
D. infiltration
4949. Nearly 100 years ago, a large volcano

erupted in the South Pacific. The follow-
ing year, some northeastern cities in the
A. Spit United States recorded measurable snow-
B. Bar fall every month of the year. Most of
the Northern Hemisphere experienced a
C. Bobbin
cold summer. Which explains how these
D. none of above events were related?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 568
A. Atmospheric dust from the volcanic

eruption caused a decrease in the amount
of solar energy reaching Earth.
B. The volcanic eruption damaged the
ozone layer, causing a decrease in the
amount of solar energy reaching Earth
C. The volcanic eruption temporarily in-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tensified the greenhouse effect. A. frozen water acts as a solute
D. Thermal energy released during the B. water expands when it freezes
volcanic eruption caused a decrease in C. the mass of water increases when it
Earth’s total heat energy. freezes
4950. Process 2 is known as D. frozen water dissolves most types of

rock
4953. What type of tide would you expect

when looking at the diagram?
A. precipitation
B. infiltration A. Spring
C. condensation B. Leap
D. transpiration C. Neap
D. Winter
4951. What is letter G?
4954. A river starts very small before getting
larger. What is the name given to a small
river that joins a larger river?
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Cont. Shelf
C. Cont. Slope
D. Trench
A. Confluence
4952. The diagrams shows a natural pro- B. Tribunal
cess that weathers rock.Which statement
best explains why this process results in C. Tributary
weathering? D. Joiner

1.1 HYDROLOGY 569
4955. How much of the water on earth is salt- C. Estuary waters are full of nutrients
water? such as dissolved oxygen that are washed
in by rivers

A. 67%
D. Seagrasses and calm waters provide
B. 97%
shelter and protection to organisms, mak-
C. 3% ing estuaries good places for animals to
D. 50% raise their young
4960. Belows are components of freshwater

4956. A mid-ocean ridge is formed from
EXCEPT
A. abyssal plains A. surface water 0.3%
B. the continental shelf B. rivers 0.9%
C. lava C. icecap and glaciers 68.7%
D. a trench D. groundwater 30.1%
4957. The greenhouse gas having the greatest 4961. provides the energy that evapo-
role in human-caused global warming is rates water from the surface of Earth.
A. methane
B. carbon dioxide
C. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
A. food
D. ozone
B. heat
4958. What two elements make the ocean C. gravity
salty? D. Sunlight
A. Magnesium and chlorine
4962. Which step of the water cycle includes
B. Chlorine and sodium liquid water changing into water vapor?
C. Chlorine and iron A. Condensation
D. Sodium and iron B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
4959. Which of the following is NOT true
about estuaries? D. Runoff
A. Estuaries are formed where brackish 4963. Which of the following is the best exam-
water exists ple of a source of POINT POLLUTION?
B. Estuaries are exposed to strong ocean A. Home owners washing cars near a
waves storm drain.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 570
B. A fabric company that pours extra dye A. the dead parts of plants and animals in
into a nearby stream soil.
C. Runoff from farms that brings animal B. A food we eat with pretzels.
waste into a stream.
C. The tiny particles inside of soil
D. Pet owners leaving waste on the
ground. D. The roots that come off of a plant and
live in soil.
4964. Which of the following is the best expla-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
nation for why oceans have two different 4968. 71% of the Earth is covered in water;
types of currents? however, only of that 71% is consid-
A. Surface currents are caused by differ- ered freshwater.
ences in density whereas deep currents A. 20%
are caused by wind.
B. 10%
whereas deep currents are caused by dif- C. 2.5%
D. 1%
C. Surface currents are caused by tem-
perature differences whereas deep cur- 4969. Water that fills the cracks and spaces
rents are caused by changes in salinity. below the surface is called
A. Freshwater
are caused by changes in temperature. B. Saltwater
4965. Continental air is C. Groundwater

A. Moist D. Ice
B. Dry
4970. A hole dug into an aquifer to reach
C. Cold groundwater is called
D. Warm
A. an aquitard/aquiclude
4966. In which of the following season is evap- B. a well
oration loss from free water is large?
C. a recharge zone
A. Winter
B. Spring D. a water table
C. Autumn 4971. Which characteristics of a cold-water
D. Summer upwelling near the coast of NC results in a
large concentration of marine organisms?
4967. Humus is
A. loss of thermal stability
B. high nutrient concentration
C. consistent surface-current flow rate
D. increased availability of dissolved oxy-
gen

1.1 HYDROLOGY 571
4972. What is the main function of the water D. Water has fewer currents in tropical
cycle? oceans than colder oceans.

A. create more water
4977. What causes surface currents to deflect
B. cycle water throughout the hydro- and what does a surface current do when
sphere it deflects?
C. decrease the amount of salt in water A. he mid-ocean ridge causes surface
D. reduce pollution in rivers currents to deflect and the surface cur-
rents sink to the ocean floor.
4973. The water that is beneath Earth’s sur-
face. B. The gravitational pull of the Sun and
the moon causes the surface currents to
A. Infiltration deflect and the surface currents turn back
B. Surface Water around.
C. Groundwater C. The continental margin causes the sur-
D. Water Table face currents to deflect and the surface
currents sink to the ocean floor.
4974. To break down D. The continental margin causes the sur-
A. Weathering face currents to deflect and the surface
B. Erosion currents change direction.
C. Abrasion 4978. Organisms that live on the bottom of

D. Melting the ocean or other body of water.
4975. Water moving up a paper towel against

gravity is which property?
A. capillary action
B. specific heat
C. cohesion
D. surface tension
4976. A student was looking at a map that A. Benthos

showed where hurricanes had formed. She
B. Plankton
noticed that more hurricanes formed over
tropical oceans than over colder ocean ar- C. Nekton
eas. Which of these BEST explains why D. none of above
more hurricanes form over tropical oceans
than cold oceans? 4979. What % of the Earth is cover with wa-
A. Air has less moisture over tropical ar- ter?
eas than over cold areas. A. 50-60%
B. Air has more moisture over tropical ar-
B. 3-5%
eas than over cold areas.
C. 70-75%
C. Water has more waves in tropical
oceans than over colder oceans. D. 10-20%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 572
4980. what is precipitation 4986. The lower part of the thermosphere is

called the
A. water droplets fall from the atmo-
sphere in the form of snow sleet or hail A. Exosphere
B. water that is formed in the clouds B. Ionosphere
C. clouds that make it humid C. Ozonosphere
D. none of above D. Thermosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4981. The main source of energy for the water 4987. In the data table below, Simon recorded
cycle is the height of the water on his walks once
a week for a month. Which picture below
A. waterfalls best represents the data shown for week
B. the continuous movement of water 4?
C. gravity
D. the Sun
4982. TRUE or FALSE. Many people on Earth

do not have accces to clean water.
A. TRUE
A.
B. FALSE
4983. All of the following are processes in the

water cycle except:
A. Evaporation B.
B. Condensation
C. Infiltration
D. Surface Tension C.

locked up in ice and glaciers?
A. 1% D.
B. 2%
C. 3% 4988. What is the difference between the Con-
D. none of above tinental Shelf and the Continental Slope?
A. The Continental Shelf is the gradual
4985. Sediment grains from fine to coarse are slope at the end of the continent and the
A. Silt, clay, sand, gravel, pebble Continental Slope is the steep slope that
extends down to the ocean floor.
B. Sand, clay, silt, pebble, gravel
B. There is no difference between the
C. Clay, silt, sand, pebble, gravel
Continental Shelf and the Continental
D. Clay, sand, silt, pebble, gravel Slope.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 573
C. The Continental Slope is the gradual 4994. Ocean water differs from freshwater in
slope at the end of the continent and the that it has
Continental Shelf is the steep slope that

A. a higher temperature
extends down to the ocean floor.
B. a lower temperature
D. none of above
C. a higher concentration of sodium chlo-
4989. As you go deeper in the ocean, the wa- ride
ter is colder and less salty. D. a higher concentration of silicon diox-
A. True ide
B. False 4995. Rivers and lakes would benefit the most

from a decrease in containing fertilizer.
4990. Impermeable Rock A. runoff
A. Rock that allows water to pass through B. aquifers
it
C. oxygen
B. Rock that does not allow water to pass
D. salt
through it
Explanation:Fertilizers are often used to
increase crop yields, but they can also
4991. A Spring Tide is occurs during the First
have a negative impact on rivers and lakes.
Quarter phase
When these nutrients enter rivers and
A. True lakes (runoff), they can cause an over-
B. False abundance of algae, which can lead to oxy-
gen depletion and other problems.
4992. The removal of beach materials into the
4996. What would the air pressure be like if
sea by waves, tides, or wind:
you were sitting in a boat in the ocean as
A. beach erosion a hurricane is forming above your head?
B. beach deposition A. Low
C. beach compaction B. High
D. none of above 4997. The land area that supplies water to a

river system
4993. How do the factors of temperature and
A. divide
pressure change as a diver goes deeper
into the ocean? B. watershed
A. temperature increases, but pressure C. tributary
decreases D. lake
B. temperature and pressure both in-
4998. Water evaporates mostly from
crease
A. land
C. temperature decreases, but pressure
increases B. snow
D. temperature and pressure both de- C. clouds

crease D. oceans

1.1 HYDROLOGY 574
4999. Precipitation in the water balance equa- A. precipitation

tion represents the main input of water to B. transpiration
a surface. Precipitation is a flux of either
rainfall or snowfall. C. evaporation
A. True D. condensation
B. False 5005. What do you think Cindy can do to help

her family conserve the most water?
5000. Our Earth, the water planet, has %
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of salt water.
A. 3
B. 97
C. 75
D. none of above
A. Purchase a toilet that uses 50% less
5001. What is water vapor? water
A. Water on the land (geosphere) B. Install a showerhead that uses 50%
B. Water in the air (atmosphere) less water
C. Water in plants C. Use a washing machine that uses 50%
less water
D. Water in the water (hydrosphere)
D. Washing her hands longer than she
5002. Free swimming animals are called normally would
A. Plankton
5006. Which word BEST describes SALINITY?
B. Nekton (a synonym)
C. Benthos A. water
D. none of above B. fresh
5003. 97% of the water on earth is , mak- C. ocean
ing it undrinkable for humans. D. salt
A. fresh water 5007. The following diagram represents the
B. salt water water cycle:Which of the following points
C. ground water represents precipitation?
D. surface water
5004. This picture of the mirror shows an ex-

ample of
A. Point 1
B. Point 2
C. Point 3
D. point 4

1.1 HYDROLOGY 575
5008. Many people believe that ocean waves C. Oxbow lake

move water. However, ocean waves re-
D. An undercut
ally transfer

A. wind 5013. the area of the shore and seabed that
B. sand is exposed to the air at low tide and sub-
merged at high tide, i.e. the area between
C. energy
tide marks
D. pressure
A. neritic zone
5009. 97% of all water can be found
B. intertidal zone
A. in oceans
C. photic zone
B. in glaciers
D. upwelling
C. in the ground
D. in the atmosphere 5014. If you erode a waterfall, which way
does it move?
5010. When a warm front is approaching,
what happens? A. Downstream
A. advancing cold air pushes up and over B. Upstream
retreating warm air causing warm tem-
peratures and mild rain 5015. The energy for our own water cycle on
B. advancing warm air pushes up and earth comes from the power of the
over retreating cold air causing warm tem- A. clouds
peratures and mild rain
B. water
5011. The process of purifying or clarifying
water to make it more potable. C. energy
A. solvent D. sun
B. dissolved oxygen
5016. If soil permeability is like sand then
C. salinity it’s runoff is
D. Water treatment A. high, low
5012. When a meander becomes very pro- B. high, high
nounced, this feature is formed. What is
C. low, high
it called?
D. low, low
5017. What process brings the deep cold ocean

currents up to the surface?
A. Conduction
A. U bend C. Convection Currents

B. Horseshoe lake D. Temperature and salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 576
5018. What does symbol # 1 mean?
A. Sun
B. Saturn
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Moon
A. Occluded Front
D. Venus
B. Stationary Front
C. Warm Front 5023. How is the climate for people on the
WEST coast of South America different
D. Cold Front from the climate of the people that live in-
land?
5019. Which is the most common contami-
nation source for freshwater resources?
(EEn 2.4.2)
A. runoff
B. digging wells
C. melting of glaciers
D. lightning A. The climate on the West coast would
be warmer than that of the people that live
5020. Most of Earth’s drinking water comes inland.
from B. The climate of people on the coast the
A. Oceans same as the people who live inland.
B. Glaciers C. The climate on the west coast of South
America would colder than that of the peo-
C. Lakes ple who live inland.
D. Groundwater D. Currents do not effect climate.
5021. How might a weathered mountain ap- 5024. Transpiration
pear different than an unweathered moun-
A. runoff, groundwater
tain?
B. Dehydration
A. Weathered mountain would be taller.
C. Evaporation into the air
B. Weathered mountain would be
rounder and less jagged. D. Seeps underground
C. Weathered mountain would be more 5025. Water on the surface of plants evapo-
jagged and less rounded. rating
D. Weathered mountain would have no A. Evaporation
trees. B. Transpiration
5022. Which body has the greater effect on C. Condensation
Earth’s tides? D. Infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 577
5026. Every cold current is heading towards: 5030. Which sequence lists the water cycle in
A. the poles order?

A. Condensation, evaporation, runoff /
B. the equator
storage, precipitation.
C. the Americas
B. Evaporation, condensation, precipita-
D. Asia, Europe, and Africa tion, runoff / storage.
5027. Where is most of Earth’s usable fresh- C. Condensation, precipitation, evapora-

water found? tion, runoff / storage.
D. none of above
A. ice caps and glaciers
B. clouds 5031. Which of the following does NOT affect
the size of the wave?
C. oceans
A. Density of water
D. aquifers
B. Strength of the wind
5028. In this model of layers of water, what C. Distance the wind blows on the wa-
can you infer about the red layer of water’s surface
ter?
D. Duration of the wind
5032. Deep ocean currents are caused by
what?
A. moon’s gravity
B. Coriolis Effect
C. difference in density
D. surface wind
5033. Plants taking up water from the ground.
A. Transpiration
A. It is warmer than the yellow, green,
and blue layers B. Root Uptake
B. It is colder than the yellow, green, and C. Excretion
blue layers D. Evaporation
C. It is higher in salinity than the yellow, 5034. Which hydrograph shows an urbanized
green, and blue layers river catchment?
D. It is higher in salinity and warmer than A. Hydrograph A
the other layers
B. Hydrograph B
5029. As water gets denser, how does it 5035. The shape of land determined by chang-
move? ing elevations and landforms
A. Expands toward warmer water A. trench
B. Sinks toward the ocean floor B. topography
C. Gets pushed toward the poles C. climate
D. Gets pulled up by evaporation D. salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 578
5036. If water cannot pass through a mate- 5041. How much of Earth’s water is unavail-
rial easily then the material is considered able for humans to consume due to its high
what? salinity?
A. permeable A. 3%
B. artesian well B. 23%
C. unsaturated zone C. 77%
D. impermeable D. 97%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5037. The gently sloping section from the 5042. What is D?
shoreline
A. Continental Divide
B. Continental Shelf
C. Continental Slope
D. Continental Margin
explains why nonpoint pollution is so dif-
ficult to prevent? A. Evaporation
A. Because nonpoint pollution can be B. Precipitation
traced to only one source.
C. Condensation
B. Because the source of nonpoint pollu-
D. Runoff
tion is difficult to identify.
C. Because the source of nonpoint pollu- 5043. The percentage of water to land is
tion may be a factory that can afford large A. water is 50%; land is 50%
fines.
B. water is 30%; land is 70%
D. Because nonpoint pollution is mainly
from high temperature, which is impossi- C. water is 97%; land is 3%
ble for us to affect. D. water is 70%; land is 30%
5039. When water turns to vapor and rises 5044. The Coriolis Effect causes global wind
into the atmosphere is called: to curve due to the rotation of Earth on
A. transpiration its axis. Which direction does global wind
B. evaporation curve in the Northern hemisphere?
C. sublimation A. Clockwise
D. precipitation B. Counterclockwise
5040. What two characteristics affect the den- 5045. On this questions, you must select the
sity of ocean water? two correct answers to make this state-
ment true. The and the cause the
A. Temperature and Wind Speed
ocean and sea water to bulge producing
B. Salinity and Depth tides.
C. Wave Size and Wave Strength A. Proximity of Jupiter and Gravitational
D. Temperature and Salinity Pull From the Moon

1.1 HYDROLOGY 579
B. Gravational Pull From the Moon and 5051. What ocean floor feature may even-
Rotation of the Earth tually turn into a volcanic island, like
Hawaii?

C. Alignment of Mars and Venus and Prox-
imity of Jupiter A. Trench
D. Rotation of the Earth and Solar Flares B. Mid-ocean ridge
5046. Which word means “safe to drink?” C. Rift Valley
A. Hardness D. Seamount
B. Potable 5052. The ocean that surrounds Antarctica is
C. Clear called
D. Turbidity A. The Antarctic Ocean
B. The Indian Ocean
5047. The moon is an energy source necessary
for evaporation to occur C. The Southern Ocean
A. True D. The Atlantic Ocean
B. False 5053. the direct transfer of heat from one

substance to another substance that it is
5048. If the same type of rock were placed in touching
a rainforest, desert, a forest in Tennessee,
and the North Pole, in which area would A. conduction
the rock weather the fastest? B. density
A. rainforest C. salinity
B. desert D. weather
C. North Pole 5054. A region in which a layer of limestone
D. forest in Tennessee close to the surface creates deep valleys,
caverns and sinkholes.
5049. What kind of tide (spring or neap) will
occur when the moon is at position F?
A. flood plain
A. spring B. delta
B. neap C. karst topography
D. V-shaped valley
5050. Water on Earth can be found naturally
as a solid, liquid, and gas. Where is MOST 5055. Wind patterns and differences in salin-
of the solid freshwater on Earth? ity and temperature cause this movement
A. in the outer core A. waves
B. in glaciers/ice B. tides
C. in the air C. currents
D. at the bottom of the ocean D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 580
5056. A huge underground cave filled with wa- B. the water becomes salty as it enters
ter is called what? the ocean.
A. Cavern C. water continuously evaporates back
B. Water table out of the ocean.
D. salty glacial water is also evaporating
C. Aquifer
from the ice caps.
D. none of above
5061. Runoff means
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5057. How is a lake different from an ocean? A. water vapor cooling to form clouds
A. oceans are saltier than lakes B. water running downhill
B. oceans are part of the water cycle but C. water falling from the sky
lakes are not
D. water heating up and rising as gas
C. Lakes are larger than oceans
5062. what is the water division of earth
D. Lakes are saltier than oceans
A. Ocean water 97%, freshwater frozen
5058. Rain, sleet, hail, and snow are all types as ice and in groundwater 2%, and drink-
of able freshwater less than 1 %
A. Evaporation B. ocean water-47%, freshwater 50%,
B. Transpiration freshwater frozen as ice 3%
C. Condensation
ice-90%, freshwater9%
D. Precipitation
D. freshwater-33.33%, freshwater frozen
5059. Which is true of the Coriolis Effect? as ice 33.33%, ocean water 33.33%
A. It causes ocean surface currents to 5063. Which letter represents a volcanic moun-
curve clockwise in the southern hemi- tain?
sphere and counterclockwise in the north-
ern hemisphere
B. It causes ocean surface currents to
curve counterclockwise in the southern
hemisphere and clockwise in the northern
hemisphere A. A
C. It causes ocean surface currents to B. B
curve north in the southern hemisphere C. E
and south in the northern hemisphere
D. G
D. It causes ocean surface currents to
curve right in the southern hemisphere 5064. In the hydrologic cycle, which process
and left in the northern hemisphere contributes to a decrease in surface and
groundwater levels?
5060. Many gallons of freshwater pour into
A. infiltration
the oceans each day. However, the salin-
ity balance is maintained because B. evaporation
A. sea organisms consume the freshwa- C. precipitation
ter. D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 581
5065. Underwater mountains formed by C. salinity, pressure increase; tempera-

erupting volcanoes. ture and density decrease

A. island D. They all remain constant
B. seamount 5069. If the Earth did not rotate on its axis,
C. trench there would be no
D. rift A. Greenhouse effect
5066. What separates the oceans? B. Coriolis effect
C. Global warming
D. Convection
5070. What divides watersheds?

A. valleys
B. rivers
A. nothing C. mountain ridges
B. salt D. fences
C. water
D. land/continents cated?
5067. Use relative age dating to put the rock A. lakes
layers in correct order from oldest to B. ocean
youngest.
C. polar ice caps and glaciers
D. groundwater
5072. Which of these will be an effect of the

continued melting of polar ice?
A. a major reservoir of fresh water will
decrease
B. Plant life will increase due to higher
sea levels
A. B, C, A, D, E
C. Water runoff will cause an increase in
B. B, C, D, A, E
ocean salinity
C. A, B, C, D, E
D. Ocean temperature will decrease with
D. E, D, C, B, A the addition of cold water
5068. What happens to density, salinity, tem- 5073. How does freezing water cause the
perature, and pressure as you descend into weathering of rocks? The freezing water-
the ocean?
A. keeps the rocks in place
A. Density, salinity, and pressure in-
crease; temperature decreases B. makes the rocks last longer
B. Density, salinity, temperature in- C. expands cracks and breaks rocks

crease; pressure decreases D. causes rocks to fall in landslides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 582
5074. Where the stream or river empties into 5079. What type of erosion causes landslides
another body of water.
A. mouth
B. point-source pollution
C. watershed
D. headwaters
5075. Underwater Volcanoes and Mountains?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. wind
A. Seamounts
B. waves
B. Mountain Ridge
C. water
C. Coastal Plains
D. gravity
D. Abyssal Plains
5080. The evaporation of water from plant
5076. Which two steps represented in the di-
leaves is known as
agram are considered to be opposite pro-
cesses? A. infiltration
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. evaporation
5081. What causes wind and surface currents
to curve to the right in the Northern Hemi-
sphere?
A. Waves
A. steps 4 and 5
B. Differences in salinity
B. steps 1 and 3
C. Coriolis Effect
C. steps 2 and 3
D. Density
D. steps 2 and 4
5082. What is the difference between a vol-
5077. Which of the following terms refers to
canic island & a seamount?
all ofEarth’s water?
A. A volcanic island rises above the water
A. hydrosphere
& a seamount does not
B. dew point
B. A seamount rises above the water & a
C. water cycle volcanic island does not
D. precipitation C. Both the seamount & volcanic island
5078. Limestone regions with sinkholes, sinks, are underwater
and sinking streams are said to have D. Both the seamount & the volcanic is-
A. aquicludes land rise above the water
B. caves 5083. Glaciers move very quickly.

C. groundwater A. True
D. karst topography B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 583
5084. Why are oceans a major part of the wa- C. moves around
ter cycle? D. makes waves

A. because they are large bodies of salt-
5089. Water that collects above the ground
water that easily evaporate salt into the
air A. iceberg
B. because they are large bodies of salt- B. water cycle
water that fresh water can be evaporated C. surface water
from
D. aquifer
C. because the salt water condenses eas-
ily to become a gas in the air 5090. Which graph best represents the re-
lationship between the discharge of a
D. because the salt water runs off onto stream and the velocity of stream flow?
land to fill lakes and streams
5085. The amount of fresh water

A.
A. >1%
B. 23%
C. 97%
D. 3%
B.
5086. What are all the steps of the water cy-
cle?
A. Evaporation, condensation, precipita-
tion, collection/accumulation
B. evaporation, runoff, population C.
C. condensation, precipitation, popula-
tion, drought
D. precipitation, evaporation, runoff
5087. An area where ocean water sinks D.

through cracks in the ocean floor, is heated
by the underlying magma, and rises again
is called a(n) 5091. The cause of waves at the surface of the
A. Tide pool ocean
B. Estuary
C. Hydrothermal vents
D. Atoll
5088. Water absorbs heat more slowly than

land does; it also more slowly than A. Boats
land does. B. Wind
A. Keeps heat C. Marine life
B. loses heat D. Geothermal energy

1.1 HYDROLOGY 584
5092. Walking on the warm sand sand with B. the poles are warmer throughout the
your bare feet demonstrates this type of year than the equator.
heat transfer. C. the equator and the poles are heated
the same amount.
D. the equator is warmer than the poles
throughout the year.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A building where water is cleaned and
treated
A. conduction B. A shed to store water in your backyard
B. convection C. A place underground where water is
C. radiation stored
D. none of above D. The area of land drained by a river
5093. What is a hydrosphere? 5097. How is salt added to the ocean?

A. Rivers carry sediment to the ocean
B. Sea creatures use salt for their
seashells
C. Evaporation
D. Precipitation
5098. What is shown by letter D in the dia-
gram?
A. The combined mass of water found
on, under, and above, the surface of the
planet.
B. The combined mass of salt in the
Ocean water.
C. The study of all living things on Earth.
D. The study of stars.
A. runoff
5094. What is the water that falls to Earth as B. groundwater
rain, snow, sleet, or hail called?
C. melting
A. condensation
D. vapor
B. evaporation
5099. Which of the following is one of the
C. precipitation most common hazards in the United
D. transpiration. States?
A. Tornadoes
5095. The unequal heating of the sun causes
global wind systems because B. Flooding
A. the equator is colder throughout the C. Volcanoes
year than the poles. D. Earthquakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 585
5100. phosphate can get into water because of the seafloor. To survive in this environ-
what substances causing water pollution? ment, they bury themselves in the sand of
the intertidal zone.

A. cleaning products
B. fertilizer 5104. Composition Ocean water differs from
C. sewage freshwater in that it has
D. all of these options A. a lower temperature
5101. How is pH level influenced by nitrates? B. a higher temperature
A. If the pH level is too high, then the ni- C. a higher concentration of silicon diox-
trates become acidic. ide
B. If the pH level is too high, then the ni- D. a higher concentration of sodium chlo-
trates disappear from the water supply. ride
C. If the nitrate levels are too high, then 5105. Water that keeps going around and
algae grows, which leads to unhealthy pH around in what is called
levels.
A. water cycle
D. If the nitrate levels are too low, then al-
gae disappears, which leads to unhealthy B. neap tide
pH levels. C. low tide
5102. Two types of water currents are D. spring
5106. Ocean currents have an affect on which

two things
A. local and global

B. sea and land A. climate and weather
C. surface and deep B. temperature and density
D. warm and cold C. land and sea
5103. Crabs and clams survive by in the zone D. equator and poles
by burying themselves in the sand.
5107. Water vapor cools and becomes liquid
A. Intertidal water.
B. Subtidal A. evaporation
C. Estuarine
B. transpiration
D. Marine
C. condensation
Explanation:Crabs and clams are benthic
organisms, meaning they live on or near D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 586
5108. If you air dry off after a swim in the A. The beginning amount of water in the
ocean, what process has occurred? container would be less than the ending
A. transpiration amount of water in the container because
the water evaporated, decreasing the wa-
B. evaporation ter level.
C. condensation
B. The beginning amount of water in the
D. precipitation
container would be more than the ending
5109. A collection of water droplets or ice crys- amount of water in the container because
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tals in the atmosphere. the process of condensation increases the
water level.
A. precipitation
B. clouds C. The beginning and ending amounts of
C. aquifer water in the container would be equal be-
cause the water that was evaporated in-
D. transpiration creased the water level but then came
5110. Which of the following is NOT a purpose back as precipitation which decreased the
of a vegetative buffer? water level again.
A. keep soil in place D. The beginning and ending amounts of
B. filter nutrients water in the container would be equal be-
C. contribute organic matter
D. adjust water flow back as precipitation which increased the
water level again.
5111. What is a body of permeable rock that
can contain or transmit groundwater.
A. Runoff 5113. Which contains most of the water on
Earth?
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater A. Lakes
D. Aquifer B. Oceans
5112. Refer to the diagram above of a stu- C. Rivers
dent’s lab setup of the water cycle. In this
experiment, the total amount of water in- D. none of above
side the container is measured at the be-
ginning and then again after a full cycle has 5114. Which is formed when a section of
occurred. Which of the following best pre- impermeable rock forces groundwater to
dicts the outcome of the experiment and move laterally and emerge onto the sur-
explains why? face of the Earth?
A. a spring
B. an aquifer
C. a geyser
D. a well

1.1 HYDROLOGY 587
5115. Look at the diagram below. What ocean C. Watershed

floor feature matches letter D? D. Hydrology

5120. It is a natural system with inputs, flows
and stores of water and sediment.
A. Drainage basin
B. Hydrology
A. Abyssal Plain
C. Hydrological process
D. Water system
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
D. Seamount 5121. Identify the ocean at location #3
5116. ice that floats on water

A. iceberg
B. run off
C. condensation
D. evaporation
A. Atlantic Ocean
5117. Evaporation is when B. Arctic Ocean
A. the sun heats up water and turns it into C. Pacific Ocean
water vapor
D. Indian Ocean
B. water droplets become too heavy and
fall from the atmosphere 5122. When the sun, the Moon, and the Earth
C. water gathers in rivers or streams and form a right angle; high tides are lower
then flows into the ocean and lakes. than normal.
D. none of above A. Spring tide

B. Neap tide
5118. Label d
5123. Label F
A. evaporation B. continental shelf
B. Precipitation C. abyssal plain
5119. downward movement of water through D. sea mount

pores and spaces in soil due to gravity 5124. What source of energy evaporates the
A. Infiltration most water from Earth’s surface?
B. Runoff A. Volcanoes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 588
B. Sun B. reticulation, formation, condensation,

C. Lightening irrigation
D. Wind C. evaporation, condensation, precipita-

tion, collection
5125. The largest ocean is the ocean.
D. colleciton, saving, boiling, melting
A. Pacific
B. Atlantic 5131. components of hydrograph
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Indian A. rising limb
D. Arctic
B. falling limb
5126. What watershed do we live in?
C. peak discharge
A. Appalachian
D. all the above
B. In honor
C. Catawba 5132. What type of water quality indicator
D. Charlotte can cause an algae bloom?
5127. when water evaporates into the atmo- A. Turbidity

sphere B. pH
A. evaporation
C. Dissolved Oxygen
B. transpiration
D. Temperature
C. condensation
E. Nitrates
D. precipitation
5128. What causes waves? 5133. Which of the following is true about sea-
A. ice and wind walls?
B. winds and currents A. Seawalls protect coastal areas how-

ever they cause erosion
C. currents and tides
D. wind and tide changes B. Seawalls do not protect coastal areas
however they reduce erosion
5129. As you descend deeper into the ocean,
the water gets C. Seawalls protect coastal areas and re-
duce erosion
A. warmer and pressure increases
D. Seawalls do not protect coastal areas
B. warmer and pressure decreases
and they cause erosion
C. colder and pressure decreases
D. colder and pressure increases 5134. The dry season water table
5130. What are the four phases of the water A. will be above the wet season water ta-
cycle? ble
A. Evaporation, percolation, precipita- B. will be below the wet season water ta-
tion, convection ble

1.1 HYDROLOGY 589
5135. Which source of energy below is the on the continental shelf exposed by the
most important in driving the water cycle? lowest low tide.

A. Gravity is necessary to pull water D. A coastal inlet or bay where fresh wa-
downhill when it rains thus allowing water from rivers mixes with salty ocean wa-
ter to flow into rivers and streams. ter. Found in the intertidal zone
B. Sunlight heats up surface water creat-
5139. How does the orbit of a comet compare
ing the process of evaporation.
to the orbit of a planet?
C. Geothermal energy is important so
A. Comets have a shorter rounder orbit
forms of precipitation like rain occur.
than a planet
D. Wind helps change surface water into
B. Comets have a longer more oblong like
orbit than a planet
ration.
C. They have the same orbit
5136. A tide occurs when the Sun, the
D. Comets do not have an orbit, they are
Moon, and the Earth are aligned.
all random
5140. Define groundwater

A. water that moves through soil or rock
underground
B. liquid water that runs downhill on
A. neap Earth’s surface
B. high C. the movement of water into the ground
C. low D. the process by which liquid water
D. spring changes to water vapor
5137. When an industry reduces water usage, 5141. Approximately what percentage of
recycle water, and reuse water are prac- Earth’s water is SALT water?
ticing A. 97 %
A. irrigation B. 71%
B. conservation C. 30%
C. filtration
D. 3%
D. evaporation
5142. This is an area of land where surface
5138. What is an unsaturated zone? water from rain, melting snow, or ice
A. A layer of rocks and soil above the wa- move toward a single place where water
ter table in which the pores contain air as joins a large body of water
well as water.
B. A layer of permeable rock or soil in
which the cracks and pores are totally
filled with water.
C. An area that stretches from the high-
est high-tide line on land out to the point

1.1 HYDROLOGY 590
A. watershed C. Cold front because the warm air forces

B. waterport the cold air upwards.
C. weathering D. Cold front because because the cold

air forces the warm air upwards.
D. porosity
5148. During the new moon and the full moon
5143. Which best describes the amount of
phases when the sun, Earth, and moon are
Earth’s total water supply that is usable
in alignment, tides are produced.
freshwater?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. less than 1% A. spring
B. less than 25% B. rip
C. greater than 50% C. neap

D. greater than 75% D. upwelling
5144. A spring tide occurs when the moon 5149. All of the following are ways to treat
A. is closest to the Earth water except:
B. and the sun pull on Earth at a 90 de- A. Chemically
gree angle B. Smell
C. and the sun are aligned and pull on C. Biologically
earth
D. Physically
D. is farthest from the earth
5145. how compacted something is 5150. How much time passes between each
tide?
A. aquifer
A. 6 hours 13 minutes
B. density
B. 12 hours 25 minutes
C. salinity
C. 24 hours 13 minutes
D. convection
D. 4 hours 13 minutes
5146. What happens to density as salinity in-
creases? 5151. What is the Coriolis effect?
A. Density decreases A. the differences in the air pressure
B. Density increases
B. an effect where it causes the Earth to
C. Density stays the same have a curved path of wind because of
D. none of above Earth’s rotation
5147. When a cold air mass moves into a
warm air mass, what type of front forms? D. The tides and the lunar phases
A. Warm front because the warm air
5152. 97% of Earth’s water is water.
forces the cold air upwards.
A. Fresh
B. Warm front because the cold air forces
the warm air upwards. B. Salt

1.1 HYDROLOGY 591
5153. why does the amount of water in of the following will be true of the water
Earth’s oceans remain fairly constant returning through the vents?

A. water cycle A. It will be full of dissolved minerals that
help to form sea salt.
B. precipitation or heavy rainfall
B. It will have less of the dissolved miner-
C. drought
als that help to form sea salt.
D. by conserving fresh water
C. It will contain lava from Earth’s man-
5154. The water cycle describes the movement tle.
of the water of Earth. About 97% of D. It will have a higher density than the
the water of Earth is the salt water found water around it.
in the oceans while the remaining 3% is
fresh water. Where would the majority 5157. The top of an aquifer is known as:
of the freshwater on Earth be found? A. the water table.
A. groundwater and aquifers B. an artesian well.
B. swamps and wetlands C. the hydraulic gradient.
C. ice caps and glaciers D. a geyser.
D. lakes and rivers 5158. What drainage pattern resembles a leaf
or mature tree
5155. Water molecules sticking together due
to hydrogen bonds. A. Trellis
B. Dendritic
C. Radial
D. Rectangular
5159. is the process where water soaks

into soil and porous rock.
A. Condensation
B. Runoff
C. Infiltration
D. Sublimation
A. Cohesion
5160. fresh water comprises of % of the
B. Adhesion total global water
C. Polarity A. 3
D. Surface Tension B. 2
5156. Hydrothermal vents are formed as a re- C. 1

sult of water that seeps through earth’s D. 0.3
crust near divergent boundaries or subduc-
tion zones. When the water is heated by 5161. The water cycle is also know as the
the magma in the mantle, it returns to the cycle.
ocean through vents in the crust. Which A. Hydrologic

1.1 HYDROLOGY 592
B. Steinologic 5167. Water Droplets on the Outside of a Cold

C. Wateric Glass of Water
D. Hydrology A. transpiration
B. condensation
5162. Groundwater is subordinate to surface
water. C. precipitation
A. Correct D. evaporation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Salah 5168. Which box has a higher density?
5163. What direction do currents in the
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE flow?
A. Clockwise (to the right)
B. Counterclockwise (to the left)
5164. What is the other name for a river

basin? A. Box A
A. Drainage basin B. Box B
B. Stream basin C. cannot be determined
C. Source Basin D. they are the same

D. none of above 5169. Wha type of tide would this arrange-
ment of earth-moon-sun create?
5165. I amthe land that gets flooded when the
river overflows. What am I?
A. full moon tide

B. new moon tide
C. neap tide
A. Levee
D. spring tide
B. Delta
C. Floodplain 5170. Which factor most likely cuses two
D. Meander cities at the same elevation and latitude
to have different yearly average tempera-
5166. What is irrigation? ture ranges?
A. The act of adding water to crops A. rotation of earth
B. The act of removing water from crops B. duration of solar insolation
C. The act of planting crops C. distance from large body of water
D. The act of harvesting crops D. direction of prevailing winds

1.1 HYDROLOGY 593
5171. Which of the following is not on the elec- 5175. If a local gas station is fined for leaking
tromagnetic spectrum? oil into a local river, which type of pollu-
A. Radio waves tion is it?

B. X-rays A. Point source
C. Visible spectrum B. Petroleum pollution
D. Protons C. Non-point source
5172. Groundwater is that enters a water- D. none of above
shed and is absorbed into the soil.
A. Snow 5176. The Gulf Stream current makes the wa-
B. Precipitation ters of North Atlantic
C. Run-off A. cooler
D. Saturated B. warmer
5173. Where is most of Earth’s water found? C. more dense
D. less nutrient rich
5177. A tsunami occurs when a large volume

of water suddenly
A. causes deep currents
B. moves up and down
C. turns hotter or colder
A. salty oceans
D. increases salinity
B. freshwater lakes
C. freshwater ponds 5178. How are deep currents different form
D. glaciers surface currents?
5174. All policies, strategies and activities to A. warmer and faster

manage the natural resource of fresh wa- B. caused by wind
ter.
C. denser and slower
D. some are colder than others
5179. Where does salt in our oceans come

from? select all that apply
A. weathered rocks
A. Cohesion B. hydrothermal vents and underwater

volcanos
B. Hydrology
C. Freshwater C. precipitation in the form of rain
D. Water Conservation D. acid rain caused by air pollution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 594
5180. What percentage of the Earth’s surface 5184. The change of a substance from a liquid
is covered by water? to a gas
A. 97% A. condensation
B. 71% B. water vapor
C. 50% C. evaporation
D. 3% D. precipitation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5181. The picture below shows a geological
5185. Which of the following factors can cause
landform on Earth. This landform is al-
the salinity of a town well to increase?
ways found along the shoreline of a body
of water. It is usually made up of loose A. Increases in global temperature
particles, such as sand and rock.
B. Decreases in use of irrigation
C. Glacial melting
D. Saltwater intrusion
5186. Water vapor is converted from a liquid

into a gas during which step of the water
cycle?
A. Condensation
B. Precipitation
C. Evaporation
A. a canyon
D. none of above
B. an ocean ridge
C. a beach 5187. Water that is colder is dense than
D. a fault line warmer water.
A. more
5182. This occurs when water droplets in
clouds return to Earth’s surface. B. less
A. Runoff
5188. What is tidal range?
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Evaporation

water. About 2% of that water is not
available for use by humans. Why is this?
A. The water is frozen A. The average of high and low tide
B. The water contains salt B. The median of high and low tide
C. The water is polluted C. The difference in high and low tide
D. The water is in aquifers D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 595
5189. What watershed do we live in? 5194. Energy moving through the water is
A. The Muskegon called:

B. The Kalamazoo A. Tide
C. The Grand B. Current
D. The Shiawassee C. Wave
5190. Jada wants her family to change some D. Hurricane

of their daily habits to conserve water. 5195. Which two locations would have a
Which of the following would be the best higher velocity than the other two?
way to conserve water?
A. They should water their lawn during
the afternoons to reduce water usage.
B. They should take shorter showers to
reduce water usage.
C. They should wash dishes by hand using
running water in the sink because it uses
less water a dishwasher.
A. A and B
D. They should not make any changes be-
cause it will not make a difference. B. B and C
C. A and D
5191. Tides are caused by
A. wind D. B and D
B. density differences 5196. What does the word discharge mean?

C. gravity A. the size of the river
D. salinity differences B. a cross section
5192. What is a front? C. the volume of water at a cross section
A. boundary between two air masses of of a river
similar humidity and temperature D. how loud the river is
B. boundary between three air masses of
5197. deep ocean currents are caused by
different humidity, temperature, density
A. wind
C. boundary between three air masses of
different humidity, temperature, density B. waves
D. boundary between two air masses of C. salinity
different humidity and temperature D. animals
5193. What percentage of Earth is covered
5198. List fresh water locations from smallest
with water?
to largest.
A. 80%
A. Surface Water, Other Fresh Water,
B. 60% Groundwater, Glaciers and Ice Caps
C. 71% B. Glaciers and Ice Caps, Groundwater,
D. 70% Other Fresh Water, Surface Water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 596
C. Surface water, Other Fresh Water C. rain

Glaciers and Ice Caps, Groundwater D. density differences
D. none of above
5204. This is formed when an underwater vol-
5199. A deep gorge, typically one with a river cano builds up enough lava and ash to rise
flowing through it(carves into the land- above sea level.
scape as a river causes weathering and A. volcanic seamount
erosion)
B. volcanic ridge
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Canyon
C. volcanic island
B. dam
D. volcanic guyot
C. reservoir
5205. Below is a chart of test results from wa-
D. water table
ter samples taken at various sites. Which
5200. All the waters on Earth’s surface. of the following best describes the results
from these sites?
A. oceans
B. rivers
C. hydrosphere
D. glaciers
5201. Look at the diagram below. What ocean A. Site 1 is unhealthy because of its dis-
floor feature matches letter E? solved oxygen levels are too high.
B. Site 2 is unhealthy because the pH is
too high and the temperature is too low.
C. Site 3 and 4 are unhealthy because the
temperature is too low.
A. Volcanic Island D. Site 5 is unhealthy because the tem-
perature is too high and the dissolved oxy-
B. Continental Slope gen is too low.
C. Mid Ocean Ridge
5206. When an object or substance is warmer,
D. Seamount its particles move faster and get fur-
5202. Which of the following causes both sur- ther apart (Tip for remembering:they are
face currents and waves? warmer and want to get cooler by moving
away from one another) True or False
A. moon
B. earthquakes
C. heat
D. wind
5203. what causes ocean tides

A. wind A. True
B. gravity B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 597
5207. The amount of water that is available C. C and D; the gravitational pull between
to enter groundwater in a region is influ- the Earth and the moon produces high and
enced by low tides.

A. vegetation cover D. B and D; the rotation of the Earth
B. slope of the land around the moon produces high and low
C. type of rock found at the surface tides.
D. all of the above
5211. According to the pie chart, most of the
5208. What part of the water cycle is labeled water on Earth is in what form?
A?
A. Oceans
A. Transpiration B. River systems

B. Accumulation C. Frozen as ice
C. Evaporation
D. Underground water
D. Condensation
5209. The change of state from a gas to a liq- 5212. How does the Gulf Stream affect the cli-
uid mate of coastal regions along the eastern
United States?
A. continental rise
B. condensation A. It is a warm current so it creates
warmer climates along the eastern coast.
C. evaporation
D. convection B. It is a cold current so it creates cooler
climates along the coast.
5210. Which of the following shows where
high tide is occurring and best explains C. The Coriolis effect causes it to curve
why? before it can affect the coast’s climate.
D. Because it is a deep durrent, it is too
dense to come to the surface and have an
effect on the coast’s climate.
5213. School is cancelled due to a snowstorm.

A. Evaporation
A. A and B; strong winds blowing over the
oceans produces high and low tides. B. Condensation
B. A and C; tectonic plate movement be- C. Precipitation
low the ocean floor produces high and low
tides. D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 598
5214. What is a delta?
A. About 2% of Earth’s water is frozen.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. About 3% of Earth’s water is frozen.
C. Exactly 0.9% of Earth’s water is frozen.
A. Area of water D. none of above

B. fan shaped mass of material deposited
at the mouth of a stream 5218. Which one of the following answer
choices does this scenerio describe? The
C. slope of land rain began pouring very heavy on the
D. sediments deposited at a river ground.
A. precipitation
5215. Surface water can become ground water
B. condensation
through the process of
C. evaporation
A. Transportation
D. transpiration
B. Percolation
C. Overland flow 5219. What is the most abundant salt in sea-
water?
D. Surface run-off
A. potassium chloride
5216. What kind of weathering causes the B. calcium chloride
mineral composition of rocks to change? C. sodium chloride
D. magnesium chloride
5220. The graph shows the distribution of wa-

ter on Earth’s surface.What can be con-
cluded from the image?
A. mechanical weathering
B. permeable weathering
C. chemical weathering
D. physical weathering
5217. Which best describes the amount of A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is
frozen water on Earth? found in oceans

1.1 HYDROLOGY 599
B. Most of the water available on Earth is A. Clastic

not drinkable B. Foliated

C. Most of the water available on Earth is C. Extrusive
drinkable
D. Organic
found as groundwater 5225. water from precipitation that flows
over Earth’s surface
5221. Water moves through Earth’s layers un-
til it reaches a layer. A. surface runoff
A. saturated B. groundwater
B. water table C. accumulation
C. impermeable layer D. subsurface runoff
D. permeable 5226. Which has a higher permeability?
5222. What is a river mouth?

A. The place where a river starts
B. Where the river flows into the sea
C. Where two river channels meet
D. The land next to the river channel
5223. What type of clouds are these?
A. Sample A
B. Sample B
C. They have the same permeability
D. none of above
5227. Why are many fishing boats found near

A. Cirrus areas of upwelling?
B. Cloudy A. There is less vegetation there.
C. Cumulonimbus B. The water is less turbulent there.
D. Cumulus C. Many marine species gather there to
eat the nutrients brought to the surface.
5224. This type of rock is formed from dead
animals D. Upwellings are found in more shallow
waters, so boats do not need anchorage.
5228. What happens to pressure and density

as you descend in the water column (go
deeper in the ocean)?
A. Pressure and Density Decrease
B. Pressure Increases, but Density De-
creases

1.1 HYDROLOGY 600
C. Pressure and Density Increase 5235. What is a blanket of gases surrounding

D. none of above the Earth, protecting the Earth called?
A. ozone
5229. What are 3 examples of nonrenewable
B. atmosphere
resources?
C. troposphere
A. Oil
D. blanket
B. Coal
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Natural Gas 5236. The following is an example of point
source pollution:
D. Wood
A. Discharge from a wastewater treat-
5230. There are two types of ocean currents. ment plant.
A. True B. runoff from urban areas.
B. False 5237. comes up from the cave floor?
5231. Any substance above 7 on the pH scale A. stalactites
A. acid B. stalagmites
B. base 5238. Only 3% of the water on Earth is fresh-

water. About 2/3 of that water is not
C. turbid
available for man’s use. Why is this?
D. potable
A. It is polluted
5232. Spring tides and neap tides occur in pat- B. It is salty
terns governed by the
C. It is in aquifers
A. phases of the moon D. It is frozen
B. seasons (fall, winter, etc.)
5239. Groundwater is thus a form of that
C. surface currents streams during periods when rain does
D. deep sea currents not fall.
A. storage, sustains
5233. What is a drawback to the extensive
use of irrigation? B. precipitation, dehydrates
A. crops do not receive sufficient water C. saltwater, dries up
B. flooding increase D. mineral, lithifies
C. groundwater levels decrease 5240. Characteristic of a material that is full of
D. pollution increases tiny, connected air spaces that water can
seep through.
5234. The Coriolis Effect is caused by
A. Earth rotating around the sun
B. Earth rotating on its axis
C. The tides
D. Magic water fairies

1.1 HYDROLOGY 601
A. Permeable 5246. What is C?

B. Plankton

C. Impermeable
D. Upwelling
5241. During the Pacific warm pool mi-

grates eastward.
A. Normal Conditions A. Solid
B. The boy B. Liquid
C. Gas
5242. Besides the Moon, the daily tides
around the world are MOST affected by D. none of above
the
5247. The deflection of wind and water due to
A. wind the rotation of the Earth
B. rain A. Greenhouse Effect
C. Sun B. Coriolis Effect
D. Coriolis effect C. Milankovitch Cycles
D. Global Warming
5243. Which of these will affect the height of
an ocean wave? 5248. Which label represents the process of in-
filtration?
A. Salinity and density
B. Sunlight and wavelength
C. Water level and precipitation
D. Wind speed and distance wind blows
5244. What contributes the most to beachero-

sion? A. Label 1
A. animal activity B. Label 2
B. wave action C. Label 3
C. precipitation D. Label 4
D. evaporation 5249. Some seas have a high rate of evapora-
tion. Because of this, the water in those
5245. Precipitation seas will have higher
A. runoff, groundwater A. temperatures
B. Dehydration B. waves
C. Evaporation into the air C. salt concentrations
D. Seeps underground D. amounts of animals

1.1 HYDROLOGY 602
5250. Any type of moisture that falls to the 5254. A tsunami is an unusually large wave
Earth is known as what part of the water caused by
cycle? A. an earthquake or volcano
A. evaporation B. increased gravitational pulls when the
B. precipitation sun and moon line up
C. condensation C. a heat wave
D. transpiration D. extreme winds
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5255. When the density of ocean water in-
5251. Temperature affects this greatly
creases and it sinks toward the bottom of
the ocean, what does this cause?
A. deep currents
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. gravitational pull
D. gulf stream current
5256. When water is evaporated from the
leaves of plants into the atmosphere it is
referred to as
A. Plant-breathing
A. color
B. Evapoplantification
B. density
C. Transpiration
C. chlorine
D. Participation
D. light
5257. What is evaporation?
5252. Tides are caused by the A. When water falls back to earth
A. Gravitational pull of the Sun B. When water cools
B. Gravitational pull of Jupiter C. When water collects
C. Gravitational pull of Mars D. When water heats and rises and turns
D. Gravitational pull of the Moon into water vapor
Letter C?
ocean fishermen?
A. They cause the ocean water to get
warmer.
B. They cause the ocean currents to re-
main calm.
A. Abyssal Plain
C. They bring nutrients from the cold
deep ocean waters. B. Deep Ocean Trench
D. They bring ocean currents from the C. Continental slope
equator. D. Continental Shelf

1.1 HYDROLOGY 603
5259. Groundwater quality is affected by 5263. What is a body of water that combines
which absorbs from rain. freshwater from rivers and lakes with
saltwater from the ocean?

A. Surface runoff
B. Soil type A. Tributary
C. Wetland B. Wetland
D. soil moisture C. Floodplain
5260. Which results from the unequal heating D. Estuary
of the ocean water of Earth?
5264. Tributary:a river or ocean that feeds
A. a constant sea level
into a main river.
B. changes in tidal patterns
A. True
C. unchanging climate for all regions on
Earth B. False
D. changes in ocean current patterns 5265. The Gulf stream carries water from
5261. Which diagram shows the formation of the east coast of The United States to the
a land breeze? West coast of Europe.
A. Cold
B. Warm
C. Freezing
D. Fresh
A. diagram Y 5266. Where does most of the water on Earth

B. diagram X evaporation?
C. neither A. Rivers
D. both B. Lakes
5262. The picture shows a microwave oven. C. Oceans

As the microwave oven operates, the elec- D. Plants
trical energy is transformed into all of the
following EXCEPT 5267. The diagram illustrates two types of cur-
rents are found in ocean waters.Which of
the following is the BEST explanation for
why oceans have two types of currents?
A. solar
B. light
C. thermal
D. mechanical

1.1 HYDROLOGY 604
A. Surface currents are caused by wind A. Salinity

whereas deep currents are caused by dif- B. Chloride
C. Sodium
B. Surface currents are caused by differ-
D. Sulfates
ences in density whereas deep currents
are caused by wind. 5272. The diagram shows five different wells.
C. Surface currents are caused by tem- Identify the wells that would currently be
perature differences whereas deep cur- able to replenish any water that is drawn
NARAYAN CHANGDER
rents are caused by changes in salinity. from them with groundwater.
are caused by changes in temperature
5268. The height of a wave is MOST affected

by the
A. speed of the wind A. well 1, well 4, well 5
B. speed of the ocean B. well 1, well 3, well 5
C. salinity of the ocean C. well 1, well 4, well 3
D. amount of solar energy D. well 2, well 4, well 5
5269. The of a mountain range is the side 5273. What causes a puddle of water to dis-
that receives a lot of precipitation. appear
A. dry side A. precipitation
B. leeward/dry side B. evaporation
C. windward/wet side C. condensation
D. cloudy side D. none of above
5270. mountain ranges in the ocean 5274. All of the following are properties of
water except
A. mid-ocean ridge
A. surface tension
B. trenches
B. capillarity
C. rift
C. adhesion
D. ocean basin
D. condensation
5271. What are the main salt in the ocean? 5275. What two elements are the most abun-
dant in salt water in the ocean?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 605
A. Acid Rain C. Continental slope

B. magnesium and calcium D. none of above

C. Chloride and Sodium
5281. Put the Earth’s water sources in order
D. Condesation of lakes and rivers
from LEAST to GREATEST
5276. The lowest point of a wave is called A. Water Vapor, Lakes and Rivers,
A. Crest Groundwater, Glaciers, Oceans
B. Trough B. Oceans, Glaciers, Groundwater, Lakes
C. Frequency and Rivers, Water Vapor
D. Waveheight C. Water Vapor, Lakes and Rivers,
Glaciers, Oceans, Lakes and Rovers
5277. What percentage of our atmosphere is
made up of other gases such as argon, wa- D. Lakes and Rivers, Oceans, Water Va-
ter vapor, and carbon dioxide? por, Groundwater, Glaciers
A. 1%
5282. When will the tides be lower than nor-
B. 21% mal?
C. 78%
D. 90%
5278. What does label C represent in the pic-

ture?
A. Point A
B. Point B
C. Point C
A. continental slope D. None of these tides are always the
B. continental shelf same
C. abyssal plain
5283. Which of the following describes the wa-
D. sea mount ter cycle?
5279. What causes ocean waves? A. the daily rise and fall of the ocean lev-
A. Wind els cause by gravitational pull of the moon
and sun on earth
B. Sunlight
C. Density B. the movement of energy through wa-
ter
D. temperature
5280. A smooth, nearly FLAT region of the through a larger body of water
deep OCEAN FLOOR.
D. the ongoing cycle of water from the
A. Abyssal plain land to the atmosphere back to the
B. Trench ocean/land without the loss of any water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 606
5284. Choose the correct option 5288. What is the name of the ocean labeled
with the letter K?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Caribbean Sea
A. Arctic Ocean
B. Mediterranean Sea B. Indian Ocean
C. North Sea C. Southern Ocean
D. Sea of France D. Pacific Ocean
5285. This is the layer of the atmosphere that 5289. Why is water from an aquifer more
is extremely cold and causes meteorites to likely to be cleaner than water from other
burn up and appear to be shooting stars. sources?
A. troposphere A. because it forms where fresh and salt
B. stratosphere water meet
B. because it receives water directly
C. mesosphere
from precipitation
D. thermosphere
5286. All of the following factors contribute to ocean
run-off, except:(EEn 2.3.1) D. because pollutants are filtered by rock
and soil deep within Earth
A. Deforestation (e.g., lack of vegetation)
B. Heavy rainfall events 5290. The study of the movement, distribu-
tion, and quality of water on Earth.
C. Soil type (e.g., clay soils allow less in-
filtration)
D. Slope angle (e.g., steeper slopes have
more runoff)
E. Evapotranspiration (e.g., the combined
processes of evaporation and transpira-
tion)
5287. What type of weather can you expect A. Hydrology

from a stationary front? B. Hydrosphere
A. Cloudy with light rain and possible fog. C. Water Conservation
B. Clear weather and sunny skies. D. Potable
C. Rainy weather that lasts for days. 5291. In the water cycle, what happens during
D. Thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail and evaporation?
possibility of tornadoes. A. Water vapor changes to liquid water.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 607
B. Water falls to the ground from clouds. B. design parameters of climatic data
C. Liquid water changes to water vapor. C. flood forecasting

D. Water flows over the ground. D. relationship of water quality and water
quantity
5292. 3% of Earth’s water is salt water. True
or False 5296. What does this image show?
A. True
B. False
5293. Why is fresh water is such a short sup-

ply?
A. Oxbow Lake
B. Headwaters
A. most fresh water is frozen in ice C. Runoff
sheets D. Delta
B. most fresh water is trapped under-
5297. What percent of all water on earth is
ground
salt water?
C. most fresh water is cycling in the at-
A. 97%
mosphere
B. 80%
D. most fresh water is in the bodies of
plants and animals C. 70%
D. 30%
5294. Formations that come down from the
ceiling are called 5298. What do you call this type of rock when
crystals are compressed and line up with
other crystals?
A. stalagmites
B. stalactites
5295. what is aerially distributed process

(vertical water exchange)
A. continuous forecasting of discharge A. Fossilized
and water level B. Foliated

1.1 HYDROLOGY 608
C. Clastic 5304. What water cycle process is repre-

D. Igneous sented by the water drops falling into the
small bowl?
5299. the state of the atmosphere at ONE
place and time may include heat, dry-
ness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.
A. climate
B. tide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. convection
D. weather
A. The process of condensation
5300. is the measure of suspended parti-
cles in the water. B. The process of transpiration
A. dissolved oxygen C. The process of precipitation
B. turbidity D. The process of evaporation
C. phosphate
5305. What property of water helps to mod-
D. nitrates
erate earth’s temperature?
5301. Which of the following is a variable
checked for when testing water quality?
A. all of the following are tested
B. temperature of water
C. pH of the water
D. turbidity of the water
5302. What happens as a result of upwelling?
A. Nothing.
B. Upwelling brings up nutrients which
feed schools of fish at the surface. A. adhesion
C. Upwelling kills fish because it allows B. chohesion
toxics Into the water.
C. Specific heat capacity
D. none of above
D. Latent heat of vaporization
5303. Constantly moving system of deep-
ocean circulation driven by temperature 5306. Not resistant to weathering means
and salinity. It moves water around the
entire planet over periods of hundreds of A. something does not wear down easily
years. B. something wears down very easily
C. something can withstand a lightning
B. Global Conveyor Belt strike
C. Surface Currents D. something cannot withstand a light-
D. Gulf Stream ning strike

1.1 HYDROLOGY 609
5307. What is the water cycle powered by? A. 79%

A. sun B. 20%

B. water C. 1%
C. heat D. 100%
D. your science teacher
5312. Which source of freshwater is not easily
5308. Explanation why oceans have two dif- available for human use?
ferent types of currents. A. oceans
A. Surface currents are caused by dif- B. freshwater lakes
ferences in density. Deep currents are
C. rivers
caused by wind.
D. icecaps/glaciers
B. Surface currents are caused by wind.
Deep currents are caused by differences 5313. Water that infiltrates the soil and is
in density. stored in the spaces between sediment
C. Surface currents are caused by tem- particles is referred to as
perature differences. Deep currents are A. water that is evaporated
caused by changes in salinity.
B. groundwater
C. condensed water
changes in salinity. Deep currents are
caused by changes in temperature. D. water as runoff
5309. Which best describes the types of organ- 5314. What does this image best represent?
isms found in estuaries?
A. They can survive in salt water.
B. They are only found in freshwater.
C. They cannot tolerate brackish water.
D. They tolerate both freshwater and salt
water.
5310. A cold current typically comes from
where?
A. The equator
A. the El Nino effect
B. The Arctic (North or South Pole)
B. The La Nina Effect
C. A surface current
C. The warm currents of the Gulf Stream
D. A cold current originates on land
D. Last season’s Hurricane results
5311. Using the graph what percentage of wa-
ter is easily accessible for human use? 5315. What is the average salinity of ocean
water?
A. 35 parts per 1000
B. 50 parts per 1000
C. 25%
D. 21 parts per 1000

1.1 HYDROLOGY 610
5316. A measure of the ability of a rock or sed- 5320. The curves of a river are called
iment to transmit water or other liquids.
A. deltas
A. Porosity
B. levees
B. Permeability C. meanders
C. Impermeable D. dams
D. Aquifer
5321. Water sources are divided into 2,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5317. What is the process of water vapor namely natural water sources and artifi-
changing into liquid water? cial water sources. Which is a natural wa-
ter source, namely
A. Condensation
A. Pump well
B. Evaporation
B. Traditional well
C. Precipitation
C. Lake
D. Runoff
D. Spring
5318. Fern fossils can be found in the rocks of
Antarctica today. From this evidence we 5322. which of the following are the types of
can infer that? rain gauge?
A. Ferns once grew in Antarctica A. pluviometer
B. Antarctica has undergone a dramatic B. ombrometer

change inclimate. C. both a and b
C. Animals were once there to eat the D. none of the above
ferns
5323. What heats the Earth’s oceans?
D. All of the above
A. People
E. Both A and B
B. Boats
5319. Compound found in ocean water that ef-
C. a heater
fects salinity
D. sun
5324. This type of ocean current is driven by

differences in density:
A. Surface Current
B. Rip Current
C. Longshore Current
A. sodium chloride
D. Deep Current
B. sodium
5325. During chemical weathering, what can
C. chlorine
happen to the type of rock that has under-
D. density gone chemical weathering?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 611
A. a mild climate for the British Isles.

B. a harsh winter in the British Isles.

C. a cold-water surface current that
flows to the British Isles.
D. a warm-water surface current that
flows along the coast of California.
5329. Water vapor is the form of water.
A. a new rock is produced that is larger

than the original rock
B. a new rock is produced that is the
same as the original rock
C. a new rock is produced that is different
from the original rock A. solid
D. no new rock is created-it is just smaller B. liquid
in size
C. gaseous
5326. Transpiration is a type of D. none of above
5330. The land around these rivers is known

as the
A. liquidation
B. condensation
C. evaporation
A. tributary
D. precipitation
B. divide
5327. What is the term used to describe the C. water system
energy that moves through the oceans?
D. watershed
A. Current
B. Tide 5331. From where does MOST evaporation oc-
cur on Earth
C. Wave
A. oceans
D. Gyres
B. glaciers
5328. The Gulf Stream carries warm water
to the North Atlantic Ocean, which con- C. groundwater
tributes to D. rivers and lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 612
5332. What causes a valley/gully to form C. Snow and ice

first? D. Lake, pond, swamp
A. earthquake E. River
B. running water 5338. Which ocean floor feature passes
C. landslide through all of the Earth’s oceans?
D. erosion by wind A. the continental slope
B. mid-ocean ridge
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5333. Maritime air masses are
C. abyssal plain
A. cold air masses.
D. the continental shelf
B. dry air masses
5339. Which is not true about salty water?
C. humid air masses.
A. Floats on top of freshwater
D. warm air masses.
B. Higher density
5334. Water falls from the sky in C. It has more molecules than freshwater
A. evaporation D. It sinks at the bottom of a container
B. condensation 5340. A community decides to upgrade its
C. precipitation wastewater treatment and water purifica-
D. none of above tion systems. What lasting impact could
this have on available freshwater?
5335. Water acts as a climate ameliorator A. It could cause a decrease in water de-
through the power absorbed and released mand
during transformation between the differ-
B. it could cause a decrease in the water
ent phases.
levels
A. True C. it could cause an increase in water-
B. False borne disease
C. Cannot be determined D. it could cause an increase in the fresh-
water supply
D. none of above
5341. Briefly describe the overall relationship
5336. Caves being formed by acid rain dissolv-
between temperature and density.
ing underground limestone are examples
of what?
A. Chemical Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Deposition
D. Mechanical Weathering
5337. Who accumulates water in the river wa-

A. Lower temperature water has higher
tershed for more 60 days?
density, warmer water has lower density
A. Rain B. Lower temperature water haslower
B. Groundwater density, warmer water has higher density

1.1 HYDROLOGY 613
5342. If you were walking from the beach into B. Animals

the ocean, what is the order of ocean floor C. Natural gas
features you would experience?

D. Wind
A. Continental shelf, continental slope,
and then continental rise 5347. What is a risk of depleting aquifers lo-
B. Continental slope, continental rise, cated close to the coast?
and then continental shelf A. salt water intrusion
C. Continental rise, continental shelf, and B. mud in wells
then continental slope
C. constant supply of freshwater
D. Continental shelf, continental rise, and
then continental slope
5348. Which of the following make up part of
5343. What is the best reason to have ade-
Earth’s groundwater?
quate space between a septic tank and a
well? A. wetlands
A. contamination of well water with fecal B. rivers
coliform bacteria C. aquifers
B. contamination of the septic tanks with D. lakes
too much fresh water
5349. Tropical seas have a high rate of evapo-
C. there is no real reason for concern
ration. Because of this, the water in trop-
as a septic tank is a concrete box in the
ical seas will have higher what?
ground where water is confined.
A. wave crests
D. none of above
B. amounts of algae
5344. The rise and fall of the water caused by
the gravitational pull of the moon and it’s C. daily temperatures
interactions with the Earth and Sun is D. humidity
A. rivers 5350. This type of weathering occurs when
B. waves rock is physically broken down into
C. currents smaller pieces of rock.
D. tides A. mechanical weathering

B. chemical weathering
5345. Water that is good enough to drink is
called ? C. erosion weathering
A. Ground water D. deposition
B. Surface water 5351. What causes Meteoroids to burst into

C. Potable water flames upon entering the Earth’s Atmo-
sphere?
D. Artesian water
A. They are made out of flammable mate-
5346. Which of the following natural re- rials
sources are nonrenewable? B. They cannot handle the pressure of
A. Water Earth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 614
C. They do not burst into flames, they only

reflect the Sun’s light
D. Friction from the Earths atmosphere
5352. Which is least often used to study the

deep parts of the ocean?
A. Gulf Stream
A. SONAR
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. satellites
C. Surface Current
C. scuba divers
D. Gyre
D. submersibles
5357. Where would you find the lowest salin-
5353. A tidal power plant requires a location ity in the ocean?
with a large difference between high and A. near melting glaciers
low tides. Which of these locations would
B. near areas of little rainfall
be best for a tidal power plant?
C. near areas of high evaporation
A. a basin or narrow channel near the
mouth of a river D. near the equator
B. a straight coastline with few bays or 5358. Which part of a river is usually found on
islands higher ground?
C. a freshwater lake A. mouth
D. the open ocean B. level two stream

C. floodplain
5354. fan-shaped deposit at the mouth of a D. source
stream
5359. The map below provides some informa-
A. Delta
tion aboutthe world’s oceans.Which ques-
B. Oxbow tion can BEST be answered usingthis map?
C. Point Bar
D. Headwater
5355. What is the deepest zone of the ocean

called?
A. Sunlight A. Where are the boundaries of the
B. Twilight world’soceans?
C. Abyss B. What is the density of ocean water in
differentregions of the world?
D. Trench
C. How is the ocean bottom (seabed)
5356. A horizontal movement of ocean water shaped indifferent locations of the world?
that is caused by wind and that occurs at D. How much water is held in each of the
or near the ocean’s surface. world’soceans?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 615
5360. The method assumes that the loss 5366. The start of a river is called the what?
is uniformly distributed across the rainfall
pattern.

A. Green amp model
B. Phillip Method
C. (�)-index method
D. Areal infiltration
5361. Which is the largest ocean?

A. Pacific A. River summit
B. Atlantic B. River source
C. Arctic
C. River start
D. Indian
D. River mouth
5362. rain gauge density for hilly terrain with
heavy rainfall is generally 1 in km2
5367. As you descend to the ocean floor,
A. 520
A. temperature decreases and pressure
B. 500 increases
C. 260
B. temperature increases and pressure
D. 130 decreases
5363. Underwater earthquakes can cause a C. temperature decreases and pressure
decreases
A. tsunami
D. temperature increases and pressure
B. explosion on land increases
C. sea breezes
D. hurricane 5368. Why are people not able to scuba dive
to the deepest parts of the ocean?
5364. dede OLE Faithful in Yellowstone Na-
tional Park is an example of a A. As you go deeper into the ocean,
temperature decreases and pressure in-
A. phreatic geyser creases too much for a body to withstand.
B. Saturation zone
B. As you go deeper into the ocean, tem-
C. Los perature and pressure increase too much
D. none of above for a body to withstand.
5365. What is the function of the ozone layer? C. As you go deeper into the ocean, tem-
perature and pressure decrease too much
A. to allow UV rays to get to Earth
for a body to withstand.
B. to block UV rays from getting to Earth
D. As you go deeper into the ocean,
C. To keep oxygen in temperature increases and pressure in-
D. to allow meteors to get to Earth creases too much for a body to withstand.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 616
5369. A recreational lake experiences eutroph- 5374. These are moving ridges of water on the
ication because of excess nutrients. Based surface of the ocean caused by wind, car-
on this information, how would the recre- rying water and energy.
ational lake most likely appear?
A. ocean waves
A. clear and blue
B. tsunamis
B. oily and greasy
C. ocean currents
C. murky and full of algae
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. orange and rust-colored
5370. An underground formation that contains 5375. Less than one percent of Earth’s is drink-
groundwater able.
A. aquifer A. freshwater
B. currents B. aquifers
C. density C. rivers
D. atmosphere D. intertidal
Explanation:Water is an essential re-
5371. This subsurface topography feature is source for all life on Earth, but only a
usually located at a plate boundary and is small fraction of the planet’s water is ac-
a series of volcanic islands. tually drinkable. Less than one percent of
A. volcanoes Earth’s water is fresh water, and of that,
only a small portion is accessible for hu-
B. seamounts
man consumption.
C. island arc
D. mid-ocean ridge 5376. When do spring tides happen
A. New Moon
5372. The oceans contain almost % of the
Earth’s water. B. Full Moon
A. 3 C. New and Full Moon
B. 66 D. 1st and 3rd Quarters
C. 50
5377. The change between high and low tide
D. 97 does not happen at the same time each
day. Why?
5373. A front is
A. where warm air is cooling at earth’s A. Earth rotates slower than Moon’s rev-
surface olution
B. a line where hot and cold air are sepa- B. Earth rotates faster than Moon’s revo-
rating lution
C. a line where two different air masses C. Moon rotates faster than Earth’s revo-
meet lution
D. where cold air is rising and forming D. Moon rotates faster than Earth’s revo-
rain clouds lution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 617
5378. At which ocean floor feature do you find A. full moon tide
the newest crust? B. new moon tide

A. mid-ocean ridge C. neap tide
B. continental shelf D. spring tide
C. trench
5383. This zone extends from low-tide area
D. abyssal plain out over the continental shelf.
5379. Which of the following is true about sea- A. Open-Ocean Zone
walls? B. Intertidal Zone
A. Seawalls protect coastal areas how- C. Neretic Zone
ever cause erosion
D. Zone Defense
B. Seawalls do not protect coastal areas
however they reduce erosion 5384. Potential or Kinetic energy?waiting at
C. Seawalls protect coastal areas and re- the start line before running a race
duce erosion
D. Seawalls do not protect coastal areas
and they cause erosion
5380. What is the main source of heat energy
for weather on the earth?
A. sun
B. metals A. potential
C. rain B. kinetic
D. snow
5385. Watersheds can consist of smaller sub-
5381. How does temperature and pressure watersheds.
change as a you deeper into the ocean?
A. temperature and pressure both in-
crease
B. temperature increases, but pressure
decreases
C. temperature and pressure both de-
crease
A. true
D. temperature decreases, but pressure
increases B. false
5382. Wha type of tide would this arrange- 5386. What are the materials carried by a
ment of earth-moon-sun create? stream called?
A. Gradient
B. Stream Load
C. Aquifer
D. Pores

1.1 HYDROLOGY 618
5387. Which three factors are most important B. carries cool air to the equator, where
in determining the composition of ocean it warms and sinks, flowing back toward
water? the poles.
A. Salinity, mass, density C. carries hot air to the poles, where it
B. Temperature, salinity density cools and sinks, flowing back toward the
equator.
C. Volume, density, temperature
D. carries hot air to the equator, where it
D. Density, temperature, mass cools and rises, flowing back toward the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
poles.
5388. What is the difference between simple
and complex barrier islands? 5391. Examples of freshwater::
A. brackish and ponds
B. lakes and rivers
C. brackish and rivers
D. oceans and lakes
5392. What is the primary cause of tides?
A. gravitational pull of the moon and sun
A. simple are larger
B. the equator
B. complex are larger and wider
C. deep sea currents
C. complex erode faster
D. rain
D. simple are much older
5393. Why is productivity greatest near the
5389. Which stage in the water cycle happens ocean’s surface?
when liquid water heats up and turns into
A. Sunlight penetrates the top layers
vapor?
of the ocean, so photosynthesis occurs
there.
B. Salinity at all layers of the open ocean
is fairly consistent.
5394. How is the teapot being heated?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. run off
A. condensation
5390. Convection in the atmosphere
B. conduction
A. carries cool air to the poles, where it
warms and rises, flowing back toward the C. convection
equator D. radiation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 619
5395. Four surface currents are represented B. The tidal charts for the month, be-
on the map. Which of the following two cause high tides cool off the beach, caus-
ocean currents are more than likely cold? ing a land breeze at night and a sea breeze

during the day.
C. Day and night temperatures of the
beach and ocean, because the land and
the air above it heats and cools faster than
the water, causing a land breeze at night
and a sea breeze during the day.
D. Day and night temperatures of the
A. Canary and Benguela beach and ocean, because the water and
the air above it heats and cools faster than
B. Gulf Stream and Brazil
the land, causing a land breeze at night
C. Brazil and Canary and a sea breeze during the day.
D. Gulf Stream and Benguela
5399. Your beachtowel drying at the beach is
5396. What the 2 most important processes in an example of
the water cycle? A. Transpiration
A. oxidation and reduction B. Precipitation
B. evaporation and condensation C. Condensation
C. mixing and separating
D. Evaporation
D. rotation and revolution
5400. Which factor is most important in de-
5397. How are watersheds and river basins termining how much groundwater can be
related? stored in underground rock?
A. Many river basins flow into a water- A. rock’s location
shed.
B. rock’s porosity
B. Many watersheds flow into a river
basin. C. rock’s hardness
C. Watersheds and river basins do not re- D. rock’s age

late. 5401. What would happen to Earth if the force
D. Watersheds are the same as river of inertia disappeared?
basins.
A. The Earth would be flung into the Sun
5398. Sarah has been asked by her teacher to because of gravity
investigate the following scientific ques- B. The Earth would float off into space
tion:Why are sea breezes felt during the
C. The Earth would explode
day and land breezes at night? Which of
the following data sources would best help D. The Earth would freeze
Sarah to answer the question and why?
5402. As waves reach the shore, wavelength
A. The tidal charts for the month, be- decreases and wave height increases.
cause high tides cool off the beach, caus-
ing a sea breeze at night and a land breeze A. True
during the day. B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 620
5403. A student was studying the ocean floor 5404. What is the most responsible for the
topography and began to question how presence of groundwater in an area?
pressure and temperature would differ at A. the movement of water from a con-
each feature. What conclusions can she fined aquifer into surface water
(DOK 3) B. movement of surface water and pre-
cipitation through soil and rock
C. the movement of water from streams
and rivers to watersheds
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. the movement of surface water
through impermeable rock
A. Feature F is an ocean trench, the shal- 5405. A student heats salt water in a beaker
lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea- on a hot plate to model how ocean currents
ture G is a continental shelf, the deepest are generated. What is the most impor-
part of the ocean, which has more pres- tant way in which this model fails to accu-
sure than the ocean trench because there rately show how ocean currents are gen-
are more water molecules above it and a erated?
lower temperature because the sun can-
not penetrate its deep waters to warm it. A. oceans have fresh, not salt water
B. oceans are heated from the top, not
B. Feature F is a continental shelf, the
the bottom
shallowest part of the ocean floor, while
Feature G is a deep ocean trench, the C. water in the ocean cannot move up and
deepest part of the ocean, which has more down
pressure than the continental shelf be- D. ocean water is not contained within
cause there are more water molecules something solid
above it and a lower temperature because
the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters 5406. A mixture of gases that surrounds a
to warm it. planet or moon
C. Feature F is an abyssal plain, the shal- A. accumulation
lowest part of the ocean floor, while Fea- B. composition
ture G is a mid-ocean ridge, the deepest
C. hydrosphere
part of the ocean, which has more pres-
sure than the ocean trench because there D. atmosphere
are more water molecules above it and a
5407. What source of energy drives the water
lower temperature because the sun can-
cycle?
not penetrate its deep waters to warm it.
A. sun
D. Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, the
shallowest part of the ocean floor, while B. wind
Feature G is an abyssal plain, the deepest C. rain
part of the ocean, which has more pres- D. cold air
sure than the continental shelf because
there are more water molecules above it 5408. A lava lamp contains colored liquids.
and a lower temperature because the sun These liquids form globs that break off and
cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm rise to the top of the liquid. The globs rise
it. due to

1.1 HYDROLOGY 621
A. conduction C. A D
B. radiation D. B C

C. convection 5413. If a body of water has high turbidity lev-
D. none of above els, what can most likely be concluded?
5409. In temperate oceans, primary productiv- A. It has a low pH

ity is limited by B. It is unsafe to drink
A. nutrients and oxygen concentration C. It is too hot to drink
B. nutrients and water temperature D. It contains lots of chemicals
C. sunlight and oxygen concentration 5414. All of the water we see in lakes, rivers,
D. sunlight and nutrients and oceans is called
5410. What percent of the Earth is covered in

water?
A. 45
B. 71
C. 97
D. 3
5411. A hydrograph is A. runoff

A. a graph showing stage, velocity, or B. surface water
other properties of water flow with re- C. ground water
spect to time.
D. none of above
B. a graph showing velocity, or other
properties of water flow with respect to 5415. Which of the following areas in the
time. ocean is likely to have the lowest salinity?
C. a graph showing stage, discharge, ve- A. a warm, tropical sea
locity, or other properties of water flow
B. the cold Arctic Ocean
with respect to time
C. a bay at the mouth of a big river
D. none of above
D. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
5412. In the above diagram, where is low tide
occurring? 5416. is the process by which water
changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor
is the primary pathway that water moves
from the liquid state back into the water
cycle as atmospheric water
A. Transpiration
B. Deposition
A. A B C. Percolation
B. C D D. Evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 622
5417. There are many bodies of water in or 5421. Which of the 2 fresh water locations are
next to Georgia, including Lake Lanier available for humans to access (to get to
and the Atlantic Ocean. What is MOST for use)?
LIKELY a difference between the water in A. Surface water and shallow ground wa-
Lake Lanier and the water in the Atlantic ter
Ocean?
B. Fresh water and clean water
A. The water in Lake Lanier is always
much colder than the water in the Atlantic C. Glaciers and ice caps
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Ocean. D. none of above
B. The water in the Atlantic Ocean is part 5422. Evaporation of water from the surface
of the water cycle, but the water in Lake and rain is known as
Lanier is not.
A. Science
C. The water in Lake Lanier comes from
rivers, while the water in the Atlantic B. Plants
Ocean comes from rain. C. Infiltration
D. The water in the Atlantic Ocean con- D. The hydrological cycle
tains more dissolved minerals than the
water in Lake Lanier. 5423. Which of the following drives the water
cycle?
5418. Chemical weathering changes A. Wind
A. the shape AND the composition of B. Temperature
rocks.
C. Sun
B. the shape BUT NOT the composition of D. Salinity
rocks.
C. the composition BUT NOT the shape of 5424. Most of the Earth’s water is in
rocks.
D. NEITHER the shape NOR the composi-
tion of rocks.
5419. Which best describes the process by

which water from the ocean enters the at-
mosphere?
A. evaporation
B. precipitation A. salty oceans
B. freshwater lakes
5420. Where is the majority of our freshwater
located? C. freshwater ponds
A. Groundwater D. glaciers
B. icebergs, ice caps, glaciers 5425. Surface currents are caused by
C. Rivers/lakes A. wind
D. none of above B. waves

1.1 HYDROLOGY 623
5426. line joining places with same a.a.r. is 5430. What is most likely to happen to the wa-
called ter in a glass if it is left outside in the Sun?
A. boiling

A. isothermal
B. isocline B. condensation
C. isohyet C. evaporation
D. isohaline D. melting
5431. The land area drained by a stream sys-
5427. The extends from the edge of the
tem
continental shelf down to the ocean floor.
A. groundwater
A. abyssal plain
B. watershed
C. water cycle
C. mid-ocean ridge
D. water table
D. trench
5432. Non point source pollution comes from
5428. Wetlands are important because many sources.
A. they help filter water of toxins and ex- A. True
cess nutrients B. False
B. they support many species
5433. percentage of the earth’s water that is
C. they protect areas from floods in the oceans and is salt water
D. all of these choices A. 0.975
5429. Melinda learned that days in some sea- B. 0.965

sons have more daylight hours than in C. 0.95
other seasons. Whichseason receives the D. 0.987
MOST hours of sunlight in the Northern
Hemisphere? 5434. Select the two stages of the water cy-
cle where liquid water will be transformed
into a gas.
A. Condensation
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation
D. Infiltration
E. Evaporation
5435. Which best describes the process in this
picture?
A. Fall
B. Spring
C. Summer
D. Winter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 624
A. Upwelling A. Zone of Aeration

B. Downwelling B. Zone of Saturation
C. Neap Tides C. Water Table
D. Density Currents D. Impermeable Bedrock
5436. The bottom of an aquifer is made by a 5441. . The flat area of the ocean basin is
rock that is to water. called the
A. Ocean floor
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Permeable
B. The Abyss
B. Impermeable
C. Continental rise
5437. What does transpiration mean?
D. Abyssal Plain
the air cools and becomes liquid water 5442. You are stranded at a large body of wa-
ter, but you are unsure what type. You
B. the process by which liquid water notice that the water level increases and
changes to water vapor decreases twice each day. Based on what
C. the evaporation of water from plants you know about water on earth and it’s be-
D. any form of water that falls from haviors, you would infer you are stranded
clouds to Earth’s surface near a
A. lake
5438. Movement and filtering of fluid from
B. large river
porous material is called as
C. sea
A. Percolation
D. ocean
B. Infiltration
C. Precipitation 5443. what is a stationary front?
A. cool and clear weather
D. Transpiration
B. warm and clear weather
5439. The effect of Earth’s rotation on the di- C. days of clouds and precipitation
rection of winds and currents is known as
D. large amounts of snow or rain with
A. a current. cooler temperatures
B. deflection.
5444. A rural, forested area receives a lot of
C. an upwelling. rain in a short amount of time. What
D. the Coriolis effect. would most likely cause potential flooding
in the area? (EEn 2.4.1)
A. if the area has a large uncharged
section represent?
aquifer beneath it
B. if the water level in the area is below
the zone of saturation
C. if the ground of the area is already sat-
urated with water
D. if the ground of the area is mostly
sandy soil

1.1 HYDROLOGY 625
5445. At the seashore late in the afternoon on B. Near the equator where more evapo-
a hot, sunny day, a person often feels a ration is taking place.
strong breeze coming in from the ocean.

C. at the Mississippi delta
Which of the following is the reason for
the breeze? D. near Alaska in springtime when the
snow is melting
A. The pounding waves generate air cur-
rents. 5450. Which of the following are agents of
erosion?
B. The ware air over the ocean rushes in
to replace the cool air that rises over the A. gravity
land. B. water
C. The heavy, cool air over the ocean C. wind
rushes in to replace the warm air that
D. all of the above
rises over the land.
D. There are no clouds to block the wind 5451. Many houses/ towns use water from
coming in from the ocean. wells for drinking. How does water get
into wells?
5446. A natural land area that is wet for a por- A. it has to be poured into them from wa-
tion of the year is known as ter tanks
A. ocean B. rain sinks down through the soil into
B. lake them
C. wetland C. it is pumped by large engines into the
well
D. estuary
D. it evaporates from inside the Earth
5447. 97% of Earth’s water is salt water
found in 5452. Which process helps maintain the salin-
ity of the ocean eventhough freshwater is
A. oceans and lakes continually entering the ocean?
B. salt lakes and rivers A. precipitation
C. oceans and salt lakes (seas) B. condensation
D. lakes and rivers C. evaporation
5448. What is precipitation? D. infiltration
A. Sweat from our bodies on hot days 5453. Which does an increase in eutrophica-
B. Warm rain but not cold snow or sleet tion indicate to scientists studying a body
of water?
C. Gas that we use in furnaces or ovens
A. an increase in fertilizer runoff
D. Any form of water that falls from the
B. a decrease in pollutants from farm
sky
runoff
5449. Which of the following areas in the C. an increase in the health of the body of
ocean is likely to have the greatest salin- water
ity? D. an increase in oxygen levels in the
A. at an area receiving a heavy rainfall body of water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 626
5454. What effect does the water cycle have C. Continental Rise
on the total amount of water on Earth?
D. Shoreline
A. The total amount of water on Earth is
constantly increasing. 5458. Why is Earth often called the ‘Blue
B. The total amount of water on Earth is Planet’?
constantly decreasing.
C. The total amount of water on Earth re-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
mains relatively constant.
D. The total amount of water on Earth
changes due to periods of global warming
and cooling
Explanation:The water cycle includes all
of the water on Earth? The total amount A. Most of Earth is covered in land.
of water on Earth remains relatively con-
stant (the same) unless astonauts take it B. Earth’s sky causes it to appear blue.
into space. C. Most of Earth is covered in water.
5455. the ability of water to move through D. The blue color of space causes it to ap-
something pear blue.
A. evaporation
5459. What are seamounts?
B. porosity
A. ocean floor features protrude above
C. surface water sea level
D. permeability
B. deep underwater valleys
5456. The tightness across the surface of wa- C. long, underwater mountain chains
ter that is caused by the polar molecules
pulling on one another. D. Underwater volcanic mountains
A. capillary action 5460. What that is not salty and has little to
B. surface tension no taste, color, or smell.
C. specific heat A. Groundwater
D. adhesion B. Fresh water
5457. A shallow sloped area (labeled “D”) C. Salt Water
connecting the ocean basin to the continen- D. Permeable Water
tal slope.
5461. Surface currents are caused by what?
A. Global Winds
B. Earth’s Rotation & Convection Cur-
rents
A. Continental Shelf C. Density
B. Continental Slope D. All of the above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 627
5462. underground layer of rock, sand, or B. 5

earth that contains water or allows water
C. 10
to pass through it

A. aquifer D. 2.8
B. watershed 5467. In which environment would you be

C. river basin LEAST likely to find a fossil?
D. semipermeable layers

most responsible for driving the water cy-
cle?
A. Geothermal energy deep within the
Earth heats water so condensation can oc-
cur. A. Amber
B. Sunlight heats up Earth’s surface wa- B. Tar
ter causing energy to be absorbed and C. Ice
evaporation to occur.
D. Volcanic ash
C. Geothermal energy deep within the
Earth heats water so evaporation can oc- E. Metamorphic rock
cur.
5468. How could a long-term decrease in pre-
D. Sunlight heats up Earth’s surface wa-
ter causing energy to be released and
evaporation to occur. A. It could increase the average water
level of lakes in the area.
5464. the transfer of heat by the circulation
(or movement) of a liquid or gas B. It could increase the amount of flood-
ing in the area.
A. aquifer
C. It could decrease the amount of possi-
B. density
ble infiltration in the area.
C. salinity
D. It could decrease the possible amount
D. convection of damage to crops in the area.
5465. the area where all pores in the rock are
5469. If there’s warm water off South Amer-
filled with water meaning the aquifer is
ica, which of the following is true?
full
A. water table A. It’s El Nino; Texas will have a wet win-
ter
B. zone of saturation
B. It’s La Nina; Texas will have a wet win-
C. Artesian wells
ter
D. none of above
C. It’s El Nino; Texas will have a dry win-
5466. Approximately % of water on Earth ter
is fresh water. D. It’s La Nina; Texas will have a dry win-
A. 1 ter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 628
5470. What is the biggest source of water pol- 5474. Transformation of water from liquid to
lution? gas.
A. Mining A. Precipitation
B. Urban run-off B. Evaporation
C. Sewage C. Condensation
D. Sublimation
D. Agriculture
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5475. Deep currents move and mix water
5471. In which two layers of the atmosphere around the world. They carry cold water
does temperature increase as altitude in- from the poles toward the equator.
creases?
A. True
B. False
5476. What is B?
A. The mesosphere and stratosphere A. Solid

B. The stratosphere and thermosphere B. Liquid
C. The thermosphere and troposphere C. Gas
D. The troposphere and mesosphere D. none of above
5477. The Water Cycle shows:

5472. What percentage of all water on Earth
is found in lakes, rivers, swamps, icecaps,
glaciers, and groundwater?
A. 3%
B. 1%
C. 97%
D. 70%
A. how water travels on land into ground-
5473. is stored in the spaces between soil water
and rock beneath the Earth’s surface. B. how water is constantly ‘cycling’ from
A. Groundwater one location to another
C. shows how water molecules stay in
B. Ice
their current form over time
C. Salt water
D. describes how water is always two hy-
D. Runoff drogen and one oxygen (H2O)

1.1 HYDROLOGY 629
5478. How often do spring tides occur? falls. Which would be MOST useful in pre-
A. once every lunar month dicting the type of precipitation that will
fall?

B. once a year
A. whether the precipitation occurs over
C. twice a lunar month land or ocean
D. 4 times every lunar month B. the air pressure measurement in the
precipitation area
5479. The Jesus Lizard is a great example of
C. the number of droplets in the clouds in
the precipitation area
A. Surface Tension
D. how the temperature changes be-
B. Cohesion
tween the surface and the clouds
C. Heat Capacity
5483. A stream has a , which is the land
area whose water drains into the stream’s
5480. A collection of water underground that system.
can be extracted and used. HINT:provides A. Watershed
water to springs & wells B. Zone of Saturation
A. aquifer C. Water Table
B. basin D. Aquifers
C. wetland E. Permeability
D. swamp
5484. What is the term for the maximum dis-
5481. Which of the following structure is a recharge of a river at a particular point in
sult of a stream dumping its load on to a time?
valley floor as shown in the picture. A. Baseflow
B. Throughflow
C. Peak flow
D. River flow
5485. The ability of a liquid to flow through a

substance is:
A. Porosity
A. Delta
B. Permeability
B. Stream
C. Alluvial fan 5486. Which numbers represent where high
tides occur?
D. River
5482. A class created the following diagram

of the water cycle to show how the parts
of thewater cycle work together as a
whole. The students want to add informa-
tion about the type of precipitation that A. 1 and 2

1.1 HYDROLOGY 630
B. 2 and 3 5491. What part of the water cycle does the

picture represent?
C. 1 and 3
D. 2 and 4
5487. How do conditions change as the depth

of the ocean water increases?
A. temperature decreases and pressure
NARAYAN CHANGDER
increases
B. temperature increases and pressure
increases A. Runoff
C. temperature decreases and pressure B. Condensation
decreases
C. Infiltration
D. temperature increases and pressure D. Evaporation
decreases
5492. A metal statue slowly turning green af-
5488. What is the largest species of dolphin? ter years of being outside is an example
A. Bottlenose Dolphin of:
B. Amazon River Dolphin A. mechanical weathering
C. Orca B. chemical weathering
D. Spinner Dolphin 5493. True or false:If water is used faster than

it is replaced, a well will always produce
5489. There is about 2% of the Earth’s fresh- more water.
water frozen in icebergs.
A. True
A. True
B. False
B. False
5494. What is letter D
5490. As the revolves around the Earth
and Earth rotates, the tidal bulge moves
around the Earth.
A. Mid ocean ridge

C. abyssal plain
D. Trench
A. sun
5495. How is the sun the major source of en-
B. ocean
ergy in the water cycle?
C. Earth
A. It provides the energy to condense at-
D. moon mospheric water vapor into rain.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 631
B. It provides the energy to create winds 5500. Two factors that affect the salinity of
that blow air masses across the Earth. ocean water are

C. It provides the energy to evaporate A. density and light.
water on Earth into the atmosphere.
B. density and energy
D. It provides the energy needed for wa-
C. density and chemicals
ter to be transported downhill from rivers.
D. density and temperature
5496. What feature is pictured?
5501. Cause of deep ocean currents
A. oxbow lake A. Differences in Density caused by tem-

perature and salinity
B. braided river
B. Wind blowing across the surface of the
C. U-shaped valley
ocean
D. landslide
C. Volcanic Activity
5497. Which of the following are the types of D. Gravity
glaciers?
A. Mountain Glaciers 5502. Which is the correct statement regard-
ing estuaries?
B. Piedmont Glaciers
A. it supplies fresh water to lakes
C. Continental Glaciers
B. it supplies all of the minerals that make
D. Alpine Glaciers ocean water salty
E. Island Glaciers
C. it prevents salt water from entering a
5498. A liquid turning into a gas. river
A. Evaporation D. it acts as a filtering system to remove

some pollutants from water runoff
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation 5503. Which statement best describes how en-
ergy transfer within Earth’s atmosphere
D. Sublimation
can affect a weather condition?
5499. which shape produces less runoff A. During convection, warm air rises and
A. nose shape cool air falls which affects the amount of
precipitation
B. convex linear shape
B. During radiation, electromagnetic
C. anti-shape waves transfer heat and light energy
D. c-shape which affects the air temperature.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 632
C. During radiation, objects directly A. The Hydrogen

transfer heat to each other which affects B. The Oxygen
the air temperature
C. The Left
D. During convection, electromagnetic
D. The Right
waves transfer heat and light energy
which affects the amount of precipitation. 5508. The process by which water goes from
gas to liquid is known as?
5504. oxygen reacting with iron is called
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and produces
A. oxidation; rust
B. oxidation; pollution
C. carbon dioxide; erosion
D. sulfuric acid A. Evaporation
5505. If water was heated in an experiment B. Condensation
by a hot plate to model the water cycle, C. Precipitation
the hot plate represents:
D. Filtration
A. the wind
5509. What is the term used to describe
B. the moon the amount of dissolved salts in a given
C. the sun amount of liquid?
D. none of above A. density
5506. Which is MOST responsible for distribut- B. the water cycle

ing heat energy throughout ocean waters? C. salinity
A. currents in ocean waters D. evaporation
B. movement of tectonic plates beneath 5510. What is capillarity?
the ocean
A. When water cannot infiltrate a sub-
C. thermal vents on the ocean floor stance
D. changes in landscape (topography) B. Water being held onto by rock or sedi-
along the ocean floor ment
5507. Which part of a water molecule has a C. The ability of water to move upward
Negative Charge? against gravity in a material
D. The percentage of empty space in a
material
5511. What is the structure in the photo that
can be found at the terminal end of a beach
to slow erosion?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 633
A. groin 5517. Which letter represents the Continental

Shelf?
B. seawall

C. breakwater
D. inlet
5512. Oceans move heat from one place to an-

other by A. A
A. currents B. B
B. moderation C. C
C. ships D. D
D. satellite 5518. Which describes the hydrosphere?

A. all of Earth’s organisms and the envi-
5513. synonyms of rain gauge ronments in which they live
A. ombrometer B. a layer of Earth’s atmosphere made up
B. pluviometer primarily of concentrated ozone
C. hyetometer C. all of the water in Earth’s oceans,
lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers, plus the
D. all of these water in the atmosphere
5514. is the movement of energy through D. none of above
a body of water. 5519. What type of tide would this arrange-
A. wave ment of earth-moon-sun create?
B. tide
C. current
D. wind
5515. Which process is the change of water va-

por to liquid water? A. Neap Tide
B. Spring Tide
A. condensation
C. High Tide
B. evaporation
D. Low Tide
C. transpiration
5520. The continuous movement of water
D. infiltration
from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere
5516. This gas makes up 21% of the atmo- and back again.
sphere
A. ozone
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. water vapor

1.1 HYDROLOGY 634
A. water cycle 5526. Which best describes the characteristics

B. weather of a river basin?
C. rock cycle A. the land drained by a river and its trib-

utaries
D. none of above
B. the land formed when rivers create es-
5521. What determines whether a surface cur- tuaries and marshes
rent is a cold current or warm current? C. the land at the mouth of a river where
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. where the current begins water flows into the ocean
B. when the currents begin D. the land formed as a result of a river
C. how the long the currents flow flooding
D. none of the above 5527. Where in a meandering stream does the

most deposition occur?
5522. The combined force of attraction among
water molecules and with the molecules of A. On the straight part of the stream
surrounding materials. (think straw) B. On the inside of a curve
A. surface tension C. On the outside of a curve
B. capillary action D. On the bottom of the stream
C. cohesion
5528. From the ground to outer space, what
D. specific heat are the layers of the atmosphere?
5523. Which of the following contains MOST A. Troposphere, Thermosphere, Strato-
of the world’s fresh water supply? sphere, Mesosphere
A. Glaciers B. Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Meso-
sphere, Troposphere
B. Groundwater
C. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Meso-
C. Oceans
sphere, Thermosphere
D. Rivers
D. Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Strato-
5524. What is the largest watershed in North sphere, Troposphere
America?
5529. What is the percentage of the earth’s
A. Sacramento Delta water that is fresh water?
B. Hudson Bay A. 10%
C. Great Lakes B. 30%
D. Mississippi River C. 70%
5525. Well that goes down to confined aquifer D. 50%
and doesn’t require pumping
5530. Which is the primary cause of surface
A. artesian well winds on Earth?
B. unconfined well A. Unequal heating of the Earth
C. master well B. Deflection in prevailing winds caused
D. ultra deep well by the coriolis effect.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 635
C. Rotational speeds of Earth’s surface at

various latitudes.

D. none of above
5531. Scientists have found strange new life-

forms called “tubeworms” on the deep A. Valley and Ridge
ocean bottom. Which most likely provides
energy for the tubeworms? B. Blue Ridge Mountains
C. Appalachian Plateau
A. algae
D. Coastal Plain
B. small fish
C. photosynthesis 5536. An area of land that drains into a body
of water.
D. hydrothermal vents
A. mouth
5532. What causes wind? B. point-source pollution
A. the differences in the air pressure C. watershed
B. an effect where it causes the Earth to D. headwaters
have a curved path of wind because of
5537. gradually sloping end of a continent that
Earth’s rotation
extends under the ocean
C. They are all caused by low pressure A. continental shelf
D. The tides and the lunar phases B. continental slope
5533. Movements of ocean water in a contin- C. abyssal plains

uous flow are called? D. none of above
A. ocean currents 5538. Which of the following describes a way
B. global winds a water cycle model can best be used?
C. air mass A. It can be used to study the effects of
climate change on water resources.
D. front
B. It can be used to study the entire wa-
5534. MOST waves form from ter system on a manageable scale.
C. It can be used to determine which ar-
A. tectonic plates move & transfer energy
eas will receive rain in a particular time
to water
frame.
B. the Moon and Sun’s gravity
D. It can be used to determine the cur-
C. wind transferring energy to the ocean rent amount of freshwater available for-
surface Consumption.
D. marine animals swim and transfer en- 5539. The Coriolis Effect causes wind and sur-
ergy to water face currents to move in
5535. The Fall Line is the natural border be- A. random paths
tween the Piedmont and the regions. B. straight paths

1.1 HYDROLOGY 636
C. S shaped paths 5545. This is the zone between high-tide and

D. curved paths low-tide (literally means between tides)
A. Twilight Zone
5540. pull swimmers out to sea.
A. Waves B. Neretic Zone
B. Rip Currents C. Open-ocean Zone
5541. What is an aquifer? D. Intertidal Zone
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. An area where salt and fresh water 5546. How does water move below the sur-
mix face of ocean?
B. a natural system linking living and non-
living things together
C. a region of high ground, and water
flows down from each side into different
drainage basins
D. an underground layer of porous rock
5542. The table lists a weather condition,
its effects, and the safety measures rec- A. Deep Currents
ommended during the weather condition. B. Waves
Which weather condition is described?
C. Whales Splashing
D. none of above
5547. Juan is looking at a globe/ world map

and he wonders where water on Earth is
A. earthquake found naturally as a solid, a liquid, and a
B. hurricane gas. Where should Juan look on the globe/
C. thunderstorm world map of where is MOST of the solid
water on Earth found?
D. tornado
5543. Evaporation of water from the leaves of
a plant
A. precipitation
B. accumulation
C. evaporation
D. transpiration
5544. What is the source of most wave’s en-
ergy and motion/
A. Earth’s gravity A. Deep in Earth’s mantle
B. wind B. In Earth’s polar regions

C. Earth’s rotation C. In the outer atmosphere
D. the moon’s gravity D. At the bottom of the ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 637
5548. Which New York State landscape region 5553. Washing a full load of laundry is wa-
is mostly composed of horizontal sedimen- ter.
tary bedrock at high elevations?

A. conserving
A. Hudson Highlands B. wasting
B. Allegheny Plateau
C. purifying
C. Taconic Mountains
D. dirtying
D. Atlantic Coastal Plain
5554. Which is the best example of heat trans-
5549. Which tides are known as strong tides? fer by convection?
A. frying bacon in a pan
B. sea breeze at the beach
C. melting ice in your hand
D. burning your finger on the stove
5555. Attractions between the negative Oxy-

gen atom of one water molecule and the
positive Hydrogen atom of another water
A. Spring molecule are called
B. Neap
5550. What happens to salinity as water

depth INCREASES?
A. It stays the same.
B. It decreases.
C. It increases.
D. It doesn’t change
5551. What is condensation?

A. Covalent bonds
A. The process of water turning into ice
B. Ionic bonds
B. The process of water turning into va-
C. Polar bonds
por
D. Hydrogen bonds
C. The process of water turning into gas
D. The process of water turning into liq- 5556. Most of Earth’s FRESH water is found in
uid
A. huge masses of ice near the North and
5552. a tide just after the first or third quar-
South Poles
ters of the moon when there is the least
difference between high and low water = B. cracks and spaces in underground soil
spring tide and rock
A. True C. the oceans
B. False D. rivers and lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 638
5557. Not the area of sediment production;

not the point of sediment accumulation.
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Indian Ocean
5562. The amount of space between the parti-

A. Zone 1-Sediment Production Zone cles is called
B. Zone 2-Sediment Transport Zone A. porosity
C. Zone 3-Sediment Deposition Zone B. permeability
D. none of above C. precipitation

D. infiltration
5558. The formula for calculating water bal-
ance is 5563. Which letter represents a seamount?
A. Water harvesting reduces water us-
age
B. Water usage minus water harvesting
C. Water use plus water harvesting
D. Water usage divided by water harvest-
A. A
ing
B. B
5559. Determines how much water can be C. D
stored in the rock.
D. G
A. Porosity
5564. Evaporation and transpiration are two
B. Permeability
processes included in the water cycle. The
C. Capillarity energy source that drives these processes
D. Settling Rate is
A. the burning of fossil fuels.
5560. Most water pollution is the result of
B. the Sun.
A. natural processes
C. convection within Earth’s mantle.
B. animal waste
D. nuclear fission.
C. human activities
5565. What will most likely happen if the hu-
D. acid rain
man population continues to grow at cur-
5561. Which ocean is home to the 4 whales; rent rates?
belugas, grey whale, narwhale and the A. There will be fewer natural resources
blue whale? available for future generations.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 639
B. There will be an increase in nitrogen 5570. If the amount of water inside the con-
levels in the atmosphere. tainer was measured at the beginning and
then again at the end of our water cycle

C. There will be a decrease in water pol-
lution. experiment, which of the following would
best describe what occurred?
D. There will be an increase in the num-
ber of strong hurricanes
5566. Which of the following is not a correct

statement about wells?
A. water table wells are drilled in uncon-
fined aquifers
B. . artesian wells are drilled in confined
aquifers below the water table
C. . flowing artesian wells are drilled in
confined aquifers below the water table
D. artesian wells are drilled in confined
aquifers above the water table
5567. Which of the following types of water A. The beginning and ending amounts of
would SINK the fastest? water in the container would be equal
A. warm and salty because the water that evaporated in-
B. cold and salty
back as precipitation, which decreased
C. warm and fresh the water level again.
D. cold and fresh
B. The beginning and ending amounts of
5568. How much of water on Earth is FRESH water in the container would be equal
SURFACE water? because the water that evaporated de-
A. 0.3% back as precipitation, which increased the
B. 3% water level again.
C. 97% C. The beginning amount of water in the
D. 30% container would be more than the ending
5569. Why is the sun important to the water the process of condensation increases the
cycle? water level.
A. The sun provides electricity for the wa-
ter to flow to earth. D. The beginning amount of water in the
container would be less than the ending
B. The sun provides Earth with light and amount of water in the container because
heat energy to make the cycle work. the water evaporated, decreasing the wa-
C. The plays no role in the water cycle. ter level.
D. The sun creates runoff for the water
cycle to begin. 5571. What ocean is represented by letter D?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 640
A. Southern A. Sand Dune Vegetation Anchoring
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Atlantic B. Beach Nourishment
C. Pacific 5575. As depth increases
D. Arctic A. Things become shallow
5572. What type of heat transfer occurs when B. temperature decreases, pressure in-
heat energy travels from the SUN to the creases, and light decreases
EARTH? C. It is more salty
A. radiation D. An Ocean Current
B. convection
5576. There are 3 types of heat transfer.
C. conduction Which type of heat transfer happens when
D. boiling you touch a hot stove and get burned?
A. convection
5573. Which best explains why the Gulf
Stream tends to bring warmer air to the B. radiation
east coast of Florida? C. conduction
D. density
5577. When liquid water changes into water

vapor
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
A. The Gulf Stream brings water from the D. Saturated
equator
B. The Gulf Stream is the result of the 5578. The ozone layer is a sublayer of the
Earth’s Rotation layer.
C. The Gulf Stream changes direction A. Troposphere

each year B. Stratosphere
D. . The Gulf Stream is a deep ocean cur- C. Exosphere
rent D. Mesosphere
5574. A process by which sand from other 5579. Wind causes this movement
places (namely further out on the continen-
tal shelf) where it is dredged and brought A. currents
to the beaches. B. tides

1.1 HYDROLOGY 641
C. waves 5584. The diagram shows the distribution of

water on the Earth. Based on the diagram,
D. none of above
which is true?

5580. The following recording rain gauges do
not produce the mass curve of precipita-
tion as recorded:
A. Symons’ rain gauge
B. tipping-bucket type gauge
C. weighing-bucket type gauge
D. natural siphon gauge
5581. a measure of the amount ofdissolved

A. Most of Earth’s water is fresh water.
salts in water
B. Most of Earth’s fresh water is con-
A. aquifer tained in glaciers and ground water.
B. evaporation C. Most of Earth’s water is contained in
C. tides glaciers.
D. salinity D. Most of Earth’s fresh water is con-

tained in the oceans.
5582. An ocean current flowing from the south 5585. The horizontal distance between crests
pole to the equator is most likely a is the
A. warm current
B. cold current
5583. The city of Surprise, Arizona converts

raw sewage into reclaimed water through
filtering and disinfection. Most of Sur-
prise’s reclaimed water is use for agricul-
tural irrigation, dus control, and recharg- A. wavelength
ing the aquifer. Approximately 3.2 million B. frequency
gallons per day are reused. What is one C. wave height
environmental benefit of reclaiming waste
water? D. none of above
A. It reduces the demand for ground wa- 5586. While visiting the beach during summer
ter vacation, a sea breeze keeps you cool and
comfortable during the hottest part of the
B. it is less expensive than purified day. Which best explains why this hap-
ground water pens?
C. it keeps golf courses and landscape A. warm air rises over the land allows
grasses green cooler air from the ocean to blow inland
D. it can b used during water restrictions B. there are similarities in temperature
in a drought. between the land and the water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 642
C. cool air rising over land allows warm C. Water

air from the ocean to blow inland D. Precipitation
D. a thunderstorm is approaching
5591. Where in the ocean is the water the
5587. How many total tides happen in a day? least dense?
A. 4 A. In the bottom of the ocean.
B. 2 B. On the top of the ocean, near the sur-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 6 face.
D. 8 C. In the middle of the ocean.
5588. The higher the salt content in the ocean D. All of the water is less dense
the dense the water will be.
5592. Which would result in more runoff and
A. less stream discharge?
B. more
A. an area with plants and trees
C. nothing happens
B. a bare area
D. none of above
C. ground that is saturated
5589. Eric & Aria are designing an experiment D. ground that is unsaturated
that shows the water cycle. Which of the
following procedures could best be used to 5593. After precipitation falls to the ground, it
demonstrate the difference between con- gets absorbed and funneled into streams,
densation and evaporation? rivers, ocean, etc. When this water is trav-
A. To show condensation, you would in- elling BELOW ground, what is it called?
crease the temperature; to show evapo- A. runoff
ration, you would decrease the tempera-
ture. B. infiltration
B. To show condensation, you must de- C. precipitation

crease the temperature within the cycle; D. groundwater
to show evaporation, you must increase
the temperature. 5594. What starts the water cycle
C. To show condensation, you add energy A. Evaporation
to change liquid water into water vapor; B. Condensation
to show evaporation, you add energy to
change water vapor into a liquid. C. Water
D. To show condensation, you add energy D. Sun
to change water vapor into liquid water;
to show evaporation, you add energy to 5595. At which ocean feature would the great-
change liquid water into water vapor. est amount of water pressure be exerted?
5590. Water droplets left on your water bot-
tle is called. B. continental slope
A. Condensation C. abyssal plain
B. Cloud Formation D. trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 643
5596. movement of ocean water far BELOW 5601. Where do the ends of most rivers go?
the ocean’s surface
A. Deserts

A. surface currents
B. Mountains
B. deep currents
C. Lakes
C. high tide
D. Oceans
D. low tide
5602. What is the name of the warm ocean
5597. Any form of water that falls from clouds current that flows along the east coast of
and reaches Earth’s surface as rain, snow, the US?
sleet, or hail is called
B. Gulf Stream Current
C. Labrador Current
D. North Pacific Current
5603. Which set of labels below accurately

identifies the zones that are shown?
A. 1-groundwater zone; 2-unsaturated
A. surface water
zone; 3-water table; 4-surface water
B. precipitation
B. 1-unsaturated zone; 2-surface water;
C. ground water 3-groundwater zone; 4-water table
D. runoff C. 1-water table; 2-surface water; 3-
groundwater zone; 4-unsaturated zone
5598. Septic processing plant
D. 1-unsaturated zone; 2-groundwater
A. Point zone; 3-water table; 4-surface water
B. Non-Point
5599. The zone, immediately below the land A. differences in density
surface, contains water and air in the open
spaces, or pores. B. wind
A. Unsaturated Zone C. Coriolis effect
B. Saturated Zone D. gravitational pull of the moon
5600. What time of year are tornadoes most 5605. What is the name for the distance from
likely to occur? the crest of one wave to the crest of the
next?
A. in the spring time and early summer-
time (April-June) A. wave stream
B. spring and fall B. wave height
C. fall and winter C. Wavelength
D. spring and winter D. wave tree

1.1 HYDROLOGY 644
5606. Near which location would the salinity D. Letters A and C indicate high tides,
of ocean water be the greatest? where the tidal bulges would occur be-
A. the Mississippi River cause of the gravitational pull between
B. the North Pole
C. the Gulf of Mexico 5610. the release of water vapor to the atmo-
D. the Niagara Falls sphere by plant leaves
A. evaporation
5607. What is a major disadvantage of beach
NARAYAN CHANGDER
nourishment? B. condensation
A. It creates water pollution C. precipitation
B. It is only a short term solution D. transpiration
C. It causes beach erosion
5611. The term describing underground layers
D. It can cause flooding of rock or sediment which transmit ground-
5608. Groundwater collects because water is called what?
causes rainwater to sink into the soil. A. Saturated Zone
A. gravity B. Influent Streams
B. drains C. Aquicludes
C. bedrock D. Aquifers
D. none of above
5612. Increasing saltwater intrusion is becom-
5609. Refer to the diagram above. High and ing an important strategy for North Car-
low tides occur twice daily at regular inter- olinians to increase freshwater supplies.
cates where high tide is occurring and best A. TRUE
explains why? B. FALSE
5613. What process transforms the water va-

por in the atmosphere to the liquid water
in a cloud?
A. Letters B and D indicate high tides,

B. Letters A and B indicate high tides,
the oceans. A. evaporation
C. Letters C and D indicate high tides, B. precipitation
C. condensation
the Earth and the moon. D. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 645
5614. Which of the following statements is C. Coriolis effect

true concerning groundwater and surface D. Sea animals make new salt
water?

A. if there is more groundwater stored 5618. The solvent properties of water prevent
beneath the surface then the amount of the uptake of vital nutrients from the soil
surface water is likely to increase and into plants; this then allows the trans-
fer of the nutrients within a plant’s struc-
B. if there is more groundwater stored ture.
beneath the surface then the amount of
surface water is likely to decrease A. True
C. if there is less groundwater stored be- B. False
neath the surface then the amount of sur- C. Cannot be determined
face water is likely to increase
D. none of above
D. there is no connection between
groundwater and surfacewater 5619. Differences in water temperature create
movement in the Ocean because
5615. What do we call a mountain that is com-
A. bodies of water at different tempera-
pletely underwater?
ture have different densities.
A. Volcanic Island
B. warm water is pulled more by the
B. Seamount force of gravity then cold water is.
C. Trench C. warm and cold water mix until they
D. Slope reach the same temperature.
D. The ocean just likes to “move-it move-
5616. What would happen if the Sun is re-
it”.
moved from the water cycle?
A. The water cycle would not include pre- 5620. What changes the Coastline?
cipitation but would continue with ground- A. Waves
water flow.
B. Weathering and abrasion
B. The water cycle would no longer occur
because the Sun provides the energy for C. erosion
evaporation and transpiration. D. Come on It’s obviously all of these
C. The water cycle would no longer occur 5621. Seawater is pumped into a tank and
because the Sun provides energy for the heated to accelerate evaporation.
formation of clouds.
D. The water cycle would not include
evaporation and transpiration but would
continue with condensation.
5617. Fresh water rivers empty in to the

ocean every day. Why does the salinity
of the ocean stay the same?
A. Magic A. Desalination
B. water is continuously evaporating out B. Distillation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 646
C. Reverse Osmosis
Explanation:During distillation-the solu-
tion is heated and separated through the
evaporation process.
D. none of above
5622. Which is more dense, saltwater or fresh- A. condensation

water and why? B. evaporation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Freshwater because it does not have C. precipitation
salt in it. D. run off
B. Freshwater because it is on the top.
5626. Where does the majority of our drinking
C. Saltwater because it is on the top. water in the USA come from?
D. Saltwater because it has salt in it.
5623. Water from rain or snow that flows

over the surface of the land into streams,
rivers, and lakes is called
A. groundwater
A. accumulation
B. glaciers
B. runoff
C. the ocean
C. ground water
D. ice caps
D. surface water
5627. If tides alternate from high to low and
5624. Which type of water reservoir contains there are two of each type of tide a day,
the largest volume of fresh water? about how many hours will generally be
between each different tide?
A. Lakes
A. 2 hours
B. Rivers
B. 6 hours
C. Ice Sheets
C. 12 hours
D. Aquifers D. 24 hours
5625. Which stage does the #3 show in the 5628. At what stage do we gain energy and
diagram? at what stage do we lose energy?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 647
A. Gain:Evaporation Lose:Precipitation 5633. Which are examples of increasing salin-

ity?
B. Gain:Precipitation Lose:Condensation

A. Precipitation into the ocean
C. Gain:Condensation Lose:Precipitation
B. Evaporation of water from the ocean
D. Gain:Evaporation Lose:Condensation
C. Mouth of a river dumping freshwater
5629. An underwater mountain range that is into an ocean
an oceanic spreading center. Responsible
D. Glacier melting into an ocean
for the creation of new ocean floor.
E. Surface water freezing at the poles
A. trench
B. mid-ocean ridge 5634. Look at the picture. The numbers on the
map (1-4) represent large bodies of salt
C. abyssal plain water on Earth. These bodies of water
D. continental shelf surround the seven continents. What are
these bodies of water called?
5630. amount of water vapor
A. 89%
B. 3%
C. 99%
D. >1%

A. lakes
COHESION?
B. oceans
A. water sticking to water
C. ponds
B. water sticking to glass
D. rivers
C. oil sticking to plastic
D. hydrogen sticking to oxygen 5635. Oil refinery wastewater
A. Point
5632. Where is the most freshwater found on
Earth? B. Non-point
5636. Which pie chart shows the relative pro-

portions ofEarth’s water in each location?
A.
B.
A. Surface water like lakes and rivers

C.
B. glaciers
C. oceans
D.
D. ground water (aquifers)

1.1 HYDROLOGY 648
5637. like metals, motor oil, bacteria, ex- 5641. What water cycle step has water sliding
cess fertilizers, pesticides, and silt can be down a slope?
carried into the marine environment by a A. Groundwater
watershed.
B. Runoff
A. Nutrients
C. Condensation
B. Compost
D. Precipitation
C. Pollutants
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5642. is invisible water in the form of gas.
D. Natural substances
A. infiltration
5638. Groundwater is less susceptible to B. groundwater
than surface water.
C. water vapor
A. pollution
D. collection
B. climate change
5643. Particles of light are known as what?
C. disease
A. atoms
D. sediment
B. waves
5639. As Density increases C. photons
D. cells
5644. what is it called when there is a slope

B. continental draft
D. none of above
A. Temperature decreases
B. Temperature increases 5645. Humidity is
A. The amount of water vapor in the air.
5640. North America is the continent that is
the color B. The amount of evaporation that oc-
curs.
C. The amount of precipitation in a cloud.
D. The amount of water gathered on the
ground.
5646. What part of the ocean floor would be

the most difficult to explore due to pres-
sure?
A. yellow A. continental slope
B. blue B. sea mount
C. green C. trench
D. white D. abyssal plain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 649
5647. Which area consumes the majority of 5652. Many gallons of freshwater pour into
the global water supply? the oceans each day. However, the salti-
ness balance is maintained because:

A. Agriculture
A. Sea organisms consume the freshwa-
B. Industry
ter
C. Residential
B. The water becomes salty as it enters
D. none of above the ocean
C. Water continuously evaporated back
5648. What is left over when ocean water
out of the ocean
evaporates?
D. Salty glacial water is also evaporating
A. minerals
from the ice caps
B. clay
5653. What is the MAIN reason water from
C. salts the oceans turns to water vapor, and then
D. none of above evaporates into the air?
A. ocean breezes
5649. Why would water off the coast of Geor-
gia evaporate faster than water off the B. changing tides
coast of Iceland? C. heat from the sun
A. water off the coast of Iceland is D. moon’s gravitational pull
warmer
5654. What is the source of energy that drives
B. water off the coast of Georgia is the water cycle?
warmer
A. gravity from the moon
C. more hours of daylight off the coast of
B. heat from the sun
Georgia
C. kinetic energy from rain drops
D. more hours of daylight off the coast of
Iceland D. potential energy from fossil fuels
5650. Where is most of Earth’s LIQUID fresh- 5655. This feature is formed when calcium car-
water found? bonate is deposited on the ceiling of a
cave.
A. groundwater
A. stalagmites
B. Lakes & rivers
B. sink hole
C. glaciers & ice caps
C. stalactite
D. Ocean
D. pillar
5651. Why is water aerated during sewage 5656. The area of land DRAINED by a river
treatment? system is called the
A. To allow bacteria to digest A. watershed
B. Soften B. mouth
C. Clarify C. tributaries
D. Remove odors D. source

1.1 HYDROLOGY 650
5657. what causes currents 5663. A is the area in an ocean basin

A. wind and Salinity where new ocean floor is formed
A. sea mount
B. moon
C. sun
C. mid ocean ridge
D. ocean animals
5658. What phases does the moon have to be
5664. Name two factors that decrease the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
in for a neap tide to occur?
salinity level
A. full moon and new moon
A. Near the surface and at the equator
B. first and 3rd quarter moon B. Near the surface and at the poles
C. 1st and full moon C. At the surface and at the poles
D. new moon and 1st D. At the surface and at the equator
5659. NAWAB JPS can predict drought up to 5665. Which of the following statements is
month true?
A. 1 month A. Deposition is the greatest where veloc-
B. 2 month ity is the greatest
B. velocity has no effect on deposition
C. 3 month
C. Deposition is the greatest where veloc-
D. 2 week
ity is the least
5660. Saltwater intrusion is caused by drilling D. none of above
freshwater in areas
5666. What two factors cause currents? (Pick
A. river 2 answers)
B. coastal A. Density
C. mountain B. Temperature
D. city C. Wind
D. Light
5661. Is the resource renewable or non-
renewable:sun 5667. The study of water.
A. renewable A. Hydrology
B. non-renewable B. water cycle
C. precipitation
5662. When you are playing in the ocean, you
must watch out for , a spot where the D. infiltration
longshore current carries water back into 5668. The hydrologic cycle is a continuous pro-
the ocean. cess driven by energy from the
A. swell A. Moon.
B. rip tide B. Gravity
C. neap tide C. Sun
D. trough D. Earth’s interior

1.1 HYDROLOGY 651
5669. This is a diagram of a/an which con- B. wave

sists of all the land that water drains into
C. density
specific body of water?

D. neap tide
5674. Which of the following is not source of

salt in the ocean water?
A. Erosion
B. Volcanoes
C. Hydrothermal Vents
A. watershed D. Precipitation
B. tributary 5675. What is the best way to CONSERVE wa-
C. aquifer ter use in an agricultural setting
D. streambank A. low flow toilets
5670. When is seawater the densest? B. reuse cooling water

A. low salinity and high temperatures C. drip irrigation
B. high salinity and low temperatures D. high power overhead irrigation
C. high salinity and high temperatures
5676. is all the land whose water drains
D. low salinity and low temperatures into a stream.
5671. What happens to the ocean as depth in- A. divide
creases? B. accumulation
A. temperature increases C. tributary
B. salinity decreases, temperature de-
D. watershed
creases
C. pressure decreases 5677. Sodium Chloride is the common salt
D. temperature decreases, salinity in- found in oceans
creases A. true
5672. Wind energy is produced by wind B. false
A. electricity 5678. Define precipitation
B. fossil fuels
A. water that moves through soil or rock
C. turbines underground
D. energy B. the movement of water into the ground
5673. the regular rise and fall of the ocean’s C. any form of water that falls from
surface influenced by the moon’s gravity clouds to Earth’s surface
pulling on earth D. the process by which water vapor in
A. tides the air cools and becomes liquid water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 652
5679. Deep Ocean currents are a result of 5684. A land area that is covered with a shal-
low layer of water during some or all of
the year
A. Delta
C. Density
B. Swamp
D. All of the above C. Wetland
5680. Which is a losing stream? D. Tundra
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5685. Which ocean is the saltiest?
A. Pacific Ocean
A. The top stream B. Atlantic Ocean
B. The bottom stream C. Indian Ocean
5681. Only 1% of water the plant draws D. Arctic Ocean
up through this process is used by the
5686. The density of ocean water depends on
plant:the remaining 99% is passed back
what two factors?
into the atmosphere!
A. temperature and global winds
A. Condensation
B. temperature and nutrients
B. Infiltration
C. salinity and upwelling
C. Surface runoff
D. salinity and temperature
D. Plant uptake
5687. Which statement about ocean currents
5682. Chemicals dumped into a river from an is accurate?
unknown source. A. Ocean currents stir nutrients to help in
A. Point Source Pollution the production of oxygen.
B. Non-point source pollution B. Ocean currents keep the ocean tem-
perature unstable.
5683. The area of soil that is totally filled with
water is called the 5688. Which is not an example of capillary ac-
tion?
A. unsaturated zone
A. A mop absorbing water from a puddle
B. impermeable zone on the ground.
C. saturated zone B. A paper towel absorbing up a spill
D. permeable zone C. Plant absorbing CO2 through stomata

1.1 HYDROLOGY 653
D. A plant obtaining water in the ground 5695. Why is most of Earth’s fresh water not
for survivalBA paper to available for human use?

5689. the rise and fall of sea level A. Most of Earth’s fresh water is found in
the atmosphere as water vapor.
A. waves
B. Most of Earth’s fresh water is part of
B. currents
the biosphere.
C. tides
C. Most of Earth’s fresh water is frozen
D. none of above as ice.
5690. what is ‘index of wetness’? D. Most of Earth’s fresh water is found
A. ratio of rainfall to humidity over 24 hrs. deep underground.
B. ratio of rainfall in a particular year to 5696. This is the total amount of the sedi-
a.a.r ments that a river or stream can carry
C. mean of yearly rainfall observed for a A. stream velocity
period of 35 consecutive years
B. stream gradient
D. ratio of rainfall of 2 consecutive days
5691. The saltiness of water is called?
D. Stream capacity
A. Wind
B. Gravity 5697. How does temperature change the
deeper you travel into the ocean? Why?
C. Salinity (Choose the BEST answer)
A. The temperature decreases as you get
5692. Where does most of the water get used lower.
in industry B. The temperature increases as you get
A. Auto manufacturing lower.
B. Chemical production C. The temperature decreases as you get
C. Making of steel lower because of the lack of sunlight.
D. Cooling towers D. The temperature increases as you get
lower because the sunlight increases.
5693. A body of rock that stores ground water
and allows it to flow. 5698. What is represented at point 4?
A. water table
B. granite
C. aquifer
D. slate
5694. Since population has increased over the
A. wave height
past century, water withdrawal has de-
creased. B. wavelength
A. True C. crest
B. False D. trough

1.1 HYDROLOGY 654
5699. What is an aquifer? 5704. Passengers on a ship observe that

waves are moving in the opposite direc-
A. layer of earth that groundwater can be
tion of the wind near the ship. Later,
stored and flows easily
the wind becomes stronger and moves in
B. Zone of aeration the same direction as the waves. The
C. Zone of saturation captain tells the passengers that the ship
is passing through a major current in the
D. Surface water holding area-lake/ river ocean. What should the passengers con-
clude about how the ocean was changed
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5700. What are the field tools we use to mea-
by the wind?
sure width and depth of a river channel?
A. The waves will get bigger because
A. A compass and stopwatch
wind causes waves.
B. A tape measure and meter stick B. The current will increase because
C. A ruler and a turbidity tube wind causes the current.
D. The HACH Spectrophotometer C. The current will decrease because
wind works against the current.
5701. Surface currents are a result of
D. The waves will get smaller because
wind works against the waves.
5705. Composition Ocean water differs from

freshwater in that it has
A. a lower temperature
B. a higher temperature
A. Global Wind Patterns C. a higher concentration of silicon diox-
B. Earth’s Rotation ide
C. Density D. a higher concentration of sodium chlo-

ride
D. All of the above
5706. what mechanism controls the flow of
5702. What are the percentages of fresh and water in runoff?
saltwater on Earth?
A. gravity
A. 50% fresh, 50% salt
B. temperature
B. 3% salt, 97% fresh
C. permeability
C. 70% salt, 30% fresh
D. porosity
D. 97% salt, 3% fresh
5707. The probability of a 10cm rain in 1-hr
5703. Rain happens when droplets of water occurring at station B is found to be 1/60.
What is the probability that a 1-hr rain of
A. condense.
magnitude 10 cm or larger will occur in sta-
B. evaporate. tion B once ins 30 successive years is:
C. freeze. A. 0.396
D. melt. B. 0.307

1.1 HYDROLOGY 655
C. 0.604 5712. What are the two types of ocean cur-

D. 0.500 rents?

A. High and low
5708. Saving water is called conservation.
Choose the reason that drinkable water is B. Surface and deep
becoming more scare. C. Spring and neap
A. Agriculture D. Big and small
B. Growing population of people 5713. Where is most of earth’s freshwater
C. Aquifers are getting emptied found?
D. All of the above A. in lakes and rivers
5709. Which of the following is a freshwater B. in the ground

source? C. in the clouds
A. lakes D. in polar ice caps and glaciers
B. rivers
C. icecaps and glaciers river system is called a
D. all of the above
5710. The law of suggest that older rocks

are at the bottom, and younger rocks are
at the top.
A. water table
B. trailer
C. house
D. watershed
A. cross-cutting 5715. Ground water:water that fills the holes
B. intrusive relationships of floors
C. superposition A. True
D. original horizontality B. False
5711. Energy from the water cycle comes from 5716. What is the driving force for surface
the ocean currents?
A. ocean A. DENSITY
B. sun B. the Coriolis Effect
C. atmosphere C. global winds
D. soil D. salt concentration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 656
5717. What ocean floor feature is created by 5722. Which of these images best shows a
a divergent boundary and is a continuous LAND BREEZE?
chain of underwater mountains?
A. Ocean trench A.
B. Abyssal Plain
C. Mid-ocean Ridges
B.
D. Continental shelf
NARAYAN CHANGDER
located? C.
A. In the ocean
B. In icecaps and glaciers
D.
C. In rivers and streams
D. In aquifers
5723. Where is ocean water the densest?
5719. The global wind system that affect our
A. The top
weather here in the southeastern United
States is B. The middle
A. polar easterlies C. The bottom
B. prevailing westerlies D. Pacific Ocean
C. trade winds
D. doldrums 5724. What is the continuous chain of under-
water mountains, formed by a divergent
5720. What Moon Phase will happen on Febru- boundary?
ary 21st?
C. abyssal plain
D. mid-ocean ridge
5725. El nino does not impact out weather

A. 1st Quarter here in Minnesota.
B. Half Moon A. True
C. New Moon B. False
D. Crescent Moon
5726. Surface water goes from the liquid to
5721. wind erosion forms what type of land- the gas state during the process of
form?
A. infiltration
A. meander
B. drumlin B. transpiration
C. sand dune C. precipitation
D. sand bar D. evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 657
5727. The following diagram represents the 5731. Each of the choices below produces en-
water cycle:Which of the following points ergy. Determine which one provides the
represents infiltration? energy source that powers Earth’s water

cycle.
A. Earth’s rotation
B. Heat from the sun
C. Radiation from the Earth’s core
D. The sun’s gravity
A. Point 1
5732. What are the 3 ways that sediment is
B. Point 2 transported in streams and rivers?
C. Point 3 A. solution, suspension, bed load.
D. Point 4 B. evaporation, condensation, precipita-
tion
5728. River System “B”-generally found in
the flat plains. C. weathering, erosion, deposition
D. conduction, radiation, convection
5733. Where does all water from Rivers and

Streams eventually travel to?
A. Lakes
B. Oceans
C. Streams
A. Dendritic D. Groundwater
B. Rectangular
5734. The underground level of soil or perme-
C. Trellis able bedrock that is completely saturated
D. Radial with water is called the
A. flood zone
5729. What is most likely a flood prevention
strategy? B. aquifer
A. Construction of artificial dams C. water table
B. reduce water consumption D. zone of wetness
5730. Surface currents are caused by and 5735. The is the beginning source of en-
deep currents are caused by ergy for the water cycle.
A. wind, density A. sun
B. density, wind B. wind
C. whales, Earth’s rotation C. geothermal
D. tides, wind D. volcano

1.1 HYDROLOGY 658
5736. What causes the winds to curve? 5740. When the air above water gets cold,
what happens to water molecules?
A. The Chorus Effect
A. The denser water floats on top of the
B. The Cloud Effect
chilled water.
C. The Coriolis Effect
B. The water molecules evaporate, de-
D. The Camera Effect creasing the water’s density.
C. The water’s volume increases as
5737. Why are tides continually rising and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
molecules move closer together.
lowering every day?
D. The molecules slow down and move
A. Because deep ocean currents are con-
closer together, increasing the water’s
stantly changing.
density.
B. Because the position of the moon is
constantly changing in relation to the 5741. The Moon causes tides on Earth by pro-
Earth ducing which of the following?
C. Because the rates of evaporation and A. a bulge of water on one side of Earth
precipitation are constantly changing. that is nearest to the Moon
B. two bulges of water on opposites sides
D. Because the direction of the wind over
of Earth
the ocean is constantly changing.
C. four bulges of water, evenly spaced
5738. What is Bathymetry around Earth
D. eight bulges of water, evenly spaced
around Earth
5742. When spring hits cold regions, frozen

rivers begin to thaw and ice floes can be
observed floating down river. Are there
ice floes on the bottom of the river?
A. No, because ice has a lower density
than water.
B. No, because ice has a higher density
A. study of bathing than water.
B. use of technology to study the ocean C. Yes, because ice has a lower density
floor than liquid water.
C. studying the rise and fall of ocean wa- D. Yes, because ice has a higher density
ter than liquid water.
D. use of radar/sonar to locate sunken 5743. The ability of a material to let water
objects pass through it is called
5739. In a meander (curve), where you can ex- A. drawdown
pect to have sediment deposited? B. aquifer
A. Inside the curve C. permeability
B. Outside the curve D. porosity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 659
5744. What characteristic do all renewable re- C. Water Storage

sources share? D. Watershed

A. Produced by waste products
5748. Water is the only substance on Earth
B. Form underground from dead organ- that
isms.
A. exists in the liquid state
C. Replaced in a short period of time B. boils at very high temperatures
D. Allow energy to pass through them C. freezes at very low temperatures
easily
D. commonly exists in all 3 states of mat-
5745. What is happening at #4 in the water ter
cycle?
5749. a body of rock or sediment that stores
groundwater
A. accumulation
B. aquifer
C. rock
D. pond
5750. Most of our drinkable water is found
A. Condensation
where?
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Runoff
5746. If the mid-ocean ridge were located on

land instead of underwater, it would be
A. ponds
called what?
B. ocean
C. groundwater
D. pool
5751. During convection, more dense
currents and less dense currents
A. sink, rise
A. glacier
B. rise, sink
B. mountain range
C. canyon 5752. A body of rock or sediment that stores
D. valley groundwater.
5747. Water that is not absorbed into the soil A. Aquifer
or evaporated into the atmosphere B. Groundwater
A. Infiltration C. Ice Cap/Glacier
B. Runoff D. Watershed

1.1 HYDROLOGY 660
5753. What is a watershed? A. melting and cooling

A. Water in an area B. compaction and solidification
B. Land covered in water C. weathering and erosion
C. Land that contributes to a river basin. D. heat and pressure
D. Water that is salty
5758. What are two things that affect the den-
5754. Which contain the greatest amount of sity of deep ocean currents?
Earth’s freshwater?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. temperature & salt amounts
A. groundwater B. temperature & the hemisphere
B. oceans and seas
C. surface currents & wind
C. lakes and rivers
D. salt amount & ocean location
D. glaciers and polar ice caps
5759. Which area of the photo contributes to
5755. Which best describes the hydrosphere? subsidence?
A. All of Earth’s organisms and environ-
ments in which they live
B. A layer of Earth’s atmosphere made up
primarily of concentrated ozone
C. All of the water in Earth’s oceans,
lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers-plus the
water in the atmosphere
D. Community of living organisms in con- A. A
junction with the nonliving components of B. B
their environment, C. C
5756. Deltas are formed: D. D
A. by sediments at the mouth of a river E. E
B. on the sides of a river bank
5760. the study of water
C. at the river source
A. ecology
D. behind dams
B. geology
5757. The rocks in NC’s Mountains and Pied- C. hydrology
mont region are metamorphosed. What
process(es) created this change? D. biology
5761. measure of that saltiness and is ex-

pressed in parts impurity per thousand
parts water
A. Conductivity
B. pH
C. Salinity
D. Turbidity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 661
5762. It refers to subsurface water. Ground- B. condensation

water accounts for 96.5% of all freshwa- C. transpiration
ter on the Earth.

D. groundwater
A. Aeration zone
B. Subsurface 5767. The name of the lab you visited where
water, air, and sediment analyses are per-
C. Water Table
formed is
D. Groundwater
A. Chemical analysis lab
5763. Which of the following is not a major B. Organic geochemistry lab
source of groundwater pollution?
C. Hydrology and Environmental Lab
A. sewage
D. none of above
B. pesticides
C. industrial chemicals 5768. Why doesn’t cloud formation take
place until the dew-point temperature is
D. compost reached?
5764. the deep flat land of the ocean floor A. because dew-point is the temperature
A. abyssal plain at which water vapor condenses into wa-
ter droplets
B. rift
B. cloud formation can take place at any
5765. Which letter represents the negative temperature, and does not depend on the
end? dew-point temerature
C. because water sublimates at the dew-
point temperature
D. the dew-point temperature only ap-
plies on Earth’s surface, not in the atmo-
sphere
5769. What occurs when a liquid becomes a

gas?
A. evaporation
A. A B. precipitation
B. B C. multing
C. C D. it gets more cold in the air
D. D 5770. Water has a high specific heat. What
does this mean in terms of how quickly wa-
5766. Imagine you are in a very humid rainfor-
ter will absorb or release heat?
est with many different species of plants.
What process creates the moisture in the A. . water absorbs and releases heat
air from the release of water from the very slowly
leaves of plants? B. water absorbs and releases heat very
A. precipitation quickly

1.1 HYDROLOGY 662
C. water absorbs heat quickly but re- 5775. Which are the two most abundant min-
leases it slowly erals dissolved in water?
D. water absorbs heat slowly but re- A. Ca and Cl
leases heat quickly
B. Na and Mg
5771. A student heard the weather forecaster C. Na and Cl
on television say that an area of low pres-
sure was located over his region of the D. Mg and Ca
NARAYAN CHANGDER
state. What type of weather is the area
most likely to experience? 5776. Please identify the type of fossil that
you see here.
A. sunny skies
B. clear skies
C. cloudy skies
D. none of these
5772. Without heat from the Sun, the water

cycle would
A. reverse.
B. not work. A. trace fossil
C. slow down. B. mold and cast
D. not be affected. C. petrified fossil
5773. How is ocean water different from fresh D. unaltered remains
water? E. carbon film
A. Ocean water has a higher concentra-
tion (amount) of sodium chloride (salt) 5777. The Gulf Stream Current follows the
than fresh water. coast of the US?
B. Ocean water has salt and fresh water A. North
does too.
B. West
C. Ocean water has a higher temperature
C. East
than fresh water.
D. Ocean water has a lower temperature D. South
than fresh water.
5778. What follows evaporation during the
5774. Which of the following factors affect the water cycle? How does this occur?
local water budget? A. Water evaporates into water vapor
A. temperature, vegetation, rainfall B. Water precipitates to the ground
B. income, outflow, prediction C. Water vapor condenses and forms a
C. irrigation, industry, recreation cloud
D. none of above D. Water runs down into the hydrosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 663
5779. According to the image, water will be the topsoil away, leaving the subsoil ex-
tranported to the river from the hill during posed
rainfall event is call?

A. sunlight
B. birds
C. magnetic fields
D. wind
5784. Changes liquid and frozen water into

water vapor gas which floats up into the
skies to become clouds
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
A. small river C. Condensation
B. Surface runoff D. Runoff
C. surface water 5785. A substance is a substance that liq-

D. runoff surface uids can flow through.
A. Wet
5780. Which term describes how well water
moves through soil? B. Clear
A. Permeability C. Permeable
B. Solubility D. Impermeable
C. Density
5786. responsibility for conserving and restor-
D. Surface Tension ing the Earth’s resources for future gener-
5781. water that flows through soil layers, ations
weathering rocks and soil and eroding min- A. Stewardship
erals
B. Adhesion
A. surface runoff
C. Potable
B. subsurface runoff
D. Hydrologic cycle
5782. The slow downhill movement of weath-
E. Impermeable
ered rock material is called
A. mass movement 5787. Which process moves water from the
B. abrasion oceans to the atmosphere?
C. sheet erosion A. Condensation

D. creep B. transpiration
C. evaporation
5783. When there are not enough plants to
hold topsoil in place, water and carry D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 664
5788. Which process is occurring in the image? A. build more roads and highways for
A. Precipitation cars and trucks
B. increase the amount of land used to
B. Condensation
raise cattle
C. Evaporation
C. develop more modern coal-powered
D. Transpiration plants
5789. When water leaves plants in the form D. use more efficient irrigation tech-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of water vapor it is known as niques
A. Evaporation 5794. What is the purpose of the water cycle

B. Condensation model?
A. To show how severe weather forms in
C. Transpiration
the water cycle
D. Precipitation
B. To illustrate how some water is lost
5790. The periodic rise and fall of the level of on Earth as some of it never returns to
water in the ocean is called Earth’s
A. currents C. To illustrate how water travels from
Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and
B. tides back toEarth’s surface again
C. slope D. To show how Earth’s water formed bil-
D. none of above lions of years ago
5791. Infiltration in hydrology is 5795. How does air move?

A. The movement of water from precipita- A. From high to low air pressure
tion into the soil B. From low to high air pressure
B. When fresh water from precipitation C. From dry to wet air pressure
invades salt water oceans
D. From wet to dry air pressure
C. When you have a leaky roof and water
gets in the house 5796. You dig a small hole in the soil and the
next day it rains. The hole fills with wa-
D. The film of water which coats individ- ter, but does not empty even after sev-
ual soil particles eral days of dry weather. What is the soil
mostly made of?
5792. A boundary where two plates collide
into each other. A. clay
A. convergent boundary B. sand
B. divergent boundary C. humus
C. transform boundary D. silt
D. sergent boundary 5797. The process by which plants lose water
out of their leaves is called
5793. Which is the best way to conserve
worldwide freshwater resources? (EEn A. condensation
2.4.1) B. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 665
C. precipitation C. Wind
D. none of above D. Snow

5798. Long, narrow, steep-sided depressions 5803. What is a polar molecule?
A. Trenches A. One that has a partial negatitive on one
end and a partial positive on the other
B. Seamount
B. a molecule with little vibration
C. island
C. an ionic compound
D. none of above
D. the nonpolar bonds are arranged se-
5799. What happens to waste water after it quentially
has been treated? 5804. Water that is drinkable is called
A. It is no longer viable for use by human A. freshwater
consumption and is discarded
B. salt water
B. It is heated and evaporates
C. okay water
C. It is returned back to rivers and D. good water
streams to be re-used
D. It is returned back to the ocean to be
the red circle?
re-used
5800. Over time, erosion and weathering can

cause canyons to become
A. deeper and narrower
B. wider and shallower
C. deeper and wider
D. shallower and narrower A. Evaporation
5801. In the zone of aeration below the water B. Precipitation
table. C. Infiltration
A. It is an impermeable layer of rock rest- D. Transpiration
ing on top of a permeable layer of rock.
5806. Underwater Volcanoes and Mountains?
B. It is a permeable layer of rock resting
on top of the water table. A. Seamounts or Mid-Ocean Ridge
B. Mountain Ridge
C. It is a permeable layer of rock resting
on top of an impermeable layer of rock. C. Coastal Plains
D. It is between a permeable layer of rock D. Abyssal Plains
and an impermeable layer of rock. 5807. What causes tides?
5802. Which is NOT an example of precipita- A. wind
tion? B. the sun
A. Rain C. gravitational pull of the moon
B. Hail D. waves

1.1 HYDROLOGY 666
5808. Which statement best describes a spring 5813. What is one effect of water’s “sticki-
tide? ness” or cohesion?
A. the periodic rise and fall of the water A. the salt that forms in ocean water
level in oceans B. the surface tension that forms on lakes
B. a tide of maximum range that takes and ponds
place two times a month C. the waves you see in lakes and oceans
C. the difference in levels of ocean water D. the currents that form in streams and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
at high tide and at low tide rivers
D. a tide of minimum range that takes
place two times per month 5814. Which factor will LEAST LIKELY influence
the size of a wave as it moves across the
5809. Which type of ocean movement can be ocean?
described as the rise and fall of sea level, A. A. the strength of the wind
mostly due to the gravitational influence
of the moon? B. B. the duration the wind blows
A. Current C. C. the density of the ocean water
B. Wave D. the distance the wind blows across the
surface
C. Tide
D. none of above 5815. Which accurately describes the relation-
ship between nutrients and life-forms in
5810. What does equatorial mean? an estuary?
A. near the equator A. As nutrients increase, the number of
B. far from the equator life-forms increases.
C. mid-ocean zone B. As nutrients decrease, the number of

life-forms increases.
D. balanced pH
C. As nutrients increase, the number of
5811. Any form of water that falls from clouds life-forms stays the same.
and reaches Earth’s surface. D. As nutrients decrease, the number of
A. Precipitation life-forms stays the same.
B. Condensation 5816. If both air masses met and stalled in
C. Evapotranspiration St. Louis, what type of front and weather
would St. Louis be experiencing?
D. Watershed
E. Surface tension
5812. the process of removing salt from sea

water
A. eutrophication
B. salinity
C. desalineation A. cold front with thunderstorms
D. none of above B. warm front with prolonged showers

1.1 HYDROLOGY 667
C. stationary front with clouds and pre- C. an octopus

cipitation D. none of above

D. occluded front with snowstorms
5822. This is an ecosystem in which fresh wa-
5817. Deep currents are caused by differences ter from rivers mixes with salt water from
in water the ocean.
A. Pressure A. Aquifer
B. Mass B. Swamp
C. Density C. Estuary
D. none of above D. Marsh
5818. When permeability increases, the reten- 5823. The Earth’s rotation causes surface cur-
tion decreases. This means that there is rents to curve. What is this called?
a(n) relationship between these two
A. The Curving Effect
variables because
B. The Transitional Effect
A. direct-an increase in one causes a de-
crease in the other C. The Coriolis Effect
B. inverse-an increase in one causes a D. The Halocline Effect
decrease in the other
5824. Narrow coastal land formation that is
C. direct-an increase in one causes an in- tied to the coast at one end. Is surrounded
crease in the other by water on three sides.
D. inverse-an increase in one causes an A. sandbar
increase in the other
B. spit
5819. Where is groundwater stored on Earth? C. inlet
A. Level Clouds D. groin
B. water table
5825. What happens during a cold front?
C. Wells
A. Warm air rushes in, pushes up the cold
D. Aquifers air.
5820. What remains in a glass after all the wa- B. Cold air rushes in, pushes up the warm
ter has evaporated? air.
A. Mud C. Cold air rushes in, pushes up cold air.
B. Water vapor D. Warm air rushes in, pushes up warm
air.
C. Dissolved solids
D. Salinity 5826. Condensation means
5821. An example of a marine organism that A. water vapor cooling to form clouds
needs calcium carbonate B. water running downhill
A. a crab C. water falling from the sky
B. a shark D. water heating up and rising as gas

1.1 HYDROLOGY 668
5827. How much of Earth’s water is fresh wa- 5832. what is water that flows in rivers and
ter? streams into the oceans and lakes?
A. 0.1 A. evaporating
B. about 3% B. condensing
C. three-fourths C. precipitating
D. 97% D. runoff
5828. A hot spring is a place where hot water 5833. Source
NARAYAN CHANGDER
reaches the surface because of pressure A. Where the river meets the sea
caused by
B. Where two rivers meet
A. microwaves C. Something you put on chips
B. the sun D. The starting point of the river
C. heat
5834. Type of marine ecosystem that relies on
D. none of above algae to act as producers and provide the
5829. What is the continuous movement of majority of energy for the food chain; ma-
water from the oceans to the air and land, jority of the world’s oxygen is produced in
and back to the oceans? this ecosystem.
A. aquifer
B. river basin
C. shore
D. open ocean
5835. When the density of a substance is
lower than the density of water the sub-
A. carbon cycle stance in water.
B. nitrogen cycle A. Sinks
C. Water cycle B. Floats
D. run-off 5836. Water happens to 80% of the water
5830. The process of plants releasing water used in irrigation?
into the air as water vapor is called? A. It hits the roots of the plants
A. Condensation B. It mostly just gets the plants wet
B. Transpiration C. It evaporates
C. evaporation D. none of above
D. DONALD TRUMP 5837. pressure systems usually signal fair
weather with winds moving clockwise.
5831. How do most surface waves form?
A. low
A. Winds blow acorss the surface of the
water and give their energy to the water. B. medium
B. Lightning hits the water and makes the C. high
water move. D. none of the answers are correct

1.1 HYDROLOGY 669
5838. What will happen if an area gets a large 5842. Where does the salt in the ocean origi-
amount of rainfall? nate?

A. The temperature will increase A. Acid Rain
B. the groundwater will increase B. The ocean floor
C. the oceans will decrease C. Weathering and erosion of rocks
D. hurricanes will decrease D. Condesation of lakes and rivers
5839. are small streams that feed into 5843. Large quantities of sand can be added to
rivers. the beach to stabilize the shoreline. Which
describes a disadvantage of this process?
A. Streams
A. it causes inland erosion
B. Runoff
B. it is a short term solution
C. Tributaries
C. it creates a barrier that prevents the
D. Lakes
tides from occurring along the coastline
5840. When was low tide Friday afternoon? D. it creates a wall that disrupts the veg-
etation along the coastline
5844. What is true about the water on the bot-

tom of the ocean?
A. It is the saltiest water found in the
A. 6:46 am ocean
B. 12:55 pm B. It is the densest water found in the
C. 7:01 pm ocean
D. 12:12 am C. It is not frozen because sunlight
warms it up
5841. A group of 6th-grade students con-
D. It does not move
structs arguments on why water is impor-
tant to animals and ecosystems in addition 5845. If a body of water has high turbidity lev-
to people. Which student argument is cor- els, what can most likely be concluded?
rect (Select all that applies)?
A. Student 1 argues that people need wa-
ter for recreation and transportation only.
B. Student 2 argues that as the popula-
tion increase in the world, so does the
need for water.
C. Student 3 argues that there is an unlim-
ited supply of water for animals, ecosys-
tems, and people to use daily.
A. It has a low pH (acidic)
D. Student 4 argues that we are using
more groundwater than is being produced B. It is too hot to drink
daily. C. It is unsafe to drink

1.1 HYDROLOGY 670
D. it contains a lot of chemicals C. Permeable

Explanation:High turbidity means that D. Nekton
there are a lot of particles suspended in
the water and light cannot get through. 5849. Which layer is the oldest?
Low turbidity means that there are fewer
particles in the water and it is more
clear. Turbidity in a stream may increase
from:soil erosion.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5846. Which is created through the process of
erosion?
A. baymouth bar A. A
B. sea arch B. B
C. sea stack C. C
D. bobbin D. D
5847. The boundary around a watershed (the 5850. What part of the water cycle does this
high ground) is called the: picture show?
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
A. watershed D. transpiration
B. divide 5851. Which of the following is the key term
C. sub-watershed that describes the point at which a small
D. evaporation zone river enters another river
A. Tributary
5848. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in
B. Watershed
underground soil and rock layers.
C. Source
D. Confluence
5852. What percent of Earth’s water is fresh-
water
A. 1.5%
B. 2.5%
A. Saturated Zone C. 3.5%
B. Groundwater D. 5.5%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 671
5853. Evaporation means 5859. In science class, you and your lab part-
A. water vapor cooling to form clouds ner are designing an experiment that
shows the important steps of the water cy-

B. water running downhill cle. For your experimental design, which
C. water falling from the sky of the following procedures could best be
D. water heating up and rising as gas used to demonstrate the difference be-
tween condensation and evaporation?
5854. Tides are the cycle of rising and falling
ocean water that repeats automatically A. To show condensation, you would in-
every crease the temperature; to show evapo-
ration, you would decrease the tempera-
A. 24 hours ture.
B. 12.5 hours
B. To show condensation, you must de-
C. 25 hours crease the temperature within the cycle;
D. 6.25 hours to show evaporation, you must increase
the temperature.
5855. How will the melting of icecaps change
the salinity of ocean water? C. To show condensation, you add energy
to change liquid water into water vapor;
A. raise the salinity
B. lower the salinity change water vapor into a liquid.
C. no change to the salinity D. To show condensation, you add energy
D. I have no idea to change water vapor into liquid water;
5856. When saltwater evaporates from the
change liquid water into water vapor.
ocean and condenses, it is fresh water
again.
5860. The highest part of a wave is the
A. True
A. trough
B. False
B. wave length
5857. As more people have moved to the
beach, the sea turtle population has de- C. crest
creased. which is most likely the cause of D. wave height
this decrease?
A. tropical storms 5861. What type of tide occurs when the
moon, Earth, and Sun form a right angle?
B. increase in predators
C. habitat loss A. Spring Tide
D. warmer temperatures B. Neap Tide
5858. Where is most of Earth’s Freshwater 5862. when water , dew forms.
found?
A. melts
A. Ice caps and glaciers
B. Rivers, lakes, and streams B. evaporates
C. In the atmosphere C. condenses

D. In the groundwater D. precipitates

1.1 HYDROLOGY 672
5863. The density of ocean water increases A. cohesion

when it? B. surface tension
A. Joins the Gulf Stream C. adhesion
B. Gets colder D. solute
C. Gets warmer
5867. What is the water (hydrologic) cycle?
D. Turns to ice
A. The constant freezing of water in the
atmosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5864. Consider the diagram of the water cycle.
Assume that deforestation has taken place. B. The constant evaporation of water
Explain how this affects the movement of from the land and the oceans
water through this model? C. The constant circulation of water from
A. Runoff will decrease. the atmosphere to the land and the
B. Sea level will increase. oceans and back again
D. The constant condensation of water in
C. Condensation will increase.
the atmosphere
D. Transpiration will decrease.
5868. If you dropped a bottle in the ocean off
5865. In science class, lab partners are design- the coast of Georgia, where could it even-
ing an experiment that shows the impor- tually be found?
A. Antarctica
procedures could best be used to demon- B. South America
strate the difference between condensa- C. Australia
tion and evaporation? D. Europe
ners must increase the temperature 5869. Large stream of moving water that
within the cycle; to show evaporation, flows through oceans is called?
they must decrease the temperature A. Currents
B. To show condensation, the lab part- B. low tide
ners must decrease the temperature C. High tide
D. All of above
they must increase the temperature
C. To show condensation, the lab part- 5870. Water that contains a high concentra-
ners must maintain a constant tempera- tion of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl)
ture within the cycle; to show evaporation, A. salt water
B. fresh water
C. runoff
ture within the cycle; to show evaporation, D. glacier
5871. How does the tilt of Earth’s axis affect
5866. The sticking together of particles of the length of the days?
different substances.(Water attracted to A. It affects the length of the sun’s path
other substances) across the sky

1.1 HYDROLOGY 673
B. It has nothing to do with the length of 5875. How do organisms in the deep ocean
the day floor produce energy?
A. photosynthesis

C. It brings one side of the planet closer
to the sun B. sunlight
D. None of the above C. hydrosynthesis
5872. As you go deeper in the ocean, the wa- D. chemosynthesis

ter iswarmer and less salty.
5876. The Water Quality Act of 1965 directs
each state to adopt its own water qual-
ity standards. The Clean Water Act of
1972 established standards that applied
to all bodies of water in the United States.
Which of the following describes as advan-
tage of a nationwide approach to water
protection?
A. both state and federal agencies would
be needed to enforce standards
A. True
B. some states would be required to en-
B. False force standards lower than their own
5873. What is the Coriolis effect? C. states would be less involved in decid-
ing the levels of chemicals to allow in wa-
A. Formed from slow waves depositing ter
sand in shallow water
D. companies operating in different
B. Effect of Earth’s rotation on the direc- states would need to meet only one set
tion of winds and currents of standards
C. Large streams of moving water that
5877. What term describes organisms that
flow through the oceans
live on or in the ocean floor?
D. High part of the wave
A. plankton
E. Rush of water flowing back to sea B. nekton
through narrow opening
C. benthos
5874. What feature is C? D. aphotic
5878. In the diagram, the letter C best repre-

sents
A. Abyssal plain
B. Seamount

1.1 HYDROLOGY 674
A. unconfined aquifer A. to illustrate how water travels from

B. confined aquifer Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and
back to Earth’s surface again
C. water table
B. to illustrate how some water is lost
D. confining layer on Earth as some of it never returns to
5879. The image shows various stages in the Earth’s surface once it evaporates
water cycle. During which stage does wa- C. to show how severe weather forms in
ter flow back towards the sea as runoff? the water cycle
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. to show how Earth’s water formed bil-
lions of years ago
5883. Which statement is true?
A. One should expect to find large parti-
cles near the source of a river and small
particles near the mouth of a river.
B. One should expect to find a mixture
A. W
of large and small particles at both the
B. X source and mouth of a river.
C. Y C. One should expect to find small parti-
D. Z cles near the source of a river and large
particles near the mouth of a river.
5880. Warm air rises in the atmosphere and
D. none of above
then it will ?
A. heat up 5884. What do waves carry?
B. freeze A. Energy, not objects
C. condense B. Rubber duckies
D. cool C. Fish
D. Objects, not energy
5881. The water cycle begins with
A. condensation 5885. Look at the picture. This person is fish-
ing in a small, freshwater body of wa-
B. clouds ter. This body of water flows into a larger
C. precipitation body of water called a river. What is this
D. has no beginning small body of freshwater called?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 675
A. glacier A. Water is polluted with salt from infiltra-

B. lake tion.

B. Water is overdrawn by human popula-
C. pond
tions needing more water.
D. stream
C. Freshwater migrates toward the
5886. The human population gains access to ocean from the aquifer.
underground water storages, called by D. Saltwater is more dense and mixes
drilling with freshwater
A. aquifers, wells 5890. Transpiration can simply be defined as
B. wells, aquifers the ‘evaporation through ‘?
C. groundwater, aquifers A. plants
D. wells, groundwater B. animals
C. saltwater
5887. What is the source of most of the salt
in the oceans? D. the water cycle
A. precipitation 5891. The measure of how clear or cloudy wa-

B. freezing or evaporation ter is
A. alkalinity
C. rocks on land
B. acidity
D. global winds
C. polarity
5888. What sedimentary particles lead to tur- D. turbidity
bidity in a stream system?
5892. Approximately how much of Earth’s wa-
ter is salt?
A. 53%
B. 97%
C. 42%
D. 3%
A. Fine particles such as silt and clay that 5893. When water vapor changes back into
are suspended by the moving water water droplets to form a cloud, it is called
B. Sand grains that move at the bottom of
the river water
C. Coarse particles such as pebbles and
boulders that get moved slowly, rounding
off the particles (abrasion)
D. When sediment is dissolved in the flow-
ing water
5889. What is the main cause of saltwater in- A. Evaporating

trusion in coastal aquifers? B. Condensing

1.1 HYDROLOGY 676
C. Precipitating 5899. Ocean water is different than freshwa-

D. Freezing ter because
A. ocean water has higher temperatures
5894. What forms the boundaries of water-
shed? B. ocean water has lower temperatures
A. valleys C. ocean water has lower salt concentra-

tions
B. lakes
D. ocean water has higher salt concentra-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. flat areas tions
D. mountains or hills
5900. Use the diagram to answer the follow-
5895. Which law requires companies to clean ing question:What is the correct order of
up their toxic waste? features 1-5?
A. CLEANCR
B. ERCLAC
C. CERCLA
D. none of above A. Abyssal Plain, trench, seamount, conti-
nental slope, continental shelf
5896. About three-fourths of all freshwater
on Earth is contained in glaciers. B. Continental slope, continental shelf,
mid-ocean ridge, trench, abyssal plain
A. true
C. Continental shelf, continental slope,
B. false mid-ocean ridge, trench, abyssal plain
5897. Material such as rock and soil, that is D. Continental shelf, continental slope,
deposited by rivers and streams is called seamount, trench, abyssal plain
what?
5901. Why do oceans have a greater impact
A. load on the weather than areas over the conti-
B. weathering nents?
C. erosion A. ocean waves move more easily than
D. sediment continental rock
B. the oceans contain a wider variety of
5898. What is Ms. Rusk allergic to? organisms than the continents
C. the oceans store and transfer more
heat than the continents
D. ocean water contains more salt than
most continental lake water
5902. What happens to density, salinity, and

A. chocolate pressure as you descend deeper into the
B. dogs ocean?
C. gluten A. They all decrease.
D. bees B. They all increase.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 677
C. Density and salinity increase, but pres- D. the sun and moon are at right angles
sure decreases. to the Earth

D. Density and pressure increase, but 5907. Deep Ocean currents are primarily
salinity decreases. caused by
5903. What is the name of the ocean labeled A. temperature and salinity
with the letter I?
B. wind
C. gravity
D. precipitation
5908. When looking at the image, where

would high tides occur and why?
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Pacific Ocean
C. Southern Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
5904. Ground water can become surface wa- A. High tides would occur at points A and
ter C due to the gravitational pull of the moon
A. True B. High tides would occur at points A and
B. False C due to electromagnetic waves from the
moon
5905. Most water vapor in the atmosphere
comes from C. High tides would occur at B and D due
to the gravitational pull of the moon
D. High tides would occur at points B and
D due to strong winds
5909. To drop off due to a decrease in velocity

A. Deposition
B. Weathering
A. evaporation from soil C. Precipitation
B. evaporation from oceans D. Infiltration
C. transpiration from plants
5910. the tidal mouth of a large river, where
D. the burning of fossil fuels the tide meets the stream; contains brack-
ish water
5906. Spring tides occur when
A. river basin
A. The moon is in the last quarter phase
B. the sun and moon are in line with the B. intertidal zone
Earth C. estuary
C. the moon is in the first quarter phase D. shore zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 678
5911. The scale that is used to identify acids 5916. Which of the following is a way to con-
and bases (ranges from 0-14); acids are serve water?
belwo 7, bases are above 7, neutral is A. stop washing
equal to 7.
B. use cold water
A. turbidity
C. fix a leaky faucet
B. potability D. water the lawn each day
C. salinity
5917. A body of rock or sediment that stores
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. pH scale groundwater and allows the flow of
groundwater
5912. Tides are caused by the difference in
A. Groundwater
the gravitational force of the and
across the B. Water Table
C. Aquifer
D. Watershed
5918. The process by which precipitation that
has fallen on land trickles into the ground
and becomes groundwater is known as
what?
A. aeration
A. earth, sun, moon
B. saturation
B. sun, mars, jupiter
C. infiltration
C. sun, moon, earth
D. porosity
D. tide, water, sun
5919. What is the best explanation for the
5913. How is salinity increased in the ocean? change you see in this coastline?
A. Evaporation or freezing of glaciers
B. Melting of glaciers
5914. does warm water evaporate quicker

than cold water A. The wind which causes waves is the
only factor that contributed to the change
A. true in the shape of this coastline.
B. false B. Weathering and Erosion is the cause of
the change in the shape of this coastline.
5915. Water vapor released from plants is
C. Over time, humans moved the sand
called
around to create the shape of the coast-
A. evaporation line pictured in 2017.
B. run-off D. Tides, wind, waves and currents all
contributed to the weathering, erosion,
C. precipitation
and deposition of the sand which makes
D. transpiration up the coastline.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 679
5920. What is the process where heat changes D. D

the water inside a plant from a liquid to a E. E
gas (water vapor)?

A. condensation 5925. The is known as the continuous
movement or cycle of water on Earth that
B. precipitation never ends.
C. runoff A. weather cycle
D. transpiration B. storm cycle
5921. What energy source drives the water C. water cycle
cycle?
D. all of the above
A. Core of the earth
5926. The graphic shows ocean floor topogra-
B. Ocean
phy.Which is most likely represented by
C. Equator letter X?
D. Sun
5922. Water vapor in the air gets cold and

changes back into liquid, forming cloud
A. Precipitation
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation A. continental slope
D. Sublimation B. oceanic trench
C. volcanic island
5923. When you are building a sand castle on
the beach, what feature are you standing D. abyssal plain
on?
5927. which of the following would create a
A. abyssal plain cloud?
B. continental shelf A. water pressure heating and condens-
C. seamount ing
D. continental rise B. air pressure increasing
C. warm air cooling and condensing
5924. Condensation takes place at
D. cool air heating and condensing
5928. Gigantic glaciers that cover massive ar-

eas of land.
A. A
B. B
C. C

1.1 HYDROLOGY 680
A. Alpine Glaciers 5932. How many electrons does potassium K

B. Continental Glaciers contain?(click to see image)
D. Mountain Glaciers
5929. Water is essential to many things on
Earth. Only 3% of Earth’s water is con-
sidered
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Saltwater
B. Ice
C. Freshwater
D. Water Vapor A. 19
5930. Which type of water would be most B. 39
dense? C. 20
A. Warm freshwater D. 40
B. Warm saltwater
5933. The baby chickens are kept warm from
C. Cold freshwater
the heat lamps demonstrates this type of
D. Cold saltwater heat transfer.
5931. What is water that flows in rivers and
streams into the oceans and lakes?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
D. density
5934. Sustainable means

A. using a lot of energy
A. evaporating B. being able to last for a long time by cre-
B. condensing ating as much as you use
C. precipitating C. Being able to cause a stain
D. runoff D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 681
5935. is a process in which cold, nutrient-

rich water from deep ocean rises to the
surface and replaces warm surface water.

A. Overwelping
B. Downwelling
C. Upwelling
D. Sources downing
A. Calcium and Potassium
5936. Inertia and the gravitational pull of the
B. Calcium and Sulfate
moon on Earth are responsible for
C. Chloride and Magnesium
A. tides
D. Chloride and Sodium
B. solar eclipses
C. lunar eclipses 5940. When two different air masses collide
D. revolutions
A. A front forms
5937. It is the bond existing between atoms B. They casually become one
in a water molecule which makes a stable
C. A new planet evolves
pair through sharing of electrons.
D. Dinosaurs become extinct
A. covalent bonding
B. ionic bonding 5941. Why did the egg sink in the freshwater
(lake), but floats in the saltwater (ocean)?
C. hydrogen bonding
A. The egg will sink in freshwater be-
D. van der Waals interaction cause the density of the egg is greater
than the density of water.
5938. Which of the following does not affect
B. The egg will sink in freshwater be-
surface currents?
cause the density of the egg is less than
A. Density the density of water.
B. Global Winds C. The egg will sink in freshwater be-
cause the density of the egg is equal to
C. Continental Deflection
the density of water.
D. Coriolis Effect D. none of above
5939. Weathering and erosion of rocks and 5942. Which property describes water’s abil-
minerals around bodies of moving wa- ity to stick to other things?
ter contribute to dissolved salts in the
oceans. These dissolved salts include el- A. Permeability
ements such as calcium, sodium, and mag- B. Density
nesium. According to the pie chart above,
C. Cohesion
what are the two most abundant elements
in ocean water? D. Adhesion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 682
5943. A steep incline of the ocean floor lead- 5947. Which of the following are water qual-
ing down from the edge of the continental ity issues for Florida?
shelf A. run off from agricultural operations
A. Deep-Ocean Trench B. run off from Florida landscapes
B. Continental Shelf C. septic tank leakage
C. Continental Slope D. all of these
D. Seamount
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5948. It is the precipitation that is collected
and stored by vegetation.
5944. Why do water sources need to be con-
served? A. Interception
A. We have a limited amount of fresh wa- B. Evapotranspiration
ter. C. Transpiration
B. Pollution reduces the amount of usable D. Soil moisture
water.
5949. What happens to pressure in the ocean
C. Because we need to save it for the as depth increases?
whales
A. it stays the same
D. Both a and b.
B. it decreases
5945. Which stage does ground water try C. it increases
to return to the ocean or soak into the D. it increases, then decreases
ground?
5950. A student performed an experiment at
home and gathered the results in the chart.
According to her data, how are tempera-
ture and salinity related?
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. run off
5946. What is the most abundant (most com-

mon) salt in the ocean? A. As the temperature of water in-
A. sodium creases, the salinity decreases.
B. As the temperature of water in-
B. chloride
creases, the salinity increases.
C. sulfate
C. As the temperature of water de-
D. other creases, the salinity increases.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 683
D. As the temperature of water de- 5957. Why is water from an aquifer more
creases, the salinity decreases. likely to be cleaner than water from other
sources?

5951. What are the cone-shaped dripstone de-
posits that are on the floor of caves?
A. icicles
B. rocksicles
C. stalactites
D. stalagmites A. because it forms where fresh and salt
water meet
5952. Which of the following resources con-
tains more freshwater on Earth? B. because it receives water directly
from precipitation
A. lakes
B. rivers
ocean
5953. Which of the following causes all of the D. because pollutants are filtered by the
water on the planet to change its state soil as the water moves into the ground
(solid, liquid, gas) and move through the toward the aquifer
water cycle?
A. Amount of plant matter 5958. When Streams Erode Their Channel They
Are Lifting Loose Particles By?
B. Location of ice caps
A. Abrasion
C. Size of ocean
B. Grinding
D. Temperature
C. Dissolving Material
5954. A canyon in the ocean floor is called
D. Uplifting
A. Trench
5959. The breaks down of rock material by a
B. Abyssal Plain
chemically process in the river is known as
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. Deep Spot A. pollution
5955. The length of a year is B. hydraulic action
A. 365 days C. solution
B. 365.25 days D. distillation
C. 360 days 5960. The course or path of a river is called:
D. 200 days
5956. Moving ridges of water on the surface
of the ocean caused by wind.
A. tides
B. waves
C. tsunamis
D. none of above A. A Channel

1.1 HYDROLOGY 684
B. A Stream 5965. This layer of the atmosphere contains

the ozone layer.
C. An Ocean
A. troposphere
D. A Creek
B. stratosphere
5961. The process that moves material is C. mesosphere
D. thermosphere
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5966. The belt between Mars and Jupiter
A. Comets
B. Asteroids
C. Meteors
A. erosion D. Stars
B. deposition
5967. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater?
C. weathering
D. compaction
5962. What is a deep, underwater valley or

canyon on the ocean floor?
A. seamount
B. trench
C. continental rise A. in the ground
D. continental slope B. in the atmosphere
C. in lakes rivers
5963. Which factor mostly causes waves?
D. in glaciers and icecaps
A. The wind transferring energy to the
surface of the water. 5968. the land area that water moves across
or under while flowing to a river or the
B. The moon pulling on the surface of the
ocean is called
planet.
C. Earthquakes causing tsunamis.
D. The Coriolis Effect causing global
winds to curve.
5964. Which is an example of an endemic dis-

ease?
A. influenza A. an aquifer
B. cancer B. a water table
C. smallpox C. a watershed
D. chickenpox D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 685
5969. are caused by earthquakes on the 5974. Put the Earth’s water sources in order
ocean floor, volcanic eruptions, or under- from GREATEST to LEAST.
water landslides.

A. Water Vapor, Lakes and Rivers,
Groundwater, Glaciers, Oceans
B. Oceans, Glaciers, Groundwater, Lakes
and Rivers
C. Lakes and Rivers, Oceans, Water Va-
por, Groundwater, Glaciers
D. none of above
A. tides 5975. The most consistent source of ground-
B. waves water would be found in a/an:
C. tsunamis
D. surface currents
5970. What is the energy source that fuels the

water cycle?
A. mantle
B. electricity
A. Unconfined aquifer
C. sun
B. Confined aquifer
D. wind
C. Zone of aeration
5971. Flash flood is formed by D. Water table
A. Rain water
5976. Which is most likely a prevention strat-
B. Melting ice and snow egy for flooding?
C. Shower (heavy rain) A. building artificial levees
D. Groundwater B. reducing water consumption
5972. The movement of one object around an- 5977. The change of a substance from a liquid
other to a gas
A. revolution A. convection
B. rotation B. hydrology
C. orbit C. convection
D. inertia D. evporations
5973. Which of the following is one of the 5978. What is the name of the area of ground-
causes of surface currents? water where it is saturated?
A. Global wind patterns A. Zone of Saturation
B. Differences in density B. Zone of Aeration
C. Lack of sunlight C. Water Table
D. Upwelling D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 686
5979. Which sample has the GREATEST poros- 5984. About 26 % of carbon dioxide released
ity? by human activity over the last decade
was absorbed by ?
A. Tall People
B. The Atmosphere
C. The Ocean
D. Treed
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. sorted
5985. Which of the following lists of water
B. unsorted
sources is correctly ordered from largest
5980. When heat is transferred from one parti- amount of water found on Earth to small-
cle of matter to another without the move- est amount of water on Earth?
ment of the matter it is called A. Glacier and ice caps, groundwater,
A. conduction oceans
B. convection B. Groundwater, oceans, glaciers and ice
C. radiation caps
D. none of above C. Oceans, glaciers and ice caps. ground-
water
5981. Many barrier islands such as the Outer
D. Oceans, groundwater, glaciers and ice
Banks in North Carolina have developed
caps
from wave action and deposition.
A. True 5986. Which process does NOT lead to a de-
B. False crease in the salinity of water?
A. runoff from land
5982. Subsurface ocean currents continually
circulate from the warm waters near the B. precipitation
equator to the colder waters in other parts C. sea ice melting
of the world. What is the main cause of
D. evaporation
these currents?
A. Differences in topography along the 5987. What causes TIDES?
ocean floor
B. Differences in density of ocean water
C. The rotation of the Earth on its axis
D. Movement of jet streams
5983. A drought is
A. Very high rainfall
B. a period of above average precipita-
A. the pull of Earth’s gravity
tion in a certain region
B. the pull of the Moon’s gravity
C. a period of below average precipita-
tion in a certain region C. the pull of the ocean’s gravity
D. a desert D. the pull of the ocean’s waves

1.1 HYDROLOGY 687
5988. The permeation of a liquid into some- 5992. The process in which water vapor in the
thing by filtration. air is changed into liquid water is called:

A. evaporation A. evaporation
B. condensation B. transpiration
C. infiltration C. sublimation
D. precipitation D. condensation
5993. What is another name for the water cy-

5989. What is the correct sequence as water cle?
moves from the oceans to the land in the
water cycle? A. weather
A. precipitation, evaporation, condensa- B. atmospheric cycle

tion, runoff C. hydrologic cycle
B. evaporation, condensation, precipita- D. precipitation
tion, runoff
5994. Valleys cut deep into the ocean floor
C. runoff, precipitation, evaporation, con-
A. Plankton
densation
B. Salinity
D. evaporation, precipitation, runoff, con-
densation C. Surface Current
D. Ocean Trench
5990. Which statement is correct based on the
chart? 5995. What do you call the boundary of a wa-
tershed?
A. a waterboundary
B. a divide
C. a seperator
D. a crossing
A. When there’s low evaporation and 5996. Which of the following has the most in-
high rainfall, salinty decreases, density fluence on ocean tides?
decrease and water rises A. suns’ gravity
B. When there’s low evaporation and B. moons’ gravity
high rainfall, salinty increases, density in- C. ocean floor features
crease and water sinks
D. ocean currents
5991. Flat, deep, and smooth part of the ocean 5997. Which of the following forms at a diver-
floor. Cold temperatures are found here. gent boundary?
A. Continental Shelf A. mid-ocean ridge
B. Abyssal Plain B. seamount
C. Continental Slope C. continental slope
D. Seamounts D. ocean trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 688
5998. What is the ocean closest to Georgia? C. Lower pressure air means warmer air.
A. Pacific This warm air rises, and the water vapor
in the air condenses, forming clouds.
B. Atlantic
D. High pressure air means colder air.
C. Southern
This cold air sinks, and the water vapor
D. Artic does not form clouds.
5999. Without oceans, the temperatures of
6003. What percentage of our water is found
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Earth would vary widely from tempera-
in rivers, lakes, groundwater, and ice?
tures that currently exist. Which charac-
teristic of the ocean most likely helps to A. 3%
maintain the temperatures of Earth?
B. 97%
A. depth of the ocean
C. .6%
B. density of the ocean
C. evaporation of the ocean D. .4%
D. amount of humidity near the ocean
6004. Surface ocean currents such as the Gulf
6000. Mass per unit volume Stream
A. Density A. Move warm water from lower latitudes
B. Salinity to higher latitudes
C. Polarity B. Transport cold water from one pole to

another
D. Specific heat
E. Permeable C. Are formed in parts of the ocean
where water density is greatest
6001. Retention is defined as
D. Move in straight paths across the
A. The amount of water that is kept within ocean
soil after it is drained
B. The ability of a soil sample to permit 6005. If water is recycled in the atmosphere,
water to flow through it which best describes why water availabil-
ity on Earth is decreasing?
C. The percentage of empty space in a
soil sample A. An increase in droughts is slowly re-
D. What happens to water that cannot ducing freshwater reservoirs.
soak through a soil sample B. Due to an increase in Earth’s temper-
6002. Why do clouds usually form over areas ature, evaporation rates continue to in-
of low-pressure air? crease reducing liquid water on the sur-
face.
A. Lower pressure air means warmer air.
This warm air sinks, and the water vapor C. Earth’s freshwater continues to be-
in the air condenses, forming clouds. come more polluted, reducing the supply
of freshwater safe for humans to con-
B. High pressure air means colder air.
sume.
This cold air rises, and the water vapor in
the air freezes, forming hail. D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 689
6006. How does the Fujita scale measure a tor- 6011. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
nado’s intensity? southern hemisphere moves

A. by analyzing the damage the tornado A. clockwise
has done & matching that to wind speeds B. counter-clockwise
B. by only looking at the wind speed C. both
C. by looking at the number of buildings D. neither
the tornado destroys
6012. What feature of the ocean floor forms
D. by analyzing the wind speeds and at a subduction zone and creates the deep-
width of the tornado est location in the ocean?
6007. What phase of the water cycle causes
salinity to increase?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation A. continental shelf
D. run-off B. continental slope
6008. What process brings the deep cold ocean C. ocean trench
currents up to the surface? D. abyssal plain
A. Conduction 6013. What might increase the rate of ero-
B. Global Wind Patterns sion?
C. Upwelling A. speed of the water
D. Temperature and salinity B. removing vegetation form a river bank
C. a steep river gradient
6009. Which letter is the Slope?
D. all of the above
6014. a gently sloping, shallow area of the
ocean floor that extends outward form the
edge of the continent
A. B B. continental slope
B. C C. abyssal plain
C. D D. mid-ocean ridge
D. F 6015. After condensation, the droplets of wa-

ter in the clouds fall to the earth in differ-
6010. Fertilizer runoff can cause ent forms
A. algae growth in water A. precipitation
B. lake to dry up B. condensation
C. water to freeze C. evaporation
D. flooding D. ground water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 690
6016. What is it called when plants give off A. amplitude

water vapor through their leaves?
B. crest
C. trough
D. wavelength
6020. Which of the following does NOT cause

water pollution?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. oil spills
A. condensation B. garbage
B. evaporation C. fertilizers from farms
C. sublimation D. smoke
D. transpiration
6021. What is shown at B?
6017. Imagine that you are in a very humid
rainforest with many different species of
plants. What process creates the moisture
in the air from the release of water from
these plant leaves?
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
A. Mouth
D. transpiration
B. Bed
C. Source
D. Floodplain
6022. Study the Water Use graph above.

Which water conservation solution below
would help us save the MOST water if we
A. wave height all adopted it?
B. wavelength
C. crest
D. trough
6019. What property of the wave is repre-
sented by the letter “B”?
A. drip irrigation to reduce the amount of

water lost when watering lawns and gar-
dens

1.1 HYDROLOGY 691
B. turn off water faucet while brushing 6027. During a lunar eclipse
your teeth A. Earth’s shadow covers the moon

C. water-saving toilets to reduce the B. the sun’s shadow covers the moon
amount of water we flush
C. the moon covers the sun
D. short showers instead of baths
D. Earth’s shadow covers the sun
6023. Which of the following features is made
6028. 3% of Earths surface water is found in
up of a range of mountains the wind
Freshwater.
through the ocean?
A. true
A. seamount
B. false
B. trench
C. abyssal plain 6029. These are the three main jobs of wet-
lands.
D. mid-ocean ridge
6024. What percent of Earth is covered by salt

water?
A. 55%
B. 65%
A. provide habitats, store flood waters,
C. 75% purify water
D. none of above B. provide habitats, store plant life, purify
water
6025. Which tides occur during full/new
moon? C. purify water, store wildlife, provide
habitats
D. purify the land, store flood waters, pro-
vide habitats
physical properties of water is likely to im-
prove the biotic index of a NC stream?
A. Dissolved oxygen
A. Neap B. Suspended solids
B. New C. Decaying matter
C. Spring D. Algae growth
D. none of above
6031. A measure of how difficult it is to
6026. The transition zone between dry areas stretch or break the surface of a liquid
of land and bodies of water are called: A. Surface tension
A. Wetlands B. Cohesion
B. Watersheds C. Heat Capacity
C. Divides D. Capillary action
D. Estuaries E. Permeability

1.1 HYDROLOGY 692
6032. Radiation is the transfer of heat B. water cycle

A. through liquids and gases. C. precipitation
B. through empty space. D. hydrosphere
C. through direct contact.
D. through liquid and contact. 6038. Which ocean is number 4?
6033. What statement is true about ocean
NARAYAN CHANGDER
trenches?
A. They are located at the rift zone
B. They are almost as deep as valleys
found on land
C. They are the deepest part of the ocean
basin. A. Atlantic Ocean
D. They are made up of low hills and flat B. Arctic Ocean

plains. C. Southern Ocean
6034. A tsunami is an unusually large wave D. Pacific Ocean
caused by what?
A. an earthquake or volcano 6039. Water cycle important for us, except?
B. increased gravitational pulls when the A. Industrialization
sun and moon line up
B. Burning
C. a heat wave
C. Agriculture
D. extreme winds
D. For domestic use
6035. What does an ocean’s salinity refer to?
A. the depth of the ocean trenches. 6040. Water above the surface of the land,
B. the height of the waves. including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds,
floodwater, and runoff.
C. the temperature level of the water.
A. Surface Water
D. the level of minerals in the water.
B. Groundwater
6036. Which of the following terms describes
the process by which water seeps into the C. River Basin
ground and becomes groundwater? D. Watershed
A. Infiltration
B. Permeability 6041. air sinks/falls because it is
dense.
C. Porosity
A. Cold, More
D. Transpiration
B. Warm, Less
6037. Which of the following terms refers to
all of Earth’s water? C. Cold, Less
A. dew point D. Warm, More

1.1 HYDROLOGY 693
6042. What ocean is represented by letter A? 6046. Individual mountains of volcanic mate-
rial on the ocean floor
A. Volcanic Island

B. Guyot
C. Mid-ocean Ridge
D. Seamount
6047. How many oceans are there?

A. Southern
B. Indian
C. Pacific
D. Atlantic
6043. Which of the following is NOT surface
water?
A. 3
A. rivers
B. 4
B. lakes
C. 5
C. swamps
D. 6
D. oceans
6048. What is transpiration?
6044. At the poles, cold air
A. when water evaporates
A. rises
B. when water evaporates from the
B. evaporates
ocean
C. spins in a circle
C. When water evaporates from a trans-
D. sinks parent object
6045. Approximately what percent of the D. when water evaporates from plants
Earth is covered by water?
6049. The map below represents the expan-
sion of a community around a lake from
1967-1997:From 1967-1997 how is the
quality of groundwater and surface water
likely to change?
A. 71%
A. Groundwater quality and surface wa-
B. 29% ter quality will improve
C. 50% B. Groundwater quality and surface wa-
D. 97% ter quality will get worse

1.1 HYDROLOGY 694
C. Groundwater quality will improve C. Lower Course

while surface water will get worse D. none of above
D. Groundwater quality will get worse
6054. What is Dissolved Oxygen?
while surface water quality will improve
A. The amount of heat in the water.
6050. If high tide occurred at 1:29 AM on Tues-
B. The amount of oxygen in the water.
day, what time did the next high tide oc-
cur? C. The clearness or cloudiness of the wa-
ter.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The acidity of the water.
6055. As salinity of water increases, the den-
sity increases. True or False
A. 1:58 AM Wednesday A. True
B. 6:53 PM Tuesday B. False
C. 12:35 PM Tuesday
6056. How do pressure and density change as
D. 1:14 PM Wednesday you descend through the water column?
6051. Why don’t global winds blow up and A. pressure increases, density decreases
down? B. pressure decreases, density in-
A. Because the Earth spins super fast creases
C. pressure decreases, density de-
B. wind does blow up and down
creases
C. the coriolis effect
D. pressure increases, density increases
D. none of above
6057. The picture below shows what happens
6052. Highest point of a wave when a glass of water is left in the sun-
A. glaciers shine for a period of time. Which process
can a scientist explain with this model?
B. crest
C. density
D. amplitude
6053. In which course is the river the widest

from side to side? (bank to bank)
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. transpiration
D. precipitation
6058. Globally, precipitation far exceeds evap-
oration.
A. Upper Course A. True
B. Middle Course B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 695
6059. A polar ice cap or polar cap is a high- 6064. Water has a Higher/Lower specific heat
latitude region of a planet. capacity than sand. / Water has a
higher/lower specific heat capacity than

A. polar ice
sand.
B. swamp
A. Higher
C. aquifer
B. Lower
D. fresh water
6065. How does air temperature affect humid-
6060. What kind of tide is depicted in the imity?
age?
A. warmer air = lower humidity colder
air = higher humidty
B. temperature does not affect humidity
C. colder air = lower humidity warmer
air = higher humidity
D. warm air and cold air = high humidity
A. Full moon tide
6066. Which shows the order of Earth’s three
B. Neap tide major oceans from largest to smallest
C. Half moon tide A. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian
D. Spring tide B. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian
6061. When two dissimilar particles stick to- C. Indian, Atlantic, Pacific
gether like water droplets on the outside D. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific
of your cup is an example of?
6067. How does global warming affect the hy-
A. polarity
drologic cycle?
B. adhesion
A. It causes random variations in the cy-
C. pH cle.
D. density B. It doesn’t affect the cycle at all.
6062. What is a continental shelf? C. It causes the cycle to accelerate.
A. Gently sloping, shallow area D. It causes the cycle to decelerate.
B. Underwater, inactive volcanic moun- 6068. Water that is safe to drink is known as
tains
A. potable water
C. A smooth, flat area on the ocean floor
B. safe water
D. A geyser on the ocean floor
C. basic water
6063. The amount of space between particles. D. alkaline water
A. Runoff
6069. Which water treatment technique ex-
B. Surface water periment was demonstrated today in the
C. Permeability lab?
D. Porosity/Pore space A. Distillation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 696
B. Adsorption 6074. What causes The Great Pacific Garbage

C. Chemical oxidation Patch to form?
D. none of above A. Ocean Currents

B. Surface Winds
6070. The main factor stimulating evapora-
tion? C. Tropical Storms
A. Hight temperature D. Container Ship Sinking
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Dryness
6075. Examples of permeable materials in-
C. Solar energy clude all except
D. Humidity A. rocks
6071. Where does most evaporation occur? B. sand
A. Land C. clay
B. Clouds D. soil
C. the Ocean
6076. What is groundwater?
D. the atmosphere
A. Water in oceans
6072. What is a delta? B. Water underground
C. Rivers and lakes
D. Glaciers
6077. If density of air is high, pressure is:

A. high
B. low
6078. In the diagram, the letter A best repre-

sents
A. Area of water
B. slope of land
C. fan shaped mass of material deposited
at the mouth of a stream
D. sediments deposited at a river
6073. A is a ridge, or a continuous line of

high land, from which water flows in dif-
ferent directions.
A. drainage basin A. runoff
B. delta B. water table
C. divide C. watershed
D. glacier D. confining layer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 697
6079. Which does not impact the infiltration of 6084. What is groundwater?
water?

A. porosity/permeability of water
B. rate of precipitation
C. water table level
D. amount of pollution in a nearby stream
6080. What is the most abundant salt in sea

water
A. sodium A. Water than flows underground
B. both B. Water runs from the hill
C. Sodium chloride C. Seawater
D. None of the above D. none of above
6081. True/False:Nonpoint-source pollution 6085. True or False:The water cycle is a closed

comes from multiple sources. system, meaning no water enters from be-
yond the system nor leaves the system.
A. True
A. True
B. False B. False
6082. In the hydrologic cycle, the sun provides 6086. A result of upwelling is a/an in nu-
trients in the water.
A. water for evaporation to happen. A. Decrease
B. water for condensation to happen. B. Increase
C. energy to produce lightning. C. No Change
D. energy for water to evaporate. D. none of above

6087. Land area drained by a stream system
6083. The diagram represents the water cycle. is known as what?
Which of the points represents evapora-
tion? A. Tributary
B. Watershed
C. River Basin
D. Aquifer
6088. What area of the ocean floor would
have the greatest amount of pressure be-
ing exerted?
A. point 1 A. trench
B. point 2 B. Rift Valley
C. point 3 C. seamount
D. point 4 D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 698
6089. What causes GLOBAL winds to move in 6093. Which soil would have the greatest per-
all directions? meability rate after a rainstorm?
A. breezes
B. coriolis effect
C. westerlies
D. easterlies
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6090. What allows water to flow over the
earth? A. sand (0.02 cm)
A. Runoff B. silt (0.002 cm)
B. Water C. clay (0.0002 cm)
C. Convection D. none of above
D. Infiltration 6094. During which step of the water cycle
does the water return to the surface of the
6091. are enormous boulders transported
earth from the atmosphere?
and deposited by glaciers, often far from
their source region. A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
6095. Hot coffee is stirred with a spoon; the

spoon gets hot due to
A. conduction
A. Till B. convection
B. Erratics C. radiation
C. Moraines D. none of above
D. Fjords 6096. Read all choices carefully! Of the two
rock samples in the diagram, which one
6092. Explain at least 5 stages of the water has the capability of storing more ground-
cycle. water?
A. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
tion, Infiltration
B. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
tion, Transpiration
C. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita-
tion
D. Evaporation, Condensation, Precipita- A. Sample A because the rock is more
tion, Infiltration, Transpiration porous.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 699
B. Sample B because the rock is more 6100. carry warmer, less dense water
porous. from the equatorial regions to polar re-
gions (Ex. Gulf Stream)

C. Sample A because the rock is more
permeable A. trade currents
D. Sample B because the rock is more B. coriolis currents
permeable
C. surface currents
6097. Surface currents are mainly caused by
D. deep currents
6101. What causes surface currents to move

in circular paths?
A. strong winds
B. the Coriolis effect
C. salinity
D. the Global Ocean Conveyor
A. The Coriolis Effect 6102. When wind, water, or ice leave materi-
B. Cold and Warm Water als in a location, this is known as:
C. Convection A. Weathering
D. Wind B. Erosion
6098. One of the characteristics of ocean wa- C. Deposition
ter that causes ocean currents is salinity.
D. Transportation
Differences in salinity can generate move-
ment in the ocean because the amount of
6103. What is groundwater?
dissolved salt in ocean water correlates
to- A. Water that has infiltrated the soil and
A. how quickly it evaporates. is stored in the spaces between sediment
particles
B. its ability to conduct electricity.
B. water in the ocean
C. the latitude where it is found.
C. water running down a mountain
D. the density of the water.
D. water that sits on plant leaves
6099. Name ocean floor feature F.
6104. An is an area found underground
usually made of permeable gravel, sand,
sandstone, or limestone where groundwa-
ter can be found and extracted.
A. abyssal plain A. Aquifer
B. continental slope B. Spring

C. continental shelf C. Well
D. trench D. Reservoir

1.1 HYDROLOGY 700
6105. hot springs that shoot jets of steam and B. Water cooling
heated water into the air C. When a liquid substance becomes a
A. aquifer gas
B. glacier D. none of above
C. geyser
6110. pH measures the concentration of what
D. high tide type of ions?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6106. Which of the following will increase due A. Helium
to stormwater runoff? B. Hydrogen
A. the amount of water pollution prob-
6111. Which of the following forms surface
lems
currents on Earth?
B. the amount of solid trash in the local
A. Gravitational pull of the moon
aquifer
B. Wind and the coriolis effect
C. the amount of water that is potable
C. High tides and low tides
D. the amount of biodiversity in local wa-
tersheds D. Movement of magma in the mantle
6107. A single, identifiable source of pollution, 6112. Temperature and salinity impacts in
such as a pipe or a drain. Industrial wastes the ocean
are commonly discharged to rivers and the A. size
sea in this way.
B. volume
A. Point source pollution
C. density
D. composition
6108. Most of the Earth’s water is found in
6113. Which of the following contains MOST
of the water on Earth?
A. the oceans
B. Watersheds
C. the atmosphere
D. Ice and aquifers
6114. The Coriolis effect is

A. The curvature of things as they move
A. glaciers across the Earth’s surface.
B. lakes B. The reflection of the Sun’s light on the
C. oceans moon.
D. rivers C. The heating of the earth by green-

house gasses.
6109. How does evaporation happen? D. What determines the speed at which
A. Water heating the Earth spins.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 701
6115. is the study of water molecules and C. biological indicators of water quality
their movement through the water cycle. D. not indicators of water quality

A. Waterology
6120. A layer of porous and permeable ma-
B. Hydrology terial such as sand, gravel, limestone,
C. Psychology through which water flows and is stored.
D. Geology A. Sinkhole
6116. V-shaped channels like the Grand B. Limestone
Canyon are formed by C. Aquifer
D. Cave
6121. Which picture shows a cold front?
A.
A. a sudden decrease in stream gradient

B.
B. stream downcutting
C. streams overflowing their banks 6122. A lake that stores water for human use
D. streams capturing another stream is called a(n)
A. reservoir
6117. Why do currents in the northern and
southern hemisphere move opposite to B. ocean
one another? C. dam
A. because of density D. pond
B. because of temperature
6123. A region or area that drains ultimately
C. Coriolis Effect to a particular watercourse or body of wa-
D. Storms ter is a ?
6118. Which is formed when a section of A. Area of saturation

impermeable rock forces groundwater to B. Water table
move laterally and emerge onto the sur- C. Watershed
face of the Earth? (EEn 2.3.2)
D. Porosity
A. a spring
B. an aquifer 6124. There are many bodies of water in or
next to Georgia, including Lake Blackshear
C. a geyser
and the Atlantic Ocean. What is most
D. a well likely a difference between the water in
Lake Blackshear and the water in the At-
6119. Temperature, turbidity, and suspended lantic Ocean?
sediment are all
A. The water in Lake Blackshear is always
A. chemical indicators of water quality much colder than the water in the Atlantic
B. physical indicators of water quality Ocean.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 702
B. The water in the Atlantic Ocean is part 6128. In the water cycle, as water rises in the
of the water cycle, but the water in the atmosphere, the vapor starts to and
Lake Blackshear is not. forms clouds in the process called
C. The water in Lake Blackshear comes A. Cool / precipitation.
from rivers, while the water in the Atlantic B. Cool / condensation
Ocean comes from rain.
C. Heat up / precipitation.
D. The water in the Atlantic Ocean con-
D. Heat up / condensation.
tains more dissolved salts than the water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
in Lake Blackshear. 6129. Which best explains how nutrients, salt,
sediment and pollutants get into estuaries
6125. What process bringsnutrient richdeep and oceans?
cold ocean waterup to the surface?
A. from precipitation falling over the estu-
aries and oceans
B. from organisms living and dying in es-
tuaries and oceans
C. from rivers and streams flowing into
estuaries and oceans
D. from asteroids and comets impacting
Earth at estuaries and oceans
6130. The rising of cold water from deeper

A. Conduction layers to replace warmer surface water is
called
A. the Coriolis effect
C. Upwelling
B. a surface current
C. upwelling
6126. Nutrients are brought to the surface for D. reflection
phytoplankton to use at
6131. What is letter C pointing to?
A. gyres
B. eddies
C. upwelling
D. the equator
6127. An object that has kinetic energy must A. abyssal plain

be B. seamount
A. at rest C. mid-ocean ridge
B. lifted above the Earth’s surface D. continental shelf
C. in motion 6132. What are the 2 main parts of a wave?
D. none of these answers A. break and swell

1.1 HYDROLOGY 703
B. height and length

C. crest and trough

D. rise and dip
B.
6133. Which best explains the relationship be-
tween water stored in the ocean and wa-
ter stored in groundwater?
A. Water stored in groundwater enters
the ocean directly as discharge, but ocean
water does not enter groundwater.
B. Water stored in the ocean remains
separate from water stored in groundwa-
ter, and the two sources of water do not C.
interact.
C. Water from the ocean enters ground-
water directly through the soil by infiltra-
ocean water. D. none of above
D. Water from the ocean evaporates, con- 6135. Many people that live in remote areas
denses, and forms precipitation which en- get their water from the following source:
ters groundwater through the soil by infil-
A. surface water
tration, but groundwater enters the ocean
directly as discharge. B. groundwater
6134. What is the relationship for the vari- C. glaciers

ables given in the image? D. ocean
6136. A student draws a model to represent

the precesses involved in the water cycle,
as shown. To which process is the forma-
tion of clouds related?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Freezing
D. Melting
6137. The Labrador Current runs from the Arc-

A.
tic Circle south along the coast of Canada
and Greenland. How would this current af-
fect the climate of Canada and Greenland?
A. It would make it warm and dry

1.1 HYDROLOGY 704
B. It would make it cool and dry 6141. What two factors affect the density of
ocean water?
C. It would make it warm and wet
A. Salinity and Pressure
D. It would make it cool and wet
B. Pressure and Temperature
6138. What is being shown in the diagram? C. Salinity and Temperature
D. Nothing affects the density of ocean
water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6142. Runoff picks up whatever is on the
ground including
A. fertilizer and pesticides
B. household chemicals and soap from
washing cars
A. Solar Eclipse
C. chemicals from factories
B. Lunar Eclipse
D. oil
C. Full Moon E. all the above
D. Supernova
6143. In the future, risk of flood increase be-
6139. What is the capacity of porous materi- cause of
als, such as sand and gravel, to transmit A. urbanization
water? B. change in climate
A. Permeability C. Poplulation Growth
B. Porosity D. all of the above
C. Infiltration 6144. The terms basic and acidity refer to
D. Erosion what water quality indicator?
A. pH
6140. As density increases what happens to
B. dissolved oxygen
salinity?
C. turbidity
D. temperature
6145. What is the sequence of the energy
transformations represented in this dia-
gram of a moving car?
A. As density increases salinity increases

B. As density increases salinity de-
creases
C. As density increases salinity remains
constant
D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 705
A. mechanical to chemical to radiant

B. radiant to chemical to electrical

C. mechanical to electrical to radiant
D. radiant to electrical to mechanical
6146. Above a continent, a warm air mass

slowly passes over a cold air mass. As A. transpiration
the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. B. evaporation
What will most likely happen next? C. condensation
A. lightning will strike D. runoff
B. hail will form 6151. The transformation of water vapor back
C. hurricanes will form into liquid water by cooling is called
D. rain will fall
6147. An area where groundwater is stored is

called an
A. Neap tide
B. Spring Tide A. condensation
C. Aquifer B. evaporation
D. impermeable layer 6152. The powers, or drives, the water cy-
cle
6148. Where does most of the precipitation A. Moon
that falls back to Earth’s go?
B. Gravity
A. the oceans C. Sun
B. underground D. Earth
C. lakes and rivers 6153. The Global Winds are ?
D. glaciers A. Polar Easterlies, Polar Norths, South-
ern Easterlies
6149. what are the types of precipitation? B. Polar Easterlies, Westerlies, Trade
A. convective Winds
B. cyclonic C. Polar Easterlies, Land Breeze, Sea

Breeze
C. orographic D. Polar Westerlies, Easterlies, Trade
D. all the above Winds
6154. Which cools faster, land or water?
6150. The leaves in the image lose water as
it moves into the surrounding air. What is A. land
this process called? B. water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 706
6155. How is the beach structure below B. precipitation

beneficial in protecting recreational C. radiation
beaches?ment loss
D. runoff
6160. Water that exists underground in satu-

rated zones beneath the land surface.
A. runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. watershed
A. it creates sand dunes along the shore- C. baseflow
line
D. groundwater
B. it accelerates sediment loss
C. it reduces sediment loss and controls 6161. This process in the water cycle is respon-
erosion sible for creating the Clouds you see in the
sky.
D. they reflect waves and reduce flooding
A. Evaporation
6156. If an atom gains two electrons what B. precipitation
charge will it have?
C. wind
A. -2
D. condensation
B. -1
C. +1 6162. Which continent is located at #5?
D. +2
6157. Coral animals survive best in warm wa-

ter. Which material is most abundant in
warm water?
A. carbon dioxide
A. South America
B. oxygen
B. Asia
C. nitrogen
C. Australia
D. none of above
D. Antarctica
6158. What is the primary cause of tides on
Earth? 6163. What source of energy is essential to
the water cycle?
A. the gravitational force of the Moon and
Sun A. Geothermal
B. the Sun’s electromagnetic energy B. Sun light/ heat from sun
C. Earth’s magnetic field C. wind
D. Earth’s rotation D. water
6159. water that falls to the ground as rain, 6164. Which represents the distribution of wa-
snow, sleet, freezing rain, or hail ter on Earth?
A. transpiration A. 3% freshwater, 97% salt water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 707
B. 97% freshwater, 3% salt water A. it moves water from Earth’s surface

C. 71% freshwater, 29% salt water into the atmosphere

B. it moves water from Earth’s surface
D. 29% freshwater, 71% salt water
under the ground
6165. A Tropical Cyclone is a: C. it heats Earth
A. A low pressure zone that occurs in the D. it cools Earth
northern hemisphere only
6170. Most of the salt in the oceans is , or
B. A high-pressure zone with high winds
common table salt?
C. Zone of low pressure with clockwise A. Sodium chloride
winds in the northern hemisphere
B. Potassium chloride
D. Zone of low pressure with anticlock-
wise winds in the northern hemisphere C. Magnesium chloride
D. Calcium carbonate
6166. A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep
ocean floor 6171. How are waves formed?
A. Topography A. caused by clouds blowing on across
the surface of the water
B. ocean current
B. caused by a tornado that blows across
C. trench
the surface of the water
D. Abyssal plain
C. caused by precipitation that blows
6167. What process of the water cycle is being across the surface of the water
shown in this animation? D. caused by wind that blows across the
surface of the water
6172. Air masses get their characteristics

based off on
A. Where they form
B. The amount of heat they contain
A. evaporation
C. What they contain
B. transpiration
D. The amount of moisture in the air
C. precipitation
D. condensation 6173. Where is most of Earth’s freshwater lo-
cated?
6168. What is sonar A. Lakes
A. Ice Cream B. Rivers
B. Sound navigating and ranging C. Ice caps and glaciers
C. Korean Pop D. Oceans and seas
D. Cellphones measuring distance
6174. Carbon dioxide and seawater combine
6169. What role does evaporation play in the to form
water cycle? A. calcium carbonate

1.1 HYDROLOGY 708
B. carbon monoxide A. 96.5%

C. carbonic acid B. 3.5%
D. none of above C. 1.74%
6175. What is letter A? D. 75%
6179. What is the most abundant salt in sea

water?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Calcium chloride
B. Sodium chloride
A. Cont. Shelf C. Magnesium chloride
B. Cont. Slope D. Potassium chloride
C. Seamount 6180. Why does the egg not sink or float?
D. Abyssal Plain
6176. Which process of the water cycle below

is controlled by gravity?
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. transpiration
D. infiltration
6177. what is a spring tide

A. when you go to the ocean and tides are A. it is more dense than the water
weak B. it is less dense than the water
B. when you go to the ocean and tides are C. it has the same density as the water
strong
D. it is light
C. when the atmosphere is full
6181. The area of land drained by a river and
D. when the sun and the moon and the
its tributaries
earth are lined up
A. Watershed
6178. What percentage of the planet is cov-
B. Drainage basin
ered in Water?
C. River area
D. Groundwater
6182. Water that does not soak into the

ground becomes
A. clouds
B. water table
C. runoff
D. saturated

1.1 HYDROLOGY 709
6183. Which of the following questions can A. Sewage

best answered by the data presented in B. Farming
the chart above? (pick 2)

C. Off-Shore Drilling
A. Which two salt elements are the most
abundant in seawater? D. Tourism
B. What are the types of seawater? 6188. What is the main feeding source for the
C. How does seawater differ from fresh- river of dominating sandy soils on sum-
water? mer?
D. Which “other” elements make up sea- A. Rain surface runoff
water? B. Surface runoff of melting ice and snow
6184. Which of the following is how water C. Underground water runoff
is returned to the Earth from the atmo- D. none of above
sphere?
A. Evaporation 6189. How does air pressure change as you
climb a mountain?
B. Transpiration
A. it decreases (less air pressure)
C. Runoff
B. it increases (more air pressure)
D. Precipitation
C. stays the same
6185. Florida’s bedrock is
D. the temperature gets warmer
A. Granite
6190. Without the the water cycle would
B. Limestone
not occur.
C. Obsidian
A. animals
D. Quartz
B. ice caps
6186. Choose the correct option C. bacteria
D. suns energy
6191. The is an area beneath the Earth’s

surface that is completely filled with wa-
ter.
A. 2
A. turbidity
B. 3
B. saturation zone
C. 4
C. of water table
D. 5
D. none of above
6187. Which of the following is the most com-
mon source of ocean pollution. 6192. When water is evaporated into the air,
energy from the sun changes the water
from a liquid to a gas. What is the name
of the gas?
A. snow
B. ice

1.1 HYDROLOGY 710
C. water 6197. Where is most of Earths Freshwater?

D. water vapor A. Frozen in Ice caps
6193. A body of saline water that composes B. Frozen in Glaciers

much of a planet’s hydrosphere.
C. Both
A. ocean
D. None
B. river
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. lake 6198. Which phase of the water cycle occurs
when water changes from a liquid to a
D. aquifer
gas?
6194. What type of water pollution would go A. Condensation
along with a construction site where all
the vegetation gets taken out? B. Evaporation
A. toxic C. Precipitation
B. sediment D. Runoff
C. nutrient
6199. How exactly do glaciers form lakes?
D. bacterial
A. Only the melting of glaciers causes the
6195. The Gulf Stream is a current that brings bowl shape area.
warm ocean water from the south to the
B. The glaciers formed during the ice age
north. What type of heat transfer is this?
in calderas that were already shaped by
geological activity.
C. The movement of those large glacial
deposits eroded the land over time.
D. None of these are correct.
6200. Which image best shows the density of

the atmosphere?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
D. Insolation
6196. During a drought, a stream dries up and A.

doesn’t have any water.
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 711

B. A. bogs
B. stream
C. marshes
D. swamps
6203. The process by which water vapor in the
air becomes liquid water
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
C. 6204. Two conditions are required for cloud
formation:cooling of the air and
A. the unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
B. the influence of the Coriolis effect.
C. the presence of particles in the air.
D. the absorption of infrared energy.
D. none of above
6205. How does temperature and salinity af-
6201. What term matches best with #8? fect density?
A. High temperature and high salinity =
high density
B. High temperature and low salinity =
high density
C. Low temperature and high salinity =
high density
D. Low temperature and low salinity =
A. infiltration
high density
B. groundwater
6206. Water stored in the unsaturated zone
C. runoff above the water table is called
D. evaporation A. groundwater
E. surface water B. soil water
6202. Which of the following is NOT a type of C. surface water
wetland? D. none of these

1.1 HYDROLOGY 712
6207. If the ground is saturated, water will A. Condensation because the tempera-
become and flow directly into streams, ture of the air nearest the bottle has in-
rivers, or lakes. creased causing water droplets to form.
A. hydrologic B. Condensation because the tempera-
B. runoff ture of the air nearest the bottle has de-
C. transpiration
D. water table 6212. Farmers have long used aquifers as a
source of groundwater for irrigation, but
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6208. What is the lowest point of a wave when water is conserved, they have to dig
called? even deeper into the Earth to extract the
A. crest water they need. Which argument do you
believe that farmers will face using this
B. trough
process?
C. breaker
A. Argument 1:This is a costly process,
D. peak and it can have a huge impact on the agri-
culture industry.
6209. What is the continuous movement of
water from the oceans to the air and land, B. Argument 2:This is an affordable pro-
and back to the oceans? cess, and it can have a huge impact on the
agriculture industry.
A. carbon cycle
C. Argument 3:Groundwater is a valuable
B. nitrogen cycle
resource in the United States only and
C. water cycle farmers will not have a problem with need-
D. run-off ing water for their crops.
D. Argument 4:Groundwater is a valuable
6210. This is a permeable layer of soil be-
resource in the United States and through-
tween two impermeable layers of rock
out the world, but farmers have an unlim-
that stores water to supply wells.
ited supply.
A. aquifer
B. geyser 6213. The oceans absorb much of the sunlight
reaching Earth. When water in the oceans
C. bed load absorb sunlight and heat up, what process
D. watershed can happen to the water?
6211. You grab a bottle of water from the A. accumulation

fridge and set it on the counter. When B. condensation
you come back for it 2 hours later, water C. evaporation
droplets have formed on the outside of the
water bottle. What is this an example of? D. precipitation
6214. Define the term “mass”.
A. Mass/Volume
B. Anything that has mass and takes up
space
C. The amount of space an object occu-
pies.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 713
D. The amount of matter in an object. 6220. What is the term for water’s ability to
defy gravity and climb up a tube?
6215. All the water on and in the Earht’s crust

make up
A. groundwater
B. surface water
C. the hydrosphere
D. the zone of saturation
6216. The is an area below Earth’s surface
that is completely filled with water.
A. Turbidity
C. Water Table
D. none of above
6217. What season is it in the Southern Hemi-
sphere in the picture? A. Capillary Action
B. Specific Heat
C. Universal Solvent
D. Magic
6221. In what area would you most likely find

A. Summer a divide?
B. Fall
C. Spring
D. Winter
6218. Winds are named from where
A. they blow from
B. they blow to
C. equator
D. north pole
6219. Which of the following in NOT an exam-
ple of point source pollution? A. a valley
A. Discharge from a treatment plant
B. a plain
B. Runoff from snow
C. a mountain
C. Waste from industries
D. none of above D. a hill

1.1 HYDROLOGY 714
6222. Which of the following best explains 6226. Karst topography is characterized by
why surface currents turn in opposite di- the existence of many
rections above and below the equator? A. Wells
A. Surface currents are affected by the B. Geysers
rotation of Earth, and this is called the
C. Sinkholes
Coriolis effect.
D. Springs
B. Surface currents are affected by the
rotation of Earth, and this is called the cir- 6227. Of all the fresh water on Earth, how
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cular effect. much is found in ground water?
C. The density of the water above and be- A. 97%
low the equator line is opposite, causing B. 50%
the currents to rotate in opposite direc-
tions. C. 25%
D. 11%
D. The temperature of the water above
and below the equator is opposite, caus- 6228. A water molecule looks like
ing the currents to rotate in opposite di-
A. smiley face
rections.
B. mickey mouse
6223. What does ¨polar¨ mean? C. a long chain of atoms
A. There are more oxygen atoms than hy- D. grumpy cat
drogen atoms
6229. What type of water pollution would go
B. The oxygen is more negative than the
along with a factory dumping chemicals
hydrogens
into a local river?
C. The hydrogen atoms are more nega- A. toxic
tive than the oxygen atom
B. sediment
D. It means that water can be cold
C. nutrient
6224. What is the most abundant gas in our D. bacterial
atmosphere?
6230. Weathering is how rock gets broken
A. oxygen
into smaller sediment. Erosion is
B. nitrogen A. dropping off sediment somewhere
C. carbon dioxide new
D. sodium chloride B. carrying or transporting sediment
C. a meander
6225. Which is NOT a major drainage basin
(watershed) in PA? D. a water budget
A. Delaware 6231. What is aDelta?
B. Ohio
C. Susquehanna
D. Genesse
E. Conodoguinet

1.1 HYDROLOGY 715
A. A landform that is made of sediment B. Physical-Carbonation

when a river flows into a larger body of C. Chemical-Oxidation
water

D. Chemical-Carbonation
B. A narrow strip of water
C. A deep narrow valley with steep sides 6236. Which abbreviation of an air mass can
be identified as dry and hot?
D. A constructed channel filled with wa-
ter used for navigation, irrigation, or
drainage
6232. Which planet has the hottest tempera-

ture in our solar system?
A. Mercury
B. Venus
C. Mars
A. cP
D. Jupiter
B. mP
6233. Name the ocean floor feature that is an
incline which joins the edge of the continen- C. cT
tal shelf and the abyssal plain. D. mT
A. trench
6237. The upper surface of the underground
B. mid-ocean ridge water
C. continental slope A. water table
D. volcanic island B. porosity
6234. Density and temperature influences C. groundwater
which ocean movement? D. permeability
A. waves
6238. Wave energy drops sand out in the
B. tides ocean and forms a sand bar. Continued de-
C. surface currents position causes the sandbar to rise out of
the ocean and forms
D. deep ocean currents
6235. The picture shows a cave made into lime-

stone from acidic rainwater. This is an ex-
ample of what type of weathering?
A. spits
B. jetties
C. barrier islands
A. Physical-Oxidation D. longshore currents

1.1 HYDROLOGY 716
6239. the process of water soaking into the 6244. When a warm air mass gently slides on
ground top of a cold air mass, and you have driz-
zly rain and then warmer weather, what
A. infiltration
type of front is it?
B. precipitation
A. warm front
C. condensation B. cold front
D. evaporation C. occluded front
NARAYAN CHANGDER
E. transpiration D. stationary front
6240. What are the three components of the 6245. Which abbreviation of an air mass can
Hydrologic cycle? be identified as cold and moist?
A. Evaporation, condensation, precipita-
tion.
B. Evaporation, convection, precipitation
C. Erosion, convection, participation
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition
6241. A wetland that is forested.

A. ocean A. cP
B. river B. mP
C. lake C. cT
D. swamp D. mT
6242. A wet beach towel hanging on a railing 6246. What water cycle process is repre-
to dry is an example of sented by the water droplets hanging from
the cling film?
A. accumulation
B. condensation
C. evaporation
D. precipitation
6243. A rain gauge recorded 125 mm of precip-

itation. It was found later that the gauge
A. The process of transpiration
was inclined at an angle of 20 degree with
the vertical. What is the actual precipita- B. The process of evaporation
tion. C. The process of sublimation
A. 125 mm D. The process of condensation
B. 120 mm
6247. The movement of water sideways
C. 133 mm through the soil
D. 140 mm A. Groundwater Flow

1.1 HYDROLOGY 717
B. Through Flow 6252. Which of the following is the greatest

consumer of water?
C. Percolation

A. home use
D. Surface Runoff
B. agriculture
6248. What would happen if less water evap-
C. industry
orated from the oceans?
D. recreation
A. Ocean levels would increase and there
would be more precipitation. 6253. Tides are caused mainly by what?
B. Ocean levels would decrease and A. Moon’s gravitational pull
there would be more precipitation.
B. Sun’s gravitational pull
C. Ocean levels would increase and there
C. Earth’s gravitational pull
would be less precipitation.
D. none of above
D. Ocean levels would decrease and
there would be less precipitation. 6254. How does temperature and salinity af-
fect deep currents?
6249. Name feature B
A. guyot
B. seamount
A. As temperature decreases and salinity
C. abyssal plain
increases the water becomes more dense
D. volcanic island
B. As temperature decreases and salinity
6250. what is the definition of a tide increases the water becomes less dense
A. daily rise and fall of water 6255. Winds are created by differences in
B. gravitational pull of the moon A. air temperature
C. based on the position of the moon B. air pressure
D. changes every 6 hours C. altitude
D. humidity
6251. The role of forest vegetation in the hy-
drological cycle is 6256. A higher rate of evaporation will cause
A. increase infiltration power a higher level of salinity.
B. supports condensation A. True
C. speed up the evaporation process B. False
D. accelerate the saturation of water va- 6257. Which of the following is a conversion
por from CHEMICAL to THERMAL energy?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 718
A. food is digested and used to regulate 6261. How much salt water covers the earth?
body temperature A. 55%
B. charcoal is burned in a BBQ pit B. 65%
C. coal is burned to boil water C. 75%
D. all of these examples D. 85%
6258. The graph shows the distribution of wa- 6262. Evaporation of water from the leaves of
a plant
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter onEarth’s surface.What can be con-
cluded from the image? A. Transpiration
B. Watershed
C. Infiltration
D. Potable
E. Cohesion
6263. The length of river compared to or
divided by the area of the respective
drainage basin is known as the
A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is A. Drainage ratio
found inoceans.
B. Drainage density
B. Most of the water available on Earth is
C. Drainage number
notdrinkable.
D. Drainage factor
drinkable. 6264. The map below represents the expan-
D. Most of the freshwater on Earth is sion of a community around a lake from
found asgroundwater. 1967-1997. From 1967-1997 how is the
quality of groundwater and surface water
6259. What factor primarily influences ocean likely to change?
temperature levels? A. Groundwater quality and surface wa-
A. atmospheric pressure ter quality will improve
B. Groundwater quality and surface wa-
B. ocean depth
ter quality will get worse
C. wave movement
C. Groundwater quality will improve
D. tides while surface water quality will get worse
D. Groundwater quality will get worse
6260. Streamlike movements of water that oc-
while surface water quality will improve
cur at or near the surface of the ocean
caused by wind are called 6265. How could a long-term decrease in pre-
A. jet currents cipitation impact an area?
A. it could increase the average water
B. coriolis currents
level of lakes in the area
C. surface currents
B. it could decrease the amount of possi-
D. deep currents ble inflitration in the area.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 719
6266. What part of the hydrological cycle does 6271. The Sun heats the Earth’s water. This
this picture show? warm water turns into a vapor, and rises
into the atmosphere, where it cools off.

What happens to this water vapor?
A. The water vapor evaporates and es-
capes into space. New water is formed
by precipitation.
B. The water vapor only rises for a very
short time, then settles back into the
ocean unnoticed.
A. condensation C. The water vapor pushes clouds out of

the way as it rises. This causes overcast
B. precipitation conditions to clear.
C. evaporation
D. The water vapor condenses as it cools,
D. none of above then it forms clouds. It later returns to
the Earth as precipitation.
6267. What is Helicoidal Flow?
A. the fastest flow 6272. Most of the water that evaporates on
B. corkscrew flow Earth evaporates from the
C. slowest flow A. lakes
D. turbulent water B. rivers
6268. Which of the following is the result of C. streams

the rotation of Earth? D. oceans
A. Cloud formation
6273. As wind decreases, wave height will
B. Day and night
C. The seasons A. increase and decrease
D. Weather
B. increase
6269. The measure of salt in water is known C. decrease
as
D. have no effect.
A. turbidity
B. polarity 6274. Conduction, Convection, or Radia-
tion?Heat from the sun
C. salinity
D. none of above
6270. What would NOT be shown on a karst
topographic map?
A. Underground water reservoir A. Conduction
B. High Pressure System B. Convection
C. Cavern C. Radiation
D. Sinkhole D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 720
6275. An ABNORMAL CLIMATE EVENT that oc- 6280. What scale is used to rate a tornado?
curs every 2-7 years in. The Pacific Ocean.
A. Saffir-Simpson Scale
A. The boy
B. EF Scale
B. Nano.
C. SIGMET
6276. What is the headwaters for rivers in Col-
orado? D. Lifted Index
A. Appalachian Mountains
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6281. A necessary ingredient for chemical
B. Himalayan Mountains weathering is
C. Rocky Mountains
A. water
D. none of above
B. carbon dioxide
6277. The direct cause of ground water sup-
plies becoming unfit for human use is usu- C. oxygen
ally D. methane
A. An uncontrollable deficit
B. Excessive surface runoff and flooding 6282. is the process by which water on
the ground surface enters the soil rate
C. Very heavy precipitation in soil science is a measure of the rate at
D. Contamination of the saturated zone which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irri-
by pollutants gation.
6278. sublimation is the process of A. Infiltration
A. the process of solid water (usually B. Percolation
snow and ice) turning directly into water
vapour and escaping into the atmosphere C. Deposition
B. the process of liquid water in plants be- D. Condensation
ing released as water vapour and escap-
ing into the atmosphere 6283. Artificial levees are best used to
C. the process of liquid water becoming A. recycle water
solid (ice and snow) in the presence of
very low temperatures. B. cause flooding
D. the process of water vapour in the at- C. prevent flooding
mosphere condensing and falling to earth
as precipitation. D. stop precipitation
6279. Which phase of water in the water cy- 6284. The water that fills the cracks and
cle best drives weather and climate as it spaces in underground soil and rock layers.
travels around Earth?
A. Runoff
A. Ice
B. Surface water
B. Water
C. Water Vapor C. Groundwater
D. none of above D. Aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 721
6285. Which questions can students MOST C. wind

LIKELY ask to determine where water is D. none of above
located on the Earth’s surface?

6289. What is the difference between surface
and density currents? (Student Created)
A. There is no difference
B. The Coriolis Effect
C. Density currents result from density
difference among water masses, Surface
currents develop from frictionn between
A. Is most of the Earth’s freshwater the ocean and wind
found in the oceans?
D. Density currents develop from friction
B. Is most of the Earth’s freshwater between the ocean and wind, Surface
found in groundwater? currents result from density differences
C. Is most of the Earth’s global water among water matter.
available in the oceans?
6290. Which image has a higher porosity?
D. Is most of the Earth’s global water
available on the surface?
6286. Select all characteristics of water

sources that you can observe in the pic-
ture of Mount Timpanogos
A. A
B. B
6291. what is the definition of a current

A. currents that move fast across the
floor
A. Fresh Water
B. Salt Water B. currents that move slowly across the
floor
C. Lakes Rivers
C. currents that move across the sea
D. Snowfields floor with rocks
E. Ocean D. currents that don’t move
6287. A good place for storms
6292. Property of water that allows it to re-
A. A hot current sist temperature change.
B. A cold current A. Density
6288. What causes deep ocean currents? B. Heat of vaporization
A. moon’s gravitational pull C. High specific heat
B. temperature, density, salinity D. Polarity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 722
6293. the “compactness” of a substance 6297. Water absorbs lots of energy, giving it
A. density a high
A. Specific Heat
B. aquifer
B. Polarity
C. porosity
C. Adhesion
D. permeability
D. Cohesion
6294. Why does cool air sink over the poles?
6298. Identify the labeled area of the diagram
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. the air warms and becomes less dense that has the highest pressure. what is this
B. the air warms and becomes more region of the ocean called?
dense
C. the air cools and becomes more dense
D. the air cools and becomes less dense
A. letter D:mid ocean ridge
6295. The best way to conserve and protect
water is through conservation and . B. letter E:trench
A. stewardship C. letter C:continental shelf
B. Ignoring water usage D. letter D:mid ocean ridge
C. Increasing water usage 6299. How does the Benguela Current effect
the climate on the coast of South West
D. Polluting water sources
Africa
Explanation:Conservation and steward-
ship (protection of water) is essential for
the health of our environment and for the
sustainability of our planet. Conservation
involves reducing water use and waste,
and protecting water sources from pollu-
tion and overuse.
A. The cold current creats a colder cli-
6296. Absolute dating measures mate
B. The warm current creates a warmer
climate
C. The cold current creates a warmer cli-
mate
D. The warm current creates a colder cli-
mate.
6300. Which of the following is not a charac-
A. the radioactive decay of material teristic of the upper course of a river?
B. the depth of the fossil relative to sea A. Waterfalls
level B. Meanders
C. climate CO2 concentration C. Rapids
D. the movement of tectonic plates D. Vertical erosion

1.1 HYDROLOGY 723
6301. What phase of the water cycle is letter C. decreases every year
D? D. none of above

6306. Compared to surface currents, deep cur-
rents are
A. warmer and less dense
B. colder and more dense
C. colder and less dense
D. warmer and more dense
A. run off
6307. What is A?
B. evaporation
C. condensation
D. precipitation
6302. Which of these would be the BEST way

to conserve water?
A. Water lawn at noon
B. Take long showers A. Solid
C. Do small loads of laundry B. Liquid
D. Repair leaky pipes C. Gas
D. none of above
6303. Which of these would most likely be
caused by an increase in wind speed in an 6308. As air cools, it tends to forming an
area? area of pressure.
A. increased number of ocean waves A. sink; low
B. increased cloud cover B. rise; high
C. increased chance of the Coriolis Effect C. rise; low
D. increased height of tides D. sink; high
6304. Which river system moves the most 6309. What is upwelling?
freshwater on Earth? A. increase rapidly in temperature
A. Nile River B. increase rapidly in salinity
B. Volga River C. rising of cold nutrient rich water from
C. Amazon River the deep
D. none of above D. deep ocean currents
6305. Time and time again, water cycles 6310. A zone in which all the pores and rock
through Earth. Therefore, the amount of fractures are filled with water, underlies
water on Earth the unsaturated zone.
A. increases every year A. Unsaturated Zone
B. stays the same every year B. Saturated Zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 724
6311. Falls on ground and dissolves limestone, 6315. What is all the water that runs off the
marble, or calcite. surface of the land and washes into rivers,
streams, and other waterways called?
A. Oxidation
B. Carbonic acid
C. Erosion
D. Plant roots
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6312. What causes warm air to rise?
A. the fact that it’s less dense than cold
air
B. The fact that it weighs more than cold
air A. Runoff
C. The fact that it has higher pressure B. Surface Water
than cold C. Storm Drain
D. the fact that its more dense than cold D. Tributary
air
6316. What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
6313. Who mapped the ocean floor?
A. John Foster
B. Marie Tharp
C. Irene Curie
D. Inge Lehmann
A. trench
6314. Compared to column A, since B has a
greater amount of pore space B. ocean ridge
C. Volcanic Island Arc
D. Continental Volcanic Arc
6317. This trench is the deepest part of the

world’s ocean and the deepest location on
the surface of the earth.
A. trench
B. guyot
C. Mariana Trench
A. it will have faster rates of infiltration D. seamount
B. it will have slower rates of infiltration
6318. Which of the following is a true state-
C. It will have the same rate of infiltration ment?
D. It will have a longer time needed to in- A. The velocity at location D is greater
filtrate than the velocity at location A

1.1 HYDROLOGY 725
B. The velocity at location A is greater 6323. The energy source that powers Earth’s
than the velocity at location D water cycle is

C. The velocity at location B is less than A. Earth’s rotation
the velocity at location C B. Heat from the sun
D. The velocity would be the same at all C. Radiation from Earth’s core
locations D. The Sun’s gravity
6319. 97% of the Earth’s water is water. 6324. The process in which water vapor in the
A. salt atmosphere becomes a liquid is called
A. evaporation
B. Fresh
B. condensation
C. Frozen
C. precipitation
D. Polluted
D. runoff
Explanation:97% of the Earth’s water is
found in the oceans, seas, and other bod- 6325. What is a river basin?
ies of salt water. This means that only 3% A. A deep trench in a river
of the Earth’s water is fresh water, which
is found in rivers, lakes, and underground B. The area drained by a river and its trib-
aquifers. utaries
C. A large waterfall
6320. How the lakes are formed? D. A type of fish found in rivers
A. By the action of glaciers
6326. When water is pumped from coastal
B. By wind wells, a path is created for
C. By the action of humans A. the water to runoff into the sea
D. All of the above B. the water to runoff into a pond
C. the water to runoff into the aquifer
6321. Which type of ocean movement varies
depending on the current moon phase?
A. Current 6327. When stuck in a rip current, you should?
A. Swim toward shore
B. Wave
B. go for a ride
C. Tide
C. swim toward the open ocean
D. none of above
D. Swim horizontal to the shore
6322. When 100 mm of rain falls on an area 6328. Approximately what percent of the
of 10 square meters. How much rainwater Earth’s water is salt water?
falls on the land?
A. 10000 liter
B. 100 liter
C. 1000 liter
D. 10 liter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 726
A. 97% B. D and B
B. 71% C. A and C
C. 1% D. B and C
D. 3% 6334. Which ocean forms our East Coast?
6329. Rank the top three uses of water in our
area from most to least:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Urban, Agricultural, Environmental
B. Urban, Environmental, Agricultural
C. Environmental, Urban, Agricultural
D. Agricultural, Environmental, Urban A. Atlantic Ocean
E. Agricultural, Urban, Environmental B. Pacific Ocean
C. Arctic Ocean
D. Indian Ocean
A. A tidal wave
6335. What is the uppermost zone of the
B. The rise and fall of ocean levels
ocean called?
C. Tsunamis
A. Sunlight
D. Currents
B. Midnight
6331. Water that soaks into the ground and C. Trench
collects in the pores of the rock underlying D. Twilight
the soil
A. ground water 6336. What type of front is shown?
B. salt water
C. glaciers
D. none of above
6332. The part of a river being eaten away by

the current
A. Cutbank A. Warm Front
B. Cold Front
B. Pointbar
C. Occluded Front
6333. Which two letters show high tide?
D. Stationary Front
6337. the land that gets covered by water
from a stream or river during a flood
A. floodplain
B. dune
C. plain
A. C and D D. mountain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 727
6338. How does temperature affect ocean cur- 6343. causes deep ocean currents
rents?
A. The Coriolis Effect

A. Cold water moves fast and will sink. As
the water warms up, it slows down and B. gravity
will rise to the surface. C. wind
B. Warm water moves fast and will sink. D. density differences
As the water cools down, it slows down
and will rise to the surface. 6344. Refer to the diagram above. Which of
C. Cold water is dense and will sink. As the following questions can best be an-
the water warms up, it becomes less swered by the data presented in the graph
dense and will rise to the surface. above? AKS 3d
D. Warm water is dense and will sink. As
the water cools down, it becomes less
dense and will rise to the surface.
6339. Wind-blown particles hit rock, breaking
off tiny pieces or sheets.
A. Oxidation
B. Plant roots A. Is there a direct relationship between
C. Freeze/thaw the density and salinity of ocean water?
D. Exfoliation B. Is there an indirect relationship be-
tween the density and salinity of ocean
6340. The water cycle is driven by water?
A. wind and water C. Does the density of ocean water in-
B. people crease over time?
C. sun and gravity D. Does the salinity of ocean water in-
D. the moon crease over time?
6341. MOUNTAINS whose peaks DO NOT 6345. What is a channel of water that flows
BREAK the surface of the ocean water into a larger one?
above them.
A. Seamount
B. Volcanic island
D. none of above
6342. The vertical distance between the high-
est and lowest points of a wave is called
A. Estuary
A. wavelength
B. wave height B. Floodplain
C. crest C. Wetland
D. trough D. Tributary

1.1 HYDROLOGY 728
6346. Which letter represents a mid-ocean 6351. What is the cause of most ocean SUR-
ridge? FACE currents?
A. gravity
B. the moon
C. the wind
D. Earth’s orbit
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A 6352. The interface between the zone of aera-
B. C tion and zone of saturation
C. D A. Water table
D. G B. Evapotranspiration
C. Atmosphere
6347. Which word descries how deep the wa-
ter is in a given location D. Lithosphere
A. Ocean Trench
6353. What is the term for water that moves
B. Sediment across the surface of the land and enters
C. Depth rivers and streams.
D. Abyssal Plain A. Aquifer

B. Infiltration
6348. The Double Mass curve technique is
adopted to C. Groundwater
A. Check the consistency of rain gauge D. Runoff
records
6354. Snow flurries is an example of
B. To find the average rainfall over a num-
ber of years A. accumulation
C. To find the number of rain gauges re- B. condensation
quired C. evaporation
D. To estimate the missing rainfall data D. precipitation
6349. What direction do rivers flow?
6355. In the morning, your mom pours a hot
A. uphill glass of coffee into her coffee mug and
B. downhill leaves the top off to cool down. She comes
back later to drink her coffee, but notices
C. east to west the amount of coffee has decreased. This
D. north to south would be an example of
A. evaporation
6350. A higher rate of freezing will cause a
lower level of salinity in saltwater. B. condensation
A. True C. precipitation
B. False D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 729
6356. How much saltwater is on Earth? 6361. when you know where the exact place
of pollution is
A. 97%
A. non-point

B. 71%
B. point
C. 3%
C. potable
D. 1% D. non-potable
6357. What is the science that encompasses 6362. very level area of the deep-ocean floor,
the occurrence, distribution, movement usually lying at the foot of the continental
and properties of the waters of earth and rise
their relationship within the phase of wa- A. continental shelf
ter cycle.
B. abyssal plain
A. Geology C. continental rise
B. Hydrology D. continental slope
C. Meteorology 6363. Which property describes water’s abil-
D. Chemistry ity to stick to itself?
A. Cohesion
6358. If Mary wants to save money on her
B. Adhesion
water bill, which of the following would
help her conserve water and save money? C. Specific Heat
A. Fix leaky faucets D. Solubility
B. Take shorter showers 6364. How can we help in a drought?
C. Turn the water off while brushing his A. Use more water
teeth B. Water the garden
D. All of the above C. Have deep baths
D. Save water where we can
6359. How many continents are there in the
world? 6365. Which term refers to the release of wa-
ter vapor from the leaves of plants that
A. 4 recycles water back to the atmosphere?
B. 5 A. Evaporation
C. 6 B. Transpiration
D. 7 C. Runoff
D. Precipitation
6360. People can obtain groundwater by
drilling a well 6366. The patterns of SURFACE currents are
affected by
A. above the water table
B. into an aquifer B. global winds and the Coriolis Effect
C. into the unsaturated zone C. the Moon’s gravitational pull
D. into the impermeable layer D. the Sun’s gravitational pull

1.1 HYDROLOGY 730
6367. Based on what we have learned, which 6372. How does salinity of ocean water
form represents the greatest amount of change with depth
Earth’s freshwater? A. it decreases
A. Lakes B. it increases
B. Rivers C. it gets freezing
C. Glaciers/Ice Caps D. it evaporates
D. Swamps/Wetlands
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6373. This type of current carries warm wa-
ter away from the equator and cool wa-
6368. The distance from one crest to another ter away from the poles. Due to this ac-
is tion, this type of current produces moder-
A. trough ate global temperatures.
B. crest A. Rip Current
C. wave height B. Longshore Current

C. Surface Current
D. wave length
D. Deep Current
6369. The lowest point of a wave is called a
6374. The boundary between the zone of aer-
ation and the zone of saturation is called
A. trench the
B. guyot A. Zone of aeration
C. crest B. Zone of Saturation
D. trough C. water table
D. hydro-boundary
6370. What is erosion?
A. The process of fertilizing soil and land 6375. Deep ocean currents are caused by
by the action of water, wind or ice A. the moon’s gravity
B. The process of building up soil and land B. differences in density
by the action of water, wind or ice C. the Coriolis Effect
C. The process of purifying soil and land D. surface winds
by the action of water, wind or ice
6376. Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all exam-
D. The wearing down or washing away of ples of
soil and land by the action of water, wind
or ice A. evaporation
B. condensation
6371. Water is known as the universal
C. accumulation
A. Solvent D. precipitation
B. To dissolve
6377. Why is so little of Earth’s available wa-
C. Adhesion ter for human use?
D. Polarity A. Most is in ice (polar ice cap or glaciers

1.1 HYDROLOGY 731
B. Most is in the ocean 6383. What letter represents infiltration

C. Most is the clouds

D. Most is evaporates
6378. A type of water pollution that is caused

by smoke and exhaust is
A. Heat pollution
B. Sewage
C. Acid rain
A. D
D. runoff
B. G
6379. Evaporation C. E
A. runoff, groundwater D. F
B. Dehydration
6384. What does the prefix bio mean?
C. evaporation into the air
A. water
D. Seeps underground
B. life
6380. Water that is released to the surface be-
C. land
cause of its own pressure.
A. artesian water D. earth
B. water table 6385. Temperature and salinity differences in

C. levee ocean water cause:
D. sinkhole A. Mid-ocean ridges
B. Deep Currents
6381. Seawater is most dense when
A. When salinity is high and its tempera- C. Surface Currents
ture is high D. High tide and low tide
B. When salinity is low and its tempera-
6386. Which diagram shows the formation of
ture is high
a sea breeze?
C. When salinity is high and its tempera-
ture is low
D. When salinity is low and its tempera-
ture is low
6382. are streams that flow together to

make a river.
A. source A. diagram Y
B. tributaries B. diagram X
C. mouth C. neither
D. drainage basin D. both

1.1 HYDROLOGY 732
6387. How do clouds form?

A. smoke from factories
B. when condensation near land freezes
C. when water vapor condenses and
cools
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6388. When you are drinking a cold glass of
A. Cohesion
water, moisture builds on the outside of
the glass. This is an example of B. Adhesion
C. Polarity
A. precipitation
D. Surface Tension
B. evaporation
6392. What watershed do you live in?
C. transpiration
A. Oconee
D. condensation B. Chattahoochee
C. Mississippi
6389. What is an important result of major
ocean currents? D. none of above
A. transfer of heat away from the equa- 6393. Rain and snow are two different forms
tor of precipitation that fall on Earth’s surface.
Which factor is responsible for there being
B. change in wind direction different forms of precipitation?
C. increase in ocean salinity (salt) A. Evaporation
B. Run-off
D. increase in tectonic plate movement
C. Temperature
6390. The lowest part of the wave is the D. Transpiration
6394. Which of the following would most neg-
atively impact local water availability?
A. drought
B. flood
C. hurricane
D. thunderstorm
A. crest
6395. What is the primary cause of waves?
B. trough A. wind
B. density
6391. When one side of a molecule is + and the
other-because they don’t share electrons C. salinity
equally. D. the moon

1.1 HYDROLOGY 733
6396. These moon phases would cause B. a polar covalent bond

C. a nonpolar covalent bond

D. a hydrogen bond
6400. The fact that ice floats on liquid water

is due to the fact that water’s solid is
than it’s liquid form
A. no difference in high and low tides
B. normal difference in high and low tides
C. small differences in high and low tides
D. big differences in high and low tides
6397. As salinity increases

A. Density decreases
B. Density increases A. less polar
C. Temperature increases B. more polar
D. Temperature decreases C. less dense
6398. Look at the illustration below. What un- D. more dense
derwater feature is illustrated at G?
6401. does not allow water the pass through
A. permeable
B. confluence
C. non-permeable
D. confluence
A. trench
6402. Which will occur if humans continue to
B. mid ocean ridge overload water systems with excess nu-
C. abyssal plain trients?
D. continental shelf A. chemosynthesis
6399. What type of bond is formed when B. eutrophication

shared electrons are attracted to one atom C. nitrification
more than the other? D. photosynthesis
6403. During the land breeze, what starts

moving the cooler air out and warmer air
in?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
A. an ionic bond D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 734
6404. What percentage of freshwater sources B. Rotation

is trapped underground? C. Gravity
A. 31.1%
D. Inertia
B. 30.1%
6411. what is a warm front?
C. 32.1%
D. 68.7% A. cool and clear weather
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6405. The movement of water within the surf
zone that parallels the shore is called C. days of clouds and precipitation
A. tidal current D. large amounts of snow or rain with
cooler temperatures
B. density current
C. longshore current 6412. climate interaction linked to a peri-
odic warming of sea surface temperatures
D. surface current
across the central and east-central Equato-
6406. What dissolves limestone to form rial Pacific
caves? A. drought
A. carbon dioxide B. The boy
B. carbonic acid C. hurricanes
6407. a huge sheet of ice that moves slowly D. tornado
over land
A. glacier
coastal regions?
B. icebereg
A. they produce high and low tides
C. ice cap
B. they can warm or cool the air temper-
D. none of above atures
6408. Are deep currents effected by wind. C. they can vertically push warm water
A. No and nutrients to the surface
B. Yes D. they increase the rate of precipitation

as cold water moves along coastal re-
6409. Waterfalls-what is the gap called be- gions
tween the hard and soft rock created by
erosion? 6414. A light rain system with thin clouds has
moved through Oklahoma. What has oc-
A. Deadman’s drop
curred to produce this type of precipita-
B. Hole tion?
C. Erosional gap A. a warm front
D. Overhang B. a massive buildup of high air pressure
6410. The tendency of a body to resist a C. a hurricane is forming in the Gulf of
change in motion or rest Mexico
A. Neap Tides D. a cold front

1.1 HYDROLOGY 735
6415. Waves on the surface of the ocean are 6420. Seamount-

mostly caused by
A.

A. the moon
B. tides
C. waves
D. wind B.
6416. The red line in the picture represents
C.
D.
E.
A. the river mouth
B. the confluence
6421. What is responsible for warming the
C. the watershed Earth’s surface and creating wind?
D. none of above
A. The Moon
6417. What are the four parts of the water
B. Earth’s interior (inside)
cycle?
A. Evaporation, condensation, precipita- C. Coriolis effect
tion and collection D. The Sun
B. Rain, snow, sleep and hail
C. transpiration, rain, sea level, snow 6422. A meander is best described as
D. evaporation, rain, collection
6418. What are the parts of a wave?

A. wave length, wave height, crest and
trough
B. continental shlef, continenetal slope,
sontinental rise and seamounts
6419. What is a system of keeping track of

A. A straight section of the river.
water going into and out of a system?
A. Water Table B. A winding section of a lake.
B. Water Budget C. A section of the river that joins another
C. Aquifer river.
D. Zone of Saturation D. A winding section of a river.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 736
6423. Ocean currents move energy in the form

of
C.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Salt D. none of above
B. Water 6425. The land area from which runoff drains

into streams, channels, lakes, resevoirs,
C. Heat or other body of water.
D. Oxygen A. groundwater
6424. What is the relationship for the vari- B. precipitation

ables given in the image? C. watershed
D. infiltration
6426. Floods are the most common and most

destructive of all natural geologic hazards,
True or False?
A. True
B. False
6427. The sun provides the energy to “drive”

the water cycle. What does this mean?
A. Light from the sun helps condensation
occur.
B. Heat from the sun helps evaporation
A. occur.
C. The sun’s solar wind helps transpira-
tion to take place.
D. Charged particles give energy to
clouds for precipitation to occur.
6428. Approximately which percentage of

Earth’s surface is covered in water?
B. A. 30%
B. 90%
C. 80%
D. 50%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 737
6429. What is the water that fills the cracks 6434. is the underwater mountain range
and spaces in underground soil and rock that is created at a divergent plate bound-
layers called? ary.

A. Groundwater
B. Water Table A. Continental shelf
C. Precipitation B. Continental slope
D. Snow C. Abyssal plain

D. Mid-ocean ridge
6430. Neap tides occur once a month.
6435. Which of the following areas is likely to
A. True
have the lowest salinity and why?
B. False
A. The cold Arctic Ocean due to the for-
6431. How do the people in the drought re- mation of ice.
gions grow enough food? B. At the mouth of the Mississippi River
A. there is enough water to grow lots of where it empties into the ocean because
food fresh water is being added.
B. there is not a lot, but they buy from the C. Deep parts of the Pacific Ocean be-
store cause it is cold and collects more salt.
C. they cannot, for the most part D. A warm, tropical sea due to evapora-
tion.
D. there is no drought
6436. A zone in which all of the pores and rock
6432. How does the water move when a fractures are filled with water.
wave passes through?
A. Saturated Zone
A. side to side
B. Unsaturated Zone
B. In circles
C. It moves up and down 6437. The picture shows rocks falling down a
cliff. This is an example of what type of
D. It moves forward weathering?
6433. The height of a wave is MOST affected
by the
A. speed of the wind
B. salinity of the ocean
C. speed of the ocean
D. amount of solar energy A. Physical-Root Action

1.1 HYDROLOGY 738
B. Physical-Abrasion A. continental shelf then abyssal plain

C. Chemical-Root Action B. continental slope then abyssal plain
D. Chemical-Abrasion C. abyssal plain then mid-ocean ridge
6438. Beryllium will valence electrons D. continental shelf then continental
when forming an ionic bond. slope
A. lose 4
6443. Florida has two major aquifer systems.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. gain 4
Choose the 2 that apply.
C. lose 2
A. of Florida
D. gain 2
B. Biscayne
6439. T2-Which of the following organisms is
an example of nekton? C. Allow me
A. Lobster D. Southeastern
B. Dolphin
6444. Polar air masses are
C. Clam
A. cold air masses.
D. Seastar
B. dry air masses
6440. What makes water move through the
C. humid air masses.
water cycle?
A. geothermal energy D. warm air masses.
B. rain 6445. Groundwater is stored in the soil until
C. the sun the water table is reached, which means:/
D. gravity El agua subterránea se almacena en el
suelo hasta alcanzar el nivel freático, lo
6441. Water in an is the cleanest to drink be- que significa:
cause pollutants are filtered out by rock
A. the ground is dry
and sediment.
A. ocean B. the ground will have a sinkhole
B. watershed C. the ground is full and flooding could oc-

cur
C. aquifer
D. glacier D. none of above
Explanation:Water in an aquifer is the
cleanest to drink because pollutants are 6446. What percentage of Earth’s water is
filtered out as the water passes through FRESH water? How much of it is usable
layers of rock and sediment. Aquifers are or available for us to use?
underground layers of porous rock, sand, A. 97%; 12%
and gravel that store and transmit water.
B. 71%; 2%
6442. If a boat travels from the shore to the
C. 30%; 30%
deep ocean, what are the first two fea-
tures you would pass? D. 3%; 1%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 739
6447. Which of the following are things that 6452. Which BEST explains why population
humans can do to make a difference in our growth can result in water shortages and
water sources? (choose all that apply) rationing in certain areas?

A. volunteer with Stream Watch A. Aquifers recharge slowly.
B. trash pick up and cleaning B. Lake water is reserved for recreation.
C. contact the local soil and water conser- C. Increasing biomass decreases evapo-
vation to volunteer ration rates.
D. educate yourself on the importance of D. Tall buildings impede the development
protecting our rivers and streams of rain clouds.
6448. Ms. Fortner is boiling water in a pot 6453. The diagram shows two identical con-
on the stove to demonstrate one of the tainers filled with uniform particles that
processes of the water cycle. The heat of were sorted by size. Which characteristic
the stove adds energy to the water until is most likely the same for these particle-
it becomes water vapor. Ms. Fortner was filled containers?
demonstrating what process?
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. transpiration
6449. Our Earth, the water planet, has % A. Water retention
of fresh water. B. Capillarity
A. 3 C. Infiltration rate
B. 75 D. Porosity
C. 97
6454. Which desert nations are experiencing a
D. none of above drought? (select all that apply)
6450. What process creates the moisture in A. Northern Africa
the air from the release of water from
B. United States
plant leaves?
C. Middle East
A. Precipitation
B. Condensation D. United Kingdom
C. Evaporation E. China
D. Transpiration 6455. What is the Coriolis Effect and how does
it effect global winds?
6451. In the US it is estimated that we use
365 gallons per day. A. Curving of winds due to rotation of
earth curves wind counterclockwise in
A. million
Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in
B. billion the Southern Hemisphere
C. trillion B. Movement of ocean currents caused
D. thousand by earth rotation’ counterclockwise in

1.1 HYDROLOGY 740
Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in B. Pollution

Southern Hemisphere C. Non-point Source Pollution
C. curve of global winds caused by global
D. Point Source Pollution
rotation clockwise in Northern Hemi-
sphere and counterclockwise in Southern 6461. Evaporation takes places at
Hemisphere
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6456. water that fills the cracks and spaces in
A. groundwater
B. convection
C. evaporation A. A
D. freshwater B. B
6457. Most of Earth’s surface is covered with C. C
water. Only 2.5% of Earth’s global wa- D. D
ter is freshwater. Of all the freshwater
on Earth, 78% is frozen. Where is most E. E
of Earth’s water found?
6462. Runoff water that is absorbed by sub-
A. glaciers surface of soil and rock.
B. lakes A. Groundwater
C. oceans B. Infiltration
D. rivers C. Wetland
6458. Seamounts that reach the surface of the D. Saturation
ocean.
6463. Water that fills the cracks and pores in
A. guyot
underground soil and rock layers.
A. pond water
C. abyssal plain
B. groundwater
D. volcanic island
C. ditch water
6459. Which of the following is directly re- D. surface water
lated to the so-called Karst topography?
A. Sinkhole 6464. Water turns from a liquid to a gas by
moving up through the xylem and out
B. Groundwater through the stoma in a process called
C. Limestone A. Precipitation
D. All of the above B. Evaporation
6460. pollution from a definable source C. Transpiration
A. Pollutant D. Condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 741
6465. What is most responsible for the pres- A. The Earth is rotating on its axis
ence of groundwater in an area? B. The Moon is revolving around the Earth

A. the movement of water from a con-
C. The Earth is revolving around the Sun
fined aquifer into surface water
D. The Sun is revolving around the Earth
B. the movement of surface water and
precipitation through soil and rock 6470. As you descend(go down) through the
C. the movement of water from streams ocean, temperature and pressure
and rivers to watersheds A. increases, increases
D. the movement of surface water B. decreases, decreases
through impermable rock
C. increases, decreases
6466. Ms. Riley wants to demonstrate deep D. decreases, increases
ocean currents to her 6th Grade Earth Sci-
ence class. In order to do this, she com- 6471. What type of day would create the
bines warm water from the classroom sink largest waves?
with very cold, very salty water. What
A. Sunny day
will her students see in the demonstra-
tion? B. Windy day
A. The cold, salty water will have a lower C. Hot day
density and float above the warm fresh D. Cold
water.
B. The cold, salty water will have a higher 6472. Which type of rainfall would be most
density and sink below the warm fresh wa- helpful to farmers?
ter. A. rainfall that evaporates quickly
C. The warm fresh water will blend with B. rainfall that runs off the land quickly
the cold, salty water.
C. rainfall that soaks into the soil slowly
D. .The two types of water will swirl
D. very little rainfall
around each other in a surface current.
6467. What direction do ocean currents move 6473. What is the measure of the amount of
in the southern hemisphere? solids in a given amount of water called?
A. clockwise A. Salinity
B. counter clockwise B. NaCl

C. Sublimation
6468. water vapor given off by plants
D. Water Cycle
A. runoff
B. transpiration 6474. What is the best way to map the ocean
floor?
C. evaporation
A. using telescopes
D. condensation
B. taking water samples
6469. The Coriolis Effect causes currents to
curve clockwise or counterclockwise be- C. SONAR
cause D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 742
6475. What part of the water cycle is labeled 6479. What factor could cause the trend seen
C? in the graph below:
A. Exponentially increasing population
B. Reduced usage of irrigation
C. Increased performance of wastewa-
ter treatment facilities
D. Increased rates of precipitation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6480. What is one main reason we should
A. Transpiration practice water conservation?
B. Precipitation A. to use up as much water as possible
C. Evaporation B. to reduce the amount of freshwater we
all use
D. Condensation
C. to create more usable water
6476. The movement of energy through a body D. to make sure the water cycle contin-
of water ues
A. Longshore Drift 6481. A water strider can skate along the top
B. Tide of a pond because:
C. Wave
D. Climate
6477. What percentage of all water is avail-

able for us to drink?
A. 29%
A. covalent bonds result in water cohe-
B. 3% sion (surface tension)
C. 2% B. hydrogen bonds result in water cohe-
D. less than 1% sion (surface tension)
C. water striders have adapted to take
6478. How many river basins are in North Car- advantage of water cohesion
olina?
D. water striders are afraid of water and
avoid it
6482. Why is it the influence of the moon on
the tides on Earth greater than that of the
sun?
A. the moon is closer to earth
A. 11
B. the sun is closer to earth
B. 17
C. the moon is closer to the sun
C. 30
D. the moon and sun are an equal dis-
D. 100 tance away

1.1 HYDROLOGY 743
6483. The area that holds the water is called A. The sand would soak up more of the
A. watershed water.

B. basin B. There would be less condensation pro-
duced.
C. slope
C. The ice would melt slower, producing
D. runoff fewer drops of water.
6484. What ocean feature is located at C? D. The ice would melt and water would
evaporate faster.
6488. Based on the provided data:SOLVE:What

is the Streamflow of the river?
C. mid-ocean ridge A. 0.6 meters per second (m/sec)
D. abyssal plain B. 0.p with/check
6485. It is a hot, steamy day. You get ready to C. 0.t with/instrument

jump into the pool to find that the water is D. 0.p with/check
cool. What property allows for this differ-
ence between air temperature and water 6489. what unit is precipitation measured in?
temperature? A. mm
A. cohesion B. cm
B. thermal heat C. km
C. specific heat D. none of above
D. density 6490. Occurs in September, marks the start of
6486. Wetlands act as a buffer between land fall in the Northern Hemisphere. Day and
and high water levels and play a key role night are both about 12 hours long.
in minimizing the impacts of floods. A. Summer Solstice
A. true B. Winter Solstice
B. false C. Vernal Equinox
6487. Choose the correct option D. Autumnal Equinox
6491. Which best explains the increase in

salinity near the surface of the ocean?
A. There is a significant amount of melt-
ing glacial ice in the area.
B. The area experiences a high rate of
precipitation.
C. The area experiences a high rate of
evaporation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 744
D. There is a river emptying into the A. Turn off water while brushing teeth.
ocean nearby. B. Ignore leaky faucets.
6492. Heat from the sun travels to Earth by C. Wash only full loads of laundry.
D. Use a broom instead of a hose to wash
A. conduction off driveway.
B. convection 6496. What two things cause thermohaline
C. insulation currents?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. radiation A. waves and energy
B. heat and salt
6493. Normally, rain water is slightly acidic,
but can create which can have a C. water and ice
pH as low as 2.3 D. none of above
A. heat; dirty precipitation
6497. The amount of energy required for the
B. air pollution; dirty precipitation liquid at its boiling point to become a gas
C. overpopulation; acid precipitation A. Heat of Vaporization
D. air pollution; acid precipitation B. Evaporation
6494. what does the #4 show in the diagram? C. Watershed

D. Condensation
E. Specific heat
6498. On a hydrograph, what is shown as a

bar chart?
A. discharge
B. rainfall
A. condensation
C. make an hour
B. evaporation
D. baseflow
C. precipitation
6499. What defines a prokaryotic cell?
D. run off
A. multicellular, nucleus
6495. Which of the following is NOT a way to
B. multicellular, no nucleus
conserve water?
C. unicellular, nucleus
D. unicellular, no nucleus
6500. Sunlight is considered to be a renewable

resource because
A. sunlight is everywhere
B. photosynthesis is a necessity
C. it is available for billions of years
D. we can convert it to electrical energy

1.1 HYDROLOGY 745
6501. Assume that deforestation has taken C. flushing the toilet

place. How will this affect the movement D. brushing teeth
of water?

6506. Which wave in the diagram has the
A. Sea level will increase.
greatest frequency?
B. Condensation will increase.
C. Run-off will decrease.
D. Transpiration will decrease.
6502. What does transpiration mean?

A. The change of state of water from a liq-
uid to a gas
A. 1
B. When plants take up liquid water from
the soil and release water vapour into the B. 2
air from their leaves C. 3
C. The slow transfer of water under- D. 4
ground through porous rocks
6507. smallest, shallowest, and coldest ocean
D. none of above
A. groundwater
6503. 10) Which landform forms the dividing B. evaporation
line between different River Basins? C. Atlantic Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
6508. In which zone is the ocean temperature
most affected by the weather?
A. the deep zone
A. Mountain tops at high elevation
B. the surface zone
B. rivers C. the abyssal zone
C. Valleys at lowest elevation D. the transition zone
D. lakes
6509. The movement of cold, deep ocean wa-
6504. What type of weather can you expect ter to replace warm water at the surface
from a cold front? is called
A. Cloudy with light rain and possible fog. A. upwelling.
B. Clear weather and sunny skies. B. a surface current.
C. Rainy weather that lasts for days. C. the Coriolis effect.
D. Thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail and D. The boy
possibility of tornadoes. 6510. A person who studies climate is
6505. The largest amount of water in house- A. meteorologist
holds is used in B. climatologist
A. cooking C. forecaster
B. washing D. weather man

1.1 HYDROLOGY 746
6511. What process happens at B? B. oxygen

C. carbon dioxide
D. Water Vapor

flows through the ocean is a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Runoff
A. current
6512. They are highest clouds in the sky. They B. climate
look curly, white and feathery. Usually
mean good weather. 6517. The rate at which infiltration takes
place, expressed as inches per hour.
A. Cumulus
A. Percolation rate
B. Cumulonimbus
B. Infiltration rate
C. Cirrus
C. Make an appointment
D. Stratus
D. Through Flow
6513. In the Northern Hemisphere, why do
currents curve to the right? 6518. Which describe liquid water changing to
water vapor? / Which describes the trans-
A. longshore drift
formation of liquid water into water va-
B. density por?
C. Coriolis Effect A. Evaporation
D. moon’s gravity B. Condensation
6514. The most likely cause of the Gulf Stream C. Infiltration
in the Atlantic Ocean is the motion caused D. Transpiration
by
6519. Transpiration is a type of
A. wind only
B. gravitational effects of the Moon
C. wind and Earth’s rotation
D. different densities of water in the At-
lantic Ocean
6515. The most abundant gas in the atmo-

sphere is ?
A. nitrogen A. Liquidation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 747
B. Condensation C. Density
C. Evaporation D. All of the above

D. none of above 6525. When the sturgeon returns to the New
6520. Waves dropping sand on the beach River, the river will then be considered to
be healthy. The sturgeon is an example of
A. Weathering a(n)
B. Erosion A. bioluminescent
C. Deposition B. bio-indicator
D. none of above C. biotic organism
6521. Which of the following will cause a rise D. bio-protector
in the water table?
6526. The area of the stratosphere with a high
A. Increased Transpiration concentration of ozone is
B. Decreased Precipitation A. Ozone Layer
C. Increased Evaporation B. Stratosphere
D. Increased Infiltration C. Mesosphere
6522. Molecules with uneven distribution in D. troposphere
charges are called
6527. Why can water have no net charge but
A. Covalent have slight charges in different parts of
B. Polar the molecule?
C. Oxygen A. The oxygen end is slightly negative and
the hydrogen end is slightly positive
D. Adhesive
B. The hydrogen end is slightly negative
6523. What type of precipitation is shown and the oxygen end is slightly positive
here?
C. The hydrogen and oxygen ends change
in polarity
D. Because it is hydrophobic
6528. the movement of energy through a body

of water = wave
A. True
B. False
A. rain
B. snow 6529. A mass of moving water that dis-
tributes heat and nutrients around the
C. hail globe:
D. sleet A. Tide
6524. Surface currents are a result of B. Wave
A. Global Wind Patterns C. Current
B. Earth’s Rotation D. Tsunami

1.1 HYDROLOGY 748
6530. Which activity would most likely pollute C. groundwater

a source of fresh drinking water? D. artesian well
A. using too much groundwater
6536. During evaporation water changes from
B. dumping sewage
C. watering plants A. water vapor (gas) to liquid
D. taking showers B. liquid to water vapor (gas)
6531. Pollution traced to a single point
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. water vapor (gas) to solid ice
A. water shed D. none of above
B. permeable 6537. Which of the following is an example of
C. point source pollution recycling ( using a resource more than one
D. non-point source pollution time)?
A. Check for leaks in pipes and repair
6532. the continuous movement of water be- them.
tween Earth’s surface and its atmosphere
B. Collect water used to warm up show-
A. water cycle ers and use it to water plants.
B. hydrosphere C. Water at night to reduce evaporation.
C. oceans, lakes and rivers D. Run washing machine and dishwasher
D. water vapor only when full.
6533. The land area that supplies water to a 6538. water vapor changes to water
river system. A. precipitation
A. Groundwater B. condensation
B. Surface Water C. evaporation
C. River Basin D. transpiration
D. Watershed
6539. How does the Gulf Stream affect the cli-
6534. Describe the difference between a mate in Florida and the United Kingdom?
seamount and a volcanic island, and ex- A. Florida and the United Kingdom have
plain how one could turn into the other. colder climates.
A. There is not a difference B. Florida and the United Kingdom have
B. seamount; an underwater mountain of dryer climates.
volcanic origin that is more than 1, 000 m C. Florida and the United Kingdom have
taller than the ocean floor warmer climates compared to locations at
C. They are the same the same latitude.
D. None of these D. None of the above
6535. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in 6540. “Flow” or “overflow” or “returning to
underground soil and rock layers a body of water”
A. freshwater A. Evaporation
B. condensation B. Runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 749
C. Condensation C. stratosphere
D. Precipitation D. thermosphere

6541. The following map represents North 6547. What is a layer of rock or sediment that
Carolina’s river basins. Which river is holds water?
likely to impact South Carolina if it be-
A. glacier
comes polluted?
B. well
A. Catawba
C. aquifer
B. Cape Fear
D. natural spring
C. After that
D. White Oak 6548. We are able to drink most of the water
on the earth. True or False
6542. Which two pathogens need a host to re-
A. True
produce?
B. False
A. viruses
B. parasites 6549. You have a wetland with a) no trees and
b) heavy rains. What kind of wetland do
C. fungi
you have?
D. bacteria
A. Estuary
6543. The difference in water level between a B. Bog
high tide and a low tide is called
C. Fen
A. tidal zone
D. Swamp
B. tidal part
C. tidal range 6550. Energy will always flow or move from
D. none of above
A. An area of low temperature to an area
6544. What is the major side effect of algal of high temperature
blooms in surface water resources? B. An area of high temperature to an area
A. Excess in dissolved oxygen of low temperature
B. Decrease in dissolved oxygen C. atoms to molecules
6545. Flows into a well, a pump brings it to D. none of above

the surface 6551. Layer of ground where all pores are
A. ground water filled with water.
B. Artesian Wells
C. Spring
D. none of above
6546. This atmospheric layer is the hottest.

A. troposphere
B. mesosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 750
A. Water table C. Water that is already on the glass

B. Zone of saturation freezes.
C. Zone of aeration D. Hydrogen and oxygen in the air causes
it to freeze.
D. Aquifer
6552. Aquifer:an underground layer of rock or 6558. What process in the water cycle in-
sediment that holds water. volves forming clouds?
A. True
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Evaporation because as water vapor
B. False gains energy it changes from a gas to a
liquid.
6553. the amount of salt in water = Density
B. Evaporation because as water vapor
A. True loses energy it changes from a gas to a
B. False liquid.
6554. What is an underwater mountain C. Condensation because as water vapor

formed by a volcano? gains energy it changes from a gas to a
liquid.
A. trench
B. rift zone D. Condensation because as water vapor
loses energy it changes from a gas to a
C. seamount liquid.
D. mid ocean ridge
6559. As depth increases, temperature
6555. What two sources of freshwater are
used for human consumption? A. increases
A. icebergs and rivers B. stays the same
B. rivers and groundwater C. decreases
C. oceans and icebergs
D. none of above
D. groundwater and oceans
6560. Many plants cannot grow in sandy soil.
6556. All of the following can generate cur-
Why is this true?
rents within Earth’s oceans except-
A. wind blowing over time. A. Sandy soil does not hold enough water.
B. differences in temperature B. Oxygen cannot pass through sandy
soil.
C. rivers flowing into the sea.
D. differences in salinity. C. Roots cannot easily push through clay
soil.
6557. What causes the outside of the wind-
shield of a car to get icy on a cold winter D. Sandy soil has too many nutrients.
night when there is no rain?
6561. Lands with a lot of vegetation are more
A. Moisture comes from inside the car likely to experience flooding.
and freezes.
A. TRUE
B. Water vapor from the air freezes on
the glass. B. FALSE

1.1 HYDROLOGY 751
6562. the steep drop-off between the outer B. Evaporation from the surface of plants
edge of the continental shelf and the deep during vegetation
ocean floor

C. Evaporation from the ground
A. continental shelf D. Evaporation from the open water
B. guyot
6568. Which types of aquifers are in the most
C. continental slope danger of becoming contaminated by pol-
D. trench lutants?
6563. Which process is when plants release A. aquifers confined by a permeable layer
water into the atmosphere? B. unconfined aquifers
A. precipitation
6569. It is the ability of soil to release water.
B. condensation
A. Porosity
C. evaporation
B. Permeability
D. transpiration
C. Precipitation
6564. What is permeability? D. Evaporation
A. watersoaks through the groundit be-
6570. Which of the following best compares
comes groundwater
the amount of pressure a scuba diver
B. waterstored below Earth’ssurface would feel at a deep ocean trench to the
C. the amount ofspace in between soil- amount of pressure he/she would feel at
particles a abyssal plain and explains why?
D. the materials ability to allow fluids to A. More pressure would be felt at a
pass trench because pressure increases with
depth.
6565. What is an under water extinct volcanic
B. More pressure would be felt at an
mountain called?
abyssal plain because temperature de-
A. island creases with depth.
B. seamount C. Less pressure would be felt at a trench
C. continent because pressure decreases with depth.
D. none of the above D. Less pressure would be felt at an
abyssal plain because temperature in-
6566. Water changing from vapor (gas) to liq- creases with depth.
uid, which can create clouds, fog, and dew.
A. Evaporation 6571. Which statement accurately describes
both waves and currents?
B. Condensation
A. Both are caused by differences in den-
C. Precipitation sities.
D. Transpiration B. Both move great amounts of water
6567. What is it, Transpiration? long distances.
A. Evaporation from frozen water (snow C. Both can be caused by winds.

and ice) D. Both influence the climate of region.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 752
6572. What happens to the groundwater after 6576. Which is the primary source of freshwa-
a place experiences large amounts of snow ter in the hydrosphere?
in the winter?
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. stays the same
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6573. Which area of the photo contributes to
groundwater recharge?
A. Glaciers and ice caps
B. Lakes
6577. is the process by which water vapor

A. A
in the air is changed into liquid water
B. B is crucial to the water cycle because it is
C. C responsible for the formation of clouds.
D. D
A. Transportation
E. E
B. Percolation
6574. The time and date of the year when day
and night are equal length. C. Condensation
D. Plant Uptake
6578. What causes the seasons of the year?
A. The tilt of Earth on its axis
A. Fusion B. The rotation of the Moon around Earth

B. Solstice
C. The spinning of Earth on its axis
C. Equinox
D. none of above D. The northern and southern hemi-
sphere
6575. The transfer of thermal energy by the
circulation or movement of a liquid or gas.
A. evaporation 6579. Use the table which shows the charac-
teristics of major weather phenomena to
B. convection
answer this question. According to the ta-
C. collection ble, Storm A would be classified as which
D. groundwater type of storm?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 753
6583. Ground water flow

A. runoff, groundwater

B. Dehydration
C. evaporation into the air
D. Seeps underground
6584. Which is the most common contamina-

tion source for freshwater resources?
A. blizzard
B. hurricane
C. thunderstorm
D. tornado
A. runoff
6580. Marshes are formed by sediment B. digging wells
A. erosion C. melting glaciers
B. deposition D. lightning
6581. Light does not reach the bottom of
6585. What happens to the temperature of the
the ocean, yet certain species live there.
ocean as depth increases? (As you go
Which best explains how species on the
down through the water column.)
bottom of the ocean get energy to live?
A. Algae and bacteria produce energy A. Temperature increases-it gets warmer
through photosynthesis. B. Temperature decreases-it gets colder
B. Hydrothermal vents produce energy
6586. Which reservoir contains most of the
through chemical reactions.
Earth’s fresh water?
C. Dead plants and animals produce en-
ergy through decomposition. A. Groundwater
D. none of above B. Ice Caps and Glaciers

C. Lakes
6582. What is true about seawalls?
D. Oceans
A. they protect coastal areas but cause
erosion 6587. Saltwater, or Ocean Water has about
B. they don’t protect coastal areas but re- % salt content.
duce erosion
A. 3.5
C. they protect coastal areas and reduce
B. 15.0
erosion
C. 25.0
D. they don’t protect coastal areas and
cause erosion D. 97.0

1.1 HYDROLOGY 754
6588. At which location do we find EROSION 6591. Hydroelectric power produces electricity
occurring in a stream channel? using
A. Wind
B. Sunlight
C. Moving water
D. Dung
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6592. What type of tides would this arrange-
A. On the inside of a bend along a mean- ment of earth-moon-sun create?
der where water is traveling the slowest
speed
B. On the outside of a bend along a me-
ander where water is traveling the fastest
speed
C. In the center of the channel where wa-
ter is deepest A. neap tide
D. Upstream and downstream of the B. spring tide
stream of a mild gradient river
C. new moon tide
6589. The largest of the Earth’s oceans is the D. full moon tide
A. Atlantic
6593. where can people find fresh water they
B. Pacific
can use
C. Indian
A. underground
D. Arctic
B. glaciers
6590. What would happen if the lamp were C. oceans
removedfrom this model?
D. dogs
6594. What percent of the worlds water is

freshwater?
A. The clay in the mountain would harden

morequickly.
B. The ice would continue to stay frozen
in the cupand not change states.
A. 71%
C. The water at the bottom of the aquar-
B. 1%
ium wouldevaporate more slowly.
D. The temperature of the aquarium C. 97%
would greatlyincrease. D. 3%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 755
6595. What is the water cycle? A. Pollution

A. the 3 forms of water B. Point Source Pollution

B. the movement of water on, above, or C. Non-point Source Pollution
below the surface of the Earth
D. Turbidity
C. when water melts
D. when clouds form 6601. What causes the ocean to have higher
salinity?
6596. What does a high dissolved oxygen
level indicate? A. high precipitation and low evaporation
A. High levels of pollution B. high evaporation and low precipitation
B. Low levels of fish and plants
6602. Infiltration will occur more quickly when
C. High levels of nitrates due to runoff
D. Healthy water system A. the ground is saturated
6597. The gravitational pull that the moon ex- B. the gradient is gentle
erts on Earth is
C. the is sparse vegetation
A. greater on solids than liquids
D. the rainfall is heavy
B. the main cause of high and low tides
C. responsible for longshore currents 6603. Which letter represents a trench?
D. responsible for tsunamis
6598. Which of the following would help con-

serve water?
A. water the lawn for 25 minutes every
day
B. take longer showers A. D
C. plant trees for transpiration B. F
D. shut the water off while brushing your C. G
teeth
D. B
6599. Which term describes a circulation of air
or water that is caused by uneven heat- 6604. It is harder to read the wording on very
ing? old tombstones than it is to read the word-
A. convection current ing on newer ones. This is probably be-
cause
B. conduction current
A. dirt is filing in the letters
C. radiation current
D. emission current B. modern tombstones being made of ar-
tificial materials
6600. pollutants entering waterways from a
C. weathering of the stone
general area, such as runoff from farmland
or suburban communities D. slow crystallization of the stone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 756
6605. How do oceans moderate (level out) 6610. Compared to an area of Earth’s surface
global temperatures? with gentle slopes, and area with steeper
A. Ocean currents carry warmer water slopes most likely has
away from the equator to the polar re- A. More infiltration and more runoff
gions.
B. Less infiltration and more runoff
B. Ocean currents carry warmer water
towards the equator. C. More infiltration and less runoff
C. Deep ocean water cools water at the D. Less infiltration and less runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
polar regions.
D. Deep ocean water warms surface wa- 6611. How could pesticides get into lakes and
ter. streams?
6606. What is a seamount?

A. Continuous underwater mountain
range
B. A geyser on the ocean floor
C. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean
floor drops down an incline
D. Underwater, inactive volcanic moun- A. too much could be used
tains
B. it could be sprayed too close to a
6607. What is created in our atmosphere stream
when warm air rises at the equator and
cold air sinks at the poles? C. rain could wash pesticides into a
stream
A. radiation currents
D. all of the above
B. conduction currents
C. convection currents 6612. the process by which a gas cools and be-
D. no currents comes a liquid
6608. Most water vapor comes from A. aquifer

A. Lakes B. humidity
B. Rivers C. condensation
C. Ponds D. weather
D. Oceans
6613. The distance north or south of the equa-
6609. The main difference between ocean wa- tor is called , and it is measured in de-
ter and lake water is that ocean water grees.
contains-
A. Longitude
A. oxygem
B. plants B. Latitude
C. algae C. Altitude
D. salt D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 757
6614. Which wavelengths are the longest? A. Neritic Zone

A. green B. Oceanic Zone

B. blue C. Intertidal Zone
C. red D. none of above
D. yellow 6619. If you measure the amount of water in-
6615. The difference between sleet and hail is side of the container at the beginning and
the end of this experiment what will hap-
A. the temperature of the ice pellets. pen to the amount of water inside?
B. the size of the ice pellets.
C. where the ice pellets formed.
D. both b and c.
6616. One way to manage your own water at

home is by
A. Collect rainwater and store it in a well
B. Making pipes from river water
A. More water will be added from the ice
C. Utilize black water to wash clothes and cubes melting.
cars
B. Less water will be inside because
D. Make a fish pond some will evaporate.
6617. Which statement BEST explains the role C. The same amount of water will be
of evaporation in ocean currents? inside since the water can not escape
A. Evaporation adds salt to surface wa- through the plastic wrap.
ters, forcing the water to sink. D. All of the water will leak out of the bot-
B. Evaporation leads to the movement of tom
air masses, causing surface currents. 6620. What does the ice represent in the ex-
C. Evaporation removes heat energy periment?
from surface waters, increasing the water
density
D. Evaporation increases the air pres-
sure above surface waters, causing hor-
izontal currents
6618. Also called Open Ocean Zone. Begins in

the area off shore where water measures
200 meters deep and extends to the ocean A. The ice cubes represents the cool tem-
floor. peratures high in the atmosphere. The ice
cubes cool the water vapor creating liquid
water droplets through the process of con-
densation.
B. The ice cubes represents the cool tem-
peratures high in the atmosphere. The ice

1.1 HYDROLOGY 758
cubes cool the water vapor creating liquid B. Most of Europe would be flooded be-
water droplets causing precipitation. cause of rising sea levels.
C. The ice cubes in the diagram above C. Water temperatures in the Northern
represent the glaciers and ice caps. The Atlantic Ocean would be much hotter.
ice cubes melt under the heat of the lamp
D. Land masses in the Northern Atlantic
to demonstrate global warming.
Ocean would have colder climates.
D. none of above
6625. In what direction do the currents move
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6621. The movement of deep, cold, nutrient in the Southern Hemisphere? (Student Cre-
filled water to the surface of the ocean is ated)
A. Up and Down
A. Ocean Current
B. Left to Right
B. Upwelling
C. Counterclockwise
C. Deep Currents
D. Clockwise
D. Surface Currents
6626. A watershed is:
6622. Which of these BEST describes the cause
of waves in the ocean? A. The area that water flows over and
through to reach a body of water.
B. A place where a city keeps water sup-
B. evaporation of water
plies
C. Another name for an aquifer
ocean
D. ridges and trenches on the bottom of D. When water does not sink into the
the ocean ground
6623. What ocean floor feature is represented 6627. A boundary where two plates slide past
by letter C? each other.
A. convergent boundary
B. convergent boundary
C. transform boundary
D. sergent boundary
A. mid-ocean ridge
6628. Which activity within a river basin
B. ocean trench would most likely contribute to the pollu-
C. abyssal plain tion of a river?
D. continental slope A. Washing a muddy truck on a grass
lawn
6624. If the Gulf Stream stopped flowing,
B. Washing used paint brushes in a sink
which environmental change would most
likely occur? C. Using a hose to water motor oil from a
A. More reefs would develop in the wa- driveway into a storm drain
ters near the eastern Greenland coast- D. Using a blower to clean debris from a
line. deck

1.1 HYDROLOGY 759
6629. water from rain or snow that flows 6633. The Gulf Stream current affects north-
over the surface of the ground into west Europe by creating a relatively mild
streams climate there.

A. humidity A. true
B. evaporation B. false
C. convection C. sometimes
D. runoff D. none of above
6630. As you travel up through the tropo- 6634. A satellite image of an area in Florida
sphere, what happens to the tempera- shows a river with slight bends along its
ture? length. A second satellite image taken of
the same area 10 years later shows the
same river with a different course. What
is the best explanation for the difference
in the shape of the river’s course between
the two satellite images?
A. Wind blew waves across the water sur-

face, eroding away the bank on one side of
A. It increases
the river until the river’s course changed
B. It decreases its shape
6631. Which of the following fresh water lo- B. Regular freezing and thawing of the
cations are available for humans to access river split the soil along the river banks,
and use? changing the shape of the river
A. Other Fresh Water and Surface Water C. Acid rain chemically weathered the
banks along the river, forcing the river to
B. Surface Water and Shallow Groundwa-
wind back and forth
ter
D. Water eroded the banks of the river
C. Deep Groundwater and Glaciers and
and deposited the eroded soil on opposite
Ice Caps
banks, causing the river to form tighter
D. none of above bends
6632. At what point in the water cycle does 6635. How much of the Earth’s water is found
water change from a gas to a liquid? in the oceans?
A. Cloud formation A. 2%
B. aquifer saturation B. 1%
C. leaf transpiration C. 97%
D. groundwater infiltration D. 70%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 760
6636. A student created a diagram of farmland B. Condensation

with runoff from cornfields to a nearby
C. Precipitation
pond. What was the student probably try-
ing to model? D. Density
A. how acid rain kills pond plants
6642. Based on this chart, what is the best
B. how pond water is use to irrigate crops
conclusion?
C. how fertilizers can get into ponds and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
cause algae blooms
D. how toxic chemicals from industrial
wastes can poison pond water
6637. the portion of the Earth that is com-

posed of water
A. magnetosphere
B. biosphere
C. hydrosphere
D. atmosphere A. Six elements make up 50 % of ocean
water
6638. A smooth, nearly flat region of the
ocean floor is called the B. Magnesium is the least abundant ele-
A. trench ment
B. abyssal plain C. Sodium chloride is the most abundant
compound
C. seamount
D. mid-ocean ridge D. none of above
6639. Where is most fresh water hard to find? 6643. What is another name or synonym for
A. Glaciers and Ice caps the water cycle?
B. Lakes
C. Rivers
D. Oceans
6640. Where does the initial source of energy

come from that creates winds?
A. the moon
B. the sun
C. the Earth’s surface
A. Geologic cycle
D. the rotation of the Earth
B. Hydrologic cycle
6641. Water on the outside of a cold glass is
a example of? C. Geosphere
A. Transpiration D. Carbon cycle

1.1 HYDROLOGY 761
6644. Many fish and aquatic plants can sur- 6649. The majority of all freshwater is found
vive a cold winter because the layer of ice where?
that forms at the top of the lake insulates

A. in polar ice caps and glaciers
the water below and prevents the lake
from freezing solid. What unique property B. in groundwater
of water contributes to this effect?
C. in rivers, streams, and lakes
A. Water absorbs heat when it evapo-
rates and forms a gas D. none of above
B. Water expands and becomes less
6650. The Great Lakes were formed primarily
dense when it freezes.
because of
C. Water molecules completely separate
into ions in solutions. A. wind
D. Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions B. landslides
and other polar substances.
C. streams
6645. Approximately what percentage of the
D. glaciers
water on Earth is freshwater?
A. 1% 6651. How water flows and changes within
B. 3% the Earth system
C. 70% A. Water Cycle
D. 97% B. Carbon Cycle
6646. Differences in the moon’s and sun’s pull C. Rock Cycle
on different sides of the Earth cause
D. Atmospheric Cycle
A. gravity
B. lunar phases 6652. Zachary decided to make pasta for din-
C. tides ner. He placed a large pot filled halfway
D. dabbing with water on the stove and turned up
the heat. When it began boiling, he was
6647. What amount of water is available to in another room watching TV.He remem-
drink on the Earth? bered to check the water 30 minutes later.
A. 2% When he looked in the pot, he noticed the
water level was much lower than when he
B. 97% turned on the stove.What BEST explains
C. 1% what happened to the water?
D. 5% A. The pot has a small hole in it.
6648. As a wave nears shore, the wave height B. Some of the water boiled out onto the
increases and the wavelength stove.
A. stays the same C. Some of the water evaporated out of
B. increases the pot.
C. doubles D. He spilled some of the water when he
D. decreases put it on the stove.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 762
6653. A natural flowing water course, usually A. adhesion

freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, B. cohesion
sea, lake or another river.
C. change in matter (heat of fusion)
A. ocean
D. both adhesion and cohesion
B. river
6657. Which of the following can be caused by
C. lake
El Nino ?
D. aquifer
A. Flash floods
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6654. Your teacher filled a box with sand. She B. Mudslides
put a fan at one end and turned the fan
C. Droughts
on. The sand was blown to the opposite
side of the box and collected at that side. D. All of the above
What processes was the teacher demon- 6658. What is groundwater?
strating?
A. Permeability
A. Weathering and erosion
B. Water, underground
B. Weathering and deposition
C. Water with the ground in it
C. Erosion and deposition
D. Dirty water
D. Chemical and mechanical weathering
6659. (Use Figure 1) The water cycle has no
6655. Cold ocean currents generally come from beginning or end, but it has an order.
Which of the following are the most likely
ways that water would move through the
water cycle?
A. The North Pole

B. The South Pole A. 1 and 2
C. The Equator B. 2 and 3

C. 3 and 4
D. Both Poles
D. 4 and 1
6656. Capillary action is
6660. How can the salinity of oceans be in-
creased?
A. Through evaporation
B. Through condensation
C. By adding freshwater from mouths of
rivers
D. Through precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 763
6661. The recession limb extends from the 6666. Which continent is located at #6?
peak flow rate onward.

A. Rising limb
B. Make an appointment
C. Falling limb
D. Drainage density
A. Asia
6662. This type of chemical weathering pro- B. Europe
duces rust. C. Africa
D. Antarctica
6667. In the winter, the air temperature over
the will be warmer than the air tem-
perature over the
A. land, water
A. Deposition B. continent, ocean
B. Erosion C. water, land
C. Carbonic acid D. lakes, streams
D. Oxidation 6668. Many gallons of freshwater pour into
the oceans each day. However the salin-
6663. Sediment in a river or stream that can be ity balance is maintained because
seen as clouds floating around is known as
A. sea organisms consume freshwater
B. the water becomes salty as it enters
A. suspended load
the ocean
B. dissolved load C. water continuously evaporates back
C. bed load out of the ocean
D. none of above D. salty glacial water is also evaporating
from ice caps
6664. What is a large stream called?
6669. An underground later of rock or pieces
A. lake of rock that hold water.
B. ocean
C. river
D. watershed
6665. What happens to oxygen levels with

thermal pollution?
A. Levels increase A. Aquifer
B. Levels are not changed B. Watershed
C. Levels decrease C. Artesian Well
D. none of above D. Geyser

1.1 HYDROLOGY 764
6670. Cycling of water (H2O) on Earth and 6674. Which of the following would have the
through a variety of processess. highest porosity?
A. Moon Cycle A. Bedrock
B. Sun Cycle B. Crushed stone
C. Water Cycle C. Sand
D. Bicycle D. Clay
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6671. How much of the Earth is covered in 6675. Water on Earth is found naturally as a
land? solid, a liquid, and a gas. Where is MOST
of the solid water on Earth?
A. 25%
A. deep in Earth’s mantle
B. 75%
B. in Earth’s polar regions
C. 97.5%
C. in the outer atmosphere
D. 2.5%
D. at the bottom of the ocean
6672. The diagram illustrates the effect of the
6676. What type of heat transfer travels
Moon’s and the Sun’s gravity on Earth.
through the air and does not require touch-
Loos at where the X is located. What is
ing the heat source to warm the cooler ob-
happening at point X in the diagram?
ject?
A. conduction
B. radiation
C. convection
D. none of above
A. solar tide
6677. How would you best describe the prop-
B. average sea level erties of the water on the continental
C. high tide shelf?
D. low tide A. Deep, dense, low pressure, warmer
temperature
6673. Warm ocean currents generally come
B. Deep, less dense, high pressure,
from
cooler temperature
C. Shallow, less dense, high pressure,
warmer temperature
D. Shallow, less dense, low pressure,
cooler temperature
1
6678. The formula PX = N ∑N
i=1 Pi X X
A. The North Pole A. 0-10%
B. The South Pole B. 0-5%
C. The Equator C. 0-15%
D. Both A and B D. 0-20%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 765
6679. If evaporation equals precipitations, the 6683. Most of the water on earth is (there are
water cycle is multiple answers).

A. unbalanced A. In oceans (and therefore has salt)
B. balanced B. Unusable to humans for drinking wa-
ter
6680. Earth’s rotation causes surface currents
C. In lakes, rivers, and other surface wa-
in the Northern Hemisphere to
ter.
A. move clockwise
D. In aquifers (groundwater).
B. move in straight lines
C. move counterclockwise 6684. The original source of energy in the wind
is
D. not move
A. gravity
6681. Some factories can increase the amount B. Earth’s core
of thermal pollution by dumping heated
water into lakes and rivers.How can this C. the sun
type of pollution affect aquatic environ- D. the moon
ments?
6685. What causes both surface currents and
waves?
A. moon’s gravitational pull
C. wind
A. It can reduce the number of aquatic D. Coriolis Effect
species in the environment.
B. It can increase the amount of dis- 6686. What is TDS?
solved oxygen in the environment. A. Total Directional Star
C. It can reduce the decomposition rate
B. Total Dissolved Solids
of organisms in the environment.
C. Top Don’t Start
D. It can increase the life expectancy of
animals in the aquatic environment. D. Science Technology Design
6682. Which of the following is a factor you’d 6687. Rift is similiar to

want to consider when locating a drinking
A. A hole
well?
B. A divide
A. porosity & permeability of surrounding
Earth materials C. A valley
B. location to runoff to avoid pollution D. A trench
C. elevation of water table
6688. What type of weathering is being
D. all of the above! demonstrated in the image above?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 766
A. use up quickly so that more can be

made
B. to save or protect from getting used up
C. to make new by scientific processes
D. no one knows
6692. A mountain rising from the ocean floor
A. Oxidation but does not reach the water surface
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Biological A. trenches
C. Dissolution B. seamount
D. Abrasion C. island
6689. A coastal inlet or bay where fresh water D. none of above
from rivers mixes with salty ocean water. 6693. Partial or total blocking of one object in
Found in the intertidal zone. space
A. gravity
B. inertia
C. Eclipse
D. Orbit
6694. How much of Earth’s total water supply
is available as fresh water?
A. Estuary
A. 100%
B. Oceanography
B. 97%
C. Sonar
C. 3%
D. pH
D. 0%
6690. About how much of Earth’s water is
6695. What causes evaporation from Earth’s
SALTWATER?
bodies of water?
A. 97%
A. the moon
B. 67% B. the Sun
C. 3% C. the Equator
D. 1% D. water currents
6691. What does conserve mean? 6696. Approximately, what percent of Earth’s
water is freshwater?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 767
A. 1% 6701. is the name for water that flows off

B. 2% of land forms back into the ocean.

C. 3% A. transpiration
D. 5% B. run off
C. condensing
6697. where does water go when it evapo-
rates D. snowmelt
A. it turns into water vapor and goes high 6702. The letter with the highest porosity is
in the air.
B. goes under ground and gives plants
water
6698. Only 3% of the water on Earth’s is
freshwater about 2% of that water is not
available for man’s use. Why is this?
A. its frozen
B. its polluted
C. its too salty A. A-loosely packed, well structured soil
D. its in aquifers B. B-loosely packed soil with uniform par-
ticle size
6699. Which of the following can cause an in-
crease in density that results in a deep C. C-tightly packed soil with uniform par-
ocean current? ticle size
A. The sun heats the water’s surface. D. D-tightly packed soil with mixed parti-
cle size
B. A warm wind blows across cold water.
C. An iceberg melts, adding fresh water 6703. Which source of energy below is the
to ocean water. most important in driving the water cycle?
D. Warm water loses energy to its sur- A. Sunlight heats up Earth’s surface wa-
roundings and cools. ter creating the process of evaporation.
6700. When a liquid transforms into a gas as B. Gravity is necessary to pull water
a result of heating downhill when it rains thus allowing wa-
ration.
D. Geothermal energy changes water to
steam so condensation can occur.
A. Evaporation 6704. What is all of the land area whose wa-
B. Condensation ter drains into a stream system?
C. Melting A. Runoff
D. Sublimation B. Watershed

1.1 HYDROLOGY 768
C. Divide A. seamount
D. Suspension B. trench
C. mid-ocean ridge
6705. The daily rise and fall of the ocean wa-
ters is D. continental shelf
A. Tides 6709. Water found in oceans (and few lakes)
B. Surface Currents that contains 3-4% salt
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Deep Ocean Currents A. Glacier
D. Waves B. River
C. Topography
6706. How can you maximize freshwater re-
sources? D. Saltwater
A. increased infiltration to fertilize crops E. Oceans
B. reduced treatment by waste water 6710. What does 3.5% of salt water consist
treatment plant of?
C. reduce measures to prevent arsenic A. Fresh water
contamination B. Salt
D. law regulating the amount of pollution C. Sodium
dissolved in a river
D. Dissolved salts
6707. Look at the diagram below. Which step
in the water cycle is #4? 6711. Which of the following conditions would
most likely result in the development of
Karst topography?
A. Evaporation
A. The presence of limestone or gypsum
B. Condensation B. Abundant rainfall or water source
C. Precipitation C. The presence of granite or basalt
D. Transpiration D. Both A and B
E. Collection
6712. Repeated movement of water through
6708. Name the feature for G the environment in different forms
A. Wheels
B. Water cycle
C. Hydrosphere
D. Reservoir

1.1 HYDROLOGY 769
6713. Percentage of saltwater? Freshwater? 6717. The evaporation of water through the
stomata of plants is

A. Turbidity
B. Infiltration
C. Condensation
D. Transpiration
E. Evaporation
A. Saltwater:97%Freshwater:3% 6718. How does the amount of water circulat-

ing in the water cycle change?
B. Saltwater:3%Freshwater:97%
A. The amount of water remains constant
C. Saltwater:50%Freshwater:50%
B. The amount of water increases each
D. Saltwater:100%Freshwater:0% time it rains
6714. Number 3 represents: C. he amount of water decreases and

then increases each day
D. The amount of water decreases every
time evaporation occurs
6719. Which arrow in the image below shows

the following process:Condensation
A. Wavelength of a wave
B. Crest of a wave
C. Trough of a wave
D. Amplitude of a wave
6715. When you wade into the ocean at the A. 1

beach, you are walking along the B. 2
A. continental slope C. 4
B. continental shelf D. 5
C. trench
6720. Large quantities of sand can be added to
D. rift the beach to stabilize the shoreline. Which
describes a disadvantage of this process?
6716. What is a type of mass movement by
gravity? A. it creates a wall that disrupts the veg-
etation along with coastline
A. dune
B. it crease a barrier that prevents the
B. loess tide from occurring along the coastline
C. glacier C. it cases inland erosion
D. mudslide D. it is a short term solution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 770
6721. Which factor most influences local wa- 6727. Because the Earth rotates on its axis,
ter availability? circulating air is deflected toward the right
A. Runoff in the Northern Hemisphere and toward
the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
B. Infiltration
A. Ocean Currents
C. Precipitation
D. none of above B. Continental Deflections
6722. Rate of rainfall is expressed in C. Coriolis Effect
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Millimeter (mm) D. Upwelling
B. Centimeters (cm)
6728. The highest part of a wave is the
C. Meters (m)
D. Kilometers (km)
6723. Deep currents are cause by
A. Differences in density
B. Differences in salinity
C. Differences in sodium chlorid
A. crest
D. Diffrences in Currents
B. trough
6724. The top of the soil region that is satu-
rated, or completely filled in with water, 6729. A neap tide occurs at which moon?
is called the
A. Full and new moon
A. lake
B. 1st and 3rd quarter moon
B. water table
C. bedrock 6730. If there is any break in the slope of the
D. none of above curve, the record of the station is incon-
sistent and required to be adjusted by the
6725. The storage of water underground in formula.
permeable rock.
A. Pa = (Sat / Sun) x Night
A. Groundwater flow
B. Friday = (Sun / Sat) x Night
B. Groundwater storage
C. Surface storage C. Night = (Sa / Sun) x Fri
D. Water table D. Pa = (Sa / Sun) x Pa
6726. An “underwater river” of water that 6731. The major source of energy for the wa-
flows in the ocean, formed because of den- ter cycle is
sity differences in ocean water.
A. The moon
A. deep ocean current
B. storm surge B. Spring tides
C. tide C. evaporation
D. wave D. the sun

1.1 HYDROLOGY 771
6732. What is the process of using a resource

wisely so it will not be used up?

A. infiltration
B. precipitation
C. condensation
D. groundwater
E. transpiration
A. Conservation
6736. Which two features together control the
B. Destruction density of seawater?
A. temperature and sea depth
6733. Manmade structures that defend build-
ings and other infrastructure from the dev- B. salinity and pressure
astation of a coastline’s waves and tides. C. temperature and salinity
D. salinity and depth
6737. Surfaces through which water cannot
flow
A. permeable
B. impermeable
C. flat
A. Sandbar D. pervious
B. Groins 6738. How can our amount of freshwater be
C. Jetties depleted?
D. Seawall A. increased demands for water on ac-
count of population shifts
E. Breakwaters
B. water moving to different parts of the
water cycle
6734. According to the Big Bang Theory, how
did the universe BEGIN? C. evaporation
A. As a single point where all matter and D. precipitation returning to ground wa-
energy was located. ter
B. As a system of colliding galaxies. 6739. What is the amount of space in between

soil particles?
C. As space that was full of expanding
A. aquifer
galaxies.
B. permeability
D. As empty space
C. porosity
6735. What term matches best with #3? D. divide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 772
6740. Many people get their water from 6744. What are waves?
groundwater through these
A. The daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters
A. wells on its coastlines
B. trenches B. Movement of energy through a body of
C. springs water
D. none of above C. Number of waves that pass a point in

a given time
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6741. What type of energy is provided in this D. the vertical distance from trough to
picture? crest of a wave
E. Low part of the wave
6745. “Cools down”

A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
A. solar energy D. none of above
B. heat energy
C. light energy of water. It begins with wind.
D. all of these answers A. tsunami
6742. How do we characterize an air mass B. wave
that forms over land?
6747. During the daytime, the land warms up
A. Dry faster than water causing the air above
B. Wet the land to be less dense and rise into the
atmosphere. This causes
C. Cold
D. Warm
6743. What are mid-ocean ridges?

A. They are areas where tectonic plates
meet.
B. They are narrow valleys that run along
A. sea breezes
the bottom of the oceans.
B. land breezes
C. They are areas of underwater moun-
tain chains located near many active vol- C. global winds
canoes.
D. jet streams
D. They are areas underwater where
thick layers of sediment have accumu- 6748. The land area that supplies water to a
lated river system is called a

1.1 HYDROLOGY 773
6753. What is the importance of the GULF

STREAM in terms of climate?

A. It brings warm water up toward the
arctic circle and warms the air above it,
causing a milder winter in Europe.
B. It brings cold water down to the equa-
A. water table tor and causing cold winters there.
B. trailer 6754. What percentage of the water on Earth

C. house is drinkable?
D. watershed A. Less than 1%

B. 20%
6749. Which answer choice gives the best def-
inition for waves? C. 50%
A. the gravitational pull of the moon D. 100%
B. wind blowing across water, transfer- 6755. The compound found in ocean water that
ring energy to the water causing an up affects salinity
and down motion
C. the coriolis effect causing the ocean
water to move in an up and down motion
D. the differences in density causing the
ocean water to move in an up and down
motion
6750. What is the main feeding source for the A. sodium chloride
river of dominating loamy soils?
B. sodium
A. Rain surface runoff
C. chlorine
B. Surface runoff of melting ice and snow
D. density
C. Groundwater runoff
D. none of above 6756. What protects Earth from ultraviolet
rays from the sun?
6751. The formation of hurricanes, storms,
A. ozone layer
and other weather events requires energy.
The original energy source for all of these B. mesosphere
events is which type of energy? C. air pressure
A. Wind energy D. troposphere
B. Solar energy
6757. Most of the 3% of freshwater found on
C. Nuclear fission Earth is where?
D. Geothermal energy A. In the ocean
6752. Thunderstorms form along a cold front B. In ice
A. True C. In lakes, ponds, and streams
B. False D. In the rain

1.1 HYDROLOGY 774
6758. What percentage of Earth’s water is A. Zone 1-Sediment Production Zone

freshwater? B. Zone 2-Sediment Transport Zone
A. 70%
C. Zone 3-Sediment Deposition Zone
B. 97%
D. none of above
C. 3%
D. 50% 6762. Where is most water found on the
Earth?
6759. Which of the following is not uses of wa-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ter? A. In Glaciers
A. Drinking B. In Lakes
B. Preparation of food C. In Rivers
C. Making medicine D. In the Ocean
D. Doing homework 6763. What does sponge bob live in
6760. The map represents the expansion of A. Corn
a community around a lake from 1967-
1997. From 1967-1997 how is the qual- B. Pin Apple
ity of groundwater and surface water C. Pine Apple
likely to change? D. none of above
6764. Calcium carbonate deposit that hangs

from a cave’s ceiling
A. stalactites
B. stalagmites
A. Groundwater quality and surface wa- C. eutrophication
ter quality will improve
D. none of above
B. Groundwater quality and surface wa-
ter quality will get worse 6765. These cold, dense currents of water
C. Groundwater quality will improve moves from the pole to the equator and
while surface water quality will get worse back again to the poles.
D. Groundwater quality will get worse A. surface currents
while surface water quality will improve B. waves
6761. The headwater region of the river sys- C. tides
tem; generally at the highest point and
original source. D. deep ocean currents
6766. What does a pH of 7 most likely indicate

about the water quality?
A. The water is a strong base.
B. The water is highly acidic.
C. The water is toxic to drink.
D. The water is safe to drink.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 775
6767. What process starts the water cycle? = 0.6Forested areas, C = 0.1i = rainfall in-
tensity, in/hrA = watershed area, acres
A. Urban

B. Rural
C. Residential
D. Forest
6772. The curving of air to the right in the
A. Evaporation Northern hemisphere is caused by and
is called the effect.
B. Precipitation
C. Condensation
D. Groundwater
6768. Which of the following is the reason

why the ocean is so salty?
A. Fertilizers from farms mixing in the wa-
ter A. Earth’s rotation Coriolis
B. It comes from the ocean floor B. Earth’s revolution Coriolis
C. Weathering and erosion C. Earth’s rotation Doppler
D. Air pollution from acid rain D. Earth’s revolution Doppler
6769. The rolling of heavy rocks down the 6773. How does the density of cold air com-
river bed is known as pare to the density of warm air?
A. traction
B. saltation
C. suspension
D. drifting
6770. What do you call a large boulder carried

for many miles by a glacier? A. Cold air is less dense than warm air.
A. The Heavy B. Cold air is more dense than warm air.

C. Cold air and warm air have the same
B. a wandering stone
density.
C. an erratic block D. none of above
D. a striation
6774. Water can become cleaner underground
6771. If the runoff is 100 cfs from an area that due to:
is 500 acres and it is raining at a rate of 2 A. deltas
inches per hour, what type of area is this?
B. rocks filtering pollutants
Q = C i AQ = peak runoff rate in cfsC =
runoff coefficientUrban areas, C = 0.9In- C. flooding
dustrial areas, C = 0.8Residential areas, C D. evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 776
6775. All of the following are factors that can A. pollutiing

decrease the amount of water available in B. Over building
an aquifer except:
C. destroying
A. higher population sharing the aquifer
D. all of the above
B. living in a higher elevation
C. installing low flow/high efficiency wa- 6780. When a cold front is approaching, what
ter related appliances in your home happens?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. droughts A. warm air is pushing under cold air
causing humid weather and lower temper-
6776. Which factor is MOST responsible for atures
the ocean tides? B. warm air is pushing under cold air
A. the wind causing humid weather and higher tem-
peratures
B. earthquakes
C. warm air rises, cools, and causes rain
and thunderstorms
D. density differences in water D. cold air is pushed over warm air caus-
6777. About what percent of Earth’s surface is ing rain and thunderstorms
covered by oceans? 6781. A group of friends gather around a fire
A. 70% to stay warm.
B. 97%
C. 3%
D. 55%
6778. The Earth’s rotation causes the oppo-

site direction of the ocean currents in the
Northern and Southern hemisphere. What
is this phenomenon called?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. radiation
D. none of above
6782. Ways to conserve energy

A. Turn off the tap while brushing teeth
A. Density B. Fix your leaks
B. Moon’s Gravity C. Cut your showers short
C. Coriolis Effect D. All of the above
D. Continental Drift 6783. What happens to a hurricane as it
6779. Humans affect watersheds and wet- moves over land?
lands by: A. they get stronger

1.1 HYDROLOGY 777
B. they die out and lose energy 6789. What natural force moved the spilled
shipment of rubber ducks and distributed
them all over the world?

D. they create more hurricanes
A. Artesian Aquifer
6784. Which are the most abundant dissolved B. Tides
gases in ocean water? C. Wind
A. nitrogen and carbon dioxide D. Global Conveyor Belt
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide 6790. What is a gently sloping, shallow area
C. oxygen and methane of the ocean floor that extends outward
from the edge of the continent?
D. nitrogen and sulfide
6785. What is the primary energy source that B. continental rise
drives ocean currents on Earth?
A. Nuclear Fusion D. seamount
B. Geothermal Heating
6791. Water that is used for drinking.
C. Planet rotation A. ocean water
D. Solar Radiation B. water in glaciers
6786. Out of all the earths freshwater re- C. water in the atmosphere
sources, where is the most freshwater D. potable water
found?
6792. When does neap tide occur?
A. glaciers and ice caps
B. oceans
C. rivers
D. ground
6787. Surface currents are caused by

A. Floods
B. Warm Water A. When the earth, moon and sun are in
C. Winds a straight line
D. The equator B. When the earth, moon and sun are per-
pendicular
6788. The top surface of water in the ground
6793. Which of the following describes the
is called the
amount of salt in a substance?
A. zone of aeration A. salinity
B. water table B. potability
C. zone of saturation C. polarity
D. impermeable layer D. turbidity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 778
6794. A smooth, nearly flat region on the 6798. What powers the water cycle?
ocean floor is called A. sun
A. Trench B. wind
B. Abyssal Plain C. air
C. Mid-Ocean Ridge D. biomass
D. Seamount 6799. Winds that travel across large bodies
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of water tend to be , while those that
6795. What happens to pressure as you go travel across land tend to be
deeper into the ocean?
A. Moist; dry
B. Dry; moist
6800. a large stream of water that flows

through the ocean.
A. current
B. tide
A. increases C. wave
B. decreases D. wind
C. stays the same 6801. Flash flooding often occurs in city areas
D. doubles because
A. Roads, pavements, and buildings re-
6796. How does temperature relate to dis- duce the infiltration of water into the
solved oxygen levels? ground
A. Lower temperatures leads to higher B. Ground water storage is usually very
levels of dissolved oxygen. large
B. Higher temperatures leads to higher C. unoff decreases during precipitation
levels of dissolved oxygen. D. The heat generated by city areas de-
C. Temperature and dissolved oxygen do creases actual evapotranspiration
not relate.
6802. When the sun, the Moon, and the Earth
D. Lower temperatures leads to lower are aligned; high tides are higher than nor-
levels of dissolved oxygen. mal.
A. Neap Tide
6797. Water vapor is converted from a liquid
into a gas during which step in the water B. Spring Tide
cycle?
6803. What type of heat transfer is sunlight?
A. Condensation A. convection
B. Preciptiation B. radiation
C. Evaporation C. conduction
D. Sublimation D. infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 779
6804. Rain and snowmelt that infiltrates the

ground is called

A. An oxback lake
B. An oxen lake
A. backflow
C. An oxcart lake
B. groundwater
D. An oxbow lake
C. spongate
6809. The broad, flat part of the deep-ocean
D. infiltrate basin is the
6805. The layer of the atmosphere that is the A. continental shelf
coldest B. abyssal plain
A. Mesosphere C. trench
B. Thermosphere D. mid-ocean ridge
C. Stratosphere 6810. Water without salt-found in ice sheets,
D. Troposphere ice caps, glaciers, ponds, lakes, rivers,
streams, and underground.
6806. The continual movement of water A. saline water
among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and
land surface through evaporation, conden- B. freshwater
sation, and precipitation. C. oceans
A. Runoff D. saltwater
B. Water Cycle 6811. What symbolizes a trench
C. Aquifer
D. Hydrosphere
6807. The type of current that spins in a circu-

lar motion and captures debris is a
A. 3
A. Surface
B. 5
B. Upwelling C. 6
C. Density D. 7
D. Gyre
6812. A occurs where groundwater is dis-
6808. When the bends of a Meander get close charged at Earth’s surface at the contact
enough they can join, creating a new river between an aquifer and an aquiclude.
path. What is left is called A. lake

1.1 HYDROLOGY 780
B. spring 6817. Approximately 99.7% of all water on

Earth is found in oceans, seas, ice, and
C. geyser
theatmosphere. Based on this information,
D. wetland which statement is most accurate?
6813. Fill in the Blank: is the transfer of A. The Earth’s freshwater supply is infi-
heat through the movement of a liquid such nite.
as water or air. B. Less than 0.3% of Earth’s water is
drinkable.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Convection
B. Radiation C. Humans are not dependent on ocean
water.
C. Conduction
D. The water cycle returns all usable wa-
D. none of above ter to the sea.
6814. Hydrology is the study of 6818. The following map represents North
A. the earth Carolina’s river basins:Which of the fol-
lowing rivers is likely to flow into the At-
B. the universe lantic Ocean?
C. the atmosphere
D. water
6815. The lowest point on a wave is the:

A. Amplitude
B. Crest A. Catawba
C. Trough B. Little Tennessee
D. Wavelength C. Savannah
6816. What drives the water cycle? D. White Oak
6819. Because water is able to exist in the liq-

uid phase on Earth, water helps to moder-
ate temperatures across the entire planet.
Which statement BEST illustrates this link
betweenwater in the liquid phase and mod-
eration of temperatures?
A. The movement of water creates heat.
B. Ocean currents circulate heat away
from the equator.
A. Global winds
C. Earth’s internal heat is pushed out-
B. Weather patterns
ward through volcanic activity.
C. The sun
D. Land warms as ocean water makes di-
D. All of the above* rect contact with land.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 781
6820. What could happen when a drop of wa- C. clay (0.0002 cm)
ter falls back to earth? D. none of above

A. it goes into the oceans
6825. The drives the water cycle!
B. It goes into the rivers
A. Sun
C. It goes underground then into oceans,
B. Water
lakes, or rivers
C. Earth
D. It evaporates
D. Moon
6821. Which property of water allows water
to flow up from the roots of a plant to the 6826. Label B
leaves?
A. Surface Tension
B. Capillary Action
C. Universal Solvent
D. Changing States
6822. What do you call the process of plants C. abyssal plain
adding water to the atmosphere? D. sea mount
A. Evaporation
6827. What is the main source of energy for
B. Condensation the Water cycle?
C. Transpiration A. Heat from the Sun
D. Sublimation B. Heat from within the Earth’s Surface
6823. which moons will cause neap tides (se- C. Gravity
lect all that apply) D. Waves
A. new moon 6828. is the force exerted by the gases
B. full moon pushing on an object.
C. 1st quarter moon A. ozone pressure
D. 3rd quarter moon B. cloud pressure
C. air pressure
6824. Which soil would have the greatest cap-
illarity? D. stratus pressure
6829. In the water cycle, when water vapor
changes to liquid water is called(rain)
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
6830. tides occur when the sun and moon
are at right angles to each other.
A. sand (0.02 cm) A. Neap
B. silt (0.002 cm) B. Spring

1.1 HYDROLOGY 782
6831. How does ocean acidification impact ma- 6836. What 2 things causes the tides?
rine organisms?
A. Gravitational pull of the moon and sun
A. It helps with the growth of plants,
B. the location of the moon and the sun
causing the ecosystem to flourish.
relative to the earth
B. It eats away at the shells of calcium
C. the sun going down at night
carbonate organisms.
D. the water rising up at night causing the
C. It causes the seawater to evaporate
water to get chilly
NARAYAN CHANGDER
faster, leaving the ocean dry.
D. It does not affect marine organisms. 6837. Which issue was highlighted in Seasir-
acy?
6832. Where does most drinking water come
A. Trash in the ocean
from?
B. Overfishing
A. oceans
C. Bycatch
B. groundwater
D. All of the above
C. lakes
D. reservoirs 6838. The gentle sloping submerged surface
that extends from the shoreline toward
6833. an area of land that drains into a river the ocean basin floor is the continental
or lake
A. shelf
A. iceberg
B. slope
B. solar energy
C. rise
C. sun
D. margin
D. watershed
6839. The movement of rocks and weathered
6834. Which of the following is true about sta- materials is called
lagmites?
A. Chemistry
A. Grow down from the cave ceiling
B. Physical
B. Form on the cave floor
C. Weathering
C. They do not form in caves
D. Erosion
6835. It is the wearing away of the bed and the
bank by the load carried by a river. Abra-
A. strength of the wind.
sion increases as velocity increases.
B. length of time the wind blows across
A. Abrasion
the water.
B. Attrition
C. distance the wind blows across the wa-
C. Solution ter.
D. Hydraulic action D. salinity of the water.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 783
6841. Which are under water for longer peri- C. where there are melting glaciers
ods of time? D. where there are high temperatures

6846. Which of the following statements is
true about the development of a stream?
A. Wetlands
A. a stream’s slope increases as it ap-
B. Floodplains proaches base level
6842. Rivers, springs, and aquifers are all B. water along the sides and bottom of
fresh water components of the hydrologic the channel flows more rapidly
cycle/water cycle. As this water pro- C. deposition is greater in the outside
gresses through the cycle, it will eventu- curve of a meander
ally into the atmosphere before
and falling back to the earth as precipita- D. the velocity of water is greater along
tion. the outside of a meander curve
A. condense; evaporating 6847. Density is the amount of matter in a

B. evaporate; condensing given space or volume.
C. dissolve; cloud-forming A. True
D. condense; precipitating B. False
6848. Where is the lowest salinity in our

6843. Majority (about 70%) of the fresh wa-
oceans?
ter on Earth is
A. Deep in the Pacific Ocean
A. Frozen
B. Near the mouths of rivers that empty
B. Lakes
into oceans
C. Rivers
C. In the warm Atlantic Ocean
D. Underground
D. In the intermediate zone
6844. Wetland that has acidic water and moss
6849. What is the most abundant mineral in
A. Watershed seawater?
B. Marsh A. sodium dioxide
C. Swamp B. carbon chloride
D. Bog C. carbon dioxide
6845. What part of the oceans & seas have D. sodium chloride
the lowest salinity? 6850. A body of permeable rock which can con-
A. where there is low precipitation tain or transmit groundwater.
B. where there is high evaporation A. aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 784
B. porosity
C. groundwater
D. well
6851. What step of the Water Cycle is letter

B?
A. Tributaries
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Watershed
C. Divide
D. Lake
6855. Wet clothes drying on a clothesline on a

sunny day is an example of:
A. precipitation A. Evaporation
B. transpiration B. Condensation
C. condensation C. Precipitation
D. accumulation D. Transpiration
6852. What is used to measure the depth of 6856. The following map represents North
our oceans? Carolina’s river basins:Which river is likely
to impact South Carolina if it becomes pol-
A. Radar luted?
B. Echolocation
C. Sonar
D. Telescopes
6853. A student learns not to take shelter A. Catawba

under trees during thunderstorms. Why
should the student listen to this advice? B. Cape Fear
A. Thunderstorms have the possibility to C. After that

form hail that can cause injury. D. White Oak
B. Thunderstorms have heavy rains that 6857. gradually sloping, shallow area of the
can cause flooding. ocean floor that extends outward from the
C. Thunderstorms have lightning that can edge of a continent.
strike tall objects. A. Continental slope
D. Thunderstorms have the possibility to B. Continental shelf
form tornadoes that can lift dust and de-
6858. Which item is the most similar to a
bris.
porous rock?
6854. Streams and small rivers that flow into A. A piece of glass, because water runs
a big river. off of it.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 785
B. A sponge, because water can get in- B. Seamount

side of it. C. Mid-ocean ridge

C. A drinking cup, because you can pour D. Abyssal plain
water into it and it won’t let the water es-
cape. 6864. If you let your hair dry form the sun af-
D. A baking pan, because the water ter going swimming, you are taking advan-
spreads out in it. tage of:
A. transpiration
6859. How do we characterize an air mass
that forms over near the equator? B. condensation
A. Dry C. precipitation
B. Wet D. evaporation
C. Cold 6865. The annual rainfall at any given station

varies from
D. Warm
A. Weekly basis
6860. life in the water
B. Month to month
A. pH
C. Quarterly
B. nitrates and phosphates
D. Year to year
C. bioindicators
D. bioluminescence
6861. Compared with surface currents, deep

ocean currents are
A. colder and less dense
B. warmer and less dense A. island
C. warmer and more dense B. mid-ocean ridge
D. colder and more dense C. abyssal plain

D. volcano
6862. Liquid water turns into gas and rises
into the sky in 6867. Water cannot pass through them. Exam-
A. precipitation ple:granite
A. permeable
B. condensation
B. impermeable
C. evaporation
C. aquifer
D. none of above
D. none of above
6863. What feature is E?
6868. The largest source of saltwater is
A. oceans
B. glaciers
C. rivers
A. Volcanic island D. lakes

1.1 HYDROLOGY 786
6869. We can see meteors (falling stars) in 6873. This causes water to change from a liq-
this layer. uid to gas by sun’s energy
A. exosphere A. condensation
B. thermosphere B. evaporation
C. troposphere C. precipitation
D. mesosphere D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6870. Using the Graph what water source con- 6874. Which best explains why so little of the
tains the majority of easily accessible wa- water on Earth is available for human use?
ter for human use A. 97% of total water on Earth is salt wa-
water frozen in ice caps and glaciers.
B. 97% of total water on Earth is salt wa-
water found in lakes, rivers, and ponds
6875. Largecircular movements of surface cur-

rents
A. Lakes
A. CoriolisEffect
B. Soil Moisture
B. Gyres
C. Rivers
C. Wind
D. Living Things D. Waves
6871. The part of a meandering river that is 6876. The least permeable soil is
shrinking due to the impact of the current
A. topsoil
A. Cutbar
B. gravel
B. Point Blank
C. clay
C. Pointbar
D. silt
D. Cutbank
6877. The gas phase of water.
6872. What will most likely happen if a warm A. ice caps
ocean current travels north or south from
the equator? B. solution
A. The current will become warmer, caus- C. water vapor

ing it to become more dense and rise. D. specific heat
B. The current will become cooler, caus- 6878. To pick up due to an increase in velocity
ing it to become less dense and rise.
A. Erosion
C. he current will become cooler, causing
it to become more dense and sink. B. Evaporation
D. The current will become warmer, caus- C. Weathering

ing it to become less dense and sink D. Runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 787
6879. How is the cat being heated? 6884. Adhesion is an attraction between
molecules of different substances.

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
6885. The North Atlantic drift and Gulf Stream

are both
A. Cold
A. condensation B. Warm
B. conduction
C. high tides
C. convection
D. Low tides
D. radiation
6886. Cold ocean currents generally come from
6880. What name is given to large, destruc-
tive waves caused by underwater earth- A. The North Pole
quakes and volcanoes? B. The South Pole
A. Spring tide
C. The Equator
B. Longshore current
D. Both A and B
C. Tsunami
D. Swell 6887. Often water must be treated to become
, safe to drink
6881. Which of the following affects the
A. pathogen
ocean’s salinity?
A. currents B. potable
B. evaporation C. clarified
C. fresh water added by the rivers D. bonifide
D. all of the above
6888. As water rises through the atmosphere,
6882. This is the reason why icebergs can float it cools, condenses and becomes
on water A. clouds
A. density B. runoff
B. polarity
C. transpiration
C. buoyancy
D. water table
D. surface tension
6889. What is the measure of dissolved salts
6883. Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow,
in a given amount of liquid called?
sleet, or hail.
A. evaporation A. desalinization
B. transpiration B. water cycle

C. condensation C. evparation
D. precipitation D. salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 788
6890. The surface in the picture would be clas- 6895. surface water from rain and melted
sified as: snow that flows over land into lower bod-
ies of water
A. water cycle
B. water vapor
C. condensation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. run off
A. permeable
6896. Warm ocean currents bring what type
B. impermeable
of weather?
6891. A large stream of water moving through
A. cold and dry
an ocean
A. Wave B. cold and moist
B. Tide C. moist and humid
C. Current D. warm and dry
D. Wake
6897. The unending circulation of Earth’s wa-
6892. The entire geographical area drained by ter supply is known as what?
a river and its tributaries
A. Flood
A. River basin
B. watershed B. Surface Water
C. Groundwater C. Water Cycle
D. Aquifer D. Groundwater
6893. Soil formation begins with the weather-
ing of 6898. A delta at the mouth of a river is the
direct result of
A. Humus
B. Subsoil A. runoff from sewage
C. Litter B. deposition of sediment
D. Bedrock C. an ancient glacier that passed through
6894. Name ocean feature C. D. an underground river flowing to the
ocean
6899. What was the mineral or toxin that was

leached from pipes in Flint?
A. Calcium Carbonate
A. trench
B. Shigella
B. volcanic island
C. seamount C. Lead
D. MOR D. E. Coli

1.1 HYDROLOGY 789
6900. Air always moves from areas of

pressure to pressure.

A. High; low
B. Low; high
C. High; high
A. it speeds up, picking up more material
D. Low; low
B. it continues at the same speed
6901. What is another word to describe the C. it slows down, depositing material
water found in an estuary like the Chesa-
peake Bay? D. it makes a whirlpool
6905. On most ocean shorelines, the water

rises slowly and covers the land twice a
day. Then it slowly falls back. What is
this movement called?
A. current
B. wave
C. tide
A. Organic
D. drift
B. Brackish
6906. Which part of the water cycle is indi-
C. Polluted
cated by the red arrow?
D. Clear
6902. Which hydrograph, A or B, is more likely

after a long period of light rainfall?
A.
A. Precipitation
B. Run Off
B.
C. Accumulation
D. Condensation
6903. After it rains, which process makes the
water move back into the atmosphere? 6907. Pattern of temperature and precipita-
tion typical of an area over a long period
A. evaporation of time.
B. precipitation A. Climate
C. condensation B. Weather forecast
D. runoff
6908. A stream or small river that feeds into
6904. When a river meets a large body of wa- a main river is called
ter A. aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 790
B. well C. Transpiration
C. tributary D. Runoff
D. none of above 6914. Which of the following factors does not
impact the infiltration rate of water?
6909. A major cause of floods is
A. light rain over a large area.
B. The water table level
B. increased capacity of stream chan-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
nels.
C. empty space in the zone of saturation. D. The amount of pollution in a nearby
stream
D. no space in the zone of saturation
6915. Deep density currents form from
6910. The is known as the continuous
movement of water molecules between A. tides and waves
the Earth and its atmosphere and back B. wind and precipitation
again. C. temperature and salinity
A. carbon cycle D. minerals and oxygen
B. nitrogen cycle
6916. What phase of the water cycle occurs
C. water cycle when water collects on the outside of a
D. all of the above cold glass?
A. Transpiration
6911. Ocean water differs from freshwater in
that it has: B. Evaporation
A. a lower temperature C. Condensation
B. a higher temperature D. Precipitation
C. a higher concentration of silicon diox- 6917. Groundwater can be obtained by drilling

ide a well
D. a higher concentration of sodium chlo- A. into the impermeable layer
ride B. into the unsaturated zone
6912. What is a ridge or area of higher ground C. into an aquifer
that keeps watersheds separated from D. above the water table
one another?
6918. During the moon phase shown in the im-
A. Channel
age Earth will experience a-
B. Tributary
C. Watershed
D. Divide
6913. When water vapor is cooled and forms

droplets of liquid water
A. Condensation A. Spring Tide
B. Evaporation B. Neap Tide tags112.20.b.7.C

1.1 HYDROLOGY 791
6919. What soil conservation method refers to 6924. A porous layer of rock underground that
forming steps in a hill to prevent water can store water is a:
erosion?

A. Aquifer
A. windbreaks
B. Aquitard
B. contour plowing
C. Aquaman
C. terrace farming
D. Wet rock
D. strip cropping
6920. How many oceans are there in the 6925. What two processes put water up into
world? the atmosphere as a vapor?
A. 7 A. condensation and evaporation
B. 6 B. precipitation and condensation
C. 5 C. runoff and infiltration
D. 4 D. transpiration and evaporation
6921. Large accumulation of ice on or near the
poles of the Earth. 6926. Look at the diagram below. Which step
in the water cycle is #3?
A. Water Cycle
B. Watershed
C. Surface Water
D. Ice Cap/Glaciers
6922. Which statement correctly defines

wind?
A. Wind is the movement of air from ar-
eas of low pressure to areas of high pres- A. Evaporation
sure
B. Condensation
B. Wind is the movement of air to a colder
area in the atmosphere. C. Precipitation
C. Wind is the movement of air from ar- D. Transpiration
eas of high pressure to areas of low pres-
E. Collection
sure.
D. Wind is the movement of air pushed 6927. What processes of the water cycle re-
around and bouncing off Earth’s surface. turn water vapor directly to the atmo-
sphere?
6923. Diffuse runoff from large areas of land.
A. water retention and runoff
A. Point source pollution
B. Nonpoint source pollution B. freezing and precipitation
C. Sediment C. infiltration
D. Watershed D. evapotranspiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 792

along a coastal area. what is a likely con-
sequence of this action?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. condensation
A. an intrusion of saltwater into aquifers B. precipitation
B. the loss of water resources in estuar- C. evaporation
ies
D. none of above
C. the destruction of estuaries because
of an increase in sea levels 6932. Why do we need to conserve water?
D. a decrease in salt concentration in in-
let waterways
6929. Water can infiltrate loose soil when the

soil is
A. It is an unlimited resource.
B. It is a limited resource and all living
things need it.
D. There is no need to conserve water.
A. saturated and permeable 6933. What do we call water that flows over
the ground surface rather than soaking in?
B. saturated and impermeable
A. runoff
C. unsaturated and permeable
D. unsaturated and impermeable B. discharge
C. recharge
6930. The tides are mainly caused by the grav-
itational pull of the D. tributary
A. Sun 6934. water that falls from clouds to Earth’s

B. Moon surface as rain, snow, sleet or hail
C. Earth A. condensation
D. Mars B. evaporation
C. transpiration
6931. What part of the hydrological cycle does
this picture show? D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 793
6935. Which best explains why inhabitants of B. 15

an estuary must adapt to frequent envi-
C. 17
ronmental changes?

D. 20
6940. What is C?
A. estuaries receive very little sunlight

B. brackish water is always warm
C. the water has very low levels of oxy-
gen A. Evaporation
D. the salinity level is constantly changing B. Condensation
due to tides, floods, and droughts
C. Precipitation
6936. As the human population continues to D. Runoff
grow, the supply of clean water will likely
6941. What energy source powers the water
A. increase cycle?
B. decrease A. the sun
C. stay the same B. the moon
D. fluctuate up and down, regardless of C. the wind
population
D. changes in density
6937. Deep Ocean currents are affected by
A. temperature 6942. Scientists who study weather and try to
predict it are called
B. salinity
A. astronomers
C. density
B. climatologist
D. wind
C. meteorologist
6938. What is the main cause of ocean waves?
D. weatherologist
A. The gravitational pull of the moon
B. Movement on the ocean floor 6943. Which is not a factor that affects cli-
mate?
C. The Coriolis effect
D. Global Winds A. altitude
B. latitude
6939. How many river basins are there in
North Carolina? C. lakes and oceans
A. 12 D. living organisms

1.1 HYDROLOGY 794
6944. Which statement BEST describes how C. rivers

density is affected by salinity? D. aquifers
A. as salinity increases, density in-
creases 6949. A strong coastal storm with high wind
speeds moves over a region. How is it
B. as salinity decreases, density in- likely to affect wave heights?
creases
A. increase
C. as salinity decreases, density stays
B. decrease
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the same
D. as density increases, salinity stays the C. stay the same
same D. no waves will be created
6945. At night, the warmer air over the ocean 6950. What percent of all water is freshwa-
rises, and the cooler air over land sinks ter?
then moves towards the ocean. What type
A. 1%
of breeze is this?
B. 3%
C. 2%
D. 30%
6951. Which of the following questions can a

student ask to determine if this is correct?
A. Sea breeze
B. Land Breeze
6946. The highest point in a wave is the

A. crest
B. wavelength A. Is 100% of the water on Earth immedi-
C. trough
B. Is 97% of the water on Earth immedi-
D. wave height
6947. How much of our planet’s water is salt- C. C. Is 2% of the water on Earth immedi-
water? ately available to drink?
A. 75% D. D. Is 1% of the water on Earth immedi-
B. 1% ately available to drink?
C. 99% 6952. What holds approximately 96.5%-
D. 97% 97% of the Earth’s water?
6948. Permeable rock layers or sediments that A. The polar caps

freely transmit groundwater are B. Glaciers
A. springs C. Lakes & Rivers
B. water tables D. Oceans

1.1 HYDROLOGY 795
6953. the portion of land drained by a river C. oil, which is drilled from the aquifer
and its tributaries and used to power homes.

A. rivershed D. silica, which is used to make glass and
B. river basin paper products.
C. water basin 6959. What affects the height of a wave as it

moves across the ocean?
D. aquifer
A. An increase in the distance the wind
6954. What ways can you conserve water? blows will increase the height of a wave.
A. Water your lawn when it is not sunny B. An increase in the distance the wind
B. Run the dishwasher when it is full blows will decrease the height of the
wave.
C. Turn the water off while brushing your
teeth C. The decrease in the amount of moving
ocean water, the higher the waves will be-
D. Water your lawn on a hot sunny day
come.
6955. What were the original two elements in D. The increase in the amount of moving
our universe? ocean water, the higher the waves will be-
A. Lithium and Carbon come.
B. Hydrogen and Neon 6960. The spinning (rotation) of Earth on its

C. Helium and Chlorine axis causes currents to curve rather than
flow in straight lines. What is this called?
D. Hydrogen and Helium
A. coriolis effect
6956. What is the effect called when water B. curving effect
sticks to itself?
C. salinity effect
A. Coriolis effect
D. Gulf Stream effect
B. Adhesion
6961. A majority of earths surface is
C. Cohesion
A. water
D. Covalence
B. land
6957. What land use would be the best choice
for watershed drainage? 6962. Most of earth’s freshwater is
A. mall A. solid
B. wetland B. liquid
C. recreational area C. gas
6958. Aquifers are sources of 6963. Which of the following may occur when
groundwater is polluted?
A. freshwater, which is used for drinking,
bathing, and watering crops. A. Drinking water quality is improved.
B. saltwater, which is pushed through B. Freshwater storage is increased.

turbines to make energy. C. Saltwater intrusion may occur.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 796
D. Wells may be polluted affecting water 6969. Groundwater accounts for percent
quality. of the freshwater.
A. 10
physical properties of water is likely to im- B. 40
prove the biotic index of a NC stream? C. 20
A. Algae growth D. 30
B. Decaying matter
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6970. These are also called typhoons and cy-
C. Suspended solids clones
D. Dissolved oxygen A. Tornado
6965. An area of land that drains in to a river B. Hurricane

is called a 6971. What feature is shown as #7?
A. estuary
B. ocean
C. river basin
D. beach A. island
6966. Water draining in a stream from your B. mid-ocean ridge
driveway down the street and into the C. trench
sewer is an example of:
D. volcano
A. Evaporation
6972. What does the Gulf stream come from
B. Deposition
A. Equator
C. Run off
B. North Pole
D. Solar Energy
C. South Pole
6967. In which direction does a land breeze D. The sky
blow and at what time does it happen?
6973. a small boat that can travel in deep
A. From land to sea during the day.
ocean water
B. From land to sea at night.
C. From the sea to the land during the
day.
D. From the sea to the land at night.
6968. The Coriolis Effect changes a current’s

path due to Earth’s
A. rotation A. scuba
B. winds B. submersible
C. tides C. water pressure
D. temperature differences D. trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 797
6974. Oil and water don’t mix because oil is A. delta

B. alluvial fan

C. flood plain
D. oxbow lake
6978. area where the zone of aeration and

zone of saturation meet
A. polar
B. nonpolar A. water cycle
C. an emulsifier B. recharge zone
D. a buffer C. water table
6975. Which of the following is an example of D. none of above

evaporation?
6979. What is infiltration?
A. water droplets on a cup
B. water on mirror after a shower
C. snow
D. water drying up from a puddle
6976. What type of rock do fossils form in?
A. The zone where there are still air

spaces left between the particles
B. The process by which water does not
sink into the ground, but rather travels
A. Igneous along the surface.
B. Sedimentary C. The process by which water vapor turn
into liquid water and forms fog or clouds.
C. Metamorphic
D. Classic D. The process by which water sinks into
the ground.
6977. A landform made of sediment that is de-
posited where a river flows into an ocean 6980. Which of the following factors does not
or lake. impact the infiltration rate of water?
B. The water table level
D. The amount of pollution in a nearby
stream

1.1 HYDROLOGY 798
6981. Some of the rain returns to the ocean 6985. What is layer “C” of the atmosphere?
from rivers and streams as runoff. Some
seeps into the ground through a process
called to later percolate and become
groundwater.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Toposphere
B. Exosphere
C. Thermosphere
A. transpiration D. Mesosphere
B. evaporation 6986. What type of tides would this arrange-
C. infiltration ment of earth-moon-sun create causing the
tides to be higher than average?
D. precipitation
6982. Is new water ever created?
A. Yes
B. No
6983. We average 200 inches of snow each
winter. A. neap tide
A. Weather B. spring tide
B. Climate C. new moon tide
6984. We can prevent water pollution by: D. full moon tide
6987. Which of the following is NOT a place

where freshwater is found on Earth?
A. Reduce the use of plastic. A. a stream

B. Properly dispose of chemicals. B. a river
C. Clean up after your animals. C. glaciers
D. All of the above D. an ocean

1.1 HYDROLOGY 799
6988. The supply of freshwater under the 6992. The highest point on a wave is:
Earth’s surface. A. the crest

A. watershed B. the trough
B. headwaters C. the top
C. mouth D. the coast
D. groundwater 6993. Which would most affect the health of
fish in a local pond?
6989. Which best explains the importance of
estuaries? A. The daily release of hot water from a
local factory
A. estuaries are freshwater areas that
support a large amount of living things B. A storm temporarily stirring up sedi-
ment
B. estuaries are areas where freshwater
C. The occasional erosion of sediments
and saltwater collide, resulting in large
from a field
amounts of biodiversity
D. A slight increase in the number of fish-
C. estuaries are tropical areas that sup-
ermen
port an abundance of life usually found in
cold regions of the ocean 6994. What ocean floor feature is located at
D. estuaries are nutrient rich areas be- Letter F?
cause they have large amounts of carbon
dioxide seeping into the water from the
ground below

A. Seamount
B. Deep Ocean Trench
C. Continental Shelf
D. none of above
6995. Where is the shallowest part of the to-
pographythat is near land?
A. drainage A. Continental Shelf
B. infiltration B. Abyssal Plain
C. run-off C. Volcanic Island
D. Mid-Ocean Ridge
D. evaporation
6996. How much of Earth’s water is readily
6991. How many river basins are in NC? available?
A. 20 A. 97%
B. 13 B. 1%
C. 15 C. It depends on the day
D. 17 D. 3%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 800
6997. Which statement best describes how 7002. is movement of water past the soil
density is affected by salinity? AKS 3d going deep into the groundwater.
A. As the salinity of the water decreases, A. Evaporation
the density increases. B. Transpiration
B. As the salinity of the water increases, C. Percolation
the density increases
D. Sublimation
C. As the salinity of the water decreases,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
there is no change in density. 7003. True or False:The area between high
tide and low tide is the intertidal zone.
D. There is no relationship between salin-
ity and density A. True
B. False
6998. A tropical cyclone in the nothern hemi-
sphere is a zone of 7004. Which of the following is a form of pre-
A. Low pressure with clockwise wind cipitation?
B. Low pressure with anticlockwise wind A. rain
C. High pressure with clockwise wind B. snow
D. High pressure with anticlockwise wind C. sleet

D. all of the above
6999. Most of Earth’s freshwater is found in
7005. An underwater mountain range that is
an oceanic spreading center. Responsible
A. Rivers, lakes, & streams
for the creation of new ocean floor.
B. oceans A. trench
C. Glaciers B. mid-ocean ridge
D. Aquifers C. abyssal plain
7000. A period of time when no rain falls D. continental shelf
A. Drought 7006. Imaginary line that runes through Earth.

B. Desertification A. orbit
C. Lowland B. day
D. Succulent C. tilt
D. axis
7001. How does fossil fuel burning impact the
acidity of the ocean? 7007. Some lakes, such as the Great Lakes,
A. It decreases acidity. formed in deep basins carved by
B. It increases acidity. A. wind
C. It does not change the acidity, B. water
D. It increases then decreases the acid- C. glaciers

ity. D. moraines

1.1 HYDROLOGY 801
7008. The circulation of the earth’s water, in 7013. What is the MAIN cause of Earth’s Tides
which water evaporates from the sea into A. Wind
the atmosphere, where it condenses and

falls as rain or snow, returning to the sea B. Sun
by rivers or returning to the atmosphere C. The spinning of Earth
by evapo-transpiration is called the D. Moon
A. carbon cycle
7014. Using sonar, seismic profiling, satel-
B. nitrogen cycle lites, and underwater research vehicles,
C. water cycle oceanographers have discovered that the
shape of the ocean floor is quite similar
D. rock cycle
to many of the dramatic sights we see on
7009. A flat area of the ocean floor, covered the landforms on Earth’s continents. Al-
with sand, mud, and plant and animal re- though we have made great technological
mains. advances and have mapped out parts of
the ocean floor, there are still many fac-
A. continental shelf tors that make it difficult to survey. Which
B. continental slope of the following is not a reason that makes
is difficult to map the oceans?
C. abyssal plain
A. The lack of sunlight.
D. mid-ocean ridges
B. The salinity of ocean water.
7010. The Global Conveyor Belt (deep water C. The water pressure.
currents) are powered by which of the fol-
lowing? D. It is too cold.
A. wind 7015. Wastes produced by agriculture, house-

holds, industry, mining, and other human
B. density
activities can end up in
C. heating
A. groundwater
D. precipitation
B. streams and rivers
7011. A nearly flat region of the ocean floor, C. oceans
covered with thick layers of sediment, is D. All of these choices
called a(an)
A. mid-ocean ridge. 7016. Which of the following questions would
best describe where water on Earth is lo-
B. abyssal plain. cated when answered?
C. continental slope.
D. seamount.
7012. measurement of precipitation is by

A. amount of precipitation
B. intensity of precipitation
C. both a and b A. Is 97% of Earths water located in
D. none of the above rivers?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 802
B. Is 3% of Earth’s water found in the

Ocean?
C. Is 97% of Earth’s water found in the
Ocean?
D. Is 3% of Earth’s water found in the at-
mosphere as water vapor?
7017. The water that forms on the outside of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
a cold glass is due to
A. Evaporation A. 22%
B. Precipitation B. 3%
C. Condensation C. less than 1%
D. The water in the glass D. 75%
7018. The tendency of two similar particles to 7022. What decreases runoff?
stick together is an example of? A. drought, population, and agriculture
A. adhesion B. precipitation
B. surface tension C. heavy rainfall
C. permeability D. continental shelf
D. cohesion 7023. The position or arrangement of some-
thing in space or time.
7019. The water is dense than the boat
causing the boat to float on the water. A. infiltration
B. runoff
C. precipitation
D. distribution
7024. 3 hydrological process

A. precipitation
B. sunny
A. more
C. evaporation
B. less
D. groundwater
7020. Which picture shows a warm front?
7025. Which is not an ocean?
A.
B.
7021. How much of Earth’s total water supply

is readily available for human use?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 803
A. Pacific 7029. Ocean currents on the top of the water

B. Atlantic that are driven by wind is called

C. road cancer A. wind currents
D. Arctic B. surface currents
C. salt currents
7026. Look at the diagram below. Which un-
derwater feature is illustrated at B? D. none of above
7030. What is the best definition of a water

table?
A. Abyssal Plain
B. Volcanic island
C. Continental Shelf
A. The level to which a river rises when it
D. Continental Slope floods
7027. Identify the ocean at location #1. B. The boundary between the land and
the ocean
C. The top of the saturated zone in an
aquifer
D. The top of the unsaturated zone in an
aquifer
A. Southern Ocean 7031. The use of sound waves to determine

the depth of the ocean is called
B. Arctic Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. Indian Ocean
7028. All water on Earth’s surface (runoff)

eventually empties:
A. submarine sounding
B. sonar
C. satellite altimetry
D. submersible sounding
A. into an ocean
B. into another river sity as you go deeper into the ocean?
C. into the ground A. Temperature increases; density de-
D. into a lake creases.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 804
B. Temperature decreases; density in- 7037. What is the difference between transpi-
creases. ration and evaporation? (Student created)
C. They both increase. A. Evaporation is water vapor from lakes,
D. They both decrease. rivers, and the sea while transpiration is
evaporation from plants
7033. Valuable water resource on Earth; pro- B. The solidifying of water
vides drinking water
C. The movement of cold and hot fronts
A. Ground water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. There is none, they are the same.
B. Aquifer
C. Upwelling 7038. The majority of freshwater on Earth is
found where?
D. Estuary
A. Underground
7034. direct techniques in preparing unit hy- B. Glaciers
drograph is
C. Oceans
A. nash-cascade
D. Surface Water
B. orthogonal expansion
C. soil moisture accounting models 7039. What is the percent of available drink-
ing freshwater?
D. linear channels and reservoir
A. 97%
7035. clear ice pellets precipitation, forms B. 71%
when rain falls through layer of freezing
air C. 3%
D. less than 1%
7040. Why do tornadoes form in Tornado Al-

ley?
A. Tornado Alley is a low humidity area.
B. High pressure weather systems form
there.
C. Warm, moist air collides with cold, dry
A. drizzle air and creates large storm fronts.
B. snow D. Warm, dry air collides with cold, dry air
C. sleet and creates large storm fronts.
D. dew 7041. What happens to the pressure as depth
7036. The gravitational pull that the moon has increases in the ocean? (As you descend,
on Earth is go down, through the water column.)
A. greater on solids than liquids A. Pressure increases
B. the main cause of high and low tides B. Pressure decreases
C. responsible for longshore currents 7042. What percentage of the earth is water?
D. responsible for tsunamis A. 24%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 805
B. 52% 7047. In the ocean, how are surface currents

C. 71% powered?

D. 90% A. gravity
7043. The letter with the lowest permeabili- B. density

tyis C. wind
D. spinning of Earth
7048. Excess precipitation will create this

occurs beacuase gravity causes water to
flow downhill.
A. runoff
B. groundwater
A. A-loosely packed, well structured soil C. transpiration
B. B-loosely packed soil with uniform par- D. precipitation
ticle size
C. C-tightly packed soil with uniform par- 7049. Which would best indicate that lake wa-
ticle size ter may be unsafe to drink
D. D-tightly packed soil with mixed parti-
cle size
7044. What is the third zone of the ocean
called?
A. Midnight
B. Trench
C. Sunlight
D. Abyss
7045. Where is most of Earth’s Fresh Water
located?
A. Rivers and Lakes A. the kinds of microorganisms living in
B. Groundwater the lake
C. Ice Caps and Glaciers B. the temperature of the lake water
D. The oceans C. the presence of fish in the lake
7046. How does the porosity of frozen soil D. the amount of runoff into the lake
compare with unfrozen soil?
7050. liquid water that changes to gas
A. It is less in the frozen soil
A. water cycle
B. It is greater in the frozen soil
B. run off
C. The porosity of both would be the
same C. water vapor
D. none of above D. condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 806
7051. A nutritionist from Gajah Mada Univer- A. zone of saturation

sity Perdana Samekto Msc RD said that
B. zone of aeration
humans can survive without water for as
long C. zone of soil moisture
A. 1-2 days D. zone of twilight
B. 2-3 days 7056. What 2 factors largely impact the den-
C. 3-5 days sity of ocean water?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 4-7 days A. Density and Pressure
7052. A farmer in California’s Central Valley B. Temperature and Coriolis Effect

is evaluating irrigation systems for lettuce C. Temperature and Salinity
fields. The farmer is most interested in in-
D. Pressure and Salinity
stalling a system that will deliver the most
amount of water to crops with the least 7057. what is water vapor?
amount of water loss to the rest of the en-
vironment. Which of these systems should A. water on the land
the farmer choose? B. water in the air
A. a flooding system that fills entire crop C. water in plants
fields with water
D. water in the water
B. a canal and ditch system that can de-
liver water to specific crop areas 7058. What landform is produced at the mouth
C. a drip system that uses tubing to inject of the Mississippi River?
water into the soil next to crops A. delta
D. a spray system that launches water B. alluvial fan
through the air over many acres of crops
C. drumlin
7053. water that fills the cracks and spaces in D. none of above
A. runoff 7059. Where are most corals found on the
ocean floor?
B. water vapor
C. precipitation
B. abyssal plain
D. groundwater
C. mid-ocean ridge
7054. Most of the water that evaporates on
Earth comes from D. continental shelf
A. rivers 7060. What is the fan-shaped deposit at the

B. lakes mouth of a stream?
C. ponds A. Delta
D. oceans B. Oxbow
C. Point Bar
7055. Which of the following implies the same
thing as the word “aquifer”? D. Headwater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 807
7061. Which of the following is a factor that 7067. is the measure of how salty the
can increase the lag time in a storm hydro- ocean’s water is.
graph for a forested area?

A. Increased infiltration
B. Reduced interception
C. Decreased tree cove
D. Increased impermeable surface
7062. 97% of the water on earth is , mak-
ing it undrinkable for humans. A. salinity
A. fresh water B. solution
B. ground water C. coral
C. salt water D. plankton
D. surface water
7068. 97% of water on Earth is water.
7063. The area that holds the water. A. Salt
A. Watershed B. Fresh
B. Basin
7069. Which trait would result in high rates of
C. Slope runoff
D. Runoff
A. gentle slope
7064. the process in which water falls from B. high saturation of ground
clouds in the sky
C. high porosity
A. condensation
D. high permeability
B. evaporation
C. perspiration 7070. what is a cold front?
D. precipitation A. cool and clear weather

7065. To take in or soak up water
C. days of clouds and precipitation
A. Water Vapor
B. Infiltration
cooler temperatures
C. Runoff
7071. What happens during a warm front?
D. Evaporation
A. Cold air rushes in and pushes warm air
7066. The process by which water vapor in the back
atmosphere cools and becomes a liquid is
B. Cold air rushes in and pushes cold air
called
back
A. Evaporation
C. Warm air rushes in and pushes warm
B. Perspiration air back
C. Condensation D. Warm air rushes in and pushes cold air
D. Transportation back

1.1 HYDROLOGY 808
7072. What covers 70% of the earth’s surface 7076. What river features and landforms are
A. Ocean associated with a cross section or profile
of a river valley in its upper course.
B. Rivers
A. river source, V-shape, interlocking
C. Lakes spurs, narrow and shallow river channel
D. Ponds B. delta, flood plain, river mouth, levees,
7073. Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all exam- wide and deep river channel
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ples of C. sheep farming, wind turbines, HEP
(hydro-electric power) stations and dams
and reservoirs
D. none of above
7077. The continental slope is located at the

end of the
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. accumulation
D. precipitation
7074. Deposition changes the Earth’s surface

because eroded materials
A. stop the river’s flow A. shoreline
B. make rich farmlands B. continental shelf
C. are dropped in new places C. mid ocean ridge
D. move very slowly D. abyssal plain
7075. What is the best definition for hydrol- 7078. Which of the following terms refers to
ogy? all of Earth’s water
A. The study of water on the earth and A. water cycle
in the atmosphere:its distribution, move-
ment, uses and conservation. B. precipitation
B. All the waters on the earth’s surface, C. dew point
such as lakes and seas, and sometimes D. hydrosphere
including water over the earth’s surface,
such as clouds. 7079. the transfer of energy by electro-
C. The continual movement of water magnetic waves is called
among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and A. conduction
land surface through evaporation, conden-
B. convection
sation, and precipitation.
C. radiation
D. The study of hydration and drinking wa-
ter. D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 809

sents a well.

A. Impermeable
A. A B. Permeable
B. B 7084. Land that is soaked with water

C. C A. Deserts
D. D B. Wetlands
E. E C. Savannas
D. The ocean
7081. Because ions interact with water
molecules, ionic compounds are generally 7085. There are multiple farms around the
area. An algal bloom started in the
Delaware. This is what type of pollution?
A. Thermal
B. Point Source
C. Non Point Source
D. none of above
7086. When a molecule has an opposite elec-

trical charge on each end, it is known as
A. soluble in water what?
B. insoluble in water
C. nonelectrolytes
D. radioactive in water
7082. The powers the water cycle.

A. Sun
B. Earth
A. cohesion
C. Water
B. polar molecule
D. Nalence
C. hydrogen bond
7083. The image is an example of D. solution

1.1 HYDROLOGY 810
7087. All the bodies of fresh water above the

ground (rivers, Streams, Lakes)
A. Infiltration
B. Surface Water
C. Groundwater
D. Water Table
A. 1. The remains of the water is soaked
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7088. The movement of cold water upward into the ground.2.Groundwater
from the deep ocean that is caused by B. 1. Groundwater2. The remains of the
wind. water is soaked into the ground.
A. The boy C. 1. Groundwater2. Transpiration hap-
pens to the plants.
B. Climate
D. 1. The liquid turns into an gas or an
C. Coriolis Effect
water vapor2. Evaporation
D. Upwelling
7092. The Maraina is the deepest known
7089. How does the Coriolis effect affect place on Earth
ocean currents? A. Volcano
A. It makes them appear to curve. B. Seamount
B. It causes the to move clockwise. C. Ridge
C. It causes them to move counterclock- D. Trench
wise.
7093. Estuaries help filter pollutants from the
D. It causes them to move in circles. water, provide nurseries for marine and
aquatic species, and are buffer zones that
7090. A is atear-drop-shaped hill created protect the mainland from storms.
by ice flow over and around till deposit.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
7094. Which reservoir contains most of the
Earth’s water?
A. Groundwater
B. Ice Caps and Glaciers
C. Lakes
A. drumlin
D. Oceans
B. thank you
7095. Thunderstorms, hurricanes, and torna-
C. moraine
does form at pressure systems, where
D. erratic you have warm (typically moist/humid)
air quickly rising.
7091. After the rain falls down onto Earth’s
surface, what most likely happens? What A. low
is it called? B. high

1.1 HYDROLOGY 811
7096. When a stalactite and a stalagmite meet 7101. The process in which some water within
they form a new feature known as a: plants evaporates into the atmosphere

A. cave A. evaporation
B. stalactomite B. transpiration
C. cockpit C. infiltration
D. pillar D. precipitation
7097. Air travels 7102. The name of the area that is the upper
A. from high pressure to low pressure level of the zone of saturation:
B. from low pressure to high pressue A. Zone of Saturation
7098. process in the water cycle during which B. Zone of Aeration

streams and rivers carry water back to the C. Water Table
oceans
D. none of above
A. freshwater
B. collection 7103. What is a stream or river that feeds into
a larger body of water?
C. Atlantic Ocean
A. Tributary
D. convection
B. Estuary
7099. Precipitation that falls near the equator C. Bay
is most likely to fall as
D. Watershed
A. snow into the ocean.
B. snow onto a glacier. 7104. Which does not cause a hurricane to de-
crease in strength?
C. rain into the ocean.
D. rain onto land. A. The hurricane moves into an area with
cold water.
7100. When electrons are evenly shared be- B. The hurricane moves into an area that
tween two identical atoms, what type of is over land.
bond forms?
C. The hurricane moves into an area that
has dry air.
D. The hurricane moves stays over warm
tropical waters.
7105. A land form made of sediment that is de-

posited where a river flows into an ocean
or lake
A. a hydrogen bond A. River
B. a nonpolar covalent bond B. Source
C. a polar covalent bond C. Delta
D. an ionic bond D. Estuary

1.1 HYDROLOGY 812
7106. The bottom of the ocean is completely 7111. In which step(s) of the water cycle does
flat. water lose energy?
A. true
B. false
7107. What part of the water cycle does this
picture show?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. both a and b
D. none of these
A. condensation 7112. Which best describes the water found in

B. precipitation estuaries?
C. evaporation A. salt water
D. none of above B. brackish
7108. Tree roots cause C. freshwater
A. physical weathering. D. none of above

B. chemical weathering. 7113. How many hours does it take for a high
C. both chemical and physical weather- tide to move to a low tide?
ing. A. 2
D. neither chemical or physical weather-
B. 4
ing.
C. 6
7109. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:Which of the
following is a source of freshwater? D. 12
A. streams 7114. what is an aquifer?
B. rivers A. water trapped in a body of permeable
C. lakes rock which can store or transmit ground-
D. oceans water
B. a well in which water is under pres-
7110. Because of the tilt of the Earth, as it re-
sure
volves around the sun, this happens
C. solid rock underlying loose permeable
A. Inertia
layer such as soil or sand
B. Gravity
D. a confining layer of earth which traps
C. Neap Tides water so that it is stored and cannot re-
D. Seasons turn tothe water cycle

1.1 HYDROLOGY 813
7115. causes surface currents.

A. The Coriolis Effect

B. gravity
C. density differences
D. wind
A. Fractures
7116. Two The following is an example of
B. a Cone
point source pollution:(EEn 2.4.2)
C. Weather resistant material
A. Discharge from a wastewater treat-
ment plant. D. Radial Tires
B. Run-off from urban areas 7120. Orographic precipitation occurs due to

air masses being lifted to higher altitudes
C. Run-off from a pasture.
by
D. Agricultural facilities. A. the density difference of air masses
7117. A is an area into which all of the B. a frontal action
water on a divide empties into. C. the presence of mountain barriers
A. drainage basin D. extratropical cyclones
B. divide 7121. An isolated underwater volcanic moun-
C. delta tain, with a flat top
D. glacier A. island
B. guyot
7118. The diagram shows a circuit with the
C. trenches
bulb glowing. How does the energy
change as it moves from inside the bat- D. none of above
tery, along the wires, and through the
7122. How many species of marine turtles are
light bulb?
there?
A. 7
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
A. electrical to light to chemical 7123. A flow of groundwater that emerges

naturally at the ground surface is called a
B. light to electrical to chemical
C. chemical to electrical to light A. spring
D. chemical to light to electrical B. geyser
7119. A “Radial” Drainage pattern is created C. seamount

by ? D. guyot

1.1 HYDROLOGY 814
7124. Which consequence could an exponen-

tially growing human population have on
a drinkable water?
A. it could cause an increase in cases of
waterborne diseases
B. it could cause a decrease in needing
water for survival.
A. a bioluminescence
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7125. Cold fronts B. scuba
A. move fast and brings cold temperature C. submersible
when it passes
D. water pressure
B. move slowly and brings cold tempera-
ture when it passes. 7129. All the water in Earth’s oceans, lakes,
C. move very slowly and can bring ei- seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the wa-
ther warm or cooler temperature when it ter in the atmosphere
passes. A. Hydrosphere
D. move slowly and brings warm temper- B. River basin
ature when it passes.
C. Groundwater
7126. The increase of nutrients in a lake or D. Universal solvent
pond
E. Hydrologic cycle
A. eutrophication
B. salinity 7130. Water that flows over the ground sur-
face rather than soaking into the ground.
C. desalineation
D. none of above A. Groundwater
B. Surface Water
7127. Does the gulf stream originate near the
Equator or the Poles? C. Aquifer
D. Runoff
7131. is using materials wisely to protect

them.
A. Pollution
B. Conservation
C. Recycling
A. Equator D. Smog
B. Poles
7132. In which two layers does the tempera-
7128. Light produced by living things. ture increase as altitude (height) increase?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 815

A. Groundwater
B. Lakes
C. Oceans
A. Troposphere and Stratosphere D. Icecaps and Glaciers
B. Troposphere and Mesosphere 7136. Which is true of how temperature dif-

ferences affect currents?
C. Stratosphere and Thermosphere
A. Warm water sinks and helps cause sur-
D. Mesosphere and Thermosphere face currents.
7133. A rural, forested area receives a lot of B. Warm water sinks and helps cause
rain in a short amount of time. What deep water currents.
would most likely cause potential flooding C. Cold water floats and helps cause sur-
in the area? face currents.
A. if the area has a large uncharged D. Cold water sinks and helps cause deep
aquifer beneath it water currents.
B. if the water level in the area is below 7137. What global wind is located from 0 to
the zone of saturation 30 degrees North and South of the Equa-
C. if the ground of the area is already sat- tor?
urated with water A. Trade Winds
D. if the ground of the area is mostly B. Prevailing Westerlies
sandy soil
C. Polar Easterlies
7134. Chemical weathering is defined as D. Doldrum
A. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by 7138. What percentage of the world’s water
forces. supply is freshwater?
B. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by A. 3%
weather. B. 97%
C. Wear and tear on rocks primarily by re- C. 50%
actions with water.
D. 30%
D. All of the above.
7139. Mary and Alex want to learn more
7135. According to the chart, where is the ma- about salty ocean water. The two stu-
jority of Earth’s freshwater found? dents perform a lab to determine the

1.1 HYDROLOGY 816
density of saltwater which represents an 7143. After water infiltrates and percolates
ocean versus freshwater which represents through the bedrock, it winds up in a layer
a lake.Which factor in their experiment af- of water underground called an
fects the density of the water? A. Well
B. Holding Tank
C. Aquifer
D. None of these
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7144. Which of the following contributes the
A. type of eggs
most to supporting life on the deep ocean
B. amount of salt floor?
C. size of beakers A. hydrothermal vents
D. amount of water B. extreme water pressure
C. lack of predators
7140. Which statement is true about how
D. cold water temperatures
oceans areconnected to other bodies of wa-
ter? 7145. rain gauge measures of rainfall
A. Oceans are only connected to saltwa- A. intensity
ter lakes.
B. depth
B. Salt water and freshwater do not mix
C. duration
on Earth.
D. all of these
C. All bodies of water are linked
throughevaporation and precipitation. 7146. The ability of water to support small ob-
D. Evaporated water from the oceans jects due to the hydrogen bonds creating a
makes otherbodies of water salty. “film”.
7141. During which tides are the Sun and the

Moon aligned relative to Earth?
A. neap tides
B. summer tides
C. spring tides
A. Cohesion
D. diurnal tides
B. Adhesion
7142. The process by which water changes C. Polarity
from a gas to liquid
D. Surface Tension
A. Evaporation
7147. What is a trench?
B. Precipitation
A. Gently sloping, shallow area
C. Condensation
B. A deep, steep-sided canyon at a sub-
D. none of above duction zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 817
C. A smooth and flat area on the ocean

floor

D. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean floor
drops down an incline
7148. are flowing streams of water that

move continually through the ocean in a
specific direction.
A. Carrots A. The movement of water caused by sea
animals
B. Breakers
B. Trails left by boats
C. Currents C. Moving Streams of water within the
D. Tides ocean
D. none of above
7149. The diagram illustrates that two types
of currents are found in ocean waters. 7151. Benthic organisms live where
Which of the following is the best expla- A. At a shallow depth
nation for why oceans have two different
B. Along ocean ridges
types of currents?
C. On the ocean floor
D. In the neritic zone
7152. What causes both surface currents and

waves?
A. differences in density
B. warm ocean water
C. cold ocean water
D. wind
A. Surface currents are caused by wind
whereas deep currents are caused by dif- 7153. Describe the change in phase and tem-
ferences in density. perature as water moves from the oceans
B. Surface currents are caused by differ- to the atmosphere and then returns to
ences in density whereas deep currents Earth again as rain.
are caused by wind.
C. Surface currents are caused by tem-
perature differences whereas deep cur-
rents are caused by changes in salinity.
are caused by changes in temperature.
A. Evaporation:temperature increases;
7150. Define ocean currents. condensation:temperature decreases;

1.1 HYDROLOGY 818
precipitation (rain):temperature de- 7157. On Earth, what process generates most

creases of the water vapor?
B. evaporation:temperature increases; A. Condensation
condensation:temperature decreases; B. Evaporation
precipitation (rain):temperature in-
creases C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
C. evaporation:temperature decreases;
condensation:temperature decreases;
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7158. What do you call a steep incline of the
precipitation (rain):temperature de- ocean floor leading down from the edge of
creases the continental shelf? Submarine canyons
D. Evaporation:temperature increases; can be found cut in to this feature.
condensation:temperature increases; A. continental slope
precipitation (rain):temperature de-
B. trench
creases
C. deep ocean basin
7154. Underground, the upper surface of the D. continental rise
zone of saturation
7159. Rank the fresh water that is available
A. water table
for humans to drink from greatest to least.
B. groundwater
A. streams, rivers, lakes, oceans
C. watershed B. groundwater, lakes, rivers
D. reservoir C. groundwater, rivers, lakes
7155. Which two letters show a spring tide? D. ocean, glaciers, groundwater
7160. What is the ability for materials to al-

low fluids to pass?
A. porosity
B. permeability
C. gradient
D. divide
A. A and B
7161. Pollution that can be identified from a
B. C and D
specific location is called
C. A and C A. Point Source
D. B and D B. Non-point Source
7156. Other name for hydrological cycle 7162. How do temperature and pressure
A. oxygen cycle change you descend in the ocean?
A. Temperature increases, but pressure
B. water cycle
decreases.
C. carbon cycle
B. Temperature and pressure both in-
D. nutrient cycle crease.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 819
C. Temperature decreases, but pressure 7166. The level below the earth’s surface at
increases. which the ground becomes saturated with
water.

D. Temperature and pressure both de-
crease. A. Water Table
7163. Which best explains why all of the B. Groundwater Storage

Earth’s freshwater is not available for hu- C. Surface Storage
man use?
D. Soil Moisture Storage
A. Most of Earth’s freshwater is only in
lakes. 7167. Run off takes place at
B. Most of Earth’s freshwater is under-
ground.
C. Most of Earth’s freshwater is still in
the water cycle.
D. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen
water.
Explanation:About 3% of Earth is freshwa-
ter.Of that 3%, almost 70% is frozen at the
A. A
North & South Poles and at the tops of
mountains.Less that 1% of freshwater is B. B
available for human use. C. C
7164. A regional water board member is ex- D. D
amining proposals to provide drinking wa-
E. E
ter to an area. Which of these proposals
is MOST likely to deplete groundwater?
7168. What is the main cause of the Coriolis
A. Installation of city-owned wells within Effect?
each neighborhood
A. earth’s rotation
B. Construction of a dam to create a large
B. trade winds
water reserve
C. Placement of stations along a river to C. temperature
capture and filter water D. the sun and ocean
D. Establishment of a water treatment
7169. Which statement best describes how
plant next to a large lake
you can demonstrate evaporation?
7165. Sediment that is deposited on a beach A. To show evaporation, you will need to
may come from a local source or be trans- maintain a constant temperature.
ported by which action?
B. To show evaporation, you will need to
A. swash decrease the temperature.
B. rip currents C. To show evaporation, you will need to
C. river currents increase the temperature.
D. longshore drift D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 820
7170. Out of all the water on Earth, how much 7173. The ocean floor
is freshwater? A. has mountains and trenches.
B. smooth and sandy
C. has rivers and lakes
D. is unknown
7174. Most of Earth’s weather occurs in the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Mesosphere
B. Stratosphere
A. 100% C. Thermosphere
B. 70% D. Troposphere
C. 30% 7175. How does water move on the surface of
D. 3% ocean?
7171. What can be concluded from the image?
A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is A. Deep Currents

found in the oceans. B. Rivers adding water
B. Most of the water available on Earth is C. Waves
not drinkable.
D. none of above
drinkable. 7176. the process in which a gas changes to a
D. Most of the freshwater found on Earth liquid
is found as groundwater A. infiltration
7172. This occurs when so much water has con- B. precipitation
densed that the air cannot hold it anymore. C. condensation
The clouds get heavy and water falls back
D. evaporation
to the Earth in the form of rain, snow,
sleet or hail E. transpiration
A. precipitation 7177. As the depth of the ocean water , the
B. condensation temperature
C. evaporation A. increases, decreases
D. none of above B. decreases, increases

1.1 HYDROLOGY 821
7178. Water droplets must have this in order A. condensation

to form drops of rain. B. evaporation

A. dust particle to condense on C. precipitation
B. cold temperatures
D. run off
C. warm temperatures
7183. Out of all water on Earth, approxi-
D. rising air pressure
mately what percent is locked up in ice and
7179. Which has the greatest long-term im- snow?
pact on local water availability? A. 1
A. Runoff B. 2
B. Climate C. 30
C. Pollution D. 97
D. none of above
A. Black Sea
A. drainage
B. Dead Sea
B. infiltration
C. Red Sea
C. run-off
D. Caspian Sea
D. evaporation
7185. On most ocean shorelines, the water
7181. What is a drawback to the extensive rises slowly and covers the land twice a
use of irrigation? day. Then it slowly falls back. What is
A. Pollution increases this movement called?
B. Groundwater levels decrease A. waves
C. Flooding increases B. tides
D. Crops do not receive sufficient water C. currents
7182. Which stage is represented by water D. tsunamis
from the ocean turning into water vapor?
7186. Which type of river has fast waters that
are cool with a V-shaped channel?
A. Old
B. Young
C. Mature
D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 822
7187. An is an underground layer of per-

meable rock or sediment that contains wa-
ter. Layers of impermeable rock keep the
water from drainingaway.
A. iceberg
B. well
A. gray
C. aquifer B. yellow
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above C. orange
D. green
7188. Which of the following is NOT a desired
effect in streams? 7192. The saltiest ocean is
A. a pH of about neutral A. Oceans
B. Red Sea
B. low salinity
C. Dead Sea
C. high temperature
D. Salt Lake
D. low nitrates
7193. How does nutrient-rich agricultural
7189. When an algal bloom occurs, what hap- runoff influence water ecosystems?
pens to the other organisms living in that A. increases overall productivity
part of the water? B. increases oxygen levels
A. they experience population rises C. decreases algal productivity
B. they find food more easily D. can result in harmful algal blooms
C. they experience stress due to depleted 7194. Look at the diagram below. What ocean
oxygen levels floor feature matches letter F?
D. they thrive due to increased level of

oxygen and light
7190. A river basin is

A. The land drained by a river and its trib- A. Volcanic Island
utaries B. Continental Slope
B. The land formed when rivers create es- C. Mid Ocean Ridge
tuaries and marshes D. Continental Shelf
C. The land at the mouth of a river where 7195. What causes wind to blow?
water flows into the ocean
A. Differences in longitude
D. The land formed as a result of river
B. Shock waves from clouds
flooding
C. Differences in air temperature and
7191. Africa is the continent that is the color pressure
D. The rotation of the earth

1.1 HYDROLOGY 823
7196. What causes the water to evaporate

and change to water vapor?

A. decrease in salinity
B. increase in salinity
C. decrease in temperature
D. increase in temperature
A. Upper Course
7197. What is the difference between perme- B. Middle Course
able materials and impermeable materi-
C. Lower Course
als?
D. none of above
A. Permeable materials do not let water
move through them since they are made 7200. measure of salts dissolved in seawater
of larger particles, impermeable materi- A. eutrophication
als do let water move through them since
they are made of smaller particles. B. salinity
C. desalineation
B. Permeable materials do let water
move through them since they are made D. none of above
of larger particles, impermeable materi-
7201. An isohyet is a line joining points having
als do not let water move through them
since they are made of smaller particles. A. equal evaporation value
C. Permeable materials do not let water B. equal barometric pressure

move through them since they are made C. equal height above the MSL
of smaller particles, impermeable materi- D. equal rainfall depth in a given duration
als do let water move through them since
they are made of larger particles. 7202. Evapotranspiration means:
D. Permeable materials do let water A. The total water that flows out of a river
move through them since they are made delta
of smaller particles, impermeable materi- B. The amount of water that is removed
als do not let water move through them from an area via runoff
since they are made of larger particles.
C. The amount of water that is consid-
ered income for a water budget
7198. The term “karst” refers to
D. The total water loss of an area includ-
A. topography characterized by under- ing the water lost by evaporation and tran-
ground drainage systems with sinkholes spiration.
and caves
B. topography that is hilly 7203. cycle in which water is recycled natu-
rally
C. topography that is flat
A. wind cycle
D. none of above B. water cycle
7199. In which course does the river begin to C. earth cycle

meander, move from side to side? D. weather cycle

1.1 HYDROLOGY 824
7204. Which of the following options correctly C. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
identify F in the diagram
D. Deformation
7209. The sticking together of particles of the

same substance.(Water attracted to wa-
ter)
A. adhesion
A. trench
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. capillary action
C. cohesion
C. guyot
D. universal solvent
D. mid-ocean ridge
7210. Ocean water differs from freshwater in
7205. A section of impermeable rock forces that it has
groundwater to emerge onto the surface
of the Earth. A. A higher temperature.
A. springs B. A lower temperature.
B. hot springs C. A higher concentration of sodium chlo-
C. geysers ride NaCl.
D. well D. A higher concentration of silicon diox-

ide.
7206. There is a hurricane affecting the Gulf
Coast. 7211. What percentage of water on Earth is
immediately available to drink?
A. Weather
B. Climate A. 2%
B. 97%
7207. What powers or drives the water cycle?
C. 1%
A. Geothermal energy
D. 3%
B. Gravity
C. Sun 7212. Recharge is what happens when more
D. Wind water is taken out of an aquifer than is
put back in.
7208. The image below best represents which
A. True
process?
B. False
7213. Belows are the subfields of hydrology

EXCEPT
A. hyrologic process
B. meteorology
A. Crystallization C. hydrogeology
B. Compaction and Cementation D. surface water hysrology

1.1 HYDROLOGY 825
7214. What type of TIDE occurs when the Sun 7218. Rainwater can become groundwater
and the Moon are positioned at a right an- due to the process
gle in relation to the Earth? A. Evaporation

B. Condensation
C. Deposition
D. Impregnation
7219. Object spinning on its axis.

A. revolution
A. Neap Tide
B. rotation
B. Spring Tide
C. Diurnal Tide 7220. What best explains why all of the
D. Mixed Tide Earth’s freshwater is not available for hu-
man use?
7215. Which best explains how nutrients, salt, A. it is in groundwater
sediment and pollutants get into estuaries
and oceans? B. it is water vapor
A. from precipitation falling over the estu- C. it is frozen

aries and oceans D. it is all available for human use
B. from organisms living and dying in es-
7221. In what direction does an undertow
tuaries and oceans
flow?
C. from rivers and streams flowing into
A. in the same direction as the waves
estuaries and oceans
B. towards land
D. from asteroids and comets impacting
Earth at estuaries and oceans C. in the opposite direction of the waves
D. it follows the land
7216. Why is the timing of tides predictable?
A. The Earth’s global winds are pre- 7222. the rotation of the earth causes
dictable. A. coriolis effect
B. The Moon’s orbit around Earth is pre- B. tides
dictable.
C. earthquakes
C. The ocean water’s density is pre-
dictable. D. none of above
D. The Earth’s rotation on its tilted axis is 7223. About 3% of the water on Earth is
predictable. freshwater.
7217. The water cycle has A. True
A. a beginning and an end. B. False
B. no beginning and no end. 7224. What is a drought?
C. only a beginning. A. a time when the climate is at a low tem-
D. only an end. perature

1.1 HYDROLOGY 826
B. a hot place where the climate is signif- 7228. Cold and warm ocean currents are car-
icantly higher ried around the world by
C. a time with abnormally high amounts A. precipitation
of rainfall B. currents
D. a long period of abnormally low rainfall
7229. What is the LARGEST freshwater re-
7225. The objects in the picture stop water source on Earth?
from getting into nearby waterways by A. rivers
NARAYAN CHANGDER
doing what? B. lakes
C. groundwater
7230. The changes to water when it cycles the

earth is called
A. the moon cycle
B. the sun cycle
A. increase amount of water C. the water cycle
B. absorb water D. the wind cycle
C. look nice 7231. What do waves carry?

D. none of above A. Waves carry energy, not objects.
B. Waves carry energy and objects
7226. Grace is studying the difference be-
tween weather and climate. Which state- C. Wave do not carry anything. Only cur-
ment best describes weather? rents and tides carry energy and objects.
A. Panama City has short mild winters

and long, hot and humid summers D. none of above
B. The temperature was 31◦ C (88◦ F) in 7232. A surface current effects the of
Jacksonville, Florida on Saturday. nearby land.
C. Jacksonville, Florida gets 50 inches of A. climate
rain, on average, per year B. daily temperature
D. The yearly rainfall average for Talla- C. winds
hassee, Florida is 155 centimeters
D. toast
7227. Which type of front can eventually be- 7233. What is the source of most surface wa-
come a cold or warm front? ter and groundwater?
A. Cold A. Snow
B. Warm B. Precipitation
C. Stationary C. Run-off
D. Occluded D. Wastewater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 827
7234. What is a chracteristic of karst topogra- A. River

phy
B. Runoff

A. sinking streams
C. Watershed
B. sinkholes
D. Rip Current
C. caves
D. all of the above 7238. the process of removing salt from ocean
water.
7235. Monty learned about tides in his Sci-
ence class and he wants to show his little
brother how the sun, moon, and Earth are
arranged during a spring tide using sports
balls in their garage. A basketball is the
sun, a football is the Earth, and a tennis
ball is used for the moon. How should
Monty position the balls when showing his
brother a spring tide?
A. Desalination
B. Distillation
A. C. Reverse Osmosis
D. Saltification
7239. Drainage area of a river.

A. River basin
B. B. Groundwater
C. Estuary
D. Watershed
C.
7240. True or False? Fertilizers and Nutrients
are Always a good thing in a watershed.
A. True
D.
B. False
7236. Freshwater drilling increases along a 7241. What is infiltration?

coastal zone. What is the likely conse- A. The movement of water in the atmo-
quence of this action? sphere
A. The loss of water resources in estuar- B. The movement of water on the earth’s
ies. surface
B. An intrusion of salt water into aquifers C. The movement of water up through the
earth’s surface
7237. An area of land where fresh water
flows into and between bodies of water D. The movement of water down through
is a the earth’s surface

1.1 HYDROLOGY 828
7242. What is a place where groundwater B. 3%

seeps out of the ground called? C. 75%
A. Well D. 97%
B. Reservoir
7247. Water on Earth is either freshwater or
C. Aquifer saltwater. What is the percent ratio of
D. Spring freshwater to percent saltwater on Earth?
A. 1% freshwater:99% saltwater
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7243. How much of Earth’s water is saltwa-
ter? B. 3% freshwater:97% saltwater
A. 10% C. 30% freshwater:70% saltwater
B. 75% D. 50% freshwater:50% saltwater
C. 97% 7248. The force that attracts a body toward

D. 3% the center of the earth, or toward any
other physical body having mass
7244. What size particle has the greatest rate A. Gravity
of infiltration
B. Inertia
A. small
C. Tides
B. medium
D. Moon Phases
C. large
7249. What body of water is shown in this pic-
D. size doesn’t affect this ture?
7245. What is it called when liquid water
heats up and changes into water vapor, a
gas?
A. absorption
B. evaporation
C. infiltration
D. condensation A. Hot Spring
7246. About what percent of Earth’s surface is B. Geyser
covered in water? C. Well
D. Spring
the
A. length of time the wind blows across
the water.
B. salinity of the water
C. strength of the wind
D. the distance the wind blows across the
A. 25% water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 829
7251. What causes water vapor to move? 7256. Which group includes ALL renewable re-
sources?

A. Coal, trees, water, oil
B. Water, wind, sun, plants
C. Minerals, sun, natural gas, water
D. none of above
7257. water that flows over the ground sur-

face and into surface water rather than
A. wind soaking into the ground
B. snow A. watershed
C. water B. runoff
C. groundwater
D. lava
D. surface water
7252. What process occurs when a glass of
water is left in the sun? 7258. What is the relationship between soil
type/particle size and permiability (as
A. Evaporation shown by the bar graph below)?
B. Precipitation
C. Runoff
D. Groundwater
7253. Septic tank leaking and contaminating

groundwater.
7254. Compared with surface currents, deep

currents are A. The larger the particle size, the slower
the permeability rate
A. colder and less dense.
B. The smaller the particle size, the faster
B. colder and more dense. the permeability rate
C. warmer and less dense. C. There is no relationship between parti-
D. warmer and more dense. cle size and permeability
D. The larger the particle size, the faster
7255. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water the permeability rate
found?
A. Glaciers, ice caps, & groundwate 7259. Of all the water on Earth 3% is fresh-
water. Which of the following contains the
B. Artesian aquifers & springs least amount of that freshwater?
C. neap tides & spring tides A. groundwater
D. Surface & deep ocean currents B. polar ice cap

1.1 HYDROLOGY 830
C. lakes and rivers C. natural events

D. glaciers D. climate change
7260. An aquifer is a(n) 7264. What feature is labeled at E?

A. type of soil that lets water pass
through
B. underground layer of rock or sediment
that holds water
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. area of land that drains into the same
river
D. a smaller area of land that drains into A. seamount
a creek or stream
B. trench
7261. Antarctica is the continent that is the C. MOR
color
D. volcanic island
7265. Evaporation that occurs from the leaves

of plants.
A. Condensation
B. Transpiration
C. Precipitation
A. white D. Infiltration
B. yellow
7266. loss of water by evaporation from the
C. green soil surface and transpiration by plants
D. blue A. Evapotranspiration
7262. In the mature stage of a river, where B. Evaporation
the it begins to leave the mountains, the C. Transpiration
river cut valley widens and the river be-
D. Condensation
gins to
A. ALL of these 7267. What is the order of the layers of the at-
B. slow down mosphere, starting with the layer closest
to Earth’s surface?
C. begin meanders
A. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Exo-
D. start a flood plain sphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
7263. If a hydrologist is studying the rate B. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Meso-
of flow in a stream after a heavy rain- sphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
fall, what impact on watersheds are they C. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Meso-
studying? sphere, Exosphere, Thermosphere
A. geology D. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Thermo-
B. human activities sphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 831
7268. A wooded rural area receives a lot of 7273. Label F

rain in a short time. What is most likely
to cause potential flooding in the area?

A. if the soil in the area is already satu-
rated with water
B. if the water level in the area is below
the saturation zone
7269. What is the percentage of saltwater on

the Earth? A. Transpiration
A. 97% B. Infiltration
B. 71% 7274. Is precipitation any form of water that

C. 50% falls back to earth?
D. 3%
7270. Ice cap:a covering of ice over a large

area, especially on the polar region of a
planet.
A. True
B. False A. Yes
7271. Which is NOT a reason for the decreas- B. No

ing death rate?
7275. Why is it important we conserve wa-
ter?
A. Better health care

B. Greater food supply
C. Cleaner water
D. More pollution A. there is a limited amount of water
available on Earth
7272. The most chemical weathering will hap-
pen when the climate is B. water can grow back we don’t have to
conserve it
A. cool and dry
C. there is too much water on Earth we
B. warm and dry
need to use it quickly before we drown
C. cool and wet
D. there is not enough fish and animals to
D. warm and wet swim in the water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 832
7276. In which position can a waning gibbous 7280. Heating causes the movement of water
moon be found? molecules and that the movement requires
the breaking of the hydrogen bonds link-
ing them. The large amount of energy re-
quired to break the ionic bonds in water
gives it such a high specific heat capacity.
A. True
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. False
A. 2
7281. Which are factors have a large impact
B. 4 of infiltration of soil by precipitation? Tick
C. 6 all that apply.
D. 8 A. Soil permeability
7277. As human population increases expo- B. water table level/depth
nentially what is likely to happen to the
amount of available freshwater? C. man-made structures
A. It will increase
D. temperature
B. It will decrease
C. It will stabilize
7282. Which of the following would most
D. It will increase then decrease likely result from a decrease in the water
supply to a watershed?
7278. The top of the saturated zone.
A. Unsaturated Zone A. increase in ocean levels
B. Water Table B. increase in lake levels
C. Zone of aeration
C. decrease in river basin levels
D. Saturated Zone
7279. What kind of breeze is this and when D. decrease in precipitation
would it form?
7283. Which will most likely result if there is
increased upwelling in a coastal area?
B. less nutrients in the water
C. higher water temperatures

A. Land breeze-daytime
D. fewer nitrates
B. Land breeze-nighttime
C. Sea breeze-daytime 7284. What are the divisions of geologic time
D. Sea breeze-nighttime based upon?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 833
C. freshwater
D. frozen

7288. Where is the water table found?
A. Unsaturated zone
B. In wells
C. Saturated zone
D. None of these are correct
7289. Which of the following are indicators of
a healthy water system?
A. Dominant life forms present A. low temperature, high dissolved oxy-
gen, pH of 7
B. Fossil records
B. high nitrates, little plant life, low tem-
C. Major geologic events
perature
D. All of these
C. low pH, high nitrates, low dissolved
7285. In lakes in New York State that are ex- oxygen
posed to acid rain, fish populations are de- D. low turbidity, low nitrates, high tem-
clining. This is primarily due to changes in perature
which lake condition?
7290. The water cycle is a continuous process
the recycles water all around Earth. So,
does the amount of water on Earth always
stay constant or the same and why or why
not?
A. No, because we have droughts in ar-
A. size eas all over Earth.
B. temperature B. No, because it rains in some places on
C. pH Earth more than others.
D. location C. No, because some areas on Earth have

less surface water to evaporate and thus
7286. A rural, forested area receives a lot of they do not get equal rainfall.
rain in a short amount of time. What D. Yes, because while water may evap-
would most likely cause potential flooding orate from one location, it will return to
in the area? Earth somewhere else in the form of pre-
A. if the ground of the area is already sat- cipitation.
urated with water
7291. Which of these does NOT affect the
B. if the water level in the area is below height of a wave?
the zone of saturation
A. Wind speed
7287. 97% of all water on Earth is B. Density
A. contaminated C. Distance the wind blows
B. saltwater D. Length of time the wind blows

1.1 HYDROLOGY 834
7292. Buildings, sidewalks and roads are con- 7296. The moon was created about 4.5 bil-
sidered to water and can prevent wa- lion years ago when an object the size
ter from infiltrating the soil. of Mars crashed into Earth. The crash
A. impenetrable threw rocks, debris, and dirt into space
and these materials came together to form
B. impervious the moon. What would most likely happen
C. Invincible if the moon was smaller than it is now?
D. Indescribable A. The tides would be smaller because
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the gravitational pull between the Moon
7293. Which section represents the abyssal and Earth would be smaller.
plain?
B. The tides would be bigger because the
gravitational pull between the Moon and
Earth would be smaller.
C. The tides would be smaller because
the gravitational pull between the Moon
and Earth would be bigger.
D. The tides would be bigger because the
gravitational pull between the Moon and
A. Section 1 Earth would be bigger.
B. Section 5
7297. In which course is the water moving the
C. Section 2 fastest?
D. Section 3
7294. Water that collects as droplets on a cold

surface when humid air is in contact with
it.
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
A. Upper Course
D. infiltration
B. Middle Course
7295. Which two things can increase water
C. Lower Course
density?
D. none of above
A. increase temperature, decrease salin-
ity
7298. the use of siphon tube is found in which
B. decrease temperature, increase salin- type of rain gauge?
ity
A. float type
C. increase temperature, increase salin-
B. weighing type
ity
C. tipping bucket type
D. decrease temperature, decrease salin-
ity D. Symon’s rain gauge

1.1 HYDROLOGY 835
7299. In order to move water from the ocean A. Storms

(liquid) to the atmosphere (gas), a water B. The Coriolis Effect
molecule must (DOK 3)

C. Upwelling
A. lose energy
D. Surface Currents
B. gain energy
C. condense 7304. This type of river contaminant is respon-
sible for intense algae blooms which can
D. transpire
lead to decreased oxygen levels which re-
7300. a rock layer that collects and stores wa- sults in the death of fish.
ter
A. groundwater
B. surface water
C. aquifer
D. infiltration

water found? A. sediments from contruction runoff
A. rivers and lakes B. pathogens like harmful bacteria
B. the ocean C. heavy metals like mercury
C. groundwater D. nutrients like fertilizers
D. huge pieces ice near the North and
South Poles 7305. Drinkable water
7302. According to the direction of plate move-

ment and the hot spot, which island is the
oldest?
A. Water Vapor
B. Water Conservation
C. Potable
A. Hawaii
B. Maui 7306. Which 2 gases make up most of Earth’s
atmosphere?
C. Oahu
A. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
D. Kauai
B. Oxygen and Argon
7303. What process brings cold water and nu-
trients to the surface from the deep ocean C. Nitrogen and Oxygen
floor? D. Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 836
7307. What part of a river system does the 7312. The graph obtained between rainfall in-
image show? tensity and time is called
A. intense curve
B. intense graph
C. hyetocurve
D. hyetograph
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7313. Which is a synonym for the water cycle?
A. hydrogen cycle
A. meander
B. hydrologic cycle
B. tributary
C. oxygen cycle
C. delta
D. aquiferous cycle
D. headwaters
7308. The salts in the sea come from
A. acid rain
B. particles falling from space
C. organisms that live in the sea
D. weathering and erosion of rocks
7309. are caused by the moon’s gravita- A. North America

tional pull on the Earth. B. Antarctica
A. Tides
C. South America
B. Breaker
D. Asia
C. Through
7315. What is a stream or river that feeds into
D. Current
a larger body of water?
7310. Which of the following is a characteris-
tic of sustainable farming?
A. Usage of growth hormones
B. Pesticides and fertilizers
C. Organic food
D. Environmentally degrading
7311. Which factors can have the greatest ef-

fect on the health of a river system?
A. type of soil and salinity A. Tributary
B. nitrate levels and turbidity B. Deposition
C. human consumption and pH C. Divide
D. natural disasters and tidal change D. Watershed

1.1 HYDROLOGY 837
7316. What powers the water cycle? D. point sources tend to be agricultural in
A. not your wifi nature

B. Electricity (pick me!) 7322. The line joining points of equal rainfall
C. Sun is called
D. none of above A. Isobar
7317. Which is colder, land or water, during B. isopleth

the night? C. isohyet
A. land D. isofall
B. water Explanation:isohyet is the line joining
points of equal rainfall
7318. As latitude increases, the average an-
nual temperature 7323. What is one of the chief aims of water
A. decreases conservation?
B. changes A. Preventing all natural minerals from
entering the water supply
C. increases
D. remains the same B. Finding more people to use the exist-
ing water supply
7319. Most of the freshwater found on Earth C. Creating and filtering more usable wa-
is found in ter
A. glaciers and ice
D. Reducing the amount of fresh water
B. lakes we all use
C. rivers and streams
7324. Why do some substances float on wa-
D. groundwater ter?
7320. The process where plants absorb water A. they are warmer than water
through the roots and then give off water
B. they are cooler than water
vapor through pores in their leaves.
A. evaporation C. they are more dense than water
B. condensation D. they are less dense than water

C. transpiration 7325. Which of the following BEST explains
D. infiltration why there are tides in Earth’s oceans?
7321. The difference between a point source A. The rotation of Earth make the oceans
and a nonpoint source of water pollution bulge away from the planet
is B. Gravity from the moon and the sun
A. a nonpoint source is easily identifiable pulls more on water at certain times
B. point sources can be targeted for re- C. The currents in the ocean change the
duction depth of the water
C. nonpoint sources tend to be factory D. The sun makes the water in the ocean
outputs become warmer and expand

1.1 HYDROLOGY 838
7326. In which type of environment would B. C

chemical weathering occur the fastest? C. D
A. dry, hot D. E
B. wet, hot
7331. Eutrophication causes to form,
C. dry, cold
which eventually decreases levels and
D. wet, cold kills the fish and plant life.
A. oxygen, algae
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7327. Movement of water through oceans
A. current B. algae, nitrogen
B. tide C. nitrogen, algae
C. wave D. algae, oxygen
D. upwelling 7332. The land that flows across or under its
way to a river (a drainage area)
7328. Using resources in such a way that we
continue living in a developed world, but A. aquifer
at the same time we protect the environ- B. estuary
ment. This is the definition of:
C. river basin
D. slope
7333. Which phase of the moon can be found

in position 2?
A. Suspensability
B. Ecology
C. Sustainability
D. Ecological precautions
7329. The factors that describe climate

are:Latitude, elevation, nearby water,
ocean currents, topography, vegetation,
and prevailing winds A. Waxing crescent
A. true B. Waxing gibbous
B. false C. Waning crescent
7330. Which letter is the Abyssal Plain? D. Waning gibbous
7334. What is an advantage of desalination?

A. More drinking water
B. More minerals
C. Denser ocean water
A. B D. More production of sea salt

1.1 HYDROLOGY 839
7335. Water scarcity may be an outcome of 7339. What are the four main steps of the Wa-
large and growing and consequent ter Cycle?
greater demands for water, and unequal

A. Evaporation Condensation Erosion
access to it. Weathering
A. trees
B. Evaporation Erosion Weathering Tran-
B. animals spiration
C. population C. Evaporation Condensation Erosion
D. none Precipitation
7336. What type of storm front is this? D. Evaporation Condensation Transpira-

tion Precipitation
7340. The change of a liquid to a gas.

A. Specific Heat
B. Condensation
C. Evaporation
A. warm front D. Heat of Vaporization
B. cold front 7341. What type of affects would a warm
C. stationary front ocean current have on a coastal region?
D. occluded front A. It would make the air and climate
colder.
7337. The Gulf Stream carries water from
the east coast of the United States to the B. It would make the air and climate
west coast of Europe. warmer.
C. It would have no effect on the climate
or air mass around it.
D. It would make the air and climate
colder at night and warmer during the
day.
7342. Sometimes a large underground hollow

or passage called a is formed as water
A. Cold wears away limestone.
B. Warm A. underground river
C. Freezing B. cave
D. Fresh C. cockpit
7338. water that seeps down into the soil D. karst landscape
A. sublimation 7343. What two characteristics define an air
B. infiltration mass?
C. percolation A. Temperature and Humidity
D. none of above B. Altitude and Humidity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 840
C. Altitude and Air Pressure 7348. Land formed where a river enters the
ocean
D. Air Pressure and Humidity
A. delta
7344. In this diagram of the water cycle,
B. gravity
clouds form in the air due to what process?
C. glacier
A. run off.
D. mouth
B. condensation.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. transpiration. 7349. How many distributaries are formed
from the main channel in this picture?
D. precipitation.
7345. The layer of the atmosphere that is the

most dense ?
A. stratosphere
B. Troposphere
C. mesosphere
D. thermosphere A. One
B. Two
7346. In the diagram, a wind turbine is trans-
forming energy from the wind. Between C. Three
which two steps in the diagram is mechan- D. Four
ical energy being converted into electrical
energy? 7350. Asia is the continent that is the color
A. 1 and 2 A. blue
B. 2 and 3 B. orange
C. 3 and 4 C. green
D. 4 and 5 D. pink
7347. Water that contains dissolved salts and 7351. is water that is trapped in rock lay-
other minerals. ers under ground.
A. Groundwater A. Icecap
B. Fresh water B. Groundwater
C. Salt Water C. Water vapor
D. Permeable Water D. Salt water

1.1 HYDROLOGY 841
7352. What is the density of water? 7357. Which example does not cause water
A. 0g/ml pollution?

B. 1g/ml A. spraying pesticides on crops
C. 10g/ml B. a business burning waste materials
D. 100g/ml that causes a cloud of smoke seen miles
away
7353. Which letter indicates the water table?
C. a printing company using water to
make ink instead of chemicals
D. a person pouring car oil into the sewer
drain on your street
7358. Water that fills the cracks and spaces in

A. A
B. B A. aquifer
C. C B. groundwater
D. D C. condensation
7354. Label F D. ocean
7359. All substances can absorb a finite

amount of energy. When the water in an
area ofthe ocean has absorbed all the en-
ergy it can hold, what will most likely hap-
A. continental slope pen?
B. continental shelf A. The extra energy will cause the water
C. abyssal plain to begin condensing.
D. sea mount B. The extra energy will cause the water

to begin evaporating.
7355. Wind speed is measured by a
C. The extra energy will cause the water
A. barometer to precipitate.
B. anemometer
D. The extra energy will cause the water
C. wind vane to transpire.
D. thermometer
7360. Wetland that has tall grasses and a
7356. Which of the following is an INPUT to a muddy bottom
drainage basin?
A. Watershed
A. Surface Runoff
B. Evaporation B. Marsh
C. Interception C. Swamp
D. Precipitation D. Florida

1.1 HYDROLOGY 842
7361. A student was studying the ocean floor B. Pressure decreases as depth de-
topography and began to question how creases.
pressure and temperature would differ at
C. Pressure increases as depth de-
each feature. What conclusions can she
creases.
D. Pressure increases as depth in-
creases.
7365. Which of the following is not a cause of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
a tsunami?
A. Feature F is an ocean trench, while A. Volcanic eruption

Feature G is a continental shelf. B. Tornado
B. Feature F is a continental shelf, while C. Underwater earthquakes
Feature G is a deep ocean trench.
D. Landslide
C. Feature F is an abyssal plain, while
Feature G is a mid-ocean ridge.
7366. Diver underwater ecosystem held to-
D. Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, while gether by calcium structures secreted by
Feature G is an abyssal plain. corals. Found in the neritic zone.
7362. What will happen to water over time?
A. The amount of water on Earth is re-
maining fairly constant because the water
cycle is continually recycling the water.
B. The amount of water on Earth is de-
creasing over time because the global
population is increasing causing us to
have less water. A. Kelp Forest
C. The amount of water on Earth is re- B. Salinity

maining fairly constant because the global C. Pollutant
population is increasing causing us to
have more water. D. Coral Reef
D. none of above 7367. The average, year-to-year conditions
7363. what is true about water pollution? of temperature, precipitation, winds, and
clouds in an area
A. all water is polluted
A. Tide
B. there is a way to make water 100%
pure B. Wave
C. nutrients are not pollutants C. Climate
D. all of these are true D. Salinity
7364. As you travel deeper into the ocean, 7368. As water vapor rises in the atmosphere
what happens to the pressure? it can turn into water droplets or ice crys-
A. Pressure stays the same throughout. tals which results in cloud formation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 843
B. Oil
C. Peat

D. Coal
7372. What is the chemical formula for water?
A. Ill
B. NaCl
A. precipitation
C. Oh
B. condensation
D. H2O
C. ground water
7373. What is it called when water falls from
D. surface water runoff
the clouds?
7369. The start of a river A. Proclomation
A. Tributary B. Protoplopping
B. Mouth C. Prevention
C. Basin D. Precipitation
D. Headwaters 7374. Put the following ocean floor features
in order, beginning with the feature clos-
7370. What is the deep water called beneath
est to the shore
a waterfall?
A. continental shelf, continental slope,
A. Plunge bath
mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plain, deep
B. Mermaids retreat ocean trench
C. Plunge pool B. continental slope, mid-ocean ridge,
D. Pool abyssal plain, deep ocean trench
C. deep ocean trench, continental shelf,
7371. The diagram below represents the ex- continental slope, mid-ocean ridge
traction method for which natural re-
source? D. mid-ocean ridge, deep ocean trench,
continental slope, continental shelf
7375. Identify the seastack
A.
B.
C.
A. Wood

1.1 HYDROLOGY 844
C. Those that determine the volume of

D.
runoff and the speed of response.
D. Those that determine the volume of
7376. A soil sample with a large amount of runoff and the area of the basin.
space between the particles will have a
7380. What are volcanic mountain chains on
A. High Porosity the ocean floor called?
B. Low permeability rate A. ocean trench
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. High capillarity B. seamount
D. Low infiltration rate C. Mid-ocean Ridge
D. guyot
7377. Drinkable water
7381. surface water that seeps underground
A. potable
A. Infiltration
B. sanitary
B. Groundwater
C. portable
C. Watershed
D. distilled
D. Runoff
7378. Smaller streams 7382. Heat always travels from to ob-
jects.
A. hot to cold
B. cold to hot
C. cold to cold
D. hot to hot
7383. What causes saltwater intrusion near
the coast?
A. when freshwater from an aquifer
flows into the ocean
B. when freshwater from rivers forms
deltas near the ocean
A. tributaries
C. when ocean currents along the coast
B. discharge
become warmer than normal with a high
C. alluvial fan tide
D. aquifer D. when groundwater in freshwater
aquifers depletes faster than it can
7379. Can the geomorphological characteris- recharge.
tics of the basin be classified into two
types? 7384. The water cycle is powered by the
A. sun
A. Those that determine the volume of
rain and the speed of response. B. moon
B. Those that determine the infiltration C. plate tectonics
volume and the slope of the basin. D. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 845
7385. Which current movements of water D. Ocean currents move faster than air or
flow horizontally in the upper part of the wind currents.
ocean’s surface? (Student Created)

7389. What is an area of higher elevation that
A. Surface Currents separates watersheds?
B. Deep water currents
C. Cold Currents
D. Upwelling
7386. What is condensation?
A. The part of the water cycle when the
sun heats up water, turning it from a liquid
into water vapor or steam. It rises from A. Estuary
the ground into the air. B. Wetland
B. The part of the water cycle when the C. Divide
water vapor in the air gets cold. The water
turns back into a liquid and forms clouds. D. Transition Zone
C. The part of the water cycle when 7390. Define Precipitation
clouds get heavy and can no longer hold
A. solids falling from the sky
the liquid water. This causes the water to
fall from the sky to the earth as rain, snow, B. precipitation
sleet, or hail. C. any form of water that falls from
D. none of above clouds and reaches earth’s surface
D. liquids falling from the sky
7387. Why does the amount of water on Earth
remain fairly constant? 7391. Water that fills cracks and spaces in un-
A. The amount of precipitation equals the derground soil and rock layers is
amount of transpiration. A. saltwater
B. The amount of evaporation equals the B. rain water
amount of precipitation.
C. groundwater
C. The amount of desalination equals the
amount of refrigeration. D. water vapor
D. The amount of subduction equals the 7392. What is the SMALLEST freshwater re-
amount of sea-floor spreading. source on Earth?
7388. Which statement about the relationship A. rivers
between the ocean and the atmosphere in B. lakes
MOST accurate?
C. groundwater
A. Ocean currents do not affect the atmo-
sphere.
B. The atmosphere stores more heat 7393. Water that flows across the land and
than the oceans. enters rivers and streams. It eventually
C. The oceans can hold heat better than flows into lakes and the ocean.
the air. A. Snowmelt runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 846
B. Surface Runoff 7398. Estuaries are good for all of the follow-
ing except
C. Deposition
A. Nursery for young fish
D. Precipitation
B. Filtration
7394. water from Earth’s surface changes into C. Fishing
water vapor D. Upwelling
A. Groundwater
7399. Which of these are the deepest parts of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Watershed the oceans?
C. Evaporation
D. Precipitation
7395. The atmospheric condition in which the

clouds are heavy and begin to fall back to
the earth’s surface as snow, sleet, hail, or
rain is
A. evaporation
B. Abyssal Plain
B. condensation C. Ocean Trench
C. surface runoff D. Continental Rise
D. precipitation 7400. What process of the water cycle in-
volves water forming into clouds?
A. Evaporation
A. A hold dug in the earth used to pump
B. Condensation
water
C. Precipitation
B. Barrier built to restrict water flow
D. Transpiration
C. Area of land where all water drains
7401. What would most likely result if more
D. Permeable underground layer where farms were developed along river basins
groundwater flows easily in North Carolina?
7397. What will increase the salinity of ocean A. an increase in water pollution
water? B. an increase in average rainfall
A. Freezing ice caps/glaciers because C. an increase in nonnative species
salt is left behind. D. an increase in severe weather events
B. Evaporation because salt is left be- 7402. The total volume of water held on the
hind. Earth’s surface in lakes, ponds and puddles
C. Melting of ice caps/glaciers because A. Drainage basin
freshwater is added. B. Surface Storage
D. All of the above. C. Water Table
E. Only A and B are correct. D. Surface Runoff

1.1 HYDROLOGY 847
7403. A high pressure system usually brings 7409. What follows evaporation during the
weather. water cycle? How does this occur?

A. rain
B. snow, sleet, or hail B. Water vapor condenses and forms a
cloud
C. warmer and sunny
D. fair, sunny, and cooler
7404. How does a crevasse form? 7410. Forcing a company to clean up their
A. The bottom of a glacier outruns the top mess with the local waterway falls under
what law? Ex. Love Canal
B. The top of a glacier outruns the bottom
A. CERCLA
7405. What does the side to side cutting of a B. Water Quality Act
stream produces?
C. Clean Water Act
A. Flat Valley Floor D. Safe Drinking Water Act
B. Erosion
7411. Water that can be re-used is called
C. Floodplain
A. Grey water
D. Meanders B. Clean water
7406. What causes tides? C. Black water
A. The wind D. Blue water
B. The gravitational pull of the moon and 7412. The ocean is composed mainly of
the sun A. Sodium Chloride
C. The spinning of the Earth B. Potassium
D. Direct sunlight C. Magnesium
D. Calcium
7407. Water vapor released by a plant is
called 7413. Precipitation that flows over land into
rivers, streams, and eventually into the
A. Transpiration
ocean
B. Infiltration A. Precipitation
C. Runoff B. Condensation
D. Condensation C. Evaporation
7408. Where would you find the lowest den- D. Runoff

sity seawater? 7414. What ocean is located at Number 3?
A. surface zone
B. deep zone
C. transition zone
D. abyssal zone

1.1 HYDROLOGY 848
A. Pacific C. where ponds and creeks meet

B. Indian D. where streams and lakes meet
C. Atlantic
7418. Though freshwater has two major
D. Arctic sources, this is a misleading concept. Why
is this the case?
7415. A region of high ground, from each side
of which the river systems flow into dif- A. Both sources are always mixing
ferent drainage basins
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. One source is larger than the other
C. Both sources are in equal size
D. Both sources are usable by humans
7419. Approximately percent of Earth’s

water is freshwater.
A. 97
B. 1
C. 3
A. watershed D. 10
B. groundwater
7420. What percentage of freshwater re-
C. river basin sources are we able to use for consump-
D. divide tion?
7416. is the study of the entire atmo- A. 1%

sphere, including the weather. B. 3%
C. All of it
D. less than 1%
7421. Water’s density

A. Is always constant
B. Varies with temperature
C. Is very small
A. biology
D. Never changes
B. Meteorology
C. hydrology 7422. The land on earth covers approximately
D. geometry how much of Earth?
A. 25%
7417. Where can brackish water most likely
be found? B. 50%
A. where rivers and lakes meet C. 75%
B. where rivers and ocean meet D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 849
7423. Where are the nonmetals located on the 7427. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water is
periodic table? found?

A. the oceans
B. ice caps & glaciers
C. rivers and lakes
D. cracks or spaces in underground soil
and rock
A. Blue
B. Red 7428. When cold dry air mass meets a warm
humid air mass it can create a
C. Green
D. none of above A. hurricane
7424. The steep slope where the continental B. tornado

shelf drops to the bottom of the ocean C. cyclone
floor
D. tsunami
B. continental slope 7429. Going in order from EAST to WEST what
C. continental rise are the five Virginia Provinces?
D. continental breakfast
7425. Surface currents tend to carry water
that is
A. warm and less salty
B. cold and more salty
C. lukewarm with no salt A. Piedmont, Coastal Plain, Appalachian
Plateau, Valley and Ridge
D. icy
B. Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Ap-
7426. The figure above shows how water is
palachian Plateau, Piedmont
distributed on Earth. Which of the fol-
lowing contains the largest percentage of C. Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge,
Earth’s fresh water? Blue Ridge, Piedmont, Coastal Plain
D. Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge,
Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau
7430. River discharge provided by groundwa-

ter seeping into the bed of the river is
called
A. surface run off
A. lakes
B. groundwater B. baseflow
C. glaciers and ice caps C. throughflow
D. ground ice and permafrost D. infiltration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 850
7431. In the documentary, what restaurant C. is a body of water surrounded by land

does the film crew visit, because the D. is the same depth as the rivers that run
Florida Aquifer is just beneath it. into it
A. Sonny’s on Archer Road in Gainesville
7436. Which set of surface soil conditions on
B. Sonny’s in Alachua a hillside would result in the most infiltra-
C. Akins BBQ in Bell tion of rainfall?
D. Bubba Ques in Chiefland A. Steep slope, unsaturated soil, no veg-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
etation
7432. How does water enter the atmosphere? B. Gentle slope, unsaturated soil, vegeta-
A. Water enters the atmosphere as vapor tion
by evaporation and transpiration. C. Steep slope, saturated soil, vegetation
B. Water enters the atmosphere through D. Gentle slope, saturated soil, no vege-
condensation. tation
C. Water enters the atmosphere as
7437. Deep ocean circulation is driven cir-
through precipitaion.
culation produced by differences in salinity
D. Water enters the atmosphere by fer- and temperature of water masses.
mentation.
A. Wind
7433. Arrange the following water sources in B. Wave
order from largest to smallest:Icecaps and C. Upwelling
glaciers, ocean, groundwater and lakes.
D. Density
A. glaciers and icecaps, oceans, ground-
water, lakes 7438. Water forms on the outside of iced tea
B. oceans, lakes, glaciers and icecaps, on a hot day. What process causes the
groundwater water to form?
C. oceans, icecaps and glaciers, ground-

water, lakes
D. lakes, groundwater, glaciers and ice-
caps, oceans
7434. As human population increases expo-

nentially what is likely to happen to the
amount of available freshwater?
A. It will increase
B. It will decrease
C. it will stabilize
D. It will increase and then decrease
A. Condensation
7435. What is a lake? B. Evaporation
A. it always contains fresh water C. Precipitation
B. stays the same size forever D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 851
7439. Which of the following options correctly C. constant movement of water through
identify g in the diagram the land, air, oceans, and living things

D. none of above
7444. Water has a higher salinity if it contains

more / El agua tiene mayor salinidad
si contiene más
A. trench A. water
B. continental shelf B. salt
C. guyot C. heat
D. mid-ocean ridge D. pollution
7440. Man made carbon dioxide comes from 7445. N is the number of of cups and a,
the burning of fossil fuels. An example of b are the coefficients for a given current
a fossil fuel is meter.
A. wood
A. Revolutions per minute
B. oil
B. Revolutions per second
C. shale
C. Revolutions per hour
D. none of above
D. Revolutions per annum
7441. Differences between temperature near
the equator and temperature near the 7446. Identify the ocean at location #5
poles would be much greater if Earth had
no
A. sun
B. stars
C. land
D. ocean
A. Atlantic Ocean
7442. The extremely deep areas in the ocean B. Southern Ocean
that are created by a subducting plate is
called a C. Pacific Ocean
A. trench D. Arctic Ocean
B. mid ocean ridge 7447. The curving path of a moving object
C. guyot from an otherwise straight path due to
D. none of above Earth’s rotation is called what?
A. Sublimation
7443. What is the definition of groundwater?
B. Continental Deflection
A. Water that collects in cracks and pores
in underground soil and rock layers C. Transpiration
B. Change of a liquid to a vapor or gas D. Coriolis Effect

1.1 HYDROLOGY 852
7448. Which particles are entrained at 1000 B. The rivers decrease the salinity of the
cm/sec? oceans because they remove freshwater.
C. The rivers increase the salinity of the
D. The rivers decrease the salinity of the
7452. Which is more permeable?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Just clay A. frozen ground
B. Silt and sand only B. unfrozen ground
C. All types of sediment 7453. Damage measured with the Saf-
D. Only boulders fir/Simpson scale
A. Tornado
7449. A rapid change in density with depth is
called B. Hurricane
A. thermocline 7454. Less precipitation can impact groundwa-

ter because
B. halocline
A. more infiltration
C. pycnocline
B. less infiltation
D. deep ocean
C. more runoff
7450. The oceans absorb much of the sunlight D. less runoff
reaching Earth. When water in the ocean
absorbs sunlight and heats up, what pro- 7455. Water that infiltrates soil is called
cess can happen to the water? A. aquifers
B. groundwater
C. water tunnels
D. run-off
7456. What curves because of the Coriolis Ef-

fect?
A. Accumulation A. The rotation of the Earth
B. Condensation B. The movement of wind and ocean cur-
rents
C. Evaporation
C. The difference in velocity between dif-
D. Precipitation
ferent latitudes
7451. How do great rivers, such as the Nile, D. The air masses
the Amazon and the Mississippi affect the
salinity of the oceans they flow into? AKS 7457. As is rains, water is caught on the
3c leaves of trees. This is known as
A. The rivers increase the salinity of the A. precipitation

oceans because they remove fresh water. B. interception

1.1 HYDROLOGY 853
C. translocation 7462. water located below Earth’s surface

D. influencing A. surface water

B. ocean
7458. Which of the following shoreline erosion
prevention structure will trap sand and C. lake
sediments? D. ground water
A. Groins 7463. The removal of salt from salt water to
B. Breakwaters make fresh water.
C. Seawalls A. ground water
D. Beach nourishment B. desalination
C. wawtershed
7459. What phase of the water cycle is letter
E? D. irrigation
7464. Clouds form when water vapor in the at-

mosphere evaporates into water droplets.
A. True
B. False
7465. Why is water considered to be a polar

molecule?
A. groundwater
B. transpiration
C. evaporation
D. condensation
7460. The large, flat part of the ocean floor is A. Water molecule is evenly distributed
called the B. Each molecule has a positive and a neg-
A. trench ative end
B. continental shelf C. Water molecules form in the polar re-
gion
D. Water molecules are attracted to mag-
D. abyssal plain nets
7461. What is the most abundant salt found in 7466. Which of the following describes
the ocean? waves?
A. magnesium chloride A. the daily rise and fall of the ocean lev-
els cause by gravitational pull of the moon
B. sodium chloride
and sun on earth
C. potassium chloride
D. calcium chloride ter

1.1 HYDROLOGY 854
C. the stream like movement of water D. A decrease in salt concentration in in-

through a larger body of water let waterways
D. the ongoing cycle of water from the 7472. During stage, water attempts to re-
land to the atmosphere back to the turn to rivers, lakes, or the ocean.
ocean/land
A. evaporation
7467. Which currents affect the climate?
B. condensation
A. trade currents
C. precipitation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. deep currents
D. runoff (collection)
C. Coriolis currents
D. surface currents 7473. Rain, hail, sleet and snow are all exam-
ples of
7468. Cold ocean currents generally come from A. deposition.
A. The North Pole B. frozen water.
B. The South Pole
C. precipitation.
C. The Equator
D. tornado warning signs.
D. Either Pole
7474. A “Divide” between watershed is cre-
7469. Which best describes the importance of ated by
an aquifer?
A. Creeks
A. It holds uncontaminated ground water
for human consumption B. Houses
B. It supplies all the water for lakes and C. Mountains

rivers D. The Water Cycle
C. It provides water for oceans
7475. When it rains, a portion of the wa-
D. none of above ter seeps into the ground to replenish the
Earth’s
7470. The main source of energy that drives
the water cycle comes from A. unsaturated zone.
A. atmospheric pressure. B. water table.
B. hydrothermal vents. C. permeability.
C. convection currents. D. groundwater (aquifers).
D. the Sun. 7476. This is an image of how upwelling oc-
7471. The drilling for freshwater increases curs. Upwelling is important to organisms
along a coastal area. What is a likely con- because
sequence for this action? (EEn 2.4.2)
A. an intrusion of saltwater into aquifers
ies
C. The destruction of estuaries because
of an increase in sea levels

1.1 HYDROLOGY 855
A. when local wind patterns blow along B. B

the north west coast, they cause local C. C
surface currents to move away from the

shore. D. D
B. upwelling causes warm water to flow 7481. This water table is so close to the sur-
to the British Isles and creates a mild cli- face that water flows out
mate there. A. Spring
C. upwelling brings nutrients to the sur- B. Artesian wells
face of the ocean to support the growth
of phytoplankton and zooplankton. C. Water table
7477. An undersea mountain chain where new 7482. The US has more than one continental
ocean floor is produced (divergent) Divide.
A. Mid-Ocean Ridge A. true
B. Deep Ocean Trench B. false
C. Wave length 7483. Intensity of rainfall is measured by

D. Abyssal Plain A. Hydrometer
B. Seismometer
C. Anemometer
A. A place underground that stores wa-
ter. D. Continuously recording gauge
B. A water pump 7484. What is label B
C. A water purifier
D. A place that sells aquifers
7479. Sand, Mud, and rocks that are found on

the ocean floor are called?
A. Trench
A. Jet Stream
B. Mid ocean ridge
B. Photosynthesis
C. Seamount
C. Ocean Current
D. Abyssal plain
D. Sediments
7485. What process transforms the water va-
7480. Which letter in the picture represents
por in the atmosphere to the liquid water
the Abyssal Plain?
in a cloud?
A. A

1.1 HYDROLOGY 856
A. evaporation 7489. Walking on the warm sand sand with

B. infiltration your bare feet.
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
E. condensation
7486. The amount of space between particles
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Porosity
B. Permeability A. conduction
C. Particle size B. convection
D. Density C. radiation
7487. Winds carry the water from the D. none of above

ocean over the continents. Part of the wa-
7490. How do you recognize a beach that high
ter vapor condenses into clouds, then falls
energy waves are hitting (assuming none
as rain or snow.
are present at the moment)
A. the presence of tourists
B. a sandy beach
C. a stony beach
D. the presence of wildlife
7491. What do we call the stage when water

enters the soil due to gravity?
A. evapotranspiration
B. infiltration
C. runoff
A. bubbles
D. condensation
B. vapor
C. balloons 7492. What ocean floor feature is located at
Letter G?
D. seeds
7488. Which is true of man-made dams?

A. reduce risk of upstream flooding
B. don’t affect the character of the
dammed river downstream
A. Abyssal Plain
C. located where they don’t affect preex-
B. Mid Ocean Ridge
isting farms
C. Seamount
D. provide more dependable water re-
sources for humans D. Deep Ocean Trench

1.1 HYDROLOGY 857
7493. A deep canyon on the ocean floor is A. a specimen interval

called?
B. an index fossil
A. mid ocean ridge

B. Continental slope C. a time differential
C. Continental shelf D. an indicator marker
D. trench
7497. urbanised catchment?
7494. Which picture below represents a neap
tide?
A.
B.
C.
D.
7495. Fresh water makes up what percent of

the Earth’s water?
A. hydrograph A
B. hydrograph B
7498. During the day, a student looks out the

window and observes the sun shining on
a plant. She notices that droplets begin to
appear on the plants’ leaves. Which of the
A. 5%
following can be concluded?
B. 10%
A. The sun decreased the temperature
C. 4%
causing the plants to absorb water in a
D. 3% process called transpiration.
7496. A fossil found over a large area de- B. The sun increased the temperature
posited within a short time period is causing the plants to release water in a
process called transpiration.
C. The sun increased the temperature
causing the plants to release water in a
process called infiltration.
D. The sun decreased the temperature
causing the plants to absorb water in a
process called condensation.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 858
7499. The Earth is covered with about 97% A. High rates of evaporation and transpi-
salt water. ration
A. true B. Low rates of evaporation and transpi-
B. false ration
7500. Water is able to flow more easily C. Increasing amounts of runoff

through the aquifer because its material
D. A heavy rainstorm with a lot of precip-
has a
itation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7504. Which of the following is a stormsurge?
A. Weakened by rain, a mountain col-
lapses into the sea
B. A wave gathers energy from the wind
A. low permeability
during a long journey
B. low porosity
C. A wave is pushed deep onshore be-
C. high porosity
cause of a mighty wind
D. high permeability
D. An earthquake sends walls of water
7501. This is the comparatively dry soil or rock racing across the ocean
located between the ground surface and
the top of the water table. The is not 7505. Stronger winds create waves.
saturated with water because its pores
are filled partly by air and partly by wa- A. larger
ter.
B. smaller
A. zone of aeration
B. zone of saturation 7506. Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the
C. infiltration northern hemisphere moves
D. groundwater A. to the right
7502. evaporation of water from plants B. to the left
A. Evaporation
C. both
B. Condensation
D. neither
C. Transpiration
D. Precipitation
7507. Where the precipitation flows along the
7503. What would cause the water table to stems of a plant to the ground
lower? A. Interception
B. Transpiration
C. Through Flow
D. Stem Flow

1.1 HYDROLOGY 859
7508. Which statement is true about water on B. River Basin

Earth? C. Groundwater

A. Most of the freshwater on Earth is D. Surface Water
found in oceans.
B. Most of the water available on Earth is 7513. The steep incline of the continental mar-
drinkable. gin
C. Most of the water available on Earth is A. Continental Divide

not drinkable. B. Continental Shelf
D. Most of the freshwater on Earth is C. Continental Slope
found as groundwater. D. Continental Divide
7509. What is Earth’s major water storage, 7514. What is the lowest base level possible
home to 97.5% of all water on Earth? for any stream?
A. rivers
B. glaciers
C. ocean
D. lakes
7510. Which ocean is the largest?

A. Southern
B. Indian A. the point where it joins another stream
C. Atlantic B. the point where it reaches sea level
D. Pacific C. the point where it enters a broad val-
ley
7511. What is the power behind the water cy-
cle? D. the point where it originates in the
mountains
7515. Sunny weather=

A. high pressure
B. low pressure
7516. Where is most fresh water found on

Earth?
A. gravity A. glaciers
B. the Sun B. lakes
C. evaporation C. rivers
D. condensation D. oceans
7512. The entire geographical area drained by 7517. Most of the energy that drives the wa-
a river and its tributaries. ter cycle comes from the
A. Watershed A. Earth’s core

1.1 HYDROLOGY 860
B. Equator 7523. Portion of precipitation that infiltrates

C. Sun into the soil and moves horizontally
through the shallow soil horizon without
D. Earth’s oceans ever reaching the water table.
7518. The process that breaks down rocks and A. Streamflow
other materials on Earth’s surface is called B. Baseflow
A. weathering C. Interflow
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. erosion D. Overflow
C. soil conservation
7524. When water is heated in the ocean by
D. decomposition the sun and turns into water vapor
7519. One of the most effective ways to pre- A. condensation

vent soil erosion is to- B. evaporation
A. Cover bare soil with concrete or bricks C. transpiration
B. Spray fertilizer and pesticides on the D. runoff
soil
7525. What are clouds?
C. Plant grasses, shrubs, and trees in the
soil A. water vapor
B. evaporation
D. Put fences around all areas of bare soil
C. condensation
7520. Constructing barriers is most effective
D. none of above
A. Before a flood
7526. Ocean currents affect climates around
B. During a flood
the world. Based on the map, which area
C. After a flood MOST likely has a warmer climate than ex-
D. While the floodwaters are receeding pected?
7521. The total amount of solid material dis-

solved in water, usually sodium chloride.
A. Solution
B. Solute
C. Salinity
D. Density A. 1
7522. Which human activity directly affects B. 2
the quality of freshwater resources? C. 3
A. depleting the ozone layer D. 4
B. burning gasoline in car engines
7527. Which of the following would be the
C. throwing trash out of car windows most dense?
D. allowing runoff from agricultural fields A. Cold Saltwater

1.1 HYDROLOGY 861
B. Warm Saltwater 7532. Seamount is similiar to

C. Cold Freshwater

D. Warm Freshwater
7528. The diagram shows the topography of

an ocean floor. Which area on the dia-
gram most likely has water with the high-
est salinity?
A. a volcanic island
B. a small mountain or volcano
C. The Great Plains
D. The Grand Canyon
7533. Ocean surface circulation brings

A. W equatorial waters towards the poles and
polar water towards the equator.
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
7529. What property of water at different

temperatures plays the biggest role in
moving water up and down in the ocean?
A. density A. warm, cooler
B. viscosity B. cooler, warm

C. warmer, less dense
C. turbidity
D. cooler, denser
D. acidity
7534. What percentage of the Earth’s water is
7530. What season comes after Winter?
contained in oceans?
A. Spring A. 90%
B. Fall B. 3%
C. Summer C. 57%
D. none of above D. 97%
7531. When water turns into a gas 7535. Ionic bonds are between
A. condensation A. nonmetals and nonmetals
B. evaporation B. carbon and oxygen
C. precipitation C. metals and nonmetals
D. none of above D. hydrogen and chlorine

1.1 HYDROLOGY 862
7536. Where does most of the water evapora- 7541. Which step of the water cycle returns
tion on Earth come from? water to the land/oceans?
A. Transpiring plants A. condensation
B. Rivers B. evaporation
C. Oceans C. precipitation
D. Surface Lakes D. infiltration
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7537. Which process involves large boulders 7542. What is an opening in the surface where
and rocks being rolled along the river bed? lava may flow?
A. Saltation A. trench
B. Traction B. seamount
C. Suspension C. rift zone
D. Solution D. valley
7538. What is the average salinity of saltwa- 7543. Why can’t a scuba diver descend more
ter? than 60 feet before having to pause to let
their lungs become adjusted?
A. 25 %
B. 30 %
C. 35 %
D. 40 %
7539. orographic precipitation occurs in

A. central India
B. lower plains of Bengal
C. Deccan plateau
D. Western Ghats
7540. Using the diagram, label the correct pro- A. Their lungs have to adjust to the pres-
cess for the water cycle for #14 sure increase
B. Their lunges have to adjust to density
increase
C. Their lungs have to adjust to both the
density and pressure increase
D. They want to pause at 60 feet to take
pictures of the marine life
A. evaporation 7544. Name the feature for D

B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 863
A. volcanic arc C. Infiltration

B. volcanic island D. Runoff

C. mid-ocean ridge 7549. Explain the role of density in the move-
D. continental shelf ment of deep currents.
A. Cold, high salinity deep current water
7545. Tides are mainly caused by is less dense than warm, low salinity sur-
A. the Coriolis Effect face current water. As warm water sinks,
B. the sun cold water will move in to take its place,
creating a circular movement called a con-
C. the moon vection current.
D. the seasons B. Cold, high salinity deep current water
is more dense than warm, low salinity sur-
7546. True or False Salinity increases as ocean
face current water. As warm water rises,
depth increases.
cold water will move in to take its place,
creating a circular movement called a con-
vection current.
7550. Which phase change is responsible for
the formation of clouds?
A. Melting
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Precipitation
7551. area in which the spaces between rock
particles are filled with water.
A. True
B. False
7547. On this question, you must select the

two correct answers to make this state-
ment true. equipment has been used
to help us understand the physical features
A. Unsaturated Zone
of the ocean floor called ocean
B. Water Table
A. Radar/Highlights
C. Aquifer
B. Radar/Topography
D. Saturated Zone
C. Sonar/Highlights
7552. The process of water soaking into the
D. Sonar/Topography
ground is called
7548. Which water cycle step has water going
from the surface and down into the soil?
A. Groundwater
B. Precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 864
A. Precipitation C. vaporizes
B. Surface run-off D. evaporates
C. Infiltration
7559. The result of the oxidation of iron in
D. Condensation rocks is
7553. Faster moving particles are cooler. A. caves
A. True B. carbonic acid
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. False C. rust
7554. A rapidly moving cold air mass runs into D. iron

a warm air mass. The cold air slides under
7560. The chocolate bunny and the iron.
the warm air. This is called a(n)
A. cold front
B. warm front
C. stationary front
D. occluded front
7555. Which of the following is a factor that

contributes to the shaping of shorelines? A. conduction
A. waves B. convection
B. tides C. radiation
C. currents D. none of above
D. all of these
7561. Planet Earth is called the blue planet be-
7556. Surface currents are driven mainly by cause it has so much water. Water drives
the weather on Earth. What is the en-
A. breakers
ergy source that drives the water cycle
B. tides and gives us weather on Earth?
C. global winds A. ocean tides
D. tsunamis B. energy from the Sun
7557. It refers to water loss from vegetation C. energy inside of Earth
to the atmosphere. D. winds in Earth’s atmosphere
A. Evaporation
7562. Water in the oceans, rivers, and lakes
B. Condensation
turns to water vapor. This process is
C. Transpiration called and requires heat energy from the
D. Precipitation Sun.
A. Condensation
7558. Clouds form when water vapor in the
atmosphere into water droplets. B. Evaporation
A. melts C. Precipitation
B. condenses D. Transpiration

1.1 HYDROLOGY 865
7563. an area where groundwater fills up all B. Evaporation is the process of water va-
pores in the soil por cooling and condensing into clouds

A. zone of saturation C. Evaporation is the process of water
B. recharge zone falling from the sky
D. Evaporation is the process of water
C. zone of aeration
sinking into the ground
D. none of above
7570. What is the name of hydrographic
7564. A type of well that can be drilled into an basins that, due to the drainage system
unconfined aquifer is called a(n) well. and its final conduction, their waters drain
A. artesian well to a reservoir or lake without reaching the
sea?
B. flowing artesian well
A. arreicas
C. water table well
B. Endorheic
D. confined
C. Exorheic
7565. Evaporation in the water cycle is most D. Cryptorheic
affected by
7571. What moon phases cause a Spring tide?
A. Earth’s rotation.
A. new moon and first quarter
B. the Sun’s energy.
B. first quarter and third quarter
C. Earth’s landforms.
C. full moon and third quarter
D. human activities.
D. new moon and full moon
7566. Salt does not evaporate with water.
7572. Underwater mountain range
A. True
A. abyssal plain
B. False B. mid-ocean ridge
7567. Water from ice caps or snow released C. seamount
to the atmosphere D. volcanic island
A. Transpiration
7573. Which of the following is not a function
B. Advection of dams?
C. Sublimation A. to store water
D. Evaporation B. to protect habitats
7568. During oceans have the greatest C. provide basin for drinking water
tidal range. D. for hydroelectric power
A. Neap 7574. Which type of rock is most easily dis-
B. Spring solved by groundwater?
A. sandstone
7569. What is evaporation?
B. granite
A. Evaporation is the process of liquid wa-
ter droplets heating up and turning into C. limestone
water vapor D. shale

1.1 HYDROLOGY 866
7575. The zone of soil moisture is considered 7580. In the diagram, the land dropped due to
to be groundwater.
A. True
B. False
7576. Physically breaking down rocks and ma-

terials is called weathering. A. Too few trees to support the land
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Chemical B. An increased aquifer sank the water
table
B. Mechanical
C. Over-pumping of groundwater
C. Biological D. Capillary porosity increased perme-
D. Permeable ability
7581. can rise/lower depending on amount of
7577. It refers to water that flows over the
rainfall
land’s surface
A. water table
A. Riverflow
B. evaporation
B. Runoff
C. permeability
C. Precipitation D. surface water
D. Dew 7582. When water in the leaves of plants
becomes water vapor in the atmosphere,
7578. Name this front symbol. that is called
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
7583. Volume is
A. Warm Front A. Mass/Volume
B. The amount of matter in an object.
B. Cold Front
C. The amount of space an object occu-
C. Stationary Front pies.
D. Occluded Front D. Anything that has mass and occupies
space.
7579. when pollution is coming from multiple
sources 7584. How much of the Earth is covered in wa-
ter?
A. point
A. 25%
B. non-point B. 75%
C. upwelling C. 97.5%
D. nitrates and phosphates D. 2.5%

1.1 HYDROLOGY 867
7585. Humans throughout the world compete B. drop in air temperature with light
with each other and other organisms for snow
water resources. Which technique is best

C. increasing humidity with light rain
used to manage water resources and al-
low all components of the environment to D. approaching hurricane with heavy rain
share them? and strong winds
A. draining wetlands
7589. Nutrients, salt, sediment and pollution
B. restricting irrigation are carried to the estuaries and oceans by
C. building a hydroelectric dam and streams.
D. diverting rivers through canals and A. lakes

channels B. rivers
7586. In general, surface water always flows C. rain
A. from south to north D. air
B. toward the equator Explanation:Nutrients, salt, sediment, and
pollution are all substances that can be
C. from north to south found in rivers and streams. As these
D. downhill rivers and streams flow downstream, they
carry these substances with them. Even-
7587. Name feature A tually, the rivers and streams reach estu-
aries and oceans, where the substances
are deposited.
7590. The is an area below Earth’s surface

that is completely filled with water.
A. trench A. Watershed
B. continental slope B. Zone of Saturation

C. guyot C. Water Table
D. mid-ocean ridge D. Aquifers
7588. A meteorologist is monitoring the E. Permeability

weather around Tallahassee. She collects
7591. Which best describes the relationship
the following data from her weather in-
between temperature and density in the
struments:**Air pressure dropping quickly
ocean?
**Warm air is rising rapidly **Water
droplets being pushed upward to the top- A. As the temperature decreases, density
most part of a cloud **Doppler radar map increases
shows pockets of air with the wind blow-
B. As the temperature increase, density
ing in opposite directionsBased on the
increases
weather data, what should the meteorolo-
gist include in the weather forecast for the C. As the temperature decreases, den-
Tallahassee area? sity increases
A. tornado watch with heavy rain and hail D. Temperature has no effect on density

1.1 HYDROLOGY 868
7592. What factors can affect the rate of 7598. “Falls to the surface”
runoff?
A. Condensation
A. Temperature, humidity, and air pres-
B. Evaporation
sure
B. Type of rocks, distance from the equa- C. Transpiration
tor, and time of day D. Precipitation
C. Population density, size of the river,
and color of the soil 7599. The mostly flat section from the shore-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
line (beach) into the shallow ocean.
D. Soil type, slope of the land, land use,
and amount of vegetation
7593. Waves in the ocean can have which of
the following effects?
A. Slowing the rotation of Earth
B. Reducing the salinity in water A. Continental divide
C. Changing the direction of wind
B. Continental Shelf
D. Removing sand from beaches
C. Continental Slope
7594. What is the flat part of the ocean floor D. Continental Margin
called?
A. continental slope 7600. What is weather over a long period of
B. trench time?
C. continental shelf A. A tropical vacation

D. abyssal plain B. Weather
7595. The letter in the Qur’an that explains C. Climate

the concept of balance is the letter D. Science
A. Arruum 41
7601. Which planet is slightly smaller than
B. Al Arif wrote Earth (almost the same diameter), has a
C. Al Qasas H day (period of rotation) that is equal to
D. Al Malak 1-3 243 Earth days, and is the second terres-
trial planet from the Sun?
7596. trash in runoff from an urban area
A. Neptune
B. Venus
C. Mars
7597. The flat region of the ocean floor is
D. Saturn
called?
A. Abyssal plain 7602. An ocean current flowing from the equa-
B. Trench tor to the north pole is most likely a
C. Continental slope A. warm current
D. Continental shelf B. cold current

1.1 HYDROLOGY 869
7603. What is infiltration? C. wavelength

D. amplitude

E. frequency
7607. which of these is a non-recording rain
gauge?
A. weighing type rain gauge
B. tipping bucket type rain gauge
C. Symon’s rain gauge
A. When water seeps into the ground.
D. float type rain gauge
B. When water vapor turns back into liq-
uid water. 7608. The water cycle is the
C. Water that collects in ponds and lakes A. distribution of drinking water on Earth
D. run off underground B. unending circulation of Earth’s water
supply
7604. Which ocean is the warmest surface
C. recycling water for industrial use
temperature according to the text?
D. evaporation of water from Earth’s sur-
face
7609. Which is Earth’s largest source of drink-
able water?
A. Lakes
B. Rivers
C. Oceans
A. Atlantic Ocean
D. Aquifers
B. Indian Ocean
7610. The change of state from a liquid to a
C. Southern Ocean gas.
D. Pacific Ocean A. Evaporation
7605. Ocean tides are caused mostly by B. Transpiration
A. moon’s gravity C. Sublimation
B. rip currents D. Condensation
7606. Using the diagram above, identify the 7611. T8-If a material is impermeableit
wave part at letter A. means:
A. trough A. depending on grain size, water can

B. crest pass through

1.1 HYDROLOGY 870
B. depending on grain size, water can’t 7617. Rivers carry large amounts of weath-
pass through ered rock towards the ocean. How does
this affect the composition of the ocean?
C. water can pass through it
A. It increases the salinity
D. Water cannot pass through it
B. It decreases the density
7612. In the water cycle, water moves be- C. It increases the evaporation
tween land, living things, bodies of water
on Earth’s surface, and the D. It decreases the density
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. School 7618. At which point in the water cycle is con-
densation taking place?
B. Animals
C. Ocean
D. Atmosphere
7613. Deep ocean currents move and mix wa-

ter around the world.
A. True
B. False
7614. Tipping bucket rain gauge consists of a

cylindrical receiver with diameter of A. At point A
cm B. At point B
A. 12.5 C. At point C
B. 30 D. At point D
C. 25 7619. Water changing from liquid to vapor
D. 203 (gas), usually due to the Sun’s heat.
A. Evaporation
7615. Which invention allowed individuals to
better perform research at ocean depths B. Condensation
greater than 100 feet? C. Precipitation
A. barometer D. Transpiration
B. satellite 7620. There are two high tides and two low
C. Thermometer tides every
D. submersible A. every year
B. approximately every 24 minutes
7616. Name “Label 1” on the hydrograph
C. approximately every 24 hours
A. rising limb
D. approximately every 12 hours
B. falling limb
7621. What part of the water cycle can carry
C. base flow
pollutants from your yard to streams and
D. overland flow rivers?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 871
A. evaporation A. 1
B. runoff B. 2

C. precipitation C. 3
D. condensation D. 4
7622. What is the feature labeled D? 7626. TRUE or FALSE:Chicago-land is located

near a continental divide.
B. volcanic island
C. abyssal plain
D. mid ocean ridge A. True
B. False
7623. What do we call a mountain that starts
underwater and rises above the surface of C. There is no way to determine
the sea? D. none of above
A. Volcanic Island 7627. Which of these is NOT a way in which
B. Seamount clouds affect climate?
C. Trench A. clouds cool Earth’s surface
D. Slope B. clouds warm Earth’s surface
C. clouds deliver precipitation
7624. Which law garantess US citizen safe
drinking water? D. clouds block all harmful radiation
A. Safe Drinking Act 7628. Which part of the water cycle best de-
B. Clean Water Act scribes when the sun heats the water?
C. Water Quality Act A. exoskeleton
D. none of above B. evaporation

C. entropy
7625. Look at the picture of the water cycle.
D. exasperation
Which number shows condensation?
7629. surface currants are moved MOSTLY
by?
A. Wind
B. Gravity
C. both
D. Sodium chloride

1.1 HYDROLOGY 872
7630. The process of water vapor changing to

a liquid is called
A. evaporation
B. transpiration
C. condensation
D. runoff
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7631. Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers A. He is correct because 2% of the water
are examples of what? on Earth is immediately available to drink.
A. weathering B. He is correct because 97% of the water
B. deposition on Earth is immediately available to drink.
C. erosion C. He is incorrect because only 1% of the
D. compaction
drink.
7632. What type of local wind is being shown D. He is incorrect because only 2% of the
in the diagram? water on Earth is immediately available to
drink.
7635. When do spring tides occur? Select all

that apply.
A. When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are in
a straight line
A. Land Breeze B. During a first or last quarter moon
phase
B. Sea Breeze
C. Valley Breeze C. During a new or full moon phase
D. Mountain Breeze D. When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are in

a 90◦ angle
7633. Name ocean floor feature D.
7636. When water is heated up, it turns from
liquid to a vapor. One of the water cy-
cle stages when this occurs is evaporation.
Which is the other?
A. percolation
A. trench B. condensation
B. seamount C. infiltration
C. continental shelf D. transpiration
7637. According to this diagram, what are two
7634. A student claims that a large percentage methods by which water on land (in lakes
of water on Earth is immediately available and streams) returns to the oceans? (Se-
to drink. Is he correct? Why or why not? lect TWO answers)

1.1 HYDROLOGY 873
7641. Look at the diagram below:How does

the North Atlantic Drift affect the climate
of northwestern Europe?

A. Surface runoff
B. Groundwater
C. Evaporation
D. Precipitation
7638. How would you classify layer C? A. It is a warm current, so it warms the
air above and makes the climate warmer
than it would otherwise be.
B. It is a cold current, so it cools the air
above and makes the climate colder than
it would otherwise be.
C. It has no effect on the climate of north-
western Europe.
A. aquifer
D. none of above
B. permeable
C. impermeable 7642. Which point will affect the North Folk
Reservoir?
D. zone of saturation
7639. Out of the following, which is the

biggest?
A. Arctic
B. Southern
C. Pacific
D. Atlantic
A. Point A
7640. What is formed when impermeable rock B. Point B
forces ground water to move up to the
Earth’s surface? C. Point C
A. spring D. All of these areas affect the North Folk
B. aquifer Reservoir
C. geyser 7643. Open spaces between soil particles that

D. well allow water to pass through

1.1 HYDROLOGY 874
by some land feature such as a mountain

range
D. none of above
7648. The presence of species provides the
MOST information regarding the health of
a river system.
A. Aquifer A. algae
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Well B. indicator
C. Pores C. salt
D. Spores D. frozen
Explanation:Species diversity is an impor-
7644. other name for rising limb
tant indicator of the health of a river sys-
A. point of inflection tem. The presence of a variety of species
B. recession limb indicates that the river system is healthy
C. concentration curve and has a balanced ecosystem.
D. falling limb 7649. What does water quality tell us?
7645. How many major oceans are there on A. tells us if the water went through the
Earth? cleaning process
B. tells us how healthy water is
A. 4
C. tells us how water should be cleaned
B. 2
D. tells us where the water came from
C. 5
D. 7 7650. Where does most of the energy that
drives the water cycle come from?
7646. Can water be created or destroyed
A. The Sun
A. Yes
B. Earth’s cores
B. No
C. Earth’s oceans
7647. Which best describes Karst topogra- D. The equator
phy?
7651. What happens if a hurricane moves over
A. The elevation above sea level that con-
land or cold ocean water?
tains water and other environmental liq-
uids in and around the granite layer of the
continental plate.
B. A landscape that is characterized by
numerous caves, sinkholes, and under-
ground streams, usually forms in regions
where bedrock consists of carbonate-rich A. it will get stronger
rock, such as limestone, that is easily dis-
solved. B. it will get weaker
C. All the land area that drains into a com- C. it will upgrade its category
mon body of water and is usually bordered D. it will morph into a typhoon

1.1 HYDROLOGY 875
7652. what is most likely directly responsible 7656. What can increase groundwater?
for increasing salt concentrations in our
A. surface water moving through soil and
oceans

rock
A. evaporation
B. surface water flowing into rivers
B. runoff
C. condensation C. less precipitation
D. precipitation D. increased urbnaization
7657. Justin is a farmer who wants to improve
A. More water filling up the ocean the quality of the local streams on his farm.
B. The rising and falling of the water on Which action will have the most impact?
the earth surface
A. growing cotton instead of corn
C. Jupiter orbiting the moon
B. using a tractor with smaller wheels
D. Waves in the oceans
C. increasing the amount of fertilizer
7654. What causes thunderstorms to occur? used on the crops
A. They are created at a cold front. A cold,
dry air mass overtakes a warm, dry air D. planting a vegetative buffer strip along
mass. The warm air has low pressure and the perimeter of the field
rises quickly. The water vapor condenses
and makes cumulonimbus clouds. 7658. What causes surface currents in the
ocean?
B. They are created at a cold front. A
warm, dry air mass overtakes a cold, dry A. the Moon’s gravity
air mass. The cold air has high pressure
and rises quickly. The water vapor con- B. the wind
denses and makes cumulonimbus clouds. C. ocean waves
C. They are created at a warm front. A
D. none of above
warm, moist air mass overtakes a cold,
dry air mass. The warm air has low pres-
7659. Oceanography is the study of the
sure and rises quickly. The water vapor
condenses and makes stratus clouds.
D. They are created at a warm front. A
cold, moist air mass overtakes a warm,
dry air mass. The cold air has high pres-
sure and rises quickly. The water vapor
condenses and makes stratus clouds.
7655. What percentage of Earth’s water is
freshwater?A
A. ocean
A. 97%
B. garbage
B. 1%
C. 25% C. plants
D. 3% D. weather

1.1 HYDROLOGY 876
7660. When rainwater reaches the Earth’s sur- C. The water molecule has a net negative
face, it can run off the surface to water charge.
bodies or infiltrate (soak in) soil to be- D. The water molecule has a net positive
come groundwater. Which of these sur- charge.
faces would allow the MOST RUNOFF and
LEAST INFILTRATION of rainwater? 7664. The productivity of marine ecosystems
A. gravel depends on
A. Sunlight and nutrients
B. cement
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Temperature and pressure
C. sand
C. Chemosynthesis
D. grass
D. Freshwater
7661. In order for precipitation to occur on
Earth, water from oceans, lakes, and 7665. Do the center of hurricanes have high or
rivers must low pressure?
A. freeze A. high
B. expand B. low
C. evaporate 7666. How does most of the water in the wa-

ter cycle move from lakes and rivers di-
D. boil
rectly back into the atmosphere?
7662. an underwater mountain rising above A. precipitation
the ocean floor B. respiration
A. volcanic island C. evaporation
B. seamount D. condensation
C. trench
7667. One major cause of floods is
D. mid ocean ridge
A. rapid spring snow melt
7663. Why is water a polar molecule? B. a decrease in stream discharge
C. light rain over a large area
D. increased capacity of stream channels
7668. Which hazard must submersible vehi-
cles overcome while exploring and study-
ing the deep ocean zone?
A. high waves
B. increased salinity
A. The hydrogen atoms have slightly posi- C. high water pressure
tive ends while the oxygen atom is slightly D. underwater mountain ranges
negative.
7669. The water cycle is important
B. The oxygen atom is slightly positive,
while the hydrogen atoms are slightly neg- A. True
ative. B. False

1.1 HYDROLOGY 877
7670. If humans continue to overload water 7673. What is the difference in condensation
systems with nutrients and pollution, then and evaporation?
will occur.

A. Condensation requires water to heat
A. eutrophication up while evaporation requires water to
cool down.
B. photosynthesis
B. Condensation requires water to gain
C. runoff
heat while evaporation requires water to
D. upwelling lose heat.
Explanation:If humans continue to over- C. Condensation requires water vapor to
load water systems with nutrients and lose heat to turn into liquid water while
pollution, then the water systems will evaporation requires liquid water to gain
become polluted and unable to support heat to turn into water vapor.
aquatic life. This is a process called eu-
trophication. D. Condensation requires water vapor to
gain heat to turn into liquid water and
7671. In order for water to collect in Earth’s evaporation requires liquid water to gain
atmosphere and form clouds, it must first heat to turn into water vapor.
undergo what process?
7674. What is the supply of freshwater under
A. condensation the Earth’s surface called?
B. convection A. watershed
C. evaporation B. mouth
D. precipitation C. headwaters
7672. Use the image to identify the Colorado D. groundwater

River watershed.
7675. Which two factors affect the density of
ocean water?
A. The amount of oxygen in the water and
temperature
B. The amount of oxygen in the water and
salinity
C. The temperature of the water and
salinity
D. The clarity and color of the water
7676. Part of the ground where all the pore

A. B spaces are filled with water
B. C A. zone of saturation
C. D B. zone of aeration
D. E C. water table
E. F D. none of above

1.1 HYDROLOGY 878
7677. Underwater volcanoes, steep canyons, 7680. Approxamately what perecent of the
underwater volcanoes, steep canyons, Earth is covered with water?
deep trenches, and the planet’s longest A. 31%
mountain range are seen in the
B. 51%
A. sea floor topography
C. 71%
D. 91%
C. mid ocean ridge
7681. The center of mass of an object
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
7678. Look at the diagram below. Which step

A. Angle of Insolation
B. Barycenter
C. Equinox
A. Evaporation
D. none of above
B. Condensation
7682. Water going from liquid to gas is which?
C. Precipitation
A. Condensation
D. Transpiration
B. melting
E. Collection
C. freezing
7679. Look at the diagram below. Which step D. evaporation
7683. Which of the following are formed
when warm, humid (moist) air moves up
quickly?
A. Thunderstorms
B. Tornadoes
C. Hurricanes
D. All of the above
A. Evaporation 7684. Is it weather or climate?
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
E. Collection

1.1 HYDROLOGY 879
A. Weather B. runoff
B. Climate C. condensation

D. precipitation
7685. The rate of flow of water measured in
volume per area of the stream. 7690. Aquifers are sources of
A. volumetric flow rate A. Silica, which is used to make glass and
B. volumetric flux paper products
C. mass flowrate B. Oil, which is drilled from the aquifer
and used to power homes
D. none of above
C. Saltwater, which is pushed through
7686. The largest amount of water used in turbines to make energy
households. D. Freshwater, which is used for drinking,
A. Cooking bathing, and watering crops
B. Washing 7691. How does the development of more trib-
C. Flushing the toilet utaries affect a local river basin?
D. Brushing Teeth A. The amount of water carried by the
basin is decreased because it is gathered
7687. includes factors such as average temper- from many streams near the source of the
ature and precipitation and relative humid- river.
ity. B. The amount of water carried by the
A. climate basin is increased because it is gathered
B. abiotic from many streams near the source of the
river.
C. biotic
D. none of above 7692. Name the moon phase
7688. When you boil water in a pot and steam

rises from it.
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
7689. What process is taking place at number

3? A. First Quarter
B. Last Quarter
C. New Moon
D. Full Moon
7693. Where is ground water found?
A. on the surface of Earth
A. evaporation B. in underground rock

1.1 HYDROLOGY 880
7694. Which is true concerning the structure of 7698. The instrument to measure rainfall is
the hydrosphere? called
A. There is one ocean with one basin.
B. There are many oceans with many
basins.
C. The ocean is connected to many lakes,
watersheds, and waterways.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
7695. A glacier that has spilled out over flat
plains, spreading into bulb-like lobes.
A. Alpine Glaciers
B. Continental Glaciers
A. Rainometer
D. Mountain Glaciers
B. Raingauge
7696. How does temperature and salinity af-
C. Rainimeter
fect deep currents?
A. As temperature decreases and salinity D. Watergauge
increases the water becomes more dense Explanation:Raingauge is used to mea-
sure depth of rainfall
B. As temperature decreases and salinity
increases the water becomes less dense
7699. A layer of air that surrounds Earth to
C. As temperature increases and salin- keep us warm is called
ity decreases the water becomes more
dense A. atmosphere
D. As temperature increases and salinity B. Sun’s rays

increases the water becomes less dense C. ozone layer
7697. How is water vapor created? D. air pressure
A. Water molecules LOSE heat energy
and condense. 7700. What makes water move through the
B. Water molecules LOSE heat energy water cycle?
and precipitate. A. the air
C. Water molecules GAIN heat energy B. the rain
and become a solid.
C. the sun
D. Water molecules GAIN heat energy
and become a gas. D. the ground

1.1 HYDROLOGY 881
7701. What is the widely held theory of the

origin of the universe?

A. Steady State Theory
B. Cell Theory
C. Big Bang Theory
B. trench
D. String Theory
C. mid-ocean ridge
7702. Look at the map below to find Sacra- D. abyssal plain
mento, California and Denver, Colorado.
7705. what is a occluded front?
Which city would have lower average tem-
peratures during the winter based on what A. cool and clear weather
you know of ocean surface currents in re- B. warm and clear weather
lation to heat energy?
C. days of clouds and precipitation
cooler temperatures
7706. Give some uses of lakes for human.
A. A lake helps to regulate the flow of a
river.
B. They do not moderate the climate of
A. Sacramento, California the surroundings.
B. Denver, Colorado C. During heavy rains, it maintains the
even flow of water.
7703. Water striders can walk across the sur-
D. Helps to develop tourism and provide
face of calm water. Their feet push the sur-
recreation.
face of the water down slightly, but they
do not break the surface. Why? 7707. Resistant to weathering means
A. The insects are light enough so they do A. something does not wear down easily
not break the hydrogen bonds holding the B. something wears down very easily
water molecules together
C. something can withstand a lightning
B. The insects actually use their wings to strike
hover slightly above the water’s surface
D. something cannot withstand a light-
and they only skim it with their feet.
ning strike
C. The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they
are repelled by the polar water molecules 7708. The sun drives the whole hydrologic cy-
and are pushed away from the water’s cle through the process of , which turns
surface. liquid water into a gas.
A. Turbidity
D. The insects are small enough to see
the individual water molecules, so they B. Infiltration
are able to step carefully from one C. Condensation
molecule to the next
D. Transpiration
7704. What ocean feature is located at D? E. Evaporation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 882
7709. Which property of water is responsible 7714. Clouds form when air is
for most of the other properties of water?
A. swirled by the wind
A. cohesion
B. heated by the sun
B. adhesion
C. turned by the ozone
C. density
D. transpired by plants
D. polarity
7715. Which of the following is not a category
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7710. Which of the following has the lowest
of marine organisms?
porosity?
A. plankton
A. Clay
B. Silt B. nekton
C. Gravel C. benthos
D. Sand D. photic
7711. The area where water fills all of the 7716. What advantage does water from an
pore space in sediment and rock is called aquifer have over other water sources?
A. belt of soil moisture A. pollutants are filtered by rock and
deep soil
B. zone of aeration
C. zone of saturation B. water comes directly from precipita-
tion
D. water table
C. forms where fresh and salt water
7712. The shallowest(least deep) part of the meet
ocean is the D. it rises to the surface near the ocean
7717. What might form on the ocean floor

where two plates separate?
A. Mid-ocean ridge
B. Ocean trench
A. trench C. Continental shelf
B. abyssal plain D. Seamount
7718. Does not allow water to flow through
A. Impermeable
7713. The Gulf Stream is the largest and most
powerful surface current in the ocean. B. Non-porous
A. North Atlantic C. permeable

B. South Atlantic D. porous
C. Pacific 7719. The process that wears down rock into
D. none of above smaller pieces is

1.1 HYDROLOGY 883
7724. The drainage network in a basin is given

by:

A. The longest streamline or one with its
source at a higher elevation
B. The line that joins the highest points
around and that divides the waters inside
A. erosion and outside
C. All existing streamlines in the basin
B. deposition
D. The sum of stream lengths over the
C. weathering
basin area
D. compaction
7725. What is an ocean tide?
7720. An impermeable substance is a sub-
stance that liquids flow through.
A. can
B. cannot
7721. What human activity uses the most wa-

ter, worldwide? (EEn 2.4.1)
A. drinking A. Larger waves that crash on the shore
B. industry line
C. agriculture B. When the water pulls sand back into
the ocean
D. bathing
C. Periodic rise and fall of ocean waters
7722. A large, slow-moving, long-lasting accu- due to gravitational pull
mulation of snow and ice that develops on D. none of above
land
A. Glacier
located?
B. River
A. lakes & rivers
C. Topography
B. glaciers & groundwater
D. Saltwater C. aquifers
E. Ocean D. ocean
7723. “Plants” 7727. Is there an end to the water cycle?
A. Transpiration A. Yes!
B. Condensation B. No!
C. Precipitation
7728. When the water vapor in the air
D. Runoff changes back to liquid, what does it form?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 884
7733. Upwelling does what?

A. Bring warm water from the deep to the
surface.
B. Bring nutrients to the surface.
C. Happens in the middle of the ocean.
A. rain, hail, sleet, or snow D. Has no impact on weather.
B. water
7734. Which human activity do you think di-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. condensation rectly affects the quality of freshwater re-
D. snow and water sources?
7729. Australia is the continent that is the A. depleting the ozone layer
color B. throwing trash out of car windows
C. burning gasoline in car engines
D. allowing runoff from agricultural fields
7735. Impermeable materials
A. have an abundance of pores.
B. let water in.
A. gray C. have little to no pores.
B. orange D. none of above
C. pink 7736. Which layer is the hottest and is where
D. green you find satellites?
7730. The major warm surface current on the A. Trosposhere

Eastern United States. B. Stratosphere
A. Gulf Stream C. Mesosphere
B. Atlantic Drift D. Thermosphere
C. Atlantic Ocean 7737. currents (like the Gulf Stream) cre-
D. Caribbean Sea ate warm climates in coastal areas that
would otherwise be much cooler.
7731. A Delta is a Large Body of water in a
area close to lakes or oceans? A. warm-water surface
A. true B. warm-water deep
B. false C. cold-water surface

D. cold-water deep
7732. What layer of the atmosphere contains
the weather? 7738. Which ones affect deep ocean currents?
A. Troposphere A. Temperature, Salinity, density
B. Stratosphere B. Wind, Pressure, temperature
C. Mesosphere C. Density, wind
D. Thermosphere D. Wind, water, air, ice

1.1 HYDROLOGY 885
7739. What ocean is located at Number 2? A. solar

B. wind

C. coal
D. geothermal
7744. A water strider can skate along the top

of a pond because:
A. Pacific
B. Indian
C. Atlantic
D. Southern
7740. What is the area underground where

there is not any water? A. A water strider is lighter than water
A. Zone of Saturation B. hydrogen bonds result in water cohe-
B. Zone of Aeration sion (surface tension)
C. Water C. water striders have adapted to take
advantage of water cohesion
D. none of above
D. low surface tension of water
7741. How does the Gulf Stream current im-
pact the climate of Europe? 7745. The size of a wave is NOT affected by
the
A. makes it colder
A. strength of the wind
B. makes it warmer
B. length of time the wind blows across
C. no impact the water
D. none of above C. salinity of the water
7742. Most of the precipitation that falls to D. distance the wind blows across the wa-
Earth ends up in ter
A. underground 7746. Study the diagram above and focus on
B. lakes and rivers the RED dashed line that shows the bor-
ders of this river system. The borders of
C. the ocean
river systems are based on where are
D. glaciers and icecaps located.
7743. Which is a nonrenewable source of en-
ergy?
A. streams

1.1 HYDROLOGY 886
B. watersheds A. condensation
C. deltas B. evaporation
D. tributaries C. transportation
7747. The movement of water and sediment D. precipitation

down a beach caused by waves coming in 7751. What is salinity?
to shore at an angle
A. the amount of density in a given space
A. Tide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Salinity is the dissolved salt content of
B. Wave Height a body of water
C. Surface Currents C. how much water in the ocean
D. Longshore Drift D. lakes and rivers
7748. Cleveland Ohio is farther south than 7752. Which would indicate the water in a
London England, but London has warmer lake is not safe for drinking?
average temperatures. Which statement
best explains why London has warmer A. many varieties of fish in the lake
temperatures than Cleveland? B. high dissolved-oxygen levels in the
A. The cold air above the Gulf Stream gets lake
blown toward Cleveland. C. cold water temperature of the lake
B. The warm air above the Labrador Cur- D. high turbidity levels in the lake
rent gets blown towards England. Explanation:many varieties of fish in the
C. The cool air above the Labrador Cur- lake is a sign of “healthy” waterhigh
rent gets blown towards Cleveland. dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake is a
sign of “healthy” water cold water tem-
D. The warm air above the Gulf Stream perature of the lake is a sign of “healthy”
gets blown towards the shores of Eng- water high turbidity (mud/dirt) levels in
land. the lake is a sign of “unhealthy” water
7749. What is the greenhouse effect? 7753. According to the graph, which layer gets
the hottest?
A. warming of the earth due to gases in

our atmosphere.
B. cooling of the earth due to gases in our
atmosphere
7750. The process in which liquid water be-

comes water vapor A. Troposphere

1.1 HYDROLOGY 887
B. Stratosphere B. ends
C. Mesosphere C. slows

D. Thermosphere D. speeds up
7754. When the temperature drops, water va- 7758. What is a tall wall built along the near
por will develop into water. This water edge of a beach?
will gather in the sky and then fall down
to become
A. Rain
B. Fog
C. Wind
D. Rainbow
7755. Deep ocean currents are caused by the A. sea wall

rotation of the Earth.
B. jetty
A. True
C. dredging
B. False
D. barrier island
7756. As water moves downstream in a river,
7759. Compare and contrast surface currents
what is the relationship between the dis-
and deep currents
charge of the riv and the particle size that
can be transported by the river? A. Surface currents are caused by tem-
perature and deep currents are caused by
A. partical size decreases as discharge in-
density
creases
B. particle size increases as discharge in-
and deep currents are caused by density
creases
C. Surface currents are caused by wind
C. particle size remains the same no mat-
and deep currents are caused by earth-
ter the discharge rate
quakes
D. Discharge rate remains the same no D. Surface currents are caused by density
matter the particle size and deep currents are caused by wind
7757. The water cycle never The salt wa- 7760. Which of the following has the biggest
ter of the ocean supplies fresh water to effect on deep ocean currents?
the continents over and over again.
A. Tides and salinity
B. Temperature and wind
C. Tides and wind
7761. When in the water cycle does water

move between a living organism and an
abiotic resource?
A. sleeps A. precipitation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 888
B. evaporation B. The temperature increases (it gets

C. transpiration warmer)
D. condensation C. The temperature is constant (it

doesn’t change)
7762. Two thirds of the Earth’s fresh water is
D. none of above
stored where?
A. Oceans 7766. Refer to the diagram below of a stu-
dent’s lab setup of the water cycle. In this
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Seas
experiment, the total amount of water in-
C. Lakes side the container is measured at the be-
D. Ice ginning and then again after a full cycle has
occurred.Which of the following best pre-
7763. What is the major force of erosion along dicts the outcome of the experiment and
the coast? explains why?
A. Sand
B. Earthquakes
C. Waves
D. Rain
7764. Why are humans unable to access the

largest reservoir of freshwater?
A. This water is stored in our oceans.
A. The beginning amount of water in the
B. This water is held in the atmosphere.
container would be less than the ending
C. This water is stored underground. amount of water in the container because
D. This water is frozen in ice caps and the water evaporated, decreasing the wa-
glaciers. ter level.
7765. According to the image, what happens B. The beginning amount of water in the
to the temperature in the stratosphere as container would be more than ending
you increase in altitude? amount of water in the container because
the process of condensation increases the
water level.
cause the water that was evaporated in-
back as precipitation which decreased the
water level again
D. The beginning and ending amounts of
A. The temperature decreases (it gets back as precipitation which increased the
colder) water level again.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 889
7767. FORMS OF PRECIPITATION are B. drought.

A. Drizzle C. volcanic eruptions.

B. Glaze D. storms.
C. Sleet 7771. A process in which plants lose water
D. All of these through the stomata of the leaf is called
7768. What causes tides but NOT waves and

currents? A. precipitation
A. winds and the moon’s gravity B. condensation
B. mostly the moon’s gravitational pull C. evaporation

D. transpiration
C. mostly the sun’s gravity
D. only winds 7772. Landslides and tilting are forms of ero-
sion caused by this
7769. The largest of all oceans.
A. moraine
B. alluvial fan
C. gravity
D. delt
7773. Which property of water can be de-

scribed as the glue that water molecules
have for each other, or “water is attracted
to water”?
A. Atlantic Ocean
A. density
B. Arctic Ocean
B. specific heat
C. Pacific Ocean
C. adhesion
D. Indian Ocean
Explanation:When the explorer Ferdinand D. cohesion
Magellan visited Earth’s biggest ocean 7774. is the process by which humans re-
in 1520, he found the waters pleasantly trieve eroded sand from underwater and
calm. And that’s why-to this day-most peo- place it back on the shoreline.
ple call it the Pacific Ocean, as “pacific” is
a synonym for “peaceful.” A. Beach nourishment
B. Sediment retrieval
7770. Most water pollution is the result of
C. Beach replenishment
D. Shoreline nourishment
7775. what is the definition of a wave

A. transfer of water
B. transfer of wind
C. transfer of energy
A. human activities. D. transfer of milk

1.1 HYDROLOGY 890
7776. precipitation 7781. When high tides and low tides are at
A. any form of water that falls to Earth’s their most extreme, they are said to be
surface from the clouds
B. the change of state from a gas to a liq- A. bottom tides
uid B. spring tides
C. the process by which plants release C. neap tides
water vapor into the air through stomata; D. trench tides
NARAYAN CHANGDER
also the release of water vapor into the
air by other organisms 7782. Which is false about desalination
D. the change of state from a liquid to a A. It is extremely expensive
gas that usually occurs at the surface of a
B. We lack the technology
liquid over a wide range of temperatures
C. The ratio of drinking water from salt
7777. It is the primary connection in the wa- water is 1 gallon fresh to 2 gallons salt
ter cycle that provides for the delivery of
D. Excess salt discharge can change the
atmospheric water to the Earth
marine environment
A. Evaporation
7783. Extra Credi Na is the symbol for
B. Transpiration
A. Nathurium
C. Evapotranspiration
B. sodium
D. Precipitation
C. nitrogen
7778. What part of the ocean as the highest
D. potassium
salinity?
A. near the shore 7784. Which type of air mass is warm and
moist?
B. the surface
A. Continental Polar
C. the deepest part
B. Continental Tropical
D. in the middle
C. Maritime Tropical
D. Maritime Polar
water located?
A. Rivers 7785. The extended part of each continent
that is under water.
B. Lakes
A. trench
C. Ground water
B. guyot
D. Glaciers
7780. Most of Earth’s fresh water is found D. volcanic island
A. Frozen in glaciers
7786. How does the water cycle influence
B. Underground cloud formation?
C. In the Great Lakes A. Evaporation and then condensation
D. In Oceans create clouds

1.1 HYDROLOGY 891
B. The sun carries water vapor into a 7792. Which consequence could an exponen-
cloud where they slide tially growing human population have on
drinkable water?

C. Transpiration and precipitation cause
clouds to form A. it could cause a decrease in the
amount of waste and pollutants in the wa-
D. it caused infiltration then clouds form
ter
7787. what causes wave B. it could cause an increase in the
A. sun amount of water available for the popula-
tion
B. moon
C. it coould cause an increase in cases of
C. tides waterborne diseases
D. wind D. it could cause a decrease in needing
water for survival
7788. Groundwater releases into a surface
water source at a zone, while surface 7793. is the process by which water on the
water enters a groundwater supply at a ground surface enters the soil.
zone. A. Infiltration
A. discharge, recharge B. Percolation
B. recharge, discharge C. Deposition
7789. The spinning of the Earth on its axis D. Condensation
A. Rotation 7794. Which of the following statements is

true?
B. Revolution
A. Pressure and temperature both de-
C. Orbit
crease with depth
D. Inertia
B. Temperature and pressure both in-
7790. What is the process of water evaporat- crease with depth
ing from plants and leaves? C. Temperature decreases and pressure
increases with depth
A. condensation
D. Temperature increases and pressure
B. transpiration
decreases with depth
C. infiltration
7795. is the daily rise and fall of waters
D. precipitation along the coastline.
7791. An embankment built along the shore to A. current
protect inland areas from powerful waves B. tide
is known as a
C. wave
A. baymouth bar
D. wind
B. groin
7796. What BEST explains the relationship be-
C. jetty
tween water stored in the ocean and wa-
D. seawall ter stored in groundwater?

1.1 HYDROLOGY 892
A. water stored in groundwater enters 7799. A large stream of water that flows
the ocean directly as discharge but ocean through the oceans
water does not enter groundwater A. ocean current
B. water stored in the ocean remains sep- B. The boy
arate from water stored in groundwater,
C. climate
and the two do not interact
D. wave length
C. water from the ocean enters ground-
water directly through the soil by infiltra- 7800. Renewable or Non-renewable:Trees?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Renewable
ocean water
B. Non-renewable
D. water from the ocean evaporates, con-
denses, and precipitates into groundwa- 7801. Which is formed when a section of
ter through the soil by infiltration, but impermeable rock forces groundwater to
groundwater enters the ocean directly by move laterally and emerge on the surface
the coast of the Earth?
7797. Why can a water strider walk on the A. A spring

surface of water? B. An aquifer
A. water is polar, and its adhesiveness C. A geyser
causes high surface tension D. A well
B. water is nonpolar, and its adhesive- 7802. What is Salinity?
ness causes high surface tension
A. The amount of Carbon Dioxide in the
C. water is nonpolar, and its cohesive- water
ness causes high surface tension
B. The temperature of the water
D. water is polar, and its cohesiveness
causes high surface tension C. The amount of dissolved salts in the
water
7798. Flooding occurs D. The density of the water
7803. In which location would fishermen most
likely catch a greater number of fish?
A. at the shoreline
B. in an upwelling
C. in the intertidal zone
A. When a severe storm brings heavy pre- D. on the deep-ocean floor
cipitation and water runs off the land sur-
face 7804. After precipitation occurs, water that
does not run off into the hydrosphere can
B. When impervious surfaces (ex. con-
be stored as ?
crete parking lots, roofs, etc.) impede wa-
ter from infiltrating the ground A. Ground Water
C. After a lag time of the precipitation B. Evaporation
event (it is not instantaneous) C. Condensation
D. All answers are correct D. Snow

1.1 HYDROLOGY 893
7805. the release of water from plants 7809. Look at the diagram below. Which step
A. evaporation in the water cycle is #2?

B. infiltration
C. condensation
D. transpiration
7806. A molecule that has electrically charged
areas.
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
E. Collection
A. Polar Molecule 7810. As you rise further in the atmosphere,
B. Adhesion air pressure
C. Cohesion A. increases
D. Surface Tension B. decreases
7807. In which course is the source of the river C. does not change
located? D. first increases, then decreases
7811. How do hurricanes that bring a lot of

rain to the Coastal Plain most negatively
affect local water availability?
A. Rain can cause lawns and fields to be
saturated with water.
B. Rain can fill local lakes and reservoirs
A. Upper Course past their flood stages.
B. Middle Course C. Rain can cause major erosion in areas

not covered by grasses and trees.
C. Lower Course
D. Rain can cause sewage and other con-
D. none of above
taminants to enter the local water supply.
7808. Which of the following conditions is
likely to lead to a flood? 7812. The change from a gas to a liquid
A. High soil permeability A. transpiration

B. Low precipitation B. evaporation
C. Low water table C. water vapor
D. High water table D. Condensation

1.1 HYDROLOGY 894
7813. I need to wear a sweater and long pants 7818. Ridges, tectonic plates boundaries, and
today. hydrothermal vents are physical features
A. Winter found on our planet. Where are these fea-
tures found most often?
B. Climate
A. in the middle of huge lakes
7814. What percentage of the water on Earth B. around the edges of the deserts
is fresh water? / ¿Qué porcentaje del
agua de la Tierra es agua dulce? C. at the bottoms of Earth’s oceans
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. 97% D. on top of mountains and continents
B. 3% 7819. Which allows scientists to investigate
C. 1% what Earth’s climate was like over the
past 740, 000 years? A volcanic deposits
D. 2%
B fossils C faults D ice cores
7815. What is adhesion? A. Volcanic deposits
A. when water sticks to other things B. Fossils
B. when water sticks to itself C. Faults
C. a deep ocean current driven by heat D. Ice Cores
D. when water evaporates
7820. Which number represents the Gulf
7816. Global Warming will have the most im- Stream Current?
pact on this ocean; the changes here will
impact the entire planet.
A. 1
B. 2
A. Atlantic Ocean C. 3
B. Arctic Ocean D. 4
C. Pacific Ocean E. 5
D. Indian Ocean
7821. A deep valley along the ocean floor
7817. Which term includes rain, hail, snow and where oceanic crust sinks down toward
sleet? the mantle (subduction)(convergent)
A. condensation A. Deep Ocean Trench
B. evaporation B. Mid-Ocean Ridge
C. sublimation C. Ocean Current
D. precipitation D. Tide

1.1 HYDROLOGY 895
7822. Fresh water percentage, which is only a B. the earth

minor part of total water and is primarily C. water
kept in ice

D. the moon
A. 0.015
B. 0.02 7827. “molecules lose energy and condense”
C. 0.03 A. evaporation
D. 0.025 B. condensation
7823. At some depth, the water reaches a 7828. Heat energy from the warms the
level where the pores in the ground are surface of a body of water and causes wa-
saturated with water, called the ter to evaporate.
A. moon
B. ocean
C. sun
D. clouds
7829. Horseplay, jokes, and pranks are appro-

priate in the science classroom at any time.
A. saturated zone
B. unsaturated zone
7824. How are aquifers used by humans?

A. they are used to contain water for fu-
ture generations
B. they are used as wells for clean drink-
ing water
C. they are used to hold pollution to keep
it from entering clean water used for A. True
drinking B. False
D. they are used as habitats for fish
7830. In the diagram, letter C best represents:
7825. Description of deep currents in the ocean
A. Warm, Slow, and More Dense
B. Warm, Fast, and Less Dense
C. Cold, Slow and More Dense
D. Cold, Fast, and Less Dense
7826. What is the energy source for the water

cycle?
A. the sun A. Unconfined Aquifer

1.1 HYDROLOGY 896
B. Confining Layer 7835. How much salt water is in the world

C. Confined Aquifer A. 99
D. Recharge Zone B. 98
C. 97
7831. Two conditions are required for cloud
formation:cooling of the air and D. 96
A. the absorption of infrared energy. 7836. Which accurately compares river basins
and watersheds?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. the unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
A. A river basin consists of many water-
C. the presence of particles in the air. sheds that all drain into it.
D. the influence of the Coriolis effect. B. A watershed consists of many river
basins that all drain into it.
C. River basin and watershed are terms
that have the same meaning.
D. Some areas are drained by river
basins and others are drained by water-
sheds.
7837. As density increase what happens to
salinity?
A. Gulf of California
A. salinity increases
B. Gulf of Alaska
B. salinity decreases
C. Gulf of Florida C. salinity remains constant
D. Gulf of Mexico D. none of above
7833. Condensation happens when water va- 7838. What happens to the temperture and
por cools and turns back into a pressure as you descend to the bottom of
A. solid the ocean?
B. liquid A. temperature increases and pressure

decreases
C. gas
B. temperature decreases and pressure
D. none increases
7834. Put the Earth’s water sources in order C. temperature and pressure increase
from GREATEST to LEAST. D. temperature and pressure decrease
A. Water Vapor, Lakes and Rivers, 7839. Why would a community that has suf-
Groundwater, Glaciers, Oceans fered a drought hope for lots of snow over
B. Oceans, Glaciers, Groundwater, Lakes the winter?
and Rivers, Water Vapor
C. Oceans, Lakes and Rivers, Glaciers,
Oceans, Water Vapor
D. Lakes and Rivers, Oceans, Water Va-
por, Groundwater, Glaciers

1.1 HYDROLOGY 897
A. Snow will prevent the wells from pump- 7843. What is an aquifer?
ing air into the water lines’ A. An underground river

B. When the snow melts, it will replenish B. Rocks that hold and transport water
the underground water levels.
C. Surface features that hold water
C. People need less water because snow D. A meandering stream
causes colder temperatures outside.
7844. What do aquifers and reservoirs have in
D. People can collect the snow, melt and
common?
purify it, and use the water in their homes.
A. They’re both underground.
7840. Please identify the type of fossil that B. They are both made of rock
you see here.
C. They are both man made
D. They’re both filled with fresh water.
7845. Which best describes freshwater on
Earth?
A. About half of Earth’s freshwater is con-
sidered polluted.
B. Most of Earth’s freshwater is stored in
rivers or streams
A. trace fossil
C. About two thirds of Earth’s freshwater
B. mold and cast is in the ocean.
C. petrified fossil D. Most of Earth’s freshwater is stored in
ice caps and glaciers.
D. unaltered remains
7846. Place the following in order from largest
E. carbon film
amount of water found on Earth to thes-
7841. The process of excessive nutrient input mallest
and subsequent plant and algae growth is A. glaciers and ice caps, groundwater,
called ocean
A. decomposition B. ocean, glaciers and ice caps, ground-
water
B. eutrophication
C. groundwater, glacier and ice caps, and
C. photosynthesis ocean
D. succession D. lakes, oceans, atmosphere, glaciers
and ice caps
7842. is a condition of Earth’s atmosphere
at any time. 7847. What size particle has the greatest per-
meability
A. weather
A. small
B. air pressure B. medium
C. ozone C. large
D. rain D. size doesn’t affect this

1.1 HYDROLOGY 898
7848. The difference between sleet and hail is 7853. What influences the energy within a
A. both b and c. moving body of water?
B. the size of the ice pellets. A. How much water is moving

C. where the ice pellets formed. B. The rate (velocity) in which the water
D. the temperature of the ice pellets. is moving
C. The size of the moving body of water
7849. What percent of Earth’s freshwater is
available for humans to use?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The temperature of the moving body of
A. less than 1 water
B. 97 7854. Underground layers of sand, gravel and

C. 3 rock that contain water.
D. 79 A. River
7850. Cities closer to water most likely will be B. Aquifer
A. more dry C. Lake
B. more humid D. Stream
C. hotter
D. none of above 7855. Review this illustration of an ocean cur-
rentWhat is the name of this current
7851. The is the driving force of the Earth’s
weather.
A. sun
B. moon
C. stars
D. none of above
7852. The figure below shows how water is

distributed on Earth. Which of the fol- A. Labrador Current
lowing contains the largest percentage of
Earth’s fresh water? B. North Atlantic Drift
C. Gulf Stream Current
D. North Equatorial Current
7856. Small streams or rivers that flow to-

gether to make a larger stream or river
are
A. aquifers
A. lakes
B. groundwater B. basins
C. glaciers and ice caps C. meanders

D. ground ice and permafrost D. tributaries

1.1 HYDROLOGY 899
7857. The Mississippi River is an example of 7861. Through the process of clouds are
a high body of water. formed in the atmosphere.
A. Turbidity

A. Turbidity
B. Infiltration B. Infiltration
C. Condensation
C. Condensation
D. Transpiration
D. Transpiration
E. Evaporation
E. Evaporation
7862. What two factors affect the density of
7858. Surface ocean currents such as the Gulf water?
Stream A. temperature and pressure
A. move more water than all of the B. pressure and salinity
Earth’s rivers C. salinity and temperature
B. bring warm water to Europe D. temperature only
C. move water from the equator to higher 7863. Which of the following shows a good
latitudes way to conserve water.
D. All of the above A. Use hose to wash car.
B. Wash only few clothes at one time
7859. creates surface currents that move C. Reuse water to water plants.
water from the equator towards the poles.
D. Brush teeth with water always run-
ning.
7864. What phases does the moon have to be
in for a spring tide to occur?
A. full moon and new moon
B. first and full moon
C. 1st and 3rd quarter
D. new moon and 1st
A. upwelling
7865. What is sublimation?
B. wind A. gas > solid
C. deep current B. water > gas
D. crest C. solid > gas
D. solid > water
7860. How many tides (high and low) happen
in 1 day (24 hours) 7866. Currents spin in the southern hemi-
sphere.
A. 2
A. clockwise
B. 4 B. counter clockwise
C. 6 C. straight
D. 8 D. .

1.1 HYDROLOGY 900
7867. This ocean has the infamous Ring of B. Cohesion

Fire is about 24, 900 miles (40, 000 kilo- C. Adhesion
meters) long and is where most of the
world’s earthquakes and volcanic events D. Surface Water
occur. 7871. Explain the concept of water scarcity
and its impact on water distribution.
A. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient
available water resources to meet the de-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
mands of water usage within a region,
leading to unequal distribution of water.
B. Water scarcity is the lack of available
water resources to meet the demands of
water usage within a region, leading to
A. Atlantic Ocean
equal distribution of water.
B. Arctic Ocean
C. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient
C. Pacific Ocean available water resources to meet the de-
D. Indian Ocean mands of water usage within a region,
Explanation:There’s a vast loop of vol- leading to excessive distribution of water.
canoes, trenches and seismically active D. Water scarcity is the abundance of
places running through and around the Pa- available water resources to meet the de-
cific. This would be the (in)famous “Ring mands of water usage within a region,
of Fire.” About 24, 900 miles (40, 000 leading to equal distribution of water.
kilometers) long, it’s where most of the
world’s earthquakes and volcanic events 7872. The image is a model showing the pro-
take place. cesses of the water cycle. Water uptake
to the atmosphere occurs through the pro-
7868. The amount of salt dissolved in the cesses of evaporation and transpiration
ocean is known as from plants where it condenses to form
A. Gas clouds. Clouds release the water through
precipitation. During a summer of extreme
B. Density
drought, what can we expect to happen to
C. Temperature the surface ground water stored in ponds
D. Salinity and lakes?
7869. Most water on Earth evaporates from

where?
A. oceans
B. lakes
C. rivers
D. glaciers
A. water levels will increase because
7870. sticking to one another, quality of wa- there is more precipitation
ter B. animals won’t drink as much to save
A. Polarity water, so water levels remain the same

1.1 HYDROLOGY 901
C. water levels will increase because 7877. A volcanic mountain that rises above the
there is more evaporation and transpira- surface of the water is called
tion

A. trench
D. water levels will decrease because
B. island
there is more evaporation and transpira-
tion C. mid-ocean ridge
7873. The process when plants release water D. seamount

vapor from their leaves is called
7878. Temperature and salinity variations in
A. precipitation ocean water cause:
B. evaporation A. Mid-ocean ridges
C. transpiration B. Horizontal and vertical ocean currents
D. condensation
C. Refraction of ocean waves
7874. When energy levels drop in a river, D. Ebb and flow of the tides
which type of sediments are deposited
first? 7879. As ocean waves approach the shore, the
A. Large, heavy sediments top curls over and crashes into the sand.
What do we call theses waves?
B. Small, very fine sediments
A. breakers
C. Sand/silt sediments
B. rip tides
D. Pebbles and small rocks
C. longshore currents
7875. Where you will find the ozone layer.
D. tsunamis
A. stratosphere
B. thermosphere 7880. The amount of light you see on the moon
as it goes around the Earth
C. exosphere
D. mesosphere A. Spring Tides
B. Neap Tides
7876. Dew also forms directly onto items, as
water droplets. What part of the water C. Moon Phases
cycle is this? D. Eclipses
7881. As a wave transfers energy, water par-

ticles do what?
A. stay essentially in the same place,
moving up and down.
B. move in the same direction as the
wave.
A. run-off
C. move in the opposite direction from
B. condensation the wave.
C. evaporation D. water particles are not affected by en-
D. precipitation ergy transfer in waves.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 902
7882. Which zone of an aquifer holds the wa- 7887. The names of the oceans are Southern,
ter? Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and
A. The zone of saturation A. Charleston Beach
B. The zone of aeration B. Pacific
C. The twilight zone C. Myrtle Beach
D. The zone of porosity D. the lake
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7883. The thermohaline current flows be-
salt water?
cause:/ La corriente termohalina fluye
porque: A. 55
A. Warm water rises, cool water sinks B. 71
B. warm water is more dense C. 84

D. 97
C. cool water is less dense
D. none of above 7889. Which of the following is the cup in the
pictureNOT modeling?
7884. Describe surface currents.
A. Currents that occur on the surface of
the water.
B. Currents caused by prevailing winds.
C. Currents caused by water molecules
moving in a circular pattern.
D. Both A & B
A. condensation caused by cooled water
7885. water is a polar molecule meaning it has B. clouds
opposite charges on opposite ends. This
C. the heat produced by the Sun
causes hydrogen bonds to form causing
water to stick together. D. rainfall
A. Polarity 7890. As you dive down into the ocean tem-
B. Adhesion perature and pressure
A. decreases, increases
C. Potable
B. increases, decreases
D. Groundwater
E. Permeable 7891. If the overall temperature of Earth’s
oceans increases significantly, what would
7886. What is the measure of the force of the happen to the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
gases (air) pushing down on the Earth’s in the atmosphere?
surface called? A. They would decrease because CO2
A. temperature would be absorbed into the ocean from
the atmosphere.
B. gravity
B. They would increase because CO2
C. atmosphere would be released from the ocean into the
D. air pressure atmosphere.

1.1 HYDROLOGY 903
C. They would decrease because CO2 A. solid

would be released from the ocean to the B. liquid
atmosphere.

C. gas
D. They would increase because CO2
D. plasma
would be absorbed into the ocean from
the atmosphere. 7897. A climate event that occurs every two
to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, during
7892. Which of these is NOT a factor in deter- which winds shift and push warm water
mining climate? toward the coast of South America.
A. Topography A. The Gulf Stream
B. Elevation B. Coriolis Effect
C. Astrology C. The boy
D. Closeness to mountains D. Climate
7893. What percentage of the Earth is covered 7898. What type of heat transfer is the move-
by water? ment of a heated fluid (liquid or gas)
A. 30% where warm, less dense air rises and cold,
more dense air sinks?
B. 70%
A. conduction
C. 97%
B. convection
D. 3%
C. radiation
7894. The continuous chain of underwater D. none of above
mountains is called?
A. Trench
B. Mid ocean ridge
C. Abyssal plain
D. Volcanic island
7895. The mass curve of rainfall of a storm is

A. Africa
a plot of
B. South America
A. rainfall depths for various equal dura-
tions plotted in decreasing order C. Australia
B. rainfall intensity vs. time in chronolog- D. Europe
ical order 7900. A process that occurs when less-dense
C. accumulated rainfall intensity vs. time surface water is drawn away from shore
by currents and is replaces by cold, denser,
D. accumulated precipitation vs. time in
more nutrient-rich water from below.
chronological order.
A. watershed
7896. What state of matter has a fixed vol-
B. potability
ume and NO fixed shape? This means
that the shape can change, but the amount C. upwelling
stays the same. D. salinity

1.1 HYDROLOGY 904
7901. When water goes from liquid at Earth’s 7905. What is an abyssal plain?
surface to vapor in Earth’s atmosphere, A. A smooth, flat area on the ocean
that is called
B. Mountains that reach the ocean sur-
A. condensation face
B. precipitation C. Gently sloping, shallow area
C. evaporation D. At the edge of the shelf, the ocean floor
drops down an incline
D. transpiration
NARAYAN CHANGDER
7906. In convection, WARM
the water found in the deep currents of A. Rises
the Atlantic Ocean? B. Sinks
A. cold with high salinity 7907. The Gulf Stream Current will help you
B. cold with low salinity get to what continent?
C. warm with high salinity

D. warm with low salinity
7903. What effect does a fresh water river

that flows into the ocean have on the salin-
ity of the ocean?
A. the salinity stays the same
A. Europe
B. the salinity increases
B. South America
C. the salinity decreases
C. Central America
D. It depends on the temperature
D. South Africa
7904. What percentage of all the water on
7908. Groundwater is located below the wa-
Earth is salt water
terline in the zone
A. 97 A. Unsaturated
B. 75 B. Infiltration
C. 3 C. Saturation
D. less than 1 D. Percolation

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35. The 2 most abundant gases in the atmo-

41. Cause of deep ocean currents

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