POLICE OFFICER'S CREED AND STANDS ON 2.

Career Management, the Key to

BASIC ISSUES Professionalism
The Proper implementation of the PNP's Career
The PNP Core Values Management will significantly enhance the
The police service is a noble profession which personnel professionalization process with
demands from its member's specialized regards to procurement, training, promotion,
knowledge and skills, as well as high standards of assignment, placement, awards and retirement.
ethics and morality. Hence, the members of the The PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and
PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring strictly implement the human resources
core values of; development system, compatible to the equitable
Love of God distribution of procurement, fair promotion,
Respect for authority rationalized approach in the assignment, skill
Selfless love and service for people development, the immediate grant of reward and
Sanctity of marriage and family life award, and decent living upon retirement.
Responsible dominion and stewardship over
material things 3. Police Management Leadership
Truthfulness The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective
The Police Officer's Creed of the managerial capabilities and competent
I believe in God, The Supreme Being, The Great leadership of the men.and women who run the
Provider, and The Creator of all men and PNP organization. These attributes must,
everything dear to me. In return, I can do no less therefore, be one of the primary bases for
than love Him above all obeying His word, seek consideration in the selection of personnel for
His guidance in the performance of my sworn employment and deployment purposes.
duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I 4. Equality in the Service
respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of There shall be judicious and equitable
the land and the applicable rules and regulations. distribution of opportunity to prove one's worth
I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the in the police service. The problem on inequity
leadership and obey the legal orders of my thru class orientation and factionalism, both real
superior officers. and perceived, premised on favored assignment,
I believe in selfless love and service to people. the inequitable opportunity of training, unfair
Towards this end I commit myself to the service granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of
of my fellowmen over and above my interest.I achievements, will create an atmosphere of
believe in the sanctity of marriage and family life. demoralization. The result is inefficiency and lack
I shall set the example of decency and morality, of teamwork to the detriment of the organization.
shall have high regard for family life and the It behooves. Therefore, the PNP leadership
value of marital fidelity. address the situation. The civilian character of
I believe in the responsible dominion and the organization requires adherence to the rule
stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit on merit and fitness system and to dissociate the
myself from extravagance and ostentatious above process from class orientation and
display of material things. I shall help protect the factionalism.
environment and conserve nature to maintain
ecological balance. 5. Delicadeza
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be In consonance with the requirements of honor
trustworthy, and I shall uphold the truth at all and integrity in the PNP, all members must have
times. the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in
PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES keeping with the time-honored principle of
The deployment and employment of PNP delicadeza.
personnel require the organization and its
members to bare their stand on the following 6. Police Lifestyle
basic issues: The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle
for its members which the public will find
1. PNP Image credible and respectable. The public expects a
The image of any organization affects the esprit police officer to live a simple and dignified life.
d' corps, morale, and welfare of the members, They must be free from greed corruption and
and sense of pride to the organization. Thus, all exploitation.
members of the PNP should act in a manner that
would reflect best on the PNP and live by the 7. Political Patronage
PNP's core values. PNP members shall inhibit themselves from
soliciting political patronage on matters about
the assignment, award, training, and promotion.
8. Setting Example recommendation from politicians, high ranking
All PNP members shall set a good example to government officials prominent citizens, persons
their subordinates and follow a good example affiliated with civic or religious organizations
from the superiors. with regards to their assignments, promotions,
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL transfer or those of other members of the force,
STANDARDS nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared
Standard of Police Professionalism and presented by citizens in their behalf.
PNP members shall perform their duties with Moreover, they shall advise their immediate
integrity, intelligence, and competence in the relatives not to interfere in the activities of the
application of specialized skills and technical police service particularly in the assignment and
knowledge with excellence and expertise. reassignment of personnel.

1. Commitment to Democracy 8.Proper Care and Use of Public Property

Uniformed PNP members shall commit PNP members shall promote and maintain the
themselves to the democratic way of life and sense of responsibility in the protection, proper
values and maintain the principle of public care, and judicious disposition and use of public
accountability. They shall at all times uphold the property issued for their official use or entrusted
Constitution and be loyal to the country, people to their care and custody just like " a good father
and organization, above their loyalty to any of their family." When the Commander/Director
person. is relieved from his post, all
2. Commitment to Public Interest properties/equipment belonging to the
PNP members shall always uphold public interest government must be turned over to the incoming.
over and above personal interest. All government A committee for the purpose shall be proper.
properties, resources, and powers of their Hence, it is a taboo for outgoing
respective offices must be employed and used Commander/Director to detach, remove and
effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly bring home or to his new assignment properties
to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues. which do not personally belong to him.
PNP members must avoid and prevent the 9. Respect for Human Rights
"malversation" of human resources, government In the performance of duty, PNP members shall
time, property and funds. respect and protect human dignity and uphold
3. Non-Partisanship the human rights of all persons. No member shall
PNP members shall provide services to everyone inflict, instigate or tolerate extra- judicial killings,
without discrimination regardless of party arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or other cruel,
affiliation by existing laws and regulations. inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
4. Physical Fitness and Health and shall not invoke superior orders or
PNP members shall strive to be physically and exceptional circumstances such as a state-of-
mentally fit and in good health at all times. war, a threat to national security, internal
Toward this end, they shall undergo regular political instability or any public emergency as a
physical exercises and annual medical justification for committing such human rights
examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical violations.
facility, and actively participate in the Physical 10. Devotion to Duty
Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP members shall perform their duties with
PNP. dedication thoroughness, efficiency enthusiasm,
5. Secrecy Discipline determination, and manifest concern for public
PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of welfare, and shall refrain from engaging in any
classified information against unauthorized activity which shall be a conflict with their duties
disclosure, including confidential aspects of as public servants.
official business, special orders, communications, 11. Conservation of Natural Resources
and other documents roster or any portion PNP members shall help in the development and
thereof, contents of criminal records, identities of conservation of our natural resources for
persons who may have given information to the ecological balance and posterity as these are the
police in confidence and other classified inalienable heritage of our people.
information or intelligence material. 12. Discipline
6. Social Awareness PNP members shall conduct themselves properly
PNP members and their immediate family at all times in keeping with the rules and
members shall be encouraged to actively get regulations of the organization.
involved in religious, social and civic activities to 13. Loyalty
enhance the image of the organization without PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution
affecting their official duties. and the police service as manifested by their
7. Non-Solicitation of Patronage loyalty to their superior's peers and subordinates
PNP members shall seek self-improvement as well.
through career development and shall not 14. Obedience to Superiors
directly or indirectly solicit influence or
PNP members shall obey lawful orders of and be Once a decision is made, PNP members shall take
courteous to superior officers and other legitimate means to achieve the goal even in the
appropriate authorities within the chain of face of internal or external difficulties, and
command. They shall readily accept whenever despite anything which might weaken their
they are assigned anywhere in the country. resolve over time.
Therefore, it is taboo for any personnel to
petition in court or any public forum his CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
assignment. The PNP adopts the generally accepted customs
15. Command Responsibility and traditions based on the desirable practices of
Under the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, the police service. These shall serve to inspire
immediate Commanders/ Directors shall be PNP members as the organization endeavors to
responsible for the effective supervision, control, attain its goals and objectives.
and direction of their personnel and shall see to it
that all government resources shall be managed, Definition of Terms
expended or utilized following laws and 1. Customs - Established usage or social practices
regulations and safeguard against losses thru carried on by tradition that has obtained the
illegal or improper disposition. force of law.
2. Traditions - Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs,
THE ETHICAL STANDARDS and usages handed down from generation to
Ethical standards shall refer to established and generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
generally accepted moral values. Ethical acts to 3. Courtesy-A manifestation of the expression of
be observed are the following: consideration
1. Morality and respect for others.
PNP members shall adhere to high standards of 4. Ceremony - A formal act or set of formal acts
morality and decency and shall set good established by customs or authority as proper to
examples for others to follow. In no instance a special occasion.
during their terms of office, among other things. 5. Social Decorum - A set of norms and standards
shall they be involved as owners, operators, practiced by members during social activities and
managers or investors in any house of ill-repute other functions.
or illegal gambling den or other places devoted to
vices, nor they shall patronize such places unless POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
on official duty, and tolerate operations of such The following are customs on courtesy in the
establishments in their respective areas of PNP:
responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their 1. Salute - Salute is the usual greetings rendered
lawfully wedded spouses. by uniformed members upon meeting and
2. Judicious Use of Authority recognizing a person entitled to a salute.
PNP members shall exercise proper and 2. Salute to National Color and Standard -
legitimate use of authority in the Performance of Members stand at attention and salute the
duty. national color and standard as these pass by
3. Integrity them or when the national color is raised or
PNP members shall not allow themselves to be lowered during ceremonies.
victims of corruption and dishonest practices by 3. Address/Title - Junior in rank address senior
the provisions of RA 6713 and other applicable members who are entitled to salute with the
laws. word "Sir" or "Ma'am." All Police Commissioned
4. Justice Officers shall be addressed sir or ma'am by Police
PNP members shall constantly strive to respect Non-Commissioned Officers and Non- Uniformed
the rights of others so that they can fulfill their Personnel.
duties and exercise their rights as human beings, 4. Courtesy Calls - The following are the customs
parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or in on courtesy
other capacities and to see to it that others do calls:
likewise. 4.1. Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed
5. Humility Member-PNP members who are newly appointed
PNP members shall recognize the fact that they or assigned in a unit or command, called on the
are public servants and not the masters of the chief of the unit or command and other key
people and towards this end, they should perform personnel as a matter of courtesy, as well as for
their duties without attracting attention or accounting, orientation, and other purposes.
expecting the applause of others. 4.2. Christmas Call-PNP members pay a
6. Orderliness Christmas Call on their local executives in their
PNP members shall follow original procedures in respective areas of responsibility.
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to 4.3. New Year's Call - PNP members pay a New
minimize waste in the use of time, money and Year's call on their commanders and key officials
effort. in their respective areas of responsibility.
7. Perseverance
4.4. Promotion Call-Newly promoted PNP in dealing with people during social functions.
members call on their unit head. On this 13. Uniform/Appearance - The public looks upon
occasion, they are usually given due recognition a PNP member as distinctively a man among
and congratulations by their peers for such men. It is a welcome sight when PNP members
deserved accomplishment. wear their uniform properly wherever they may
4.5. Exit Call - PNP members pay an Exit Call on be. Bulging stomach is a taboo in the uniformed
their superiors in the unit or command when service. Since disciplined PNP members are best
relieved or reassigned out of the said unit or exemplified by those who are neat in appearance
command. and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must,
5. Courtesy of the Post - The host unit extend therefore, observe the following:
hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect 13.1. Wearing of prescribed uniform.
to the command or unit. 13.2. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules &
6. Rank Has -Its -Own Privilege (RHIP) - PNP regulations.
members recognize the practice that different 14. Manner of Walking- Every PNP Member is
ranks carry with them corresponding privileges. expected to walk with pride and dignity.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

1. Flag Raising Ceremony - PNP members honor 1. Visiting the Sick- Immediate commanders or
the flag by hoisting ii and singing the National other available officers of the unit visit PNP
Anthem before the start of the official day's work. Members who are sick in the hospital, their
2. Flag Lowering Ceremony - At the end of the residence or any place of confinement so that
official days' work, the PNP members pause for a their needs are attended to.
moment to salute the lowering of the flag. 2. Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased
3. Half-Mast - The flag is raised at half-mast in Members- A survivor officer is designated
deference to deceased uniformed members of the whenever PNP members die, to render the
command. maximum assistance to their bereaved family
4. Funeral Service and Honors - Departed until all benefits due shall have been received.
uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or 3. Visiting the Religious Leaders- PNP Officers
former PC/INP members are given vigil, visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment
necrological services, and graveside honors as a to establish or maintain rapport and cooperation
gesture of farewell. between the different religious leaders and the
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retirees - In PNP.
recognition of their long, faithful and honorable 4. Athletics PNP members indulge in physical
service to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be fitness activities to ensure that their proper
tendered in their honor. physical appearance and bearing are smaller than
6. Honor Ceremony - Arrival and departure honor the size of his chest and in conformity with the
ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, standard set forth by the organization.
VIPs, PNP Officers with the grade of Chief 5. Happy Hours- Usually on Friday or any other
Superintendent and above and AFP officers of day suitable for the occasion, PNP members
equivalent grade unless waived. gather together at their PNP club for light-
7. Turnover Ceremony-The relinquishment and hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.
assumption of command or key position are
publicly announced in a Turnover Ceremony by
the outgoing and incoming officers in the
presence of the immediate superior or his POLICE TRADITION
representative. Outgoing Commander/Director The following are police traditions:
should not leave his post without a proper 1. Spiritual Beliefs- PNP members are
turnover. Turn-over includes the turnover of traditionally religious and God-loving person.
properties/equipment, human and material They attend religious services together with the
resources. members of their family.
8. Wedding Ceremony - During the marriage of 2. Valor- History attests that the Filipino law
PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor
participants in uniform and swords drawn. in defending the country from aggression and
9. Anniversary - The birth or institutional oppression and protecting/preserving the life and
establishment of a command or unit is property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs
commemorated in an Anniversary Ceremony. and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom
10. Proper Attire PNP members always wear they have pledged to serve.
appropriate and proper attire in conformity with 3. Patriotism- The PNP members are traditionally
the occasion. patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of
11. Table Manners PNP members observe table country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag
etiquette at all times. and a vow to defend the constitution.
12. Social Graces-PNP members conduct 4. Discipline- The discipline of the PNP members
themselves properly is manifested
by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and high degree of responsibility required by their
thorough and spontaneous actions towards profession.
attainment of organizational objectives guided by b. In the performance of their duty, law
moral, ethical and legal norms. enforcement officials shall respect and protect
5. Gentlemanliness- PNP members are upright in human dignity and maintain and uphold the
character, gentle in manners, dignified in human rights of all persons.
appearance, and sincere in their concern to c. Law enforcement officials may use force only
fellowmen. when strictly necessary and to the extent
6. Word of Honor- PNP members' word is their required for the performance of their duty.
bond. They d. Matters of a confidential nature, in possession
stand by and commit to upholding it. of law enforcement officials shall be kept
7. Duty-PNP members have historically confidential unless the performance of duty or
exemplified themselves as dedicated public the needs of justice strictly require otherwise.
servants who perform their tasks with a deep e. No law enforcement official may inflict,
sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other
shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
country. punishment, nor may any law enforcement
8. Loyalty PNP members are traditionally loyal to official invoke superior order or exceptional
the organization, country, and people as borne by circumstances such as a state of war, a threat to
history and practice. national security, internal political instability or
9. Camaraderie The binding spirit that enhances any other public emergency as a justification of
teamwork torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
and cooperation in the police organization, treatment or punishment.
extending to the f. Law enforcement officials shall ensure the full
people they serve is manifested by the PNP protection of the health of persons in their
members' deep custody and, in particular, shall take immediate
commitment and concern for one another. action to secure medical attention whenever
required.
POLICE OFFICER'S PLEDGE (POP) PRINCIPLES g. Law enforcement officials shall not commit any
AND CONDUCT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT act of corruption. They shall also rigorously
OFFICIALS oppose and combat all such acts.
The Police Officer's Pledge h. Law enforcement officials shall respect the law
1. I will love and serve God, my country and and the present Code. They shall also, to the best
people; 2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey of their capability, prevent and rigorously oppose
legal orders of the duly constituted authorities; any violation of them.
3. I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard
of morality and professionalism; PNP ETHICAL DOCTRINE
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the Law enforcement officials who have reason to
police believe that a violation of the present the code
service; and has occurred or is about to occur shall report the
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as matter to their superior authorities and, where
an example necessary, to other appropriate authorities or
to others. organs vested with reviewing or remedial power.
Forum to Recite
The Police Officer's Pledge should be recited
during the following occasions: COMMITMENT
1. Flag raising and flag retreat ceremonies, jointly All PNP personnel shall take upon themselves
with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag that the intent and spirit of the PNP Ethical
(Panunumpa sa Watawat). Doctrine are honored and upheld at all times.
2. PNP Training/course opening and closing Hence, Directors, Chiefs, and Heads of
ceremonies. Offices/Stations shall set the example and be
3. Seminars on moral values internalization. responsible for the adherence to the PNP Ethical
4. Other ceremonies. Doctrine.
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT Furthermore, Priests/Minister/Imams of the PNP
OFFICIALS This Code of Conduct for Law Chaplain Service, while setting the example, shall
Enforcement Officials was adopted actively participate in enhancing the
by United Nations General Assembly Resolution internalization of the PNP Ethical Doctrine.
34/169 of 17 Dec 1979. Likewise, all members of the PNP shall take an
a. The law enforcement official shall at all times oath that they shall commit themselves to the
fulfill the duty imposed upon them by law, by PNP Ethical Doctrine. The oath of commitment
serving the community and by protecting all shall be done upon entry into the PNP, upon
persons against illegal acts, consistent with the promotion to the next higher rank and
assumption of office/position. It is also required
that all PNP members (uniformed or non- willing assistance of the public in the task of
uniformed) shall execute a Pledge of Covenant to securing observance of the law.
adhere to the PNP Ethical Doctrine.
The penalties for the commission of 4. To recognize that when the community
acts/practices in violation of the PNP Ethical cooperates and assists the police, it diminishes
Doctrine shall be by the Revised Penal Code, RA the need for the use of physical force and
6713, RA 3019 and other specials laws. For acts compulsion in achieving law enforcement
or omissions which merely require administrative objectives proportionately.
sanctions, the applicable punishments as 5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by
provided for the rules and regulations soliciting public opinion, but by constant
promulgated by the PNP, NAPOLCOM, Civil demonstration of impartiality by ready offering of
Service Commission and DILG shall be applied.be individual service and congeniality to all
developed in promoting peace and order, members of the community without regards to
ensuring public safety and enhancing community their wealth, friendship, social standing and race;
participation guided by the principle that a public and by ready offering of individual sacrifice and
office is a public trust and that all public servants to some extent the sacrifice of relatives.
must, at all times, be accountable to the people.
They shall serve with utmost responsibility, 6. To use physical force only when the exercise of
integrity, morality, loyalty, and efficiency with persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be
due respect to human rights and dignity as the insufficient in the pursuit of law observance or to
hallmark of a democratic society. They shall, at restore order, and shall resort only to the
all times, support and uphold the Constitution, minimum degree of physical force necessary on
bear faithful allegiance to the Constitution, bear any particular occasion in achieving law
faithful allegiance to the legitimate government, enforcement objectives.
respect the duly constituted authority and be
loyal to the police service. 7. To constantly maintain a wholesome
relationship with
Forum to Recite the community that gives reality to the historic
The Police Officer's Pledge should be recited tradition
during the following occasions: that the police is the people and the people is the
1. Flag raising and flag retreat ceremonies, jointly police;
with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag police officers are members of the community
(Panunumpa sa Watawat). who are paid to render public safety services due
upon every citizen, endearing the principle that a
2. PNP Training/course opening and closing public office is a public trust.
ceremonies.
8. To recognize the need for strict adherence to
3. Seminars on moral values internalization. the law, refrain from usurping the powers and
authority of the judiciary in avenging individuals,
4. Other ceremonies. judging guilt and punishing the guilty.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 9. To recognize that the test of police efficiency is

The rigid application of fundamental principles in the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible
police work is evidence of law enforcement action in dealing
necessary to avoid human rights violation and crime and disorder; enshrine the principle that
maintain the respect of crime prevention is better than crime solution;
the profession. Thus, PNP members have the measure is better than countermeasure.
following responsibilities:
1. To prevent and control crime, disorder, and 10. To recognize that the test of law enforcement
oppression by influential/political groups, integrity is the presence of personal moral
abusive soldiers and policemen, tyrannical responsibility exemplified by virtuous behavior
policemen and decadent society. and noncompromising law enforcement officer.

2. To recognize that the fulfillment of its 11. To recognize that the achievement of a
functions is dependent upon community approval professional service depends principally upon the
of its existence and on its ability to obtain and constant development of police education and
maintain responsive support and participative training, research and planning and exercise.
cooperation.
12. To recognize that the stability of the republic,
3. To recognize that to secure and maintain the the continuity of sovereignty and strength of
approval, support and cooperation of the public, democracy depends upon a police organization
it has a collateral responsibility of securing the that is constantly aware of the sensitive balance
between individual freedom and collective
security; ever-alert to the dangers of extra-legal 5. DETERMINATION - a person possesses
or immoral procedures; and never compromise qualities of perseverance, patience, and strength
principle in favor of evil means to attain the good to cope with obstacles, difficulties, and trials.
ends.
6. SERVICE - performing duties or work for
13. To recognize the ever magnificent principle: another, a person or an institution that brings
Love God, honor the government and respect about benefits and results.
people.

14. To recognize that "the people are the peace SIGNIFICANCE OF ETHICS AND VALUES IN
maker, the police is the peace keeper, and the POLICE WORK
local government is the peace preserver." If he Immense Powers of the Police
goes beyond and above of his role, he must A clear understanding of ethics is required for
observe the three (3) C's in internal and external individuals exercising or wielding immense
relations-consult, coordinate and cooperate. powers and responsibilities. A police officer is one
of these individuals who have a tremendous
oath that they shall commit themselves to the impact over the lives of ordinary citizens,
PNP Ethical Doctrine. The oath of commitment whether he is conscious of this fact or not.
shall be done upon entry into the PNP, upon It can be said that in our system of criminal
promotion to the next higher rank and justice, the initial decision makers are the police.
assumption of office/position. It is also required In addition to being the enforcers of the law, they
that all PNP members (uniformed or non- have the power to define what constitutes
uniformed) shall execute a Pledge of Covenant to lawbreaking. In short, police officers have a lot of
adhere to the PNP Ethical Doctrine. discretionary powers. For example, they often
The penalties for the commission of have the choice to arrest or not to arrest or to
acts/practices in violation of the PNP Ethical mediate or to charge. Furthermore, they possess
Doctrine shall be by the Revised Penal Code, RA the power to decide whether or not to use deadly
6713, RA 3019 and other specials laws. For acts force, giving them the power of life and death in
or omissions which merely require administrative some circumstances. No other public figure
sanctions, the applicable punishments as possesses greater authority over the personal
provided for the rules and regulations destiny of people. A police officer, in one split
promulgated by the PNP, NAPOLCOM, Civil second, may act as prosecutor, judge, and
Service Commission and DILG shall be applied. executioner. In many day-to-day decisions, police
hold a great deal of decision-making power over
PNP ETHICS AND VALUES FORMATION people's lives, because of their authority to
"I think many in the PNP already know what their enforce the law.
values should be, though they may disagree on Without an ethical perspective, a police officer
the importance they assign these values. But it is becomes a tyrant The tendency to abuse his
one thing to profess ethical behavior, and power over citizens increases exponentially the
another thing to live by them. I think their main weaker his moral foundations become. It has
problem is that there is a large gap between the well- documented throughout the history of the
ethics they claim to believe in and the values that world that power corrupts, and that absolute
guide their actions." power corrupts absolutely. It is the absence of
-Sociologist Randy David this ethical perspective which has been deemed
as the primary reason why cases of police
misconduct are still occurring in the PNP.
Only a strong moral base will provide officer
THE SIX (6) CORE WORK VALUES protection from the inherent corruption his
1. INDUSTRIOUSNESS- what a person wants to, discretionary powers brings. Without this moral
looks for, keeps busy and strives to work well. guidance, law enforcers become the oppressors
of the people they are supposed to serve and
2. SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY - what a person protect.
does is dependent on him, and he puts his will
and intellect to his job (creativity/initiative) and The Social Contract
is held accountable for it. The police officers must display a higher standard
of ethical behavior than that of the average
3. ORDER (SENSE OF TIME) - prioritizes the use citizen. Based on the concept of the social
of time, values his time, "first things first." contract, the government has the right to deprive
people of their freedom in specific circumstances
4. COLLABORATION - fosters teamwork and or to use force if necessary to protect the rights
solidarity of the greater society. In exchange for this
for unity. relinquishment of freedoms, society expects that
the government will protect citizens, respect the
rights of citizens, and appoint agents (the police) beings. Pakikipagkapwa-tao is manifested in a
who have the integrity to protect citizens and basic sense of justice and fairness and concern
adhere to the conditions of the social contract. for others. It is demonstrated in the Filipino's
Based on this philosophy, a society can expect ability to empathize with others, in helpfulness
the highest standards of behavior and ethical and generosity in times of need (pakikiramay), in
conduct in persons afforded that power to the practice of Bayanihan or mutual assistance,
deprive others of their basic liberties. In other and the famous Filipino hospitality.
words, the public expects the police to behave at Pakikipagkapwa-tao results in camaraderie and a
the highest levels of integrity and to obey the feeling of closeness to one another. It is the
rules and laws of society clearly for a social foundation for unity as well as the sense of social
contract to remain a valid principle. justice.
Police Officers as Role Models
August Vollmer (recognized as the Father of 2. Family Orientation
Police Professionalism) once said that "The Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love for
average citizen expects the police officer to have family which includes not simply spouse and
the wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, children, parents and siblings, but also
the strength of Samson, the patience of Job, the grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, godparents
leadership of Moses, the faith of Daniel, the and other ceremonial relatives. To the Filipino,
diplomacy of Lincoln, the tolerance of the one's family is the source of personal identity, the
Carpenter of Nazareth, the kindness of the Good source of emotional and material support, and
Samaritan, and finally, an intimate knowledge of one's main commitment and responsibility.
every branch of natural, biological, and social
sciences. If he possesses all these qualities, then,
he might be a good policeman." Vollmer was
emphasizing a point-which is that police officers 3.Concern for the family is manifested in the
are held in very high honor and respect given to parents and elders, in
regard by society in general (and with great the care given to children, the generosity towards
discretionary powers),. hence must be very kin in need, and in the great sacrifices, one
responsible and mindful of their actions. endures for the welfare of the family. This sense
of family results in a feeling of belongingness and
IMPACT OF FILIPINO TRAITS ON PNP ETHICS rootedness and a basic sense of security.
The discussion of the positive and negative traits
of the Filipino makes it clear that there is much 4. Joy and Humor
that is good in among Filipinos, but there is much Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving approach
that needs to be changed. It is also clear that to life and its ups and downs. They have a
many of the Filipino's strong points are also pleasant disposition, a sense of humor and a
sources of weakness. propensity for happiness that contribute not only
As people, they are person-oriented, and to the Filipino charm but also to the
relationships with others are a very important indomitability of the Filipino spirit. They laugh at
part of their lives. They are thus capable of much themselves, and the mess they are in is an
caring and concern for others. On the other hand, important coping mechanism. Often playful,
their orientation in the extreme leads to lack of sometimes cynical, sometimes disrespectful, they
objectivity and the disregard for universal rules laugh at those they love and at those they hate
and procedures where everyone, regardless of and make jokes about fortune and bad.
their relationship with them, is treated equally. This sense of joy and humor is manifested in the
Their orientation leads them to be concerned for Filipino's love for social celebrations, in their
people and yet unfair to some.Ethics is a key capacity to laugh even in the most trying of
component of competitiveness in the work times, and in the appeal of political satire. The
environment. How to ensure that work in an result is a certain emotional balance, optimism, a
atmosphere characterized by mutual trust and healthy disrespect for power and office and the
confidence worth the respect of everyone in capacity to survive.
Society? There is no doubt on this fact that the
greater the measure of mutual trust and 5. Hard Work and Industry
confidence in the ethics of a society, the greater Filipinos have the capacity for hard work given
its strength and support to everyone. Hence, proper conditions. The desire to raise one's
ethics must be considered in a broader sense by standard of living and to possess the essentials of
the citizens and constituents in a larger society. a decent life for one's family, combined with the
right opportunities and incentives, makes the
POSITIVE TRAITS OF THE FILIPINO Filipino work very hard. This is manifested most
1. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao noticeably in the willingness to take risks with
Filipinos are open to others and feel one with jobs abroad and, while there, to work at two or
others. They regard others with dignity and three jobs. The result is productivity and
respect and deal with them as fellow human
entrepreneurship for some and survival despite praise. Personalism is also manifested in the
poverty for others necessity for the establishment of personal
relationships before any business, or work
6. Faith and Religiosity relationships can be successful.
Filipinos have a deep faith in God. Their innate Because of this personalistic world view, Filipinos
religiosity enables them to comprehend and have difficulty dealing with all forms of
genuinely accept reality in the context of God's impersonal stimuli. It is for this reason that one
will and plan. Thus, tragedy and bad fortune are is uncomfortable with bureaucracy, with rules
accepted, and some optimism characterizes even and regulations and with standard procedures, all
the poorest lives. of which tend to be impersonal.
The faith of the Filipino is related to bahala na Personal contacts are involved in any transaction,
which, instead of being viewed as defeatist and these are difficult to turn down. Preference is
resignation, may be considered positively as a e usually given to family and friends in hiring,
reservoir of psychic energy, an important delivery of services and even in voting. Extreme
psychological prop on which they can lean during personalism thus leads to the graft and
hard times. This pampalakas ng loob allows them corruption evident in Philippine society.
to act despite uncertainty. The results of the
Filipino's faith are courage, daring, optimism, 2. Extreme Family Centeredness
inner peace, as well as the capacity to genuinely While concern for the family is one of the
accept tragedy and death. Filipino's greatest strengths, in the extreme it
becomes a serious flaw. Excessive concern for the
7. Ability to Survive family creates an in-group to which the Filipino is
Filipinos can survive, which is manifested in their fiercely loyal to the detriment of concern for the
capacity for endurance despite difficult times and larger community or the common good.
in their ability to get by on so very little. Filipinos Excessive concern for family manifests itself in
make do with what is available in the the use of one's office and power as a means of
environment (e.g., making out living from a promoting the interest of the family, in
garbage dump). This survival instinct is related to factionalism, patronage and political dynasties,
the Filipino's other strengths -- a basic optimism, and the protection of erring family members. It
flexibility and adaptability, hard work and deep results in a lack of concern for the common good
faith in God. and acts as a block to national consciousness.

8. Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity

Filipinos have a great capacity to adjust and to 3. Lack of Discipline
adapt to circumstances and the surrounding The Filipino's lack of discipline encompasses
environment, both physical and social. Unplanned several related characteristics. They have a
or unanticipated events are never overly casual and relaxed attitude towards time and
disturbing or disorienting as the flexible Filipino space which manifests itself in lack of precision
adjusts to whatever happens. They possess a and compulsiveness. in poor time management
tolerance for ambiguity that enables them to and procrastination. They have an aversion for
remain unfazed by uncertainty or lack of following strictly a set of procedures and this
information. They are creative, resourceful quick result in a lack of standardization and quality
learners, and can improvise and make use of control. They are impatient and unable to delay
whatever to create and produce. gratification or reward, resulting in the use of
This quality of the Filipino is manifested in the shortcuts, in skirting the rules (the palusot
ability to adapt to a life of the world, in the ability syndrome) and in foolhardiness. They are guilty
to make new things out of old scraps, in the keep of ningas cogon, starting projects with full vigor
old machines running, and of course, in the and interest which abruptly die down leaving
creative talent manifest cultural sphere. It is things unfinished.
likewise seen in the ability to accept change. The The Filipino's lack of discipline often results in
result is productivity, innovation, inefficient and wasteful work systems, violations
entrepreneurship, equanimity, and survival. of rules leading to more serious transgressions
and a casual work ethic leading to carelessness
NEGATIVE TRAITS OF THE FILIPINO and lack of follow-through.
1. Extreme Personalism
This personalism is manifested in the tendency to 4. Passivity and Lack of initiative
give personal interpretations to actions, i.e., Filipinos are generally passive and lacking in
"take things personally." Thus, a sincere question initiative. One waits be told what has to be done.
may be viewed as a challenge to one's There is a strong reliance on others (eg, leaders,
competence, or positive feedback may be government) to do things for us. This is related to
interpreted as a sign of special affection. There is, one's attitude towards authority. Filipinos need a
in fact, some basis for such interpretations as strong authority figure and feel safer and more
Filipinos are quite personal in criticism and secure in the presence of such an authority. One
is generally submissive to those in authority and The PNP situation makes it more unique than the
is not likely to rese issues or to question national situation because it has its own
decisions. occupational culture which exerts tremendous
Filipinos tend to be complacent, and there rarely influence over its personnel's beliefs and values.
is a sense of rgency about any problem. There is a Hence, a member of the PNP must contend with
high tolerance for inefficiency, poor service and the two opposing influences- his lineage as a
even violations of one's basic rights. In many Filipino, and his duty as a police officer.
ways, it can be said that the Filipino is too patient Five characteristics of the job of police officer
and long-suffering (matiisin). Too easily resigned seem particularly
to one's fate, Filipinos are thus easily oppressed useful in explaining how police come to be
and exploited. different from civilians: the
uniform, the power, working hours, danger, and
5. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome dirty work involved in
Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that police functions. In total, these factors work to
generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness separate the police from
toward others, particularly one's peers who seem the public and to accentuate any differences.
to have gained some status or prestige. Towards
them, the Filipino demonstrates the so-called FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLICE OFFICER'S
crab mentality (referring to the tendency of crabs JOB
in a basket to pull each other down) using the 1. The Uniform
leveling instrument of tsismis, intriga, and The uniform sets the officer apart, and it
unconstructive criticism to bring others down. identifies his or her status as a police officer. It is
There seems to be a basic assumption that not possible for the uniformed officer to be
another's gain she's loss. inconspicuous or to blend into the crowd.
The kanya-kanya syndrome is also evident in the Wearing the uniform marks the officer as a
personal ambition and the drive for power and member of a particular minority group-the police.
status that is completely insensitive to the
common good. Personal and in-group interests 2. The Power
reign supreme. This characteristic is in the lack of The uniformed police officer, with the sidearm,
a sense of service among people in the baton, citation book, and other trappings of
government bureaucracy. The public is made to office, is a walking symbol of government power.
feel that service from In most circumstances, both the officer and the
these offices and these civil servants are an extra citizen recognize that the officer is in a dominant
perk that has to be paid for. position and can do things to reward or punish
The kanya-kanya syndrome results in the the citizen. The fact of power means that the
dampening of community spirit and the trampling police officer is not an equal of the citizen on the
upon the rights of others. street. It changes the nature of the relationship
between the citizens and the police.
6. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
There is a tendency in the Filipino to be 3. The Working Hours
superficial and even somewhat flighty. In the In most places, police officers work rotating
face of serious problems, both personal and shifts. A typic pattern involves changing work
social, there is a lack of analysis or reflection. hours every month, so that the officer works days
They joke about the most serious matters, and for one month, afternoons for the next, nights for
this prevents looking deeply into the problem. the third, and then days again. Police officers also
Related to this is the Filipino emphasis on form work weekends, holidays, and frequently must
than on substance. There is a tendency to be put in overtime in emergencies, and for court
satisfied with rhetoric and to substitute this for appearances.
reality. Empty rhetoric and endless words are
very much part of public life. As long as the right 4. The Danger
things are said, as long as proper documents and Every day thousands of PNP personnel patrol the
reports exist, as long as the proper committees, streets. While carrying out this function, they
task forces or offices are formed, Filipinos are deal with several issues, situations, and
deluded into believing that what ought to be, problems. They must also cope with a situation in
actually exists. which there is little time to decide and make a
The Filipino lack of self-analysis and emphasis on judgment, and constant movement and
form is reinforced by an educational system that attentiveness must always be observed in
is often more form than substance and a legal responding to a call for help that may have life or
system that tends to substitute law for reality. death implications.
As participants in a very hazardous occupation,
THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER police officers have the potential for
Introduction encountering life-threatening conditions or the
actual loss of life daily. Fortunately, such
situations do not occur as frequently as believed
by individuals with little knowledge or experience 7. Duty. PNP members have historically
with police. Still, no situation should be taken exemplified themselves as dedicated public
lightly, because even the most common activities servants who perform their tasks with a deep
could end tragically. sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They
shall readily accept assignment anywhere in the
5. The Dirty Work country.
One of the most important things police do for
society is its dirty work. The police deal with dead 8. Loyalty. PNP members are traditionally loyal to
bodies, crimes, crime victims criminals, the organization, country, and people as borne by
automobile accidents and other aspects of society history and practice.
that mo people would rather not think about. As
dirty workers, police officers are untouchables, 9. Camaraderie. The binding spirit that enhances
because they do not wish to be reminded of what teamwork and cooperation in the police
they do. organization, extending to the people they serve,
The job of policing should not isolate the police is manifested by the PNP members' deep
from the citizens this isolation might lead to the commitment and concern for one another.
"victim mentality." It has been an acknowledged
practice in many parts of the world that the
police and the community are working hand in
hand in accomplishing the objective of a safe and WEAKNESSES OF THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER
secured society. They both have duties and The weaknesses of the Filipino Police Officer are
responsibilities to maintain peace and attain rooted in how he individually adapts to the reality
economic development for the country. To of his chosen profession. After gaining much-
accomplish these, mutual trust, understanding, needed experience, a police officer often realizes
and harmonious relations must be maintained. that the procedural approach (by the book) does
not necessarily guarantee results. In like manner,
STRENGTHS OF THE FILIPINO POLICE OFFICER the same police officer acknowledges that the
1. Spiritual Beliefs. PNP members are public unfairly judges his competence based on
traditionally religious and God-loving persons. actual results and not on whether he followed the
They attend religious services together with the correct process or not. Faced with this moral
members of their family. During times of great dilemma, a police officer sometimes adjusts his
personal crisis and danger, they bravely forge on, high ethical standards to meet the expectations
confident that Divine Providence will grant them of the public. This process eventually creates a
protection and safety. phenomenon known as a "sub-culture," wherein
a parallel set of values now exists side by side
2. Valor. History attests that the Filipino law- with the prescribed values and behavior by the
enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor organization. The following are the
in defending the country from aggression and manifestations of this so- called "sub-culture,"
oppression and protecting/preserving the life and which, to be fair, do not necessarily apply to all
property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs police officers, but are generally regarded to be
and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom existing and accepted as valid.
they have pledged to serve. 1. Misplaced Loyalty
Due to the bonds shared by police officers in their
3. Patriotism. The PNP members are traditionally line of work, it becomes one's paramount duty to
patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of protect his fellow officers at all costs, as they
country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag would protect you, even though you may have to
and a vow to defend the Constitution. risk your career or your own life to do it. If your
colleagues make a mistake, took a bribe,
4. Discipline. The discipline of PNP members is seriously hurt somebody illegally, or got into
manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful other kinds of trouble, you should do everything
orders and thorough and you can to protect them in the ensuing
spontaneous actions towards attainment of investigation. If your colleagues are routinely
organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical breaking the rules, you should never tell
and legal norms. supervisors, reporters, or outside investigators
about it. If you don't like it, quit or get
5. Courteous. PNP members are upright in transferred to another assignment. But never,
character, gentle in manners, dignified in ever, blow the whistle.
appearance, and sincere in their concern to
fellowmen. 2. Cynicism
Sometimes, because of the experiences they
6. Word of Honor. PNP members' word is their acquire as law enforcers, police view all citizens
bond. They stand by and commit to upholding it. with suspicion. Everyone is a possible problem,
but especially those who fit a type. Recruits learn all important considerations in deciding how to
this way of looking at others from older officers if treat people generally and whether or not to
they have not come to the job already holding arrest suspects in particular.
these perceptions. Cynicism spills over to their When a fellow police officer's immediate family
relations with other people since they have found or relative commits a minor infraction, it is
that friends expect favors and special treatment, understandable to look the other way because of
and since police routinely witness negative "pakikisama." It is common to hear the term
behavior even from the most upstanding of "balato mo na sa akin ito" during these types of
people. As a result, their work life leads them to situations. It is likewise understandable to
the conclusion that all people are weak, corrupt, expect the same treatment from your fellow
and dangerous. officers when your family or relatives are
involved. It's a quid pro quo situation.
3. The Use of Force
The police sometimes embrace force for all 6. "The Police as Untouchables"
situations wherein a threat is perceived. Threats Disrespect for police authority is an offense that
may be interpreted as acts or statements should always be punished with an arrest or use
"against the officer's authority" rather than those of force. This number one "offense," which is
against the officer's physical person. So anyone known as "contempt of a person in uniform"
with an "attitude problem" deserves a lesson in cannot be ignored. Even when the party has
humility. Force is both expressive and committed no violation of the law, a police officer
instrumental. It is a clear symbol of the police should find a safe way to impose punishment,
officer's perceived authority and legitimate including an arrest on false charges.
dominance in any interaction with the public, and
it is also believed to be the most effective method 7. Rewards
of control. In other words, everyone understands Police do very dangerous work, so it is proper to
a baton; it cuts across all social and economic take any extra rewards the public wants to give
barriers and is the most effective tool for keeping them, such as free meals, Christmas gifts and
people in line and getting them to do what is free access to movies, public transport, etc. The
required without argument. general rule is: Take any reward that doesn't
Police officers sometimes think that they should change what you would do anyway, such as
never hesitate to use physical or deadly force eating a meal, but don't take money that would
against people who "deserve it," of where it can affect your job, such as not giving traffic tickets.
be an effective way of solving a crime. The use of One theory is that it is acceptable to accept any
force is justifiable by the doctrine of self-defense, reward as long as it was given wholeheartedly by
defense of relative and an individual to a police officer. This
defense of stranger, and if the police have rationalization was even given a term: "Laughing
probable cause to believe that the subject poses Money."
an imminent danger of death or serious injury to
the police or other persons. 8. Due Process
Due process is only a means of protecting
4. "The Police as Victims" Mentality criminals at the expense of the law abiding and
This concept is based on the idea that the police should be ignored whenever it is safe to do so.
are victims of public misunderstanding and scorn Illegal searches and wiretaps, interrogation
and self-serving administrators. This feeling of without advising suspects of their rights, and if
victimization sets police apart from others and need be, even physical pain to coerce a
rationalizes a different set of rules for them as confession are all acceptable methods for
opposed to other members of society. accomplishing the goal the public wants the
The job of a police officer entails a great deal of police to perform: fighting crime. The rules
stress caused by potential danger and generally against doing those things merely handcuff the
unpleasant experiences. Again, this results in the police, making it more difficult for them to do
feeling that police are special and different from their jobs.
everyone else. Finally, because of erratic working
hours and social stigmatism, their social life 9. Lying and Deception
tends to be centered on other police officers. This Lying and deception are an essential part of the
results in closed viewpoints and legitimization of police job, and even perjury should be used if it is
some unethical practices like corruption. necessary to protect yourself or get a conviction
on a "bad guy." Violations of due process cannot
5. Preferential Application of the Law be admitted to prosecutors or in court, so perjury
Decisions about whether to enforce the law, in is necessary and therefore proper.
any but the most serious cases, should be guided
by both what the law says and who the suspect
is. Attitude, demeanor, cooperativeness, and
even regional affiliation, age, and social class are
 CHALLENGES FACING THE FILIPINO POLICE 5. Recycling The use or sale of confiscated items
OFFICER and evidence, usually drugs or narcotics.
Political Meddling
It is observed that some elected officials often 6. Selective Enforcement - Selective enforcement
attempt to influence police operations to bolster occurs when police officers exploit their officer
their political positions in the community discretion. For example, a PNP member who
Sometimes, police positions are awarded based releases a suspect due to what is commonly
on political patronage known as "areglo" or "balato" is in clear abuse of
The police are not exempted from graft and his or her discretion and authority. On the
corruption. As an institution, graft and corruption reverse side, a police officer who arrests a person
had long taken roots in the police agency. simply because the latter "annoys" him is
Corruption was nurtured by the long years of likewise guilty of selective enforcement.
political patronage that slowly eroded the moral
foundation of the organization. 7. Internal Pay-offs sale of work assignments,
Graft and corruption in the police exist in day-offs, holidays, vacation periods, and even
different degrees. This corruption may be as promotions.
negligible as siphoning petroleum from police
vehicles for private consumption to illegal
logging or gun-smuggling activities or illegal THE SENSITIVE ISSUE OF GRATUITIES
numbers game. Corruption exists in the form of Gratuities have become a part of a police officer's
over-pricing of police uniforms and supplies, job. Although the formal code of ethics
"conversion deals," and lending money at disapproves of gratuities, most people feel there
usurious rates. Police themselves were affected is nothing wrong with businesses giving
by a lack of transparency in the administration of "freebies" to the police officer, such as free
police benefits. admission to a show or gifts. Many officers
Many analysts believe that police officers may be believe that these are small rewards indeed for
involved in the operations of crime syndicates the difficulties they endure in police work.
either as principals or protectors. Thus, public Many business people offer gratuities, such as
perceptions of the police leave much to be half-price meals, as a token of sincere
desired. appreciation for the police officer's work. So what
MOST COMMON TYPES OF could be wrong with them? Some pundits once
CORRUPTION IN THE PNP suggested that officers are incapable of
1. Case Fixing - The subjective imposition of distinguishing between gestures of goodwill and
penalties or downright sabotage of the attempted bribery, and most officers do not view
investigation process in exchange for money or the acceptance of gratuities as a form of
other things for personal gain. corruption.
How do gratuities undermine public confidence?
2. Bribery Bribery is the receipt of cash or a gift in Some officers believe that gratuities are
exchange for past or future assistance in dangerous because what might start without
avoidance of prosecution, as by a claim that the intent on the part of the officer may become a
officer is unable to make a positive identification patterned expectation. It is the taking in an
of a criminal or by being in the wrong place at a official capacity that is wrong, since the social
time when a crime is to occur, or by any other contract is violated when citizens give up their
action that may be excused as carelessness but liberty to exploit, only to be exploited, in turn, by
not offered as proof of deliberate miscarriage of the enforcement agency that prevents them from
justice. It is distinguished from extortion by the engaging in similar behavior.
mutual understanding regarding services to be
performed upon the acceptance of the gift.

3. Extortion - Extortion is the common practice of

holding
"street court," where incidents such as minor
traffic tickets can be avoided with a cash
payment to the officer and no receipt given.
Using this process, police have also been known
to extort money from arrested drug personalities.

4. Protection-The taking of money or other

rewards from vice operators or from legitimate
companies operating illegally in return for
protecting them from law enforcement activity.
 What may or may not constitute
gratuity?
One of the first questions to ask is where one
should draw the line between harmless rewards
and inappropriate gifts. For example, is a
discounted meal acceptable, but not one that is
free? Or is a free meal acceptable, but not items
such as groceries or tires or car stereos? Do store
or restaurant owners expect anything for their
money, such as more frequent patrols or
overlooking sales of alcohol to underage
juveniles, for instance?
Should they expect different treatment from
officers than the treatment given to those who do
not offer gratuities? Many merchants give free or
discount food to officers because they like to
have them around, especially late at night. The
question then becomes the one asked frequently
by citizens: Why are two or more police cars
always at a certain place and not patrolling? An
impression is given of unequal protection. Free
meals or even coffee may influence the pattern of
police patrol and thus may be wrong because
some citizens are not receiving equal protection.
What happens when all surrounding businesses
give gratuities to officers and a new business
moves in? Do officers come to expect special
favors? Do merchants feel pressured to offer
them? Many nightclubs allow for off-duty officers
to enter without paying cover charges. Does this
lead to resentment and a feeling of discrimination
by paying customers? Does it lead to the officer
thinking that he or she is special and different
from everyone else? Other examples of gratuities
that police accept they include movie tickets,
merchandise, and tickets to ball games and other
events