1957 All About Radiation Orig - OCR
1957 All About Radiation Orig - OCR
1957 All About Radiation Orig - OCR
By a
~~~F_'~~ By a NUCLEAR PHYSICIST
PHYSICIST /
and a and a /
MEDICAL MEDICAL DOCTOR /
DOCTOR /
/
/
/
/
/
THE FACTS ABOUT THE ATOMIC BOMB
by Medicus
Introduction
Are people generally aware of their responsibilities
as individual members of the human race?
Man throughout known history has always been
busy inventing - and using - bigger and better
machines for the destruction of his fellows. Organised
science which in the 20th Century has brought to
everyone benefits with immeasurable possibilities for
a happier and more creative life, has also produced a
weapon which in a single ferocious explosion can
destroy utterly even the largest city on earth. Some
further possibilities of this appalling destructiveness,
though not gene:mlly well-known, are of more import-
ance, if possible, to mankind even than those commonly
envisaged. Here is abundant evidence that atomic
weapons do not cease destroying when their explosions
are over. The radioactive products released into the
atmosphere retain their radioactivity, in some cases
for a number of years, falling slowly to earth as dust
and affecting the air we breathe, even thousands of
miles from the area of the explosion. The accumula-
tion of sufficient of these substances, could within a
short time render Earth barren of all life. The danger
point is not as remote as wishful thinking would have
it. Short of this final limit al'e possibilities, already
almost probabilities, of slow degeneration, insidious
illness and increasing sterility in all living things.
The intention of the writers in this book is to ex-
plain in language easily understood, the more import-
ant effects of atomic explosions, both short and long
term, and to outline methods of protection and treat-
ment of human beings, so far known to be of some
value. They also wish to draw to the attention of
everyone, as individual living and thinking beings,
their responsibilities towards themselves, their
families and friends, and their Ileighbours near and
far in this context.
This book was written out of the proceedings of the
CONGRESS ON NUCLEAR RADIATION AND
HEALTH
given at the Royal Empire Society Hall between
April 12th and 15th, 1957, by the courtesy of
ALL
THE HUBBARD ASSOCIATION OF
SCIENTOLOGIST INTERNATIONAL
ABOUT
37, Fitzroy Street,
London, W.I.
RADIATION
(Man's inhumanity to Man)
and transcribed as requested by Members of Parliament
as furnished to them.
AU rights reserved.
by Medicus
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER ONE
for Medical Officers.
Notes on Atomic Energy
H.M.S.O. 1955. The Atomic Bomb
Nuclear Weapons. (CI'vil Defence Manual Vol. 1). Let it be stated definitely at the outset that a thing
H.M.S.O. 1956. . understood is a thing less feared. Atomic energy in all
Conceptds Mof IR
an
adiuoIOsgiD~P~~~~~t ~fgH~~fu', i~~~~~
oe Ier. .,
its uses has been the subject of much mystery and
secrecy. This is so partly because the peculiarly
tion and Welfare 1954. "atomic'" radiations are imperceptable to human senses
and partly on account of national security measures.
The BiOlogicafl Ethffeuctssok~~~~~l ~~:~:~~n~fsci:~~ Some clarity needs to be brought at once into the pub-
reports 0 e ., lic attitude regarding atomic weapons and it is hoped
1956. that the following simple explanations, both of what
Continental Weapons Tests.. : .. Public Safety. U.S. man is facing and what he can do to help himself, may
Atomic Energy CommIssIon 1953. achieve this.
The so-called "nominal bomb" will be the main sub-
The Effects of High-Yield .N~clear Explosions. U.S. ject of description. This is roughly equivalent in
Atomic Energy CommIssIon. power to 20,000 tons of conventional high explosive
(T.N.T.) and is described therefore as a 20-kilo-ton
Prelim.in~ry RePtohrt 0fff thte Ionnt~:~~~n:!aNhd~fal~:t~ (20 KT) bomb. The weapons used on Japan in 1945
mISSIon on e e ec s Id C s were of this order of magnitude. The hydrogen, or
d Hydrogen Bomb explosions. Wor ongres
thermo-nuclear, weapon differs in its effects from the
~f Doctors. Vienna 1955. above only in quantity not in quality. A brief refer-
liThe Bombs". Sevitt. The Lancet p.187. July 23rd, ence will be made in a later paragraph to the important
1955. . differences and the special dangers.
The mechanism of the bomb is basically simple and
Radioactive poisons. Schubert. Scientific AmerIcan. a slight understanding of it is useful to trace the
August 1955. development of its action. The explosive material is a
Federation of American Scientists; Newsletter ... pure mass of fissionable metal. A form of uranium
July 9th, 1956. (U235) and plutonium were the first such materials to
be discovered. The only other fundamental constituent
Protection against Radiation. Alexander. The New required is a source of neutrons (uncharged sub-
Scientist, March 28th, 1957. atomic particles). Atoms of the metal can capture
The Hazard of Strontium 90. The New Scientist, wandering neutrons. The nucleus of the atom thus
augmented is unstable and. immediately splits into two
March 28th, 1957. roughly equal halves which form the nuclei of lighter
Hiroshima. John Hersey. Penguin.
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
elements (the "fission products"). At the same time in Japan, responsible for 60% of the casualties.
two neutrons are released for each one captured and The heat flash is the next most important causing,
each atom of metal split. These may escape from the directly or indirectly 2570 casualties. The invisible
bomb mass or may be captured by more atoms of nuclear radiations caused only 1570 of the casualties.
metal. If the total mass is greater than a certain criti- In terms of a single bomb explosion these are thus
cal size, more neutrons are captured than escape and rather a minor consideration. They are, however, much
a chain reaction develops. It proceeds in a bomb at an feared partly on account of their very invisibility and
enormous rate (10 12 stages in one second) and at each have been subject of much controversial discussion.
stage, much energy is liberated. Much of it is in the Breaking the new effects down numerically in this
form of heat and at the point of explosion, a tempera- fashion tends to impart a real sense of proportion on
ture of a million degrees centigrade is produced almost the matter.
instantaneously, rendering the air and the remains of The real danger to life on a planetary scale does not
the bomb incandescent. This is the fireball which lie in these immediate radiations. Here is the point.
radiates a tremendous flash of heat and light, and the The explosion of the bomb produces a considerable
very high pressure (! a million Tons/Sq. Ins.) sud- amount of bl'eakdown products, called fission products,
denly created within it sets up the blast-wave. Part by the splitting of the atoms of uranium. These are
of the energy is released at the same time as the highly all initially radio-active and contaminate the atmos-
penetrating invisible gamma-rays. A large quantity phere, settling gradually to Earth as dust over a period
of neutrons is, of course, also released and is the other of years. Some of the products retain their radio-
important invisible component of the radiation. These activity for more than 20 years so that an accumula-
last two factors are highly dangerous to life and con- tion is bound to occur. The explosion of bombs for any
stitute the one fundamental respect in which atomic purpose, military or otherwise, even at quite long
explosions differ from the conventional. intervals, can only increase the general radio-activity
The fireball, which is about 450 yards in diameter, of Earth and atmosphere towards the danger point.
expands and rises rapidly into the upper atmosphere There is, however, some reason to believe that at the
to become the familiar mushroom shaped cloud. The present rate of test explosions, particularly since many
light flash lasts for an instant only, the heat radiation of them involve hydrogen weapons, that within six to
for at most, half a second, and the blast passes in a ten yea1'S from now sufficient radio-activity will have
single wave taking perhaps one second. Most of the accumulated as to be ,generally dangerous to health if
gamma and neutron radiation has passed in a couple . not to Ufe.
of seconds, but some continues for about a minute, in On account of the slow subsidence of dust from the
fact until the radioactive cloud has risen into the upper upper atmosphere the actual effect would probably be
atmosphere out of range. postponed although inevitable. It has also been
Of all the effects of an atomic explosion the most suggested that the explosion of about one thousand
important by far is blast. This of course is nothing h-bombs altogether might be enough to destroy all life
new. Anyone who has been involved in war has had on the planet. If this figure should be inaccurate by a
plenty of experience of it. It will inevitably cause an factor as great as ten, the situation is one which
enormous amount of material damage and was in fact, demands the urgent attention of every human being.
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A major problem arising from blast would be the duration only the surface of objects are affected. At
tremendous amount of debris blocking streets. This these surfaces, however, a temperature of several thou-
did not arise particularly in Japan, since the houses sand degrees Centigrade was reached, up to a range of
were mostly wooden and were completely destroyed by !s-i mile. Within this distance surfaces of granite are
fire. But ~J1 a Wester~ City complete impassability melted and, on humans exposed in the open, burns in-
would be lIkely for a dIstance of half a mile or more volving the whole skin thickness are to be expected
from Ground. Zero. Severe hampering of firefighting with some internal damage and immediate death.
and rescue work would inevitably result. Since the flash is brief and non-penetrating, relatively
As regards the effect of blast on personnel there slight protection is a considerable safeguard. Any
would be few direct casualties. Anyone close enough person properly under cover, i.e. out of the direct path
to the explosion to be killed by blast would be killed of the rays, would not be affected. Clothing, particu-
a,nyway by the other factors. However, many casual- larly if loose, woollen and of a light colour, offers
tIes. would be expected due to collapsing buildings at appreciable protection although the clothing itself
varIOUS ranges. might catch fire. Severe to moderate burns would be
suffered up to 1!-2 miles and slight burns at a greater
Protection of personnel from blast can be achieved distance.
to a degree by similar measures to those familiar in
"conventional" warfare. Deep shelters and basements The risk of fires and resulting burns is, of course,
with several means of exit should be satisfactory great. Combustible materials like cloth, dry wood,
against anything but a ground level burst close by. The paper, etc., may well be ignited up to a distance of l!
"Anderson" type shelter much used in the 1939-45 miles. This can occur inside buildings if the heat flash
wal', or a deep trench with a thick layer of earth on can enter through windows, open doors, etc. A simple
top, pr?vide fair protecti~n. No particularly new prob- means of protection for brick buildings is obvious:
lem eXIsts here. The dIfference between an atomic any kind. of white opaque screen or even simply white-
weapon and an HE bomb is a matter only of size. washing windows would confer an appreciable degree
The blast wave travels at about the speed of sound. of safety.
That is to say, it does not arrive at a point a mile or Fires arising from other causes constitute an addi-
two from the explosion centre for several seconds after tional danger. Damage to gas mains, overturning of
the light flash. There is, therefore time to dive for domestic heating equipment of any kind and scattering
cover, and this gives a slight safety factor. By the same of burning debris are more familiar wartime pheno-
means some of the Gamma radiation may be escaped mena and no less important here.
and in the case of a Hydrogen bomb, some of the heat There is a peculiarity in the manner of healing of
as well. burns caused by atomic explosions. This is a pro-
The basic principles amount, therefore, to "Take nounced tendency to form thick, knotted, overgrown
cover if you can" and, where more time is available scars, known as Keloids, which are very disfiguring
"Go underground". ' and may be crippling. They were observed in Japan,
HEAT. The heat flash radiating in straight lines and may be the result of the action of burning plus
outward from the fireball lasts in its full intensity for radiation. Mulnutrition and poor treatment do defi-
only a fraction of a second. On account of the short nitely contribute, however, these were pronounced
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ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
factors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Treatment, once or more in air and cause damage to the body.
keloids has developed, lies in the field of plastic They have the additional property of inducing
surgery. radio-activity in objects which they strike.
LIGHT FLASH. As previously described a tremen-
dous flash of light radiates for an instant at the A description of the actual effects of these rays on
moment of explosion. Its intensity, as seen during the human body follow in the next chapter. Meanwhile
tests in the Pacific from a distance of 18 miles, was the problem of protection from them must be con-
several times greater than that of the sun. Anybody sidered.
without protection for the eyes would be totally blinded The intensity of gamma rays falls off with increas-
at a distance of several miles but, on past experience, ing distance from the source according to the inverse
the sight can be expected to recover within a matter square law: that is to say at double the distance the
of hours. There is some evidence that superficial skin intensity would be reduced to a quarter. This applies
burns to light flash rather than heat can also occur to bomb bursts and small sources of radiation but not
even a number of miles from ground zero. These are where the distance is small compared with the dimen-
not serious but can be very unpleasant. They are sions of the radiating surface. They are absorbed to
probably due to the ultra-violet component of the light. some extent by air which, of course, limits their range,
RADIATION. Several types of nuclear radiation are and by mist, fog or smoke rather more effectively.
released by atomic explosions. These are:- Their intensity is reduced by half by the following
thicknesses of common protective substances approxi-
Alpha particles Helium nuclei, therefore relatively mately:-
heavy and slow, penetrate a very short distance
in air and of no importance in this context. Lead 1" Concrete 5"
Beta particles-Electrons travelling at nearly the Steel 1~" Earth 8"
speed of light, penetrating a few feet in air, Water 11"
also of no importance in this context.
These figures would be of some value in estimating the
(Radioactive fission products coming in closer contact effectiveness of various sheltering constructions. The
with the body can cause considerable damage however "Anderson" type shelter already referred to would
by means of these radiations-see later). reduce immediate radiation danger at moderate ranges
Gamma rays-These for practical purposes are very considerably. However, the thicker and heavier
X-rays. They are of the same nature as light the protection, the better. The radiation from a burst
but of much higher frequency. They have a only lasts a few seconds with a much smaller amount
range in air of about 1~ miles and are the prin- over a longer period. This last can, therefore, be
cipal cause of radiation disease in atomic war- escaped, together with the blast, if cover is taken at
fare. once, when the light flash is seen.
Neutrons-These electrically uncharged particles
are also highly penetrating. They travel a mile
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ALL ABOUT RADIATION
200 1', however, could become quite ill, and might take
CHAPTER THREE anything up to three months to recover. 100 r pro·
duces about 10ro sickness only, and less than 50 r in
Nuclea.r' Radiation one dose can be taken as relatively harmless, provided
there is no further exposure for many weeks, at least.
The effects of radiations depend basically on their It will be obvious from the above that a good deal
property of rendering atoms in their path electrically of individual variation occurs, but beyond the observa-
charged. This is called ionization. The immediate tion that the very young, the old, and the ill are more
result in the molecules, of which the ionized atoms are sensitive than normal, nothing is known of the reasons
part, is increased chemical activity and a tendency to for the variations.
break-up. Thus the living structure of the cell i5 Much greater amounts of radiation than the above
altered or destroyed, and poisonous waste products can be tolerated, if directed to specific parts of the
may be formed. These changes, if on a sufficiently body only, as for example in radiotherapy for cancer.
large scale, and in vital organs, can cause the death On the other hand, much small doses, delivered to the
of the whole body. whole body, do produce some ill effects, and further-
The ionizing power of radiation depends on its more, accumulate over a period of time. The sensi-
energy. Alpha and Beta particles are far more tivity of human tisues decrease in this order: lym-
e.ffective than Gamma rays, but fortunately have very phatic tissue, testis, bone marrow (blood forming
lIttle penetrating power. Neutrons have quite high tissue), epithelium (lining) of the stomach and intes-
ionizing power, and penetrate easily as well. Dosages tines, ovary. Brain and muscle are the least sensitive
of radiation are measured in terms of total ionization of all, and other tissues fall in between the two ranges.
the unit being the "Roentgen" (r). It is difficult t~ 1000 r to brain only is not lethal. On the other hand,
gain any subjective appreciation of what is meant by 0.2 r per day over a period has been known to depress
a dose of say 500 r, but the following observations give blood formation in workers with X-rays. The maxi-
some idea:- mum safe continuous rate of irradiation for such
The lethal dose for a human being, if received people is now considered to be about 0.1 per day for
uniformly over the whole body, is about 750 r. That five days a week. While a total dose accumulated over
is to say, that such a dose could be expected to kill a a long period is not as dangerous as the same dose
1000/0 of persons exposed to it, and is called an LD100 given in a short time, radiation effects do nevertheless
dose. It would be received by a person standing in the accumulate. In actual fact 60 r spread over three
open at about 800 yards from Ground Zero in the case weeks is no more effective than 20 r as a single rapid
of a nominal bomb blast. An amount of 450 1', such as close. Nevertheless the expectation of life for radio-
would be received up to 1,300 yards or so, would kill logists, as observed. in the U.S.A., is about five years
about 50% of persons exposed; it is thus an LD50 less than that for others, and the incidence of leuk-
dose. Less than 200 l' is not ordinarily fatal, unless the aemia in this group may be as high as ten times that
victim is already weakened from some other cause, or in the whole population.
has received burns or blast injury as well. Death f1"Om irradiation may occur from several
About 50% of people exposed to a single dose of immediate causes, according to the dose received. Huge
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40 miles wide, in a down-wind direction, was heavily of exposure. Civil Defence personnel are equipped
contaminated. This is equal to a large part of Southern with these and would thus, by working in shifts, be
England, whence the menace to a small country can be able to carry out rescue and decontamination opera-
readily appreciated. tions with minimum danger.
Most of the" fall-out t, is deposited within 100 miles The basic precaution against ': fall-out ,,' is.thus to
of Ground Zero, but enough to be dangerous is carried remain under cover, the most solId cover po~slble, for
to much greater distances. The total doses of radia- 48 hours after an incident. With the. aId of t~e
tion that would have been received by a person in the instruments, populations can then be adVIsed when It
open in the first 36 hours after this incident, at various has become d.efinitely safe to emerge.
distances, have been estimated as follows: Anyone who ~or any reaso~ ha:s to be in the open
At 5 miles from Ground Zero 5000 r when there is rIsk of contammatlOn should use close
At 105 miles from Ground Zero 2000 r fitting clothing including headgear, scarf, gloves and
At 160 miles from Ground Zero 500 r boots to exclude dust as completely as possi~le. In
At 190 miles from Ground Zero 300 r addition any possibilities of inhaling radio-actIve dust
must al;o be guarded against. An anti-gas respirator,
and the fall-out decays in the manner described above. or a simple smog mask are effective, and in an emerg-
Under substantial cover the dose rate for most of the ency even a handkerchief tied round the face would do.
affected area would be so reduced as to be safe as DECONTAMINATION. Objects contaminated by
regards life at least. Basements or slit trench shelters radio-active dust or water eventually become safe
with a three foot covering of earth, afford the best simply by natural decay of the radio-activity. The
protection, and within them, only about 1/300th of process cannot be accelerated ?r otherwise alter~d by
the above doses would have been received. For lack any known chemical or phYSIcal means, but SImple
of these a ground-floor room as far as possible from decontamination methods can be employed.
outside walls is fairly effective. The basic principal is the liberal use of water. Large
The amounts of radiation which can be tolerated by surfaces such as streets, walls, etc., can be dealt with
a human being, during various periods of time, are still by hosing down, as with fire-fighting equipment. The
a subject of controversy. A single dose of 50 r pro- water used should be disposed of into drains, w?ere
duces no observable effect, and therefore might be the removed activity is harmless. Smaller objects
regarded as permissible during one day, provided there should be well scrubbed, and the free use of detergents
was no further exposure for several weeks. Under, is recommended for them and for personal use. Con-
emergency conditions, the following figures have been taminated clothes can be treated likewise, though if
suggested as safety limits: very heavily affected, would be best disposed of
altogether. Burying is the best method of disposal,
50 r in 1 day. and should be done as far as practicable from human
25 r daily for 3 or 4 days. environments. Burning merely carries the radio-
5 r daily for 2 to 3 weeks. activity into the atmosphere, and is definitely to be
A number of instruments exist for measuring dose avoided. Any surface or substance with a porous or
rates in an area, or total dose received during a period rough surface, or which for any reason cannot be
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The a~ove ob~ervations refer, of course, to people gen is thought to shorten life by about a ten-
who receIved a smgle large dose. What of the effects thousandth. This in an average human being would
of small ~epeat~d d.oses spread over many years? only amount to a total of a few weeks due to back-
Some mvestIgatIOns carried out recently in the ground dosage. The general debility and increased
p.S.A..on a number of radiologists revealed some liability to infections, already referred to, while less
mterestmg facts: . dramatic, present a far more serious prospect in terms
The average life span of this particular group of of world health and working capacity.
doctors was five years less than that of other doctors GENETIC EFFECTS. Nuclear radiation does not
a~d of the general population (60 years compared produce monstrosities in babies just like that. This
WIth 65 years). all too common idea is mere superstition.
. The i!1cidence of fatal leukaemias was eight or nine The reproductive tissues of all living organisms
tImes hIgher than that in non-radiologist doctors. produce naturally a certain number of "mutations";
The average number of children born to members that is, hereditary patterns in sperm or egg cells which
of t~e. group was about half that found with other differ to a greater or lesser extent from the normal
phYSICIans (1.7 compared with 3) for that species. Most of these result in infertility of
F.inally, there were 24% (one 'quarter) more con- the cell concerned, and they therefore never actually
gemtal abnormalities among children of radiologists appear in offspring. Nearly all the remainder produce
than among those of other doctors. deleterious abnormalities. (Beneficial changes are
The ?,roup considered must have received, due to rare) . All that irradiation does to the gonads in doses
occupatIOpal ~aza.rd, perhaps as much as 1,000 rover insufficient to kill the cells, is to increase the rate of
a whole hfe-tIme m some cases, though in others prob- production of mutations. A total amount of about 50
a~ly very much less. This is a large amount compared r received by an individual during his or her repro-
WIth what an. average individual receives. The figures ductive lifetime would d.ouble the total number of
!1eve~th~less Illustrate clearly the menace of chronic mutations produced during this period. Most of the
IrradIatIon. changes, while deleterious, are also "recessive." In
Every person during his or her life is continually other words, they may not appear in one or several
bo~barded with radiation in small quantities. Radio- generations but will eventually.
ac.tIve substances are everywhere present, though in However, to take a very possible example, it is
mmu~e amounts, and cosmic rays from outer space suggested that a total dose of 10 r (in addition to
contrIbute to the total "background" radiation. This "background") to every person in the U.S.A. might
normally ~mounts to about 1.5 r in every 10 years or well cause the actual appearance of 50,000 cases of
9-10 r durmg a whole lifetime. In addition diagno~tic inherited. defect, over and above the present" normal"
x-ray procedures give ~ certain dose to the subject. number (270) in children of the first generation born
T.he average ~otal receIpt from this source is very thereafter. Continuing this rate of dosage to succeed-
d.Ifficult to estImate, but may be, for the reproductive ing generations, the figure would increase, ultimately
tIssues (gonads) specifically, about 3 r in 30 years. reaching a steady half-million per generation. Such a
The effect of chronic irradiation seems to be similar situation would pose a considerable social problem. A
to the process of ageing, to the extent that each roent- universal dose (U.S.A.) of only 1 r could produce
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several thousand cases of definite, if not obvious han- found to be due to the continuous inhalation of a radio-
dicap in the first generation. These figures, if exp~nded active gas and radio-active dust.
to cover the whole population of this planet, evidence Most of the products of an atomic explosion decay
the danger to which mankind is now exposing itself. very rapidly, so that only the longer lived ones can
The situation cannot obviously be assessed fully at contaminate more remote parts of the world. No such
the present time. There may be a considerable error dramatic effects as that in the miners is to be expected.
one way or the other, with estimated figures, but th~ The most important substance appears to be an
danger must not be ignored merely on this account. element called Radiostrontium (Strontium-90) .
.H0'Y much is man-made. radio-activity actually con- It loses half its activity in twenty years, and being
tnb.utI.n g at the present tIme to th.e total receipts of chemically similar to Calcium, tends to accumulate in
radIatIOn by humans at large? Takmg external radia- bone, once absorbed. Furthermore, it is very difficult
tion only, due to " fall-out,'· wastes from atomic plants to remove once fixed in bone. Its presence can be a
~tc., the probable a;mo.ul?-t is less than half a roentge~ direct cause of cancer of the bone, and blood diseases,
m 30 years to any mdIvIdual. If weapon testing were such as leukaemia, can result from its action on bone
to continue at a higher rate, equal to the maximum marrow. In this situation, since the radiation source
recorded so far for anyone year, perhaps double this is so close to the living cells, the Gamma and Beta ray
figure might be elose to the truth. activity become important. Strontium-90 produces in
This does not sound very much, and by itself is not. particular Beta and Gamma rays.
But taking into account increasing use of medical It has been put forward that the quantity of radio-
x-rays, and the very uncertain factor of internal radia- strontium in human bones at the present time is about
tion, the outlook is not quite optimistic. As already 1 :10,000th of the "maximum permissible amount."
men~ioned, a human being living in a western country This does not allow, however, for several important
receIves about 3 l' to the gonads from medical x-ray factors. Firstly, atomic weapon tests are continuing;
procedures on the average. Some individuals of secondly, subsidence of dust from the upper atmos-
~ourse, receive much more. A routine abdominal-l.-ray phere continues for long after a test.. The effect is
mvolve~ a total dose of 1 l' per exposure, of which a therefore delayed. These two items may well reduce
pro~ortI.on reaches ~he gonads. More prolonged in- the apparent safety margin, in the figure given, by
vestIgatIons may delIver doses of 10-20 r. Since every 10-20 times. Next, the rate of uptake in children,
least amount of radiation received produces more particularly those younger than four years, is three
mutations, there is good reason to be concerned that' times greater than the average. Children are also
exposure from all sources should be kept down to the more sensitive to radiation than adults (a charac-
barest minimum. teristic of growing tissues). Furthermore, the value
INTERNAL RADIO-ACTIVITY. The danO'er of for" the maximum permissible amount" taken in the
actually taking into the body radio-active substances above estimate is actually that permitted for persons
has been referred to. It is illustrated by the fact occupationally in contact with radiations. The figure
. before
observed . radio-activity was discovered , that of for the whole population should probably be at least
uramum mmers at Joachimsth-al in Bohemia more ten times less.
than 50% died of cancer of the lung. This w;s later These considerations practically annul the safety
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The interested reader will be able to work out other cases but much more so when these are complicated by
possibilities and combinations for himself. a sizeable dose of radiation. Obviously if the patient
It is important to remember that combinations of is bleeding severely or has a perforated chest wound
the various types of effects produce a greater likeli- this must be dealt with first to avoid immediate death.
hood of death occurring or of grave illness than might The state of "shock," so-called, is of two kinds: true
be expected from the perhaps mild nature of each clinical shock is a physical condition of collapse of
particular effect. For example, in experimental rats circulation as a result of loss of blood or loss of fluid
it was found that the burn involving 30% of the body volume from the circulation; it is characterised by
surface together with radiation to the amount of 250 r, coldness, clamminess and rapid weak pulse; emotional
brought about 100% deaths. Now a 30% body area shock is the second variety occurring often by itself
burn is by itself roughly an LD50 burn. 250 r alone is and often in combination with the first. It will be met
non-lethal. Thus combinations of moderate injuries with as already mentioned on a large scale in connec-
may be highly lethal. Experiments with rats do not, tion with atomic incidents and requires mental rather
of course, apply exactly to human beings but the same than physical ministrations as discussed in the final
principle applies and will, in fact, be reinforced by the part of this book.
emotional and mental shock which is presumably much Complete rest for the patient is vital and should be
greater in humans. fairly easy to provide even if living conditions after
The purpose of all first-aid is two-fold; firstly to an incident are somewhat primitive. This and all the
preserve the life of the patient and maintain his procedures to be described should be continued until
general well-being as far as is possible; and secondly the patient is seen by a doctor who will be able to
to prevent further injury or damage and avoid compli- advise on further measures and. also when activity can
cations. be gradually resumed. Sedation is of value in most
The first aid treatment of burns and mechanical cases and the simple sedatives available in most house-
injuries is fully covered in many excellent popular holds can be employed in moderation without harm.
books. It is not intended here to repeat this material In severe cases, particularly where there is pain,
in detail but rather to discuss the handling of cases morphia may be indicated but will, however, probably
from the point of view of the particular problems en- be only available to a few. Aspirin is useful, but as
countered in atomic warfare. The reader is recom- far as possible, the soluble varieties only should be
mended to study more simple books on First Aid and used since they are less irritant to the gut. The patient
learn the principles of emergency dressings, splinting should. be moved as little as possible particularly if
of bone fractures, prevention of bleeding and artificial there are fractures which will be at best fixed only
respiration. with make-shift splints. The patient should be kept
Nuclear radiation attacks the vital processes of the warm.
body in such a way as to bring about a state resem- An adequate diet is essentif8,1 to maintain the general
bling severe shock. The maintenance of the general vitality of the patient. Malnutrition in Japan in 1945
condition of the patient is of paramount importance- contributed not a little to the severity of the symptoms
of far greater importance than the tackling of minor experienced by victims at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
localised injuries. This applies also in burn and injury However, a certain type of diet is required. It should
34 35
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
be semi-solid and contain little irritant "roughage" The surface of the body generally and, of course,
(coarse bread, tough green vegetables and the less wounds in particular must be kept as far as possible
digestible parts of meat should be avoided). Too much absolutely clean and the use of mild disinfectants will
protein is a stimulant to the body processes so that the not be out of place. In a debilitated individual the nose
amount of this type of food should be not more than and mouth are specially subject to bacterial attack and
the basic daily requirement. A total of two to four should, therefore, be washed out frequently. Where
ounces of protein foods (cheese, meat, eggs) should breakdown or destruction of normal sanitary arrange-
cover this adequately. Plenty of vitamins and minerals ments has occurred, some means should be devised for
would be valuable and could be obtained from fruit, disposing of excreta in such a way that minimum con-
yeast products and vegetables in the form of juices or tamination of persons and foodstuffs is permitted.
purees. Of therapeutics, general and specific, little eJan be
The subject of fluids warrants special attention. said. Drugs will inevitably be scarce and the average
Loss of fluid above the normal may occur in several person has not the training to use them safely. To
ways. The injured case may have lost an appreciable discourage vomiting a good vitamin intake could be
amount of blood, and it is worth noting that from half maintained as d.escribed above and the anti-seasickness
to one pint can be lost into the site of a bone fracture drugs if available are fairly harmless and may help.
without any more evidence of it than moderate swell- Such drugs and equipment as are available will have
ing. Radi1ation damage to the gut brings about vomit- to be reserved primarily for intermediate type cases
ing and diarrh<Ea through which many pints a day can where recovery is possible. Those who have received
be lost. Finally the urine output may be increased on a small dose of radiation will normally clear up without
account of disturbance of the glandular mechanism treatment. The recipients of lethal or near lethal
controlling the kidneys. The first-aid worker will not doses are so likely to die that it will probably be un-
be able to do much more than ensure a sufficient intake economical to expend much time or expensive treat-
of fluid by mouth which should be such as to maintain ment on them. The onus of distinguishing between
a urine output of at least a quart daily. In a case types of case and allocating drugs, will, of course, rest
where the kidneys are disturbed. of course this will not with qualified physicians, first-aid measures should be
be a reliable guide and more fluid should be given. applied all round.
Victims who have lost much blood from any cause The prevention of radiation disease is being investi-
may need transfusions of blood, plasma, or plasma gated. Certain substances (notably cysteamine, for
substitutes and such cases should have the first atten- the chemically minded) have been found effective if
tions of doctors or trained personnel. given immediately before exposure, but their protec-
The body's ability to produce the substances which tive action wears off so rapidly that they do not repre-
afford natural protection against bacterial infection is sent a practical method. However, this does indicate
depressed by nuclear radiation. Furthermore, the that there are possibilities in this line of research.
depression of the blood-forming tissues means a great The removal of absorbed radio-active substances is
reduction in the white cells of the blood which consti- a difficult matter; various dietary procedures have
tute the first line of defence against infection. Great been tried and together with certain chemicals may be
care must, therefore, be taken with matters of hygiene. of some value. Treatment or prevention of the long
36 37
ALL ABOUT RADIATION
term effects remain an impossibility at present. Book Two
Nevertheless, some very recent work by Dr. L. Ron
Hubbard and the Huboord Association of Scientolo-
gists International, has indicated that a simple com-
bination of vitamins in unusual doses can be of value.
Alleviation of the remote effects and increased toler-
ance to radiation have been claimed as a result, and
the matter is obviously worthy of further impartial
researeh.
In all these rather depressing aspects of radiation,
the factor of expense and/or scarcity of equipment
looms large. The simple, if unorthodox, ideas, pre-
"Man's Inhumanity
sented in the remainder of this book are therefore
doubly welcome, and the reader is asked to consider
them with open-minded attention. To Man"
END.
38 39
FOREWORD. LECTURE ONE.
The second part of this book consists of extem- The Real Threat of Atomic Radiation.
poraneous extracts from Dr. L. Ron Hubbard's lectures
given to the Hubbard Association of Scientologists The subject of this lecture is "Radiation and
International's congress on "Nuclear Radiation and Health" ; its general aspect and the role that organisa-
Health" at the Royal Empire Society Hall between the tions such as Scientologists play in this field.
12th and 15th April, 1957. All I wish to demonstrate in this lecture is that the
The reason for this Congress, which included dele- H-bomb and radiation create, in the main, hysteria,
gates from South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and that that is their greatest danger at this time.
America, India, Brazil, Israel, Germany, France and As we speak of this you should realise that on the
Greece, was the alarming decline in the health of the face of earth today there is no ready solution for
peoples of Earth in general. The Scientologist, by radiation. We are talking about an unsolved. problem,
means of mental drills called processes, has the goal of one which could be solved with some brilliant work.
" making the able more able," but it has been observed The Scientologist is already doing his part in solving
that the average level of decline in health has become it.
an important factor which had to be investigated. Nuclear fission is an interesting subject and deeply
Dr. Hubbard, the founder of Scientology, observed concerns the Scientologist. Why? Because Scien-
the necessity of solving this factor as people's prob- tologists are interested in health and where there is a
lems regarding their general health level detracted radio-active atmosphere there is also a declining
more attention than was necess'ary during processing. health rate.
In other words, it became vital that the cause for this Tiredness, exhaustion, hopelessness and apathy all
occurrence be found and ameliorated. go hand in hand. These are the Four Horsemen of
After a period of two years in which Dr. Hubbard today. If I tell you that one of the most important
and a team of research Scientologists investigated parts of human thinkingness is the ability to confront
brainwashing, nuclear radiation, etc., the British a future, or to have a future or to find a future, and if
organization invited him to submit his findings to I tell you at the same time that nuclear fission says to
Scientologists in Europe, hence the Congress. ' you: "you will have no future," you can at once see
Scientology, the science of knowing, came out of the that it has depressing aspects which have not been
same crucible as the atomic bomb. It was developed broadly presented to the world.
for good, not evil. For that reason Scientology has A man's future normally depends upon his own
been called that branch of atomic science which deals actions, his ability to get on with his fellow men, his
with human ability. As its founder has been trained ability to do work, to make himself personable, to
as one of the first nuclear physicists it can be seen maintain his home and raise his family. Not so long
why. ago, in the South West part of the United States-
JOHANN TEMPELHOFF, D.D. which is incidentally saturated. with radiation at this
40 41
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
time - a medical doctor, an apparently sane man, The Greatest "Danger of Radiation.
after investigating the effects of radiation on health
and the way it influenced the future, shot ·a.nd killed his Today we are going to take up the subject of this
wife, five children a.nd committed suicide, leaving a question very brutally, bluntly and factually, and at
note saying that there will be no future for this race. the same time stress this message: " THE GREATEST
This is fairly grim. Hardly anybody knows any- DANGER OF RADIATION IS NOT SMALL INVIS-
thing at this time about nuclear fission. Hardly any- IBLE PARTICLES DRIFTING THROUGH THE
body has any idea of what it is doing 'and here is prob- AIR BUT THE HYSTERIA OCCASIONED BY THE
ably its greatest menace. It is something which hangs PROPAGANDA, THE MISUNDERSTANDING AND
in the air, something which sneaks in upon you, touch- THREAT WHICH ACCOMPANIES .IT." .
ing you and of which you aren't aware. Hysteria is the danger, not the particle, because thIS
We have Man living in a mysterious world. He is hysteria could, unless expertly handled, g~ow to such
getting sick from types of illnesses which his medical a peak that whole populaces could go entIrely out of
doctors do not glibly diagnose. The doctor says it is control of their own governments.
gastro-enteritis but of an unknown kind. since he has There are two ways of goin?" out of control. The
not seen it before, and the patient has the idea that it one is to get upset and throw brIcks through the PrIme
may be radiation that is making him ill. Minister's window or the White House. The other
Because he does not know and because this cannot way is simply to lie down and quit from the game of
be proven easily and because some governments today
have been somewhat less than straightforward on this life.
Somebody comes along and says, "Here, h ere, th e
subject, there is no easy way to know what is taking streets are dirty. Clean them," and the sweeper. says,
place. " Why? What's the use? There is no future!
In other words, a man raises his family. He has Som~body says to the school teacher, "Teach these
lots of children running around. They are going to go children" and she replies, "Why teach them? They
to school and he goes to work every day to get money will never live'" and somebody says, "The factory's
to support his family. He wants his children to be wheels must t~rn," and the mechanics say, "We are
healthy and one day they are sick. He cannot under- tired."
stand quite how or why, but one day he realises that That is an aspect which the great powers mayor
there is a high probability that his children will never may not have thought over. But i~ is. the onl~ 3;spect
grow to maturity. They are growing into a world . of real danger in the H-bomb at thIS ~Ime and. It IS the
which will not be there and he says, "What is the use main aspect in which we, as SCIentologists, are
then? Why should I raise this family? " interested.
That is very depressing and fills one with grave
concern. I would never join the ranks of those who The Russian Bomb.
attempt to drive people into hysteria simply for their
own gratification or political ambitions; I would a~ Russia is probably the foremost off~n~er in tpis
least attempt to discover and let people know the truth since the Russian bomb has the characterIstic of ha~mg
- truth without hysteria or question marks. more raw gamma than other bombs. The Umted
42 43
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
States has finally solved the problem of waste radiation phenomena was simply no more or less than, "What
in an explosion to a marked degree. U.S. bombs don't do electrons and nuclei do when one did something to
spray radiation all over the pl1ace to the degree that them?" and that included what happened to bread
they did when they were first being tested. That has crumbs when one threw them about.
been a direct result of testing and they have got that This whole subject was being grooved down, not by
problem solved. There now may be no real reason to anybody's choice or selection, to a very forceful study
go on testing, except perhaps to impress Russia. of splitting the atom and the splitting of the atom at
On the other side Russia has not so refined her that time was a fact. Everybody thinks the atomic
bomb and the amount of raw gamma which is being bomb suddenly blew into our knowledge full armed in
discharged is very serious. The bomb is not just ex- 1943 and 1945 when we bombed Japan. This is not
ploding as a bomb, but many times as much gamma is true. The atomic bomb technology was developed
being released as it should be. So it makes a very rather fully for decades before anybody put it to use.
dangerous atmospheric condition. It required somebody to sit down and write a cheque.
In the early stages of radiation the situation with The technology was there, but the tremendous amount
regard to testing is quite serious, but as it goes on this of money necessary to develop nuclear physics was
seriousness becomes quite minimal. In other words, not given. It was a war which made that possible and
there are less and less dangerous waste products. the cheque was written for three billion dollars and so
But Russia is an offender in another way. She has we actually got a bomb manufactured.
been making capital of the hysteria factor to prevent Nuclear physicists were in the 30's known as" Buck
other nations from developing nuclear fission. Her Rogers" boys-the comic strip character of science
theory is that if she can make populations sufficiently fiction - and there was nothing he could be used for.
hysterical she can halt bomb development dangerous He had no background that could be used in industry.
to herself. And only an expert would be able to call Rocketry was completely flat and left to the Germans
her lies lies. and the Russians. Any field that he might have entered
had no real use for him, so he either employed himself
My Own Background. as a civil engineer running a surveyor something of
the sort, or he turned to some other field of endeavour.
One might well ask what I know about this subject. Thus, lacking incentive, the only use I could put this
It is amusing that I should know anything about it Buck Rogers information to was Science Fiction. Like
because the basic reason for working in the field of the so many later physicists I wrote science fiction for
mind, Scientology, was based upon the use to which years and that was the only remunerative use I made
this information was being put in the early 1930's. of this material.
I was a member of the first class in nuclear physics But as far as nuclear physics is concerned the only
- we called it Atomic and Molecular Phenomena, of use I ever made of any of the material directly and
which nuclear physics is just a small part - which was intimately was to try to define the tiniest particle or
taught at the George Washington University. It was wavelength of energy in this universe.
not at that time as it is now, an open and shut subject. I realised that I would probably find that small par-
It permitted speculation. Atomic and molecular ticle in the human mind. I did a calculation to see
44 45
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
how memory is stored, and developed a theory that was They considered the mind as a brain which had
called "The Protein Molecule Theory of Memory actions and reactions of various kinds, but as nearly
Storage." I wrote this simply as a possibility and then as I could understand it, it had to be a mathematical
demonstrated later on in this thesis that it was an subject which should be developed by observation of
impossibility. The idea was that there were two to the people. As far as I could disc~ver, none of these thin~s
21st power binary digits of neurones in the brain and were being done. PsychologIsts were not mathematl-
each one of these with a hundred holes in it would act cians and did not know how to develop a theory mathe-
as a storage battery for human experience. I did the matically and extrapolate it in such a way as to get a
calculation and found that if you took all the percep- prediction of what the condition was.
tions and observations of a three months period and When I asked where this subject came from, they
stored them, even this vast number of neurones were answered that it was born in 1879, in Leipzig, Ger-
not sufficient to hold it. This theory came back from many, from the mind of a man called Wundt. But they
Austria as an Austrian development and a fact with had no textbook written by him and nobody seriously
exactly the same computation - I found that mine had contributed to this subject and I got a suspicion that
a mathematical error in it - which I made back in somebody was kidding somebody and was pretending
1938, and they didn't say that it was unworkable. They to know something about something about which
said that this was the way in which human memory nothing was known.
is stored. I was shocked to discover that there was no Anglo-
The search for the smallest particle led me over to American technology of the mind-only some German
the psychology department of the George Washington guesses. This, to me, was a serious thing. We are
University and I asked what proved to be very em- given to believe that the field of the mind is very
barrassing questions, such as " How do people think?" definitely covered, that a great deal is known about it.
which was never answered but incoherently explained I had just been studying a subject, nuclear physics,
in a most unscientific manner. I was in the field of which threatened to disturb the mental equilibrium
engineering and here one had for instance a person of the world in future years. "Someday somebody will
such as a specialist in chemical material. When one want to know something about the mind"', I said to
went over to him to ask a question, he answered it. myself and so I went on about my work, studied, to a
With a shock I received the information that there degree in the subject, whatever good that was, and as
was no functioning department devoted to the human I wrote and lived and fought through the second world
mind which could scientifically answer questions about war, my attention stayed on this research project. The
it. Hencg. my interest quickened. materials just kept mounting up.
They could tell me a lot about the reactions of rats It seemed to me that it became more and more neces-
when put in mazes, but not how rats thought. They sary that man should know something more about the
said the subject was called psychology, meaning mind. In view of the fact that some of my friends in
"psyche" a Greek word meaning "soul", but in the World War Two went a bit off' their heads, I found
same breath told me that they didn't believe in a soul that there was some use of knowledge about the mind
because it couldn't be proven. Here was, for my infor- and thinkingness. This then has been my actual use
mation, a serious hole in man's culture. of what I was taught about mathematics and physics.
46 47
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
Man is not a machine. rationally workable. These men said one thing: "We
wish to overthrow the government of the United
I found through continuous observation that "basic- States by force".
ally man is not a machine, however much he loves That is an astonishing chapter in the field of nuclear
machinery. Whatever man consists of, he is basically physics which only a few of us know about. There
NOT EV fL, he is merely ignorant." was a revolt and later on offices opened in the United
With these findings came a considerable amount of States to propagandize the public in a movement led
technical information concerning man's reactions to by the late Albert Einstein.
various stimuli such as electricity, light, smell, various Arwine and I failed and withdrew our support from
types of reactions which culminate now in his reaction that meeting and did our best to calm them. We re-
to nuclear fission. ported the findings to the Navy Department and the
President. We said that we could not associate our
The Revolt of the American Nuclear Physicists. names with this organisation. But the atomic physi-
cist did try and he is not going to do much more be-
At the end of World War 2 a friend of mine, Lt. cause Albert Einstein is dead.
Commander of the Coast Guard, Johnny Arwine, and The other day I read the list of atomic scientists
myself went to the California Institute of Technology who are now dead. It is practically the whole roster.
-Caltec-to meet with a great many old time atomic They died of leukaemia, cancer and the very diseases
physicists who had been at the project that dropped radiation sickness breeds. They died to a marked de-
the original bomb-from Los Alamos Gordas. It was gree of radiation, mostly I suppose mentally because
our intention to organize these people so that some they have exerted a tremendous overt act against the
sort of sensible control could be monitored across the world and have been unable to repair it in any way.
bomb. Nobody had thought about it at this date and That is Clear fact and not propaganda. I am just
Johnny Arwine and I were still in uniform. We were stating that there was a background where the nuclear
both in the world of engineering, then in the world of physicist did attempt to revolt. The punishment taken
arts and then finally in the Services. Neither of us against him was severe. The information given here
had a thing to do with atomic fission in its develop- is not even vaguely confidential and I am not in the
ment. possession of any confidential material.
We got these atomic physicists together. I took the From that time on it was what seemed to be a lost
chair and Arwine addressed them. We spoke of using cause. We knew that the world was certainly in
a propaganda weapon against anyone who would use danger from the theory of atomic war, but I am afraid.
atomic fission further against the human race. We that none of us were clever enough to realise that con-
planned to use any means we had to educate the people tinued testing would take place since it seemed so
in the world concerning this. stupid. None of us counted on the factor that the airs
The nuclear physicist was already so furious about of the earth would be polluted with radiation. That
this that Arwine and I could not control the meeting. was not part of our understanding and so the only new
We could keep them in their place, tell them to talk thing that has happened here, has been a certain care-
but we couldn't get across any thought that was even lessness for public welfare in the continued testing of
48 49
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
50 51
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
52 53
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
criticises this statement. It asks: .. Where is your the gamma. Stop, stop ...." and as this is going on
data and what is it? How do you know? What do all the time when we are bombarded with radiation,
you mean supposing that 6,000 babies are not import- the body finally says, .. I am stopped." The body
ant? Supposing one of them was yours?" senses that there is an influence around it which it
must stop because its survival is being endangered.
The Question Mark. It feels that it must resist the rays in one way or an-
other and the body gets hurt.
Out of this we get a tremendous question mark. Oddly enough Cosmic Rays and X-rays act the
WHETHER RADIATION IS FLOATING ACROSS same way.
THE WORLD OR NOT IS NOT THE POINT.
THERE IS A QUESTION MARK FLOATING
ACROSS THE WORLD. Is it, or isn't it there? The The Slight Effects of Radiation.
question mark is radiation itself.
~he slighter effects of radiation, very generally and
How Radiation hurts a human body. rapIdly, takes on some of these aspects: hives skin
irritation, flushes of one kind or another gastro
How does radiation hurt a human body? Nobody ent~ritis,.sinusitis and" colds," colitis, exhausted achy
can tell, but the following may be crudely stated. A feelmgs m the bones, glandular malfunction and so
sixteen foot wall cannot stop a gamma ray but a body forth. We ,are here looking at effects one w~uld nor-
can. We thus get down to our number one medical mally experience from an overdose of radiation.
question: How is it that gamma rays go through
walls but don't go through bodies? We can plainly
see that ,a body is less dense than a wall. The Serious Effects of Radiation.
We have to go into the field of the mind if we can-
not find out the answer in the field of anatomy. The serious reactions of atomic radiation all sum
up to cancer - bone cancer, lung cancer skin cancer
Resistance. and so on. If a medical doctor inspected this very
I can fortunately tell you what is happening when c!osely.he would find that leukaemia had an associa-
a body gets hurt by atomic radiation. It RESISTS tIon wIth cancer.
the rays! The wall doesn't resist the rays and the Cancer merely says" We cannot go on. Procreation
body does. . from here on is impossible on a cellular level.'" The
A gamma my doesn't often settle in the body. It cells feel that they can no longer procreate and instead
goes through but its passage through the body creates o~ procreating in .co-operation with the body the cells
a sensation of some kind, which if too recurrent is SImply procreate m a wild and abandoned manner in
resisted on the part of the cells and the body. This sOl?e o~her dirt;ction. In other words, the cells are
resistance itself brings about the stark chaos that one ~rIven mto an mdependent action or reaction in the
observes in .. no future." lInes of growth.
The reaction of the mind to the bomb is that we . That is o~e type of .cancer. The other basic type is
have" no future" any more. The body says, "Stop SImply erOSIve, corrOSIve, death of tissue, malignancy.
54 55
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
Both are associated with "no future" as a mental that if he kills all the cats everybody will be in good
reaction. condition again. There is no reason for this sudden
enthusiasm but somebody got the idea that they carry
What Man Faces. some disease or other.
That is what man faces in an atomic war, merely Somebody else will say that the government is the
obliteration. There are other less important factors cause. They will want to kill the government mem-
which are dramatic and which lie between the two bers. People will lie down in the streets preventing
extremes if Earth became charged with radiation in buses and lorries from moving in cities. It will be a
a war. total mis--assignment of cause. These people will be
For instance, a man who was never tired, might looking for a cause for their ill-health, and if they
one day start feeling tired. We find that he might be cannot find one, they will assign it rather ridiculously.
holding a mental image picture of Trafalgar Square. Every time one gets some kind of national question
We ask him what happened at Trafalg,ar Square and mark of this character, mis-assignment of cause takes
he cannot think of anything. He wasn't run over by place and people start doing strange things. Great
a taxi, nothing startled him. Nothing happened there Britain might not be in the war at all but her popu-
to account for this picture being held in his mind and lace would possibly feel they were fighting.
yet he is "stuck mentally" in Trafalgar Square.
Why? He got a blast of radiation at that point. The For example, a man was on a tug in Pearl Harbour
wind blew around the corner and stuck him in that when Japanese were flying over and bombing the
spot because the wind had radiation in it. His body harbour. He told his men to pick up potatoes and
sensed it. He resisted it. He" stuck his sense of throw them at the planes. The sailors stood there,
time" in Trafalgar Square. throwing potatoes at planes three or four hundred
Whenever one gets one of these overwhelming feet above them.
mysteries one gets mentally upset. How would such These men knew what was wrong. They knew it
a man react? He would one day get tired of being . was the bombers and the bombs. If they couldn't do
tired. He would feel that he is going to die anyway anything at all, they would have turned around and
and so he might as well do something desperate. He said that it was the captain's fault. Having no outlet
is being told to do something. He feels that he should for their expression of outrage and not being able to
react and he doesn't know which direction to react to. define the cause, they would fictitiously assign it to
That is the main problem. He cannot account for this ' something else.
effect upon himself, so he thinks that there must be Because men cannot do anything to strike back
some accounting for it. So he assigns a cause to some against this thing called radiation they are then liable
other agency than radiation. to strike at things which are not connected with it.
One might thus eventually have a tumultous, hardly
The Mis-assignment of causes for Sickness. controlled society. That is the only real danger in my
mind of radiation at large at this time, for the United
One will sooner or later find this man saying, "What Nations may very well produce some sort of solution
is making us ill here in London is cats!" He thinks to put a brake on the testing of atomic bombs.
56 57
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Mr. Stassen's statement is a very interesting new item This is a rather hideous commentary on the prac-
which doesn't have the space and headlines it deserves. tises of man and begins long before we ordinarily
It reads: "Scientists won't make H-bombs. Eighteen think of its having begun. In 1870 Hotchkiss desired
top German scientists led by 78-year-old Otto Hahn. to end war by developing a weapon so violent that no
a pioneer of nuclear fission. today told Chancellor one would dare fight war and he invented the Hotch-
Adenaur. 'We refuse to take any part whatsoever in kiss gun. It has been used in every war since.
making. testing or firing atomic weapons.''' One hears often about the Nobel Peace Prizes.
The revolt which failed in the United States is con- T.N.T. was invented by Nobel to make war so horrible
tinuing in other countries. It is very difficult to find that man would not fight it and we see today a reflec-
a nuclear physicist today who will stand in and read tion of that aim in the Nobel Peace Prizes. Neverthe-
the meters, who will do the mathematical computa- less Nobel invented the T.N.T. that laid European
tions or anything else. These men are men too. They cities and London in ruin in World War 2. This man
have families and they know very well that their own wanted no more war, so through threat and fear and
children, their wives and themselves could be made duress he thought to drive man into an opinion that
extremely ill and that civilisation, which they have war could no longer be fought.
been brought up to cherish is likely to disappear in This has always been the case. One hired a big
the next war. This is as undesirable to them as it is enough army, armed it well. taught the enemy that it
to us or any other citizen anywhere else in the world. was sufficiently ferocious and thought that war would
What is a government up against? Why doesn't a be too horrible for an enemy to fight. But every time
govern~ent simply say, "Well. this is an undesirable it has brought war. Evidently war is not a good
weapon, and we will at once dispense with it? .. method of controlling other nations since it has never
worked. Man should observe from the errors of the
The Use of Science in War. past that this method never will work.
Modern governments have gone very deeply into Scientific Weapons.
the world of science in order to execute their battles. Today man is using scientific weapons. The scien-
At one time governments depended exclusively upon tific complexities which lie back of airplanes, T.N.T.
a man with a weapon in his hand. They depended on bombs and so forth are quite f,antastic. Some of
him to go in and bring a better state of compliance on them, such as the proximity bombs have 2,000
the part of some neighbour. They no longer depend separate connections per weapon. The most intricate
on that soldier. They have developed weapons that thing one ever saw is one of these radar shell anti-
are much more important to them than the courage of aircraft weapons. And they are quite deadly. They
!nfantry. These weapons have also already been used throw ammunition up into the vicinity of an aircraft
III World. War 2, so we are not talking about fictitious and as it explodes it is made certain by the aircraft
weapons. Every bit of scientific lore which can be radar that the plane is in its centre. These are called
accumulated by scientists in the hope that it may proximity shells. It was those shells which made it
better the lot of their fellow men, has eventually been possible for U.S. battleships to sail close to the very
employed in the destruction of men. shores of Japan during the end days of World War 2.
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Brainwashing - a Political Weapon. that way. Only then does a man believe that the
erroneous fact was a truth. By gradient scale of
How much further has man gone? hammering, pounding and torture brainwashers are
In 1927 or 1928 he developed ~ political weapon able to make people believe that these people saw and
called" Brainwashing.'" A Russian by the name of did things which they never did do. But its effective-
Pavlov, who had been experimenting with the ness is minor as Russia does not know enough about
reactions and conditioning of dogs, was brought to the the human mind even though we recently taught noth-
Kremlin by Stalin. He was put in a separate room ing but German-Russian theory in our schools.
and was asked to write everything he knew concern- Nevertheless Pavlov himself directing the use of
ing the conditioning and actions of animals as it might his original manuscript was certainly effective on the
apply to the human being. He wrote a 400-page top Russian officials in those treason trials that
manuscript which since that day has never left the shocked the world in 1928. These men never did any-
Kremlin. thing that they admitted to having done. They simply
Immediately after that in 1928 we saw the astonish- had been conditioned into believing they had.
ing factor of cabinet ministers and Russian Officials Brainwashing was attempted on Mindzensky. It
confessing to the most outrageous crimes. These men didn't work, but for a moment he quivered and
walked up before the bar of justice and at their own wavered ~t his trial. Brainwashing is not an effective
trials condemned themselves glibly. That was the weapon, but it could be worked on, developed and
first the world saw of brainwashing. In the Korean with the information about the mind denied to the
war less expert people used these same techniques on rest of the human race and kept secret, brainwashing
the troops who were employed by the United Nations could be made to be effective.
in the Korean war. If that happened society could be made into slaves.
Brainwashing is child's play. One shouldn't be
very worried about brainwashing. Some twenty per Knowledge about the Mind must not be kept secret.
cent of the soldiers who are captured in battle will Anything which is known about the mind and has
crack up in prison camps and brainwashing does not benefitted human beings, must be permitted to exist
violate this percentage. The man who invented it in public view. It must be possible for anyone to lay
and the people who have used it are not sufficiently his hands on how to undo such things as brainwash-
acquainted with the mind in order to make it very ing. Therefore there must never be a restriction of
effective. An inspection of brainwashing cases demon- technologies concerning the human mind. These must
strates that it worked only occasionally. never be buried. There must never be a hierarchy in
some universities that dictates the only technique that
What Brainwashing Is. may be used or invalidates the abilities of people who
can work in the field of the mind.
Brainwashing is a very simple mechanism. One It would be a very dangerous thing to the human
gets a person to agree that something might be a race if such a group existed. Why? Because we have
certain way and then drives him by introverting him this thing called brainwashing and because it became
and through self-criticism to the possibility that it is lit war weapon.
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m~d already because Pavlov never did find out how to trolling government will collapse and can then be
drIve a really sane man insane. He merely found out changed.
how to utilise insipient madness. Alexander the Great did this much more rapidly.
Whenever he went up against an enemy ruler he took
The Problems of the Governments. his Companion Cavalry, rode through the ranks, found
the enemy ruler and cut him to pieces. This was his
I only talk to you about brainwashing to show that idea of tactics and strategy. He has been criticised
&:ove~nments ?o ~ave problems. One says that radia- as a strategist because he didn't worry about popula-
tIO~ I~ not th~s kmd of problem? A government uses tions. He simply went and annihilated the other
rad~atI01?- agamst the population of other countries or government. He wasn't really against the govern-
a~amst Its own, therefore radiation could not be this ment or the household of the ruler. He just killed the
kmd of problem? head of state and in the case of Darius even married
It is.. Radiation is much more a deadly threat to a his wife. He didn't worry much about the population.
c~ntrahzed ~overnment than it ever was to a popula-
tIon.. Th~t IS an adventurous statement to make, but He merely took it over.
He was very direct. He took the person out of con-
Ru~sla wIll rue the day that she dabbled in atomic
trol of the government by killing him. Modern war
fissIon as a war weapon. How is this? philosophy is different. One hammers and pounds the
The History of War. population one way or another until it can no longer
be controlled. They figure that the government then
One has .to understand something about the history collapses. This is the basis on which modern war is
of war. BIg tomes have been written on this subject fought.
but I wi!l briefly mention something about it. '
The hIstory of war is the history of CONTROL. Anti-population Weapons.
The en~ goal of war is to throw out of its control the So now we use weapons which are anti-population
populatIOn under a government. This is just a little weapons. They didn't use a short sword at the throat
more advanced than the last definition of war in about of Kaiser Bill. They used machine guns aimed at the
1792, which was rather lengthier and is summed up troops of Kaiser Bill. They overran the towns and
as follows: "to compel some compliance and obedience villages and population. More modernly they bomb
on the part of the other government." That is not the factories and cities of Kaiser Bill so as to make
really what war is supposed to do. We are supposed the population give up. The population can no longer
to throw another nation's population out of control so continue therefore the government can no longer con-
that we can supplant the government or its attitudes tinue. In other words, the population is out of control.
and give them their population back in control again.
The Ideal Weapon.
War against the Population. What would be an ideal weapon to bring about this
Modern warfare is levied against the populations state? I am afraid it is a very simple answer, namely:
of other governments, on the theory that it will fall Tested Radiation. If one kept testing radiation other
away from the controlling government and the con- populaces would get nervous. They would say, "can't
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we have peace one way or another?" In the face of tegy and tactics. When one has a weapon against
radiation-impregnated atmosphere one has a different which there is no defence, governments become
attitude here and a government which does not have extinct.
radiation is apt to get worried about the governments
who do, because an effect is being rendered against The First Unlimited Weapon.
their population which them themselves cannot halt. There is a period which is covered mostly by legend
Remember that there is no defence against a radia- between 1500 and 1200 B.C. where an unlimited wea-
tion-impregnated atmosphere at this time. pon swept out of the steppes of Russia and smashed
So one actually has the end goal of war being every civilization which existed in Europe. It des-
executed in times of peace simply by sabre rattling. troyed it so thoroughly that we haven't any records of
But this again is a very old philosophy. One took a it having happened, except in the poems of Homer.
large armed force and paraded it and everybody said: Such early periods were considered very legendary
"We don't want anything to do with that army. Let's until a German found the ruins of the city of Troy-
have peace with those people". We couldn't get any and it was concluded that Homer was writing about a
enthusiasm of the populace towards fighting. How- real fight. However, according to Homer, this
ever, this is more sweeping since it is not localised occurred before the history of Troy.
against the other government and so we have en- The horse and sword was the unlimited weapon
countered an unlimited weapon without direction since which swept out from the steppes of Russia across
atomic testing is as deadly against ones own popula- Europe just as it did in 1200 A.D. The nations of
tion as of other nations. Europe were without defence against cavalrymen.
Here we get political problem number one of the Infantry could not stand to a cavalryman. He was
atomic bomb. It can throw the very government that mounted, swift, his sabre and sword penetrated any
uses it out of control. It throws everybody out of con- existing armour and with or without formation or
trol. The more it is tested or used, the more out of plan he could overrun any city. Nothing known then
control populations get-for what is hysteria but the could stop him. It was not until recent times that
phenomenon of being out of control? men put a pike in alternate files and so stopped
cavalry from charging and wiping up the infantry-
Unlimited Weapons. Napoleonic times, which is very recent. But nothing
It is an historical fact that the history of weapons like this stood against the cavalrymen as they came in
has brought up several which were unlimited and from Russia.
against which there was no known defence at that These men carried everything before them. There
particular period. A weapon against which there is was nothing like an organised government throughout
no defence becomes an unlimited weapon and when the length and breadth of the Mediterranean or
these have appeared on the stage of man, govern- Europe for 200 years.
ments have collapsed. Formal government cannot Then somebody got a defence for it and once more
exist in the presence of an unlimited weapon. governments could exist because a defence existed
This is a very factual, down-to-earth statement and against the man mounted on a horse with his sword.
it is something which appears in the textbooks of stra- That invention was the wall. That seems like an
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Chiang Kai Tsek would like to say that he is the
elementary invention but it certai~ly stopped this government of China, but he cannot protect any part
inrush of cavalry, and men could bUIld a wall around of the land or the population of China from the com-
their cities could enclose their populaces and protect munist aggression into that country. Therefore he
them agai~st these expeditions which had rendered is not the sovereign state of China. Clinging to this
everything chaotic throughout Europe. myth could be foolish.
Not even its own government on the steppes that A government is a government so long as it pro-
originally sent those men survived their use. That tects the land and citizens against its aggressors.
government also had been swallowed up and no record What does the H-bomb do? There is no defence
of its existence is left. against it. These weapons are going to come in as
Where there is an unlimited weapon there is no guided missiles, thousands of miles an hour. Not even
government possible. Why? Because no city can be a warning system can spot them before they land.
possible. Nobody can sit down anywhere and govern Only a few percent would have to get through to ren-
from anywhere. The moment one actually sat down der everything in chaos, but more importantly, there
and started governing and communication lines is this thing called bomb testing and saturation of the
started coming in and taxes were being collected, some atmosphere by radiation. That itself is unstabilising
irresponsible guerilla band, no longer part of the the population as it shows them it is impossible for a
enemy's regular army, would sweep down and destroy government to protect the population.
the city. No police were possible. There was .no In the presence of an unlimited weapon the govern-
policing of the roads, not even a man on a horse WIth ment tends to decentralise and disperse. It tends to
a sword could fight a man on a horse with a sword. leave the area of government and to govern from all
These tactics were not developed for centuries after- over the place. That dispersal is already in effect in
wards. almost every nation on earth. They are no longer
The only point which I am making is this: there is governing from one place, but are spreading out into
an unlimited weapon and it kills a government. There other cities. We are told it is the housing problem,
is a weapon against which there is no defence and it but I still have to see the government that wouldn't
makes government impossible. That is why people are simply kick out a few tenants and make more room
worried about the fission bomb and why they would next door.
like to get together and sign a treaty which says: "No We look into this very carefully and find that
more atomic bombs, please". governments always have been upset about unlimited
What is a Sovereign State? weapons. They don't know what to do about them and
therefore they are a much bigger problem to the
In international law we find that a sovereign state government than to a populace, because government
protects the land and people of a country and a itself is trying to survive as itself as a sovereign
government is sovereign only so long as it can-and power.
this is the crux of sovereignty--protect the country l! a government doesn't do something early in the
and its people from agressors. When a government career of an unlimited weapon, it no longer has the
can no longer do so it senses the loss of some of its power to do any thing about this. Sooner or later it
sovereignty.
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has to realise that it is out of control. It will have to man probably has been sitting up all night thinking
get into agreement with some other governments and about how the government has to be kept going with
do something about it. Their effort is continually to such a crisis hanging over his head.
get some sort of treaty or agreement by which this What the government needs is solutions, assistance
thing won't be used. and help. But what reaction do we get against the
It will have to be a very good treaty or agreement government? We get, "We won't work in this field
because man so far has always used, has never failed any more". "We are not going to help you". Pure
to use the weapons he possessed. hysteria.
The Value of Weapons. But there are people who will help governments.
But the governments are so used to nobody helping
As far as a weapon is concerned its total value is them that after a while they tend to despair. It would
to upset the control capabilities of a government and be up to anybody who knew something about the sub-
its people. All a weapon is for is to unsettle this other ject to give them a hand because their power is
government and throw it out of control. already crumbling on the subject of atomic radiation.
Russia's current attempts to make the populations They need to be bolstered up in this year of 1957.
of other countries unstable with false propaganda Governments of the Western world know or sense
about H-bombs is only a routine effort to knock out these problems. They would give anything for some
governments by throwing their populaces out of the good solutions.
control of their governments. That done, Russia hopes All the government needs to know is how to defend
the new government would be a communist govern- itself against the atomic bomb or to get a good enough
ment-but the question is, when Russia has thrown reason to abandon testing.
other populations out of control could Russia or any-
body else control them? The Atomic Bomb is not a Weapon.
But what about a weapon that throws ones own Let's be less vague about this. One cannot success-
government out of control as well? Then it ceases to fully use radiation in war. To call it a war weapon or
be a weapon. That becomes international suicide. to call it a weapon at all is being childish. It is not a
Governments do not articulate this but they sense it weapon for a weapon that kills off everyone or makes
and they endeavour to act in the direction of trying to future control impossible by anyone everywhere and
do something before it is too late. Therefore there is which kills off one's own people as well is not a good
no real need of pressuring the government. war weapon. It is not useful in war.
We must help the government. If the United States were to bomb Russia, the
amount of radiation thrown into the atmosphere
People shouldn't go around pressuring the govern- would be so great that the population of the United
ment and saying to the government that it has to States might possibly be wiped out by the effect of
abandon this or that, or mustn't do this or that. There its own bombs without Russia having retaliated.
is no sense really in throwing a vast number of rotten There would be a tremendous amount of atomic fission
tomatoes at somebody on a governmental level simply generated in the atmosphere of Russia. There would
because he hasn't come up with a solution. The poor be enough radiation in the air to seriously affect the
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population of the United States. 2! hours ago: "Isn't it a shame they thought it up?"
Similarly, if Russia bombed the United States there Neither man has met the other, but they are both cer-
would be sufficient radiation in the atmosphere- tainly in agreement that it is not a weapon but a
atomic testing for 20 years wouldn't accumulate the regretableness.
amount of radiation set off in that the residue would The use of the bomb could. be international suicide.
come back over to Russia which is but a very short All the governments of the world are practically
distance away over the North Pole. The next thing fixated on the idea of atomic fission, which is no
would be that the Russian population would be in very weapon and puts them, as we say in Scientology, in a
poor condition. no-games condition. Almost any upstart little nation
could suddenly come forward and develop something
Int€1"national Suicide. which was a weapon against which we had no immedi-
So what is this thing? As it is not a practical war ate defense but against which there was a defense and
weapon one must then consider it a sort of bogy man. immediately enforce its will upon the world. Another
Everybody's hoping that nobody will find this out better weapon than the H-bomb could enter the world
about it. But it might be used in war. Nations do and win!
commit suicide. Japan committed suicide in World Has there ever been a simple weapon, managed by
War 2 although one may not have noticed it. She a few, that conquered large areas of Earth? There
knew very well that she might not win against the was.
United States and England combined. Japan's own
officers were known to make this remark. But they The Assassins.
had to "save face'" and rather than have their honour The government of Arabia in 1200 A.D. knew very
go completely overboard they were perfectly willing well what a weapon was. It was a trooper. With his
to commit suicide by attacking the United States. sword and shield and bow, his formations and officers,
That they were committing suicide is rather evident this man drawn up in rank was a weapon. The cavalry
because they did not follow up their attacks seriously. had worked up to a tremendous peak which one hears
Maybe if they hadn't been committing suicide they about in the incursions of Ghengis Khan. All the
might have accomplished more than they did. governments in the Middle East knew the value of
Russia is at a national mental level which has been this weapon.
known to do suicidal things and to say that the fact But there was a man by the name of Hassan (ibn)
that it kills everybody will prevent somebody froill' Sabbah and he had a cult named the Shitte sect. This
using the bomb, 'is folly. man and some of his people went and built a mountain
If it is a weapon against whom is it one? Nobody strunghold which was so strong that Tamerlane him-
knows. It really is a calamity. "It is too bad they ever self felt dared and destroyed it much later, but only
thought it up", a line which I caught from a New Tamerlane with all his troops could do this and then
York taxi driver. He said: "It's too bad they ever after the weapon had been in successful use for hun-
thought that thing up". That was his total comment dreds of years.
on it. Hassan built his impregnable stronghold and in the
Comment from a London taxi driver not more than middle of its courtyards, sitting on the peak, he built a
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heaven of milk and honey-with actual rivers of milk. Middle East and Persia would at once despatch any-
He hired a number of houris-lovely girls-and taught thing required. The Sultans were terrified of these
them how to amuse a man. He then sent some of his heaven-deluded youths who carried out the orders of
men with some hash-hish-which was the weapon- the cult.
to spot a good looking rather stupid young man. They There was no defence against a young man who be-
gave him some hash-shish at the local inn, knocked lieved that by assassinating the head of another
him out and put him in a basket on a donkey and took government he would regain a paradise he had already
him back to the stronghold. When he regained con- tasted. That was an unlimited weapon and it all but
sciousness he was sitting in Paradise, with forty black destroyed the governments of the Middle East. That
eyed houris and rivers of milk and honey. cult lived for almost three hundred years, the most
And he said, as anyone would, "Where am I?" and stable government, if one can call it a government, of
he was told quite glibly and promptly: "Son, this is the Middle East.
heaven. You've arrived". They let him stay around That is a mad story but history is a parade of mad-
for a couple of days. He found this very pleasant and nesses. What if some government with all the other
wanted to stay for a long time, but they said: "You governments of the world. fixated on the idea of atomic
have been brought to heaven prematurely. It is neces- fission, say, to be extremistic, developed sleElP rain?
sary that you perform a small task for Allah, and if This rain would fall over a city and everybody would
you are sure to get yourself killed in the performance go to sleep. It would not hurt anybody, but people
of this task, and if it is successful, we can guarantee certainly would go to sleep. This is certainly not out-
that you will again appear in heaven". side the scope of chemical weapons. .
They slipped him some hash-shish and took him Scientists left to their own devices sit around and
down the mountain. He was placed in the vicinity of a "dream-up" weapons. The weapon I have just spoken
palace. Now he had been told that the one deed that about I heard of in a conference of scientists of West-
would get him back into heaven would be the assassina- ern Electric. They had it all worked out-the number
ti.on of that Sultan. The Sultan out for his morning of parts and materials to be used, and they were chal-
rIde surrounded by the fine young weapons of his day, lenging a chemist from a nearby chemical works for
would behold a young man, scimitar in hand, leaping the details. One would have thought that they were
out of the crowd and off would go the Sultan"s head. the Grand Council for something or another, charged
Of course, the guards would punch this young man full with the entire responsibility for annihilating the
of holes and he would be dead. human race. They decided that it was workable, how
The the Old Man of the Mountain would inform the one would go about constructing sleep rain and then
people that the Assassins were the authors of the deed lost interest. They all got drunk instead of making the
and all that group had to do or infer was that some world go to sleep.
ruler at whatever distant realm or clan had done some- An Interim Weapon.
thing' displeasing to the Assassins and that they now
require three camel loads of gold, five replacements of Sleep rain might be called an interim weapon. It
women and amnesty in all directions for anybody con- would be very effective because no country can govern
nected with their cult, and the sultans of the entire its population if they are all asleep. They would simply
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wake up and find the occupying force sitting in the paper. It would be impossible to fight a war.
palace or parliament. The facts of the case then, as far as war weapons
One of the more amazing frames of mind occur in are concerned, is that they needn't be serious at all.
man when he suddenly finds his citadel invested as he I have read through Nikolai Tesla's-the man who
wakes up in the morning. During the war some invented alternatin~ currents, the Tesla coils, who
Marines had a similar idea. A group of Japanese sud- spoke about ground waves, etc.-private papers and
denly woke up to find that they were all tied up. They diaries which have never been exhibited to the public
couldn't move or go any place. They were totally in- and he has some interesting ideas about this.
vested. The calmness of the investing force was rather He stated feasibly of creating a standing electrical
fantastic. They had slipped up on a beach unexpectedly wave on one side of earth that would then appear on
and surrounded the barracks. There wasn't any sentry the other side of earth because of the spherical effect
because that area was so far out of the war zone that of current flows. In other words, if one were to send
they didn't expect any danger from anybody. The a tramp steamer down in the South Pacific and have
Japanese were very friendly, and even cooked rice for it pump electricity in the ocean-create a standing
everybody. It may not look much like a war to us, but wave there-all radio communication in Moscow would
they certainly were under control of the investing become static and anything you would want to put on
force. the air would then appear as the only message in
In other words, the control of the population of a Moscow radio stations.
base had changed, which is the end and goal of war. Scientists dream up these weapons but normally
There are weapons that can be developed and pro- thinking in terms of prank. But what if a group of
bably the greatest danger unknown to the government German or English or Argentinian scientists were
is that somebody might develop one. If everybody is liable to create one of these weapons while the rest
spending 99'7'0 of their national income on atomic were entirely fascinated on the subject of atomic
fission and somebody is willing to spend a couple of fission ? We would perhaps wake up one morning and
billion on some mad weapon like sleep rain, we ':\'ould find ourselves part of the Argentinian Empire.
be totally caught-and unexpectedly so.
I think it would be awfully hard for people if one The second danger of the Atomic Bomb.
dropped crows feet over a city like Cairo-crows feet So we get the second greatest danger of the atomic
are little pins that have four points and when they bomb. It paralyses observation of scientific possi-
are dropped, they land on three spikes and leave the bilities in war. In itself it is not a weapon but poten-
fourth one in the air. If all one wants to do is throw tial calamity for all. It is then a personal menace to
a population out of control and fight some political you and me by concentrating the attention of govern-
activity that has to do with governments, why drag ments upon itself and leaving us wide open to any-
the rest of humanity in? Why should anybody get thing.
seriously hurt? Any nation that creates one of these interim
For instance, a certain way to destroy the United weapons with everybody defending against nothing
States Government would be simply to introduce to but atomic bombs could cast an empire across the face
the country a paper worm that would eat up all the of earth with the greatest of ease, with no opposition
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anywhere.
The best program in which a country could pro-
bably engage would then be fourfold: THIRD LECTURE
1. It could make or borrow enough H-bombs and
missiles to secure it for a moment. Radiation and Scientology.
2. It could then bargain H-bombs as a weapon out
of existence on some practical basis. In this lecture I will deal with Radiation and Scien-
tology. There are a number of things which have been
3. It could develop good and practical psychological learned during the past few years in Scientology which
weapons and better and strengthen its control directly relate to radiation and it would be a great
of populations, and shame not to make these things known to the public at
4. It could develop a real weapon that could be used this time.
in International Policing not an H-bomb the use We already have data of sufficient importance and
of which or even the ownership of which makes reliability to demonstrate that the Scientologist by
war impossible and thus policing impossible. processing and by processing of others can very
The future of our race depends upon a continued easily nullify many of the dangers of such a thing as
fluid alertness of the part of the governments into all a polluted atmosphere to a person.
branches of science and a complete and continuous We care very little about whether there is radiation
good communication line to scientists such as doctors in the atmosphere because a person who is in excellent
of medicine, nuclear physicists and Scientologists to physical condition does not particularly suffer mentally
discover what is known, being done and what we can and thus physically from the effects of radiation. When
do. Then our answer to the whole problem is that we a person is at a level where his general physical health
could tell then what could be done scientifically. is good, then this worry is not capable of depressing
There IS something that the governments of earth him into ill-health. Radiation is more of a mental than
can do. a physical problem and Scientology handles that.
The factors in Scientology which are most definitely
I don't say that anybody will effect this, or that we influenced. by radiation are the factors which are most
ourselves will bring any pressure to bear in any direc- definitely influenced by life. When we try to divide a
tion, but there is one thing that they all can do and peculiar illness from the general illness of being alive
that is to become more civilized; they can better their we are at once in conflict with the fact that man is as
diplomacy and their understanding of Man and make well as he is well. If each one of the infinite number
real their communication lines amongst nations. of factors which can make him ill had to be taken up
It is in the interests of a government to make the separately and independently and distinctly with an
control of any people better, not worse. H-bombs entirely different treatment, we would discover our-
worsen control in peace as well as war. Therefore they selves with our noses always and forever stuck into
are not a weapon that works in the favour of any the newest and latest disease.
government on Earth. The answers to world peace are We don't do that although we are aware of the latest
better controls, not hysteria. techniques. It is an interesting fact that the latest
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technique always runs out the earlier technique-and that becomes the disease-which, by the way we have
!hat is why it is the latest technique. We are not study- solved in Scientology-we are then capable of curing.
mg ~he latest disease. We are studying a method to
eradIcate the cures of former times and the nullifica- Alcohol as a Medicine.
tion of processes which were used earlier.
A technique is as good as it runs out earlier tech- Let's take alcohol as an example.
niques. The technique which runs out eradicates or Alcohol was once the greatest medicine that man
even throws into restimulation an older technique is had. It was a wonderful medicine. If anything
senior to it. happened to a man from snake bite to a love affair,
Let's assume that we are treating smallpox. We find any disease, in fact, we administered alcohol. That
at first that we inject a serum which makes the indi- was a cure, but now we have alcoholism.
vidual's arm swell up, makes them feel ill and feverish. It is interesting that only a century and a half ago
After that they do or don't get smallpox. the stores of a British man of war amounted in terms
After further investigation and research we find of cost more than 500/0 alcoholic beverages and less
!hat.we could refi?e and perfect this technique by giv- than 500/0 food and other amenities. Alcohol was quite
m.g It orally. ThIs seems to have a good workability. a tremendous thing.
Fmally we discover something that has to do with a But here is an oddity. Today alcohol makes one tired.
particular hot bath if you can imagine such a cure and It has been laid in on the Genetic Line evidently to
find that if we give somebody a hot bath he won't get such a degree that it now produces the illness which
smallpox. it was most used as a remedy for. Any time one got
The technique of the three which is senior to the tired one took a drink. In past years we conceive that
other. will run out the other. two. It is quite interesting the Genetic Blue Print is marching along and that it
that I~ the hot .bath techmque was a good pervasive, accumulates experiences.
sweepmg techmque and was a considerable improve- It is definitely in the realm of genetics, but the gene-
ment on the other two, when we put the man in the ticist has never realised that the experience of the
hot bath, he will at once feel sick in his stomach from body line has in one generation, may culminate in an-
the pill and his arm will tend to get swollen from the other generation. Darwin found that if you took
old injection. After that the pill and injection will not horses up to the high country in the Middle East they
trouble him any longer. would grow long hair after a season or two. When
they were taken back into the low hot country, they
Yesterday's Cure is tOdaY's Disease. wouldn't get rid of the long hair for about four genera-
. :r hat doesn't happe~ often in physical medicine, but
It IS not unknown. WIth the Scientologist we see this
tions. It tells us that the genetic line does carry a
memory of what happened. There are many proofs
and incidents of this character.
phel}omenon often during our handling of people. It Very few people have added this into the field of
IS hIghl!" probab~e ~hat m~n has had curses along the medicine, taking it out of the line of natural selection.
developmg genetIc hne WhICh have become the diseases Today a person may get tired when he takes a drink.
of tomorrow and if we can solve the factor of the cure In other words, it restimulates that which it was once
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made to cure. Possibly on the Genetic Line, some time a picket fence. The bomb exploded far back ~f him
or another, and being far-fetched about it, radiation and he had sunburn where there weren't any. pIckets.
might have been a cure for something. Using this In other words he got a burn pattern much as one
principle that the cure eventually becomes the disease would if one was wearing a bat~ing cos~ume. .
and eventually restimulates the disease it is supposed If radiation is drifting around m t.he aIr .all the tIme,
to cure, I am sure that somewhere on the Genetic one is not getting a direct burn, one IS gettlI~g a ~ort of
Line, radiation was used to cure a bad stomach or skin. continuous intolerable type of burn whIch IS too
It certainly is today-sunbathing. imbalanced and the absorbtion of which one doesn:t
find healthy. Every person has a ~Te~t deal of experI-
The Sun is a ball of radiation. ence with sunburn on the genetIc Ime a;nd. sunburn
occasionally causes hives, red flushes, prIcklmess, an
What is the sun but a ball of radiation? There are upset stomach and colitis. It will even cause loss ~f
photons that come from the sun but they are hand in hair. It is something with which. w~ have h~d. exp~rI
glove with a great deal of other radiation. Radiation ence. But now there is more radIatIOn an~ It IS drIft-
is all over the atmosphere, always has been. Sunburn ing in the wrong. plac~. The. body findmg t~,e sun
is not an overdose of heat but simply radiation. shining in a hall lIke thIS at thIS moment says, What
In my basic physics text book they used to teach that is it all about?"
the sun was combusting on hydrogen. They calculated
that if there was an inexhaustable supply of hydrogen X-rays.
on the sun, the length of life of the sun would make a
difference in the heat of the sun from year to year as We have also had x-rays. X-ray oddly enough ha~
it would be burning out. It was an interesting fact been used as a cure for cancer. A cure for cancer.
that the sun didn't burn out so the theory was eventu- It must have been in vogue for some time for the ex-
ally abandoned and people finally owned up and said cellent reason that x-ray causes cancer. It is t~erefore
that they didn't know why the sun kept on burning. no surprise that if one tries to cure somethmg long
It was only when nuclear physics became dominant in enough and often enough, it may even~ually cau~e
men's thinking that sunlight was explained, and sun- what it is trying to cure. Its effectIveness WIll
light is now understood to be occasioned by a continu- diminish. .
ous fission going on a sphere called the sun. Therefore We therefore must handle this cure. fact?r, WhICh
sunburn is a radiation burn. we can do with the technology we have m SCIentology.
Sunburn and Radiation Burn.s. The Solution of a Problem.
When one looks at people who are burned in an In other words, the solution of a probl~m. i.s t1;e
atomic blast such as there was at Hiroshima, one is problem, not the solution. It on~ wants no lIabIlIty m
looking at the outer fringes of burns that look very any solution then the solutIOn IS the problem.
much like sunburn. Somebody decides that his wife is mad and he takes
For instance, a man was standing with his back to her to see a psychiatrist. They put big electrodes on
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ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
her head and shock her and she comes back. What is Therefore if radiation is scattered all through the
she suffering from now? She is suffering from being air and we tell people: " Look, it is floating all around
electrocuted. So one day she walks over to the light in space, but you cannot see it," and everybody starts
and. as she turns it on it short-circuits, gives her getting queazy. We can produce to a marked degree all
a slIght shock and she is crazy all over again. It often the effects of radiation in Scientology with the greatest
h3:ppen~ and it is quite common. They are using elec- of ease simply by restimulation and in the absence of
trIcIty In some WIld, barbaric manner in some off- any real radiation!
handed attempt to cure insanity. One can be made to relive a past experience and
therefore can be made to relive past illnesses as
The Solution is always the Problem. "Dianetics, The Modern Science of Mental Health"
has demonstrated. One can actually see people stuck
This business of curing illnesses carries with it the in these moments of illnesses.
liability of leaving the cure sitting there. We cure If a person is liable to get restimulated or is upset
some disease by running an individual"s temperature by dangers in the atmosphere, he will get sick to his
to 107 degrees Fahrenheit and leaving it there for 48 stomach a short while after one has asked. him to look
hours. A few years go by and somethinG' is wrong with into space. One gets colitis and gastro enteritis often
him. What is wrong with him? Well, he gets hot! as a result of this apparently harmless technique of
One therefore has to have the individual conceive asking people to look into space without paying par-
of problems of comparable magnitude to the problem ticular notice to any specific objects that may be
in ord.er to take his fixation off the problem. As long present. This is a test anybody could make.
as he IS fixated on the problem. He just puts a barrier
between himself and the problem but the problem is Pollution of Spaces makes effect out of Man.
still there.
One therefore has to raise the individual's tolerance Pollution of and danger in spaces makes a total
for that type of problem and the moment that is done effect out of man and one is brought to believe one
the problem is 'solved'. In other words, the solution i~ can do nothing about it. These are the combinations
always the problem. One has to be able to "handle" from our viewpoint as Scientologists, which bring this
"tolerate" and "confront" the problem. When on~ condition we know as radiation sickness and we can
cannot confront a problem and one "solves" it com- do something about each one of them. We can give
pletely he then may become obsessed with the solution man something to confront that is like radiation and
of it. being able to confront this we give him practise in
Let's take a look at radiation. People cannot solve it, confronting the unconfrontable.
r.annot confront it-I should say they cannot confront
it as it is drifting all through the atmosphere. Have The Other Facto1's behind Radiation.
somebody look into space for a while. One says to
him, "don't look at anything. Just look into space" What are the other factors behind radiation?
and after a while this person is in rather poor condi- Radiation is being used as a control mechanism. It is
tion. He will get queazy. being used to control people. They are not supposed
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to have war with and are to obey countries that do them - in other words become its effect which then
have radiation. produces a considerable discomfort to the person.
As it goes on it becomes apparent to people that it Resistance to a terminal - person or object - brings
is a control mechanism. about one way or another a closure of terminals with
the thing to such a degree that an individual then obeys
CONTROL. it, doesn't know he is obeying it or what he is obeying
and that is more or less what aberration is.
As long as a person is allergic to control he will
suffer from attempts to control him. If everybody has Radiation a-nd Control.
an allergy to control, to being controlled, and thinks
that there is something wrong with control, it is some- If radiation is used as a control factor then a person
thing that should be handled by a Scientologist, for is made to close terminals with something which his
bad control can be a source of aberration. People get body cannot tolerate. But it is the person who is clos-
so afraid of being controlled that they resist every- ing that terminal, not the body, and that is our fore-
thing. When they get afraid of radiation when it is most discovery. As long as we have an orientation on
used as a control mechanism, they resist it and it burns tqe subject of radiation, are no longer resisting it, or
them - and only then does it burn them. l1pset about it, and particularly if we are in fair con-
One can conduct this experiment by taking some- dition with regard to space, spaciousness and don't get
body and saying: " Isn't it terrible about this radiation. claustrophobia, then we really don't have to fear from
Think of all the air round. here in this room at this radiation. That is the first thing we have learnt in
moment being full of little invisible particles that are Scientology.
just chewing our bodies to bits." He gets the idea and This organisation of Scientologists knows a great
wonders why he is itching all over his body. deal about radiation, since it was once in Arizona, 250
miles from a hundred and some atomic bomb tests that
Resistance to Control. were made in Nevada. The central headquarters of
this organisation were moved from Phoenix, Arizona
If people are allergic to control it is something that to Washington, D.C., only because pianos began to
must be settled. A person can only be controlled count like uranium mines. Everything was live and
against his will as long as he is allergic to control and radioactive. Dust blew in one's face at night and one
it is against his will. A person who is very bland . had a sunburn although there was no sun. There was
about this subject and doesn't mind being controlled just too much radiation.
can be controlled as easily as a toy and can stop it as We had a lot of experience and found something
easily as a giant. He has power of choice over control rather peculiar. We found that people who were in
and if one has power of choice over control it doesn't good condition were not in restimulation with regard
much matter if one is being controlled or controlling a to radiation and those who were in bad condition would
situation or persons oneself. get something that would hardly count on a geiger
As long as control, directions, orders and postulates counter and would get sick in their stomachs. Those
are resisted, a person has a tendency to lock up with people received Scientological processing - "treat-
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ment" - and had no further repercussion from A short time ago such a suggestion would have been
radiation. thought absurb. Today chemical protection against
Here is a good example. A man came into the radiation is a subject of much research.
HASI in Phoenix. He had been driving past one of
the atomic bomb explosion sites and as he went past Dianazine.
the site at some considerable distance away, he saw
the flash on the horizon. At once his face and eyes But we are leading on this. We knew that old-time
swelled and he could hardly drive into Phoenix. He nicotinic acid restimulated and ran out sunburns and
was in terrible condition and felt very bad about this. that a person who had been given nicotinic a~id
So I just gave him a Scientology assist and the swelling
went down immediately. actually did not receive a continuous effect from radIa-
The general auditing of individuals is then a basic tion. Anybody can make this test.
solution. Group auditing also solves the control factor It happens that there is an incorrect entry in both
and helps communication to a marked degree. the British and American Pharmocopceia. It says that
nicotinic acid - not niacinamide - turns on a flush,
Radiation and Scientology Processing. and in overdose is thei"efore toxic. This is not correct.
People who have taken nicotinic acid in overdoses -
The reaction to radiation in persons who have been one has to take about 90 grains to kill oneself - do get
given Scientology processing is by actual tests much red and prickly and that is all it says in the Pharma-
lower than those who have not received it. We have copceia about it. .. .
conducted many experiments in that direction. But It is fascinating that there could be thIS InSUfficIent
even we would find it very difficult and even anti- information. It c0uld be that people don't look because
pathetic to get everybody together and give them the that isn't what it does at all. In a large number of
amount of group processing needed as safeguard cases it doesn't turn on flushes but turns on hives,
against radiation. gastro enteritis, achi~g bon~s, a fearful, terr!fied co~
Is there anything that we could give a person that dition and not a physIcal actIon at all. Here IS a varI-
would help him against radiation? There is. There able reaction from something toxic - and notice that
are several preparations which prevent radiation. It it turns on the conditions brought about by atomic
is getting rather common now and progress is being radiation.
made on the whole subject. Here is an article from What sort of a toxic pill is this which when adminis-
"The New Scientist" of the 28th March, 1957, by Dr. , tered over a period of time is no longer toxic even
Peter Alexander, called "Protection against Radia- though all the time it is being administered it is above
tion." toleration? The body cannot tolerate the amount that
He tells us that, working independently, several is being administered but after a while it no longer
people have found that harmful effects of radiation has any effect. Unless one knows Dianetics and Scien-
can· be reduced by injecting some quite simple chemi- tology this doesn't seem to ma~e much sense.
cals before exposure to the rays. The comment on the Nicotinic acid runs out, abohshes, sunburns - and
whole article is: "could medicines be used to protect that is the simple answer to this question. When it is
against the effects against radiation?" given to a person, he gets sunburns he has already had
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before and turns as red as a beet. Keep him on a combined it with vitamins and other minerals and
regimented dose every day and after a while two things finally produced a formula called Dianazene.
will happen: one, he no longer gets sick when nicotinic
acid is administered to him and, two, he doesn't have The Formula. for Dianazene.
a bad reaction from sunburn.
We have made the test with sunlamps and found Ntctonic Aeid 200 mg.
that a person's liability to be burned is improved by Iron Ferrous Gluconate 10 grains.
the administration of nicotinic acid and the running
out of past burns. This, therefore, is true of this type Vitamin Bl 25 mg.
of radiation illness. Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin 50 mg.
I conducted several experiments in 1950 which were Vitamin C - Ascorbic Acid 200 to 500 mg.
in total disagreement with the Pharmacopreia, but any Dicalcium Phosphate 25 to 85 grains.
medical doctor or biochemist could make the same
experiments. One would administer 200 mg nicotino- It should be taken daily, all at the same time, with
mide per day to somebody and see all the manifesta- milk and chocolate.
tions I have spoken about earlier, turn on, eventually
disappear and not recur until one has administered But it is not the best solution. It is a cure. It does
about 500 mg per day, which will turn it all on again, something and it can eventually be run out with
but much less this time. Then one gives this person Scientology. But if we didn't have anything else
1,000 mg per day for several days and finds that there Dianazene might serve the purpose very well in a
is just a small reaction after which one administers limited sense.
2,000 mg per day and finds no more effects. One can Dianazene runs out radiation - or what appears to
thus feed people this toxic drug without any effect be radiation. It also proofs a person up against radia-
whatsoever. tion in some degree. It also turns on and runs out
Remembering these experiments I made in 1950 I incipient cancer. I have seen it run out skin cancer.
again looked them up in the files of the Hubbard A man who didn't have much liability to skin cancer
Al!lsociation of Scientologists. We got some brave (only had a few moles) took Dianazene. His whole
volunteers who took nicotinic acid over a period of a jaw turned into a raw mass of cancer. He kept on
couple of weeks and our experiment was bearing out taking Dianazene and it disappeared after a while. I
with one difference: the reactions per dose were 5 and was looking at a case of cancer that might have
6 times more violent than they had been in 1950! happened.
I then got hold of some of the people who were given There is another instance of somebody who had a
nicotinic acid in 1950 and they took the same course little bit of colitis which worried him slightly from
all over again. They got a little sick in their stomachs time to time. After taking Dianazene he started to
but were better off than other people and they got an bleed from the intestines. He kept on taking this
entirely different reaction. formula and came out without colitis. He may have
In order to make the intake of nicotinic acid more been facing an eventual colitis of a fateful nature -
effective, I did more experimenting and eventually haemhorrages.
-.
:.';
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calmness into an area which is upset, and under point simply because of testing. But how about the people
number two, it is the business of a Scientologist to who are already born and grown up who will become
place people into a level of existence where ther don't ill, ineffective and die? That is a more important fact.
get sick from every stray germ that wanders thlr way. Testing at its present rate isn't going to spoil com-
These are our goals and are, therefore, completely pletely the genetic line.
germane to Scientology. I was visiting a hospital some time ago and came
The Harmful effects of X-rays. across a girl who had had a baby about ten to twelve
X-rays are fully as deadly as atomic fission. A days before. She had stayed several days beyond when
repeated continuous application of X-rays to a person they would ordinarily dismiss her. She was lying in
can bring about anything and everything that atomic a very inert position, looking very sad. I asked her
fission brings about on a test pollution of the atmos- doctor what the matter was and he told me that there
phere level. It certainly brings about a condition of was nothing the matter but that the child was only
high count in the individual if many X-rays are taken, surrounded by half a placenta in the womb. Something
so that if he gets a little more X-ray or radiation fall- had happened in the growth of child that whereas the
out, he is liable to become ill. Ordinarily X-rays are baby was all right, only half a placenta developed.
applied to sick people! This was a malformation and the woman believed that
something was wrong with her due to this develop-
The Genetic aspects of the Atomic Bomb. ment of the placenta. This so deprived her of her
As far as the genetic aspect of the atomic bomb is usual spirits that she lay there not recovering.
concerned. this is, of course, where everybody's atten- I became very interested in this as I know that
tion is centering because sex is still secret in our X-rays disarrange the genes and the placenta is repre-
Anglo-American society of 1957. It is a good thing sented in the genes. If one of these genes is deranged
that we are not living in Victorian times, because we one gets such a thing as half a placenta.
would not dare mention the fact that our children are I was thinking in terms of all the radiation that was
going to be born with their legs coming out of their in this area as they were blowing up bomb after bomb
ears. It is still sufficiently secret to pin people's atten- about 250 miles away. Theoretically it could have b~n
tion to the genetic aspects of radiation. These are of those bombs that were causing her genetic upset.
least importance and are of no great consequence at So I asked her: "What does your husband do?"
this time. thinking possibly that he was one of the people who
The mortality rate of babies a century a~o of puerpa 1 was associated with the tests. She told me, however,
fever was much hi~her than the rate of deformities that he was a radiologist, an X-ray technician. t then
due to radiation. The percenta~e of deformities and asked her what duty he was performing nine months
blindness caused by bad midwifery and poor medical ago a.nd after a while Rhe groaned her answer which
practice surpasses the radiation figures and if anybody was that her husband was taking a special course of
wants to be shocked about it, let him be shocken about training on new X-ray equinment at a certain military
the way it was then, not the way it is going to be. Of hosnital nearby and for six days was doing nothing
course, it is upsetting to think of a hundred million fllse but setting un and using the mORt powerfnl X-rav
populace having several thousand congenital idiots equipment extant.
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This woman fortunately was well educated and I as the Scientologist. One should do what one can
said, "Did it ever occur to you that it might not be about them. Publish this data rather widely, showing
your fault that only half a placenta developed? " From that the necessary steps that can be taken are being
that moment her interest in life returned and she left taken and be factual about it the whole way. One
hospital that afternoon unable to wait to confront her shouldn't try to play it down, but be factual and go on
husband with this discovery. from there, not only trying to do something about
Here was a certainty that the testing of atomic radiation but also things that make life all but impos-
bombs 250 miles away did not cause the disarrange- sible for people. Shortage of food can be much more
ment in the case of this particular woman. Her hus- fatal than alarm on radiation.
band, being an X-ray technician, had been on a spree
of X-ray training and his own genes had been badly The Problem of the Middle East.
disarranged by the X-ray equipment and his use of it.
People do pick out an assumed cause for something Right now the starved. condition of the Arab is a
and it is the fashion to blame it for all that cannot be slave condition, a mental condition that tells him that
explained satisfactorily. Radiation is loose in the he cannot have anything. We should make it possible
world and everything then is assigned to radiation. for the Middle East to exist peacefully. Large respon-
People do this fixedly. sible nations have tried to do something about the
Wrong Assignment of Causes. Middle East. They will never be able to do anything
about the Middle East until they have solved this
Many more things should be assigned to radiation " below poverty" status of the Arab. The Arabs have
at this moment than are being assigned to it. People been pushed down since the days of Chaldea. The
are not at all aware of the tremendous effect that this history of the Middle East is one of extreme oppression
testing will have and the low morale that it will give and slavery. Something has to come along to undo
people. those years of slavery so that the people within them-
However, people will assign more and more things to selves can feel enough security to work, win and sur-
radiation and just about the time when they are assign- vive in this universe. That is a very worthy project.
ing about enough, somebody will say that they must There is just one group on Earth at this moment
not do so and prohibit them from doing so. They will that could anything about the mental and thus the
obsessively start assigning things to it until somebody political state of the Middle East and that is the
starts gaoling people for causing hysteria. After that Scientologist. We know that a person can be placed
people will start mis-assigning and assigning on a so low that he cannot "have." If one tries to give
dispersal anything to everything and it will no longer him anything he will just tear it up. We know that the
make sense. People will no longer be capable of Arab will continue to make nothing out of anything he
assigning actual cause, and then there will be chaos. runs into in the Middle East so long as his poverty is
The thing to do is to be factual about it and say that continued and confirmed.
just certain things are assignable to radiation. Assign That appears to be a very interesting and more
them, take them in stride and the government will do worth while international project since the entire area
extremely well to work along with organisations such sews up one of the great waterways of Earth, which
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has already caused international upset to the United does more in one war than all the bugs of Mrica have
States and England. ever done.
The condition of the Arab populaces is based on the Man's inhumanity to man was a subject which was
fact that back through the years many people have had addressed with the philosophy of Jesus of Nazareth.
a hand in placing the populaces in that area in a con- But Christianity has not stopped war. It has done a
dition where they can never win. One of these people lot of good in this world but it has not stopped war.
was Ghengis Kahn. How would you like to have this Unless man can stop this international insanity one
tyrant who made a pyramid of skulls at every cross- will see this thing called radiation, the hydrogen bomb
road, as your ruler for a generation or six? There was and the guided missile used by some country against
Tamerlane and Byazid the Thunderer of the Ottoman us all and itself at the same time.
~urk, co~queror after c?nqueror, nothing but oppres- It is all very well to say that nobody will use it. Just
SIOn and Iron heels. ThIS has amounted to an impos- about the time when somebody is losing - up to that
sible political problem unless it is entered at the level time they were gentlemen and were only killing each
of the individual, an individual who believes at length other, somebody of that ilk says: "Press button A."
he cannot own, cannot survive. Button. A is wired up to a lot of guided missiles and
A Scientologist can group process these Arabs to a requires only one man's decision to destroy an entire
level where they can be made capable to take some aid continent, to poison the atmosphere so thoroughly that
and assistance. One would educate some Arabs up to man vanishes from this planet.
a point where they could group process very well and The Real Danger.
then let them process their people towards survival.
The cost of such a programme would actually be the The real danger is not radiation. The true danger
cost of about one volley of shells from a fleet. is man's uncivilised state. Unless something can come
along and cure him of his barbarism he is not going to
The Problem of India. survive. He has many enemies if he really wants
enemies. The locust of Africa, the various fevers of
India is another country where the people are 80 India and the hail storms of Kansas are enemies. Why
down-trodden that they are in a state where they focus on radiation? If man is to survive he must first
"can't have," .. can't own:' One cannot even govern be capable of facing his enemies - and those enemies
these people any more. Anybody who goes in to aren't man. He just thinks they are. Until man can
govern India has great difficulty because the people be brought to face his true enemies on earth, he cannot
are below the point of no return by past technologies really be considered to be a civilised being, because he
They are all directed in the direction of slavery- is fighting the wrong targets.
Brahminism for example. Here is an international The worth while projects are neglected because of Wa1·.
oroblem of great importance to the world which cries
for solution. ' How man, making such slow progress on every other
frontier can waste time to turn around and fight his
Man's first enemy is Man. brother is appalling. The Sahara desert could be put
First amongst man's enemies is man. Because man under cultivation and that would straighten out Borne
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ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
of the economic situations of the world. and that would To have nullied the tremendous wasteful efforts of
require much less effort than was put into the North France and all the suffering which pursued those
African Campaigns. It would have to be carefully various wars, it would have been necessary to have
planned. He already was making progress in this bolstered the French Government, not weaken it. As
direction before World War 2 came into being and long as every nation is upset about every other nation
retarded the little progress he had already made. and as long as any nation refuses to bolster and
One cannot keep overrunning an area with the ter- strengthen its neighbour nations, then war remains a
ror of war and its destruction and decide that any- threat.
thing is going to survive in that area. Man has a If the United States were willing to grant beingness
madness and that madness is called War. That mad- to the various other great nations of the world, and
ness hasn't really anything to do with politics. if they were willing to grant beingness to her, one
Most people who go into a long chant about how one would see a security mounting up which would prac-
outlaws war are saying that we must suppress national tically make war impossible. But these countries are
governments. That is the last thing I would ever still d.oing something which is quite wrong. They are
advise. The truth is very simple. A government be- weakening the government of Russia.
comes worried about its ability to control its populace The Trouble with Russia.
and neighbours and resorts to war as a means of
compelling obedience at home as well as abroad. The trouble with Russia is that its government is
In actuality a weakness and insecurity of govern- weak. Its government has been overthrown by revolu-
ment causes war. If a government was very strong tion and has been a threat to world peace ever since.
and felt very secure it would employ the most peaceful Just as France became an international menace in
quiet methods of granting beingness and getting co- 1790. The Russian revolution never should have
operation from its potential enemies. It wouldn't fight happened. But the conditions of Russia never should
a war. One doesn't find an educated secure man fight- have happened either. In other words, the non-
ing with his neighbours. No, the person who fights his civilised condition of Russia, its unenlightened state
neighbours is a very insecure, not at all sane man. for the last many centuries directly resulted in this
War begets war. threat we call Russia today.
We are not implying that we should throw every-
To bring about peace it is not enough to suppress thing overboard and admit communism. The truth of
and smash down every single government in the world. the matter is that communism is a losing philosophy.
That is just a motion in the wrong direction. That is It was invented in Germany a century ago and is a
how wars are caused. After the blood bath of the German philosophy, and the Germans thought it was
French Revolution France was in continuous wars for an idiotic doctrine and they threw it out. And they
decades. In other words, she was fairly well at peace are not buying it now even though Russia is forcing it
as long as she had a king and a fairly strong govern- upon them.
ment. When that government was turned over to Regardless of any political philosophy, unless Russia
Robespierres and Napoleons there was a continuous and its satelites can prosper in one way or the other,
state of war. they will continue.to be a "have not" nation. Maybe
102 108
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
these people are a "have not" people like the Arab minutes. But we should try to make that war un-
in the Middle East and if that is the case, then sooner necessary.
or later we will find ourselves at war with Russia.
Britain's Nuclear Reactors.
The Answe't to the Atomic Bomb
The Electricity Board in Britain is doing a wonder-
The answer to the atomic bomb does not lie in the ful job. It has just constructed 47 new power stations
field of "there shall be no further development in the and is now constructing twelve reactor stations. This
field of the atomic bomb". We all know that if a war is a peacetime use of atomic fission and Britain is the
weapon exists it will be used some time. The answer first to dedicate herself to employ atomic fission to the
to the atomic bomb lies in the change of status of man assistance of man and his works as we have already
and his national governments. These governments seen in Calder Hall.
must be stronger and people must co-operate with This has not received great publicity throughout
them. They must be strengthened and the peoples of the world. There is no great news story connected
those nations must be addressed realistically and with this. Britain, the leader in these reactor projects,
brought up to a point where they can feel some is planning to use atomic fission to put hundreds of
security, where they can have something, exist them- millions more kilowats up and down the length and
selves at peace with their own neighbours and only breadth of the land and thus supply the power which
then have we solved the problem of the atomic bomb. has been wanting.
All the atomic bomb is doing is catalysing the necessity It would be of great interest in the United States
for this solution. and would certainly be food for thought to those who
If a technology exists which can bring a higher say that they must build more bombs.
level of civilization to man then that technology should One ought to know that atomic fission can be used
be used to the utmost to advance that state of civilisa- for peace and would not thereafter throw poison such
tion. It should not be used to destroy or deprive as gamma rays into the air.
governments, to propagandise or pull the rug out from
underneath the men who are trying. It should be used How a Reactor Works.
to bring about stronger, more secure governments and
more civilised populaces. The Electricity Board's offices in London, W.1,
carries a tremendous number of bill and bulletin
The turn of the Road. boards concerning this particular project. A reactor
can be explained as simply as this: It is a massive con-
Weare at a turn of the road. Man before could tainer which contains such elements that give off
almost afford to go in a state of barbarism. Today he gamma, such as radium, unranium, which is placed
cannot afford his bestiality, his inhumanity to his in the container. A lid is put on the container and a
neighbours, for many reasons of which the least is that small hole is bored in the side of the container. An
the next war is to be the last war. One really shouldn't electronic machine gun is focused on the small piece
worry about the next war. It will be over in twenty of uranium. When one of the electrons of the machine
104 105
ALL ABOUT RADIATION ALL ABO T RADIATION
gun hits the uranium. it knocks off a bursting particle. clothes and there ought to be wholesome food on the
In other words, it causes a fission to occur which table. He should have a motor car to take him places.
generates heat. Added to this container is a number He believes this whether he is a Spaniard, Frenchman
of steam pipes and a channel which goes over to an or American. But if these commodities don't get manu-
ordinary steam engine which turns the water back into factured in sufficient numbers to make them cheap
the condensed pipe system. The water comes back nobody is going to have them and that is a point which
from the steam engine, going again through the con- he overlooks. Automation must be present in this
tainer. The electronic machine gun shoots an electron society. There must be something that can produce
the water is heated by the small explosion, which i~ enough so that man can have enough.
very hot and then goes over, runs the steam engine Our present society is e~isting on a ~man percent
which drives an ordinary generator. This generator of its workers. The potential workers m SOCiety are
is connected with a transformer which puts electricity being diverted in so many directions on a ~on-pro
in the wires and somebody miles away weaves cotton ductive level such as war weapons. Every time one
from the power. builds war weapons one has just expended workers,
There is no danger of such fission getting out of con- and everything it takes to support these workers. One
trol since there isn't really sufficient fissionable has to have automation in order to make up for the
material present to cause much damage. One can even loss-and that takes fuel.
bombard lower order elements and so we are not even If a nation is going to be successful, it has got to
dependent on a continuous supply of uranium to make have rRW prod.ucts, fuel and willing workers. Get short
these projects possible. What is an industrial system of one of these three and it will not be successful.
but a great deal of cheap power?
The Willing Worker.
AUTOMATION.
The South American nations have more raw pro-
People in Britain are worried about automation. ducts and more fuel, but less willing workers than
They are worried that this will throw them out of most nations. But people are still running around in
work. If people work, they must have something to loin cloths, carrying bows and arrows. They have the
buy. There must be something to buy for the monev fuel and raw materials but not the willing- worker.
one possesses as money is just as good as one can buy If all the workmen in America and England became
something with it and as bad as one cannot. unwilling- to work one would again see a barbarism.
Money is something that can be converted into pro- We in Scientology could prevent such unwillingness
duct. Supposing one had a workman's idea of a won- rather easily. We have taken that up and solved it in
derful civilization whereby everybody did piece work "The Problems of Work".
all by himself and was paid abundantly for it. What is One can orient a person with regard to work and
he going to do with this great amount of money if make him brace UP to it and have a good time wherea,g
he cannot buy piece work which is not available? he has been avoiding work before-we can restore his
A workman certainly ought to have a radio, a decent lost willinlTnf'..8s. If anything kills the Anglo-American
home well furnished. His children ought to have good society, it'" will either die under tremendous political
106 107
ALL ABO U T R AD I A T ION ALL ABOUT RADIATION
blunders which bring about an atomic war or this bazooka, or a guided missile with an atomic bomb in
philosophy that work is too hard to confront. This it, remember that it was handled by a man who is
philosophy of "We must all retire some day" amounts being inhuman to men. Therefore the solving of the
to "our greatest ambition is to do nothing", that idea atomic bomb would not prevent atomic warfare.
is one of our greatest enemies.
This is how this state of mind is created: A man is Helping the Governments of Earth.
having a good time building, let us say, a bird cage.
Somebody comes along and says to him, "Aren't you A government will always accept a helping hand
tired? You're working so hard. I should think that but it is so scarce that it takes a government leader
aftel' a long day at the office you would feel worn out a long time to be convinced that it is being held out.
and would be incapable of going on any further". This So few people help the government that they don't
man was enjoying building a bird cage. The next day know what the hand is out for. Men use governments
somebody criticises him at the office about his work to feather their own nests and better their own end.s,
and he feels tired. but there are sincere men in government who are try-
.T!redness, is willi.ngness g0!1e bad. People who are ing to do what is right.
wIllmg don t get bred. It IS only when something If we wish to go in any direction in the field of
makes man unwilling, stops him too often and kills politics, let's be sure we go in the direction of giving
his interest in what he is doing, that he becomes the existing government and the powers that be a
exhausted. hand in bringing about a higher level of civilization
People have to be told and kept in the frame of mind and a better understanding of life. If we strike at
that life is worth living and. that things are worth anything we should strike at these intermediate prob-
doing. If governments and civilisations continue to lems such as the atomic bomb, small pox, whooping
produce things to convince people that they are just cough, bubonic plague and all the rest of things that
slaves and that things aren't worth doing and that confront man as his enemies.
they have to be pushed into work with a whip the What do we have in Scientology with which to help
whole society degenerates. ' man and governments? We have something which
No society can exist on a fabric of slaves. Those that assists, not fights, man"s enemies. Man will fight his
have have died. Greece, Rome, Germany. A society real enemies which he isn't fighting now.
can only survive when it is built by the shoulders and Our job as Scientologists in this society is to bring
hands of willing men. Governments should take this man up to a level where he can confront his natural
into account. They do with social security, health pro- enemies and live at peace with his fellows, and if we
grammes, etc., but they can do more about it. can do that on a very broad level as we are doing in a
T~es.e things are more important than radiation. smaller sphere, then we would have brought a better
Man s mhumanity to man has always been present. He civilization to earth-and that I think, is what we are
has always been able to reach over and nut his hand trying to do. Thank you.
on a deadly and diabolical weapon. Whether that
weapon was a club with a knot at the end of it a
Tower musket, a new high-powered super velocity * * * *
108 109
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The interest of the Hubbard Associa-
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Radiation are only these:
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