5054 MJ 2023 P21
5054 MJ 2023 P21
5054 MJ 2023 P21
A mass is suspended from XY, as shown in Fig. 1.2. The weight of section XY is negligible and the model is
at rest
(a) (i) State two ways in which the dimensions of the rubber band change as the mass is added to section
XY. [2]
(ii) State the form of energy stored in the stretched rubber band. [1]
(ii) Explain why the force that the rubber band exerts on section XY is larger than the weight of the mass.
[1]
(iii) The mass suspended from section XY in Fig. 1.2 has a weight of 4.0N. Calculate the force that the
rubber band exerts on section XY. [2]
(iv) Explain how your answer to (b)(iii) is different if the weight of section XY is not negligible. [1]
Solution: MOMENTS
(a) (i) The length of rubber band increases and it becomes longer, And the cross sectional area decreases
(b) (i) The sum of clockwise moment is equal to sum of anticlockwise moment provided that resultant
moment is zero. Therefore; object remains in equilibrium
(ii) Distance between the rubber band and pivot is smaller than the distance between pivot and mass
(iii) 4 x 18 = F x 2
F = 36N
(iv) The force now calculated would be greater as the weight contributes in clockwise moment.
In one second, 60000kg of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades.
(b) A wind turbine releases no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere while generating electricity.
Compared with a coal-fired power station, this is an advantage of using a wind turbine.
(i) State one reason why it is important to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced. [1]
(ii) Suggest one advantage of using a coal-fired power station compared with a wind turbine. [1]
(c) A coal-fired power station releases 0.96kg of carbon dioxide when it generates 1.0kWh of electrical
energy.
(ii) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide saved when the wind turbine has a power output of 2000kW
and operates for 12 hours. [1]
(a) K.E= ½ x m x v2
4.3 x 106 J
(b) A sample of metal P at 100°C is heated steadily until its temperature reaches 400°C.
(i) On Fig. 3.1, sketch a graph to show how the temperature of the metal changes with time.
(ii) A sample of a different metal Q has a greater latent heat of fusion than the sample of P.
P and Q are metals with the same melting points and the samples have the same heat capacity.
The experiment is repeated with the sample of Q. This sample is supplied with the same amount of
energy per second as is supplied to the sample of P.
Explain how the graph of temperature against time for Q differs from the graph in (b)(i).
(a) Amount of energy required to convert solid into liquid without change in temperature.
(b) (i)
(ii) As it have greater latent heat of fusion therefore the flat section will be longer as more energy would
be require to melt the substance.
4 Two parallel rays of light, one red and one blue, enter a glass prism.
Fig. 4.1 shows both rays of light before they enter the prism. The blue ray is also shown incident on a
different side of the prism after passing through the prism.
The ray of blue light strikes the left side of the prism at an angle equal to its critical angle c.
(a) (i) On Fig. 4.1, mark and label the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r for the blue light
as it enters the prism. [1]
(ii) On Fig. 4.1, continue the path of the blue light after it strikes the left side of the prism. [1]
(iii) The refractive index of glass for red light is smaller than the refractive index for blue light.
On Fig. 4.1, draw the path of the red light as it travels in the prism and after it strikes the left side of the
prism. [2]
(ii) The refractive index of glass for blue light is 1.5. Calculate the critical angle c for blue light in glass.
Show your working. [2]
Solution: LIGHT
(a) (i) Always from the normal
(b) (i) Critical angle is the angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees
(ii) n = 1/sin c
C = sin-1(0.667)
C= 42°
(a) On Fig. 5.1, add labels inside the boxes to identify the parts of the motor indicated. [2]
(ii) the magnetic field between the poles of the magnet is reversed. [1]
(c) The power supply to the motor is switched on and off at a steady rate.
Fig. 5.2 shows how the speed of the toy car varies with time as a result of the power supply being
switched on and off.
(ii) The voltage supplied to the motor is switched on for a longer period of time and off for a longer
period of time, at a steady rate.
(a)
(c) (i) Initially the speed of the car increases then the speed of the car becomes constant and it slowly
decelerate
(ii) The constant speed would be maintained for longer time period.
6 (a) A light-dependent resistor (LDR) is used to sense the amount of light in a room.
Fig. 6.1 shows part of the circuit used. The LDR is not shown
(i) Complete Fig. 6.1 by drawing the circuit symbol for an LDR between points P and Q. [1]
(ii) Explain how the voltmeter reading changes as the amount of light falling on the LDR increases. [2]
(i) Show that the current in the 5.0Ω resistor is 1.9 A. [2]
(ii) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) between points X and Y. [2]
(a) (i)
(ii) As the light falling on LDR increases the the resistance of LDR decreases as a result of this reading on
the voltmeter increases.
(b) As parallel the potential difference is constant as a result of this V is constant and according to
V= I x R; I x 1/R
I1 x R1= I2 x R2
4 x 2.4 /5 =I2
I2= 1.92 A
20/9 + 6 = 8.2
V= I x R
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a toy helicopter. It can hover and travel through the air.
Fig. 7.2 is a scale drawing of the path of the helicopter, viewed from above.
(a) (i) Determine the total distance travelled by the toy helicopter. [1]
(ii) The toy helicopter makes the journey in 40s.
(b) (i) State the difference between distance and displacement. [1]
(ii) Determine the scale used to construct Fig. 7.2 and complete the sentence.
(iii) Using Fig. 7.2, determine the size of the displacement of point D from point A.
(iv) Determine the angle between North and the direction of the displacement of point D from point A.
[1]
(vi) Another toy helicopter flies directly from point A to point D in 40s.
Explain why the magnitude of the velocity of this toy helicopter is smaller than the answer in (a)(ii). [1]
(c) When the toy helicopter hovers at D, its motor fails and it falls. It reaches terminal velocity as it falls.
Explain, in terms of the forces and acceleration, what happens as the helicopter falls and reaches
terminal velocity. [5]
Solution: KINEMATICS
(a) (i) 85 m
(ii) s= d/t
(b) (i) Displacement is the vector quantity and hence it has defined direction.
(ii) 5 m
√R= √2125
R= 46 m
Tan-1 (30/35) = A
A= 40.6 °
(c) As the motor falls initially the weight is greater than the air resistance as a result of this acceleration
increases and it’s speed increases as the speed increases air resistance also increases and at a point of
time the air resistance becomes equal to the weight hence resultant force become zero due to which
acceleration is Zero, hence it achieve terminal velocity.
When the water manometer is connected to a sealed container of gas and the tap is opened, the
water levels change, as shown in Fig. 8.2
(a) Define pressure. [1]
(b) (i) Explain why the water levels are the same on both sides of the manometer in Fig. 8.1. [1]
(ii) Explain why the water levels change when the gas tap is opened with the manometer connected as
in Fig. 8.2. [1]
(iii) Explain why the water levels stop changing at the levels shown in Fig. 8.2. [1]
Atmospheric pressure is 1.00 × 105 Pa and the gravitational field strength g is 10m/s2.
(d) The temperature of the gas inside the sealed container increases. Using ideas about molecules
explain why the water levels change. [4]
(e) This manometer is not suitable for measuring a gas pressure of 2.5 × 105 Pa.
(ii) State one change to this manometer that allows it to measure a gas pressure of 2.5 × 10 5 Pa in a
normal school laboratory. [1]
Solution: PRESSURE
(b) (i) pressure on the both sides is same equal to atmospheric pressure.
(ii) Pressure due to the gas is larger than the atmospheric pressure.
(iii) Pressure due to gas becomes equal to atmospheric pressure and pressure due to water.
(c) P = ρ x g x h
104,000 Pa
(d) Molecules gain more kinetic energy as the temperature increases hence they move with greater
speed and then the frequency of collision of molecules of water hit the surface more often hence it
would exert greater force and hence contributing greater pressure.
(e) (i) Pressure is greater then the atmospheric pressure by 1.5 x 105 Pa therefore the manometer length
must be very long to measure the pressure.
(a) (i) Hydrogen-2 and hydrogen-3 are isotopes of the element hydrogen.
(ii) The equation for the decay of phosphorus-32 (P-32) as it emits a beta particle is:
Explain whether the equation shows that Q is another isotope of phosphorus. Q is not the chemical
symbol for the atom. [1]
(b) One of the sources in Table 9.1 is used in a medical procedure to detect unusual bone structures. It is
injected into a patient and the radiation emitted is detected outside the body.
(i) State which source in Table 9.1 is most suitable for this type of medical use. [1]
(i) Complete the equation to show the missing proton and nucleon numbers. [1]
• ionising effects
(a) (i) Isotope are the atoms of same element with same number of protons but different number of
neutrons or nucleon number.
(d) (i)
(ii) Neutron
(iii) Stars
(e) Alpha particles have less penetrating power then beta particles
Alpha particles can cause more ionization effects while beta can cause less ionization
Alpha deflect less in magnetic field as it have greater mass then beta particle