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    Blessing Chem 2nd Half 1st Grading

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    danniellekaye14
    This document provides a review of basic chemistry concepts covered in the first half of the general chemistry 1 course. It includes: 1. A brief history of chemistry and important contributors such as Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. 2. Dalton's atomic theory which states that matter is made of atoms and that atoms of different elements have different properties. 3. Descriptions of atoms, isotopes, molecules, and ions - the basic units of matter. 4. Guidelines for naming covalent compounds and molecules using prefixes and suffixes.

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    Blessing Chem 2nd Half 1st Grading

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    danniellekaye14
    8 views2 pages
    This document provides a review of basic chemistry concepts covered in the first half of the general chemistry 1 course. It includes: 1. A brief history of chemistry and important contributors such as Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. 2. Dalton's atomic theory which states that matter is made of atoms and that atoms of different elements have different properties. 3. Descriptions of atoms, isotopes, molecules, and ions - the basic units of matter. 4. Guidelines for naming covalent compounds and molecules using prefixes and suffixes.

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    Chemistry

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    Blessing-Chem-2nd-Half-1st-Grading

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    This document provides a review of basic chemistry concepts covered in the first half of the general chemistry 1 course. It includes: 1. A brief history of chemistry and important contributors such as Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. 2. Dalton's atomic theory which states that matter is made of atoms and that atoms of different elements have different properties. 3. Descriptions of atoms, isotopes, molecules, and ions - the basic units of matter. 4. Guidelines for naming covalent compounds and molecules using prefixes and suffixes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Blessing Chem 2nd Half 1st Grading

    Uploaded by

    danniellekaye14
    This document provides a review of basic chemistry concepts covered in the first half of the general chemistry 1 course. It includes: 1. A brief history of chemistry and important contributors such as Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. 2. Dalton's atomic theory which states that matter is made of atoms and that atoms of different elements have different properties. 3. Descriptions of atoms, isotopes, molecules, and ions - the basic units of matter. 4. Guidelines for naming covalent compounds and molecules using prefixes and suffixes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

    2ND HALF OF FIRST QUARTER


    REVIEWER

    A. BASIC CHEMISTRY CONCEPTS

    A.1: Brief History of Chemistry

    Alchemy – protoscience that aims to transform metals into gold


    (transmutation).
    To find a way to cure diseases and extend life.
    Robert Boyle – renamed chemistry in his work “The Sceptical Chymist
    (1661).
    Antoine Lavoisier – father of modern chemistry.
    Law of Conservation of Mass – mass of reactant is equal to the mass of
    product.

    A.2: Dalton’s Atomic Theory

    1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.

    2. All atoms of given element are identical, but atoms of one element are
    different from the atoms of all other elements.
    3. Atoms of one element cannot be changed into atoms of different
    element by chemical reactions, atoms are neither created nor destroyed
    in chemical reactions.
    4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element
    combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and
    kind of atoms.

    A.3: Atoms

    Smallest unit of matter.


    Has 3 sub-atomic particles: Proton (+), Neutron (neutral), Electron (-).
    Atomic Number (Z) = no. of Proton = no. of electrons
    Atomic Mass (A) = no. of proton + no. of neutrons
    Number of Neutrons = A – Z

    A.4: Isotopes

    Same number of proton but different number of neutrons, atomic mass


    (A) will be affected.

    A.5: Molecules

    Formed by two or more atoms. Molecule is always a combination of two


    or more nonmetals.
    Molecule or Covalent compounds – sharing of electrons of 2 or more
    nonmetals.
    Ionic compound/formula unit/Ion – transfer (receiving/giving) of electrons
    from a metal to nonmetal.

    A.6: Ions

    Charged atoms/molecules
    Cation – more protons than electrons (positively charged). Donates/loses
    electrons.
    Anion – more electrons than protons (negatively charged). Gains
    electrons.
    Monoatomic – contains only one atom.
    Polyatomic – contains more than one atom.

    ✓ Identity of element/atom depends on number of proton.


    ✓ Isotopes depend on number of neutrons
    ✓ Ions depend on number of electrons.

    B. NOMENCLATURE OR NAMING OF COVALENT COMPOUNDS/MOLECULES


    Covalent compounds – occur between nonmetals. Sharing of electrons.
    Ionic compounds – occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Transfer of
    electrons.
    Structure:
    Prefix of the 1st element + 1st element + prefix of 2nd element
    + root name of 2nd element + ide

    Example:

    ✓ N2O5 – dinitrogen pentaoxide or dinitrogen pentoxide


    ✓ PCl3 – phosphorous trichloride
    ✓ CH4 – carbon tetrahydride
    ✓ CO – carbon monoxide
    ✓ IF7 – iodine heptafluoride

    “Mekus-Mekus ka insan sa Exam! Galingan mo!”


    Prepared by: Your chem-bot, chem-hot chem-teachers, Ms. Arra Grizzel D. Morico,
    Ms. Jolina A. Delos Santos, and Mr. Michael Vincent M. Salazar.

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