Senior

High
School

Philippine Politics and Governance

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
States, Nations and
Globalization

i
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE - GRADE 11 / 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 4: States, Nations and Globalization
First Edition, 2020

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Schools Division Superintendents:
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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Leo Andrew B. Diego
Content Editor: Archie M. Cascara
Language Editor: Kristine A. Hemor
Reviewer: Pedro J. Dandal Jr.
Management Team: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
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Felix M. Famaran Aurelia
B. Marquez Rodgie S.
Demalinao Pedro J.
Dandal Jr.

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 Senior High School

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND

GOVERNANCE
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
States, Nations and Globalization

iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Module 4 – States,

Nations and Globalization.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resources hope to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century skills while
taking consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

iv
For the learner:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – States, Nations and
Globalization.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
What I Know
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
What’s In
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a
What’s New
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
of the lesson. This aims to help you
What is It discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
What’s More understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.

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 This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
What I Have Learned process what you learned from the

vi
 lesson.
This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
What I Can Do knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
Assessment
learning competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
Additional Activities
skill of the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in
the module.
Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the identification of inquiry and stating the research problem. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.
This lesson contains the clarity of identification of specific political phenomenon.
Learning Competencies:
1. Define nation and state (HUMSS_PG12-Ie-15)
2. Differentiate nation from state (HUMSS_PG12-Ie-16)
3. Explain meanings of globalization (HUMSS_PG12-Ie-17)
4. evaluate how globalization influences nation-states (HUMSS_PG12-Ie-18)

After this lesson you are expected to:

1. define nation and state;
2. differentiate nation from state;
3. explain meanings of globalization; and,
4. evaluate how globalization influences nation-states.

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 What I Know

Pre-Test
Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. This term is taken from the Latin stare (to stand) a political community that
occupies a definite territory; having an organized government with the authority
to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority. It is
also defined as a self-governing political entity.
A. State C. Globalization
B. Nation D. None of these

2. It refers to the portion of the earth which composed of aerial (air space
above), fluvial (waters around and connecting the islands of the archipelago)
and the terrestrial (landmass) domains.
A. Territory C. Globalization
B. People D. None of these
3. This is one of the elements of the states which refer to coastal states that have
sovereignty, including exclusive fishing.
A. Territory C. Globalization
B. People D. Continental Shelf
4. This term refers to supreme and absolute power within its territorial
boundaries.
A. Territory C. Sovereignty
B. People D. Government
5. The following are the characteristics of Sovereignty EXCEPT:
A. Sovereignty is absolute from the legal point of view.
B. Sovereignty is permanent
C. Sovereignty of the state is universal
D. Sovereignty is alienable
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6. It refers to a voluntary association of independent states that often only delegate
a few powers to the central government. Weak or loose organization of
states agrees to follow a powerful central government.
A. Federal C. Unitary Government
B. Confederation D. None of these
7. This type of government is divided between one central and several regional
authorities. Example: Malaysia, USA, Nigeria, Australia.
A. Federal C. Unitary Government
B. Confederation D. None of these
8. This is a form of government wherein one person possesses unlimited
power. The citizen has limited, if any, role in government.
a. Autocratic c. Democracy
b. Oligarchy d. Monarchy
9. In , the king, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme and
unlimited powers of government wherein the position is usually inherited.
Absolute monarch rules by divine right are rare today but from the 1400s to
the 1700s they rule most of Western Europe.
A. Autocratic C. Democracy
B. Oligarchy D. Absolute Monarchy
10. This is the government by the few. Sometimes a small group exercises control,
especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The group gets its power from
military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination. In here, the
citizen has a very limited role.
A. Autocratic C. Democracy
B. Oligarchy D. Absolute Monarchy
11. It is a government based on the consent of the governed. The people are the
sovereign, thus, they hold the highest political authority.
A. Autocratic C. Democracy
B. Oligarchy D. Absolute Monarchy
12. A form of government wherein it has the peoples support and possess
constitutional mandate. Therefore, it is a legitimate government.
A. De facto C. Democracy
B. Oligarchy D. De jure

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13. It is the social construction of a collective identity. It is an imagined political
community that is imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign.
A. State C. Democracy
B. Oligarchy D. Nation

14. It is a belief that kings are chosen to rule the Ancient state by a deity
examples include Egyptians and Aztecs.
A. Divine Right C. Social contract
B. Oligarchy D. Absolute Monarchy
15. Governments emerged when people were brought under the control of some
power. States emerged from the conquest of other families or tribes.
A. Autocratic C. Democracy
B. Social contract D. Divine Right

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Module
States, Nations and Globalization
4

States, nations and globalization are the trending issues in the 21 st century. In this
trying times where COVID 19 significantly affected every state and nation in an enormous
scale, learning the details on these terms are absolutely needed to provide balance and
harmony in society. In this contemporary world where every society faces challenges,
appalling political problems in their various degrees emerge. In this case, understanding and
differentiating state, nation and globalization is a must, that is, a clear and doubt-free
thoughts have to be laid down especially on the functionality and meaning of the terms. In
politics, your mind has a tendency to think about many different things ranging from low
order thinking skills such as asking what, who, where and when) to higher order thinking
skills such as asking how and why. These modes of thinking trigger you to clarify your belief
and understanding of states, nations and globalization.

What’s In
Activity 1: Defining Moment!
Directions: In your own understanding, define, explain and cite specific situation about the
following questions.
1. What is Power?

2. How should one exercise his/her power?

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 3. Who have powers in the country?

Activity 2: KWL CHART!

Directions: What questions about the difference between a nation and a state you have in
mind? (Put their responses in the “Want” column.
Know Want Learn
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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Activity 3: Think about It!
Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your
understanding of the quotation below. Write your answer in your
notebook.

“Think globally, but act locally”

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 What’s New

Activity 3: ACROSTIC

Directions: Let the students give characteristics of Nation, State and Globalization
based from the letters of the word
N-A-T-I-O-N/S-T-A-T-E/G-L-O-B-A-L-I-Z-A-T-I-O-N.

Example:

N-ationalistic attitude
A-altruistic in nature
T-rust the goverment
I- initiate projects
O-pposing corruption
N- eeds unity in action

Student’s Output

1.
N--
A -
T -
I -
O -
N -

2.
S-
T-
A-
T-
E -

3.
G-
L-
O-
B-
A-
L-
I -
Z-
A-
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 T-
I -
O-
N-

What Is It

States Nations and Globalization

Concept of a State
State taken from the Latin stare (to stand) a state is a political community that
occupies a definite territory; having an organized government with the authority to
make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority. It is also
defined as a self-governing political entity.

Elements of a State

1 People - also known as population or inhabitants.

2. Territory - refers to the portion of the earth which composed of aerial (air
space above), fluvial (waters around and connecting the islands of the archipelago)
and the terrestrial (landmass) domains.

Maritime terms:
a. Territorial Sea - coastal states have sovereignty, including exclusive fishing rights
(12 nautical miles)

b. Contiguous zone- coastal state can enforce its customs, immigration, and sanitation
laws and exercise “hot pursuit” out of its territorial waters (24 nautical miles).

c. Exclusive Economic Zone - state has recognized rights to explore, exploit,

conserve, and manage the natural resources (200 nautical miles).

d. Continental Shelf - countries have exclusive rights to natural resources up to 350

nm.

e. High Seas - beyond EEZ - “common heritage of humankind.”

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3. Sovereignty - refers to supreme and absolute power within its territorial
boundaries.

Types of Sovereignty

1. internal is the power of the state to rule within its territory

2. External is the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without
subjection to or control by other states.

Characteristics of Sovereignty

1. Sovereignty is absolute from the legal point of view.

2. Sovereignty is permanent
3. Sovereignty of the state is universal
4. Sovereignty is inalienable
5. Sovereignty cannot be divided between or shared by a plurality
6. Sovereignty is exclusive

4. Government – refers to the institution or agency or instrumentalities through

which the state maintains social order, provide public services, and enforces binding
decisions. International recognition, e.g. by the UN

Forms of Government
1. Distribution of Power
a. Unitary government power is held by one central authority.
Example:
Philippines, Denmark, Italy, Finland Peru.
b. Confederation it is a voluntary association of independent states that often only
delegate a few powers to the central government. Weak or loose organization
of states agrees to follow a powerful central government.

Examples: The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) formerly known as the

Soviet Union, Switzerland’s canton system.
c. Federal government power is divided between one central and
several
regional authorities. Example: Malaysia, USA, Nigeria, Australia

2. Citizen Participation

a. Autocracy. Form of government wherein one person possesses unlimited

power. The citizen has limited, if any, role in government. The leader is from a family
or from a social class or from a strong party. In addition, Monarchy is a government in
which a supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a
state or territory, usually for life and by

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hereditary right; the monarch may be wither a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign – such
a king, queen, or prince – with constitutionally limited authority.

Form of Autocratic Government

1. Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship. The ideas of a single leader glorified.

Government tries to control all aspects of social and economic life. Moreover, the
government is not responsible to the people. Thus, the people lack the power to
limit their rulers. Examples: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin.
2. Absolute Monarchy. The king, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme and
unlimited powers of government wherein the position is usually inherited. Absolute
monarch rules by divine right are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they rule
most of Western Europe. Example: King of Saudi Arabia. The counterpart of absolute
monarchy is limited monarchy wherein the ruler has a limited power as mandated by
the constitution.

b. Oligarchy. It is the government by the few. Sometimes a small group exercises

control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The group gets its power from
military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination. In here, the citizen
has a very limited role. Thus, political opposition is usually suppressed-sometimes
violently. Example: Communist countries such as China, Leaders in the party and
armed forces control government.

Note: Autocracy and oligarchy sometimes claim they rule for the people but in reality,
the people have very little say in both types of government. They may hold elections
which only one candidate or control the results in various ways. Moreover, even when
the government have a legislature or national assembly, they often only approve
decisions made by the leaders.

c. Democracy. It is a government based on the consent of the governed. The people

are the sovereign, thus, they hold the highest political authority. Citizens have
freedom to criticize their leaders because they are the one who elected them in the
position. People have high a degree of participation in every government processes.

Democracy has two forms: Indirect democracy or representative democracy

is a form of democratic government wherein the people directly elect their leaders who
will govern them and perform governmental functions; and Direct democracy is a
form of government wherein the people will convene in a mass assembly and directly
formulate an expressed the will of the state

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3. Legitimacy

a. De jure. It is a form of government wherein it has the peoples support and possess
constitutional mandate. Therefore, it is a legitimate government.

b. De facto. It is a form of government supported by the people but no constitutional

mandate or legal support.

Executive and Legislative Relationship

a. Presidential – a form of government in which executive branch exists separately

from the legislature. The president is constitutionally independent from the legislature
because they are elected directly by the people.
b. Parliamentary – a form of government in which members of an executive branch
(the cabinet and its leader - a prime minister are nominated to their positions by a
legislature or parliament, and are directly responsible to it)

An Independent State

➢ Has space or territory which has internationally recognized boundaries.

➢ Has people who live there on an on-going basis.
➢ Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country
regulates foreign trade and domestic trade and issues money.
➢ Has the power of social engineering, such as education
➢ Has a transportation system for moving goods or services.
➢ Has a government which provided public services and police power.
➢ Has sovereignty. No other state should have the power over the country’s territory.
➢ Has external recognition. A country has been “voted into the club” by other
countries.

Origins of the State

1. Evolution Theory – States evolved from family units. The families grew into a
large extended family that heads of the family served as a government. Eventually
evolved into tribal councils with a hierarchy of authority.
2. Force Theory - Governments, emerged when people were brought under the
control of some power. States emerged from the conquest of other families or
tribes.
3. Divine Right - Belief that kings are chosen to rule the Ancient state by a deity
examples include Egyptians and Aztecs.
4. Social Contract - It existed during the 17th Century and the Age of
Enlightenment. People begin to challenge the monarchy and the idea of Divine Right.

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Concept of Nation

➢ Nation (Anderson 1991, Poggi 2008) is the social construction of a collective

identity. It is an imagined political community that is imagined as both
inherently limited and sovereign.
➢ It is also defined as a group of people who share the same territory, geography,
language, customs and sometimes religion.

Distinction between the State and Nation (Murali, et.al. 2005)

Concept of Globalization

Globalization also known as global industrialism is a process of forging international

political, economic, religious, and socio-cultural interconnections. The concept of
sovereign nation-states is increasingly being challenged by globalization.

State Nation
Exited not only at present but also in the Modern phenomenon.
ancient period.
It is legal political. It is racial cultural.
People organized for law within a definite People psychologically joined together
territory. with common will to live together.

A state must be sovereign. People continue as a nation even if they do

not remain sovereign.
Inhabited by heterogeneous groups Inhabited by homogenous groups of people.
of People

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 What’s More

Activity 3: T Chart
Directions: Justify the Philippines as a nation and as a state using the T- diagram.
Write your answers on your notebook.

The Philippines

as a Nation as a State

Activity 4: PERS time

Directions: Illustrate or identify scenarios how globalization works in Philippine context
in terms of:
1. Political

2. Economic

3. Religious; and

Socio-cultural interconnections

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 What I Have Learned
1. Today, I realized that…

2. The topic that captured my interest is/are…

3. I want to apply this topic on…

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Compare and Contrast!

Directions: Elaborate your observations from what you have learned in recycle and re-use
through writing the differences and similarities using Venn diagram and using
your gathered data answer the following guide questions.

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 Venn Diagram

Ans. Ans. Ans.

STATES NATIONS
SIMILARITIES
Examples:
Examples: Examples:
1.
1. 2. 1.
2. 3. 2.
3. 3.

Activity 6: Looking at the Global lenses!

Directions: Identify current issues in the country, which has reached global attention. For
example, the war on drugs. The students write these on his or her notebook on
the appropriate column.
Socio-Cultural Political Religious

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 Assessment

How are you? I hope you enjoyed the lesson 1. Okay let’s see how much you have
learned.
Write your answer on your test notebook.

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write T if the bold and italicized word is correct
and write F if the bold and italicized word is false.
1. Globalization is taken from the Latin stare (to stand) a political community
that occupies a definite territory; having an organized government with the
authority to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher
authority. It is also defined as a self- governing political entity.
2. Territory refers to the portion of the earth which composed of aerial (air
space above), fluvial (waters around and connecting the islands of the
archipelago) and the terrestrial (landmass) domains.
3. People is one of the elements of the states which refer to coastal states that have
sovereignty, including exclusive fishing.
4. Sovereignty refers to supreme and absolute power within its territorial
boundaries.
5. Sovereignty can be divided between or shared by a plurality.
6. Confederation is a voluntary association of independent states that often only
delegate a few powers to the central government. Weak or loose organization
of states agrees to follow a powerful central government.
7. Federal government power is not divided between one central and several
regional authorities. Example: Malaysia, USA, Nigeria, Australia.
8. Autocracy is a form of government wherein one person possesses unlimited
power. The citizen has limited, if any, role in government.
9. In absolute, totalitarian dictatorship, the king, queen, or emperor exercises the
supreme and unlimited powers of government wherein the position is usually
inherited. Absolute monarch rules by divine right

16
 are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they rule most of Western
Europe.
10. Oligarchy is the government by the few. Sometimes a small group exercises
control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The group gets its power
from military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination. In here,
the citizen has a very limited role.
11. Democracy is a government not based on the consent of the governed. The
people are the sovereign, thus, they hold the highest political authority.
12. De jure is a form of government wherein it has the peoples support and
possess constitutional mandate. Therefore, it is a legitimate government.
13. Nation (Anderson 1991, Poggi 2008) is not the social construction of a
collective identity. It is an imagined political community that is imagined
as both inherently limited and sovereign.
14. Divine Right is a belief that kings are chosen to rule the Ancient state by
a deity examples include Egyptians and Aztecs.
15. In social contract theory, governments emerged when people were brought
under the control of some power. States emerged from the conquest of other
families or tribes.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax for a while then wait for the next module.
Good luck!

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Read the statements carefully and write your answers on your notebook.
1. Identify at least two countries, which are not yet recognized as “states”. Learn about
their status specifically on how it affects the lives of their people.

2. Identify at least two countries, which are not yet recognized as “nation”. Learn about
their status specifically on how it affects the lives of their people.

3. Evaluate the influences of globalization in the Philippines.

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 Answer Key

15.False 15.B
14.True 14.A
13.False 13.D
12.True 12.D
11.False 11.C
10.True 10.A
9. False 9. D
8. True 8.
7. False A C
7.
6. True 6. A
5. False 5. A
4. True vary. 4. C
3. False Answers may 3. A
2. True A 2.
1. False A 1.
Assessment What's More What I
Know

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References
Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, p 192 and
p. 46.

Politics without Borders” by Mendoza and Melegrito, pages 24- 36

Philippines Politics and Governance by: Rhene Tabajen and Erlinda Pulma, pp: 21- 30

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