Cloud Architecture and Applications

Chapter 2

Ashim Khadka
Outline

1 Cloud Computing Architecture

Infrastructural Constraints

2 Applications of cloud computing

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture is divided into two parts
Front-end Platform → User Interface
Back-end Platform → Cloud Service Provider
Front-end and back-end communicate via a network (internet).

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud computing architecture

Frontend
Consists of client’s side applications, which communicate with Back
end via internet
Users or clients can access all networked services through the front
end which can be any web-enabled interface
For example: to access email, open the web browser and go to your
mail account

Backend architecture
Managed by the host or cloud service provider
Consists of huge data storage, virtual machines, security mechanisms,
deployment models, service models, and servers
delivers the backend data from the database to the front end
Responsible for managing traffic and protecting data
Users: no information about the backend acts as a blind box
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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Backend architecture

Vital components included in the backend

1 Application
2 Services
3 Cloud runtime
4 Storage
5 Infrastructure
6 Security
7 Management

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture

Application:
Refers to the software or app that the client or user wants to access
Users can interact with applications with the help of a web browser or
mobile app

Services
Refer to any IT services delivered by the cloud service provider on the
demand of the client
Three types of services:
SaaS: Provides application services
e.g: Gmail, Netflix, Zoom
PaaS: Provides platform services
e.g: Facebook, Twitter
IaaS: Provides infrastructure services
e.g: create and test software

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture

Cloud runtime:
This is the place where the service runs.
provides execution and runtime environment for the virtual machines
consider as the operating system of the cloud
It includes a technology like virtualization which allows multiple
servers to exist on the same server
PaaS and Iaas include cloud runtime

Storage:
Storage is the place where the data of the client resides in the cloud
system
Cloud service providers provide their own segments for storing data

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture

Infrastructure:
Infrastructure actually describes the set of components that frame the
cloud system
It is the vital component of the cloud system architecture which
consists of components like
Hypervisor
Management software
Deployment software
Network
Server
Storage

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture: Infrastructure

Hypervisor
Hypervisor: also known as Virtual Machine Monitor or VMM
It is defined as a specialized firmware or software, or a combination of
both that creates and runs virtual machines
It gives the facility to run numerous virtual operating systems on a
single computer system
Physical hardware like memory, processor, and storage can also be
shared among various virtual machines
Hypervisor enabling a single physical server to independently run
multiple guest VMs each with their own operating systems (OSs)
logically separate from each other
Problems or crashes in one guest VM have no effect on the other
guest VMs, OSs, or the applications running on them

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture: Infrastructure

Hypervisor

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture: Infrastructure

Management software
helps to maintain and configure the infrastructure

Deployment Software
Refers to a set of all steps, processes, and actions that are required to
make a software available for use
It is used to deploy and integrate applications on the cloud
It enables SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS solutions that may be accessed by
clients or end users on demand

Network
Vital components of infrastructure that enables users to connect to
the cloud
Users can access cloud services with the help of network (internet)
The speed of data transfer depends on the network quality
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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture: Infrastructure

Server
Handles, allocates, de-allocates and computes cloud resources to the
organization
Also responsible for sharing and monitoring the cloud resources
Cloud servers prevent us from all the problems that are encountered
with physical servers

Storage
Place where the data is stored on the cloud
Multiple copies of your data are stored on the storage system so that
if one system fails, you can access your data from anywhere

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 Cloud Computing Architecture

Component of Backend Architecture:

Management
Management is responsible for the effective and smooth functioning
of the cloud system
It manages the communication between the front end and backend

Security
Security of data is the primary concern for every organization,
business, or personal users
Everyone wants to keep their information safe and secure
to keep cloud data secure, a lot of emphasis is laid on the security
tools, policies, mechanisms, and technologies
It is the responsibility of the backend to secure the cloud system with
firewall, redundancy concept, and preventing data loss

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 Cloud Computing Architecture Infrastructural Constraints

Infrastructural Constraints

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 Cloud Computing Architecture Infrastructural Constraints

Infrastructural Constraints:
Transparency
In a Cloud environment, virtualization is the key to share the
resources.
It is impossible to satisfy the demand with single resource or server
there should be transparency in resources, load balancing and
application, so that we can scale the resources on demand

Scalability
Scaling up an application delivery solution is not that easy as scaling
up an application
because it involves configuration overhead or even re-architecting the
network
Application delivery solution is need to be scalable which will require
the virtual infrastructure such that resource can be provisioned and
de-provisioned easily
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 Cloud Computing Architecture Infrastructural Constraints

Infrastructural Constraints:

Intelligent Monitoring
To achieve transparency and scalability, application solution delivery
will need to be capable of intelligent monitoring

Security
In security, the mega data center in the cloud must be securely
architected
The control node, an entry point in mega data center also requires to
be secure

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 Applications of cloud computing

Applications of Cloud computing

Business
Data storage and backup service applications
Management applications
Social applications
Entertainment applications
Education applications
E-commerce applications

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