Vibhu ST
Vibhu ST
Vibhu ST
As time passes, our world is developing with full acceleration in every field, be it
technology, accessibility, research and development, and many more. While
competing with each other for resources and hegemony over one another, many
countries face different problems. Some developed, but most of the countries
remained underdeveloped, and some are still developing, facing different types of
problems like poverty, unemployment, citizens' health, crimes, etc., but the most
important problem is "terrorism,” which is an extreme form of crime. Terrorism has
been a challenge in developing as well as developed nations, with some facing it more
frequently than others. As well, “terrorism” means an act that causes immense
violence in society, which could be in the form of bombing any building like a
parliament or monument, train blasts, gunning down people, hijacking planes or
trains, and many more. Due to this, the social fabric of society gets destroyed, creating
immense fear and trauma in the minds of people. If someone has to go on their duty to
college, school, or club, they do not want to go even though they can’t think to go out
of their house and buildings. Also, not only does it disturb the place of the incident
area, it also disturbs the neighboring areas and nation as a whole. Terrorism destroys
what the country has achieved and encompassed. The organizations, or terror groups,
are supported by some of the countries that blindly support the ideology of these
organizations; they motivate and incite them to conduct terror activities.
As world changing and shifting toward the modernization, the organisation of these
terror groups also adopting the significant changes in their method and plannings.
They are shifting toward the method of suicide terrorism or suicide bombing from the
conventional way of terrorism. So now the question is what is Suicide terrorism? and
why the terrorist organisation shifted toward it? Suicide terrorism indicates that it is a
type of terrorism in which the attacker willingly carry explosives items on his/her
body or may be in his/her vehicle with fully consciousness of their mind, the suicide
attacker often target the place and time where large no of civilians or crowd is
present. When they feel that it is proper time and place for execute their mission than
they execute it and sacrifice their life. According to them there are various reasons
why terrorist organisation shifted toward it is,first the success rate in this type of
method is comparatively more than the conventional method, secondly if they want to
target on particular thing then they can easily target it, thirdly they can bring any type
of modification if needed in their plan at any time or even they can stop their plan by
observing the condition of the circumstances. But they can not change their plan
when they use the conventional way
Suicide terrorism can be observed at two levels first one can be seen at domestic level
and another can be at transnational level. So to distinguish these two level of terrorism
by some variables, if the attacker and victim are from same nation and attack also
take place in the same country then it is considered as Domestic Terrorism, basically
it is embedded at home and free from any kind of international interests and. Some of
the examples of domestic terrorism are as follows, in 1995 the bombing of Oklahoma
City bombing, where Timothy McVeigh deliberated to initiate a war against the U.S
government, happened in the U.S, executed by U.S citizens, and plotted against the
other U.S citizens. Another example of suicide terrorism is that when
Now the variables we observe in Transnational terrorism is, if the attack is done by
preparator and he/she belongs from another country, victim and place is also from
another country. The big examples of Transnational terrorism is the attack 9/11
The September 11 attacks, which occurred in 2001, were a series of Suicide attacks by
al-Qaeda's 19 militants. Firstly, they crashed two planes into the World Trade Centre,
one into the Pentagon, and one in Pennsylvania by hijacking them. About 2,750 died
in New York, 184 at the Pentagon, and 40 in Pennsylvania. Nearly 2,970 died. The
attacks triggered a major U.S. effort against terrorism, consequential in significant
global political and security changes.
The Plot
The attacks were planned by al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. He believed the U.S.
was weak. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed who was operational planner proposed crashing
planes into U.S. buildings, and the plot involved global coordination. Pilots and
planners formed the "Hamburg cell." The Key elements of attacks were shaped in
Hamburg, Germany. Mohammed Atta was lead hijacker who was based in the U.S.,
and he kept others informed through coded emails. The attacks were scheduled for
September 11, 2001, a date revealed through a coded message. The hijackers
established themselves in the U.S.
The Attacks
On September 11, terrorists hijacked four domestic flights where they crashed two
into the World Trade Center after passengers attempted to overpower the hijackers.
The attacks followed in the collapse of the Twin Towers, which killed nearly 3,000
people. President George W. Bush addressed the nation and pledged a robust
response. Immediately the rescue operation began, with firefighters, police officers,
and other first responders working determinedly. His strong response garnered
widespread support. He visited Ground Zero by making a memorable commitment to
those affected by the tragedy. The attacks had a deep impact on U.S. foreign policy
and led to a global effort to combat terrorism.
The aftermath
The aftermath of the September 11 attacks was manifested by emotional distress,
financial disruptions, and a global response. The collapse of the World Trade Center
deeply affected millions of people. The attacks led to the strategic failure of al-Qaeda.
The U.S. initiated military action in Afghanistan. It also increased security measures,
and passed the USA PATRIOT Act. The aftermath had shaped U.S. foreign policy. It
invades Iraq in 2003 to combating terrorism.
It's been 15 years since the devastating terrorist attacks that shook India's financial
capital, Mumbai, on November 26, 2008.The most terrific terrorist attack and the
planned attack in the Indian history, happened in 26 November 2008 and continued
for three days continued. Ten Pakistani terrorists infiltrated south Mumbai via
Arabian sea, raid different corners of the city and fired indiscriminately which
resulted the death of the 166 people and morethan 300 were injured. across Mumbai.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, the Oberoi Trident, the Taj Mahal Palace
and Tower, Leopold Cafe, Cama Hospital, the Nariman House Jewish community
centre were some of the most targeted places due to its over gathering of people; by
the terrorists and lasted till 29 November 2008. Among ten; nine terrorist were later
killed by the Anti Terrorism Squad (ATS) and tenth was captured alive Ajmal Kasab.
It actually broadcast the loopholes in the security system that India had to deal with
the new breed of terrorism. Although myriad comparisons were made between
the September 11, 2001, attacks in the United States and those that occurred in
Mumbai, the latter outbreak of terrorism was of a much more-limited scale, in terms
of both casualties and financial implications. The Mumbai attacks did, however,
evoke a similarly strong national and international outcry against such violence and
renewed calls to increase efforts to deal with the menace of terrorism. This November
attack the existing government about the mechanisms of ruling. India’s interior
minister, Shivraj Patil, who was widely criticized in the aftermath of the attacks,
tendered his resignation on November 30, 2008, declaring that he took “moral
responsibility” for the assault.
MOTIVE BEHIND THIS HEINOUS ACT:
In early cases, it was not centralized and was done by some lone actors who had their
motives. But as time passed non-state actors found this way very effective and
logistically easy which does not need much resource and planning apart from one
carrier. Nonstate actors like terror organizations were top-down associations made for
particular causes which can be different for different organisations. Islamic State of
Iraq and Syria which is also active in Afghanistan is doing this kind of attack in SHIA
MOSQUES as most of the fighters of ISIS are SUNNI Muslims. They were also
orchestrating these attacks against the Afghani government after the takeover of
AFGHANISTAN by TALIBAN against the Taliban.
Here people sitting at the top of these outfits and their commanders brings people out
of their home and preach them propaganda nad brainwash the
Taliban is carrying out these same suicide attacks in the border state of PAKISTAN
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA and also in the border of IRAN. HAMAS and IPJ are
terror organizations recognized by a large number of countries as terror organizations
also carry out attacks in ISRAEL from time to time.
BALOCH LIBERATIION ORGANIZATION which is banned by Pakistan and
CHINA and marked as a terror outfit. This outfit has carried out several Fidayeen (a
member of an Ismaili order of assassins known for their willingness to offer their lives
to carry out delegated assignments of murdering appointed victims) attacks and most
of the bombers were women. One best example is a mother who was a Baloch teacher
and hailed from wealthy family who bombed herself in the crowd in Pakistan to