BOXING

A combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such
as hand wraps and mouth guards , they throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in boxing
ring.
EQUIPMENTS:
 Boxing short/trunks- used by boxers both in practice and during matches, it is usually made of satin with
a cooling polyester base
T-shirt/tank top- while boxer fight shirtless in official boxing matches, some choose to wear a shirt or a tank top
when doing drills or when sparring in practice
 Boxing gloves- is a crucial part of boxing and comes with different sizes that needs to be a perfect fit to the
fighter who will wear it, boxing gloves, are measured in weight so boxers have to choose between 10,
12,14,16,18 or 20 ounce gloves, the gloves you choose will vary depending on your skill level and body
weight as dictated by the organization you’re boxing within.
 Mouth guards- as essentials protective equipment and mandatory in boxing, spitting it out on purpose
during a match can result in the loss of points, mouth guards are usually made of rubbery material and
must be comfortable and the boxer must feel safe using them.
 Boxing shoes- a major part of boxing and is crucial for the boxer to support their ankles to let them
perform at their best, it must be also enough so that it don’t compromise the agility of the user.
Wraps or gauze- used for wrapping the hands tightly around the wrist, palm and thumb making it safe to punch
and thus allowing for more power when doing so.

FAMOUS PEOPLE:
PHILIPPINES:
 Manny Pacquiao - is a Filipino former professional boxer who competed from 1995 to 2021.
 Mark Magsayo - is a Filipino professional boxer who held the WBC featherweight title in 2022.
 Nonito Donaire - He has held multiple world championships in four weight classes from flyweight
to featherweight,

WORLDWIDE/INTERNATIONAL
 Muhammad ali - Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports
figures of the 20th century, and is frequently ranked as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time.
 Mike Tyson - Nicknamed "Iron Mike" and "Kid Dynamite" in his early career, and later known as
"The Baddest Man on the Planet", Tyson is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight boxers
of all time.
 Floyd Mayweather Jr. - retiring with an undefeated record and winning 15 major world
championships from super featherweigh
GOLF
FIGURE SKATING is a sport that involves people skating on the ice where they gracefully perform freestyle
movements such as jumps, spins, footwork, and lifts. They call it Figure skating because of the patterns and
movements that skaters make on the ice, and it has become one of the best Olympics games that happen during
winter.

BASIC EQUIPMENT
The basic equipment you require for figure skating are boots, blades, and comfortable, warm clothing. As for all
sports, you'll also need to plan for hydration and, if you are skating outdoors, don't forget your sun protection too.

FIVE WELL KNOWN SKATERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Michael Martinez - is a Filipino Olympic figure skater. He is the 2015 Asian Figure Skating Trophy
champion, a two-time Triglav Trophy champion and has won one ISU Challenger Series medal, silver at the
2014 Warsaw Cup.
2. Christopher Caluza - is a retired Filipino American figure skater. He is the 2013 Lombardia Trophy silver
medalist, 2012 Bavarian Open bronze medalist, and the three-time Philippines national champion.
3. Edrian Celestino - is a Filipino-Canadian figure skater. He is the 2019 Philippine national champion and
qualified to the free skating at the 2020 Four Continents Championships.
4. Dikki Martinez - is a Filipino figure skater. He was the 2009 Men's Senior Gold medalist of the Philippine
Figure Skating Championships. He holds the record for most wins in the Junior Men's Division.
5. Alisson Perticheto - is a former Swiss-Filipino figure skater who represented the Philippines. She is the
2017 Egna Spring Trophy champion, 2015 Skate Helena silver medalist, and 2014 Philippines national
champion.

FIVE WELL KNOWN SKATERS IN THE WORLD

1. Yuzuru Hanyu - is a Japanese former competitive figure skater. He is a two-time Olympic champion (2014,
2018), a two-time World champion (2014, 2017), a four-time Grand Prix Final champion (2013–2016), a
Four Continents champion (2020), the 2010 World Junior champion, the 2009–10 Junior Grand Prix Final
champion, and a six-time Japanese national champion (2012–2015, 2020–2021).
2. Michelle Kwan - is an American diplomat and retired figure skater who is the Ambassador-designate of
the United States to Belize. She is a two-time Olympic medalist (silver in 1998, bronze in 2002), a five-time
World champion (1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003) and a nine-time U.S. champion (1996, 1998–2005). She is
tied with Maribel Vinson for the all-time National Championship record.
3. Katarina Witt - is a German former figure skater. A two-time Olympic champion, Witt is regarded as one of
the greatest ladies' singles figure skaters of all time. Her Laureus profile states "she is remembered most
for her overall athleticism, her charismatic appeal and her glamorous image on the ice."
4. Peggy Fleming - is an American former figure skater and the only American in the 1968 Winter Olympics
in Grenoble, France to bring home a Gold Medal. She is the 1968 Olympic Champion in Ladies' singles and a
three-time World Champion (1966–1968). Fleming has been a television commentator in figure skating for
over 20 years, including several Winter Olympic Games.
5. Sonja Henie - was a Norwegian figure skater and film star. She was a three-time Olympic champion (1928,
1932, 1936) in women's singles, a ten-time World champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European
champion (1931–1936). Henie has won more Olympic and World titles than any other ladies' figure skater.
She is one of only two skaters to defend a ladies' singles Olympic title.
CYCLING
Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels, and lungs all get a
workout. You will breathe deeper, perspire and experience increased body temperature, which will improve your
overall fitness level. The health benefits of regular cycling include increased cardiovascular fitness.
Cycling quickly became an activity after bicycles were introduced in the 19 th century and remain popular
with more than a billion people worldwide used for recreational transportation and sport.
Cycling sport is a competitive physical activity using a bicycle. There are several categories of
bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle
speedway. Non-racing cycling sports include artistic cycling, cycle polo, freestyle BMX, and mountain bike trials.

3 Different Types of Cycling

Road Cycling
 as the name suggests, takes place on the roads and streets. The most famous road event in the world
is the Tour de France. Many road races are in the form of “stage races,” where the race is held in multiple
stages over the course of several days. Road races can be quite long (over a hundred miles), although there
are some races that are under called 25 miles, called sprints.

Off-road Cycling
 Off-road events include BMX, Motocross, cross country, and mountain bike racing. Mountain bikes
and BMX are both included in the Olympics. These events are contested on rough and uneven terrain,
including grass, gravel, mud, dirt, trails, and even sometimes over rocks. BMX racing in particular is very
technical, for BMX courses often include jumps and steep banks that disrupt the rider’s rhythm.

Track Cycling
 Track cycling events take place in Velodromes. Velodromes are large, fully enclosed arenas not
dissimilar to indoor tracks or fields. The actual racing track is a small loop, usually just over eight a
mile in length, made of wooden panels with steep that force the riders onto the inside of the track.

Helmet
Bike Bag
Patch Kit
Spare Tube
Minimum Tools
Pump
Tire Pressure Gauge
Water Bottle and Cage
Cycling Shoes
Cycling Gloves
Goggles/Glasses
Cycling Shorts
PLAYERS FROM PHILIPPINES

• Marcelo Felipe Hernandez- is a Filipino cyclist who currently rides for UCI continental team

• Ismael Grospe - is 24 years old Cyclist from the Philippines who currently rides for go for gold.

• Rex Luis Krog - is a road racing cyclist who competes internationally for Philippines.

Players World – wide

• Alfredo Binda-the first professional world cycling championships took place in 1927 at the Nurburgring in
Germany and was won by alfredo Binda of Italy.

• Fausto Coppi - Coppi was known for winning by large margins often in excess of 10 minutes he dominated the
sport both before and after world war II when the was held as a prisoner of war in North Africa.

SNOWBOARDING - Is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow- covered surface while
standing on a snowboard that is almost always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the winter " Olympic Games" and
winter "Paralympic Games." It is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is covered with snow while
standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, using a special boot set onto a mounted binding.

EQUIPMENTS IN SNOWBOARDING:

1. GLOVES - are great because they have more dexterity for handling gear and it is extremely important as your
hands are very sensitive to the cold.
2. BALACLAVAS - are very similar to face masks and neck warmers.
3. Goggles - are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order
to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes.
4. Snow Pants - for outdoor winter wear that are lined and often water repellant.
5. Snow Boot - are often presented in a spectrum of flexibility, ranging from soft to stiff.
6. Snowboard - a board resembling a short, broad ski, used for sliding downhill on snow.

FAMOUS PEOPLE

Ryan Espiritu - is a Filipino Canadian snowboarder who represents the Philippines in International competitions. Espiritu
has also represented the country at the 2010-2011 FIS Snowboard World Cup at the Parallel Slalom Giant Slalom event.

Shaun Roger White - byname the Flying Tomato, (born September 3, 1986, at San Diego, California, U.S), American
snowboarder who won Olympic gold medals in the half- pipe event in 2006, 2010, and 2018. He is highly decorated with
18x Games medal as well as 3 Olympic Gold Medals. Shaun White is an American professional snowboarder widely
known for best face in the sport snowboarding.

Travis Rice - ( born October 9, 1982) is an American professional snowboarder. He is #13 on Snowboarder magazine list
of the 20 most influential snowboarders. Rice was named the beat contemporary snowboarder in the world by Red Bull;
Rice was also hailed as one of the greatest snowboarders of all time by numerous writers and publications.
 Track and Field

•Track and Field is a sport, which is includes disciplines of running, jumping, and throwing events. The sport traces back
to Ancient Greece. The first recorded examples of this sport were at the Ancient Greek Olympics.

-Track & Field is divided up into two categories, track events and field events.

Track: Sprint, Hurdles, Steeplechase

Field: Long Jump, High Jump, Pole Vault, Javelin Throw, Hammer Throw, Discus Throw and Shot Put Throw

TRACK EVENTS

•Sprint -there are 3 sprint distances (100m, 200m, 400m), a mid-distance (800m) and long distances (1500m, 1600m,
3200m and 5000m).

•HurdleS -sprint and distance races where players jump over stuff.

•SteeplechasE - a footrace over an obstacle course that includes such obstacles as water ditches, open ditches, and
fences.

FIELD EVENTS

• Long Jump -is a sport of the track and field discipline in which athletes try to leap forward as far as possible.

•High Jump -competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it.

•Pole Vault- an athlete jumps over an obstacle with the aid of a pole.

•Shot Put - athletes try to throw a heavy ball as far as they can.

•Javelin Throw- athletes throw a metal-tipped javelin as far as possible.

•Hammer Thow - athlete needs to throw a heavy spherical object to prescribed distance, by spinning it in air with the
help of a wire or string attached to it.

•Discus Throw - athlete throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their
competitors.

LOCAL FAMOUS PEOPLE IN TRACK AND FIELD (PHILIPPINES)

• Ernest John Obiena -is a Filipino pole vaulter who made a breaking record at the Asian Athletics Championships and
won a gold medal in Germany.

• Edruardo Buenavista- is a Filipino long-distance runner and two-time Olympian. He holds the Philippine record for
multiple long-distance events.
FOREIGN FAMOUS PEOPLE IN TRACK AND FIELD

• Usain Bolt - is a Jamaican runner, widely considered as thesprinter of all time. He is the world record holder in the
100 metres, 200 metres, and 4 × 100 metres relay.

• Gerd Kanter - He is a popular Estonian discus thrower. He was the World Champion of 2007. He has won gold medal at
the 2008 Summer Olympics, and bronze medal

• Barbora Spotáková- Is a javelin thrower from Czech Republic.She is a two-time Olympic Champion and three-time
World Champion, as well as the current world record holder with a throw of 72.28 m.

WRESTLING
- The sports or activity of grappling with an opponent and trying to throw or hold them down on the ground ,typically
according to a code of rules

- Wrestling has existed since the time of ancient France, first making an appearance in cave drawings some 15,000 years
ago. Babylonia and Egyptian artifacts have shown ancient wrestlers performing techniques that modern-day
practitioners use in the present -day sport. The sport was introduced into the ancient Olympics in 708 BC ,shortly after
the games recorded history began.

EQUIPMENTS IN WRESTLING

 HEAD GEARS/ EAR GUARD- Designed to protect the wrestlers ears.

 WRESTLING SINGLET - Singlets are the typical dress for any wrestler . they are leotards, skin tight suits without
sleeves , made of spandex , with the addition of longer leg material.

 WRESTLING SHOES- Tend to have a high top design to provide ankle support and cushioning. Generally light and
flexible , they try to mimic the bare foot , while providing slightly more traction and ankle support and less chance of
contracting a disease or hurting the opponent with exposed toe nails.

 MOUTH GUARDS - A key piece of equipment for any contact sport. They are used to protect the teeth of those
engaged in the match.

FAMOUS WRESTLERS

 TJ PERKINS- Proudly presenting the Philippines, TJP was winner of the cruiser weight classic in 2016 and was the
inaugural title holder of the second iteration of the WWE Cruiser weight championship.

 DAVE BAUTISTA- Bautista was born in Washington , his mother is a Greek descent , and his father is the son of
Filipino immiimmigs . David Michael Bautista Jr. Is an American actor and retired professional wrestler. He participated
in WWE events from 2002 to 2010, in 2014 , and one final run from 2018 to 2019.

 THE ROCK - A 10 times world champion , including the promotions first of African - American descent. He is also
a two-time intercontinental Champion , a five -time tag Team Champion , the 2000 Royal Rumble winner, and WWE’s
sixth triple crown champion.- also known by his ring name The Rock , is an American actor,producer , businessman, and
former professional wrestler.

 JOHN CENA

- Is an American professional wrestler , actor , and former rapper. He is currently signed to WWE. Widely regarded as
one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, he is tied with Ric Flair for the most world championship reigns in
professional wrestling history.
SURFING
The sport or pastime of riding a wave towards the shore while standing or lying on a surfboard. The first surfing
references were found in Polynesia. Cave painting from the 12th Century show people riding on waves. In the course of
seafaring's, Polynesians brought surfing to Hawaii and the sport went viral. Surfing in Hawaii wasn't only a sport but also
an important part of the religion.

MANDATORY SURFING EQUIPMENT

 Surfboard - The magic carpet that enables you to ride waves.

 Fins - Surf fins are the wheels of a surfboard and provide stability, performance, and drive.
 Leash - The leash is the rope that keep the surfer connected to the surfboard.
 Surf Wax/Traction Pad - The grip that keeps surfers from slipping off the surfboard when paddling and
riding the wave.
 Wetsuit - The neoprene garment that allow surfers to stay in cold and cool waters for a long time.

INTERNATIONAL FAMOUS SURFER

KELLY SLATER - The famous surfer is an 11 times winner of the ASP World Tour Championship. He has the distinction of
being its youngest and oldest winner. He also won the Pipe Masters 5 times. In all. he has won 55 titles in the sport. He
essayed the role of Jim Slater in the famed television series Baywatch.

ANDY IRON- The Hawaiian great surfer won three consecutive world titles from 2002 to 2004. And it was said he would
surpass Kelly Slater’s record in the sport, but tragically his life was cut short at the age of 32. He suffered from a bipolar
disorder and drug addiction. He was the first surfer to win every title under the ASP calendar. Along with the world
championship, he won two Rip Curl Pro Search titles, three Quiksilver Pro France titles, and attained 20 elite tour
victories.

LOCAL FAMOUS SURFER

ROGER CASUGAY - A native of San Fernando, La Union, Casugay represented the Philippines in the surfing longboard
event at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games which his country hosted. Typhoon Kammuri (Tisoy) has affected the wave
conditions at the surfing venue of the games.

MONA LISA - is a half-Austrian, half-Filipino surfer who was born in the US, raised in Austria, and eventually moved to
the Philippines to reconnect with her roots and hone her surfing. With a challenging, storied past that involves a
turbulent home life, she has reaped the lessons to become one of the most inspirational surfers in the country. A vegan
chef and visual artist, she currently resides in Subic, where she surfs and practices yoga.

IKIT AGUDO - Soul surfer and longboarder Ikit has spent her entire life riding the picturesque waves of majestic Siargao
and currently works at Buddha’s Surf Resort on the island, teaching surfing to locals and tourists. A Philippine Surfing
Championship Tour finisher, Their skills combine natural talent and determined hard work, earning her fans from all over
the country.
Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one’s entire body to move through
water. The sport takes place in pools or open water.
Swimming is the complete exercise–it’s full body: resistance, endurance, and cardio.” In addition to the physical
benefits demonstrated by the strength of Olympic swimmers, the exercise can also help improve your health in a
variety of other ways and is a great workout for anyone regardless of age.

Equipments for swimming

1. Goggles
2. Swim cap
3. Earplugs
4. Nose clip

Filipino FAMOUS SWIMMERS and their contributions

Jessie Khing Lacuna - is a Filipino former competitive swimmer who competed in the freestyle and butterfly events. He
had, overall, won 26 Gold medals in Philippine Olympic Games and 7 in SEA Age Group Swimming Championship, he
represented the country Philippines in Southeast Asian Games and Asian Games.

Teófilo E. Yldefonso - was a Filipino breaststroke swimmer. He was the first Filipino and Southeast Asian to win an
Olympic medal, and the first Filipino to win multiple medals.

Jasmine Alkhaldi - represented the Philippines in the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Rio Olympic games. Alkhaldi
holds the Philippine women’s record in the 200, 100, and 50-meter freestyle events, as well as the 100-meter butterfly
and 50-meter butterfly events.

Best SWIMMERS Of all time

Michael Fred Phelps II - is an American former competitive swimmer. He is the most successful and most decorated
Olympian of all time with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals, Olympic
gold medals in individual events, and Olympic medals in individual events.

Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky - is an American competitive swimmer. She has won seven Olympic gold medals and 19
world championship gold medals, the most in history for a female swimmer.

Caeleb Remel Dressel OLY - is an American professional swimmer who specializes in freestyle, butterfly, and individual
medley events. He also became the first male swimmer in the history of swimming at the modern Olympic Games, since
1896, to win gold medals in the 50 meter freestyle, the 100 meter freestyle, and the 100 meter butterfly at the same
Olympics.
 INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

Skills

There are thousands of individual sports, and the skill requirements for each vary greatly; however, there are certain skills that apply to
most individual athletes. Most have high levels of cardiovascular fitness to allow for long hours of practice and play. Most have well-toned
muscles and are flexible.
One major advantage of competing in an individual sport is that the athlete can progress at her own pace to improve skills. The skills she
needs are more mental than physical. She needs autonomy, self-discipline, focused thinking, and passion. She must work on a specific skill
over and over until it is mastered. She is able to practice as early or late as she wants. She gets to take all the credit for winning, but she is on
her own and can blame no one but herself for any lackluster performances.

BADMINTON

History

The game of badminton originated in Siam, China over 2,000 years ago. It was brought to

England in 1870 and was played somewhat like tennis. After being played in Canada,

badminton arrived in America and has been popular since 1929. Since 1992, badminton has

been an Olympic sport, with bird speeds reaching 100 m.p.h.

Nature of the Game

Badminton is played as a singles or doubles game with one or two players on a side. The object

of the game is to hit the shuttlecock or “bird” back and forth with a racket across a net five feet

high at its center. The bird should be hit with such speed and accuracy that the opponent is

unable to return the shot successfully. The game can either be fast or slow paced, depending on

the skill level of the players.

What is the old name of badminton?

Poona

Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town of Poona, where it was particularly popular and where the
first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873. By 1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone.

Why is it called badminton?

Badminton takes its name from Badminton House—home of the Duke of Beaufort in the English county of Gloucestershire. In 1873, the Duke
is credited with bringing a version of the game—Poona—back from India and introducing it to his guests.

Safety/Etiquette

1. Keep a firm grip on the racket.

2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket.

3. Stay in your own court to avoid the possibility of collision with other players.

4. Stop play if other players enter your court.

5. Wait until there is a stop in the action to retrieve a bird from another court.

6. Be aware of the walls and the net posts.

7. Before play, agree on the boundaries and determine the first server.

8. Players call their own lines; replay the point if in doubt.

9. Shake hands after the game/match.

Facilities/Equipment
1. Rackets are fragile. Avoid striking the floor, wall, net, posts, or your partner. Also

avoid flipping, throwing, or twirling rackets.

2. Shuttlecocks should be handled by the tips only. Birds caught in the net should be

removed carefully.

3. Each student is responsible for reporting any damaged rackets to the instructor.

4. Rackets are returned to the proper slot and birds to the basket at the end of each

period.

Game Rules/Scoring

Players

1. Singles – one player on a side.

2. Doubles – two players on a side.

3. Mixed Doubles – one male and one female partner opposing a male and female

opponent.

Scoring

1. Rally scoring allows for a point to be won by either team regardless of which

team is serving.

2. Both singles and doubles games are won with 21 points.

3. The side winning a rally adds a point to their score.

4. At 20 all, the side that gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.

5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game.

6. In the third game of singles and doubles, players change sides when a side scores

11 points.

7. A match is won by winning two out of three games.

General Rules/Regulations

1. Serving

a. The server must keep both feet in contact with the floor at the time of the

serve.

b. The bird must be contacted below the waist.

c. The racket head must be below the server’s wrist.

d. The server should not serve until the receiver is ready; the opponent is deemed

ready if a return is attempted.

e. Partners of the server and receiver may stand anywhere on the court providing

they do not obstruct the opponent’s view.

f. A bird that touches the net on the serve and goes into the proper service court

is legal.

g. If the server misses the bird on the serve attempt, it still counts. In singles and

doubles the serve would go to the opponent.

2. Serving Order – Singles

a. At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the

serve will begin from the right service court. When the server’s score is odd,

the serve will be from the left service court.

b. If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and will then serve again

from the alternate service court.

c. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new

server. They serve from the appropriate service court – left if the score is odd

and right if it is even.

3. Serving Order - Doubles

a. A team will only have one player serve, per “service”.

b. At the beginning of the game and when the score is even (0,2,4,6, etc.) the server

serves from the right service court. When it is odd (1,3,5,7, etc.) the server serves

from the left service court.

c. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server

serves again from the alternate service court.

d. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving

side becomes the new serving side.

e. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point

when their side is serving.

4. The winners of the first game serve first in the next game.

5. Birds falling on the lines are considered good.

6. During a rally, a bird that touches the net and goes over is in play.

7. A fault (violation of rules) occurs if:

a. On the service, any part of the racket head is higher than the server’s wrist and

contact is made above the waist.

b. The service fails to cross the net or go into the proper service court.

c. The feet of the server and receiver are not in the proper courts at time of service.

d. The server hesitates or stops (feint/balk) the service motion or misses the bird.

e. The improper receiver returns the bird on the serve.

f. A bird hit into the net, under the net, against the wall or ceiling is out-of-bounds.

g. A player hits the bird before it crosses the net.

h. The bird touches a player or clothing.

i. The player touches the net while the bird is in play.

j. The bird is hit twice in succession by one/both partners.

k. The bird is held, caught, or carried on the racket when struck.

l. A player obstructs an opponent.

8. Let (a play allowed to be replayed)

a. The bird becomes caught in or on the net after passing over the net.

b. The bird hits the basketball supports or net.

c. The following situations occur before the next serve and if the offending side

wins the rally:

1. The correct server serves from the wrong court.

2. The wrong server serves from either the correct/incorrect service court.

3. The correct receiver receives in the wrong court.

BASIC SKILLS

A. Grip

1. Forehand – with the racket head perpendicular to the floor, shake hands with

the grip so the “V” formed by the thumb and forefinger is on the top of the

handle.

2. Backhand – using a forehand grip, rotate the hand slightly so the thumb is

along and parallel to the wide side of the handle.

B. Footwork

1. Move toward the shot with short steps and end with a long stride.

2. In the ready position the racket is held high, the knees are slightly bent, and

the body weight is on the balls of the feet.

C. Strokes

By using the same motion for all shots, the opponent is unable to detect what shot you are

going to make until the bird is actually hit. A good wrist action allows more power and

control with much less effort. A forehand stroke is one from the dominant side; the

backhand stroke is from the non-dominant side. The racket is swung back, the arm is

bent with the elbow up, the wrist is cocked, and the body weight is placed on the back

foot. From this position, the stroke is made by throwing the hand at the point of contact

between bird and racket with weight being transferred to the forward foot. If possible, shots should be made with an overhand stroke.

1. Clear – a shot used to drive your opponent away from the net or forecourt or

to slow the game. The bird should fly above the opponent’s reach and fall

within one foot of the baseline.

2. Smash – an attacking shot made at the limit of one’s upward reach and

slightly in front of the shoulder. At the moment of contact, the arm and wrist

come down forcibly.

3. Drive – A flat shot kept as low as possible and is second only to the smash as

an attacking shot.
4. Drop Shot – any shot that drops immediately after crossing the net. The

descent of the bird is controlled with little follow-through.

5. Net Shot – any shot played as near to the net as possible, controlled by wrist

and forearm. The hairpin shot is an example of a net shot.

D. Serves

1. High and deep (singles) – take a position near and on the proper side of the

center line and about four feet behind the short service line. Drop the bird on

the racket side and swing the racket forward.

2. Low and short (doubles) – take a position closer to the front service line.

The racket is swung forward with little follow-through.

3. Drive (flick) – a quick snap of the wrist in the backhand grip with the bird

held directly in front of the body. The bird travels in a direct line at the

receiver.

Terminology

1. Alley – an extension of the width of the court on both sides to be used in doubles

play.

2. Backhand – any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side.

3. Baseline – back boundary line.

4. Bird – the object that flies over the net, officially known as a shuttlecock.

5. Block – placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it rebound into the

opponent’s court.

6. Carry – momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the execution of a stroke.

7. Clear – a high shot that falls close to the baseline.

8. Double hit – contacting the bird twice in succession on the same stroke.

9. Doubles – a game of four players, two on each team.

10. Drive – a hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal plane.

11. Drop – a shot made that barely clears the net with little speed.

12. Fault – any violation of the rules whose penalty is loss of serve or the point.

13. Forehand – any stroke made on the racket side of the body.

14. Hairpin (net) stroke – shot made from below and very close to the net with the bird

just clearing the net and dropping sharply downward.

15. Home position – the ideal spot for awaiting the opponent’s return.

16. Let – a play allowed to be replayed.

17. Match – best two out of three games.

18. Odd and even courts – in singles, the right half of the court is “even” and the left half of the court is the “odd.” When the even player is
serving from the right the score is even, and odd when serving from the left.
19. Rally – rapid returns made by players.

20. Ready position – an alert body position enabling quick movement in any direction.

21. Receiver – the player to whom the bird is served.

22. Server – the player who puts the bird in play.

23. Shuttlecock – the feathered/plastic object that is hit back and forth in badminton.

24. Singles – a game involving one player on each end of the court.

25. Sling – an untrue hit, usually because of the bird momentarily resting on the racket.

26. Smash – a powerful overhand stroke that sends the bird downward over the net.

27. Stroke – the action of striking the bird with the racket.

28. Toss/spin – the method of deciding which side will serve first at the beginning of the

match

Beginner's Guide : 10 Rules of Badminton

From there it spread to other parts of Europe, Asia and the World. Today, it's a popular sport worldwide, both at amateur and professional
levels. The following article contains the 10 rules of badminton and other regulations that you familiarize yourself with to play the sport.

Badminton is played with two single or two teams of two players each. It is a racquet sport. The rectangular court is divided into two halves
with a net in the centre. Unlike other racquet games like squash or tennis badminton does not use a ball. It is played with a feathered
projectile, which is called a shuttlecock.

Shuttlecocks characteristically are light weight and are thereby affected by the wind. Thus professional badminton is played indoors as even
the slightest breeze can effect the direction of the shuttlecock. The 10 rules of badminton given below are valid for both professional and
amateur badminton games.

The game involves the two opponents hitting the shuttlecock over the net into the other person's side. The rally ends when the shuttlecock
touches the ground. Only one stroke is allowed to pass it over the net. One badminton match is made up of three games, of 21 points each.
Professional badminton games are of five kinds: Men's singles, Men's doubles, Mixed doubles, Women's singles and Women's Doubles.

In a badminton match, the court size for a single's game is 44 feet long X 17 feet wide and for a doubles match it is 44 feet long X 20 feet
wide. The height of the net is 5 feet.

The 10 rules of badminton are as follows:

1. A game starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide whether they would serve or receive first OR what side of the court
they want to be on. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
2. At no time during the game should the player touch the net, with his racquet or his body.
3. The shuttlecock should not be carried on or come to rest on the racquet.
4. A player should not reach over the net to hit the shuttlecock.
5. A serve must carry cross court (diagonally) to be valid.
6. During the serve, a player should not touch any of the lines of the court, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. During the serve the
shuttlecock should always be hit from below the waist.
7. A point is added to a player's score as and when he wins a rally.
8. A player wins a rally when he strikes the shuttlecock and it touches the floor of the opponent's side of the court or when the opponent
commits a fault. The most common type of fault is when a player fails to hit the shuttlecock over the net or it lands outside the boundary of
the court.
9. Each side can strike the shuttlecock only once before it passes over the net. Once hit, a player can't strike the shuttlecock in a new
movement or shot.
10. The shuttlecock hitting the ceiling, is counted as a fault.

Learning and inculcating the 10 rules of badminton is the first step towards getting into the game. Besides these, it's a good idea to get to
know more about the equipment laws, which govern what equipments can be used - the design of the racquet, the weight and shape of the
shuttlecock (for correct speed). Surprisingly there is no rule for the minimum height of the ceiling, but nevertheless, a low ceiling would be
problematic.
What are the equipment used in badminton?

BadmintonEquipment
To play badminton, players will need a net, a shuttlecock, and at least two rackets. The net crosses the center of the badminton court. It
needs to be 5 feet 1 inch high at both ends and 5 feet high in the center.
Why is badminton equipment important?

Why is it important? If you play badminton regularly and intensely, there's a higher chance of injury if you don't have suitable equipment
for badminton. It'll be worthwhile to invest in decent badminton equipment if you enjoy the game and want quicker improvement.

Team members: Singles or doubles

The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension. The full width
of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44
ft).

Badminton Footwork and Position on the Court

Badminton is a quick sport and challenging to master. There are many aspects to which you need to pay attention to.
‍
Movement on the court is one of these aspects. You need to get to your shuttle quickly in order to hit your stroke. Getting a little slow will
lead you to make your shot less efficient. Not being behind a smash, for example, will significantly reduce your shot's downward angle and
may cause your shuttle to go too high or too long.

You should be able to move fast from your ready position as soon as your opponent strikes the shuttle. You need to watch the shuttle as it
leaves the racket from your opponent's side and push off hard with the foot that is away from where you want to move. For example, your
left foot if you have to move to the right.

To prevent wasted movements, you have to keep your feet low to the floor. For deep shots, you need to turn your body sideways so your
chest is facing the sideline close to the shuttle. Your final move will be with your racket side foot for shots close to the net.

Good Footwork Will Provide You With:

Opportunity to play different varieties of shots.

Chance to hit the shuttle early while it is still above net height

Ability to recover quickly and narrow gaps

Chance to deprive opponents in time

Balance

Confidence

There are several methods to respond to each shot or smash, and that's why you need to memorize these motions and get them ready to use
when such a situation occurs. You would be amazed to know that the difference can be made between losing and winning a point by your
quick feet.

The basic concept is to play birdie from the highest possible point at all times. It means that you don’t have to let the shuttlecock drop from
the air because from a downward position it's very hard to impose a threatening shot. Since it is already heading to the ground, to maintain
the exchange, you need to get it in the air again. You can prepare yourself for a good smashing position or a net kill if you succeed and
position yourself in time to get to the shuttlecock and possibly end the exchange quickly.

On the other hand, your footwork is as important when you need to get to the backcourt. A late arrival could lead to a point loss for you and
it is usually known that if the shuttlecock drops below the net level, it usually gets highly difficult to play a good shot even for skilled players.
Getting behind the shuttlecock is also very helpful as it gives you more stability and options. You may end up playing the shot from a position
behind your body if you're not fast enough. You will be able to play most of the shots even if you compromise on your footwork and speed,
but they are likely to be less effective.

A good court position can give you stability and oversight, both of which are great assets while playing. Most of all, the basic badminton
footwork should be structured. If you are able to think about your best badminton movement strategy before the match, you're already
making a big step towards success. With the most powerful shot of all, you can have a great smash technique, but it's useless if you can't
return the shot of your opponent back to keep the game in progress.

Now let’s talk about what should your base position be on court and also about different footwork techniques!

Badminton women shoes

Base Position
Your base starting point should be in the center of the field, so after hitting the birdie, this is the point you should always return to. This is
because the approximate court center provides you the best position and enables you to react to any side of the birdie that your opponent
chooses to strike. It is of great importance to return to the starting point as you re-acquire the position from which you can react quickly to
all sides of the court.

Now let's look at some techniques that might improve your badminton footwork.

It will be easier for you to understand if we distinguish the court into three parts:

Frontcourt

Sidecourt

Backcourt

Forward Footwork

The fastest way to move forward is by running after your starting phase has been done. If you're tall or have a long step, you'll only need to
take one or two steps before reaching the center of the court; i.e., your base position and two more steps would take you to the forecourt if
required. Whatever be the number of steps that you need, always move forward with good posture and hold your racket in the ready
position. Don’t forget in too much excitement of game that when you are dealing with a shuttle in the forecourt, it is the racket head that
needs to make contact and not you! Therefore, you don't have to bring your entire body into the forecourt area. You should estimate when to
stop so that one final step in the hitting position will take you forward.

Badminton shoes for men

Backwards Footwork

You will have a choice over here. Running, skipping or a chasse motion can help you achieve moving backwards away from the net
efficiently. Running backwards is done by moving the feet in turn behind each other. You need to keep the upper part of your body and head
as still as possible as you move backwards in order to maintain good posture and balance.

The non-racket leg should stay well in front of the other leg at all times when skipping backwards and the racket leg kicks backwards to start
each step. The chasse movement is similar to skipping but is achieved by putting the non-racket leg back into line on the side of the racket
leg before the latter is then shifted backwards to begin the next step.

sideward angle badminton shoes

Sideways Footwork

It is recommended that you practice moving sideways in parts like the racket side, to the non-racket side and then as a continuous
movement from one side to the other. Stand in line with the center line with slightly bent knees and feet shoulder width apart. Now move to
your racket side to reach an imaginary shuttle in track with your racket.

The footwork will be a chasse on the side and the sequence will be left foot into the right before the right foot is taken out sideways away
from the left. The final step with the racket leg should allow you with your extended arm and racket to reach the shuttle. Keep your upper
body still and try not to drop the head. Now reverse the process back to return to the starting position.

Moving to the non-racket side needs the same series of footwork except of the opposite foot leads. You can take your final step either by
expanding the non-racket leg to the side, or by pivoting on that foot to allow you to swing the racket leg across and in front of you to the
tramlines.

Badminton racket

Changing Direction

As you move towards the net, there will be chances to change the direction in which you're moving from running in a straight line to moving
diagonally to a specific corner of the forecourt. Such motions, referred to as transitions, can be easily applied if you move forward with
balance.

To change course to the right, you use your left leg to provide the energy to push off in the new direction, and the right leg gives the strength
when changing course to the left. Keep your head and upper body upright as you turn your body towards the new direction.

The Lunge and Recovery

Even though these actions are generally related with strokes played from the forecourt, you will have to lunge and recover from all court
areas. With very few exceptions it is the racket leg that leads in what is no more than an extension to take you into the hitting area.

Maintaining Balance

All these steps of badminton and badminton movements should be performed while maintaining the balance. Your other free hand is one
thing that can help you with this. Use the hand in which the racket is not held to navigate and help you maintain balance. You should keep it
wide open to avoid falls and injuries.

‍Some important points to remember…

Never stand with your legs completely straight and rigid. By keeping your knees flexible you can improve your speed. Before explaining the
concerned body skills, it is worth considering that wider the lunge the more demanding the recovery is.

Therefore, if you can move fast enough with a half to lunge to reach the shuttle, it will be much better. Before the lunge is done, you should
take a lower step with the non-racket leg to slow down at the end of your travel phase.

It is essential to bend the non-racket foot's heel inwards before expanding the racket arm toward the shuttle for balancing reasons. If you
need a complete lunge to reach a shuttle that falls close to the floor, stretch the final step and lower yourself down without bending at the
waist.

These are the four main types of services in badminton and most can be executed with either your forehand or backhand.

1. Low serve

This low serve is almost a gentle tap over the net with the shuttle, with the aim of flying just over the net, yet falling just over the front line of
his service court. It must not be too high or predictable, otherwise it would be easy for your opponent to do an outright smash or net kill.

2. High serve

The high serve is a powerful strike upwards with the shuttle, that aims to travel a great distance upwards and fall deep at the rear end of the
court.

Although it is a strong serve and the popular choice of beginner players, its a serve that isn't so easy to disguise especially since you're using
a forehand grip. Your opponent will already expect the shuttlecock to land at the back of the court.

Do remember that shuttlecocks have to fall within the corresponding service areas and this is different in singles and doubles.

3. Flick serve

This flick serve is also played upwards but at a much lesser altitude. It is most common for players to use their backhand to execute the flick
serve and the trajectory is lower as this grip has less power.

The whole point of the backhand flick serve is deception, by mixing your serves up and making it look like you're doing a low serve. For this
reason, serving with your backhand is thus very popular with competitive players.

It becomes hard for your opponent to predict if you are going to do a flick or a low serve as your stroke will look exactly the same until the
point of contact.

4. Drive Serve

This is an attacking serve that is used by top badminton players like Lin Dan. The idea is to hit the shuttle directly at your opponent, limiting
their return options and catching them off guard, winning you easy points. It's a good change of pace but it is also risky as if your opponent is
prepared, he could just smash the shuttlecock back at you.

This serve is executed with your forehand through underarm action and following through. The shuttle should be dropped a bit sideways
rather than in front of your body and hit flatter.

Now that you've determined the type of serve you want to make, here are a four tips on how to execute these serves well.

1. Keep your feet still

During the service, some part of both your feet must be in contact with the ground for it to be a legal serve.

2. Disguise your shots

Make sure your stroke is the same up to the point of contact with the shuttle. This will make your serve possible to predict only at the last
possible second. Advanced players can try to trick their opponent by making it deliberately look like you're leaning back and about to do a
high serve when you're really going to do a low serve.

3. Observe your opponents position

Is your opponent leaning towards the back already anticipating a high serve to the rear-court? In that case, you may want to execute a low
serve to catch him off-guard. Always be aware of the position of your opponent. Try to imagine what he's expecting and do the opposite to
gain an advantage.

4. Mix up your serves

Using just one type of service will make you too easy to predict. Make sure you incorporate at least two types of serves into your play. Once
you've mastered the basic high and low serves, you can learn the flick and drive serves to add more dimension to your play.

SCORE/TOTAL ITEMS
TIMES 50
ADDITIONAL 50

3/5
X50
+50
80%

30/60