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1.

The main components of photochemical smog is


(a)Water vapour
(b)Sulphur dioxide
(c)Oxides of nitrogen
(d)All of the above
Answer: c

2.Deforestation generally decreases


(a)Rainfall
(b)Soil erosion
(c)Drought
(d)Global warming
Answer: a
3. is defined as an ecological state of a species being unique to a specific geographic location.
(a)Exotic species
(b)Endemic species
(c)Ecosystem
(d)None of the above
Answer: b

4.5th June is observed as


(a)World forest day
(b)World environment day
(c)World wildlife day
(d)World population day
Answer: b
1. is the example of non-renewable natural resources
a) Water b) Solar energy c) Crops d) Coal and petroleum
6. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
a) Tar b) Coal c) Petroleum d) All the above 8. Soil
erosion can be prevented by
a) Afforestation b) Deforestation
c) Over growing d) Removal of vegetation 9.
Green House effect refers to
a) Cooling of earth b) Trapping of UV rays
c) Warming of earth d) Cultivation of plants
10. Global warming will cause the following
a) Melting
problemof glaciers b) Raising of ocean level
c) Sinking of islands d) All the above
13. Soil erosion is caused by
a) Deforestation b) Farming and mining
c) Overgrazing by cattle d) All the above
14. is used for generation of electricity
a) Natural Gas b) Coal c) Petroleum d) All the above

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5.The Ecological pyramid that is always upright
(a)Pyramid of energy
(b)Pyramid of biomass
(c)Pyramid of number
(d)None of these
Answer: a

6.Most stable ecosystem is


(a)Forest
(b)Desert
(c)Ocean
(d)Mountain
Answer: c

7. Atomospheric ozone layer which protect us from UV-B & C is getting depleted most by addition of
(a)Chloro flurocarbon
(b)Carbon monooxide
(c)Carbon dioxide
(d)Sulpur dioxide
Answer: a

8. Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological
communities?
(a)Nutrient availability, soil pH, light intensity
(b)Precipitation, wind, temperature
(c)Predation, competition, disease
(d)all of the above
Answer: d

9. All of the following statements about ecology are correct except:


(a)Ecology is the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment
(b)Ecology is a discipline that is independent from natural selection and evolutionary history
(c)Ecologists may study populations and communities of organisms
(d)Ecology spans increasingly comprehensive levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems
Answer: d

10. Detritus food chain starts from


(a)Green plants
(b)Grass
(c)Dead organic matter
(d)Phytoplankton
Answer: c

11. Who coined the term acid rain?


(a)Christ Ralph
(b)Elmer Joseph Clark
(c)Ernest Flower
(d)Robert Angus Smith
Answer: d

12. The damage caused by acid rain is due to nature of acid


rain
(a)balancing
(b)protecting
(c)withstanding
(d)corrosive
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Answer: d

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13. Acid rain reacts with marble and limestone to form
(a)calcium carbonate
(b)calcium hydroxide
(c)calcium sulphate
(d)None of the above
Answer: c

14. The ecological pyramid always starts with the following at the base
(a)Decomposer
(b)Producer
(c)Consumer
(d)None of these
Answer: b

15. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?


(a)Coal
(b)Forest
(c)Water
(d)Wildlife
Answer: a

16. Chipko movement was started to conserve


(a)Forests
(b)Grasslands
(c)Deserts
(d)Soil
Answer: a

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17. Which out of the following are the causes of soil erosion?
(a)Unrestricted grazing
(b)Over cultivation
(c)Deforestation
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

18. Red data book contains data of


(a)All plant species
(b)All animal species
(c)Threatened species
(d)Economically important species
Answer: c

19. Which of the following regions has the maximum diversity?


(a)Mangroves
(b)Temperate forest
(c)Taiga
(d)Coral reefs
Answer: d

20. Hotspots are regions of high


(a)Rareism
(b)Endemism
(c)Diversity
(d)Critically endangered population
Answer: b

21. A poisonous gas given out of vehicles exhaust is


(a)Carbon monoxide
(b)Ethane
(c)Methane
(d)Carbon dioxide
Answer: a

22. Yellowing of Taj Mahal is an effect of


(a)Acid rain
(b)Global warming
(c)Ozone depletion
(d)All of the above
Answer: a

23. Pollutants that are easily manageable and decomposable in nature are called
(a)Biodegradable pollutants
(b)Non-biodegradable pollutants
(c)Renewable pollutants
(d)None of these

Answer: c

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24. BOD stands for
(a)Biotic oxidation demand
(b)Biological oxygen demand
(c)Biological oxidation demand
(d)Biochemical oxygen demand
Answer:
25. What is Kyoto Protocol?
(a)It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming
(b)It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing acid rain
(c)It is an agreement among countries to take steps for planting trees to control pollution
(d)It is an agreement among countries to start using nuclear energy
Answer: a

26. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?


(a)Methane
(b)Water vapor
(c)Carbon dioxide
(d)All of the above
Answer:
27. Ozone day is observed on
(a)3rd January
(b)16th September
(c)10th November
(d)26th March
Answer:
28. A population is a group of
(a)Individual in a family
(b)Individuals in a species
(c)Communities in an ecosystem
(d)Species in a community
Answer:
29. Sustainable development means
(a)meeting present needs without compromising on future needs
(b)progress of human beings
(c)balance between human needs and the ability of earth to provide the resources
(d)all of the above
Answer:

30. The upright pyramid of numbers is absent in


(a)Lake
(b)Pond
(c)Grasslands
(d)Forests
Answer:

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31. The burning of fossil fuels releases a large amount of
(a)Nitrogen into air
(b)Sulphur into air
(c)Carbon dioxide into air
(d)Oxygen into air
Answer: c

32. Which is a list of renewable resources?


(a)Petroleum, geothermal, wind
(b)Biomass, geothermal, hydropower
(c)Natural gas, wind, biomass
(d)Hydropower, solar, wind energy
Answer: d

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33. Trophic levels are formed by
(a)Only plants
(b)Only animals
(c)Only carnivals
(d)Food chain linked organisms
Answer: d

34. Process of photosynthesis is found in


(a)Decomposers
(b)Producers
(c)Consumers
(d)Top consumers
Answer: b

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35. The 3 R principle in waste management stand for
(a)Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
(b)Reduce, regain and reuse
(c)Reduce, reset and reform
(d)Reduce, retain and regain
Answer: a

36. Which of the following is not an air pollutant?


(a)Smoke
(b)CO2
(c)Nitrogen
(d)Sulphur Dioxide
Answer: c

37. Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere by a photochemical reaction with


(a)Ultra violet solar radiation
(b)Infra-red radiation
(c)Visible light
(d)All of the above
Answer: a

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38. The lowest layer of atmosphere is
(a)Mesosphere
(b)Stratosphere
(c)Troposphere
(d)Ionosphere
Answer: c

39.----------------------------------------An aquarium is an ecosystem


(a)Aquatic
(b)Self-regulating
(c)Artificial
(d)Both a & c
Answer: d

40. Plants that can grow in dry places are called


(a)Hydrophytes
(b)Mesophytes
(c)Halophytes
(d)Xerophytes
Answer: d

41. The process that causes wearing away and transportation of particles of rock or soil is called
(a)Salinization
(b)Soil formation
(c)Erosion
(d)Landslide
Answer: c

42. All consumers are


(a)Autotrophs
(b)Carnivores
(c)Heterotrophs
(d)All of these
Answer: c

43. The conversion of ammonia to nitrates is known as


(a)Denitrification
(b)Nitrification
(c)Ammonification
(d)Nitrogen-fixation
Answer: b

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44. Matter must be recycled again and again by an ecological process called
(a)Ecological pyramid
(b)Ecological Succession
(c)Biogeochemical cycle
(d)Energy flow
Answer: c

82. The study that deals with the interaction of organisms with their environment
(a)Etiology
(b)Botany
(c)Ecology
(d)Biology
Answer: c

85------------------------------is the phenomenon in which the earth retains heat


(a)Air pollution
(b)Green House effect
(c)Global effect
(d)Land pollution
Answer: b

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86. Forest helps in mitigating global warming through
(a)Heat radiation
(b)Heat absorption
(c)Transpiration
(d)Photosynthesis
Answer: d

87. Main source of noise pollution


(a)Urbanization
(b)Industrialization
(c)Photochemical smog
(d)Both a & b
Answer: d

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88. The primary producer of a pond ecosystem is
(a)Zooplankton
(b)Red algae
(c)Phytoplankton
(d)Floating plants
Answer: c

89. Which will not cause any atmospheric pollution?


(a)
H2
(b)
SO2
(c)
CO2
(d)
CO
Answer: a

90. A food web consists of


(a)A single food chain
(b)Many independent food chain
(c)Many interconnected food chains
(d)All of these
Answer: c

91. The efficiency of energy flow in the ecosystem is about


(a) 1%
(b) 10%
(c) 50%
(d) 100%
Answer: b

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92. The conversion of ammonia to nitrate is known as
(a)Ammonification
(b)Nitrification
(c)Denitrification
(d)All of these
Answer: b

93. Which of the following enhances soil fertility?


(a)Crop rotation
(b)Improved methods of agriculture
(c)Using new seed verities
(d)Irrigation
Answer: a

94. Energy is returned to the atmosphere in the form of


(a)Potential energy
(b)Metabolic energy
(c)Heat
(d)Vapors
Answer: c

95. The presence of Ozone layer in the atmosphere was first observed by
(a)W.G.Rosen
(b)Ronald Coarse
(c)Chapman
(d)None of the above
Answer: c

96. The term Green House Effect was coined by


(a)Ronald Coarse
(b)Garret Hardin
(c)J.Fourier
(d)None of these
Answer: c

97. The species which are likely to become extinct in the near future is called
a)Rare species
b)Vulnerable species
c)Endangered species
d)Indeterminate species
Answer: b

98. Threatened species include


(a)Rare species
(b)Vulnerable species
(c)Endangered species
(d)All the above
Answer: d

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99. Global warming is a consequence of----------------
(a)Acid rain
(b)Greenhouse effect
(c)Depletion of ozone layer
(d)Radioactive fall out
Answer: b

100. An example of e-waste is


(a)Paper
(b)Plastic
(c)Industrial effluent
(d)Mobile phone
Answer: d

101. Which of the following facts are incorrect?


(a)Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system
(b)Eutrophication is observed in water bodies
(c)The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon
(d)Ozone is harmless to breathe
Answer: d

102. Which of the following is called the secondary air pollutant?


(a)PANs
(b)Ozone
(c)Carbon monoxide
(d)Nitrogen Dioxide
Answer: b

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103. Which of the following statements is true about smog?
(a)Smog is derived from the fog
(b)Smog is derived from smoke
(c)Smog is derived from water vapor
(d)Smog is derived from both fog and smoke
Answer: d

104. Which of the following diseases are caused by smog?


(a)Rickets
(b)Bronchitis
(c)Breathing Problems
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

105. The protocol which decided to completely phase out CFC is


(a)Cartagena protocol
(b)Stockholm Convention
(c)Montreal protocol
(d)Kyoto protocol
Answer: c

106. Which of the following is said to be a biodegradable waste?


(a)Plastics
(b)Glasses
(c)Eggshell
(d)Polythene
Answer: c

107. The uses of CFCs are


(a)Insulators
(b)Aerosol propellants
(c)Refrigerants
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

108. The ozone layer is present in -


(a)Mesosphere
(b)Thermosphere
(c)Stratosphere
(d)None of the above
Answer: c

109. Which of the following are the negative health effects of noise pollution?
(a)Hypertension
(b)Hearing loss
(c)Stress and headache
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

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110. Animals whose primary source of food is based on plants are known as
(a)Carnivores
(b)Herbivores
(c)Omnivores
(d)None of the above
Answer: b

111. What kind of Ecosystem is known as sustainable?


(a)The one in which all species are in balance
(b)The one in which there are no animals
(c)The one in which animals feed on each other
(d)All of these
Answer: a

112. Which of the following statement is TRUE?


(a)Ecosystems may vary in size
(b)Ecosystems are always very large
(c)Ecosystems are always very small.
(d)None of these is true.
Answer: a

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113. The following is an example of Terrestrial Biome
(a)Tropical rain forest
(b)Rivers
(c)Streams
(d)All of the above
Answer: a

114. Terrestrial biomes has a rapid exchange of


(a)Carbon dioxide
(b)Oxygen
(c)Water
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

115. Ecosystem is smallest unit of


(a)Ionosphere
(b)Lithosphere
(c)Biosphere
(d)Mesosphere
Answer: c

116. This is true about secondary succession


(a)Follows primary succession
(b)Takes place on a deforested site
(c)is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively slower pace
(d)Begins on a bare rock
Answer: b

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117. Ecological Succession is an important function of an Ecosystem. Which of the following statement/s
about Ecological succession is/are correct?
(1)Succession refers to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats.
(2)It is a universal process of directional change in vegetation and animal life on an ecological time scale.
Select the correct code
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c)Both 1 and 2
(d)Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: b

118. ‘Ozone-hole’ means


(a)A large sized hole in the ozone layer
(b)Thinning of the ozone layer
(c)Small holes scattered in the ozone layer
(d)Thickening of ozone in the ozone layer
Answer: b

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119. Soil erosion can be prevented by
(a)Raising forests
(b)Deforestation
(c)Excessive use of fertilizer
(d)Overgrazing by animals
Answer: a

120. What would happen, if all the oxygen present in the environment is converted to ozone?
(a)We will be protected more
(b)It will become poisonous and kill living forms
(c)Ozone is not stable, hence it will be toxic
(d)It will help harmful sun radiations to reach earth and damage many life forms.
Answer: b

121. Which of the following is also called Detrivores?


(a)Herbivores
(b)Decomposers
(c)Carnivores
(d)None of the above
Answer: b

122. Which of the following activity is incorrect about the impact of human activities on the ecosystem?
(a)Depletion of ground water
(b)Extinction of species
(c)Decrease of forest area
(d)None of the above
Answer: d

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123. Environmental studies is defined as the branch that deals with the
(a)Design, study, and discovery of new materials
(b)The study of humanities, social, biological, and physical sciences
(c)Incorporate the information and physical sciences
(d)Approach about the natural world and the impact of humans on its integrity
Answer:
124. Which of the following is not a measure of sustainable water management?
(a)Preventing leakage from dams and canals
(b)Reducing the rate of surface run-off water.
(c)Preventing loss in the municipal pipes.
(d)Building small reservoirs in place of a few mega projects.
Answer:

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125. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word which means to encircle or surround
(a)Environ
(b)Oikos
(c)Geo
(d)Aqua
Answer: a

126. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining?
(a)Air pollution
(b)Water pollution
(c)Soil degradation
(d)All of the above
Answer: d

127. A herbivore is also known as a


(a)Producer
(b)First order consumer
(c)Second order consumer.
(d)Third order consumer
Answer: b

128. The true end of any food chain is the


(a)Decomposer
(b)Predator
(c)Consumer
(d)Human
Answer: a

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129. Which of these belong to the category of primary consumers in grazing food chain?
(a)Snakes and frogs
(b)Insects and cattle
(c)Eagle and snakes
(d)Cow and rabbit
Answer: d

130. Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle?


(a)Nitrogen cycle
(b)Carbon cycle
(c)Sulphur cycle
(d)Phosphorus cycle
Answer: d

131. Thickness of ozone layer is measured in


(a)Decibels
(b)Dobson unit
(c)Meter
(d)Armstrong unit
Answer: b

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132. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
(a)Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
(b)Ozone is highly reactive
(c)It protects us from harmful UV radiations of sun
(d)All of the above
Answer: c

133. Which of the following is not a potential adverse effect of global warming?
(a)More extreme weather patterns
(b)Retreat of glaciers
(c)Sea level rise
(d)An increase of UV-B radiation
Answer: d

134. The two major impacts expected as a result of rising global temperatures are
(a)Higher water levels in lakes and streams but more consistent flooding patterns
(b)Regional climatic changes and a rise in sea level
(c)Longer summers and drier winters
(d)Low water levels in lakes and streams and larger floodplains.
Answer: b

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135. Development activities on the hydrosphere cause
(a)Air pollution
(b)Soil pollution
(c)Water pollution
(d)Soil erosion
Answer: c

136. The one thing that is common to all fossil fuels is that they
(a)Were originally formed in marine environment
(b)Contain carbon
(c)Have undergone the same set of geological processes during their formation
(d)Represent the remains of one living organisms
Answer: b

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137. Which of the following nonrenewable energy is not classified under a fossil fuel?
(a)Nuclear
(b)Petroleum
(c)Oil
(d)Natural gas
Answer: a

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138. Global warming can be controlled by
(a)Reducing deforestation, cutting down use of fossil fuel
(b)Reducing reforestation, increasing the use of fossil fuel
(c)Increasing deforestation, slowing down the growth of human population
(d)Increasing deforestation, reducing efficiency of energy usage
Answer: a

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139. The greatest problem of water conservation is to reduce the amount of
(a)Precipitation
(b)Runoff water
(c)Groundwater
(d)Evaporation
Answer: c

140. In a marine food chain, small fish eat plankton, big fish eat small fish, and sharks eat big fish. Which organism
has the smallest population?
(a)The sharks
(b)The small fish
(c)The big fish
(d)The plankton
Answer: a

141. Which of the following statements best describes a food web?


(a)Many individual organisms of the same species that live in the same space and that share resources
(b)A black bear eats fruit and then spreads the fruit seeds through its excretions
(c)A system that is made up of a community of organisms and their environment
(d)All life is connected by the transfer of energy among organisms and their environment
Answer: d

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142. Grass that gains energy from the sun is an example of a
(a)Consumer
(b)Decomposer
(c)Parasite
(d)Producer.
Answer: d

143. Sustainable energy


(a)is clean
(b)can be used over a long period of time
(c)both (a) and (b)
(d)none of the above
Answer: c

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144. What is the total percentage of nitrogen gas in the air?
(a)12 per cent
(b)21 per cent
(c)78 per cent
(d)87 per cent
Answer: c

145. Increased levels of air pollution results in


(a)Soil erosion
(b)Global warming
(c)Respiratory problems
(d)All of the above
Answer: c

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