Relation 2023

By Anamika tyagi
HMC and
Ovin Tyagi
And
Assignment
1. Prove that a relation R on a set A is symmetric 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑅 = 𝑅−1
2. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by

R={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
3. Let A= {1, 2, 3}. Then, show that the number of relation containing (1, 2) and (2, 3)
which are reflexive and transitive but not symmetric is three.
4. Check whether the relation R on R defined by R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,

symmetric or transitive.
5. Let S be the set of all points in a plane and R be a relation on S defined as R =

{(𝑃, 𝑄 ): 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠}.
Show that R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
6. Show that the relation R on R defined as R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏}, is reflexive and transitive
but not symmetric.
7. Let R be a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as

𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41}
Find the domain and range of R. Also, verify whether R is (i) reflexive, (ii) symmetric
(iii) transitive.
8. Each of the following defines a relation on N:

(i) 𝑥 > 𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 (ii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁
(iii) 𝑥𝑦 is square of an integer, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 (iv) 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁
Determine which of the above relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
9. Let A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 } and the relation R be defined on A as follows: R=

{(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑐 ), (𝑎, 𝑏)}. Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R
to make it reflexive and transitive.
10. Show that the relation is congruent to on the set of all triangles in a plane is an
equivalence relation.
11. Prove that the relation R on the set 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by

(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ 𝑁 × 𝑁
is an equivalence relation.
Also, find the equivalence classes [(2, 3)] and [(1, 3)].
12. Show that the relation R on the set A = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by R=

{(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4}is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all
elements related to 1 i.e. equivalence class [1].
13. Show that the relation R on the set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}, is an equivalence relation.
show that all the elements of {1,3,5} are related to each other and all the elements of
{2,4} are related to each other. But, no element of {1,3,5} is related to any element of
{2,4}.
14. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers numbers
defined by (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑥 − 𝑦 is divisible by n, is an equivalence relation on Z.
15. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ ad (b + c) = bc (a + d). check whether R is an equivalence relation on
𝑁 × 𝑁.
16. Let A = {1, 2, 3, … , 9} and R be the relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴 defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d

= b +c for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also
obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)].
17. Prove that the relation congruence modulo m on the set Z of all integers is an
equivalence relation.
18. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R =

{(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑠 (𝑎, 𝑏)}. Write the equivalence class [0].
19. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then 𝑅−1 is also an equivalence relation on A.

OR
The inverse of an equivalence relation is an equivalence relation.
20. Prove that the relation R on Z defined by
(a, b) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑎 − 𝑏 is divisible by 5
is an equivalence relation on Z.
21. Show that the relation R defined by R= {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 3; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍} is

an equivalence relation.
22. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R= {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 +
𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛} is an equivalence relation on Z.
23. State the reason for the relation R on the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} not to
be transitive.
24. Let R= {𝑎, 𝑎3 ): 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.
25. Let R be the equivalence relation on the set Z of integers given by R=

{(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏}. Write the equivalence class [0].
26. Write the domain of the relation R defined on the set Z of integers as follows:
(a, b) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 25
27. Write the identity relation on set A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }.
28. If R= {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} is a relation on N, then write the range of R.
29. Let R= {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 | < 1} be a relation on set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Write R as a set
of ordered pairs.
30. Let L be the set of all lines in XY-plane and R be the relation in L defined as R=
{(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 }. show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of
all lines related to the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4.

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By Anamika tyagi

1. Prove that a relation R on a set A is symmetric 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑅 = 𝑅−1

2. Show that the relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by

4. Check whether the relation R on R defined by R = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,

5. Let S be the set of all points in a plane and R be a relation on S defined as R =

7. Let R be a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as

8. Each of the following defines a relation on N:

(iii) 𝑥𝑦 is square of an integer, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 (iv) 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁

9. Let A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 } and the relation R be defined on A as follows: R=

11. Prove that the relation R on the set 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by

12. Show that the relation R on the set A = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}, given by R=

16. Let A = {1, 2, 3, … , 9} and R be the relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴 defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d

18. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R =

19. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, then 𝑅−1 is also an equivalence relation on A.

21. Show that the relation R defined by R= {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 3; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍} is

25. Let R be the equivalence relation on the set Z of integers given by R=

27. Write the identity relation on set A= {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }.

28. If R= {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} is a relation on N, then write the range of R.

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