INDIAN SCHOOL DARSAIT

Class XII Mathematics Worksheet

Worksheet # 1 Equivalence Relation
(Chapter – 1: Relations & Functions)

CLASS WORK
1. Show that the relation R = 1,1 ,  2, 2 , 3,3 , 1, 2 ,  2,3 defined on the set A = {1.2.3} is
reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
2. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and R be a relation on A defined by R = {(0,0), (0,1), (0,3), (1,0),
(1,1), (2,2), (3,0), (3,3)}. Is R reflexive, symmetric and transitive?
3. Check whether the relation defined on the set 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6 by R =  a, b  : b  a  1 is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
4. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R is a relation defined over N by
R=  x, y  : x  2 y  10 . Write the relation R and check if it is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
5. Show that the relation R =  a, b  : a  b, a, b  R is reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric.
6. Check whether the relation defined on the set of real numbers by R =  a, b  : a  b  is
3

reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

7. Let the relation R be defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by
R = {(a , b): |a2 – b2|<8. Write the relation R. Also verify whether the relation is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
8. For the set A = 1, 2, 3} define a relation R on a by R = {(1,1), (2,3), (3,3), (1,3)}. Write
the ordered pairs to be added to R to make it the smallest equivalence relation.
9. Let A = {1, 2, 3} then write the following relations on A
i) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
ii) Symmetric but not reflexive and transitive
iii) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive
10. How many equivalence relations are possible on set A = {1, 2, 3}?
11. Show that the relation R =  a, b  : a  b is even defined on the set A = 1, 2,3, 4,5 is an
equivalence relation. Further show that the elements of 1,3,5 are related to each
other, the elements of 2, 4 are related to each other and no element of
1,3,5 are related to any element of 2, 4 .

12. Show that the relation R =  a, b  : a  b is a multiple of 4 defined on the set

A =  x  Z ,0  x  12 is an equivalence relation. Further find all the elements related to
1.
13. Let R be a relation defined on the set A = 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7 by
R =  a, b  : both a and b are either even or odd  . Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Further show that i) all elements of 1,3,5, 7 are related to each other
ii) all elements of 2, 4, 6 are related to each other.
iii) no element of 1,3,5, 7 is related to any element of 2, 4, 6

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 INDIAN SCHOOL DARSAIT
Class XII Mathematics Worksheet
Worksheet # 1 Equivalence Relation
(Chapter – 1: Relations & Functions)
14. Show that the relation R   a, b  : a  bis divisible 3, a, b  Z  is an equivalence relation.

15. Prove that the relation R on the set N×N defined by  a, b  R  c, d  a+d = b+c, for all
 a, b  ,(c, d )  N×N is an equivalence relation.
16. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and R be relation in A×A by by  a, b  R  c, d  if a + d = b + c for all
(a,b), (c,d)  A×A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Obtain the equivalence class
of (2,5).
17. Prove that the relation R on the set N×N defined by  a, b  R  c, d  ad = bc, for all
 a, b  ,(c, d )  N×N is an equivalence relation.
18. Prove that the relation R on the set N×N defined by  a, b  R  c, d  ad(b+c) = bc(a+d), for
all  a, b  ,(c, d )  N×N is an equivalence relation.
19. Let L be the set of lines in the XY plane and R be a relation defined on N defined by
R   L1 , L2  : L1 || L2  is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to y =
2x + 4.
20. Prove that the relation R on the set A of points in a plane given by
R   P, Q  : P and Q are equidis tan t fromthe origin is an equivalence relation. Further show
that the set of all points related to a point P (0,0) is the circle passing through the
point P with origin as centre.
21. Determine whether the relation R defined on the set of real numbers given by
R  a, b  : a  b  
3 is irrational is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
HOME WORK
22. Let R = {(a, a3):
where a is prime number less than 5} is a relation. Find the range of R.
Also verify whether the relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
23. Let R be a relation defined on the set N of natural numbers by R = {(x, y): 2x + y = 24,
x, y N}. find the domain and range of the relation. Check whether R is an equivalence
relation.
24. Check whether the relation defined on the set of real numbers by R =  a, b  : a  b2  is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
25. Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be a relation defined in N by
R   a, b  : a  b, a, b  N  . Show that R is transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric
26. Show that the relation R =  a, b  : a  b defined on the set A = x  Z ,0  x  12 is an
equivalence relation. Further find all the elements related to 1.
27. Show that the relation R =  a, b  :2 divides a  b defined on the set Z of integers is an
equivalence relation.
28. Let T be the triangles in a plane and R be relation in T given by
R= T1 , T2  : T1 is congruent toT2  . Show that R is an equivalence relation.
29. Prove that the relation R on the set N×N defined by  a, b  R  c, d   a 2  d 2  b 2  c 2 , for
all  a, b  ,(c, d )  N×N is an equivalence relation.

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 INDIAN SCHOOL DARSAIT
Class XII Mathematics Worksheet
Worksheet # 1 Equivalence Relation
(Chapter – 1: Relations & Functions)
30. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers defined by  x, y   R  x – y is
divisible by n is an equivalence relation.
31. Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation R   a, b  : a  bis even, a, b  Z  is an
equivalence relation.
32. Prove that the relation R in the set A= {5,6,7,8,9} given by R= {(a, b): |a – b| is
divisible by 2} is an equivalence relation. Obtain the equivalence class of 6.
33. If R1 and R2 are two equivalence relations, prove that R1  R2 is also an equivalence
relation.
34. In the set of natural numbers N define a relation R as follows: n, m  N, nRm if on
division by 5 each of the numbers n and m leaves the same remainder. Show that R is
an equivalence relation. Also obtain the pair-wise disjoint subsets determined by R.
35. If R is an equivalence relation on a set X, then show that R 1 is also an equivalence
relation on X.
SELF STUDY
36. Show that the relation R on the set A of all triangles in a plane as
R  T1 , T2  : T1 is similar toT2  is an equivalence relation. Further consider three right
triangles T1 with sides 3,4,5, T2 with sides 5,12,13 and T3 with sides 6,8,10. Which
triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are related?

37. Let S be the set of all students in a School with R as a relation in S given by
R   S1 , S2  : S1 and S2 are like min ded students . Show that R is an equivalence relation
i) Write two equivalence classes of S under the relation. (eg: set of honest
students represented by [Honest Minded)
For which equivalence class you would like to be a member
38. Determine whether the relation R defined on the set of real numbers given by
 
R   a, b  : a, b  R, a  b  2 is irrational is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
39. Let f: X→Y defined by f   a, b  : f (a)  f (b) . Show that f is an equivalence relation
40. Let P be the set of all points in a plane and R be a relation on P defined by
R   A, B   P  P : if the dis tan cebetween Aand B is less than 3 units . Check whether R is an
equivalence relation or not.
41. Let Z be the set of all integers and R be a relation defined on Z by R= {(a, b): a – b is
divisible by 5}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
42. Prove that the relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3……12} given by R= {(a, b): |a –
b| is divisible by 3} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
43. Show that the relation R defined on the set Z of integers given by
R= {(a, b): 3 divides a - b} is an equivalence relation.
44. Consider the relation R in the set of people in colony defined by aRb if a and b are
members of joint family. Is R an equivalence relation?
45. Let R be a relation defined on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n
divides m. Write whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

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 INDIAN SCHOOL DARSAIT
Class XII Mathematics Worksheet
Worksheet # 1 Equivalence Relation
(Chapter – 1: Relations & Functions)
46. Show that the relation R defined on the set A of all polygons defined by
R = {(P1,P2): P1and P2 have the same number of sides} is an equivalence relation. What
is the set of all in A related to the right triangle T with sides 3,4 and 5?
47. Show that the relation R defined on the set A of all books in a college library defined
by R = {(x, y): x and y have the same number of pages} is an equivalence relation.
57 Let Z be the set of integers and Z0 be the non-zero integers = {(𝑎, 𝑏)(𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐} be a
relation on Z X Z0, show that R is the equivalence relation on Z X Z0.
58 Verify S = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1} is an equivalence relation on R or not.

59 1
Define R ={(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑄, 𝑥 = 𝑦} check the given relation is equivalence relation or
not.

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