LETTERING

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SUBJECT: FINE ART

CLASS: JS 2
TERM: EASTER
WEEK: THREE
TOPIC: LETTERING
Introduction
Before the introduction of computer as a tool for graphic design, graphic works were usually
done manually. Certain principles were employed as a guide to successful graphic
production. Very crucial to a graphic design is being skillful in the construction of
alphabets. This is because graphic design often involves words and these must be technically
constructed.
Definition
Lettering is the technical and appropriate construction of letters or words according to a
specific typeface.
Lettering otherwise known as typography is also the study of /art of writing letters. The
different forms of lettering are known as Typefaces. With the emergence of computer,
typefaces became digital and referred to as Fonts with same attributes of the traditional
typefaces. The following are some common typefaces; Gothic (block), Romans, Old Style.
1. Gothic (Blackletter): This is a typeface characterized by an formal, striking and
ornamental strokes. This was developed at the time gothic architecture ruled Europe.
They are also called San-serif, Blackletter or Block printing. Example

2. Roman: This typeface is characterized by thick and thin strokes with small serifs.
Serifs are the projecting edges of the letters. Roman typeface capitals are shorter than
the ascenders.

3. Italic: This is a typeface which is stylistic cursive and slightly slants to the right. It got
its name because calligraphy inspired typefaces were initially developed in Roman
Empire.
4. Old Style: This is a typeface characterized by contrast between thick and thins as well
as curved strokes with inclined axis to the left. Serifs appear bracketed and head serifs
look angled.

Calligraphy
This is free hand pen lettering. It involves the use of pen (either factory made or improvised).
The calligraphy pen usually has nibs of different sizes of flat edge. Having ruled for the right
spacing and deciding the body, cap-line, t-line, descender and ascender, the flat part of the
nib is held against the paper at about 45degree.

Cursive Writing
This is a form of writing/lettering in which the letters are written connected/joined in a
flowing manner for faster rendition as opposed to block letters. They are at times referred to
as scripts, e.g brush scripts

Brush Scripts
Uppercase, Lowercase, Italics, Bold and Normal
In lettering, the presentation of letter, usually regarded as capital letter is called uppercases
in computer/digital fonts while those regarded as small letters are called lowercases. The
slanting form of writing any of the typefaces in computer/digital fonts is called Italics
(italiced). Italics was originally a traditional typeface but this attribute was given to some
fonts in the computer/digital font era. Lettering can also be bold or normal. When they are
bold, they appear heavier, thicker and darker.

UPPERCASE lowercase BOLD


NORMAL Italics

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