Lec08 Pcse Design

CE444 – PCSE
(Reinforced Concrete Design)

Lecture 08: SMRF Structures Design
Lecturer:
Engr. Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI
1. Principle for Design of Special Moment
Frames
2. Special Moment Frames (Columns)
2 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Special Moment Frames (Columns)
Overview
The provisions for columns that are part of the SFRS in a
special moment frame are given in NSCP 418.7 (ACI 18.7).
These provisions are applicable to any column regardless of
the magnitude of the axial force on the column.

Design and Detailing Requirements for Columns in SMF
Requirement ACI Section
Dimensional Shortest cross-sectional dimension measured on a straight line passing through the 18.7.2.1 (a)
Limits geometric centroid of the section ≥ 12 in (300mm)
Ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to be perpendicular dimension ≥ 0.40 18.7.2.1 (b)
Dimensional limits of columns

in special moment frames.

Minimum Flexural strength of columns shall satisfy ACI Eq. (18.7.3.2): 18.7.3.2
Flexural 6
Strength ෍ 𝑀𝑛𝑐 ≥ ( ) ෍ 𝑀𝑛𝑏
5
∑Mnc = sum of nominal flexural strengths of columns framing into the joint, evaluated at the
faces of the joint
∑Mnb = sum of nominal flexural strength of the beams framing into the joint, evaluated at the
faces of the joint. In T-beam construction, where the slab is in tension under moments at the
face of the joint, slab reinforcement within an effective slab width defined in ACI 6.3.2 shall
contribute to Mnb if the slab reinforcement is developed at the critical section for flexure
If the requirements of ACI 18.7.3.2 are not satisfied at a joint, the lateral strength and 18.7.3.3
stiffness of the columns framing into that joint are to be ignored when determining the
strength and the stiffness of the structure. These columns must satisfy the provisions of ACI
18.14

The flexural strengths of the columns at a joint shall satisfy:

The figure illustrates the requirement for sidesway to the right and
sidesway to the left; this requirement must also be checked in the
direction perpendicular to the one shown. When determining Mnb, ACI
18.7.3.2 requires that the slab reinforcement within the effective slab
width contribute to the flexural strength. It is important to note that even
with minimum reinforcement in the slab, the contribution of this
reinforcement to Mnb is significant and needs to be included in all cases.
Minimum flexural strength requirements for

columns in special moment frames.

Nominal Strength interaction
diagram for a column in a
special moment frame.
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L +0.2S (Eq 5.3.1e)

U = 0.9D + 1.0E (Eq 5.3.1g)
The nominal moment strength of the column Mn is dependent on the magnitude

of the axial load in the column. Illustrated in the figure is a nominal strength
interaction diagram with axial forces corresponding to ACI Eqs. (5.3.1e) and
(5.3.1g), which include seismic effects E. According to ACI 18.7.3.2, M is to be
calculated for the factored axial force that is consistent with the direction of
analysis that results in the lowest flexural strength. In the example depicted in
Fig. 11.50, the lowest flexural strength is Mnc1, which corresponds to the axial
force associated with ACI Eq. (5.3.1g).

If the provisions of ACI 18.7.3.2 are not satisfied at a joint, any contribution the
column at that joint has to the lateral strength and stiffness of the structure is to
be ignored, and the column must be designed and detailed in accordance with
the requirements of ACI 18.14 for members that are not part of the SFRS; this
includes providing transverse reinforcement over the entire length similar to that
for columns that are part of the SFRS. Note that there are certain circumstances
where these types of columns should not be ignored. For example, the seismic
base shear and overall torsional effects should not be reduced because the
stiffness of these columns has been disregarded in the overall model of the
structure.

Longitudinal Area of longitudinal reinforcement Ast shall satisfy the following: 18.7.4.1
Reinforcement 0.01Ag ≤ Ast ≤ 0.06Ag
In columns with circular hoops, a minimum of six longitudinal bars are required in the 18.7.4.2
section.
Mechanical splices shall conform to ACI 18.2.7 and welded splices shall conform to ACI 18.2.8 18.7.4.3
Lap splices are permitted only within the center half of the member length and shall be 18.7.4.3
designed as tension lap splices. Lap splices must be enclosed by transverse reinforcement
conforming to ACI 18.7.5.2 and 18.7.5.3

In addition to controlling time-dependent
deformations, the lower limit ensures that
the yield moment exceeds the cracking
moment. The upper limit helps control
steel congestion and the development of
high shear stresses. Because of the
potential for reinforcement congestion
within the beam–column joints, it is good
practice to use a longitudinal reinforcement
ratio in the columns of no more than about
2%. Providing a ratio larger than 2% is
usually not practical or economical.
Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

for columns in special moment frames

Transverse Transverse reinforcement required in ACI 18.7.5.2 through 18.7.5.4 must be provided over 18.7.5.1
Reinforcement the length lo from each joint face and on both sides of any section where flexural yielding is
likely to occur as a result of displacements beyond the elastic range of behavior. The length lo
must be greater than or equal to the greatest of the following:
(a) Depth of column at the joint face or at the section where flexural yielding is likely to
occur
(b) Clear span of the column/6
(c) 18 in (450 mm)
Transverse reinforcement is to be provided by: 18.7.5.2(a)
(a) Single or overlapping spirals
(b) Circular hoops
(c) Rectilinear hoops with or without crossties
Bends of rectilinear hoops and crossties are to engage peripheral longitudinal reinforcing 18.7.5.2(b)
bars.
Crossties of the same or smaller bar size as the hoops shall be permitted, subject to the 18.7.5.2(c)
limitation of ACI 25.7.2.2. Consecutive crossties shall be alternated end for end along the
longitudinal reinforcement and around the perimeter of the cross-section

Transverse Where rectilinear hoops or crossties are used, they are to provide lateral supports to 18.7.5.2 (d)
Reinforcement longitudinal reinforcement in accordance with ACI 25.7.2.2 and 25.7.2.3
Spacing of crossties or legs of rectilinear hoops hx within a cross-section of the column must 18.7.5.2 (e)
be less than or equal to 14 in (350 mm)
In columns with rectilinear hoops, where the factored axial compressive force Pu > 0.3Agf’c 18.7.5.2 (f)
or where f’c > 10,000 psi (70MPa), every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the
perimeter of the column core must have lateral support provided by the corner of a hoop or
by a seismic hook. The value of hx in such cases must be less than or equal to 8 in (200 mm)
The spacing of transverse reinforcement along the length lo shall not exceed the smallest of 18.7.5.3
the following:
(a) Minimum column dimension/4
(b) 6 x diameter of smallest longitudinal bar
(c) so defined in ACI eq (18.7.5.3):
4 in ≤ so = 4 + [(14-hx)/3] ≤ 6 in
100mm ≤ so = 100 + [(350-hx)/3] ≤ 150 mm

Transverse Minimum transverse reinforcement shall be in accordance with ACI table 18.7.5.4 or NSCP 18.7.5.4
Reinforcement Table 418.7.5.4
Beyond the length lo, spiral or hoop reinforcement satisfying the provisions of ACI 25.7.2 18.7.5.5
through 25.7.4 must be provided.
The spacing of the transverse reinforcement s shall not exceed the smallest of the following:
(a) 6 x diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar
(b) 6 in (150 mm)
A larger amount of transverse reinforcement may be required based on the provisions of ACI
18.7.4.3 or 18.7.6
Transverse Columns supporting the reactions from the discontinued stiff members, such as walls, shall 18.7.5.6
Reinforcement have transverse reinforcement as required in ACI 18.7.5.2 through 18.7.5.4 over their full
height at all levels beneath the discontinuity if the factored axial compressive force in these
columns related to earthquake effects exceed Agf’c/10.
The limit of Agf’c/10 shall be increased to Agf’c/4 where design forces have been magnified
to account for the overstrength of the vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system.
Transverse reinforcement shall extend above and below the column as required in ACI
18.7.5.6(b)
Additional transverse reinforcement is required in columns where the concrete cover outside 18.7.5.7
of the transverse reinforcement specified in ACI 18.7.5.1, 18.7.5.5, and 18.7.5.6 exceeds 4 in
(100 mm).
Concrete cover for additional transverse reinforcement shall not exceed 4 in (100 mm) and
the spacing of the additional transverse reinforcement shall not exceed 12 in (300 mm)

Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectilinear hoops in columns of

special moment frames [Pu ≤ 0.3 Agf’c and f’c ≤ 10,000 psi (70 MPa)].

Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectilinear hoops in columns of

special moment frames [Pu> 0.3 Agf’c and/or f’c> 10,000 psi (70 MPa)].

Transverse reinforcement requirements for spiral or circular hoops in

columns of special moment frames

Shear Strength Design shear force Ve is to be determined considering the maximum forces that can be 18.7.6.1
generated at the faces of the joints at each end of the column. The joint forces are to be
determined using Mpr at each end of the column associated with the ranged of factored axial
forces Pu. Member shear forces need not exceed those determined from joint strengths
based on Mpr of the transverse beams framing into the joint.
Transverse reinforcement over the lengths lo shall be proportioned to resist shear forces 18.7.6.2
assuming Vc = 0 when both (a) and (b) occur:
(a) The earthquake-induced shear force calculated by ACI 18.7.6.1 is greater than or equal
to one-half of the maximum required shear strength within lo.
(b) The factored axial compressive force Pu, including earthquake effects, is less than
Agf’c/20.

Like beams in special moment frames, columns in special moment frames must
be designed for the shear forces associated with probable flexural strengths
Mpr acting at the ends of the column associated with the range of factored axial
loads Pu acting on the member. Sidesway to the left and sidesway to the right
must both be considered to obtain the maximum shear force.

Shown in the figure is an interaction diagram of a
column that has been constructed using the tensile
stress in the longitudinal reinforcing steel equal to
1.25fy and the strength reduction factor ϕ equal to
1.0. This diagram is a representation of the
probable flexural strengths Mpr of a column as a
function of factored axial loads. According to ACI
18.7.6.1.1, Mpr at each end of a column must be
determined for the range of factored axial forces Pu
acting on the column in the direction of analysis.
The range corresponds to the load combinations
that include the earthquake effect E. For the range
of Pu shown in the figure, the largest probable
flexural strength occurs at the balanced point even
though the factored axial force that corresponds to
this moment is not obtained from any of the
applicable load combinations.

For the range of factored axial forces shown in the
figure, Mpr is equal to the moment that is
associated with the factored axial force from ACI
Eq. (5.3.1e) because that moment is greater than
the moment associated with any other factored
axial force within that range.

Therefore, the maximum shear force that is obtained from Mpr at each end of the column is Ve =
(Mpr,top + Mpr,bot )/ℓu where Mpr,top and Mpr,bot are the probable flexural strengths at the top and
bottom of the column, respectively, and ℓu is the unsupported length of the column.
According to ACI 18.7.6.1.1, the maximum shear force in a column
need not exceed those that are calculated from joint strengths based
on the probable flexural strengths of the beams framing into the joint.
Consider the column in Fig. 11.57 where beams frame into opposite
sides of the joint. The combined probable flexural strength of the
beams may be taken as the sum of the negative probable flexural
strength of the beam Mn- on one side of the joint and the positive
probable flexural strength of the beam Mn+ on the other side. In
general, an analysis must be performed to determine the moments at
the top and bottom of the column assuming that the beams develop
their probable flexural strengths. Note that the distribution of the
Maximum shear force in columns of combined probable flexural strength of the beams to the column is
special moment frames based on the indeterminate. Once the column moments have been determined, the
probable flexural strengths of the maximum shear forces can be obtained from statics.
beams framing into the joint.

For columns in the first story that support the first elevated floor, it is possible to develop the
probable flexural strength of a column at its base. Thus, for a first-story column, shear forces are
computed based on one of two ways: (1) the probable flexural strength of the column acting at
both the top and bottom of the column and (2) the probable flexural strength of the column at the
base and the moment in the column at the top based on the probable flexural strengths of the
beams at the top (as shown). As noted previously, an analysis must be performed to determine
the moment at the top of the column.
Maximum shear force in columns

located in the first story of special
moment frames.

The design shear force must not be taken less than that determined from the structural analysis of
the building.
Like in the case of beams in special moment frames, the contribution of concrete shear strength
Vc must be taken equal to zero for columns in special moment frames when the two conditions in
ACI 18.7.6.2.1 are satisfied.

Lec08 Pcse Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lec08 Pcse Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lec08 Pcse Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CE444 – PCSE

(Reinforced Concrete Design)

2 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

3 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Dimensional limits of columns

4 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

5 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

The flexural strengths of the columns at a joint shall satisfy:

6 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Minimum flexural strength requirements for

7 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L +0.2S (Eq 5.3.1e)

The nominal moment strength of the column Mn is dependent on the magnitude

8 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

9 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

10 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Longitudinal reinforcement requirements

11 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

12 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

13 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

15 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectilinear hoops in columns of

16 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Transverse reinforcement requirements for rectilinear hoops in columns of

17 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Transverse reinforcement requirements for spiral or circular hoops in

18 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

19 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

20 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

21 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

22 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

23 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Maximum shear force in columns

24 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

25 Mark Espino, CE, M.ASCE/SEI, M.IABSE, M.EERI CE444-PCSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

You might also like