THE EUROPEAN

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022) 231:2487–2490

https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00635-1 PHYSICAL JOURNAL
SPECIAL TOPICS
Editorial

Transport phenomena of nanofluids in cavities: current

trends and applications
Sivaraj R1,2 and Santo Banerjee3,a
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
2
Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
3
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

Published online 18 July 2022

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of
Springer Nature 2022

Abstract This special issue encompasses the experimental and theoretical investigations on transport
phenomena of nanofluids in cavities. The contributions are classified as follows: (1) nanofluid flow in
square/rectangular cavities, (2) nanofluid flow in cavities with obstacles, (3) nanofluid flow in wavy enclo-
sures, (4) nanofluid flow in trapezoidal/circular/annular cavities, and (5) nanofluid flow in enclosures.

1 Nanofluid flow in square/rectangular convection, whereas the thermal convective flow was
cavities suppressed by the magnetic field with large buoyancy
ratios. Abderrahmane et al. [5] utilized the Galerkin
finite element technique to numerically scrutinize the
Selimefendigil et al. [1] numerically investigated the influence of magnetic field on mixed convective flow
impact of magnetic field and inclined partition at the within a three-dimensional cubic enclosure filled with
inlet on the cooling performance of double-jet impinge- phase-change material including nanoparticles. Two
ment of an isothermal plate with two different shear- rotating cylinders were located inside the enclosure.
thinning nanofluids. They observed that the cooling The authors observed that the phase-shifting constraint
performance and convective heat transfer of the double- of phase-change material, angular rotation of the cylin-
slot jet impingement system could be significantly reg- ders, enclosure height, cylinder locations, and Hartman
ulated through the shear-thinning type nanofluid, mag- number significantly influenced the fluid flow within
netic field, inclination of the partition at the inlet, and the enclosure. Umavathi [6] utilized the Southwell over-
velocity ratio of the jets. Saha et al. [2] examined the relaxation technique to study the natural convective
impact of geometric shape on heat transfer characteris- flow of two immiscible liquids within an enclosure.
tics within square and circular cavities filled with CuO- The enclosure had two discrete regions which con-
water nanofluid/water/air. The results revealed that tained a nanofluid and permeable fluid. Results revealed
higher heat transfer could be achieved through geomet- that among the copper, diamond, and titanium oxide
ric modifications. For instance, when air was consid- nanoparticles, suspending the diamond nanoparticles in
ered as a working medium, an approximately 22.21% water yielded the highest rate of heat transfer.
enhancement in heat transfer was observed for posi-
tioning the cavity horizontally, and 24.11% heat trans-
fer enhancement was observed with an inclined cav-
ity. Ali et al. [3] carried out a numerical investiga- 2 Nanofluid flow in cavities with obstacles
tion to study the transport features of mixed convec-
tive Al2 O3 -Cu-H2 O hybrid nanoliquid flow within a
rectangular enclosure. They observed that an increase Abdulsahib et al. [7] numerically analysed the char-
in the amplitude ratio and hybrid nanoparticle vol- acteristics of natural convection flow of Al2 O3 -H2 O
ume fraction tended to increase the heat transfer rate. nanoliquid within an enclosure in the presence and
Venkatadri et al. [4] constructed a mathematical model absence of two inner adiabatic cylinders. The study
to explore the influence of Hall currents on magneto- demonstrated that the fluid velocity accelerated when
hydrodynamic (MHD) radiative-convective flow within the inner adiabatic cylinders were located in mid-
an enclosure. They found that the thermofluidic fea- dle of the cavity. Further, the highest heat transfer
tures were substantially modified by varying the Hall rate was obtained with an inclination angle of π/6. Al-
current and radiative effects. Further, for small buoy- Amir et al. [8] numerically investigated the MHD forced
ancy ratios, the magnetic field suppressed the natural convective carbon nanotube-water nanofluid flow in an
enclosure which contained a stationary hexagonal solid
a body. They showed that the energy transmission was
e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author)

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strongly regulated by the high-volume fraction of car- 4 Nanofluid flow

bon nanotube nanoparticles and size of the hexagonal in trapezoidal/circular/annular cavities
solid body within the cavity. Kanimozhi et al. [9] con-
structed a mathematical model to examine the influence
of viscous dissipation on Ag-MgO-H2 O hybrid nano- Khan et al. [16] numerically analysed the features of
liquid flow within a cylindrical annulus. A thin cir- mixed convective flow of an Al2 O3 -Cu-H2 O hybrid
cular baffle was anchored to the inner cylinder. They nanoliquid within a trapezoidal enclosure containing a
observed that the velocity was strongly regulated by triangular-shaped cold obstacle. They found that the
the size and location of the fin. Further, the volume rate of heat transfer was strongly controlled by the vari-
fraction of the nanoparticles had a considerable impact ations in nanoparticle volume fraction. Further, at the
on the rate of heat transfer. Job et al. [10] analysed the sharp edges of the obstacle, a higher local Nusselt num-
features of MHD mixed convective silver-alumina-water ber was observed. Geridonmez and Oztop [17] stud-
hybrid nanofluid flow inside an enclosure with a rotat- ied the impact of partial magnetic fields on free con-
ing cylinder. They observed that increasing the radius vective flow of MgO-Ag-H2 O hybrid nanoliquid inside
of the cylinder and diameter of the nanoparticles tended an a trapezoidal enclosure. The results demonstrated
to enhance the flow circulation regions near the rotating that the buoyancy-driven flow was suppressed with an
cylinder. Further, the heat transfer rate and nanofluid increase in the oblique cold wall inclination angle. Fur-
temperature were increased with an increased cylin- ther, a 25.41% decrease in the rate of heat transfer was
der radius and reduced nanoparticle diameters. Has- observed with a change in the inclination angle from
sen et al. [11] carried out a numerical investigation to 0 to π/9. Awasthi et al. [18] performed a temporal
explore the characteristics of MWCNT-Fe3 O4 -thermal instability analysis of a nanoliquid layer in a circular
oil hybrid nanoliquid flow inside an enclosure with a cylindrical cavity. They found that the stability in the
hot obstacle. When the hot obstacle was moved from system was affected by the nanoparticle volume frac-
the bottom to the top of the enclosure, a more than tion. Swamy al. [19] performed an entropy generation
170% increase in the convective energy transmission on analysis on nanoliquid flow in an annular cavity. They
the cold wall was achieved. Khan et al. [12] studied observed that the aspect ratio of the geometry had a
the MHD Casson fluid flow inside a triangular enclo- considerable impact on the optimization of the thermal
sure which contained a cylindrical obstacle. The results dissipation rate.
demonstrated that the energy transmission inside the
enclosure was highly regulated by varying the length
of the heating element. Further, increasing the Casson
parameter caused a reduction in the heat transfer rate.
5 Nanofluid flow in enclosures

Yıldız al. [20] investigated the impact of various

3 Nanofluid flow in wavy enclosures nanoparticles, base fluids, Reynolds numbers, and
nanoparticle volume fractions on the pressure drop
Mandal et al. [13] presented a mathematical model and energy transmission in an automotive radiator.
to analyse the hydrothermal characteristics of Al2 O3 - They determined that, depending on the choice of
Cu-H2 O hybrid nanoliquid flow inside a non-Darcian nanoparticle, base fluid, nanoparticle volume fraction,
porous wavy cavity. They observed that the energy and Reynolds number, the energy transmission could
transmission inside the cavity increased with an be improved from 3.2 to 45.9%. Further, the utilization
increase in the amplitude of the wavy wall. Fereidooni of nanofluid significantly increased the pressure drop.
[14] explored the influence of fin number and size on free Muhammad et al. [21] analysed the combustion flow
convection of TiO2 -water nanofluid flow within a wavy in an intake manifold with two inlets and one outlet.
trash bin-shaped enclosure. The results revealed that The results revealed that high pressure due to combus-
the local entropy generation decreased and the aver- tion was observed near the outlet. Ahmed et al. [22]
age rate of heat transfer increased with an increase in studied the flow of Cu-H2 O nanoliquid inside a porous
the number of fins around the inner cylinder. Further, enclosure with two wavy walls. A decrease in the Darcy
a 31% decrease in the mean rate of heat transfer was coefficient from 10−2 to 10−5 led to an 80% reduction in
observed with an increase in the amplitude of the wavy the heat transfer rate. Al-Farhany et al. [23] constructed
wall from 0.05 to 0.1. Reddy and Panda [15] utilized the a mathematical model to demonstrate the influence of
Galerkin finite element technique to analyse the char- magnetic field on mixed convective Cu-H2 O nanoliquid
acteristics of MHD Casson nanofluid flow inside a wavy flow in a horizontal channel attached to two open enclo-
trapezoidal enclosure. When the Hartmann number was sures. They found that higher Hartmann number values
high, the rate of heat transfer was strongly regulated by resulted in decreased fluid velocity. Joe and Perumal
varying the nanoparticle volume fraction and the Cas-
son parameter.

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[24] numerically studied the characteristics of pump- 6. J.C. Umavathi, Laminar mixed convection of perme-
ing power requirements, entropy generation, thermal able fluid overlaying immiscible nanofluid. Eur. Phys.
energy distribution, and flow structures within a bat- J. Spec. Top. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/
tery pack. They observed that the thermophysical prop- s11734-022-00585-8
erties of the nanoparticles had no impact on the pump- 7. A.D. Abdulsahib, A.S. Hashim, A. Abdulkadhim, K.
ing power requirements. Dutta and Elnaqeeb [25] con- Al-Farhany, F. Mebarek-Oudina, Natural convection
ducted a numerical investigation to study the charac- investigation under influence of internal bodies within
teristics of MHD free convective flow of Cu-H2 O nano- a nanofluid-filled square cavity. Eur. Phys. J. Spec.
liquid inside a rhombic enclosure. The results demon- Top. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-
strated that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction 00584-9
8. Q.R. Al-Amir, H.K. Hamzah, F.H. Ali, S. Bayraktar, M.
led to a considerable increase in the mean heat transfer
Arıcı, M. Hatami, Comparison study of vertical and hor-
rate. Rahmoune et al. [26] constructed a mathematical
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model to examine the features of free convection flow nanofluid and hexagonal shape with MHD effect. Eur.
of Al2 O3 -H2 O nanoliquid within a cavity. The results Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/
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ing the Al2 O3 nanoparticles in water. 9. B. Kanimozhi, M. Muthtamilselvan, Q.M. Al-Mdallal,
B. Abdalla, Coupled buoyancy and Marangoni con-
Acknowledgements The guest editors of this special issue vection in a hybrid nanofluid filled cylindrical porous
are thankful to all the editorial members of the Euro- annulus with a circular thin baffle. Eur. Phys. J. Spec.
pean Physical Journal Special Topics for their guidance and Top. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-
motivation. The quality of the manuscripts is substantially 00594-7
improved through valuable suggestions and comments of the 10. V.M. Job, S.R. Gunakala, A.J. Chamkha, Numerical
reviewers, and the guest editors thank the reviewers for their investigation of unsteady MHD mixed convective flow
efforts and support. The guest editors are grateful to all the of hybrid nanofluid in a corrugated trapezoidal cav-
contributing authors for submitting the manuscripts which ity with internal rotating heat-generating solid cylin-
address the recent developments and research efforts on der. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. (2022). https://doi.org/
the transport phenomena of nanofluids inside cavities with 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00604-8
the purpose of outlining possible applications and future 11. W. Hassen, L. Kolsi, W. Rajhi, F. Alshammari, N.
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