Test Bank Econ 212 Ch5

Chapter 5 Introduction to Macroeconomics
5.1 Macroeconomic Concerns

1 Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following is NOT a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

A) gross domestic product B) the unemployment rate
C) the price of IBM computers D) the inflation rate
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Macroeconomic Concerns
Skill: Conceptual
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
2) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

A) gross domestic product B) the wage of auto workers
C) the price of IBM computers D) the amount of pizza produced
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
3) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

A) the functioning of individual industries
B) aggregate behavior of households and industries
C) the behavior of individual households
D) the decision-making behavior of individual business firms
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
4) Prices that do not always adjust rapidly to maintain equality between quantity supplied and
quantity demanded are
A) administered prices. B) sticky prices.
C) regulatory prices. D) market prices.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
116
5) The demand for corn has increased in May without any change in supply. Eight months later
there still has been no change in corn prices. This is an example of a
A) price floor. B) price control.
C) sticky price. D) macroeconomic price.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
6) The demand for massage therapists declined in the spring of 2007, but the starting wages paid
to massage therapists was still the same at the end of 2007. This is an example of a
A) sticky price. B) flexible price.
C) highly regulated market. D) price control.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
7) An increase in the overall price level is known as

A) deflation. B) recession. C) inflation. D) stagflation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
8) Aggregate behavior is
A) the behavior of each household and firm.
B) the behavior of each individual.
C) the behavior of all households and firms together.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
9) Inflation is a(n)
A) decrease in the overall price level.
B) decrease in the overall level of economic activity.
C) increase in the overall price level.
D) increase in the overall level of economic activity.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
117
10) Deflation occurs when
A) the average price level declines. B) economic activity declines.
C) the economic growth rate declines. D) the unemployment rate declines.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
11) A period of very rapid increase in the overall price level is known as
A) stagnation. B) hyperinflation.
C) stagflation. D) depression.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
12) The trend of the economy is

A) the long run growth path of the economy.
B) the long run inflation rate.
C) the long run unemployment rate.
D) the short run production capacity of an economy.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
13) The term business cycle refers to the

A) short-term ups and downs in the price level.
B) long-term trends in the price level.
C) short-term ups and downs in the level of economic activity.
D) long-term trends in the level of economic activity.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
14) A period during which aggregate output rises is known as a(n)

A) recession. B) inflation.
C) hyperinflation. D) expansion.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
15) A period when the economy shrinks is known as

A) a recession. B) a contraction.
C) a slump. D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
118
16) In a business cycle, a peak represents the end of ________ and a trough represents the end of
________.
A) an expansion; a recession B) a depression; an expansion
C) a trough; a peak D) a recession; an expansion
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
17) In a business cycle, a peak represents the end of

A) an expansion. B) a depression. C) trough. D) a recession
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
18) In a business cycle, a trough represents the end of

A) an expansion. B) an inflation. C) a peak D) a recession.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
19) It has become conventional to classify an economic downturn as a recession when aggregate
output declines for
A) three consecutive quarters. B) two consecutive quarters.
C) a year. D) six consecutive quarters.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
20) If the labor force is 500 and employment is 450, then the unemployment rate is
A) 100%. B) 90%. C) 10%. D) 0%.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
21) A prolonged and deep recession is called

A) a business cycle. B) a depression.
C) a stagflation. D) hyperinflation.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
119
22) Between a trough and a peak, the economy goes through a(n)
A) recession. B) bust.
C) expansion. D) hyperinflation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
23) Between a peak and a trough, the economy goes through a(n)
A) expansion. B) inflation. C) recession. D) boom.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
24) Unemployment means that

A) at the going wage rate, there are people who want to work but cannot find work.
B) people are not willing to work at the going wage rate.
C) there are some people who will not work at the going wage rate.
D) there is excess demand in the labor market.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
25) Unemployment implies that in the labor market

A) there is an excess supply of labor.
B) there is an excess demand for labor.
C) there are too few workers for the jobs available.
D) quantity demanded of labor exceeds quantity supplied.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
26) The unemployment rate equals

A) labor force/population. B) unemployed/employed.
C) (employed - unemployed)/labor force. D) (labor force - employed)/labor force.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
120
27) The unemployment rate equals
A) labor force/population. B) unemployed/employed.
C) (employed - unemployed)/labor force. D) unemployed/labor force.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
28) If the labor force is 50 million and 48 million are employed then the unemployment rate is:
A) 2%. B) 4%. C) 5%. D) 52%.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
AACSB: Analytic Skills
29) If 20 million workers are unemployed and 180 million workers are employed, then the
unemployment rate is
A) 10%. B) 11.1%. C) 18%. D) 80%.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
30) The period in the business cycle from a trough to peak is called a(n)
A) recession. B) expansion. C) slump. D) depression.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
31) If output is rising and unemployment is falling, the economy MUST be in a(n)
A) contraction. B) expansion.
C) depression. D) hyperinflationary period.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
32) The period in the business cycle from a peak to a trough is a(n)
A) recession. B) boom. C) expansion. D) inflation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
121
33) Unemployment generally ________ during recessions and ________ during expansions.
A) falls; rises. B) falls; falls. C) rises; falls. D) rises; rises.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
34) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The rate of change in economic activity is used to assess whether an economy is
expanding or contracting.
B) Short-term ups and downs in the economy are known as business cycles.
C) During a recession, output and employment are falling.
D) Business cycles are always symmetric the length of an expansion is the same as the
length of a contraction.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
2 True/False
1) Macroeconomics is concerned with inflation or deflation, output growth and unemployment.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
2) Macroeconomics is concerned with the market price and equilibrium quantity of each good or
service.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
3) The employment rate is the number of people employed divided by number of people in the
labor force.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
4) Hyperinflation and stagflation are two different names which refer to identical economic
conditions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
122
5) Macroeconomic behavior is the sum of all the microeconomic decisions made by individual
households and firms.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
6) All business cycles are symmetric the length of an expansion is the same as the length of a
recession.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
7) The following is a correct order in a business cycle: recession, trough, peak, expansion.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
8) A recession is usually associated with increasing unemployment.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
9) An expansion is usually associated with rising price levels.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
10) A recession is associated with a negative rate of growth of the economy.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
123
5.2 The Components of the Macroeconomy
1 Multiple Choice
1) If the central bank decreases the money supply, it is conducting

A) monetary policy. B) supply-side policy.
C) fiscal policy. D) incomes policy.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: The Components of the Macroeconomy
Skill: Conceptual
2) If Congress increases government spending, it is using

A) monetary policy. B) supply-side policy.
C) fiscal policy. D) incomes policy.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
3) Government policies regarding taxes and expenditures are called

A) fiscal policy. B) income policies.
C) supply-side policy. D) monetary policy.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
4) The government implements fiscal policy when it changes

A) spending and/or interest rate. B) money supply and/or taxes.
C) taxes and/or spending. D) taxes and/or interest rate.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
5) The government wants to encourage consumer spending through cutting income taxes. This is
an example of
A) an incomes policy. B) a fiscal policy.
C) a supply-side policy. D) a monetary policy.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
124
6) The ________ can change the quantity of money in the economy.
A) Treasury Department
B) Federal Reserve
C) Congress
D) Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
7) The Federal Reserve affecting the supply of money is known as

A) fiscal policy. B) monetary policy.
C) growth policy. D) supply side policy.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
8) Policies designed to affect the quantity of money are

A) fiscal policies. B) supply side or growth policies.
C) government spending policies. D) monetary policies.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
9) The diagram that shows the income received and payments made by each sector of the
economy is the
A) aggregate demand-aggregate supply diagram.
B) circular flow diagram.
C) income flow diagram.
D) income-production diagram.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
10) In the circular flow diagram, the different payments made by firms to households include
A) wages and profits. B) interest and taxes.
C) transfer payments and dividends. D) taxes and transfer payments.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
125
11) An example of a transfer payment is
A) an interest payment on a General Motors bond.
B) the added value of stock from the time it was bought to the time it was sold.
C) a Social Security retirement benefit.
D) the salary paid to a member of the armed forces.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
12) A transfer payment is

A) a bonus to get a worker to accept a transfer.
B) a cash payment made by the government to people who do not supply goods, services or
labor in exchange for the payment.
C) a cash payment for transferring a good from one person to another.
D) an in kind payment for working off the books.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
13) A household that spends less than it receives in income during a given period is
A) saving. B) dissaving.
C) running a deficit. D) receiving transfer payments.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
14) The major lesson of the circular flow diagram is that

A) saving must always be less than investment.
B) taxes must always be greater than government expenditures.
C) total income in the economy must always equal total spending.
D) tax receipts must be equal to transfer payments
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
15) In which of the following markets are funds demanded and supplied?
A) the labor market B) the goods and services market
C) the money market D) the factor market
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
126
16) In the goods-and-services market, households
A) only supply. B) only demand.
C) both supply and demand. D) neither supply nor demand.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
17) The demanders in the goods-and-services market are

A) households and business firms.
B) households, the government, and the rest of the world.
C) the government and business firms.
D) households, the government, business firms, and the rest of the world.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
18) In which basic market would DVDs be traded?

A) the goods and services market B) the money market
C) the labor market D) the factor market
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
19) In the circular flow diagram, firms ________ labor and households ________ goods and
services.
A) demand; supply. B) demand; demand.
C) supply; demand. D) supply; supply.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
20) In the circular flow diagram, households demand ________ and supply ________.
A) labor; labor. B) goods; services.
C) goods and services; labor. D) labor; goods and services.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
127
21) Promissory notes issued by the federal government when it borrows money are known as
A) Treasury shares. B) Treasury stocks.
C) Treasury bonds. D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
22) A promissory note issued by a corporation when it borrows money is a

A) share. B) corporate bond.
C) corporate dividend. D) stock.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
23) Dividends are

A) government profits distributed among bondholders.
B) corporate profits distributed among shareholders.
C) capital gains realized by stockholders.
D) promissory notes issued by corporations.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
24) Which of the following is a CORRECT statement?

A) Companies issue shares but don t issue bonds.
B) The government issues both bonds and shares.
C) Bondholders earn dividends but shareholders don t.
D) Shareholders earn dividends but bondholders don t.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
25) A capital gain is

A) a financial instrument that gives the holder a share in the ownership of a firm and
therefore the right to share in the profits of the firm.
B) the portion of a corporation s profits that the firm pays out each period to its
shareholders.
C) an increase in the value of an asset over the price initially paid for it.
D) the difference between an individual s economic income and money income.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
128
26) An increase in the value of an asset over the price initially paid for it is a
A) dividend. B) share of stock.
C) promissory note. D) capital gain.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Definition
27) If Tomas purchases a share of stock for $150 and one year later sells it for $225, he will realize a
A) dividend of $75. B) capital gain of $75.
C) dividend of $225. D) a capital gain of $225
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
28) If Juanita purchases a share of stock for $20 and three years later sells it for $120, she will
realize a
A) dividend of $100. B) capital gain of $100.
C) dividend of $120. D) capital gain of $140.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
29) Wayne purchased 10 autographed Eli Manning football cards when he was 15 years old for a
total cost of $50 and then sold those football cards 4 years later for $800. Due to these
transactions
A) Wayne earned a capital gain of $800. B) Wayne earned a capital gain of $750.
C) Wayne earned a dividend of $800. D) Wayne earned a dividend of $750.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
30) Mike purchased a 1968 Chevy Corvette in 2006 for $30,000 and a year later he sold it for
$36,000. Due to these transactions
A) Mike earned a capital loss of $6,000. B) Mike earned a dividend of $36,000.
C) Mike earned a dividend of $600. D) Mike earned a capital gain of $6,000.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
129
31) Ami purchased 100 shares of stock for $10,000. A year later the stock is valued at $18,000.
Instead of selling the stock, Ami held onto it for another year. Which of the following is TRUE?
A) The $8,000 increase in the value of the stock represents an unrealized capital gain.
B) The $8,000 increase in the value of the stock represents a dividend.
C) To determine the capital gain, it is first necessary to know the normal rate of return on
capital.
D) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
32) A dividend is
A) a promissory note issued by corporations when they borrow money.
B) an increase in the value of an asset over the purchase price initially paid for it.
C) the difference between the interest rate a bank pays on deposits and the interest rate it
charges for loans.
D) the portion of a corporation s profits that the firm pays out each period to its
shareholders.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
33) The portion of a corporation s profits that a firm pays out each period to its shareholders is a
A) dividend. B) promissory note.
C) capital gain. D) corporate bond.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
2 True/False
1) Fiscal policy generally takes the form of regulations specifying the maximum amount by
which the money supply can be changed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
2) Contractionary fiscal policy includes raising taxes.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
130
3) Monetary policy includes changing the level of household taxes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
4) A corporate bond is a promissory note issued by a firm when it borrows money.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
5) In the circular flow diagram everyone s expenditure is someone else s receipt.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
6) A dividend is is paid by shareholders to firms.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
7) A transfer payment is the tax one pays when transferring real estate.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
8) A capital gain is the increase in value of an asset above its initial cost.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
5.3 A Brief History of Macroeconomics

1 Multiple Choice
1) To get the economy out of a slump, Keynes believed that the government should
A) cut both taxes and government spending.
B) increase both taxes and government spending.
C) increase taxes and/or decrease government spending.
D) decrease taxes and/or increase government spending.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: A Brief History of Macroeconomics
Skill: Fact
131
2) To bring the economy out of an inflationary period, Keynes argued that the government
should
A) cut both taxes and government spending.
B) increase both taxes and government spending.
C) increase taxes and/or decrease government spending.
D) decrease taxes and/or increase government spending.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
3) Which of the following is an assumption used by Classical economists?

A) Wages adjust downward but not upward.
B) Wages adjust upward but not downward.
C) Wages are inflexible.
D) Wages adjust both upward and downward.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
4) According to the Classical model, unemployment

A) could not persist because wages would rise to eliminate the excess supply of labor.
B) could not persist because wages would fall to eliminate the excess supply of labor.
C) could be eliminated through fiscal and monetary policies.
D) could be eliminated only through government intervention.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
5) According to Classical economists, if the quantity of labor demanded exceeds the quantity
supplied, there is a
A) surplus of labor and wages will rise. B) shortage of labor and wages will fall.
C) shortage of labor and wages will rise. D) surplus of labor and wages will fall.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
6) According to the Classical economists, the economy

A) requires fine-tuning to reach full employment.
B) has sticky prices in many industries.
C) is self-correcting.
D) will never be at full employment.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
132
7) Macroeconomic policies became more influenced by Keynes theories starting with,
A) the period of high unemployment and high inflation in the 1970s.
B) the Great Depression.
C) the period of high inflation in the early 1980s.
D) the OPEC recession.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
8) According to Classical models, the level of employment is determined primarily by

A) the level of aggregate demand for goods and services.
B) prices and wages.
C) government taxation.
D) government spending.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
9) According to Keynes, the level of employment is determined by

A) flexible wages and prices.
B) interest rates.
C) price and wages.
D) the level of aggregate demand for goods and services.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
10) The concept of market clearing is adopted and defended by

A) Keynesian economists. B) Classical economists.
C) fine-tuning economists. D) demand-side economists.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
11) Suppose the economy suffers a high rate of unemployment. According to Keynesian
economists, the government should increase employment by
A) decreasing money supply. B) balancing the budget.
C) not doing anything. D) increasing government spending.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Conceptual
133
12) Which of the following would be an example of fine tuning?
A) Firms increase wages to attract high-quality workers.
B) Firms increase employment benefits to increase workers productivity.
C) The federal government enacts legislation to increase spending to try to stimulate the
economy.
D) The federal government passes legislation that would require that the government s
budget always be balanced.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Conceptual
13) Rapid increases in the price level during periods of recession or high unemployment are
known as
A) stagflation. B) stagnation. C) depression. D) inflation.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
14) Stagflation occurs when the economy s inflation rate is high and
A) employment is high.
B) the unemployment rate is high.
C) the unemployment rate is low.
D) the rate of change in economic activities is positive.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
15) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 97 [409]: F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby is set in
the Roaring 20s . This decade in U.S. history was characterized by
A) economic expansion and high unemployment.
B) recession and high unemployment.
C) economic expansion and low unemployment.
D) the Great Depression and stagflation.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: A Brief History of Macroeconomics: Economics in Practice
Skill: Fact
16) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 97 [409]: John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath is set in
the early 1930s. During this time, the U.S. economy was primarily in the ________ phase of the
business cycle, culminating in the Great Depression.
A) peak B) recession C) trough D) expansion
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
134
17) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 99 [411]: John Maynard Keynes most notable
published work is entitled
A) Capitalism Doomed.
B) The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.
C) The Communist Manifesto.
D) Freakonomics.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
18) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 99 [411]: John Maynard Keynes sought to solve the
economic paradox of the Great Depression, which was the coexistence of
A) low production and low unemployment.
B) high production and low inflation.
C) high production and high inflation.
D) low production and high unemployment.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
2 True/False
1) Keynes believed that expansionary fiscal policy could help get an economy out of an inflation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
2) According to the Classical model, an excess supply of labor would drive up wages to a new
equilibrium level and therefore unemployment would not persist.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Skill: Fact
3) According to Keynes, aggregate supply determines the level of economic activities in the
economy.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
4) According to Keynes, the government s role during periods when private demand is low is to
stimulate aggregate demand and, by so doing, lift the economy out of recession.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
135
5) In the Classical model, the level of employment is determined by the level of aggregate
demand.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
6) Fine tuning is any government attempt to regulate inflation or unemployment.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Definition
7) Classical economists believed that economic slowdowns are self-correcting.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
5.4 The U.S. Economy Since 1970

1 Multiple Choice
1) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced four

A) periods of high inflation. B) recessions.
C) deflations. D) periods of stagflation.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: The U.S. Economy Since 1970
Skill: Fact
2) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced two

A) periods of high inflation. B) recessions.
C) deflations. D) all of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
3) During the U.S. recession of 1980-1982, the unemployment rate reached a high of ________
percent.
A) 7.6 B) 8.8 C) 10.7 D) 22.4
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
136
4) In the U.S. economy, the inflation rate in 1975 peaked at ________ percent.
A) 10.1 B) 11.0 C) 14.2 D) 22.4
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
Refer to the information for this hypothetical economy provided in Table 5.1 below to answer the questions
that follow.
Table 5.1
2006 2007 2008
Quarter I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
Output 90 94 98 102 96 91 88 84 87 94 90 87
5) Refer to Table 5.1. In this economy, a trough existed around the

A) fourth quarter of the year 2007 B) fourth quarter of the year 2006.
C) second quarter of the year 2007. D) third quarter of the year 2008.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
6) Refer to Table 5.1. In this economy, a peak existed around the

A) third quarter of the year 2008. B) third quarter of the year 2006.
C) fourth quarter of the year 2007. D) fourth quarter of the year 2006.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
7) Refer to Table 5.1. The period from after the fourth quarter of 2006 until before the first quarter
of 2008 can be categorized as a period of
A) high inflation. B) low unemployment.
C) high production. D) high unemployment.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
8) Refer to Table 5.1. Which of the following quarters can be associated with inflation?
A) the second quarter of the year 2006 B) the first quarter of the year 2008
C) the second quarter of the year 2008 D) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Skill: Analytic
137
2 True/False
1) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced 2 recessions.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
2) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced 2 periods of high inflation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
3) Since 1970, the annual inflation rate in the U.S. has been about 9.7 percent or more.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Fact
138

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Chapter 5 Introduction to Macroeconomics

5.1 Macroeconomic Concerns

1) Which of the following is NOT a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

2) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

3) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics?

7) An increase in the overall price level is known as

12) The trend of the economy is

13) The term business cycle refers to the

14) A period during which aggregate output rises is known as a(n)

15) A period when the economy shrinks is known as

17) In a business cycle, a peak represents the end of

18) In a business cycle, a trough represents the end of

21) A prolonged and deep recession is called

24) Unemployment means that

25) Unemployment implies that in the labor market

26) The unemployment rate equals

34) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1) Macroeconomics is concerned with inflation or deflation, output growth and unemployment.

8) A recession is usually associated with increasing unemployment.

9) An expansion is usually associated with rising price levels.

10) A recession is associated with a negative rate of growth of the economy.

1) If the central bank decreases the money supply, it is conducting

2) If Congress increases government spending, it is using

3) Government policies regarding taxes and expenditures are called

4) The government implements fiscal policy when it changes

7) The Federal Reserve affecting the supply of money is known as

8) Policies designed to affect the quantity of money are

12) A transfer payment is

14) The major lesson of the circular flow diagram is that

17) The demanders in the goods-and-services market are

18) In which basic market would DVDs be traded?

22) A promissory note issued by a corporation when it borrows money is a

23) Dividends are

24) Which of the following is a CORRECT statement?

25) A capital gain is

2) Contractionary fiscal policy includes raising taxes.

4) A corporate bond is a promissory note issued by a firm when it borrows money.

5) In the circular flow diagram everyone s expenditure is someone else s receipt.

6) A dividend is is paid by shareholders to firms.

5.3 A Brief History of Macroeconomics

3) Which of the following is an assumption used by Classical economists?

4) According to the Classical model, unemployment

6) According to the Classical economists, the economy

8) According to Classical models, the level of employment is determined primarily by

9) According to Keynes, the level of employment is determined by

10) The concept of market clearing is adopted and defended by

6) Fine tuning is any government attempt to regulate inflation or unemployment.

7) Classical economists believed that economic slowdowns are self-correcting.

5.4 The U.S. Economy Since 1970

1) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced four

2) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced two

5) Refer to Table 5.1. In this economy, a trough existed around the

6) Refer to Table 5.1. In this economy, a peak existed around the

1) Since 1970, the U.S. economy has experienced 2 recessions.

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