Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning

Environment in the Classroom of Grade

12 - BPP - A of Mariano Marcos, A. Y. -

2023 – 2024

Santos, Julian Edrinne

Oliveros, Alliana Reign T.

Ardeza, Ashley Jane T.

Alfonso, Denisse D.

Buenavente, Jan Chester S.

Del Mindo, Valerie Joyce T.

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

When discussing about education: Teaching, Studying,

Interacting and Growing are few of things that comes to an

individuals mind. But these said examples can also be affected

by ‘’certain factors’’, (Maegan Varga, 2017) There are

numerous reasons why students may lose interest in school,

and engagement is a key factor. Engagement in two (2)

different ways, learning and interacting. These two (2) can be

affected by a students competency, emotional state, and

other things that researchers can refer to as: Factors,

(Nelson Mandela, 2018) Education is the most powerful

weapon which you can use to change the world. Education

should be effective as it is one of the things that dictates an

individuals life in a world where competency ultimately

matters.

Ultimately, a classroom is the smallest community that can be

found in educational institutions such as: Schools, Colleges,

and Universities. The main location in a school where

educational objectives are implemented is each classroom.

However, it also provides a setting or space for socializing and

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establishing connections with other individuals. (David Tyack,

1988) a historian for education, had shared his argument for

the purpose of schooling from a historical perspective,

wherein its purpose has been tied to social and economic

needs. In recent times, arguments created by sociologists

state that the existence of schools is made to serve a practical

credentialing function in society. This statement further

solidifies how important teaching is, A society is an institution

with common activities, traditions, beliefs, and interest, A

society is a broad grouping of people. Which can also be a

factor that affects a learning environment, Speaking of

environment. (Phillips, 2014) Several factors are recognized

as ones that affect the environment in a classroom. The

physical structure is one of the factors that contributes to the

effectiveness of learning, as well as the well-being of the

persons in a classroom. The proper maintenance of the

utilities and the organization in a classroom both serve as

critical variables in affecting the environment in a classroom.

Developing a comfortable and inviting atmosphere in a

classroom contributes to the improvement of the enthusiasm

of the students. Providing a feeling of warmth and home

inside a setting for learning makes it possible for a classroom

to become a potential place that supports positive interaction.

The physical environment inside the classroom is a factor that

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should be developed by the students and teachers in order to

increase the feeling of classroom community and make it a

setting probable for student empowerment. There is a

surprising number of different factors that are discussed,

there are many things that can affect a classroom as said,

physically and mentally.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning Environment

in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A attempts to

identify the various elements that the teachers and pupils in

the environment described in the sentence will also be its

main problem. To be more precise, it will respond to:

What are the different factors that affects a healthy

learning environment of BPP 12 – A.

What are the different external and internal factors that

contributes to the unhealthy or healthy environment.

What are the possible solutions that were suggested by

the respondents to resolve the lack of a healthy

learning environment of a classroom.

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 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study, Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning Environment

in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A, has many theories

that the researchers can use, (Bertrand, 2003) The learning

environment theories focus on different constructs within the

educational system that include the student, society, and the

content being taught. These theories flow from the

psychological theories of learning, which include cognitive

theories, social cognitive theories, and instructional system

design theories. As it also affects students’ learning, the

students’ environment can play a role in this study. By

environment, the researchers don’t simply mean the physical

surrounds, but also the people who live there. (Markham,

Aveyard, 2003)The theory of human functioning and school

organizations asserts that schools can enable students to

develop ‘practical reasoning’ and ‘affiliation’. Practical

reasoning involves an ability to understand and manage one′s

own feelings, and weighing options when deciding how to

behave. Affiliation involves an ability to form relationships

with others. Affiliation to classmates and teachers, believing

in this the biggest factor that affects the students is the

students itself, as there will be no environment without

person.

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 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

STUDENTS AND
TEACHERS

LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT

COMPETENCY. CIRCLE OF FRIENDS.

SOCIAL STATUS.

Relation and connection

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As shown, Competency, Social Status, Circle of Friends is what the

researchers propose as the factors that affects and makes an

environment, Ultimately the learning environment is what directly

affects the students and teachers, also the students and teachers

can also affect the learning environment, as said the people inside

the environment is what creates it, the hierarchy, groups and skills

to look for.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will concentrate on the Factors Affecting a Healthy

Learning Environment in the Classroom of Grade 12 BPP – A,

Therefore the study will be helpful to the following beneficiaries:

School Administration. The data gathered in this study will

serve as a guide for the school in order to create lesson plans or

discipline plans that will be able to control the implementation of

the factors inside the classrooms. The study will also help the

administration in determining whether it is possible for the factors

to occur in the classroom by monitoring the school environment.

Teachers. This study aims to inform the teachers to be aware

of what makes a classroom a healthy environment. The results will

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guide the teaching personnel to develop a plan that will be suitable

in enhancing the different factors that makes the environment in a

classroom healthy. It will also help the teachers to guide the

students in a classroom in creating a classroom environment that

possesses the different factors.

Students. The results of the study will help the main

residents of the setting of the study (classroom), the students. The

data will help the students understand what contributes on making

the different factors occur in a classroom. It will serve as reference

and guide for the students on developing steps that will help them

implement the factors that will make their classrooms a healthy

environment.

Parents. This study will help the parents of the students to

evaluate whether the school involved in the area of research

possesses the potential to develop a healthy environment for

positive learning experiences of their children. The different areas

studied in this research may also pique the interest of the parents

to determine what areas the school lack and suggest ideas to

improve the current status of the school as suggested in the study.

Future Researchers. The data and information collected in

this study will help the researchers develop a way of understanding

on how each variable that exists in a classroom collectively

contribute to developing a healthy environment in a classroom. It

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will help them create solutions to the problems faced and suggested

in the study.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This research seeks to find the factors that influence the learning

environment in the classroom of Grade 12 BPP. Since a chose

number of students are only interviewed for the study, it may be

possible that the answers to the questions are limited which means

that the chosen students determined only selected possible

problems and factors. The perspectives of different students may

also differ due to their social group in class. The study was also

conducted for a short period of time, thus making the experiences

of the students limited or in favor of what the current occurrences in

the classroom were.

This study will use a survey questionnaire in order to gather

information from the respondents, and the interpretation of the

written answers by the respondents may vary due to the researcher

examining the papers. Since it is in written form, the respondents

may have also had a hard time to fill in the correct information or

accurate opinion that they want to represent, thus making the

interpretation of the researcher inaccurate from the original

intention.

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Factors: a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a

result or outcome, In operational term: An element that contributes

to a healthy environment of a classroom, whether physically or

mentally.

TSRS: Student-Teacher Relationships (TSRS) are the interactions

between a student and teacher in a classroom with the content that

is before them. Positive teacher-student relationships have these

characteristics: Two-way trust and respect. Honor who kids are and

what they bring to the class. Industrious and interesting work. In

operational term, it does not only refer to as positive relationships,

but also negative ones.

Affiliation: closely associated with another typically in a dependent

or subordinate position. It can also mean the relationships of

different groups in operational.

Competency: the quality or state of having sufficient knowledge,

judgment, skill, or strength, Or the capabilities of a student.

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Environment: everything that is around us, which includes both

living and nonliving things such as soil, water, animals and plants,

which adapt themselves to their surroundings, In operational it can

be used to refer to students social space

Healthy: beneficial to one’s physical, mental, or emotional state,

The researchers can use this to refer to environments or the place

Socializing: being with and a part of other people; enjoying their

company, confiding in them or letting them confide in you, and

working together towards shared goals. In operational term,

Interacting with the environment

Social Status: the relative rank that an individual holds, with

attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based

upon honor or prestige. It can also refer to the economic status

Hierarchy: a system or organization in which people or groups are

ranked one above the other according to status or authority. In

operational term, the set of skills given importance that makes a

person or a group stand out

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Classroom: the domain of the variables. A classroom is a place

where pupils can learn without distraction to acquire knowledge,

etc.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter of the research: Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning

Environment in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A of Mariano

Marcos, A. Y. – 2023 – 2024 consist literature and studies

developed before and is essentially related to this research.

RELATED STUDIES

Environment for students (Foreign Studies)

According to Ryan Hannah (2013), a large amount of a student's

time is spent sitting in a school classroom. This place is where they

will learn the various skills deemed necessary and proper for them

to achieve success in the global society. The classroom is where

they will gain an understanding of their place in the world and gifts

that they have to offer it. The classroom environment plays a crucial

role in keeping students engaged and allowing them to be

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successful within the classroom. The teacher can modify the

environment to achieve these results. Without giving attention to

the environment if a classroom, the teacher is setting their students

up to be less successful. In the study of Ramlee, M., et al. (2014)

Good teaching is a major factor affecting the increase in students’

deep approach followed by the assessment, learning resources and

clear objectives. Workload was also shown as a major factor

influencing the increase in the surface approach followed by the

assessment, learning communities, and learning resources.

The space for students (Foreign Study)

Usman (2019) said that It is believed that a learning environment

with accessible and utilizable facilities will guarantee

effective teaching and learning process as well as academic

achievements of students.

Consequently, there is the ardent need for the government and

relevant stakeholders in the education sector to intensify efforts

towards creating friendly environments that are learner;

knowledge; assessment and community-centered where all the

fundamental component of a model learning environment would be

mobilized to ensure that learners perform optimally in

their academic pursuit.

Mental factor (Foreign Study)

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 Ultimately Sneha pimphalkute (2023) highlighted that positive

TSRs can create a sense of togetherness between teachers and

students and an atmosphere of a close-knit family within the school.

Educators from this study indicated that positive TSRs may result in

teachers and students genuinely caring for each other, thereby

contributing to positive classroom.

Current state of certain factors (Local Studies)

A study was conducted by Cardenas and Cerado (2016) and they

have explored the school climate, teachers’ efficient and students’

learning outcomes in Koronadal City, Philippines. In their study, the

school climate was coined to refer to the academic, physical, social,

and leadership environments experienced by the teachers and

students. Based on the results, the school climate was judged as

“extremely favorable” by the students and teachers.

Falsario, Muyong and Nuevaspaña (2014) conducted a survey with

the Bachelor of elementary Education students and the Bachelor of

Secondary Education students, and their perception in accordance

with their classroom climate. The BEED students have perceived

their classroom as “Highly Conducive”. On the other hand, the BSED

students perceived theirs as “Most Conducive.” Based on the

results, classroom climate has influenced the academic performance

of the students.

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Involvement of teacher(s) (Local Study)

Esguerra (2019) The involvement in co-curricular activities is also

positively related to student’s academic achievement wherein these

activities are helpful in getting achievements on studies. It is also

found that the teacher’s involvement is a major factor in the

student’s academic performance.

RELATED LITERATURE

Benefits of a healthy class environment (Foreign literature)

Philemon patrick (2016) suggests that a good environment of

classroom develops critical thinking, problem solving skill,

punctuality, self-discipline, leadership skills, confidence and

honesty.

Certain factors (foreign literature)

Okoro (2017), these factors can be classified into three broad

categories: the Hereditary and Physiological factors, the

Psychological factors, and the Environmental factors. Each of these

categories are like tree with many branches, environmental factors

for example can be sub-divided into; home factors, school related

factors, teacher related factors and societal factors.

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Effect of previous events to the academic field (local

literature)

Mangigin (2023) Education is life and the school puts life in it.

However, the school environment all over the world has been

confronted by tremendous factors such as pandemic, calamities,

conflicts, stress, diversities and other challenges which need to be

addressed by authorities concerned. Psychosocial environmental

disruption in education is one of the vital issues that need to be

taken into consideration since it may adversely affect the teaching

and learning processes and the schools’ human and material

resources.

Classroom as a physical factor (local literature)

The Philippines needs to ramp up its investments on school

infrastructure, as the country continues to lag behind, and the

widening gap is impacting learning outcome among students.

SYNTHESIS

The research, Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning Environment in

the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A of Mariano Marcos, A. Y. –

2023 – 2024 and the literature and studies mentioned here goes by

identifying two (2) main themes which is the: Physical and Mental

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factors. And as hypothesized said factors do have effect, A good

environment of a classroom develops critical thinking, problem

solving skill, punctuality, self-discipline, leadership skills, confidence

and honesty (Philemon patrick, 2016). Said factors contributes to

two (2) meanings of a “good student”, First: being self disciplined,

being honest and having leadership skills which a person will have

and can use as they grow older, for example when a person aims to

be an entrepreneur or a businessman/woman leadership is

important as that person will be interacting with a lot of its

colleagues or workers, And it is one (1) of the things that makes a

businessman/woman or an entrepreneur successful. This also

makes a student be trustworthy to its classmates and teachers and

this is one of requirements that an academia finds within a student

regarding “Good moral”. Second: Having good grades as problem

solving skills, critical thinking, and confidence which is actually

taught to students and the research had experienced this, Though it

also relies on the environment of a student, if he/she is insecure or

has personal problems with his/her classmates this can affect its

confidence which is only few of the factors, And as the year

suggest: A. Y. 2023 – 2024. The year this research Factors

Affecting a Healthy Learning Environment in the Classroom of Grade

12 – BPP A, is being conducted after a global pandemic which

significantly affected a lot of fields and especially the academic field,

the school environment all over the world has been confronted by

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tremendous factors such as pandemic, calamities, conflicts, stress,

diversities and other challenges which need to be addressed by

authorities concerned. Psychosocial environmental disruption in

education is one of the vital issues that need to be taken into

consideration since it may adversely affect the teaching and

learning processes (Mangigin, 2023). Through the past years the

previous factors possibly may have changed, TSRs is now a factor

as student is posted with unfamiliarity and can be a hindrance to

have an in-depth understanding on what is being taught by a

teacher, Hierarchy of academic might not be diverse as students is

engage in online classes, but for the grade 12 senior high school it

might eventually change or it is changing now. The studies and

literature provided many insights for physical and mental factors

though it is missing on what different personal factors that one

student that came to change whilst the past years and the present

that contributes in making a classroom healthy, Overall the

literature and studies provided enough background information and

does tie to the current research: Factors Affecting a Healthy

Learning Environment in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP A.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter of the research, the methods used by the research

will be explained thoroughly, this includes the following: Research

design, Methodology, Sample, Data collection (research

instrument), Data analysis, Validity and reliability, Ethical

considerations, Limitations, Recommendations for future

researchers

RESEARCH DESIGN

The mixed method is the one in used, it is the mixture of qualitative

and quantitative designs, it is used as it has the characteristics

fitting for the research: Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning

Environment in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A of Mariano

Marcos, A. Y. – 2023 – 2024, the certain characteristics consist of

faster data gathering, background information, which enhances the

quality and reliability of the research, Mixed methods research is

often considered advantageous because it combines both qualitative

and quantitative approaches, allowing researchers to gain a more

comprehensive understanding of a research question. This approach

enables the exploration of complex phenomena by providing depth

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and breadth to the study. Qualitative data can offer insights into the

context and nuances, while quantitative data can provide statistical

validation and generalizability. The integration of these methods can

enhance the overall validity and reliability of the research findings,

leading to a more robust and nuanced understanding of the

research problem.

This was also explained by: (Cresswell, 2017), this method (mixed

method) entails gathering and examining narrative (qualitative) as

well as numerical data (quantitative) in order to develop a more

thorough grasp of the study problem. Shalonda Skidmore (2023)

also emphasized that, Mixed methods research can most easily be

identified by the following characteristics: Collection and analysis of

both quantitative and qualitative data

Integration of the data during the collection process

Theoretical model(s) serving as a research framework

Regarding the Quantitative and qualitative, As explained by the

research both has its own benefits which the researchers will

exploit,

Quantitative is known to be better than qualitative as it is faster and

wider on the data gathering category, this essentially makes the

research more reliable, but it lacks background, Subsequently

Qualitative method engages on having a lot of open ended

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questions that provides deeper thoughts and explanation making a

reliable background of the data, Essentially According to Ivankova,

N. V. (2014) in mixed methods research, combining quantitative

and qualitative approaches enhances the overall understanding of a

research question. Qualitative data provides depth and context,

while quantitative data offers statistical validation and

generalizability. Integrating both methods improves the research’s

validity and reliability, leading to a more comprehensive and

nuanced exploration of the research problem. As said both has its

own benefits that the researchers can freely exploit.

RESEARCH METHOD

The research method for this research is the quantitative method:

DESCRIPTIVE, descriptive research method is used to depict,

describe the characteristics of a specific phenomenon,

characteristics, or event, its primary goal is to accurately portray of

what is being observed without manipulating its variables, Another

researcher also emphasized that, (Neuman, 2014) A descriptive

research design is a research methodology that aims to accurately

depict or summarize a phenomena or the features of a group,

circumstance or event by adressing the: What, When, Where, How

questions, this method seeks to describe the situation as it is right

now without manipulating variables.

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Regarding the factors affecting a healthy environment of Grade 12

BPP – A senior high school students of MMMHS, The researchers

used: Descriptive method because it can effectively capture and

describe various aspects of the classroom environment including its

physical environment, teacher-student interactions, Also using

descriptive methods like survey, observations, interviews or

questionnaire allows the researcher to systematically collect data.

These methods can help in cataloging and detailing the various

factors present within the classroom that might impact its

healthiness, whether it’s aspects like lighting, seating

arrangements, social interactions, teaching methodologies, or any

other relevant elements.

POPULATION

The population can be defined as the entire group that the

researchers aims to observe/study, Regarding the research: Factors

Affecting a Healthy Learning Environment in the Classroom of Grade

12 – BPP – A of Mariano Marcos, A. Y. – 2023 – 2024, The

population will consist of senior high school students from BPP – 12

– A of MMMHS.

SAMPLE SIZE

A sample size of 40 is suitable since it ensures a concentrated

analysis and is proportionate to the size of Mariano Marcos Grade

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12-BPP A,B,C class. Given the specifics inquiry on what influences a

good learning environment, larger sample numbers may not be

necessary. A smaller, more manageable sample also makes it

possible to collect and analyze data more thoroughly, which

improves the validity and dependability of the study’s findings.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Purposive sampling is the method used to select respondents

Another researcher emphasized that (Parvati,2023) PURPOSIVE

SAMPLING is using the purposive sampling method, samples are

chosen from the total sample size according to the survey

participant’s or researcher’s judgment. Put differently, a purposive

sample is one that is gathered in accordance with the specifications

of the examination, survey, or study that it will be utilized for. To

put it more clearly: Assume for the moment that you need to gather

specific examples of “businesses started in 2022 that require a chat

bot for the website.” Here, the phrase “businesses started in 2022”

is crucial. Therefore, any company that began operations prior to

2022 will be automatically removed from your sample. The next

thing you’ll notice is who’s website already has a chat bot. The

companies that do not have it are likewise excluded from your final

sample, leaving you with companies that were founded in 2022,

Another researcher emphasized that (Kassiani, 2023)Also called

judgmental sampling, this sampling method relies on the

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researcher’s judgment when identifying and selecting the

individuals, cases, or events that can provide the best information

to achieve the study’s objectives. With purposive sampling, The

researchers can choose respondents fitting for the research, in this

time the senior high school students of BPP-12-A, In this way the

best information will be achieved.

THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The study participants. Our research, which focuses mostly on

Grade 12 students, is centered on the active academic community

at Mariano Marcos Memorial High School. There are 20 male and 20

female participants in the sample, which represents a balanced

representation of the two genders. Additionally, respondents fall

between the age range of 17 to 18 years old, ensuring a targeted

investigation of the experiences and viewpoints of this particular

group.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

A questionnaire incorporated in online technology (ONLINE SURVEY

VIA: DOCS.GOOGLE.COM) is used as the main data-gathering

instrument, The instrument is specifically set to answer the

statement of the problem: The Factors Affecting a Healthy Learning

Environment in the Classroom of Grade 12 – BPP – A, The

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questionnaire contains 20 question and to be distributed to the

respondents

The data gathering Instrument is fixed with 15 CLOSE-ENDED

QUESTIONS, Answer choices of the respondents consist of a:

checkbox grid where the choices are: STRONGLY AGREE, AGREE,

NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, DISAGREE, STRONGLY

DISAGREE, RARELY, OCCASIONALLY, FREQUENTLY, ALWAYS,

SOMETIMES, OFTEN, YES, NO, NOT OBSERVED, this answer choices

are from different questions summed up, Subsequently FIVE (5)

OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS follow as elaborative questions, This

legend will greatly help the researchers to analyze the results of the

data gathered.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Online surveys are the selected means of gathering data. Since it is

user-friendly and efficient, allowing participants to participate in the

study whenever it is convenient for them, this method was found to

be the most appropriate. This choice of using an online survey

corresponds with the target population’s level of technological

competence and allows for a smooth user experience with the

research tool.

DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

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Using the data gathered from the survey questionnaire, The data

analysis plan would cover a large amount of procedure leading to

findings or result of the study regarding: Factors Affecting A

Healthy Learning Environment Of Grade 12-BPP-A, the list

referring to procedures consist of:

1. Using bar graphs and pie graphs to summarize quantitative

data, which will be interpreted by the researchers and be

based on information received from the online survey

2. Researchers interpretation of qualitative data, Referring

understanding and likeliness of different answers, Both

quantitative and qualitative data will be used to identify the

different factors provided by the students, what are its effect,

is it positive or negative, does the certain factors provided in

the survey affects the learning environment and experience,

From this a checkbox grid is used to identify its effect, The

checkbox grid choice range and corresponding points is given

example:

LEGEND SCALE INTERPRETATION

CHOICES SCALE

STRONGLY AGREE 5+

AGREE 2.5+

NEITHER AGREE NOR 1±

DISAGREE

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 DISAGREE 2.5-

STRONGLY DISAGREE 5-

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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