EFFECTS OF SCHOOL FACILITIES TO THE LEARNING OUTCOME OF

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS IN MALVAR

Fulgencio, Joana Marie V.

Nacino Jr., Gerardo G.

Caniño, Erika S.

Braga, Justin Red T.

 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM

This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the problem, research

hypothesis, theoretical framework and conceptual framework. It also discusses the scope

and limitations of the study, as well as the significance of the study and definition of

terms.

INTRODUCTION

Education is the most important factor to acquire knowledge and skills that can be

useful in achieving the dreams and goals of an individual. A student must have proper

education for them to be ready in facing their chosen careers. Proper education comes

into an environment that provides all the things needed to perform a certain activity or

task. In other words, the quality of education depends on the quality of the learning

environment itself. This learning environment includes all the facilities and materials that

was part of a student’s life. Since learning environment, also known as school, is also

considered as the education provider for individuals, this must be in proper condition in a

way that it would not give negative impacts on a learner’s performance.

According to Aquino (2008), schools have been examined as a workplace and it is

shown that there is a linkage between working conditions and productivity. Work

environment physical condition such as school buildings in relation to facility (the actual

physical plant), space, maintenance, and safety affect teachers’ ability to perform their

jobs therefore, students’ learning will also be affected. A school environment is effective

if it offers students the opportunity to become productive, to learn and to work with

others which is a very important “real world” skill.

 School is an institution designed to provide spaces and learning environment in

order to sustain a high quality education for the learners. A school will not be a school

without its facilities. School facilities give a substantive impact on learning process. If the

school facilities were not in a good condition, effective teaching-learning process will be

difficult to function. This includes the classroom, comfort room, canteen, faculty room

and etc. (Teacher, 2016).

A classroom is a learning space, a room in which both children and adults learn

about things. It attempts to provide a space where learning can take place uninterrupted

by the distractions outside the room. (Ahrens, 2017) Since this was the place where

students can gain knowledge and skills, it should be maintain and improve by

implementing proper facility management. Facility management will be formulated to

take positive impacts on the student’s performance. This will ensure the safety of

students, staff and visitors. It will also inform others that having a clean and well-

maintained school will create a better relationship between school conditions and student

achievements and behavior.

The researchers conducted this study to determine the relationship between school

facilities and student’s learning outcome since the researchers notice and conclude that

school facilities also play a crucial role and became a significant part in students’

performance in school activities.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study aimed to determine the effects of school facilities to the

learning outcome of Grade 10 learners of the selected schools in Malvar. This was also a
great contribution in finding adequate solutions for the improvement of facilities as well

as the performance of the learners.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the school in terms of :

1.1 Number of years in operation;

1.2 Number of students enrolled; and,

1.3 Number of instructors?

2. How do the following school facilities affect the learning outcomes of Junior

High School learners?

2.1 Classrooms;

2.2 Canteen;

2.3 Library; and,

2.4 Other amenities?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the school and the effects Commented [Office1]: Relationship pa ba o difference na
gagamitin niyo since 2 school nagign respondent?

of school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners?

4. What recommendations may be proposed to the school administration for the

improvement of their school facilities?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The study was guided by the null hypothesis which states that there is no

significant relationship between the profile of the school and the effects of school

facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This theoretical framework is a summary of a theory or model that is related to

the present study about effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High

School learners.

Aptitude, Ability, IQ,

Previous Achievement

Development, Age,
Maturation

Motivation, Affect, Self-

Concept

Instruction : Quality LEARNING

Instruction : Quantity

Curriculum of the Home

Classroom Morale

Peer Group

Mass Media

Figure 1
Walberg’s Theory of Educational Productivity

This research was recognized the Theory of Educational Productivity of Herbert J.

Walberg (1978) wherein these theories are somewhat related to the student’s learning

outcomes in relation to their environment. These theories explain that researchers should

consider factors such as the interaction between family and instructional environments

and performance scores on tests.

Walberg’s model specifies that “Classroom learning is a multiplicative,

diminishing-returns function of four essential factors—student ability and motivation,

and quality and quantity of instruction—and possibly four supplementary or supportive

factors—the social psychological environment of the classroom, education-stimulating

conditions in the home and peer group, and exposure to mass media. Each of the

essential factors appears to be necessary but insufficient by itself for classroom learning;

that is, all four of these factors appear required at least at minimum level. It also appears

that the essential factors may substitute, compensate, or tradeoff for one another in

diminishing rates of return: for example, immense quantities of time may be required for

a moderate amount of learning to occur if motivation, ability, or quality of instruction is

minimal.” (Haertel et al., 1983, p. 76)

In the current context, the first three variables (ability, motivation, and age) reflect

characteristics of the student. The fourth and fifth variables reflect instruction (quantity

and quality), and the final four variables (classroom climate, home environment, peer

group, and exposure to media) represent aspects of the psychological environment

(DiPerna et al., 2002). Clearly student characteristics are important for school learning,

but they only comprise a portion of the learning equation. More importantly, in the

context of the current document, student characteristics (i.e., social, behavioral,

motivational, affective, cognitive, metacognitive) were the set of proximal variables with

the most significant impact on learner outcomes.

To increase educational productivity and efficiency, educational process goals as

well as achievement goals must be considered. Educational process goals are interpreted

to include student perceptions of the social environment, creativity, self-concept,

participation in extra-curricular activities, and interest in subject matter. Ignoring these

perceptions and experiences in favor of traditional goals measured by test scores will

decrease motivation and ultimately lower educational achievement.

The researchers made use of this framework because the Walberg’s Theory of

Educational Productivity is related to the present study as it shows that school

environment is also a factor that can affect student’s learning. If the factors were not

properly recognized, the learner’s ability to learn will be at risk. As what the theory

implies, learning comes from the classroom so it should be in proper condition. Everyone

must give attention much more with the factors to provide the proper learning a student

must have.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

To further analyze and understand how the study was formulated, the researchers

conduct the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model to show and highlight the method used to

come up with the proposed recommendations for the study as shown in Figure 2.

The input box indicates the profile of the school in terms of the number of years

in academe, number of students enrolled and the number of instructors. It also contains

the school facilities that affect the learning outcome of the students such as classrooms,

canteen, and library as well as the amenities of the school.

The process box includes the utilization of the structured survey questionnaires to

gather the information needed in this study. It also shows the significant relationship

between the profile of the school and the effects of its facilities to the learning outcome of

Junior High School learners. The output box indicates the proposed recommendations to

Malvar National High School for the improvement of school facilities.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Effects Of School
Facilities To The
Learning Outcome Of
Junior High School
Learners In Malvar

Profile of the school :

 Utilization of
 Number of structured survey
years questionnaires
 Proposed
established
recommendations
 Number of  Relationship
to Malvar National
students analysis between
High School and
enrolled the profile of the
Santiago National
 Number of school and the
High School for the
instructors effects of school
improvement of
Effects on the facilities to the
school facilities
respondents’ learning learning outcome

outcome of the of Junior High

following school School learners

facilities:

 Classroom
 Canteen
 Library
 Other
amenities
Figure 2
Research Paradigm
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study provides data on the effects of school facilities to the learning outcomes

of Junior High School learners. The overview of this current research study would be a

great contribution to the consciousness of all regarding the relationship of the school

facilities and the students’ performance. The findings of this study will be beneficial to

the government officials, school heads and administrators, school instructors, parents,

students, and to the future researchers.

To the Government Officials, this may serve as their basis for establishing new

projects in relation to school improvements. With the result of this study, they will be

provided with information which may raise their awareness on the current conditions of

facilities within their locality.

To the School Head and Administrators, this will provide vital information about

the students’ performance while dealing with their learning environment. The results of

this study can make them become aware of the importance of healthy learning

environment in the process of learning of the students.

To the School Instructors, this will assist them in improving their students’

performance by organizing their facilities especially the class’s study room. With this

study, they will become aware that having a better school management and maintenance

can also be helpful in improving students’ academic outcome. Also, they will be enticed

to manage their advisory classroom properly.

To the parents, this study will be beneficial to them for they could properly

choose an accurate institution that has a better facility for the learners. With this study,
they will be conscious to the factors that affect their son/daughter’s performance. By

these, teachers and parents will unite to have an adequate solution regarding this matter.

To the students, the findings of this study will inform them regarding the effects

of school facilities to their learning outcomes, thus coping with the factors that lead to the

improvement of their performance. This would also help them think of ways on how to

avoid those effects that gives negative impacts on them.

To the Future Researchers, this study will serve as basis and pattern in conducting

researches that was similar and related to this study. This will also guide them in

determining the effects of school facilities to the learning outcomes of Junior High

School learners.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This research study was focused on determining the effects of school facilities to

the learning outcomes of Junior High School learners in Malvar. The researchers

considered working on this study to find out if the learning environment of the students

has an impact to their performance. The school facilities and amenities of Malvar

National High School are chosen as the subject of the study.

The study employed a total of fifty (50) grade 10 learners enrolled in two selected

schools in Malvar for the School Year 2017-2018. The student respondents were

composed of twenty-five (25) students from Malvar National High School and twenty-

five (25) students from Santiago National High School. The researchers believed that the

chosen respondents can give adequate and accurate information that will be essential in

the success of this undertaking.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms used in this study are presented with their conceptual and

operational definitions for the readers to better understand the current research study.

Canteen. It is a great place to promote an enjoyment of healthy eating (DOH, 2013).

Operationally, it is the place responsible for supplying healthy and nutritious foods to

students as well as to the teachers.

Classroom – According to the Room Type Code (RTC), it is a room used for classes that

is also not tied to a specific subject or discipline by equipment in the room or

configuration of the room. Operationally, it is the place where learning of the students

takes place uninterrupted by the outside distractions.

Learning Outcome – are statements of what a learner is expected to know, understand,

and/or be able to demonstrate at the end of a period of learning. Those are explicit

statements about the outcomes of learning – the result of learning (Adam, 2004).

Operationally, it is defined as the academic performance of the learner and his/her

average grade in all the subjects at the previous school year which will be used to

determine the performance of the students in the chosen school.

Library – is a collection of resources in a variety of formats that is (1) organized by

information professionals or other experts who (2) provide convenient physical, digital,

bibliographic, or intellectual access and (3) offer targeted services and programs (4) with

the mission of educating, informing, or entertaining a variety of audiences (5) and the

goal of stimulating individual learning and advancing society as a whole (Eberhart,

2010). In this study, library is defined as the place where students go during their free
time to do their homework or other activities. Also, this is the place where books and

other modules and materials are compiled for the student’s references of their lessons.

School Facilities – can be defined as those things that enable the teacher to do his/her

work very well and helping the learners to learn effectively. They are designed to

enhance the process of teaching (Teacher, 2016). In this study, school facilities are those

areas that comprise the full concept of a school such as classrooms, comfort rooms,

canteen, faculty room and etc. It also includes all the instructional materials used in

providing knowledge for the students.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature which provides background

and useful insights to the present study.

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE

This section of the study provides further explanation and support to the present

study. The researchers gathered information from different books, journals and references

that are significant and related with the current research study.

School facility. According to Lackney (2017), an effective school facility is

responsive to the changing programs of educational delivery, and at a minimum should

provide a physical environment that is comfortable, safe, secure, accessible, well

illuminated, well ventilated, and aesthetically pleasing. The school facility consists of not

only the physical structure and the variety of building systems, such as mechanical,

plumbing, electrical and power, telecommunications, security, and fire suppression

systems. The facility also includes furnishings, materials and supplies, equipment and

information technology, as well as various aspects of the building grounds, namely,

athletic fields, playgrounds, areas for outdoor learning, and vehicular access and parking.

In addition, the school facility is much more than a passive container of the

educational process: it is, rather, an integral component of the conditions of learning. The

layout and design of a facility contributes to the place experience of students, educators,

and community members. Depending on the quality of its design and management, the

facility can contribute to a sense of ownership, safety and security, personalization and

control, privacy as well as sociality, and spaciousness or crowdedness. When planning,

designing, or managing the school facility, these facets of place experience should, when

possible, be taken into consideration.

Maintaining school facilities is important to provide high-quality education

programs. More important, by investing in strong preventative maintenance programs,

school facilities can continue to serve students for long periods of time. Modernization of

school facilities has faced a number of new challenges in recent years with the advent of

the personal computer. As new technologies are increasingly integrated into programs of

instruction, the ability to adequately finance the acquisition of this equipment and to have

the infrastructure in each school to support this technology is also important (Picus,

2017).

Moreover, Rita Pin Ahrens, the director of education policy for the Southeast Asia

Resource Action Center, states that students need to be in classrooms that inspire them—

spaces that are light, airy, and filled with examples of work that they aspire to do. Each

school must have a variety of spacious classroom settings (Glatter et al., 2016).

Additionally, some will be more traditional in the way that we envision

classrooms now, but others might be set up outside or within an atrium or amphitheater.

There might be desks, cushions, or benches arranged in rows or circles—however the

teachers want them, as not every classroom will follow a template. Each classroom will

be set up based on what is necessary to meet learning objectives. But schools will

prioritize configuring classes to inspire learning first and foremost, and, where

appropriate, reflect the diversity of environments that students are exposed to outside a

school setting. Students will have beautiful spaces that make them feel good to be at
school—with art, living plants, music where appropriate, comfortable seating, and fast

internet access.

According to the Department of Health (2013), school canteen is a great place to

promote an enjoyment of healthy eating. For students who use the canteen regularly, the

food purchased makes a significant contribution to their total food intake and nutrition;

therefore it makes sense to ensure the best food possible is available to enhance their

ability to learn and take in the information presented to them in class.

The school environment plays an important role in nurturing and sustaining good

eating habits. Most students consume at least one snack or one meal in their school

canteen on most days of the week over a period of several years. (Lin, 2015)

According to Teamwork (2015), school library is a place in the school where vast

collections of academic books are kept. These books are made available to the students to

increase their knowledge and understanding on various subjects. A school library plays a

great role in the life of a student. It is the store house of knowledge. In a library, students

can find books on various subjects such as history, geography, environment, political

science, literature, etc. A school library exhibits positive impact on the academic

achievement of the student. Students can perform better during examination by reading

various books.

In addition to this, library plays a very important role in promoting the progress of

knowledge (Jayanath, 2008). There are mainly two sections in a library. They are the

lending section and the reference section. Any member can borrow books from the

lending section. Nonmembers too can use the reference section. They are allowed to enter

the section free of charge. They can takedown notes from the books. In addition to these
two sections, there is another section in a library. Here any one can do his or her studies

under a calm and quiet environment. This section is called “The study room”. Some

students find it very difficult to do their studies at their homes due to various reasons.

This section is particularly useful for such students.

Moreover, Queensland Government (2014) states that “school library is integral

to the teaching and learning process.” The school library facilitates the work of the

classroom teacher and ensures each student has equitable access to resources, irrespective

of home opportunities or constraints.

Commented [Office2]: Profile ng school? Syempre pag bagong

school la pa masydo facilities o amenties lalo public schools diba

SYNTHESIS

The conceptual literature found in the previous pages is related to this study

because they provide information that help the researchers to fully comprehend technical

concepts and terms about the variables of the study.

The literatures of Lackney and Picus discusses that school facility is considered as

a passive container of the educational process that consist of the physical environment as

well as the instructional materials. This learning environment should be secure,

comfortable, and safe for the students to make them learn more effectively. Having an

effective school facility will provide high quality education that will be useful in

achieving their goals. Effective school facility must be maintained and improved to

provide proper educational learning to the students in a long span of time they spent in

schooling. Aside from school facility, instructional materials are also essential in the

process of learning as these gives the students the chance and time to acquire and

discover new knowledge as well as the skills.

 Moreover, Glatter’s literature explains the concept of the classroom wherein the

things needed by the students are present. In the concept of the classroom, students’

ability to learn must be considered. A classroom is the place where they could find

inspirations to work for a thing they aspire to do. It aims to inspire learning first and

foremost, and should be improved to meet the learning objectives. Schools must

implement programs for the improvement of the learning environment because students’

learning outcome depends on the conditions of the place where he/she performs the

responsibility of a student.

Additionally, DOH and Lin discusses that school environment play an important

role in nurturing and sustaining good eating habits. School canteen provides healthy

foods that are needed to enhance the students’ ability to learn and able to take in the

information and all the lessons that their teachers have discussed to them in class.

Lastly, Teamwork, Jayanath and Queensland Government conclude that school

library plays a great role in the life of a student. In a library, you can find books and other

materials that can help the students in their academic performance. Also, the books in this

section of the school help the students to increase their knowledge and understanding of

various subjects. This section is for the students who want to do their studies under a

calm and quiet environment. School library gives references and resources that can be

useful in the learning of a student.

RESEARCH LITERATURE

Selected research literature or related studies which are presented and discussed in

the following paragraphs was relevant to the present research study.

 According to Owoeye (2011), school facilities were the most potent determinant

of academic achievement. Facilities in terms of qualifications of personnel, who are

directly involved in the pedagogy; laboratory, library, school buildings, chairs/tables,

administrative blocks, chalk-board, school maps and the likes are very crucial to high

academic attainment. Achievement is a function of availability of facilities to students in

unity schools compared with public schools.

The aesthetic beauty of the school significantly influences students’ academic

performance. There exists a significant influence of school infrastructures on students’

academic performance. That is students from schools with good infrastructure perform

better academically than students from schools with poor infrastructure. School

equipment/instructional materials significantly influence students’ academic

performance. On the issue of the location of the school, students from urban schools

perform better than students from the rural school (Koreye, 2016).

According to Aranez and Cruzat (2014), one of the components of educative

process is the classroom where the process of education takes place. Teachers provide a

classroom that serve as a laboratory for learners to be trained for responsibility, personal

decision and choice. Classrooms must be conducive enough so that learning would take

place in a desirable way without taking much time and effort. A well-managed classroom

makes the students appreciate the value of time. This gives the students rich opportunities

for mental growth and development. Furthermore, good classroom management makes

and produces favorable working conditions conducive to learning; it also makes the

classroom activities enjoyable and interesting for the learners.

SYNTHESIS

All studies reviewed by the researchers are relevant to the current study. Their

similarities and differences were discussed in the next paragraphs.

Like the present undertaking, the study mode by Owoeye chose public school as

the subject of the study to determine the areas of the school that must be improved. The

researchers of the past study concluded that the availability of facilities has a significant

relationship to students’ achievement and performance while on the present study the

researchers conclude that there is no significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the effects of school facilities to the learning outcomes of the learners.

The study of Koreye is related to the current research study as it implies that there

is exists a significant influence of school infrastructures on students’ academic

performance where the present study tries to imply that is really a significant relationship

between the two. Also, the researcher of the past study states that school

equipment/instructional materials significantly influence the student’s performance. On

the other hand, the present study includes instructional materials as one of the factors that

influence the learning outcomes of the students.

The present study was connected and aligned to the study of Aranez and Cruzat.

The previous study conclude that there must be a good classroom management to make a

favorable working conditions conducive to learning, while the result current study

includes the proposed recommendation for the improvement of school environment. The

researchers of the past study includes classroom as a factor that affect the process of

education while on this present study, classroom is included as one of the variables of

school facilities that affects the student’s learning outcomes.

 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, sampling

design, measurement and instrumentation, research procedures and data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study aimed to determine the effects of school facilities to the learning

outcome of grade 10 learners in the selected schools in Malvar. The data will be collected

with the use of structured questionnaires especially designed for this undertaking.

Burns and Grove (2003) define a research design as “a blueprint for conducting a

study with maximum control over factors that may interfere with the validity of the

findings”. This study which deals with the learning outcome of Junior High School

students in relation with the condition of the school facilities is a quantitative research

conducted using descriptive research method.

According to Rangarjan (2013), as the design which aims “to describe

characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied”, it was the most appropriate

method to be used since researcher-constructed questionnaire was utilized to obtain the

data needed to answer the questions posted in this study.

The researchers chose the descriptive research method because they believe that

with the use of this method, data and information that will be gathered from the desired

respondents at the current time that the study will be formulated are all true, reliable and

helpful in obtaining proper responses that can be used to conduct recommendations for

the subjects. The researchers believed that the descriptive method is appropriate in the

study because its main goal is to describe the data and characteristics about the subject

being studied.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Malvar National High School and Santiago National High School were chosen as

the subjects of the research locale of the study as researchers found that this will give

appropriate and precise information about the chosen topic. These schools were known to

have well-maintained facility that is why the data that the researchers will collect are

surely relevant and reliable in application.

The respondents of the study were the Grade 10 students from Malvar National

High School and Santiago National High School. The researchers obtain twenty-five (25)

respondents in each school to assure the reliability of this undertaking. The total

respondents of the study were 50 Grade 10 learners of Malvar.

SAMPLING DESIGN

The research study utilized non-probability sampling in determining the

respondents. A total of 50 respondents were set by the researchers before data gathering.

The respondents of the study are the bona fide Grade 10 students of Malvar National

High School and Santiago National High School that were available and present during

the time when the survey was accompanied. In order to select the respondents, purposive

sampling design was used by the researchers.

Purposive sampling (also known as judgment, selective, or subjective sampling) is

a sampling technique in which researchers rely on his or her own judgment when

choosing members of population to participate in the study. (John Dudovsky, 2012)

Researchers often believe that they can obtain a representative sample by using a sound

judgment, which will result in saving time and money.

MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION

The researchers, in order to attain the objectives, used self-administered

questionnaires to let the respondents take time and ponder on answering the questions.

Items in the questionnaire that were based on the statement of the problem presented in

this study, is consists of the conditions of the school facilities that gives impact to the

learning outcome of the learners such as classroom, canteen, and library as well as the

amenities of the school.

In the constructed questionnaire, the respondents were requested to rate each item

on a four (4) point rating scale with their designated verbal interpretation.

Numerical Rating

Value Mean Ranges Verbal Interpretation

4 3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree / Highly Observed

3 2.50 – 3.49 Agree / Observed

2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree / Slightly Observed

1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree / Not Observed

RESEARCH PROCEDURES

The researchers wanted to determine the effects of school facilities to the learning

outcome of Junior High School learners in Malvar. The researchers chose this topic for

they came from a school that was newly-established and they wanted to know if this has

an effect on students’ performances so they looked for a school that has well-established

facilities to further explore the impacts of learning environments.

 The researchers went to a library to look for the related studies and gather the data

that was needed for the study. This data served as a basis for their research study and

questionnaire. The researchers conduct a self-administered questionnaire as the data

gathering instrument. To improve the content and ensure the clarity of the items, the draft

of the questionnaire were presented to the thesis adviser for some corrections,

suggestions, verification on the context and further improvement. After the validation of

the questionnaire, the researchers conduct a letter for the principal of Malvar National

High School and Santiago National High School and their parental consent to begin the

distribution of questionnaires to the student respondents.

At first, the letter was given to the principal of the school where the survey takes

place to obtain permission in conducting the survey. Upon approval, the researchers

distribute the questionnaires to fifty (50) respondents for the actual survey personally.

After gathering the questionnaires, tabulation followed. Then, the researchers

used an application for the computation of the tabulated data. In order to have a better

result, the researchers looked for the data that are related to their study. Their research

literatures were composed of data which was derived from the published and unpublished

materials and other sources. The data that were obtained from books were used as the

conceptual literature of the study.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data gathered will be classified, tallied and tabulated using the following

statistical tool.
 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE. These were used to determine the profile

of the school in terms of the school number of years established, number of students

enrolled and the number of instructors.

WEIGHTED MEAN. This was used to determine the assessment of the

respondents towards the effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior

High School learners in Malvar.

Commented [Office3]: Ano state method ginamit for sop 3?

 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of

Junior High School learners in Malvar. It contains the presentation, analysis and

interpretation of the collected data using the survey questionnaire to answer the specific

in the Chapter I of this study.

1. Profile of the School

1.1 Number of Years Established. The profile of the school in terms of

number of years established was determined and interpreted using the frequency and

percentage. Table 4.1.1 presents the frequency distribution of the schools according to

number of years established.

Table 4.1.1 Commented [Office4]: Follow table format for all

Profile of the School in terms of Number of Years Established

Number of Years Established Frequency Percentage

10-50 years 1 50

Less than 10 years 1 50

TOTAL 2 100

The table above shows the school’s profile in terms of number of years

established. It is clearly shown that among the two selected schools, 50 percent are

established by 10-50 years obtaining a frequency of 1. It is followed by the other school

which was less than 10 years established as indicated by the percentage it obtained which

is also 50 percent and a frequency of 1.

The researchers analyzed the results and they have realized that Malvar is still in

progress that is why the number of school in the municipality is still growing as years
passed by. Schools are built according to the needs of the constituents of the place

covered by the municipality.

According to Lackney (2017), the school facility is much more than a passive

container of the educational process: it is, rather, an integral component of the conditions

of learning. The layout and design of a facility contributes to the place experience of

students, educators, and community members.

1.2 Number of Students Enrolled. The profile of the school in terms of

number of students enrolled was determined and interpreted using the frequency and

percentage. Table 4.1.2 presents the frequency distribution of the schools according to the

number of students enrolled.

Table 4.1.2 Commented [Office5]: Follow Format above

Profile of the School in terms of Number of Students Enrolled

Number of Students Enrolled Frequency Percentage

1500-2000 students 1 50

Less than 1500 students 1 50

TOTAL 2 100

As shown in the preceding table, one out of the two schools (50%) has 1500-2000

students enrolled. Meanwhile, the other 50 percent are the school with less than 1500

students enrolled.

The study implies the school that has 1500-2000 students enrolled is the school

that has a wider learning environment. This is to provide the quality education that each

student must obtain to ensure the school’s capability to handle a greater number of

learners.
 Moreover, Rita Pin Ahrens, the director of education policy for the Southeast Asia

Resource Action Center, states that students need to be in classrooms that inspire them—

spaces that are light, airy, and filled with examples of work that they aspire to do. Each

school must have a variety of spacious classroom settings (Glatter et al., 2016).

1.3 Number of Instructors. The profile of the school in terms of number of

instructors was determined and interpreted using the frequency and percentage. Table

4.1.3 presents the frequency distribution of the schools according to the number of

instructors.

Table 4.1.3 Commented [Office6]: Follow Format above

Profile of the School in terms of Number of Instructors

Number of Instructors Frequency Percentage

40-100 instructors 1 50

Less than 40 instructors 1 50

TOTAL 2 100

The table above shows the school’s profile in terms of number of instructors. Fifty

percent of school has 40-100 instructors with a frequency of 1 and fifty percent has less

than 40 instructors with a frequency of 1 also.

The result shows that in a more developed school, there must be a greater number

of instructors to accommodate large number of students just like the school that has 40-

100 instructors, enough to teach 1500-2000 students. Number of instructors must be

enough for the students to obtain an effective teaching-learning process.

According to Owoeye (2011), school facilities were the most potent determinant

of academic achievement. Facilities in terms of qualifications of personnel, who are

directly involved in the pedagogy; laboratory, library, school buildings, chairs/tables,

administrative blocks, chalk-board, school maps and the likes are very crucial to high

academic attainment.

2. Respondents’ Assessment on the Effects of School Facilities to their Learning

Outcome

The following tables present the assessment of the respondents on the effects of

school facilities such as classroom, canteen, library and amenities to their learning

outcome.

2.1 Classroom. This refers to the facility where learning usually takes place.

The table below illustrates the assessment of the respondents on the effects of classroom

to their learning outcome.

Table 4.2.1 Commented [Office7]: Follow table title and format plus
legend below for all tables. Bawal maputol table
Assessment of the Respondents on the Effects of Classroom To Their Learning
Outcome

STATEMENT MNHS SNHS

I learn better because our room… WM VI WM VI
1. Is well-ventilated. 3 Agree 2.92 Agree
2. Has enough space for the whole
2.72 Agree 2.88 Agree
class.
3. Has sufficient space for everyone. 2.4 Disagree 2.8 Agree
4. Has installed equipment/tools for
learning (chalkboard, TV, projector, 3.32 Agree 3.12 Agree
etc.)
5. Is always clean 2.76 Agree 2.6 Agree
Observe Commented [Office8]: Follow the verbal interpretation above.
Composite Mean 2.84 2.86 Observed
d Instead of affected, use observe etc. revise in the discussion

Legend: MNHS – Malvar National High School SNHS – Santiago National High School
WM – Weighted Mean VI – Verbal Interpretation
Based on the result, the highest weighted mean was obtained by the statement Commented [Office9]: Top 2 low 1 discuss for each school.
Two 2 highest rated statements at lowest rated statement ialagay
sa discussion WITH JUSTIFICATION AFTER. Follow this for all
“Has installed equipment/tools for learning (chalkboard, TV, projector, etc.)” which variables
garnered mean values of 3.32 assessed by the students of Malvar National High School

and 3.12 assessed by the students of Santiago National High School and interpreted as

agree. It means that the equipment/tools used for teaching provide help for the students to

understand the topics even more.

As supported by Koreye (2016), school equipment/instructional materials

significantly influence students’ academic performance. On the issue of the location of

the school, students from urban schools perform better than students from the rural

school.

The second highest weighted mean was obtained by the statement “Is well-

ventilated” as assessed by Malvar National High School students garnering a mean value

of 3 and also assessed by Santiago National High School students with a mean value of

2.92 and interpreted as agree. The result denotes that classroom with a spacious and

ventilated environment will surely give positive feedback on the student’s learning

outcome.

It was supported by Glatter et al. (2016) in which he cited the statement of Rita

Pin Ahrens, the director of education policy for the Southeast Asia Resource Action

Center, that students need to be in classrooms that inspire them—spaces that are light,

airy, and filled with examples of work that they aspire to do. Each school must have a

variety of spacious classroom settings.

Lastly, the statement “Has sufficient space for everyone”. This statement was

assessed by the students of Malvar National High School with a mean average of 2.4 and

also assessed by the students of Santiago National High School with a mean average of

2.8 and has an interpretation of disagree and agree respectively which results to their
lowest weighted mean among other statements. The result implies that the classroom has

become crowded because of the greater number of the students enrolled in it. By that, the

students’ ability to learn is affected by the crowdedness of the learning environment.

It can be observed from the table above that the learning outcome of the

students from Malvar National High School is “Affected” by the classroom in the

composite mean of 2.84. The learning outcome of the students of Santiago National High

School is also interpreted as “Affected” in the composite mean of 2.86.

2.2 Canteen. This refers to the facility that provides foods for the students to

become focused on their studies. The table below illustrates the assessment of the

respondents on the effects of canteen to their learning outcome.

The table below shows the learning outcome of the students of Malvar National

High School is “Affected” with the composite mean of 2.67. The learning outcome of the

students of Santiago National High Scholl is also “Affected” by the canteen in the

composite mean of 2.84.

Table 4.2.2
Assessment of the Respondents on the Effects of Canteen
To Their Learning Outcome

MNHS SNHS
STATEMENT

I learn better because our canteen…

WM VI WM VI

1. Provides nutritious foods that

2.64 Agree 2.76 Agree
helps me become alive during
 class.
2. Offers drinks and other
beverages that keep me awake 2.76 Agree 2.8 Agree
or energetic during class.
3. Provides different variety of
foods that gives us options on
2.64 Agree 2.8 Agree
what our body needs to absorb
to become alert in class.
4. Has enough supply of foods for
2.8 Agree 3 Agree
us.
5. Follows prescribed sanitation
practices (servers wearing
2.52 Agree 2.84 Agree
hairnet or hand gloves when
handling foods)

Composite Mean 2.67 Affected 2.84 Affected

Legend: WM – Weighted Mean

VI – Verbal Interpretation

The statement “Has enough supply of foods for us” was assessed by the students

of Santiago National High School which obtained the highest mean value of 3 while the

students of Malvar National High School obtained a mean value of 2.8 and verbally

interpreted as agree. With a school canteen that provides enough supply of foods,

students will be more focused on their studies and will give positive feedback to their

learning outcome.

As supported by the Department of Health (2013), school canteen is a great place

to promote an enjoyment of healthy eating. For students who use the canteen regularly,

the food purchased makes a significant contribution to their total food intake and
nutrition; therefore it makes sense to ensure the best food possible is available to enhance

their ability to learn and take in the information presented to them in class.

Santiago National High School students attained the second highest weighted

mean in the statement “Follows prescribed sanitation practices (servers wearing hairnet

or hand gloves when handling foods)” with a mean value of 2.84 while Malvar National

High School students obtained the mean value of 2.52 which was the lowest weighted

mean and interpreted as agree. It means that proper sanitation practices are really

important to school canteen though it was not regularly practiced. The result also states

that if the canteen fails to provide cleaner and safe foods for the school, the students

learning outcome might be at risk since students buy their snacks to canteen most of time

based on the statement of Lin (2015) which states that the school environment plays an

important role in nurturing and sustaining good eating habits. Most students consume at

least one snack or one meal in their school canteen on most days of the week over a

period of several years.

2.3 Library. It is defined as the facility which provides books or other

instructional materials or modules for the students and teachers. The table below

illustrates the assessment of the respondents on the effects of library to their learning

outcome.

Table 4.2.3
Assessment of the Respondents on the Effects of Library
To Their Learning Outcome

STATEMENT
MNHS SNHS
I learn better because our library…
 WM VI WM VI

1. Contains books of different

fields (history, science, math, 2.72 Agree 2.48 Disagree
etc.).
2. Provides the space and silence
2.48 Disagree 2.24 Disagree
I need when studying.
3. Has a large space for students
who want to study and do 2.2 Disagree 2.24 Disagree
assignments.
4. Is well-ventilated and lighted. 2.4 Disagree 2.4 Disagree
5. Has shelves where the books
2.72 Agree 2.52 Agree
are arranged properly.
Moderately
Composite Mean 2.50 Affected 2.38
Affected

Legend: WM – Weighted Mean

VI – Verbal Interpretation

It can be observed from the table above that the learning outcome of the students

of Malvar National High School is “Affected” by the use of library in the composite

mean of 2.50 while the learning outcome of the students of Santiago National High

School is “Moderately Affected” in the composite mean of 2.38.

Based on the result, the highest weighted mean was obtained by the statements

“Contains books of different fields (history, science, math, etc.)” and “Has shelves where

the books are arranged properly” which both garnered mean values of 2.72 assessed by

the students of Malvar National High School and the students of Santiago National High

School assessed the statements in the mean values of 2.48 and 2.52 respectively. The

result states that school libraries will be useful to students’ academic performance if it

contains the learning materials that the students need. It is also easier for the students to
find the materials they need in studying if the books are arranged according to its fields

and topics.

As supported by Teamwork (2015), school library is a place in the school where

vast collections of academic books are kept. These books are made available to the

students to increase their knowledge and understanding on various subjects. A school

library plays a great role in the life of a student. It is the store house of knowledge. In a

library, students can find books on various subjects such as history, geography,

environment, political science, literature, etc. A school library exhibits positive impact on

the academic achievement of the student. Students can perform better during examination

by reading various books.

The statement “Has a large space for the students who want to study” got the

lowest weighted mean of 2.2 assessed by Malvar National High School students and 2.24

by Santiago National High School students. The result implies that both schools do not

provide wider space for the study area that’s why most of the students cannot study well

because of the noise and crowdedness of their surroundings. It is better to give larger

space for the school library to enhance the learning habits of the students.

It was supported by Jayanath (2008), library plays a very important role in

promoting the progress of knowledge. There are mainly two sections in a library. They

are the lending section and the reference section. Any member can borrow books from

the lending section. Nonmembers too can use the reference section. They are allowed to

enter the section free of charge. They can takedown notes from the books. In addition to

these two sections, there is another section in a library. Here any one can do his or her

studies under a calm and quiet environment. This section is called “The study room”.
Some students find it very difficult to do their studies at their homes due to various

reasons. This section is particularly useful for such students.

2.4 Other Amenities. This includes the facilities that are established for

specific purposes. The table below illustrates the assessment of the respondents on the

effects of the other amenities of the school to their learning outcome.

The table below shows the learning outcome of the students of Malvar National

High School is “Affected” with the composite mean of 2.58. The learning outcome of the

students of Santiago National High Scholl is also “Affected” by the other amenities of the

school in the composite mean of 2.64.

Table 4.2.4
Assessment of the Respondents on the Effects of the Other
Amenities of the School to Their Learning Outcome

MNHS SNHS
STATEMENT

I learn better because…

WM VI WM VI

1. There are function or meeting

halls where academic seminars
2.64 Agree 2.8 Agree
or school related activities are
conducted.
2. There are student lounges where
we can spend our vacant time
2.64 Agree 2.68 Agree
or meet classmates for group
activities.
 3. There is a gymnasium or other
sports facility where we do 2.16 Disagree 2.52 Agree
physical education activities.

4. There are rooms for clubs and

organizations where we can 2.6 Agree 2.68 Agree
conduct meetings.
5. There is a computer laboratory
where we can search for a 2.84 Agree 2.52 Agree
specific topic/lesson.

Composite Mean 2.58 Affected 2.64 Affected

Legend: WM – Weighted Mean

VI – Verbal Interpretation

The statement “There is a computer laboratory where we can search for a specific

topic/lesson” was assessed by the students of Malvar National High School which

obtained the highest weighted mean value of 2.84 while the students of Santiago National

High School obtained a mean value of 2.52 and verbally interpreted as agree. With an

amenity like computer laboratory, student can explore the lessons even more. They can

do their research in this amenity of the school during their vacant time.

Modernization of school facilities has faced a number of new challenges in recent

years with the advent of the personal computer. As new technologies are increasingly

integrated into programs of instruction, the ability to adequately finance the acquisition of

this equipment and to have the infrastructure in each school to support this technology is

also important (Picus, 2017).

 Moreover, Santiago National High School students attained the second highest

weighted mean in the statement “There are function or meeting halls where academic

seminars or school related activities are conducted” with a mean value of 2.8 while

Malvar National High School students obtained the mean value of 2.64 and interpreted as

agree. In a school, there will be times that meetings will be conducted for the teachers

and the parents as well as the students so it is important to have a facility where they can

express the agenda of the meeting well. Schools are not about the classrooms, canteen,

and library. It also includes facilities that teachers and students needed.

However, the statement “There is a gymnasium or other sports facility where we

do physical education activities” obtained the lowest rank with a mean value of 2.16 and

verbally interpreted as disagree assessed by the students of Malvar National High School,

while in the assessment of the students of Santiago National High School, it obtained a

mean value of 2.52 and verbally interpreted as agree. This signifies that gymnasium or

other sports activity is also needed for the learning of the students regarding sports. It can

boost their learning outcome by providing a space for recreational activities which is also

needed in the progress of their skills and knowledge.

The school facility consists of not only the physical structure and the variety of

building systems, such as mechanical, plumbing, electrical and power,

telecommunications, security, and fire suppression systems. The facility also includes

furnishings, materials and supplies, equipment and information technology, as well as

various aspects of the building grounds, namely, athletic fields, playgrounds, areas for

outdoor learning, and vehicular access and parking. (Lackney, 2017)

 The table below illustrates the summary of Composite Mean obtained in the

responses of the students of Malvar National High School and Santiago National High

School on the effects of school facilities such as the classroom, canteen, library and other

amenities to their learning outcome.

Table 4.2.5

Summary Table of Composite Mean

Effects on the learning outcome MNHS SNHS

of the school facility such as… CM VI CM VI

1.1 Classroom 2.84 Affected 2.86 Affected

2.2 Canteen 2.67 Affected 2.84 Affected

Moderately
3.3 Library 2.5 Affected 2.38
Affected

4.4 Other amenities 2.58 Affected 2.64 Affected

Grand Composite Mean 2.65 Affected 2.68 Affected Commented [Office10]: Gawing single sapcing. Di ko maedit
sakin e. palitan VI as per changes sa measurement and
Legend: CM – Composite Mean instrumentation sa chapter 3 niyo

VI – Verbal Interpretation

The table shows that the classroom got the highest composite mean on the

response of the students of Malvar National High School and Santiago National High

School in the composite mean of 2.84 and 2.86 respectively. The second highest

composite mean was obtained by the canteen from the response of the students on both
schools with a composite mean of 2.67 and 2.84 respectively. And lastly, the library

obtained the lowest composite mean on both schools which is 2.50 and 2.38 respectively.

This implies that the effects on the learning outcome of school facilities such as

classroom, canteen, library, and other amenities obtained a grand composite mean of 2.65

assessed by the students of Malvar National High School and 2.68 assessed by the

students of Santiago National High School and verbally interpreted as “Affected”.

3. Relationship analysis between the profile of the school and the effects of

school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners

The table 4.3.1 presents the summary of computations when testing the

relationship of the profile of the school and the effects of school facilities to the learning

outcome of Junior High School learners.

Table 4.3.1
Summary of Computations in Testing the Relationship of the Profile of the
School and the Effects of School Facilities to the Learning
Outcome of Junior High School Learners

Degrees
Profile of Levels of Decision
of P-Value Interpretation
the School Significance (H0)
Freedom
Number of
years 3 0.05 0.028 Reject H0 Significant
established
Number of
students 3 0.05 0.028 Reject H0 Significant
enrolled

Number of
3 0.05 0.028 Reject H0 Significant
instructors

The table above shows the summary of computations in testing the relationship of

the profile of the school and the effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of
Junior High School Learners. It can be observed that the p-value which is 0.028 falls

beyond the acceptance region at the level of significance of 0.05. Thus, the researchers

cannot accept the null hypothesis and have to conclude that there is a significant

relationship between the profile of the school and the effects of school facilities to the

learning outcome of Junior High School learners.

The reason why the profile of the school has a significant relationship with the

response of the students on the effects of school facilities to their learning outcome is that

the facilities established in every school depends on the population of the people who will

be using it. If there were large number of students in the school, there must be enough

facilities to accommodate them. The schools’ age is reflected on the conditions of its

facilities. An old school must establish at least all of the facilities needed by the students

and teacher as time passed by.

4. Proposed recommendations to the school administration for the

improvement of school facilities

The study was conducted by the researchers to determine the effects of school

facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners.

Schools with more amenities provide a better learning for the student that is why

the researchers recommend adding more facilities like sports field, students’ lounge,

computer laboratory and etc. to the learning environment. If these amenities were already

established in the school, be sure that it is used for the learning of the students and not on

any useful things.

The school may formulate a rule that all classrooms should contain a maximum of

30 students to prevent crowdedness and humid surroundings. Additionally, classrooms

may practice proper classroom management to maintain the cleanliness and healthy

ambiance by teaching the students to have proper discipline for the benefaction of

everyone. Moreover, the school may include ‘study time in library’ to the schedule of the

students to give them time to search for more information on the books and other

modules related on the lessons they have tackled.

Lastly, the school may improve the designs of its infrastructure at least every 5

years of existence. By these, the students will feel more comfortable and relaxed to study

their lessons well. And also by these, their academic performance will improve also

because they will be encouraged to study in a well-managed learning environment.

 CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study, its findings and conclusions, and

the recommendations drawn based on the result obtained by the researchers.

SUMMARY

The study determined the effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of

Junior High School learners. The study used a purposive sampling that involved 50

respondents from Malvar National High School and Santiago National High School.

The descriptive method of research was used by the researchers in order to get

true, reliable and helpful data and information from the respondents’ responses. The

researchers used self-administered questionnaires as the data gathering instrument for this

study.

The study determined the profile of the school in terms of number of years

established, number of students enrolled and number of instructors; effects on the

learning outcome of the school facilities such as classroom, canteen, library and other

amenities; significant relationship of the profile of the school and the effects of school

facilities to the learning outcome of the students; and proposed recommendations to

Malvar National High School and Santiago National High School for the improvement of

school facilities.

The respondents who were requested to answer the survey questionnaires were

the Grade 10 students of Malvar National High School and Santiago National High

School. The researchers used the statistical treatment weighted mean, frequency and

percentage in terms of the profile of the school. The researchers also used an application
to compute for the significant relationship of the profile of the school and the effects of

school facilities to the learning outcome of the students.

FINDINGS

After the data were gathered, analyzed, tabulated, and statistically treated, the

study discusses the following findings.

1. Profile of the School

The result of the study showed that out of the two schools that were surveyed 50

percent of them are already 10-50 years established. In terms of the number of students

enrolled, also 50 percent of the schools have 1500-2000 students enrolled in the

Academic Year 2017-2018. With regards to the number of instructors, 50 percent of the

school has 40-100 instructors. The result revealed that both schools have different

facilities established for the students and teachers.

2. Respondents’ Assessment on the Effects of School Facilities to their Learning

Outcome

Malvar National High School students assessed their learning outcome as

“Affected” by the classroom in the composite mean of 2.84 while the composite mean of

2.86 was obtained by Santiago National High School students. The students of Malvar

National High School assessed their learning outcome as “Affected” by the school

canteen in the composite mean of 2.67 while the composite mean of 2.84 was obtained by

the students of Santiago National High School. Santiago National High School students

assessed their learning outcome as “Moderately Affected” by the library in the composite

mean of 2.38 while the composite mean of 2.50 was attained by Malvar National High

School students. Lastly, the students of Malvar National High School assessed their
learning outcome as “Affected” by the amenities of the school in the composite mean of

2.58 while the composite mean of 2.64 was attained by the students of Santiago National

High School.

3. Correlation analysis between the profile of the school and the effects of

school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners

Based on the result obtained in the computation of the tabulated data, it can be

observed that the p-value which is 0.028 falls beyond the acceptance region at the level of

significance of 0.05. Thus, the researchers cannot accept the null hypothesis and have to

conclude that there is a significant relationship between the profile of the school and the

effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners.

4. Proposed recommendations to the school administration for the

improvement of school facilities

The study was conducted by the researchers to determine the effects of school

facilities to the learning outcome of Junior High School learners.

Schools with more amenities provide a better learning for the student that is why

the researchers recommend adding more facilities like sports field, students’ lounge,

computer laboratory and etc. to the learning environment. If these amenities were already

established in the school, be sure that it is used for the learning of the students and not on

any useful things.

The school may formulate a rule that all classrooms should contain a maximum of

30 students to prevent crowdedness and humid surroundings. Additionally, classrooms

may practice proper classroom management to maintain the cleanliness and healthy

ambiance by teaching the students to have proper discipline for the benefaction of
everyone. Moreover, the school may include ‘study time in library’ to the schedule of the

students to give them time to search for more information on the books and other

modules related on the lessons they have tackled.

Lastly, the school may improve the designs of its infrastructure at least every 5

years of existence. By these, the students will feel more comfortable and relaxed to study

their lessons well. And also by these, their academic performance will improve also

because they will be encouraged to study in a well-managed learning environment.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the findings of the study, the researchers came up with the following

conclusions:

1. Out of the two (2) schools surveyed, one of them is already 10-50 years

established. One of them has 1500-2000 students enrolled in the Academic Year

2017-2018 which also has 40-100 instructors.

2. The students of Malvar National High School and Santiago National High School

observed that school facilities affect their learning outcome.

3. There is a significant relationship between the profile of the school and the effect

of school facilities to the learning outcome of the students.

4. The result may serve as a basis for schools on what facilities should be improved.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In relation to the findings and conclusions obtained, the following

recommendations are hereby given.

1. Maintaining the good condition of the school facilities may also lead to a good

condition of the students’ academic performances. Therefore, school maintenance

 team should monitor every corner of the school to ensure that it is safe,

comfortable and conducive to learning and facility management should be

implemented.

2. The study may serve as a basis for the school personnel on what is the current

condition of their school facilities as well as the learning outcome of their

students. By this, they can take some actions as soon as possible on how to

maintain or even improve the whole learning environment.

3. School personnel should immediately address the school’s problems especially

when it affects the performance of the students. They may conduct class briefing

about the problems that the students encountered in the school at least twice a

month to know if the school could provide the quality education that an individual

needs.

4. The future researchers may use this study for academic purpose and for better

understanding on the effects of school facilities to the learning outcome of the

learners.