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    Chem2 Week3 Q4

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    marc renier
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including how the reaction quotient (Q) compares to the equilibrium constant (K) to predict the direction a reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium. It provides examples of how to calculate Kp, Kc, and determine the direction of reaction given initial concentrations or pressures of reactants and products. Key concepts covered include equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and using equilibrium constants to predict reaction favorability based on their magnitude.

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    Chem2 Week3 Q4

    Uploaded by

    marc renier
    2 views16 pages
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including how the reaction quotient (Q) compares to the equilibrium constant (K) to predict the direction a reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium. It provides examples of how to calculate Kp, Kc, and determine the direction of reaction given initial concentrations or pressures of reactants and products. Key concepts covered include equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and using equilibrium constants to predict reaction favorability based on their magnitude.

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    Chem2-week3-Q4

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    The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including how the reaction quotient (Q) compares to the equilibrium constant (K) to predict the direction a reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium. It provides examples of how to calculate Kp, Kc, and determine the direction of reaction given initial concentrations or pressures of reactants and products. Key concepts covered include equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and using equilibrium constants to predict reaction favorability based on their magnitude.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views16 pages

    Chem2 Week3 Q4

    Uploaded by

    marc renier
    The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including how the reaction quotient (Q) compares to the equilibrium constant (K) to predict the direction a reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium. It provides examples of how to calculate Kp, Kc, and determine the direction of reaction given initial concentrations or pressures of reactants and products. Key concepts covered include equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and using equilibrium constants to predict reaction favorability based on their magnitude.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    CHEMICAL

    EQUILIBRIUM
    Reaction Quotient, Q
    •Is a measure of the relative amounts of
    products and reactants during a reaction
    at a particular point in time.
    •The form of expression for reaction
    quotient is the same as that for
    equilibrium constant
    Predicting the Direction of a
    Reaction
    •If Q < K, the reaction proceeds from left
    to right or in forward direction.
    •As the product concentration increases,
    those of the reactant decreases, thus
    increasing the value of Q, until
    eventually equilibrium is attained.
    Predicting the Direction of a
    Reaction
    •If Q > K, the reaction proceeds from
    right to left or in reverse direction.
    •As the reactant concentration increases,
    and the product decreases, thus lowering
    the value of Q, until eventually
    equilibrium is attained.
    Predicting the Direction of a
    Reaction
    •If Q = K, the reaction is already at
    equilibrium.
    •The amounts of reactants and products
    remain constant.
    •No particular direction is favored.
    Sample Problem 1
    Predict the direction in which reaction
    will take place to attain equilibrium, if the
    starting partial pressures are 3.0 atm for
    NO2 and 1.5 atm for N2O4, at 100°C for
    the following system,
    N2O4 (g) ↔ 2NO2 (g) Kp = 11
    Sample Problem 2
    In an evacuated 3.0L flask, 0.35 mol SO2,
    0.25 mol Cl2, and 0.30 mol SO2Cl2 are
    combined and heated to 100°C. What is
    the value of Q and in which direction will
    the reaction proceed in order to
    established equilibrium?
    SO2Cl2 (g) ↔ SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) Kc = 0.078
    Activity
    1. Predict the direction toward which the
    reaction will proceed to attain
    equilibrium if a mixture of 2.0 mol H2,
    1.0 mol N2, and 2.5 mol NH3 are placed
    in a 1.0 L container at 472°C.
    N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ↔ 2NH3 (g) Kc = 0.105
    Activity
    2. A vertical vessel is filled with SO3 at a partial
    pressure of 0.10 atm together with O2 and SO2,
    both of which are at a partial pressure of 0.20 atm.
    The Kp for the oxidation of SO2 is equal to 0.15 at
    900K. Is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, which
    way will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?
    2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2SO3 (g) Kp = 0.15
    Significance of Equilibrium
    Constant
    • A large K value (K>>1) – equilibrium position lies
    more to the right, thus product favored.
    • If K value is small (K<<1) – equilibrium position
    lies to the left, thus reactant favored.
    • Kp = Kc (RT)Δn
    • R = 0.08205 L-atm/mol-K
    Sample Problem 1
    Calculate Kc and predict the extent of the reaction
    represented by the following equation,
    2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2SO3 (g)
    Experimental data at 853°C, shows that the
    equilibrium concentrations are as follows:
    [SO2] = 3.6 x 10-3 M
    [O2] = 6.1 x 10-4 M
    [SO3] = 1.0 x 10-2 M
    Sample Problem 2
    The components of an equilibrium mixture at 27°C
    for the reaction,
    H2 (g) + I2 (g) ↔ 2HI (g)
    pH2 = 0.15 atm
    pI2 = 0.15 atm
    pHI = 0.5 atm
    Calculate Kp and Kc
    Activity
    1. Given the K values at 25°C, predict the extent of
    each reaction by indicating whether it is reactant-
    favored or product-favored.
    a. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ↔ 2NH3 (g) K = 3.5 x 108
    b. CaCO3 (s) ↔ Ca+2 (aq) + CO3-2 (aq) K = 3.8 x 10-9
    c. S (s) + O2 (g) ↔ SO2 (g) K = 4.2 x 1052
    d. AgCl (s) ↔ Ag+1 (aq) + Cl-1 (aq) K = 10-10
    Activity
    2. A quantity of PCl5 was heated in a 10L vessel at
    250°C. At equilibrium, the mixture contains 0.21
    mol PCl5, 0.32 mol PCl3, and 0.32 mol Cl2.
    a. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc for the
    dissociation of PCl5 at 250°C given the equation,
    PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
    b. If the information is sufficient, calculate Kp.
    Activity
    3. Calculate Kc for the reaction,
    N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ↔ 2NH3 (g)
    at 500°C, if Kp is 1.5 x 10-5 at this temperature.
    4. At 100°C, Kc = 0.078 for the following reaction
    SO2Cl2 (g) ↔ SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
    The equilibrium concentration of SO2Cl2 is 0.108M
    while that of SO2 is 0.052M. What is the
    concentration of Cl2?
    Activity
    5. At 900K, Kp = 0.345 for the following reaction,
    2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2SO3 (g)
    In the equilibrium mixture, the partial pressure of
    SO2 is 0.165 atm while that of O2 is 0.755 atm.
    Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of SO3 in
    the mixture.

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