National Aviation

College
Department: Nursing

Name of Assignment: Community

Full Name: Lidiya Alemu

ID No.: TVNUR 0041/5

Submitted to:- Mr. Edomias Date of Submission: Dec 7, 2023

1. Define health care delivery system? A health care delivery system refers to the network
of organizations, institutions, resources, and professionals involved in providing health
care services to individuals and communities. It encompasses all the processes and
structures through which health care services are organized, financed, and delivered to
meet the health needs of the population.
2. What is community core?

● vision is to be a leader in driving evidence-based decision making for the

community to improve health
● mission is to help people use evidence for health decisions
● goal is to improve public health through evidence
● The goal of the Community Core is to improve public health through evidence. it
serve the community ­- patients and families- the consumers of healthcare.
Person-centered care puts the patient and family at the heart of every decision.
The public community needs trustworthy health information to be well. Science
and research serve as the basis of trustworthy evidence.

3. Describe factors affecting health care delivery system? Several factors can influence the
health care delivery system, including:
● Socioeconomic factors: These include income levels, education, employment,
and social status. Socioeconomic factors can impact access to health care
services, health insurance coverage, and the ability to afford necessary
treatments.
● Demographic factors: The age distribution, gender, and cultural diversity of a
population can influence health care delivery. Different demographic groups may
have varying health care needs and preferences.
● Technological advancements: Advances in medical technology, such as
diagnostic tools, treatments, and telemedicine, can impact the delivery of health
care services. These advancements can improve efficiency, accuracy, and
accessibility of care.
● Health policy and regulations: Government policies, regulations, and legislation
can significantly influence health care delivery. These factors can affect health
care financing, insurance coverage, quality standards, and the organization of
health care systems.
● Geographic factors: The geographical location and distribution of health care
facilities affect access to services, particularly in rural or underserved areas.
Access to transportation and proximity to health care providers can also impact
delivery.
4. Explain primary health care? Primary health care (PHC) is a holistic and comprehensive
approach to health care that focuses on providing essential and basic health services to
individuals, families, and communities. It is often the first point of contact for individuals
seeking health care and aims to address the majority of their health needs throughout
their lifespan. PHC emphasizes health promotion, disease prevention, treatment of
common illnesses, and management of chronic conditions. It involves a broad range of
services, including preventive care, health education, immunizations, maternal and child
health care, family planning, and basic diagnostic and treatment services.
5. Components of primary health care: The components of primary health care include:
● Health promotion: Activities that empower individuals and communities to take
control of their health, including health education, lifestyle modifications, and
community awareness campaigns.
● Disease prevention: Strategies to prevent the onset of diseases, such as
immunizations, screenings, and early detection programs.
● Diagnosis and treatment: Basic diagnostic services and treatment for common
illnesses and injuries, provided by primary care practitioners. 4. Management of
chronic conditions: Long-term management and coordination of care for
individuals with chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. 5.
Maternal and child health: Services focused on the health and well-being of
pregnant women, mothers, infants, and children, including prenatal care,
immunizations, and well-child visits.
6. Role of community nurse: The role of a community nurse is multifaceted and involves
working with individuals, families, and communities to promote health and prevent
disease. Some key roles of a community nurse include:
● Health promotion and education: Community nurses provide education and
support to individuals and communities, empowering them to make informed
decisions about their health and adopt healthy behaviors.
● Disease prevention and screening: They conduct health screenings,
immunizations, and health assessments to identify health risks and prevent
diseases.
● Care coordination: Community nurses collaborate with other healthcare
professionals and community resources to ensure seamless and coordinated
care for individuals with complex health needs.
● Advocacy: They advocate for the health needs and rights of individuals and
communities, addressing social determinants of health and promoting equitable
access to healthcare services.
● Community engagement: Community nurses actively engage with community
members, organizations, and stakeholders to identify health needs, develop
health programs, and foster partnerships for better health outcomes.
7. List down features of community: The features of a community can vary, but some
common features include:
● Geographic proximity: Community members typically live in close proximity to
one another, sharing a common physical location or neighborhood.
 ● Social interaction: Community members interact and engage with one another,
forming social relationships and networks.
● Shared interests or characteristics: Communities often have shared interests,
values, or characteristics that bring people together, such as cultural, religious, or
recreational activities.
● Common goals or purpose: Communities may have common goals, whether it's
improving the neighborhood, advocating for specific issues, or supporting one
another.
● Sense of belonging: Community members feel a sense of belonging and identity
within their community, often contributing to a collective identity and shared
responsibilities.
8. Describe the characteristics of community health practice? Characteristics of community
health practice include:
● Population focus: Community health practice focuses on the health needs of
populations or communities rather than individual patients. It considers
thecollective health status, determinants of health, and health disparities within a
specific community.
● Holistic approach: Community health practice takes a holistic approach to health,
considering not only physical health but also social, mental, and environmental
factors that influence well-being.
● Prevention and health promotion: Community health practice emphasizes
preventive measures and health promotion activities to improve the overall health
of the community. It aims to prevent diseases, promote healthy behaviors, and
create supportive environments.
● Community engagement and participation: Community health practice actively
involves community members in decision-making processes, program planning,
and implementation. It recognizes the importance of community engagement and
participation for sustainable health outcomes.
● Collaboration and partnerships: Community health practice involves collaboration
and partnerships with various stakeholders, including community organizations,
healthcare providers, government agencies, and other sectors. These
collaborations aim to leverage resources, expertise, and networks to address
health issues effectively.
● Cultural sensitivity: Community health practice recognizes and respects the
cultural diversity within a community. It promotes culturally sensitive approaches
to healthcare delivery, considering cultural beliefs, practices, and languages to
ensure effective communication and understanding.
● Advocacy and social justice: Community health practice advocates for social
justice and equitable access to healthcare services. It addresses health
disparities, inequalities, and social determinants of health to promote fairness
and equal opportunities for health.
9. Define Determinants of health? Determinants of health are the factors that influence an
individual's or a population's health status. They are the underlying conditions and forces
that shape health outcomes and can be categorized into several broad categories:
 ● Individual factors: These include genetic predisposition, age, sex, and personal
behaviors such as diet, exercise, and substance use.
● Social and economic factors: These encompass socioeconomic status,
education, employment, income, social support networks, and access to
healthcare services.
● Environmental factors: This includes physical, social, and cultural environments
in which individuals live, work, and play. It includes factors such as air and water
quality, housing conditions, community safety, and exposure to hazards.
● Health behaviors: These are the actions and choices individuals make that
impact their health, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity,
and adherence to preventive measures.
● Healthcare system: The availability, accessibility, and quality of healthcare
services, including healthcare providers, facilities, and health insurance
coverage, can significantly influence health outcomes. Determinants of health
interact with each other and can have cumulative effects on an individual's or a
population's health. Addressing these determinants is crucial for improving
overall health and reducing health disparities.
10. Explain public health nursing? Public health nursing is a specialized field of nursing that
focuses on promoting and protecting the health of populations or communities. Public
health nurses work in various settings, including government agencies, community
health centers, schools, and nonprofit organizations. Their roles and responsibilities
include:
1. Assessing community health needs: Public health nurses conduct assessments to
identify the health needs, resources, and health disparities within a community. They
collect and analyze data to understand the health status and determinants of health.
2. Planning and implementing health programs: Based on the assessment findings,
public health nurses develop and implement health programs and interventions to
address community health needs. These programs may focus on health promotion,
disease prevention, and health education.
3. Health promotion and education: Public health nurses provide health education and
promotion activities to individuals, families, and communities. They empower people to
make informed decisions about their health and adopt healthy behaviors.
4. Disease prevention and control: Public health nurses play a vital role in preventing
and controlling infectious diseases. They conduct surveillance, investigate disease
outbreaks, and implement measures to prevent the spread of diseases.
5. Policy development and advocacy: Public health nurses contribute to the development
of public health policies and advocate for policies that promote health and address
health disparities. They collaborate with policymakers, community leaders, and
stakeholders to influence health-related policies.
6. Community engagement and collaboration: Public health nurses actively engage with
community members, organizations, and stakeholders to build partnerships and
collaborations. They work together to address community health issues and improve
health outcomes. Public health nursing takes a population-focused approach,
emphasizing health promotion, disease prevention, and addressing social determinants
of health. Public health nurses play a critical role in improving the health of communities
and reducing health disparities.