ŚWIATOWIT . Т о м V I ( X L V I I ) · FASC.

Α · 2 0 0 6

A G N I E S Z K A T O M A S {ΙΑ UW)

MUNICIPIUM NOVENSIUM?
R E P O R T O N T H E FIELD SURVEY AT O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

(PL. 121-132)

S i n c e 1964, when B. Gerov published the in- from the end of the 2nd century . The written sources
scription mentioning m(unicipium) N(ovensium)', dis- can be again compared with new archaeological data ob-
cussion on the localisation of the municipality of Novae tained within last few years.
has been continuing. T h e altar bearing the inscription was
found on the eastern annex of Novae, not far from the
Topography of the castra
defence walls, which are dated as soon as the last quarter
of the 3rd century A.D. 2 Thirty years later, in the Graeco-
surroundings
Roman town of Nicopolis ad Istrum placed about 50 km Within the radius of 2 km around the military
south from Novae, another interesting find came to the camp the following settlements and settlement traces were
light: the altar erected by two priests of Mater Deorum and localised (Fig. 1): the canabae legionis ex tended 100-300 m
Liber Pater and dedicated vexillo Novesium OppianorumK around the camp* with the peristyle villa9, cemeteries 10 ,
4
T h e altar is dated by the editor at A.D. 212 or 215 . T h e pottery and brick kilns", a sanctuary of eastern deities' 2 ,
interpretation of the vexillum is very difficult and doubt- harbour 13 , aqueducts' 4 and roads". All these elements are
ful. It can be both interpreted as an organization or its stan- typical for majority of military camps surroundings on
dards; a group of veterans, craftsmen or other collegium' the Rhein and Danube limes' 6 . T h e territory with infra-
6
or most probably, a religious association . T h e connection structure of the nearest vicinity of the camp, which was
with collegium of military function is also possible. T h e de facto under military control, or even was used by
presence of such "militiae" is attested in Balkan provinces the legio", had probably the status of agerpublicui'8. Just

' GEROV 1964 (1980) = AE 1964, 224 = IGLNov 39 (Novae): note 5), there could be a connection between vexillum and the
Dee sanc[te] / Placidi / Iulius / Statilis / augustalis / m(unicipii) cult of Liber Pater. The members of Oppii family appear in ca-
N(ovensium) ex vo(to) posu/it n(uminis) m(onitu)\ cf. KOLEN- nabae Durostorum (CIL III, 7474, Cn. Oppius Sotericbus and
DO 1969; dating according to Kolendo (IGLNov) A.D. 180- Oppius Severus).
250- Building and sacral activity of augustales is attested by 1
GEROV 1980c. From the 3rd century, both religious and
many inscriptions from settlements placed near forts, cf. p. ex. craftsmen collegia, are called numeri. Cf. SZTAJERMAN 1960:
from Brigetio (BARKÓCZI 1954 = AE 1944, 110; 108; CIL III
413.
10972; 11042 and AE 1962, 43; AE 1997, 1267) or Apulum
(AE 1996, 1278 = IDR V/2, 534; CIL III 976 = IDR V/1,7; " PARNICKI-PUDEŁKO 1981; MROZEWICZ 1981; idem
CIL III 1082 = IDR V/l, 203). 1982: 61; idem 1984: 296; SARNOWSKI 1984: 229, η. 33;
2
CONRAD, STANCHEV 2002: 674.
DIMITROV, CHICHIKOVA, SOULTOV 1964; CHICHI-
KOVA 1980: 59; SARNOWSKI 1976: 62-63, 'CHICHIKOVA 1992.
10
3
TSUROV 1995a = AE 1995, 1362 (Nicopolis ad Istrum): SHKORPIL 1905, 457; KOŁKÓWNA 1961; SADURSKA
Aug(usto) sacrum /pro salute Imperato(ris) / L(ucius) Oppius Ma- 1984; PRESS, SARNOWSKI 1987: 304, 316; CONRAD,
ximus et L(ucius) Oppius / Ianuarius sacerdotes Matris / Deum et STANCHEV 2002: 675.
Liberi Patris vexillo / Novesium Oppianorum / aram de suo posue- " SARNOWSKI 1976: 62, fig. 1, 2; MITOVA-DJONOVA
runt. 1966; VULOV 1966. '
4 12
TSUROV 1995b. NAYDENOVA 1990; eadem 1999.
5 13
SHA, Gall, duo, 8,6; cf. AE 1937, 194, Aquincum: I(ovi) SARNOWSKI 1996.
O(ptimo) M(aximo) Lib(ero) P(atri) /Ael(ius) Annianus /pro sa- 14
STEFANOV 1930; BIERNACKA-LUBAŃSKA 1997.
lute sua / et vexillario(rum) / col(legii) cento (nariorum) Ul(pius) / 15
STEFANOV 1956: 72, fig. 77; CONRAD, STANCHEV
Victorinus / Aur(elius) Antoninus / Dub(ius?) Florentinus /
2002: 676; also unpublished research by P. Dyczek in 2000.
Veg(etius?) Septiminus / Vibul(l)i(us?) Stat(ius) Filu() / v(otum)
s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito). " VTTTINGHOFF 1971: 299; MÓCSY 1974: 351 sq.; PISO
6 1991: 137.
According to the editor, the vexillum could be a fire-brigade 17
(TSUROV 1995a, 11), but cf. AE, ad no. 1362. L. Oppius VTTTINGHOFF 1974.
Maximus raised the altar in for Mater Deum in Novae (IGLNov " VTTTINGHOFF 1971: 302; idem 1974: 110 sq.; GEROV
34). Comparing the inscription from Aquincum (see above, 1980a: 61, 65 sq.; PISO 1991: 137.

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 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

beyond the border marked with the circle with radius situated between a small hill from the east and a little val-
of the leuga (2.22 km) from the centre of the camp", we ley (dere) from the west30. In 1961 and 1962, 500 m east
find the villa placed southeastern from Novae0, the sanc- from the valley, next to the tumuli in the place Chiflish-
tuary of Liber Pater11, some cemeteries22 and other settle- kite nivi, a Roman cemetery dated to the 3rd century
ment traces and constructions 21 . Many significant traces A.D. was discovered11. In the autumn 1979 the first field
(at least villas) are also placed under the modern town of survey using planigraphy method was carried by T. Sar-
Svishtov24. According to S. Conrad, who carried field sur- nowski12. In May and June 1990 Bulgarian archaeologists
veys in the vicinity of Novae, the regular parcelling of the from Gradski Istorichesky Musey (Historical Museum) in
area south from the castra is probable25. However the big- Svishtov carried another field survey and excavations in
gest separate settlement is placed about 2.5 km east from a few points within the site33. Traces of the wood-earth
the camp in the place Ostrite Mogili 26 . Its range has been
building were discovered, as also hand mills, metal objects
discussed for the last thirty years27.
and animal bones. Characteristic dispersion of material
was noticed: in the eastern part of the site quantity of
Previous research on the site Roman and early Byzantine material was significant, while
of Ostrite Mogili in the western part, medieval pottery was in majority. In
the spring of 2000 the field survey in the vicinity of Novae
For the first time the site was investigated in
were carried by P. Dyczek14. The planigraphy of Ostrite
1948 by S. Stefanov28. In 1961 the Polish medieval archae-
ologists searching for Slavian settlements in the Svishtov Mogili was repeated again". The following paper presents
region, localised three sites in the locality of Ostrite the investigations from 1979 and 2000 36 .
Mogili 29 (Fig. 2). All these places are within one big site,

19 About the settlements mtra and extra leugam primam see 1980; idem 1981; idem 1982: 65, 85; idem 1984: 296; SAR-
below. NOWSKI 1976: 62-63; idem 1984: 228, n. 33; idem 1997:
20 SARNOWSKI 1979; during the research two inscriptions 498; IVANOV 1997: 600; idem 1999: 268; cf. CONRAD,
were found fIGLNov 82 and 112) dated to A.D. 220-235 and STANCHEV 2002: 674.
A.D. 222-235. 2"STEFANOV 1958: 351; GEROV 1977: 300, n. 4.
21 MITOVA-DJONOVA 1961.
25The survey was led by Z. Hilczerówna; publicated in: HEN-
22 VULOV 1965; SOULTOV 1968: 47, n. 16, 24. SEL 1965: 281-284.
30 According to P. Donevski, traces ofpre-Roman settlement are
23Traces of settlements were also attested in surroundings of
Tsarevec, south from Novae, on the territory of Svishtov and placed east from the valley; cf. DONEVSKI 1991.
west of the town (cf. STEFANOV 1958: 341 sq.). The question 31The place was published as a cemetery 2 km east from Var-
of the presence of early Roman military installations on the dim, which is 0,5 km east from Ostrite Mogili (VULOV 1965),
Kaleto hill in Svishtov is difficult to solve: cf. RE V, col. 1805; but the place is situated 0.5 km east from Ostrite Mogili.
VULOV 1962; HENSEL 1965: 262; GEROV 1977: 300; 32Unpublished, but one legionary stamp (inv. no. 1 /79c, Fig. 3.
PRESS, SARNOWSKI 1987: 304; CONRAD, STANCHEV 2); cf. infra, note 61.
2002: 674. The place is identified by P. Donevski (DONEV- 33DONEVSKI 1991 (short report). Six trenches were made,
SKI 1997) with Theodoroupolis mentioned by Procopius (De
explored from 12.06 to 29.06.1990.
aed. IV, 7): cf. RE V, col. 1805; VULOV 1962; HENSEL
1965: 262; GEROV 1977: 300; PRESS, SARNOWSKI 1987: 34 About 2000 the team from Roman-Germanic Commission
304; CONRAD, STANCHEV 2002: 674. Franfurt/M. of the German Archaeological Institute had been
continuing their programme of field surveys in the area of lower
24 STEFANOV 1958: 341 sq. Yantra and surroundings of latrus and Novae. The survey was
25 CONRAD 2003. also made on the area of Ostrite Mogili. Cf. CONRAD 2006,
26 HENSEL 1965: 281-284; GEROV 1977: 300, n. 4; detailed 307 sq., fig. 12.
literature below; it seems that the medieval site localised by 33 Planigraphy of the site was made in two weeks by ten students
S. Parnicki-Pudelko during preliminary prospection around No- led by A. Tomas; the survey was made by the Centre of Archae-
vae m 1960 (PARNICKI-PUDEŁKO 1961: 87, fig. 23) 700 m ological Research in Novae headed by P. Dyczek.
east from the eastern walls can not be identical with the Ostrite 36 1 am very grateful to T. Sarnowski and P. Dyczek, who hand-
Mogili site. ed over the documentation and gave some important advice.
27According to Gerov (GEROV 1977: 300-301), the presence The materials documented in 1979 have inventory numbers in
of „civil" inscriptions in canabae, among them the altar erected a scheme: no/79w - small finds; no/79c - stamped bricks/tiles.
by the priest of imperial cult (AE 1964, 224) indicates on mu- The finds from 2000 have inventory numbers: no/00w - small
nicipalization of canabae at the end of the 2nd or beginning of finds; no/00m - mass finds; no/00c - stamped brick/tiles. The
the 3rd cent. A.D.; the problem of localization of municipium materials from the grave were marked with "GR" letters in
Novensium was discussed among others by MROZEWICZ inventory.

116
 MUNICIPIUM NOVENSIUM? R E P O R T O N T H E FIELD SURVEY A T O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

Topography of the site and bones. Some finds were documented in detail. The
surveyed area covered about 7.5 ha and 155 finds were
The site is placed on the high Danube bank, on drawn and described.
the flat terrace, slightly falling to the north, on the height In 2000 the survey were carried in direction south
of 36 m to 50 m above the sea level (Fig. 2). Now fields, north by 6 to 9 persons and two others with metal detec-
divided by the road, are parcelled and cultivated by the tors. Stripes had a width of 5 m in the western part and
private owners from Svishtov (Fig. 3). The archaeologi- 2.5 m in the eastern part of the site, where the material is
cal material is visible in big quantities on the whole area exclusively dense42. Respectively, every 5 or 2.5 m debris
of 15 ha'7. It is possible that some settlement traces, at least (stones, bricks and tiles, mortar, glass windows), pottery,
cemetery, are placed also west from Ostrite Mogili, where glass objects, bones and metal finds were registered. The
parcels are fenced, covered with private buildings and ex- area covered with the survey was 10.5 ha. Almost 2000
tensively cultivated' 8 (Fig. 4). finds were documented.
It seems that in the case of the site rich in archae-
ological material from different periods, strongly eroding
Remarks on the method
in some parts (here eastern), used method has several
The method of planigraphy used during the re- faults. In the area, where the debris was accumulated, the
search in 1979 was adapted by T. Sarnowski, according researchers were made to estimate their quantity, which
to the indications made by Polish researcher R. Mazurow- could have caused creation of non-existing condensations
ski, who desciibed his surveys carried in Poland in 1969". (in stripes!), as the estimations are made individually.
Similar method joined with resistivity was introduced by Moreover, in the areas where bricks and pottery sherds
the British team led by A. G. Poulter in the several sites where mixed with stones, it is extremely important to
placed in Nicopolis adIstrum region40. The team-members notify the crumbling of materials. In every case, the fea-
had been going straight in recording units of the same tures of terrain and the character of cultivation has a big
width (Fig. 5) quantifying the artefacts every few meters influence on visibility. The same method used twice on
and describing them with symbols. At Ostrite Mogili the the same site, but in different direction showed all the
units were 5 m χ 5 m, but in 2000 also 2.5 m χ 2.5 m in possible faults, but also allowed to verify information and
the eastern part. As the materials at Ostrite Mogili are very indicate real concentrations.
numerous, every square only few representative sherds Collected data were the basis for 5 maps of ma-
were picked-up. All the small finds (metal, glass, terracotta terial dispersion: pottery and building materials from
etc.) were documented separately. The team-members 1979 and 2000 and one with small finds from 2000.
were also obliged to notice the visibility and character of
the surface. The stripes were plotted on the plan and cor-
related with some points measured to characteristic terrain Pottery and glass
features and GIS41, covering the whole site. The units creat- In 2000, the difference in density of material in
ed maps of surface finds in their dispertion. Introducing the western and eastern part was confirmed. In 1979, the
the method into the Mediterranean archaeology, or rather, quantity of Slavian pottery in the western part was signifi-
on the site rich in material visible on the surface, have cant, but during the research in 2000 the concentration
brought some methodical remarks. disappeared. The concentrations of pottery registered in
In 1979 the survey were carried in direction east- 1979 and 2000 do not cover (Fig. 6). In 2000 the little
west by 4 to 6 persons going in stripes 5 m wide and concentrations of glass slag was noticed in the western part.
registering finds every 5 m in a line. Counted material The 80% of vessel pieces are dated to the 2nd-3rd
included debris (stones, bricks and tiles, mortar), pottery centuries A.D. (Fig. 7), including big quantity of local

37 According to S. Conrad the site covers the area placed east- 40 POULTER 2004: 9 sq.
ward, surrounding the valley and including the field south from 41In 2000. In 1979, measures from the characteristic points
the road. Cf. CONRAD 2006: fig. 12. In 2000, we had not reg- were made.
istered significant materials south from the road. 42 Localization of the finds from 2000 was inventoried in
" But three tumuli are marked here on the modern Russian a scheme: number of the stripe (from the east to the west),
military maps from 1984. number of the square (from the south to the north) and the
number of the person in a line, p. ex. stripe 1, square 10, no. 2.
35MAZUROWSKI 1971. The method was used by T. Sarnow- The only stripe 12A (north from the stripes 12, 13, 14 and per-
ski on the site of Kunla cheshma (villa southeast from Novae) in pendicular to them) was searched from the west to the east. The
1978; cf. SARNOWSKI 1979. mass finds have only localization in stripes. Cf. Fig. 6.

117
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

Moesian sigillata produced in pottery workshops placed used in local workshops53. The other types, among them
around Nicopolis adIstrumi} (Fig. 14). Only seven sherds many from the Black Sea coast centres, were also noticed.
come from imported sigillatavessels (Fig. 13. 4, 7), among Late Roman amphorae are represented mainly by LRA 1
them two or three of western origin". Fragments of· local or 2 and similar to them - Kouzmanov XV54. Fragments
vessels, both hand-made or wheel-turned (Fig. 13. 1, 2), of glass vessels are present on the whole area. They come
have analogies on Geto-Dacian sites45. However their dat- from bowls, jugs and stemmed goblets (Fig. 13. 10-12),
ing is very doubtful, because such vessels were produced which have analogies in Novať , and undoubtedly were
on the Lower Danube area from pre-Roman, Roman to produced at the site. The vessels are dated to 2nd - 4th
late Roman times46. Parallel sherds come even from work- centuries, although one fragment may come from a jug
shops in Nicopolis region47. An example of interesting dated to the 6th century A.D. Almost all the pottery and
fusion of local tradition with a new technology used in glass vessels have analogies in Novae, Nicopolis and latruř\
the local pottery centres is a cup ornamented with a fin- Relatively big group are fragments of big hand-made jars
ger-squeezed appliqué (Fig. 14. 2). In contrary, the Late with the S-profiled body and incised ornament of hori-
Roman table/kitchen pottery was almost unnoticeable. zontal and waved lines (Fig. 18. 5-7). These are fragments
The only piece of a big dish ornamented with a concave of early medieval pottery appearing on the Slavian sites,
rosette motive in the middle (Fig 13. 9) probably comes both in Bulgaria57 and Romania, for example on the other
from imported LR sigillata^. Fragment of a greyish-fired side of Danube, at Fîntîrele, 10 km west from Zimnicea58.
dish covered with dark grey coating and brown stripes is The last group of sherds comes from „sgrafito" pottery
a single sherd of this type (Fig. 13. 8). Vessels made in dated to the 12th—14th centuries55. But the most signifi-
similar technology were found in Nicopolis''', where ap-
cant are fragments from the Roman period.
pear in layers dated from the 2nd and 3rd to the 6th cen-
tury. One fragment is identical with the rim from Ostrite
Mogili, but it was found in a mixed layer50. According to Building materials
R. K. Falkner such pottery reminds terra sigillata grise, but The next group of registered materials are stones,
its dating is broader. Vast majority of the Late Roman
fragments of bricks or tiles, mortar and glass windows 60 .
pottery are amphorae and cooking vessels dated to the 4th
During the first survey made in 1979 the concentration
century A.D. Cooking vessels are mainly big deep dishes
of debris was noticed in the eastern part in general. In
and pots produced in local workshops, which survived
2000 the concentrations registered in the eastern part,
after the Gothic invasions in the middle of 3rd century.
where debris is very numerous, were regular. Also some
The fragments of amphorae are numerous, but the Early
small concentrations in the south-western were noticed
Roman ones come from numerous types. The most sig-
(Fig. 8). Fragments of glass windows and big stone slabs
nificant group is Zeest 93 type51 and local amphorae with
were only in the eastern part of the site. The bigger quan-
flat handles produced from the second half of the 2nd
tity of stone and mortar was also notified here. Eight
century A.D." Frequent are also fragments of small earth-
stamped bricks and tiles were found, among them four
enware with turned handles made of fabric similar to that
legionary ones61 (Fig. 15. 2, 3). One stamped brick comes

43 SOULTOV 1983. 54BJELJAJAC 1996: type XIX and XX; KOUZMANOV 1985:
44 One fragment of south Gaulish sigillata from Flavian period, type XIII, XV, XIX.
found during the excavations of P. Donevski in 1990, was pub- 55 OLCZAK 1995.
lished by DIMITROVA-MILČEVA (2002, no. 162, Taf. 10). 56 BÖTTGER 1982; BÖTTGER 1991; BÖTTGER 1995.
Cf. above, note 33.
57 VUZHAROVA 1976.
45 SCORPAN 1970 and cited literature; Styrmen 1980: 48-52,
list of analogies no. 4. " C O M Ç A 1969.
46 SCORPAN 1970; idem 1973, especially fig. 1. 59 DOLMOVA 1985.
47 SOULTOV 1983: tab. XIX, XX, 3. 60Some years ago, the resting of stone structures were still visi-
48 HAYES 1972: style A, fig. 41; cf. BÖTTGER 1982: 63. ble. In 2000, there was no traces of walls on the surface.
49 FALKNER 1999: 85, ware 78.
61Published stamp from Ostrite Mogili: [LEG]I IT[AL] inv. no.
l/79c, SARNOWSKI 1997: 498-499; on the sit were also
50 FALKNER 1999: fig. 9.48, no. 993.
found: 1 stamp of the legio I Minervia, 1 stamp with a boat,
" ZEEST 1960: type 91-93; cf. DYCZEK 1999: 189-192, type 29. other stamps of the legio I Italica, and Late Roman LEPIFI-
52 SOULTOV 1983: 74, type 1, tab. XXXIV, 3. C O R type stamps, as well as private stamps; cf. IVANOV 2002:
53 DYCZEK 1999: 205-209, type 34. 119, 123, fig. 87.

118
 MUNICIPIUM NOVENSIUM? R E P O R T ON T H E FIELD SURVEY A T O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

from the destroyed grave localized in the southwestern fabric covered with reddish coating, similar to terracotta
part" (Fig. 16. 6). The other stamped bricks or tiles were figures produced in Nicopolis area workshops6' (Fig. 16. 7).
probably produced in non-military workshops. Three of The place of finding suggests that it may have come from
them have a shorting С AT and С ANT MAG (Fig. 15. a grave70.
5-7). According to T. Sarnowski the shorting should be Metal finds. I he weapons are mainly arrow spikes
probably read C(aius) A[n]ton(ius) Mag(nus), or rather of forms known from Novae (Fig. 17. 1-3) '. These are
(opus) C(aii) A[n]ton(ii) Mag(ni), or simply C(ai) A[n]to- pieces quite popular in the Central-Eastern Europe up
n(ii) Mag(nif'. One piece of a brick with a stamp Ρ CP, to the medieval period. Other metal objects are bronze
has no analogies in tegular material from Novae and its ring, spur, fragments of bronze coverings and iron tools,
surroundings (Fig. 15. 4). which cannot be surely dated to the Roman period
(Fig. 17. 4-6). A small fragment of bronze fibula was
also found in the western part of the site, but it was very
Other finds
badly preserved.
During the first research in 1979, some small Glass bracelets. More than 10 pieces of glass
finds were registered, but they were not numerous. In bracelets were documented. Majority of them are made
2000 all the small finds were charted (Fig. 9). These are of dark blue glass; the only one is reddish-black (Fig. 18.
coins, adornments, terracotta and lamps, glass vessels, 1-3). The analogies mainly come from medieval sites72,
weapon, metal tools, weaving weights, hand mills and ad- although several pieces dated to the Roman period were
ditionally bones and glass production waste. All these ma- also found in NovaP.
terials were put on the map at scale 1:3000 with hope to Fragment of a votive plate. In 1979, fragment
find some additional information. In the eastern part of of a marble votive plate was found (Fig. 17. 7). Almost
the site the coin of Elagabalus was found, as also major- undoubtedly it belonged to the representation of the
ity of arrow spikes, weaving weights and hand mills. In the Thracian raider. The cult is attested in Novae ^ηά its clos-
western part, the early medieval material is more notice- est surroundings 7 '.
able: both pottery and small finds and twelve coins. But Bones. Bones were counted both in 1979 and
also here, the terracotta eagle and a coin of Probus (anto- 2000. During the first survey they were regularly dispers-
ninianus) were found. In the southwestern part of the site, ed on the whole site. In 2000 bones were registered in
not far from the present road, a destroyed, robbed grave several concentrations (Fig. 9). Mostly these were animal
was localized. Some small finds are presented below61. ones, but one human bone was also found in the eastern
part. As we are convinced that in the Roman period there
Coins. Among 23 coins, as many as 20 pieces were situated buildings, not a cemetery, the human bone
are medieval — mostly concaved bronze coins. The only could have been brought from the other place by animals
anonymous Byzantine follis comes from 10th- 11th cen- or come from modern times, including wars in 19th and
tury65. Three coins are Roman: one is antoninianus of 20th centuries.
Probus from A.D. 277 66 and severely polished bronze of
Elagabalus minted in Pautalia dated to A.D. 218-222 67 .
The third, damaged bronze coin is probably of local emis-
Chronology
sion from the half of the 3rd century A.D.68 The earliest traces of settlement registered in
Terracotta eagle. The figure is made of fine this area are dated to the Neolithic period75. There are no

62Similar stamps were found in debris layer of valetudinarium, I am very grateful.

but their dating is doubtful; cf. SARNOWSKI 1983: no. VI 80. See cat. no. 34. The legend is unreadable; cf. M O U S H M O V
67

63Similar interpretation by GEROV 1980b. Cf. CIL III 144642 1912: 231 sq. '
(.Dimum) = GEROV 1954: no. 349; CIL III 7621 (Svishtov) = 68 See cat. no. 35.
GEROV 1954: no. 534; RAKEVA-MORFOVA 1970: 39; 69 SOULTOV 1983: 93, tab. LI, 4-7.
SARNOWSKI 1983: fig. 18, no. XXVI-4, fig. 19, no. XXV5
{Novae). I am grateful to Prof. T. Sarnowski, who with I con-
70Many burials in the area contain terracotta figures produced
sulted tegular material. in Butovo-Pavlikeni workshops; cf. VULOV 1965.
71 GACUTA 1987: 167, tab. XXXII.
64 Many small finds are not mentioned here, among them
lamps, weaving tools, stone artefacts. The complex publication 72 P. ex. OVCHAROV, HADJIYEVA 1990: fig. 68.
will be presented in Novensia. 73 OLCZAK 1998: 54.
65 See cat. no. 46. 74 KOLENDO 1991.
66 See cat. no. 33. The coins were identified by P. Jaworski, who 75 HENSEL 1965: 281-284.

119
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

significant traces of pre-Roman settlement here76, although cultivated gardens. Anyway, possible another 6 ha could
some Thracian pottery fragments were found east from be added, which still doesn't make the site significant in
the site . Majority of finds are dated to the 2nd- 3rd cen- size. There was no distinct traces of settlement in the area
turies A.D. (Fig. 10). These materials are also the most south from the present road Svishtov-Vardim.
differentiated in forms and function. The grave from the The maps of density of finds correlated with the
south-western part comes from this period, too (Fig. 16. topography of the site gave some outline of the settlement.
1-4). Second group comes from early medieval (8th- Taking into account Roman traditions in topography of
11th centuries A.D.) and medieval (12th-l4th centuries villages and small towns85, as well as comparison with other
A.D.) 78 . The third group are materials from Late Roman investigated sites of this type86, one can try to localize some
period, which consists of cooking pottery, amphorae and elements of the settlement (Fig. 12). The course of the
some glass vessels. The settlement could have existed in road along the Danube is almost identical as the ancient
some form then, as some pottery sherds and stamped one87. The location of a cemetery alongside, east and west
bricks/tiles from this period were notified 79 . of Ostrite Mogili is also certain. Dense building up with
perpendicular streets is possible, especially in the eastern
part 88 . The other elements of infrastructure and building
Remarks on the topography of civil
covering are only hypothetical. The finds of legionary
settlements placed at Roman forts bricks/tiles can suggest the presence of a building raised
Comparison of settlement patterns around Roman by provincial administration, including roadside post or
forts along the provincial borders on Rhine, Danube and customhouse 89 . One cannot exclude a possibility of sec-
Britain made by Romanian researcher I. Piso, suggests ondary use of stamped bricks or other reason of their
that majority of civil settlements analogical to the Ostrite presence on civil settlement 90 . The findings of glass pro-
Mogili site were situated beyond the borderline set at the duction waste, especially on the western part of the site,
distance of 2.22 km around the camp (Fig. 11). This is can indicate that some glass furnaces were placed here,
a distance suitable to the ancient measure of leugd". The simultaneously to these found in Novae, dated to the 3rd
area of the settlements, which received the municipal - 7th century A.D."
status reaches most frequently some tens hectares'". The
settlement placed 2.5 km east from the castra legionis IIta-
The significance
licae (Fig. 1) is relatively small with its 15 ha82, even if one
takes into account the possible erosion of the river bank 83 .
of the Ostrite Mogili settlement
Ιτι comparison the estimated area of canabae is 70-80 ha84. The civil settlement placed at Ostrite Mogili play-
The total area has to be reduced by the probable cemetery ed some quite noteworthy role at least to the half of the
in south-western part of the site, or even little further 3rd century A.D. The significantly small amount of the
along the road, as the cemetery continues east from the Late Roman artefacts is a testimony of the abandonment
site. Maybe the area between the borderline set by leuga or destruction of the settlement in this period. Maybe the
and the place, where the western side of settlement was process of abandonment began some years earlier, when
localised, also belongs to the site. Unfortunately that the reforms of Septimius Severus allowing soldiers living
sector is covered with private estates and intensively in canabae were introduced and the settlements around

76The vast majority of civil settlements raised on the territories 83 Ibidem; LIPA 2000: 136, fig. 1.
conquered by Romans was located on the plain fields, in places 84 CONRAD, STANCHEV 2002: 674.
different from the pre-Roman settlements; cf. PETRIKOVITS 85 VITRUV, VI, 1; TAC., Ger. I, 16: Vicos locant non in nos-
1977: 94-95. Traces of Late Bronze and Late Iron Age settle- trum morem conexis et cohaerentibus aediftciis: suam quisque do-
ment were notified east from the camp; cf. CHICHIKOVA mum spatio circumdat, sive adversus casus ignis remedium sive in-
1980: 60-63; PRESS, SARNOWSKI 1987: 292-293. scitia aedificandi.
77 DONEVSKI 1991: 96; CONRAD 2006, 312-313, fig. 4. P. ex. LENGYEL, RADAN 1980: fig. 21 {Aquincum)·,
78 A few sherds dated to this period were found also west from HORN 1987: fig. 542 {Xanten).
Vardim in 2000. 87 CONRAD, STANCHEV: loc.cit.

79 CONRAD, STANCHEV 2002; CONRAD 2003; see n. 56. 88 Cf. HESBERG, ZANKER 1997.

80The term extra leugam is attested by three inscriptions from 89 Cf. PETRIKOVITS 1977: 102; VITTINGHOFF 1974:

Pfaffenberg near Carnuntum, cf. PISO 1991 (AE 1982: 777- 121-122. Stamped bricks and tiles were also used in graves, also
778; CIL III, 14358). in cemeteries extra leugam.
90 MASON 1988: 167.
" PETRIKOVITS 1977: 94; PISO 1991.
82 PETRIKOVITS: loc.cit. 91 OLCZAK 1998: 87-89.

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 MUNICIPIUM NOVENSIUM? R E P O R T O N T H E FIELD SURVEY A T O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

the camp had been growing up. But it seems, that the top- arguments including the lack of traces of secondary use
ography of castra surroundings are strictly connected with on the altar erected by Iulius Statilis95 . Even if these facts
the presence of custom border east from Novae11. The set- are coincidental, the fact is, that the epigraphic data men-
tlement placed the closer to the border could have pro- tioning m(unicipium) N(ovensium) or origo Nov. (if they
fited most, thus the civil settlement near Novae is orient- refer to Novae on the Lower Danube) are dated as early
ed west (Fig. 1). In addition, the need for safety, which as the beginning of 3rd century A.D.96 According to
could be given by the camp, caused systematic attraction L. Mrozewicz, who researched the population of Novae,
of civilians". This corresponds with the building of walls the municiplization of the civil settlement could have
of so-called eastern annexe of Novae. Such nucleation of been at the time of Marcus Aurelius97, but the analysis of
civil and military sites is typical for the Lower Danube area the names is very doubtful·"1. Anyway, the inhabitants of
in that period'4. The question is which of these two sites the settlement at Ostrite Mogili most probably had a big
received the municipal status and when. The answer seems chance to become a population of municipium — never-
to be not clear and has to wait for the further discoveries. theless where it was located.
Adherents of municipalization of canabae can use some

Catalogue
(description of fabric: finds from 1979 according to T. Sarnowski; finds from 2000 according to A. Tomas; about
description of localization in inventory, see note 35)

1 — fragment of a hand-made vessel, body-sherd, fabric with medium-grained inclusions, medium quantity of mica
and lime, slightly porous structure, hard, rough surface, colour 2.5YR6/6, applied ornament; inv. no. 5/32/00m
(Fig. 13. 1);
2 — fragment of a hand-made vessel, wheel turned after modelling, body-sherd, fabric with medium-grained inclusions,
medium quantity lime and sand, porous structure, hard, rough surface, colour from 5YR6/4 to 10YR5/4, ornament
applied; inv. no. 4/4/00m (Fig. 13. 2);
3 - fragment of a terra sigillata vessel, fine fabric without inclusions; colour of fabric 5YR6/4, coating 5YR5/6; inv. no.
35/00w; stripe 19, separated from mass finds (Fig. 13. 3);
4 — rim of a bowl, fine fabric without inclusions, medium hard, fabric beige 5YR6/4, moderate surface, inside coating
slightly lighter than outside 2.5YR5/6; inv. no. l/60/00m (Fig. 13. 4);
5 - rim of a bowl type Conspectus 1990 form 8, fine fabric with small amount of tiny lime, several quartz grits, slight-
ly porous, hard, fabric greyish-beige 2.5YR5/6, dark red glittering thick coating 2.5YR4/8; inv. no. 2/8/00m
(Fig. 13. 5);
6 — rim of a bowl type Drag. 35, relief ornament, dark red, thick coating; inv. no. 33/79w (Fig. 13. 6);
7 — rim of a bowl type Conspectus 1990 form 7, fine fabric with several small inclusions of mica, rather dense struc-
ture, hard, rough surface, fabric beige 7.5YR7/6, coating red with reddish tinge 5YR5/6-5/8; inv. no. 9/9/00m
(Fig. 13. 7);
8 - rim of a dish, fabric rather dense, several tiny lime inclusions, colour of fabric 5Y5/1, surface 2.5Y5/1, inside paint-
ed brown strips; inv. no. 18/00w; stripes 22, 23, from mass finds (Fig. 13. 8);

92Portorium ripae Thraciae about A.D. 100 reached canabae of 96 CIL VI, 32627; cf. SARNOWSKI 1984: 228, η. 30.
Dimurn, ISM I, 67, 68, Histria. On discussion about the cus- 97 MROZEWICZ 1982: 83-84.
tom border see GEROV 1980a: 22; NESSELHAUF 1939:
98 MROZEWICZ 1982: 83-84. Aelii and Aurelii attested in
334; 0 R S T E D 1985: 270.
Novae can be immigrants from Dacia. Cf. IGLNov 91 and
93 MROZEWICZ 1984: 296.
MROZEWICZ 1982: 24. Another Aelius named Alexander
94 PANAITE, MAGUREANU 2002: 159. had lived in the first half of the 3rd century; cf. TOMAS, SAR-
9i GEROV 1977: 300. NOWSKI 2007.

121
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

9 - bottom of a dish with concave ornament, fabric with medium-grained sand inclusion, small amount of lime and
mica, slightly porous, fabric grey 5Y5/1, thick matt coating of brownish-purple colour 10YR5/1-4/1; inv. no.
1/145/OOm (Fig. 13. 9);
10 - stem of a stemmed goblet, sea-green glass, small amount of bubbles; inv. no. 40/00w; stripe 17, separated from mass
finds (Fig. 13. 10);
11 - stem from a stemmed goblet, translucent, non-coloured glass; inv. no. 57/00w; stripe 10-12, separated from mass
finds (Fig. 13. 11);
12 - rim of a jug, sea-green glass, big amount of long bubbles, surface moderate; inv. no. 17/la/00m (Fig. 13. 12);
13 - fragment of a cup, fabric with small amount of tiny inclusions, several small grits of lime, dense, hard, colour of
fabric 5YR6/4, coating 2.5YR4/6, ornament applied; inv. no. ЗА/71/OOm (Fig. 14. 1);
14 - fragment of a cup, fabric with tiny inclusions, small quantity of tiny mica and lime, dense, hard, crumbly coating,
colour of fabric 2.5Y7/2, coating 5YR6/8, ornament applied; inv. no. l/l4l/00m (Fig. 14. 2);
15 - rim of a bowl, fabric as 14, colour of fabric 5YR6/6, coating 2.5YR5/8, ornament applied; inv. no. 7/13/00m
(Fig. 14. 3);
16 - rim of a bowl, fabric as 15, ornament applied, colour of fabric 7.5YR6/4, coating 10R5/8; inv. no. 7/4/00m
(Fig. 14. 4);
17 - rim of a bowl, fine fabric with tiny inclusions, several lime, dense, hard, moderate surface, crumble coating, colour
of fabric 5YR7/6, coating 5YR6/6; inv. no. 1/168/OOm (Fig. 14. 5);
18 - rim of a censer, fabric with medium-grained inclusions, surface porous, cream-coloured, additional applique on the
rim; inv. no. 134/79w (Fig. 14. 6);
19 - rim of a jug, fine fabric without inclusions, dense, hard, surface moderate, colour of fabric beige, crumble coating,
orange; inv. no. 2/kl/00m (Fig. 14. 7);
20 - rim of an amphora, fabric with big amount of medium-grained inclusions of sand and red grits, big amount of
medium-sized mica flecks, porous, soft, colour 7.5YR7/4; inv. no. 3/24/OOm (Fig. 14. 8);
21 - rim of a coarse bowl, fabric with medium-grained inclusions of sand and red grits, medium quantity of lime inclu-
sions, rather dense, fabric 7.5YR2.5/1, surface 2.5Y4/2; inv. no. 3/30/00m (Fig. 14. 9);
22 — fragments of glass windows, non-coloured glass; inv. no. 6/00w; east from stripe 24, beyond searched area
(Fi. 15. 1);
23 - stamp on a brick/tile [LE]G I I[TAL]; inv. no. l/79c (Fig. 15. 2);
24 - stamp [LEG] I ITAL on a brick/tile; inv. no. l/00c; stripe 24, 33, no. 5 (Fig. 15. 3);
25 - stamp PC Ρ on a brick/tile; inv. no. 2/00c; stripe 24, by the road sq. 1 (Fig. 15. 4);
26 - stamp [C ATON M]A[G] on a brick/tile; inv. no. 3/00c; stripe 15, sq. 13, no. 2 (Fig. 15. 5);
27 - stamp С A[TON MAG] on a brick/tile; inv. no. 4/kl/00m; western part of the site, no accurate localization
(Fig. 15. 6);
28 - stamp on a brick/tile С ATON [MAG]; inv. no. 2/79c (Fig. 15. 7);
29 - rim of mortarium, coarse fabric with big amount of sand and mica, several big grits of lime, porous structure, rough
surface, hard, colour orange-beige; inv. no. GR/1/00 (Fig. 16. 1);
30 - rim of a bowl, fabric with big amount of tiny mica and several inclusions of lime, rather dense, moderate, hard,
covered with slightly crumbling coating, fabric orange-beige, surface orange, ornament applied; inv. no. GR/2/00
(Fig. 16. 2);
31 - fragment of a jug with handle, fabric as 30, soft, powdery surface, fabric beige, covered with light brown, crum-
bling coating; inv. no. GR/3/00 (Fig. 16. 3);
32 - fragment of a jar, wheel turned, fabric with medium-grained inclusions of sand, big quantity of tiny lime, small
quartz grits, porous, rough surface, hard, colour light grey; inv. no. GR/4/00 (Fig. 16. 4);
33 - fragment of a dish, fine fabric with tiny inclusions, without inclusions, rather dense, hard, surface moderate, matt
coating inside; inv. no. GR/5/00 (Fig. 16. 5);
34 - stamp LEG I ITAL on a brick/tile; from the grave; inv. no. GR/6/OOc (Fig. 16. 6);

122
 MUNICIPIUM NOVENSIUM? R E P O R T O N T H E FIELD S U R V E Y A T O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

35 — terracotta torso of an eagle, fine fabric with small amount of inclusions, soft, crumbling coating, fabric colour
orange-red; inv. no. 63/00w; stripe 4, sq. 5, no. 2 (Fig. 16. 7);
36 - coin, antoninianus of Probus; AE, Siscia, RIC 644; Av: bust in corona radiata right, IMP С M AVR PROBUS AVG;
Rv: Probus standing right, receives the globe from Jupiter standing left, CLEMENTLA TEMP, in a field: A, below
XXI; inv. no. 62/00w, ca 30 m west from the stripe 1, sq. 10 (Fig. 16. 8);
37 - coin, AE, Elagabalus, Ρ aut alia (Thrace); Av: bust laureate right, [AYT Κ M AYP ANTONEINOC]; Rv: Nemesis
standing left, OYAFIIAC ПАУ[ТАЛ1АС]; inv. no. 47/00w, stripe 15, sq. 15, no. 2; not illustrated;
38 - coin, bronze, diam. 2 cm, Thrace, half of 3rd cent. A.D. (Trajan Decius?); inv. no. 12/00w, stripe 23, sq. 24, no.
5; not illustrated;
39 - arrow spike, bronze; inv. no. 5/00w; stripe 22, sq. 14, no. 4 (Fig. 17. 1);
40 - arrow spike, bronze; inv. no. 10/00w; stripe 23, sq. 25, no. 5 (Fig. 17. 2);
41 - arrow spike, bronze; inv. no. 70/00w; stripe 10, sq. 11, no. 4 (Fig. 17. 3);
42 - iron knife; inv. no. 4l/00w; stripe 14, sq. 16, no. 6 (Fig. 17. 4);
43 - iron knife; inv. no. 51/00w; stripe 3, sq. 3, no. 7 (Fig. 17. 5);
44 - bronze ring; inv. no. 44/00w; stripe 18, no accurate localization (Fig. 17. 6);
45 - fragment of a votive plate, marble (Fig. 17. 7);
46 — fragment of a glass bracelet, dark blue glass; inv. no. 39/00w; stripe 12A, sq. 9, no. 4 (Fig. 18. 1);
47 - fragment of a glass bracelet, dark blue glass; inv. no. 16/OOw; stripe 23, sq. 9, no. 4 (Fig. 18. 2);
48 - fragment of a glass bracelet, dark blue glass; inv. no. 9/00w; stripe 23, sq. 3, no. 1 (Fig. 18. 3);
49 - coin, bronze, follis, anonymous Byzantine emission, 10th- 11th cent. A.D.; Av: bust of Christ in a halo en face,
EMMANOVHA IX-XC; Rv: IhSVS XRISTVS BASILEV BASILE in four lines; inv. no. 25/00w; stripe 3, sq. 4,
no. 1 (Fig. 18. 4);
50 - rim of a hand made vessel, wheel turned after modelling, fabric as 47, porous, hard, rough surface, fabric black, sur-
face beige, traces of fire, incised ornament; inv. no. 13/la/00m (Fig. 18. 5);
51 - fragment of a hand-made vessel, body sherd, fabric with a big quantity of medium-grained inclusions of sand, big
quantity of lime, very big quantity of little flecks of mica, porous, rough surface, fabric grey, surface beige to grey,
waved ornament; inv. no. 20/la/00m (Fig. 18. 6);
52 - rim of a hand-made vessel, fabric with big quantity of small sand grits, lime and mica, porous, rough surface, hard,
colour greyish-beige; inv. no. l4a/kl/00w (Fig. 18. 7);
53 - fragment of a hand-made vessel, wheel-turned after modelling (?), fabric with big amount of coarse-grained inclu-
sions of sand (small translucent grits), big quantity of lime, tiny mica flecks and red inclusions, porous, hard, rough
surface, fabric black, surface greyish-beige, the relief „potter's stamp"; inv. no. 23/la/00m (Fig. 18. 8).

Abbreviations
Dacia N.S. Dacia, Nouvelles series ·
GSUFF Godishnik na Sofijskiya Universitet Fakultet po Klasicheski i Novi Filologii
GSUIF Godishnik na Sofijskiya Universitet Istoriko-Filozoficheski Fakultet
LAI Izvestiya na Archeologicheskiya Institut
IDR Inscriptiones Daciae romanae, vol. 5, fasc. 1-2, Inscriptions d'Apulum, I. Piso ed. [Mémoires de l'Acade-
mie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, vol. 24], Paris 2001.
IGLNov V. BOZILOVA, J. KOLENDO, Les inscriptions grecques et latines de Novae (Mésie Inférieure), Bor-
deaux 1997
IIMVT Izvestiya na Istoricheski Muzey Veliko Turnovo
IOMVT Izvestiya na Okruzhnija Muzey Veliko Turnovo
IRAIK Izvestiya Russkogo Arheologicheskogo Instituta v Konstantinopole
RE Real-Encyklopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, G. Wissowa ed.
RIC Roman Imperial Coinage
SHA Sriptores historiae Augustae (Historycy cesarstwa rzymskiego: żywoty cesarzy od Hadriana do Numeriana,
H. Szelest trad., Warszawa 1966)

123
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

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A G N I E S Z K A T O M A S (ΙΑ UW)

MUNICIPIUM No VENSIUM?
R E P O R T ON THE FIELD SURVEY A T O S T R I T E M O G I L I , V E L I K O T U R N O V O DISTRICT

SUMMARY

article presents field surveys made at the site several maps of dispersed materials were drawn. This
Ostrite Mogili, 2 km east from Novae, Moesia inferior allowed to reconstruct hypothetical infrastructure of the
(present northern Bulgaria). Materials registered during site.
two surveys in 1979 and 2000, as also the localization of The results of surveys brought the author to the
the site, indicate, that the settlement was probably a vicus conclusion, that the site existing from the 1st century
situated beyond the area controlled by the military camp. A.D. could have been destroyed seriously about the half
During the two field surveys materials visible on of the 3rd century A.D. In Late Roman and Early
the surface (building materials, pottery, other finds) were Byzantine period the workshops could have been placed
registered within the area of over 10 ha. On this basis there.

128
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 121
SETLLEMENT TRACES SANCTUARIES
φ EARLY R O M A N CEMETERIES
V LATE R O M A N KILNS
E A R L Y BYZANTINE i—> HARBOUR

Prund-Bißcrreskii
\vicus/ municipium?
SVÍ STO V Όstrife Mogiln _

č e L · ^ ^ - -

Liber Pątęr "

Fig. 1. Surroundings of the castra legionis I Italicae near Svishtov. Registered settlement traces from the Roman period.
By A. Tomas

Fig. 2. Ostrite Mogili - plan of the site. By A. Tomas

 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 122

Fig. 3. Ostříte Mogili. View from the west. Photo by Α. Tomas

Fig. 4. Ostrite Mogili. View from the east on the sector between the site and the legionary camp. Photo by A. Tomas
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 123
Fig. 5. Scheme of used method and
marking the units. Symbols
represent different categories
of finds. By A. Tomas
•
• 1
DIRECTION
•
• A

A χ A •
A
• A

A
5 m

— 5 ш — — 5 m — — 5 m— — 5 m
11
LEADER
NO. 1 NO. 2 NO. 1 N0.2

1 1
STRIPE 1 STRIPE 2

Fig. 6. Ostrite Mogili. Concentrations of pottery. Field survey from 1979 and 2000. By A. Tomas
 AGNIESZKA TOMAS

PLATE 124

1ST? 2-3RD 4-5TH 9-11TH 12-14TH

Fig. 7. Ostrite Mogili. Q u a n t i t i e s o f dated pottery

• GRAVE

• YEAR 1979

YEAR 2000

Fig. 8. Ostrite Mogili. Concentrations of debris. Field survey from 1979 and 2 0 0 0 . By A. T o m a s
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 125

GLASS PRODUCTION WASTE NON-ROMAN ADORMENTS

TERRACOTTA AND WEAPON
METAL FINDS ROMAN COINS
MEDIEVAL COINS
GRAVE HAND MILLS

WEAVING TOOLS

Fig. 9. Ostrite Mogili 2000. M a p of dispersion of the other finds. By A. T o m a s

Fig. 10. Amount of some vessel types

 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 126

NOVAF.SIUM

Хч DUROSTORUM
,\ч 0 2 km
I 1

Fig. 11. Some legionary camp sites

and their surroundings

Fig. 12. Ostrite Mogili. An attempt of reconstruction of infrastructure and building covering. By A. T o m a s
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 127

\ o o o ß

1
\ I
7 7

i
8

0 1 3 cm
1 , 1

11

< 4
r
10 12

Fig. 13. Ostrite Mogili. Fragments of pottery and glass. Nos. 1 , 2 — hand-made vessels (cat. nos. 1, 2); nos. 3-9 - import-
ed ware; 10-12 — glass vessels (cat. nos. 10-12). By A. T o m a s , T . Sarnowski, photo by J. Reclaw
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

/\/
PLATE 128

I
\
c. í
/
С

0 1 5 cm

η
r
\ I

r
Fig. 14. Ostrite Mogili. Fragments o f pottery (cat. nos. 1 3 - 2 1 ) . By A. T o m a s
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 129

Fig. 15. Ostrite Mogili. Fragments o f glass windows (cat. no. 2 2 ) and stamps (cat. nos. 2 3 - 2 8 ) . By A. T o m a s ,
T . Sarnowski
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 130

Fig. 16. Ostrite Mogili. Finds from a grave at the western part of the site. Nos. 1-6 - registered grave inventory (cat.
nos. 29-33), nos. 7, 8 - finds from the western part of the site (cat. nos. 35, 36). By A. Tomas, photo by
J. Recław
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

Fig. 17. Ostříte Mogili. Metal finds (cat. nos. 39-45). By Α. Tomas
 AGNIESZKA T O M A S

PLATE 132

Fig 18 0gili GlaSS j e W e , , e r y a n d findS fr0m medieval Se

· · · " l e m e n t <«• 46-53). ВУ A. Tomas, photo ЬУ

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