The sequence above clearly shows that the position of

COMPREHENSIVE the star around the cross is the key to solving this
ABSTRACT REASONING sequence. As the sequence continues the location of the star
is determined by a quarter turn counterclockwise rotation
every next figure. This results in the 4th solution where the
star is positioned at the bottom right part of the cross.

In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above, two

distinct patterns can be observed:
* Placing a square or rhomb alternating within or outside the
circle.
* Each additional figure changes the location of the square / In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above,
rhomb by a quarter turn counterclockwise rotation. three distinct patterns can be observed:
This results in the alternately placing of a rhomb and * The uppermost white circles with white crosses increase at
square, respectively, within and outside the circle, keeping first in number, after which the
in mind that the change of position follows the quarter turn amount of circles decrease in number again with increasing
counterclockwise rotation. The solution to this abstract sequence.
reasoning sequence is therefore the 4th one, where the square * De inner black circles with white crosses increase in
is positioned at the bottom and outside the circle. number with increasing sequence.
* The undermost white circles with black crosses decrease in
number with increasing sequence.
Therefore the solution to this abstract reasoning sequence
will consist of 1 uppermost circle, 5 middle ones and none at
the bottom.

In this test the degree of symmetry of the figure placed

within the circle decreases step by step. The pattern starts
with a circle, a line, a triangle and so on, continuing with
lower symmetry objects (and thus more side faces). This
automatically results in a hexagon placed in the circle as
the solution for this abstract reasoning sequence.
In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above, two
distinct patterns can be observed:
* As a basis the pattern consists at first of a circle, the
highest form of symmetry. This degree of symmetry decreases
as the sequence increases which results in objects with more
side faces.
* Within these objects an arrow is present, which will be In this sequence two distinct patterns can be observed.
rotated counterclockwise by a quarter turn with every next
figure in the sequence. * The persons face is alternately displayed from aside by
This results in a hexagon with the inner arrow directed increasing sequence.
downwards. * The amount of black circles increases with increasing
sequence.
This results in a person looking to the right with 5 black
circles in the figure.

Knowing the pattern of the position of the rhomb in the

above sequence is the key to solving this sequence. The rhomb
is rotated 450 counterclockwise in every following figure, at
which the colors within the rhomb alternate with each A rectangle is formed in parts in the above abstract
rotation. The solution to this sequence therefore is a reasoning sequence. When modeling the next rectangle, the
horizontal rhomb with the white side to the left. first line of this second rectangle will be placed on top of
the first line of the first rectangle. This means that in a
3d view you would see depth in this figure. Since this is a
2d view of the rectangle, it seems after modeling the first
rectangle nothing is changed anymore. The correct answer for
this 2d view is therefore the first one, which only shows a
rectangle.

The above sequence should be seen as a series of stacked

squares with alternating colors. At every next figure in the
sequence the uppermost square is removed, to end up with a
black square.

A decrease in the amount of central squares with

increasing sequence is the pattern in the sequence displayed
above. However, this decrease is not steady; the first
decrease consists of 1 central square, the second of 2 and
the third again of 1, so the pattern is repeating itself with
a decrease in the amount of central squares. The solution to
this abstract reasoning sequence will thus be a blank space.
  The image consists of a basic object containing a secondary
object. These objects are color incompatible and exchange
color every next image in the sequence.

 As the sequence progresses the degree of symmetry of the

basic object decreases (a circle has the highest degree of
symmetry). This pattern of symmetry is repeated.
The number of circles decreases with increasing sequence  Next to that there is a difference when the pattern is
in the picture displayed above. This decrease starts right at repeated. The first pattern consists of the same basic as
the top, moves to the left top and then continues at the secondary object. The second pattern however, consists of the
right and left bottom respectively. This pattern is repeated secondary object of its right neighbor image. This means that
over and over again until no circles are left. That means the solution consists of a black triangle as
that the correct answer in this case the third image is. basic object and a white circle as secondary object. This is
the third solution.

The object in the figure above is rotated

counterclockwise with increasing sequence, to create new The sequence starts with a circle containing a defined
images as the sequence continues. The solution is therefore a pattern. Next, a second circle with its own pattern is placed
vertical object, with in this case the black side to the left at the right of the first circle. Subsequent a third circle
as a result of the rotation. with again a defined pattern
is placed to the left, next to the already existing circles.
In this way the amount of defined circles
increases as the sequence increases, keeping in mind that the
new circles are placed alternately to
the right and left respectively. This results in the second
solution.

In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above,

three distinct patterns can be observed:
In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above, two The abstract reasoning sequence above consists of white and
distinct patterns can be observed: black circles. The sequence starts with one black circle and
* In every following figure in the sequence a smiley will be continues with circles consisting of two and four parts
obtaining a hat. respectively. Next the amount of circle parts in decreased
* The difficulty in this sequence is the change in position again to end up with one monochrome circle. In this case a
of the smiley with increasing sequence. white circle, which is in agreement with the third solution.

The smiley obtaining the hat will keep its position. The one
on the right and across the one receiving the hat however,
will rotate 1800. Be aware of the fact that only the smiley
rotates and not the hat. When a smiley with a hat needs
rotation, only the smiley rotates, resulting in a smiley with
a beard.
The solution to the sequence therefore consists of all
smileys wearing hats / beards. The fourth figure of the
sequence shows that only the uppermost and the right smiley In this sequence the time displayed on the clockworks is
should be rotated. This results in the fourth solution. of importance to solving the row. The uppermost left
clockwork displays a time of 9.00h, the second 9.45h, the
third 11.15h and the last one 14.15h. A closer look at these
times reveals that the difference between the first two
clockworks 45 minutes is, between the second and third 90
minutes and between the last two 180 minutes.
Repeating this pattern, results in a difference between the
fourth and fifth clockwork of 360 minutes.
The time displayed on the clockwork should thus be 20.15,
which is the second solution on the
left.
In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above, two
distinct patterns can be observed:
 As basic objects you have squares containing circles and
vice versa present in the figure.
 Next to that curls show up with increasing sequence,
starting at the top and placed clockwise. This results in a
square containing a circle and 4 curls.

In this abstract reasoning sequence, the amount of

leaflets is decreased as the sequence is increased. First the
uppermost left leaflet will fall off, then the undermost left
leaflet. Next the uppermost right leaflet will disappear,
after which the logical next step will be the removal of the
undermost right leaflet and thus resulting in the third
answer.
  The last pattern in this sequence contains the removal of
diagonals (uppermost right to undermost left). This removal

will start in the centre and work its way up via the left
diagonal to the removal of the right one.
All these patterns combined result in the third answer. After
all, this answer should contain 6 vertical stripes, 7
diagonals (uppermost left to undermost right) and 3 diagonals
(uppermost right to undermost left).
In order to obtain the answer from the sequence
displayed above, the objects displayed in the first ENGLISH, GRAMMAR & RELATED
figure of the sequence should switch places with each other:
 First the two most right objects switch places with each ANSWER TO GRAMMAR & CORRECT USAGE
other, resulting in the second figure.
 Next, the circle and square will change places, resulting 35. 1
in the third figure. This means that switching of the objects Between the three of us, I think I am the slowest runner.
occurs clockwise. Correct Sentence: Among the three of us, I think I am the
 The next switch in place therefore takes place between the slowest runner.
circle and the square, which results in the fourth figure. Explanation: Among is used to refer to 3 or more members of
A logical next step will be switching the triangles. However, the group, while between is used to refer
since these objects are the same, the solution to this to two member of the group.
sequence will be the same as the figure we started the
switching procedure with. 37.2
There are scarcely no more birds in this city.
Correct sentence: There are scarcely any birds in this city.
Explanation: Double negative. Scarcely and no more are both
negative word/phrase

38.4
This fruit contains fewer sugar.
Correct sentence: This fruit contains less sugar.
Explanation: Fewer is used to describe plural nouns (how
In the abstract reasoning sequence displayed above, three many) while less is used to describe
distinct patterns can be observed: singular nouns (how much). Sugar is singular.
 In every next figure in the sequence a vertical line will
be added 39.2
 Next to that also a diagonal line (uppermost left to I have never seen nothing as beautiful as this city.
undermost right) will be added at both sides in every Correct sentence: I have never seen anything as beautiful as
following figure. Since the first figure does not contain this city.
such a diagonal, the second figure Explanation: Double negative. Never seen and nothing are both
will contain 1 diagonal. In the following figures a diagonal negative word/phrase.
at both sides of this starting one will be placed.
40.4 Correct sentence: All the students have finished their
Place the mirror on the wall to give you an allusion of report.
bigger room.

Correct sentence: Place the mirror on the wall to give you an Explanation: In this sentence, "all" refers to many students,
illusion of bigger room. therefore "have" is the correct verb.
Explanation: Allusion means "a passing or casual reference,"
while illusion means "something
that deceives by producing a false or misleading impression
of reality." 46.3
He was a honorable man.
41. We were lucky we didn't have typhoon this month. Correct sentence: He was an honorable man.
(No Error) Explanation: A is used before words beginning with a
consonant sound (a car, a pencil), while an is
42. 3 used to before words beginning with vowel sounds (an ant, an
My favorite vegetable are peas. egg). An is also used to before words
Correct sentence: May favorite vegetable is peas. beginning with the consonant h when h is not pronounced (such
Explanation: The subject is favorite is singular, therefore as honorable).
the verb are should be is.
47.3
43.2 The recently heavy flooding effected the crops of farmers.
Either James or John are going to lead the choir in the Correct sentence: The recently heavy flooding affected the
recital tomorrow. crops of farmers.
Correct sentence: Either James or John is going to lead the Explanation: Affect means "to influence" while effect means
choir in their recital tomorrow. "the result of some actions.
Explanation: In either or statements, the verb considers the
subject after the or statement. The 48.2
subject John is singular, so the verb should be is. Emmanuel could of passed the examinations if he had studied
44.3 hard enough.
The additional supplies that we need to bring are: band aids, Correct sentence: Emmanuel could have passed the examinations
cottons, alcohol, and gauze. if he studied hard enough.
Correct sentences:The additional supplies that we need to Explanation: The word "of' is not used after the verb could.
bring are band aids, cottons, alcohol,
and gauze. (The colon was deleted). 49. 2
The additional supplies that we need to bring are the I believe that were going to have a prosperous new year.
following: band aids, cottons, alcohol, and gauze. Correct sentence: I believe that we're going to have a
Explanation: The colon is used before a list of items prosperous new year.
especially after expressions like the following and Explanation: The word were is the past tense of was while
as follows. Do not use a colon before a verb or a we're is the contraction of we are.
preposition.
50. 3
45.2 Paul Erdos was a mathematician who writes a lot of research
All the students has finished their report. papers in collaboration with other mathematicians.
Correct Sentence: Paul Erdos was a mathematician who wrote a
lot of research papers in
collaboration with other mathematicians.

Explanation: The tense of the verbs in a sentence must be

consistent unless there is a reason to change. The verb was
is past tense, so the verb writes must be changed to wrote.

ENGLISH, GRAMMAR & RELATED

BUILDING VOCABULARY, PREFIXES,ROOTS&SUFFIXES
ENGLISH, GRAMMAR & RELATED
COMMON PREFIXES