MAPEH 2ND QUARTER REVIEWER

MUSIC

Classical Era
● Age of Reason
● period from 1750- 1820
● cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who
generally influenced the arts

Classicism
● middle of the 18th century
● Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts
● pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure
● Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility.

Important Historical Events in West during Classical Era

● French Revolution
● Napoleonic Wars
● American Declaration of Independence (1776)
● American Revolution

Classical
● denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greek and Roman
literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified. The same
characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music.
● Harmony and texture are homophonic in general.
● The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and
diminuendo.
● A style of broken chord accompaniment called; Alberti Bass was practiced.

Great Composers of Classical Period

- Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

● born on March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Australia
● died on May 31, 1809 in Vienna, Austria
● known as Father of the Symphony
● One of the most popular composers of the classical period.
● His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story.
● His brilliance in music helped him become a famous personality and raised his social
status.
● His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but
with touches of humor.
 ● He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the
Esterhazy family for 30 years.
● He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for
a large orchestra.
● He excelled in every music genre of the period.
● He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works.

His Symphonies:
- Surprise Symphony
- The Clock
- The Military

- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756- 1791)

● born on January 27, 1757 in Salzburg, Austria
● died on December 5, 1791 in Vienna, Austria
● At age five (5), he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord
● At six (6), he was recognized as an exceptional pianist
● At seven (7), he was already composing excellent music
● At age thirteen (13), he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious
works, and operas and operettas.
● He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works.
● Due to mismanaged finances, he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in
an unknown grave.

His Compositions and Works:

- The Marriage of Figaro (1786)
- Don Giovanni (1789)
- The Magic Flute
- Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
- Symphony No. 40 in G Major
- Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311

- Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)

● born on December 17, 1770 in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied
music at an early age.
● died on March 26, 1827 in Vienna, Austria
● He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era.
● He was a talented pianist and composer.
● He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued
composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget.
● Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.

His Famous Compositions:

- 32 piano sonatas
- 21 set of variations
- 9 symphonies
 - 5 concertos for piano
- 16 string quartets
- Choral music

His Works:
- Missa Solemnis (1818-1823)
- opera “Fidelio” (1805)

His Known Symphonies:

- Symphony No. 3 (Eroica)
- Symphony No. 5
- Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral)
- Symphony No. 9 (Choral)

Characteristics of Beethoven’s works:

➢ His music veered toward larger orchestras.
➢ Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his
music a darker mood.
➢ All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif.
➢ He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation
➢ He used more brass instruments and dynamics

Instrumental Forms in Classical Era

Sonata
● was a very popular form of composition
● A multi-movement work for solo instrument
● came from the word “Sonare” which means “to make a sound”
● applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin.
● famous composers of the classical period like Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven all wrote sonatas.
Haydn and Mozart usually wrote sonatas in 3 movements.

Movements of the Sonata

a. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement
b. 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.),
c. 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is three-four (3/4) time and in a moderate or fast tempo.

Sonata Form
● also called first-movement form or sonata-allegro form.
● a musical structure that is usually a part of the first movement of various Western
instrumental genres like sonatas, symphonies, and string quartets.

Basic elements of Sonata Form

a. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme
b. Development - the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being
developed
 c. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition

Concerto
● a piece of music composed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
● written to feature the musical skills and expressiveness of a single musician / the soloist,
while being accompanied by a large group of musicians that make up the orchestra.

Three (3) Movements of Concerto:

➔ FAST, SLOW, and FAST

Symphony
● A multi-movement work for orchestra
● derived from the word “Sinfonia” which means “a harmonious sounding together”

Four (4) Movements of the Symphony:

1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form
2nd Movement: Slow: gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation
3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo)
4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form

Opera
● is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting.

Two Vocal Forms in Classical Era

a. Opera Seria
● serious opera
● usually implies heroic or tragic drama that uses mythological characters, which was
inherited from the Baroque period
● “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria

b. Opera Buffa
● comic opera from Italy
● made use of everyday characters and situations, and usually used spoken dialogues,
lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor, and social satire
● “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of
popular Opera Buffa by Mozart.
ARTS
(u can check ur book hehe para sa artworks n sculptures!)

Renaissance Period (1400-1600)

Renaissance Art
● means rebirth
● flourished in the Italian City of Florence
● the era of great creativity in painting, sculpture, and literature
● the period of economic progress
● characterized by accurate anatomy, scientific perspective, and deeper language
● Period of artistic experimentation
● the time when people rediscovered the glories of ancient Greece and Rome
● an era of great intellectual and artistic achievement with the birth of secular art
● focus was on realistic and humanistic art (real life figures)

Famous Renaissance Artworks and Artists

1. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)

● Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet
● greatest living artist in his lifetime
● one of the greatest artists of all time
● his outstanding works as sculptor:
- Pieta
- David
- Bacchus
- Moses
- Dying Slave
- Dawn and Dusk
● Pieta and David were sculpted before he turned thirty (30).
● He also created two of the most influential works: the scenes from Genesis on the
ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

2. Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452- 1519)

● a painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician
● known as the ultimate “Renaissance man” because of his intellect, interest, talent, and
his expression of humanist and classical values.
● popularized in present times through the novel and movie, “Da Vinci Code”
● he was also considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the
most diversely talented person to have ever lived
● his works were:
- The Last Supper (the most reproduced religious painting of all time)
- The Vitruvian Mar
- The Adoration of the Magi
 - Virgin of the Rocks.
- Mona Lisa
➔ the most famous and most parodied portrait
➔ stems from a description who wrote, “Leonardo undertook to paint for
Francesco del Giocondo the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife.”
➔ Mona, in Italian, is a polite form of address originating as Madonna -
similar to Ma’am, madamme, or My Lady in English.
➔ commonly spelled in Modern Italian as Monna Lisa
➔ traditionally spelled as Mona Lisa

3. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)

● Italian painter
● architect of the High Renaissance period
● his work was admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and for its visual
achievement of interpreting the Divine and incorporating Christian doctrines
● he formed the traditional trinity of great masters of that period - together with
Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci
● his famous works were:
- The Sistine Madonna
- The School of Athens
- The Transfiguration
➔ Raphael’s last painting which he worked on up to his death
➔ commissioned by Cardinal Giulio de Medici, the late Pope Clement VII
➔ conceived as an altarpiece for the Narbonne Cathedral in France

4. Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386- 1466)

● one of the Italian great artists
● early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence
● he is known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture
● his famous works were:
- David
- Statue of St. George
- Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata
- Prophet Habacuc
- The Feast of Herod

Baroque Period (1600-1800)

Baroque Art
● derived from the Portuguese word barocco which means “irregularly shaped pearl or stone”
● a period of artistic styles in exaggerated motion, drama, tension, and grandeur.
● describes a complex idiom and focuses on painting, sculpture, as well as architecture
● the period that utilizes a lot of ornamentation and uses exaggerated motion and contrast that
leads to a dramatic effect
● reflects the tensions of the age by the Catholic church in Rome
 ● medium for spreading the message of Counter-Reformation
● use to propagate Christianity by the Roman Catholic Church
● use for architecture and arts to impress visitors, express triumph, power, and control by the
aristocracy

Famous Baroque Artworks and Artists

1. Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571- 1610)

● better known as Caravaggio
● Italian artist who wanted to deviate from the classical masters of the Renaissance
● he was an outcast in his society because of his own actions and the lack of modesty and
reverence for religious subjects in his own paintings
● zmong his famous paintings were: Supper at Emmaus, Conversion of St. Paul, and
Entombment of Christ.

2. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

● Italian artist
● first Baroque artist
● greatest Baroque sculptor and architect
● he practiced architecture, and sculpture, painting, stage design
● he was also a playwright
● he was also the last in the list of the dazzling universal geniuses
● his early works were:
- The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun
- Damned Soul
- Blessed Soul
● he made a sculpture of “David” for Cardinal Borghese which is strikingly different from
Michelangelo’s David because it shows the differences between Renaissance and the
Baroque periods.
● his other famous works:
- Piazza San Pietro in front of the Basilica (one of his most innovative and
successful architectural designs)
- Ecstasy of St. Teresa
- Colonnade of the Piazza of St. Peter’s Rome

3. Peter Paul Rubens (1577- 1640)

● Flemish Baroque painter
● he was well known for his paintings of mythical and figurative subjects, landscapes,
portraits, and counter-reformation altarpieces
● his famous works were:
- Samson and Delilah
- Landscape with a Tower
- Portrait of Helene Fourment
- The Three Graces

4. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)

 ● brilliant Dutch realist, painter, and etcher
● one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art
● he was interested in spiritual values and often chooses religious subjects
● his well- known work was his “Self portrait in Old Age”
● Rembrandt had produced over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings, and 2000
drawings

5. Diego Velasquez (1599- 1660)

● Spanish Baroque artist
● one of the finest masters of composition
● one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age
● his famous works were:
- The Surrender of Breda
- Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour)
- Los Borrachos (The Drinker)
- Maria Theresa

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Dance Etiquette
- is a set of guidelines that help you navigate the social dimension of dancing.

1. What To Wear

Attire Gentlemen Ladies

FORMAL - Tailcoat - Ball Gown

- Tuxedo coat - Evening Gown
- Regular coat - Dinner Gown
- Bow Tie or Regular - Cocktail Gown
Necktie
- Black Trouser

SEMI-FORMAL - Dress Shirt and Tie - Dinner dress

- Vest / Sweater that shows - Flowing pants
the tie

DRESSY CASUAL - Solid Color T-shirts - Anything that displays

(Practices, Dance - Turtle Neck conservative, toned-down
Lessons) - Polo Shirt appearance
- Cotton Slacks
 LATIN - Button-up shirt - Sexy Outfits
- Solid T-shirt - Long slit skirts
- Turtleneck - Low necklines
- Dress slacks, - Exposed midriffs

(Bright colorful outfits are

accepted)

2. Personal Grooming

Before the Dance During the Dance

- Shower and use deodorant - Check your grooming periodically

- Brush teeth and use mouthwash / - Freshen up and towel off periodically
breath mint in the bathroom
- Abstain from foods that produce - Carrying an extra shirt is advisable for
strong odor men in case need to change
- Don’t smoke it causes foul mouth and
clothing odor

3. Asking for A Dance

4. On the Floor

● Line of Direction
● Avoid colliding with Other Pairs
● Be Polite
● Thank or Compliment your partner
● Accompany your partner back to her seat

5. No-Fault Dancing

● Never blame a partner for missed execution of figures

● Dance to the level of your partner
● The show must go on. “Say sorry” to your partner if something goes wrong.
● Be responsible, smile, and make eye contact with your partner.
● Project a positive image on the dance floor even if it is not your personal style
● If you do not know the dance, refuse if asked to dance.
● No teaching on the dance floor. It may insult your partner.
● Do not cut other dancers off.

6. Dance Floor Demeanor/Behavior

Social Dances
- are communal dances performed in social gatherings in any give space.

2 Classification of Social Dances

Latin-American Dances
➔ Worn costumes that are revealing, tight fitting, sexy, yet sophisticated.
➔ Free in movements and can be performed in close or open hold.
➔ The nature of the movement shows rhythmic expression and sensual style.

Modern Standard Dances

➔ Wear formal, ankle length gowns and coat and tie.
➔ Movements are restricted to close ballroom position with partner.

Latin-American Dances Origin Modern Origin

Standard
Dances

Cha cha cha Cuba Slow Waltz Austria

- It is a lively, fun, cheeky, and playful
dance.

Rumba Cuba Tango Argentina

- It is recognized for the subtle side-to-side
hip movements with the erect torso.

Samba Brazil Viennese Waltz Vienna

- It is known for the simple forward and
backward steps, tilting and rocking body
movements.

Paso Doble Spain Foxtrot USA

- It is a passionate dance based on a
Spanish bullfight. The leader represents
the proud Spanish matador and the
woman or follower is the Matador’s cape.

Jive/Boogie USA Quickstep USA

- It is described as a very happy, boppy,
lively dance, with many knee-lifting,
bending, and rocking of the hips.

Swing USA
- It is known as an energetic style of
dancing in which a dancer often lifts,
spins, and flips his or her partner.

Merengue Dominican
- It is a fun, fast, and easy dance made up of Republic
 simple steps. It is composed of a
non-progressive dance, but can also travel
counter-clockwise around the floor.

Salsa Cuba
- It is a combination of many Latin and
Afro-Caribbean dances whose movements
was coming from the Cuban Son,
Cha-Cha-Cha, Mambo, and other dance
forms.

Mambo Cuba
- It is recognized as a fast and spicy dance.
The Cuban motion, staccato movement
and expression of rhythm through the
body is noticeable.

Cha-cha-cha Steps

Basic Name of Step Step Pattern Counting

1 Weight Transfer R-Fw, L-Bw 1, 2

(Rock Step)

2 R Chasse Fw R-Fw, L-C to R. R-Fw 1 and 2

3 Weight Transfer L-Fw, R-Bw 1, 2

(Rock Step)

4 L Chasse Fw L-Bw, R-C to L, L-Bw 1 and 2

5 Alemana Turn L-Fw (Pivot Halfway Turn R), R-Fw (Pivot 1, 2

Halfway Turn R) leading to a Chasse L Bw

6 New York (L over Step L across R in front, Step R in Place, 1, 2, 1 and 2

R) Chase L Sw, Step R over L in front, Chasse R 1, 2, 1 and 2
Sw

7 New York (R over Step R across L in front, Step L in Place, 1, 2, 1 and 2

L) Chase R Sw, Step L over R in front, Chasse L 1, 2, 1 and 2
Sw

8 Spot Turn same with Alemana Turn but done Sw 1, 2

leading to a Chasse Bw

Legend:
L Left Foot Fw Forward Chasse Meaning:
R Right Foot Bw Backward one of a series of gliding steps in ballet in which the same foot always C
Close Step Sw Sideward leads. three consecutive dance steps, two fast and one slow, to four
beats of music
Dance Mixers
- are social dances that allow a group of performers to change partners periodically while
dancing; a chance to get to know other members of the performing group.

Fitness Side of Social Dancing

● Has power to maintain and/or improve fitness.

FITT PRINCIPLES
​ Frequency
​ Intensity
​ Time
​ Type of Activity

HEALTH

2004
- an estimate of 6.7 million drug users in the Philippines was recorded by the Dangerous Drugs
Board (DDB)
2008 National Household Survey on the Nature and Extent of Drug Abuse in the Philippines
- revealed that there is a downward trend in the number of drug users down to 1.7 million
users

Different law-enforcing agencies:

1. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
2. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
3. Bureau of Customs
4. Philippine National Police (PNP)
- have helped arrest international and local drug syndicate members, traffickers, and
destroy secret laboratories and warehouses

Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

- strict implementation of policies like the compulsory drug test for application for firearms
licensing, entrance to military service, application of driver’s license, and others.

Actualization of the Dangerous Drugs Board’s programs and projects

in partnership with:
- Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
- Department of Education (DepEd)
- local government units (LGU)
 - non-government organizations (NGOs)

Drugs Scenario in the Philippines

Profile of Filipino Drug Users Findings (2019)

Ratio of Users (male to female): 9:1

Mean Age: 32 years old

Civil Status: Single (49.28%)

Employment Status: Employed

Educational Attainment: High School Level

Average Monthly Household Income: Php 13, 695.65

Duration of Drug Use: 6 years and more

Residence: Urban areas

Nature of Drug Use: Mono drug use (abuse of 1 drug only)

Common Drugs of Abuse Used: (1st) Shabu (2nd) Marijuana (3rd) Inhalants

Drugs
- are any substances or chemicals which when taken into the body, either through nasal, oral,
transdermal or intravenous way, have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects on a
person.

Drugs of Abuse
- are drugs commonly abused by users. In the Philippines, the three most common drugs of
abuse are shabu, marijuana and inhalants.

Drug Dependence
- is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in
which the use of a drug takes on a high priority, thereby creating a strong desire to take the
substance.

Drug Misuse
- is the use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or frequency
of use.

Drug Abuse
- is the use of a substance for non-medicinal purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage like
brain damage and liver damage, addiction and troubled behavioral patterns.

Drug Tolerance
 - is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body, thus requiring
an even larger amount of the substance to experience the same physiological and mental effect
experienced when taking the smaller dosage.

Risk Factors
- those influences that increase the chances of using, misusing, and abusing drugs

Protective Factors
- those influences which decrease the chances of using, misusing, and abusing drugs

PERSONAL (Early Aggressive Behavior vs. Self-control)

RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Use of drugs at an early age Good reasoning skills

Risk-taking behavior Self-control behavior

Experimentation Excellent social skills

Poor social skills and interaction Positive interaction with people

Childhood problems Sense of belonging

Feelings of isolation

FAMILY (Weak Parental Guidance vs. Strong Parental Guidance)

RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

History and patterns of drug use Good communication with people

Attitudes toward drug use Positive family relationship

Poor parenting and child rearing Clear and consistent family rules

Inconsistent family rules Positive expectation to child’s success in family,

school and community

Poor family values

Poor family ties

PEERS AND FRIENDS (Substance Abuse vs. Academic Excellence)

RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Association with peers and friends known to use Association with peers and friends who do not
gateway drugs (cigarettes and alcohol) use gateway drugs

Preference to stay with peers and friends than Formation of friendships

with family

Reliance on friends for emotional support

Inviting friends at home to know the family

SCHOOL (Availability of Drugs vs. Strong Anti-Drug Policies)

RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Poor academic performance Good to excellent academic performance

Lack of commitment to studies Participation to extra-curricular activities and

school organizations

Poor attendance in school Interest in attending classes

Involvement in fights and conflicts

COMMUNITY (Poverty vs. Strong Community Relationship)

RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Easy access to gateway drugs Strong community relationships

Poor community organization and neighborhood Active and positive community programs,
relationship projects and activities for the youth

Poor implementation of community laws Positive attitude which combat drug use

Negative attitudes which favor drug use Strong community advocacy against drugs

Euphoria
- is the high sensation of feeling good and extremely relaxed. It is a sensation brought about
by the chemical reactions of the neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, drugs affect your brain
process.
Facts about Drugs
1. Drugs of abuse do not improve memory.
2. Drugs of abuse do not help in the digestion of food.
3. Drugs of abuse place a user in a dangerous and life-threatening situation.
4. Drugs of abuse worsen life’s problems and worries.
5. Drugs of abuse do not heat up the body; instead, they make the body lose heat faster than
normal

Signs and Symptoms of a Drug User

➔ Declining interest in studies and work ➔ Reddish eyes
➔ Identification with known drug users ➔ Sudden loss in weight
➔ Negative outlook in life ➔ Frequent complaints of headache and
➔ Uncontrolled irritation stomach pains
➔ Paranoia ➔ Convulsions
➔ Severe feeling of depression and ➔ Frequent attacks of cough and runny
loneliness nose
➔ Complains of over fatigue (psychological ➔ Brown stains on fingertips
or physiological) ➔ Foul body smell
➔ Frequent involvement in petty fights and ➔ Wearing of sunglasses even at night
crimes ➔ Loss of balance
➔ Frequent changes of mood and extreme ➔ Loss of interest in sports and hobbies
mood swings ➔ Poor judgment and loss of inhibition
➔ Lousy physical appearance ➔ Loss of concentration

5 Types of Drugs
1. Gateway Drugs
- legal drugs that a non-drug user might try
- can lead them to more dangerous drugs
- tobacco (of any form) and alcohol are gateway drugs
- In the Philippines, people below 18 years of age are not allowed to buy and use gateway
drugs
.
2. Depressant drugs
- also called downers
- in the medical field, depressants are also called sedatives
- slow down a person’s central nervous system (CNS), includes the brain, spinal cords,
and nerves
- help certain persons to be less angry, less stressed, or tensed
- relax muscles and nerves
- make patients feel sleep and light-headed
- alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, and tranquilizers are examples of depressant drugs
- tranquilizers - mild depressants which are used to treat anxiety.
- barbiturates - stronger than tranquilizers and are used to treat insomnia and other
sleep disorders and control seizures.
 - hypnotics are the most powerful depressants.

3. Stimulant Drugs
- also known as uppers or speeders
- speed up a person’s central nervous system
- make a person’s energy high
- can stay awake for longer periods
- negative effects of stimulants are depression and tiredness
- amphetamines, shabu, caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine are examples of stimulants
- caffeine - is a stimulant which is found in soft drinks, energy drinks, coffee, tea and
chocolate
- some stimulants are legal while some are illicit and dangerous, illicit stimulants include
cocaine and methamphetamine or shabu

4. Narcotics
- also known as painkillers
- drugs that relieve pain and induce sleepiness
- administered in moderation to patients with mental disorders and those in severe pain
life cancer
- illicit and dangerous
- cocaine, heroin and marijuana are examples of narcotics

5. Hallucinogens
- also called psychedelics
- drugs which distort reality and facts
- affect all senses and makes user see, hear and feel things that don’t exist
- hallucinogen - came from the word hallucination which is to perceive illusions
- lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD, psilocybin (obtained from mushrooms) and
mescaline are examples of hallucinogens

6. Inhalants
- found in ordinary household chemical products and anesthetics
- foul smell of chemicals sniffed, inhaled or huffed by the user
- the effects of inhalants are similar to the effects of alcohol intoxication
- continuous use and abuse leads to delusions, brain damage, liver damage, coma and
death
- acetone, rugby or solvent, ordinary spray paint, cleaning fluids and air conditioner
fluid (Freon) are examples of inhalants