Pronouns

Inglés II
PRONOUNS
Pronouns replace nouns. A different pronoun is required depending on two

elements: the noun being replaced and the function that noun has in the sentence.
In English, pronouns only take the gender of the noun they replace in the 3rd
person singular form. The 2nd person plural pronouns are identical to the 2nd
person singular pronouns except for the reflexive pronoun.
Personal Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

pronouns pronouns adjectives pronouns pronouns
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
It It Its Its Itself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
You You Your Yours Yourselves
They Them Their Theirs Theirselves
Personal pronouns
Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their clause. In the 3rd
person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition of the subject's name.
Examples
 I am 16.
 You seem lost.
 Jim is angry, and he wants Sally to apologize.
 This table is old. It needs to be repainted.
 We aren't coming.
 They don't like pancakes.
Object pronouns
Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a
clause.
Examples
 Give the book to me.

 The teacher wants to talk to you.
 Jake is hurt because Bill hit him.
Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

Inglés II
 Rachid recieved a letter from her last week.

 Mark can't find it.
 Don't be angry with us.
 Tell them to hurry up!
Possessive adjectives (determiners)
Possessive adjectives are not pronouns, but rather determiners. It is useful to learn
them at the same time as pronouns, however, because they are similar in form to
the possessive pronouns. Possessive adjectives function as adjectives, so they
appear before the noun they modify. They do not replace a noun as pronouns do.
Examples
 Did mother find my shoes?

 Mrs. Baker wants to see your homework.
 Can Jake bring over his baseball cards?
 Samantha will fix her bike tomorrow.
 The cat broke its leg.
 This is our house.
 Where is their school?
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns as either the subject or the object
of a clause. Because the noun being replaced doesn't appear in the sentence, it
must be clear from the context.
Examples
 This bag is mine.

 Yours is not blue.
 That bag looks like his.
 These shoes are not hers.
 That car is ours.
 Theirs is parked in the garage.
Reflexive & intensive pronouns
Reflexive and intensive pronouns are the same set of words but they have different
functions in a sentence.
Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause because the subject of
the action is also the direct or indirect object. Only certain types of verbs can be
reflexive. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the
remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.

Inglés II
Examples
 I told myself to calm down.

 You cut yourself on this nail?
 He hurt himself on the stairs.
 She found herself in a dangerous part of town.
 The cat threw itself under my car!
 We blame ourselves for the fire.
 The children can take care of themselves.
Intensive pronouns emphasize the subject of a clause. They are not the object of
the action. The intensive pronoun can always be removed from a sentence without
changing the meaning significantly, although the emphasis on the subject will be
removed. Intensive pronouns can be placed immediately after the subject of the
clause, or at the end of the clause.
Examples
 I made these cookies myself.

 You yourself asked Jake to come.
 The Pope himself pardoned Mr. Brown.
 My teacher didn't know the answer herself.
 The test itself wasn't scary, but my teacher certainly is.
 We would like to finish the renovation before Christmas ourselves.
 They themselves told me the lost shoe wasn't a problem.
WATCH OUT
Please find out some information about the following pronouns:
1. Demonstrative pronouns
2. Interrogative pronouns

Inglés II
The Noun
A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action.
A noun can function as a subject, object, complement, appositive, or object of a
preposition.
PLURAL VS SINGULAR
Nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding s
at the end of the noun. But this is not always the case. There are exceptions to the rule.
Some plurals are irregular:
Singular Plural
fish Fish
tooth Teeth
man Men
woman Women
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
There are different types of nouns:
1. An abstract noun names an idea, event, quality, or concept (freedom, love,

courage...) Concrete nouns name something recognizable through the sense (table,
dog, house...)
2. Animate nouns refer to a person, animal, or other creature (man, elephant,

chicken...) An inanimate noun refers to a material object (stone, wood, table...)
3. A collective noun describes a group of things or people as a unit (family, flock,

audience...)

Inglés II
4. Common noun is the name of a group of similar things (table, book,

window...) Proper nouns, however, refer to the name of a single person, place or thing
(John, Joseph, London...)
5. Compound nouns refer to two or more nouns combined to form a single noun (sister-
in-law, schoolboy, fruit juice)
6. Countable (or count) nouns have a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns
can be used with a number- they can be counted. (friends, chairs, houses,
boys...) Uncountable (or non count) nouns, however, can only be used in singular. They
can't be counted. (money, bread, water, coffee...)
NOUN GENDER
Nouns answer the questions "What is it?" and "Who is it?" They give names to things,
people, and places.
EXAMPLES
Dog, bicycle, Mary, girl, beauty, France, world.
In general there is no distinction between masculine, feminine in English nouns.

However, gender is sometimes shown by different forms or different words when
referring to people or animals.
EXAMPLES
MASCULINE FEMININE GENDER NEUTRAL

man Woman Person
father Mother Parent
boy Girl Child
husband Wife spouse
actor Actress
Many nouns that refer to people's roles and jobs can be used for either a masculine or a
feminine subject, like for example COUSIN, TEENAGER, TEACHER, DOCTOR, STUDENT,
FRIEND, COLLEAGUE.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
boat boats
cat cats

Inglés II
A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.
bus buses
box boxes
wish wishes
A singular noun ending in a consonant and then y makes the plural by dropping the y and
adding-ies.
baby babies
city cities
IRREGULAR NOUNS
There are some irregular noun plurals. The most common ones are listed below.
tooth teeth man Men

child children foot Feet
person people leaf leaves
Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural.
sheep Sheep
fish Fish

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Inglés II

Pronouns replace nouns. A different pronoun is required depending on two

Personal Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

 Give the book to me.

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

 Rachid recieved a letter from her last week.

Possessive adjectives (determiners)

 Did mother find my shoes?

 This bag is mine.

Reflexive & intensive pronouns

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

 I told myself to calm down.

 I made these cookies myself.

Please find out some information about the following pronouns:

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS

There are different types of nouns:

1. An abstract noun names an idea, event, quality, or concept (freedom, love,

2. Animate nouns refer to a person, animal, or other creature (man, elephant,

3. A collective noun describes a group of things or people as a unit (family, flock,

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

4. Common noun is the name of a group of similar things (table, book,

Dog, bicycle, Mary, girl, beauty, France, world.

In general there is no distinction between masculine, feminine in English nouns.

MASCULINE FEMININE GENDER NEUTRAL

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.

tooth teeth man Men

Lic. Jean Herrera UNEFA

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