NA To SS EN 1991-1-2-2008

Licensed by SPRING Singapore to Er.
Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd

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NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
(ICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30)
SINGAPORE STANDARD
Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 :

Actions on structures
– Part 1-2 : General actions – Actions on structures
exposed to fire
Published by
Licensed by SPRING Singapore to Er.Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
(ICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30)
SINGAPORE STANDARD
Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 : Actions
on structures
– Part 1-2 : General actions – Actions on structures exposed to fire
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Singapore Standard may be
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from SPRING Singapore at the
address below:
Standards
SPRING Singapore
1 Fusionopolis Walk,
#01-02 South Tower, Solaris
Singapore 138628
Email : [email protected]
ISBN 981-4154-80-6
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
This Singapore Standard was approved by the Building and Construction Standards Committee on
behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 15 June 2008.
First published, 2008
The Building and Construction Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:
Name Capacity
Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong Standards Council

st
1 Dy Chairman : Mr Lee Chuan Seng Standards Council
nd
2 Dy Chairman : Mr Tan Tian Chong Standards Council
Secretary : Mr James Choo SPRING Singapore
Members : Mr Boo Geok Kwang Singapore Civil Defence Force
Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Chan Yew Kwong Ministry of Manpower
Mr Paul Fok Land Transport Authority
Singapore Institute of Surveyors and
Mr Goh Ngan Hong
Valuers
Mr Anselm Gonsalves National Environment Agency
Mr Desmond Hill Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Singapore Institute of Architects
Ms Andris Leong Building and Construction Authority
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon Nanyang Technological University
Dr Lim Lan-Yuan The Association of Property and Facility
Managers
Mr McDonald Low Real Estate Developers’ Association of
Singapore
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Urban Redevelopment Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye National University of Singapore
Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation
Er. Shum Chee Hoong Housing & Development Board
Dr Tan Guan Association of Consulting Engineers,
Singapore
Mr Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Co-opted
Member : Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
2
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
The Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-structure appointed by the Building and
Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:
Name Capacity
Chairman : Dr Tan Guan Member, Building and Construction
Standards Committee
Co-Chairman : Mr Chew Keat Chuan Building and Construction Authority
Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore
Members : Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Chen Enyi Cement and Concrete Association of
Singapore
LTC Cheok Poh Chin Singapore Civil Defence Force
Dr Sujit Ghosh Ready Mix Concrete Association of
Singapore
Dr Ho Nyok Yong Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Mr Ho Wan Boon Singapore Structural Steel Society
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye Singapore Concrete Institute
Mr Song Siak Keong Land Transport Authority
Mr Sze Thiam Siong Setsco Services Pte Ltd
Ms Angeline Tan Bee Hoon Housing & Development Board
Mr Tan Jui Teck CPG Corporation Pte Ltd
Assoc Prof Tan Kiang Hwee National University of Singapore
Assoc Prof Tan Teng Hooi Nanyang Technological University
Mr Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Co-opted
Member : Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
The following Technical Experts contributed in their individual capacity to the preparation of this
standard:
Dr Tan Teng Hooi (WG Convenor)

Er. Tay Ah Ching (WG Secretary)
Dr Richard Liew Jat Yuen (Taskforce Leader)
Mr Adrian Billinghurst
Er. Chan Yek Seng
Er. Ho Pui Ming
Er. Fred Lee Ka Wing
Dr Leong Eng Choon
Er. Lim Peng Hong
Mr André Lovatt
Er. Low Kam Fook
Mr Mah King Kheong
Mr Ong Yew Hing
Dr Tan Kang Hai
Er. Tan See Chee
Er. Tay Yak Hong
LTC Philip Tham Sek Khow
Er. Thung Sek Kwang
3
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
The organisations in which the experts are involved are:
Arup Fire Singapore

Beca Carter Hollings Ferner (SEA) Pte Ltd
Building and Construction Authority
CPG Consultants Pte Ltd
Defence Science & Technology Agency
Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
Land Transport Authority
Maunsell Consultants (Singapore) Pte Ltd
Nanyang Technological University
National Environment Agency
National University of Singapore
Singapore Civil Defence Force
TYH Consulting Engineers
Worley Parsons Pte Ltd
4
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
Contents
Page
National Foreword 6
CLAUSES
NA.1 Scope 7
NA.2 Nationally determined parameters 7
NA.3 Decisions on the status of the informative annexes 8
NA.4 Reference to non-contradictory complementary 10
TABLES
A.2 Fire load densities qf,k for different occupancies 9
Bibliography 11
5
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
National Foreword
This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-
structure under the purview of the Building and Construction Standards Committee.
This standard is an adoption of UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures – Part 1-2 :
General actions – Actions on structures exposed to fire and is implemented with the permission of
British Standards Publishing Ltd.
In preparing this standard, reference was also made to PD 6688-1-2 : 2007 – Background paper to
the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-2.
Acknowledgement is made to BSI for the use of information from the above publications.
This Singapore NA contains information on those parameters which are left open in EN 1991-1-2 for
national choice, known as nationally determined parameters. The Singapore NA is to be read in
conjunction with the SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008 – Eurocode 1: Actions on structures – Part 1-2: General
actions – Actions on structures exposed to fire.
At the time of publication, this standard is expected to be used as a reference in the Building and
Construction Authority’s ‘Approved Document – Acceptable Solutions’.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.
NOTE
1. Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and
new technical developments. The changes in Singapore Standards are documented through the
issue of either amendments or revisions.
2. Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.
6
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
Singapore National Annex to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008 – Eurocode 1:

Actions on structures – Part 1-2 : General actions – Actions on
structures exposed to fire
NA.1 Scope
This Annex gives:
a) the Singapore decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in the following
subclauses of SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008:
– 2.4 (4)
– 3.1 (10)
– 3.3.1.2 (1)
– 3.3.1.3 (1)
– 3.3.2 (2)
– 4.2.2 (2)
– 4.3.1 (2)
b) the Singapore decisions on the status of SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008 informative annexes.
NA.2 Nationally determined parameters
NA.2.1 Temperature analysis

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 2.4 (4)]
SS EN 1991-1-2 recommends that temperature analysis is performed using a nominal temperature-

time curve or a fire model.
When performing temperature analysis in terms of the nominal temperature-time curve, the period of
time within which to make the temperature analysis is specified in the `Code of Practice for Fire
Precautions in Buildings' administered by the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) [1].
When performing temperature analysis using fire models, no limited periods of fire resistance are
specified. Fire models used should be soundly based, robust and suitable for the given fire design
scenario.
NA.2.2 Thermal actions for temperature analysis

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.1 (10)]
The use of the nominal temperature-time curves specified in SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.2 is permitted
as appropriate to the application.
NOTE – The nominal time-temperature relationships are taken from the furnace heating curves
described in BS EN 1363-1 and BS EN 1363-2.
The use of the natural fire models specified in SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.3 is permitted.
7
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
NA.2.3 Simplified fire models – Compartment fires

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.3.1.2 (1)]
The heating conditions for determining the gas temperature of compartment fires may be
calculated in accordance with SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex A or Annex B but only in
conjunction with the complementary information in PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, 3.2.
NA.2.4 Simplified fire models – Localised fires

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.3.1.3 (1)]
The heating conditions for local fires may be calculated in accordance with PD 6688-1-2 :
2007, 4.1. The use of SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex C is not permitted.
NA.2.5 Advanced fire models

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.3.2 (2)]
The "one-zone, two-zone", "multi-zone" and "computational fluid dynamic" advanced fire
models described in SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 3.3.2 (2) may be used.
NA.2.6 Simultaneity of actions – Additional actions

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 4.2.2 (2)]
No additional actions need be considered.
NA.2.7 Combination rules for actions

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, 4.3.1 (2)]
The representative value of the variable action Q1 should be taken as the frequent value ψ1.1Q 1.
NA.3 Decisions on the status of the informative annexes
NA.3.1 Parametric temperature time curves

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex A]
This annex may be used but only in conjunction with the complementary information in PD
6688-1-2 : 2007, 3.1.1.
NA.3.2 Thermal actions for external members

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex B]
This annex may be used but only in conjunction with the complementary information in PD
6688-1-2 : 2007, 3.2.
NA.3.3 Localised fires

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex C]
This annex may not be used.
PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, 4.1 should be used as a replacement.
8
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
NA.3.4 Advanced fire models

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex D]
This annex may be used.
NOTE – This annex introduces the concept of heat balance in compartment fires and gives a very brief
description of the fundamentals and complexities behind each of the types of fire models ranging from
single zone models up to computational fluid dynamic models. However, apart from a statement on
principles there is little in terms of calculations that would enable an engineer to carry out any detailed
analysis.
NA.3.5 Fire load densities

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex E]
PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, Annex A should be used as a replacement for Annex E with the following footnote
(marked with asterisk`*’) to be added to Table A.2 of the PD 6688-1-2 (see below).
Table A.2 – Fire load densities qf,k for different occupancies

(extracted from Annex A, PD 6688-1-2)
Fire load density

Average
Occupancy Fractile
(MJ/m2)
80 %* 90 % 95 %
Dwelling 780 870 920 970
Hospital 230 350 440 520
Hospital storage 2000 3000 3700 4400
Hotel bedroom 310 400 460 510
Offices 420 570 670 760
Shops 600 900 1100 1300
Manufacturing 300 470 590 720
Manufacturing and 1180 1800 2240 2690
storage**
Libraries 1500 2250 2550 -
Schools 285 360 410 450
NOTES: –
* The 80% fractile is the value that is not exceeded in 80 % of the rooms or occupancy of the
survey data. Typically this value may be used in design with the exception of the hotel bedrooms,
shops and manufacturing.
For hotel bedrooms, shops, manufacturing, manufacturing & storage the value of 90 % fractile may
be used in design.
** Storage of combustible materials at less than 150 kg/m2.
9
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
NA.3.6 Equivalent time of fire exposure

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex F]
PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, Annex B should be used as a replacement.
NA.3.7 Configuration factor

[SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008, Annex G]
This annex may be used.
NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

The following reference contains non-contradictory complementary information for use with SS
EN 1991-1-2 : 2008.
• PD 6688-1-2.
10
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
Bibliography
Standards publications
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
BS EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests – General requirements
BS EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests – Alternative and additional procedures
PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, Background paper to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-2
Other publication
[1] Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings 2007 (6th edition) published by Singapore
Civil Defence Force. The Fire Code 2007 master version is available for download at
http://www.scdf.gov.sg/Building_Professionals/Publications/index.html)
11
NA to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008
ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE
SPRING Singapore is an agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry responsible for helping
Singapore enterprises grow and building trust in Singapore products and services. As the national
standards and accreditation body, SPRING develops and promotes an internationally-recognised
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consumer goods in Singapore. As the enterprise development agency, SPRING works with partners
to help enterprises in financing, capability and management development, technology and innovation,
and access to markets.
SPRING Singapore
1 Fusionopolis Walk
Singapore 138628
Tel: 6278 6666
Fax: 6278 6667
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg
ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME
Under the national standardisation programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to
meet international standards and conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of
standardisation to enhance competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development
and use of Singapore Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies
and industry on the latest developments.
SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the
preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and
their implementation.
Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice,
methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective committee or working group will draw
up the standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council or the relevant Standards
Committee. To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore
Standards, all committees appointed consist of representatives from various interest groups which
include government agencies, professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and
manufacturing organisations.
Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for
specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an
absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a
period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All
comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to
determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can
therefore become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further
comments or be withdrawn.
In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the International Organisation
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Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and
Quality (ACCSQ). The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical
Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.
12
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The Singapore Standardisation

Programme is managed by
SPRING Singapore
1 Fusionopolis Walk,
Singapore 138628
Tel : +65 6278 6666
Fax : +65 6278 6667
www.spring.gov.sg

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Licensed by SPRING Singapore to Er.

Joshua Ong Cho Whatt, Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd

Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 1 :

First published, 2008

Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong Standards Council

Dr Tan Teng Hooi (WG Convenor)

The organisations in which the experts are involved are:

Arup Fire Singapore

A.2 Fire load densities qf,k for different occupancies 9

Singapore National Annex to SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008 – Eurocode 1:

b) the Singapore decisions on the status of SS EN 1991-1-2 : 2008 informative annexes.

NA.2 Nationally determined parameters

NA.2.1 Temperature analysis

SS EN 1991-1-2 recommends that temperature analysis is performed using a nominal temperature-

NA.2.2 Thermal actions for temperature analysis

NA.2.3 Simplified fire models – Compartment fires

NA.2.4 Simplified fire models – Localised fires

NA.2.5 Advanced fire models

NA.2.6 Simultaneity of actions – Additional actions

No additional actions need be considered.

NA.2.7 Combination rules for actions

NA.3 Decisions on the status of the informative annexes

NA.3.1 Parametric temperature time curves

NA.3.2 Thermal actions for external members

NA.3.3 Localised fires

This annex may not be used.

PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, 4.1 should be used as a replacement.

NA.3.4 Advanced fire models

This annex may be used.

NA.3.5 Fire load densities

This annex may not be used.

Table A.2 – Fire load densities qf,k for different occupancies

Fire load density

** Storage of combustible materials at less than 150 kg/m2.

NA.3.6 Equivalent time of fire exposure

This annex may not be used.

PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, Annex B should be used as a replacement.

NA.3.7 Configuration factor

This annex may be used.

NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

BS EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests – General requirements

BS EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests – Alternative and additional procedures

PD 6688-1-2 : 2007, Background paper to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-2

ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE

ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME

The Singapore Standardisation

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