1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(EKLAVYA UNIT - I TO X)

UNIT - I
Ray Optics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 183
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 188

Modern Physics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 13
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 183
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 192

UNIT - II
ELectrostatics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 183
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 196

Gravitation
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 35
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 183
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 200
 2

UNIT - III
Current Electricity
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 41
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 203

Capacitor
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 49
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 205

UNIT - IV
Magnetism
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 60
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 208

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI)

Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 62
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 66
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 210

Alternating Current (AC)

Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 71
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 72
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 184
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 213
 3

UNIT - V
Kinematics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 73
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 78
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 185
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 214

Laws of Motion (NLM), Friction

Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 81
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 185
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 217

UNIT - VI
Work Energy and Power
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 89
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 94
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 185
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 221

Circular Motion, Centre of Mass and Conservation of Momentum

(COM)
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 97
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 102
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 185
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 224

UNIT - VII
Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD)
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 108
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 117
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 185
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 228
 4

UNIT - VIII
Heat Transfer
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 128
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 129
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 186
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 237

Thermal Expansion, Calorimetry _ KTG

Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 131
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 134
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 186
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 238

Thermodynamics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 136
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 142
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 186
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 240

UNIT - IX
Fluid Mechanics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 148
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 153
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 186
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 243

Surface Tension
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 157
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 158
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 186
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 247

Elasticity
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 161
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 163
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 248
 5

General Physics
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 164
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 164
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 249

UNIT - X
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 165
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 166
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 250

Waves
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 170
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 173
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 252

Wave Optics(WOP)
Part - A .................................................................................................................................................. 179
Part - B .................................................................................................................................................. 181
Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................. 187
Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 254
MODERN PHYSICS 16

18. A neutron moving with an energy of 20.4 ev 22. The electric potential between a proton and
collides with a stationary hydrogen atom r
V  V0 ln  
 M p  M n  , which is in ground state. Then an electron is given by  r0  , where
due to impact the hydrogen atom r0 is a constant, Assuming Bohr’s model to be
(a) gets ionized
applicable, write variation of rn with n, n
(b) gets excited to first excited state
being the principal quantum number is
(c) gets excited to second excited state
(d) nor gets excited or nor gets ionized . rn  n x then x is.
19. A 40 W ultra violet light source of wavelength 23. A neutron having kinetic energy 12.5 eV
collides with a hydrogen atom (in ground
2280 A0 illuminates a small magnesium (Mg)
state) at rest. Neglect the difference in mass
surface placed 2 m away from the source. The between the neutron and the hydrogen atom
photoelectric work function for Mg is 3.68 eV and assume that the neutron does not leave its
. line of motion. Find the possible kinetic
The number of photons incident on unit area energies of the neutron after the event.
of Mg surface per second is 24. A stationary nucleus of mass M emits photon
of energy E. If c is the speed of light in
(a) 9.11017 (b) 5.0 1019 vacuum then the recoil energy of the nucleus
is
(c) 9.9 1019 (d) 5.0 1013
20. A particle with mass m is held in circular orbit E2 E2
around the origin by an attractive force (a) Mc 2 (b) 2Mc 2
F  r    Dr ; where D is a positive constant. 2E 2
Assume that the Bohr model idea that the (c) Mc 2 (d) E
angular momentum is quantized i.e. it takes Part-B
only integral multiples of h / 2 holds. 25. Energy liberated in the de–excitation of
hydrogen atom from 3rd level to 1st level falls
The value of nth orbital radius is
on a photo–cathode. Later when the same
1 1 photo–cathode is exposed to a spectrum of
 n 2h 2  2  n 2h 2 4 some unknown hydrogen like gas, excited to
 2   2 
(a)   m D  (b)   m D  2nd energy level, it is found that the de–
1 1
Broglie wavelength of the fastest
 n 2h 2  4  n 2h 2  4 photoelectrons, now ejected has decreased by
 2   2  a factor of 3. For this new gas, difference of
(c)  2 m D  (d)  4  m D  energies of 2nd Lyman line and 1st Balmer
line is found to be 3 times the ionization
21. The activity of a sample reduces from A0 to
potential of the hydrogen atom. Select the
A0 / 3 in one hour. If the activity after 3 correct statement(s):
(a) The gas is lithium
A0 (b) The gas is helium
hours more will be k , then find the value of (c) The work function of photo–cathode is
k 8.5 eV.
(d) The work function of photo–cathode is
5.5 eV.
MODERN PHYSICS 17

26. When photons of energy 4.25 eV strike the and finally comes to rest. The wavelength of
surface of a metal, the ejected photo electrons gamma ray is
(a) 0.4 pm (b) 0.6 pm
have a maximum kinetic energy EA eV and
(c) 0.8pm (d) 1pm
de-Broglie wavelength  A . The maximum
kinetic energy of photoelectrons liberated 29. Minimum energy of proton to ionize He  ion
from another surface B by photons of energy (which is in ground state and is at rest) is
4.70 eV is EB  ( EA  1.50)eV . If the de- (consider mass mHe  4m p )
Broglie wavelength of these photoelectrons is (a) 54.4 eV (b) 68 eV
 B  2 A then. (c) 108.8 eV (d) 136 eV
30. Match the following:
(a) The work function of A is 2.25 eV Column I Column-II
(b) The work function of B is 4.20 eV (A) kphoton of (p) will be most
aluminium energetic
(c) EA  2.0eV among the
(d) EB  2.75 eV four in
27. A beam of ultraviolet light of wavelength 100 column-I
nm to 200 nm is passed through a box filled (B) kphoton of (q) will be least
with hydrogen gas in ground state. The light aluminium energetic
among the
coming out of the box is split into two beams
four in
A and B. A contains unabsorbed light from the
column-I
incident light and B contains the emitted light
(C) kphoton from (r) will be more
by hydrogen atoms. The beam A is incident energetic
sodium
on the emitter in a photoelectric tube. The than the k
stopping potential in this case is 5 volts. You photon of
can assume that the transition to higher energy Lithium
states are not permitted from the excited (D) kphoton from (s) will be less
states. Use hc = 12400 eV. Beryllium energetic
(a) It beam B is incident on photo emitter, than k
stopping potential is 4.7 volt. photnof
(b) Work function of emitter is 7.4 eV. magnesium.
(c) It beam B is incident on photo emitter and (a) A – r,s; B – p, r; C – r, s; D – q, r, s
stopping potential is 7.4 volt. (b) A – r; B – p, r,s; C – r, s; D – q, r, s
(d) Work function of emitter is 6.7 eV (c) A – r; B – p, r; C – r, s; D –p, q, r, s
28. A nucleus at rest is in free space breaks into (d) A – r; B – p, r; C – r, s; D – q, r, s
two smaller nuclei of masses m and 2m. Total
energy generated in the fission is E .
 h = 6.6 ×1034 Js, m = 1.00 ×1026 kg,

E = 3.63×108 mc 2 , c = 3×108 m / s 
The bigger radioactive part emits one gamma
ray photon along the direction of its velocity
MODERN PHYSICS 19

37. A radioactive nuclide of disintegration 40. A sample contains two radioactive nuclei X
constant '  ' is produced at a constant rate of and Y with half lives 2 hr and 1 hr
' ' in a nuclear reactor. If the energy released respectively. The nucleus X-decays into the
nucleus Y and Y decays into a stable nucleus
in the decay of each nucleus of this nuclide is
Z. At time t  0 the activities of the
' E 0 ' ,the instantaneous power produced due to
components in the sample were equal and
its disintegration at a time t seconds after the were each equal to A0.
nuclide production starts is
Y2 t 2 hr
Y2 t 1hr
 t X  Y  Z
(a)  e E0
Suppose that N X , NY are the number of

(b)  1  e
 t
E 0 nuclei of X and Y, respectively, at time t. It
is given that
  t  E0

(c)
 t   1  e   t  Y NY   X  N X  NY   C1e
-λ Y .t
………….

 e t
 E0 (1)
 t  
(d)    t Where  X , Y are the decay constants of X
38. A radioactive sample contains two radio and Y; C1 is an arbitrary constant.
nucleoids A and B having decay constant  The ratio of active nuclei of Y at t  4h to
hr–1 and 2  hr–1. Initially 25% of total decay that at t  0 is
comes from A. How long (in hr) will it take 2 2
before 75%of total decay comes from A. (a) 3 (b) 3
[Take  = l n 3 ] 8 7
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 15 (d) 16
(c) 4 (d) 5
39. Consider a nuclear reaction A  B  C . A
nucleus A moving with kinetic energy of 5
MeV collides with a nucleus B moving with
kinetic energy of 3 MeV and forms a nucleus
C in the exited state with excitation energy 10
MeV. The kinetic energy of nucleus C just
5.3
MeV
after its formation is p . Take masses
of nuclei of A, B and C as 25 amu, 10 amu
and 34.995 amu, respectively and 1 amu
 930 MeV / c 2 . Find value of p
GRAVITATION 35

Gravitation

Part-A mass dm    r  dV . By integrating dm from

1. The gravitational potential changes uniformly zero to R the mass of earth can be found.
from – 20 J/kg to – 40J/kg as one moves along Knowing the fact that a uniform spherical
shell gives no contribution to acceleration due
x-axis from x = –1m to x = +1m. Then to gravity inside it, we can also find g as a
gravitational field at origin function of r.
(a) must be equal to 10 N/kg Mass of the earth is:
(b) may be equal to 10 N/kg
(a) 4  R 3  A  Br 
(c) may be greater than 10 N/kg 3
(d) may be less than 10 N/kg (b) 4 R3  A  Br 
2. Match the following:
For planet orbiting about sun in elliptical orbit, (c) 4  R 3  A  3 Br 
3  4 
some incomplete statements regarding physical
quantities are given in column - I, which can be (d) 4  R 3  A  3 Br 
3  2 
completed by using entries of column - II.
4. The earth does not have a uniform density; it
Column I Column II is most dense at its centre and least dense at its
A) Maximum potential p) Is dependent of semi surface. An approximation of its density is
energy of sun major axis of orbit   r    A  Br  , where A  12, 700 kg / m3 ,
planet system
B  1.50  103 kg / m 4 and r is the distance
B) Maximum speed of q) Is at aphelion
from the centre of earth. Use R  6.4  106 m
planet
for the radius of earth approximated as a
C) Minimum potential r) Is dependent of mass sphere. Imagine dividing the earth into
energy of sun of planet concentric, elementary spherical shells. Each
planet system shell has radius r, thickness dr, volume dV and
D) Minimum KE of s) Is at perihelion mass dm    r  dV . By integrating dm from
planet zero to R the mass of earth can be found.
(a) A – q, r; B – p, s; C – p, r, s; D – p, q, r Knowing the fact that a uniform spherical
(b) A – p, q, r; B – p; C – p, r, s; D – p, q, r shell gives no contribution to acceleration due
(c) A – p, q, r; B – p, s; C – p, s; D – p, r to gravity inside it, we can also find g as a
(d) A – p, q, r; B – p, s; C – p, r, s; D – p, q, r function of r.
Acceleration due to gravity as a function of r
3. The earth does not have a uniform density; it is
most dense at its centre and least dense at its is given by
surface. An approximation of its density is (a) 4  Gr  A  BR 
  r    A  Br  , where A  12, 700 kg / m3 , 3
B  1.50  103 kg / m 4 and r is the distance (b) 4 Gr  A  BR 
from the centre of earth. Use R  6.4  106 m
(c) 4  Gr  A  3 BR 
for the radius of earth approximated as a 3  4 
sphere. Imagine dividing the earth into
concentric, elementary spherical shells. Each (d) 4  Gr  A  3 BR 
shell has radius r, thickness dr, volume dV and 3  2 
CAPACITOR 51

11. In the circuit shown, points B and C are isolated. A

grounded. Select the correct alternative dielectric slab is
introduced
completely
filling the gap
between the
plates
(d) Charge (s) A parallel plate
stored in the capacitor is
capacitor connected across
remains the a battery. A
V V same dielectric slab is
i1  i2 
(a) 4r (b) 2r introduced
V CV completely
i3  q filling the gap
(c) 2r (d) 2
12. Column II gives information of a capacitor between the
undergoing a certain process. Column I plates
suggests changes in some of the parameters (t) A parallel plate
related to the circuit the capacitor is in. Match capacitor is
the statements in Column I to the appropriate charged to a
processes from Column II. potential
Column I Column-II difference of V
(a) The energy (p) A parallel plate volts. Now its
of the capacitor is polarity is
capacitor charged and reversed by
decreases isolated. Now the connected it to a
distance between battery of V
the plates is volts.
slowly increased
till it is doubled (a) A → q, t; B→ p, r, q; C → s, t; D → p, r, t;
(b) Force on the (q) A parallel plate (b) A → q, r; B→ p, r, t; C → s, t; D → p, r, t;
plates due to capacitor is (c) A → t, r; B→ p, r, t; C → s, t; D → p, r, t;
the field of connected across (d) A → p, r; B→ p, r, t; C → s, t; D → p, r, t;
the capacitor a battery. Now
remains the the distance
same between the
plates is slowly
increased till it is
doubled.
(c) Work is done (r) A parallel plate
by the capacitor is
battery charged and
RIGID BODY DYNAMICS (RBD) 124

62. A solid sphere of radius 0.5 m is rotated with (c) (i) and (iv) only (d) (iii) and (iv)
angular velocity ( 0 = 35 radian/s) and 64. A solid cylinder of radius r and mass M slides
dropped from height of 10 m, on a rough down a smooth hill by a height h from rest
horizontal surface. Coefficient of restitution of
and gets onto the long plank of mass M lying
surface is 0.5 and its friction coefficient is 1/3.
on smooth horizontal plane at the base of the
0 hill as shown. Due to friction, plank starts
moving and cylinder starts performing pure
h=10m
rolling motion after certain time.
e=1/2, =1/3
Finally, velocity of plank is VP, velocity of
Horizontal displacement of sphere between
first two collisions of sphere with horizontal centre of mass of cylinder is VC and angular
surface velocity of cylinder is .
(a) 5m (b) 10 m Solid cylinder
(c) 12.5 m (d) 15 m (mass M, radius r)
63. A solid sphere of radius 0.5 m is rotated with
angular velocity ( 0 = 35 radian/s) and h
dropped from height of 10 m, on a rough
horizontal surface. Coefficient of restitution of M
surface is 0.5 and its friction coefficient is 1/3. Plank
The net work done by friction in ground
0
frame and in plank frame
h=10m (a) are equal
e=1/2, =1/3 (b) are unequal and both negative
In the given comprehension if coefficient of (c) are positive and negative respectively
restitution (e = 1) and friction coefficient
(d) are negative and positive respectively
1

3 which conclusion can be drawn (before
and after first collision)
(i) total kinetic energy of sphere remains
conserve because e = 1
(ii) total kinetic energy of sphere will not
remain conserve
(iii) magnitude of linear momentum of sphere
remain conserve
(iv) angular momentum of sphere (about a
horizontal axis, passing through point of
contact) remain conserve Correct Answer
is
(a) (ii) an (iii) only (b) (ii) and (iv) only
ELASTICITY 163

11. A uniform rod is rotating about one of its end

Part-B with a constant angular velocity  in gravity
10. STATEMENT 1 : A hollow shaft is found to free space. The ratio strain produced in two
be stronger than a solid shaft of same mass, 20k
length and made of same material. halves is   . Then find the value of 11 .
k  1
12. In a vertical cylindrical vessel of base area
STATEMENT 2 : The torque due to couple
A  80 cm 2 , water is filled to a height
per unit twist for a hollow shaft is greater than h  30 cm. If density and bulk modulus of
that for a solid shaft of the same material,   1000 kg m 3 and
water be
mass and length B  2 10 9 Nm2 . The elastic deformation
(a) if both the statements are TRUE and energy of water in the vessel is
STATEMENT-2 is the correct explanation p  9  10 7 Joule . Find the value of P. (Take
of STATEMENT-1 g  10 m / s 2 )
(b) if both the statements are TRUE but
STATEMENT-2 is NOT the correct
explanation of STATEMENT- 1
(c) if STATEMENT-1 is TRUE and
STATEMENT-2 is FALSE.
(d) if STATEMENT-1 is FALSE and
STATEMENT-2 is TRUE.
WAVES 177

of your physics teacher. You turn to him for Assume that it was chilly winter & speed of
solace. He suggests two things for defence. sound = 320 m/sec.
(a) Sound takes time to reach from one place
What is the speed of the soldiers. (nearly)
to another.
(b) Doppler’s effect (a) 1.0 m/s (b) 2.0 m/s
Assume that it was chilly winter & speed of (c) 2.64 m/s (d) 2.5 m/s
sound = 320 m/sec.
39. Imagine that you are in Indian army and you
Select the correct explanation for mistakes in
have been given charge of commanding the
each part.
parade on 26th January. The soldiers have
(a) part I a, part II b
done extensive training on march past with a
(b) part I a, part II a
band which strikes 120times/min. The soldier
(c) part I b, part II a
should strike left foot or right foot at each
(d) part I b, part II b
drum beat so that parade marches at 120
38. Imagine that you are in Indian army and you
steps/min. On the day of parade, there are 2
have been given charge of commanding the
parts. In 1st part, the band marches ahead of
parade on 26th January. The soldiers have
the soldiers with same speed as that of
done extensive training on march past with a
soldiers. In this march, you notice that the
band which strikes 120times/min. The soldier
soldiers in the first row strike left foot but the
should strike left foot or right foot at each
soldiers in last row strike right foot at the
drum beat so that parade marches at 120
same time. Unfortunately, the general also
steps/min. On the day of parade, there are 2
notices this. In the 2nd part, you hope & pray
parts. In 1st part, the band marches ahead of
that everything goes well. In this part, the
the soldiers with same speed as that of
band is stationary but the soldiers advance
soldiers. In this march, you notice that the
towards the band at same constant speed.
soldiers in the first row strike left foot but the
Here again, you notice that the soldiers in the
soldiers in last row strike right foot at the
parade are doing 121 steps/min. As before,
same time. Unfortunately, the general also
the general notices this. A court martial is due
notices this. In the 2nd part, you hope & pray
for you. You frantically try to look for an
that everything goes well. In this part, the
explanation. One of your friends reminds you
band is stationary but the soldiers advance
of your physics teacher. You turn to him for
towards the band at same constant speed. Here
solace. He suggests two things for defence.
again, you notice that the soldiers in the
(a) Sound takes time to reach from one place
parade are doing 121 steps/min. As before, the
to another.
general notices this. A court martial is due for
(b) Doppler’s effect
you. You frantically try to look for an
Assume that it was chilly winter & speed of
explanation. One of your friends reminds you sound = 320 m/sec.
of your physics teacher. You turn to him for What will be the apparant marching speed of
solace. He suggests two things for defence. the soldiers when they turn around & march
(a) Sound takes time to reach from one place away from the band in part 2? (nearly)
(a) 120 steps/min.
to another. (b) 119 steps/min.
(b) Doppler’s effect (c) 121 steps/min.
(d) 110 steps/min.
ANSWER KEYS 183

PHYSICS
UNIT - I
RAY OPTICS
Part-A
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (002)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (001) 15. (d) 16. (002) 17. (003) 18. (a)
Part-B
19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (007) 22. (003) 23. (001) 24. (008) 25. (a) 26. (005) 27. (009) 28. (a) 29.
(a,b,d) 30. (009) 31. (b) 32. (002) 33. (a) 34. (d)
MODERN PHYSICS
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (0003) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (b, c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (b, d) 18. (b, d) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (9.00) 22. (1.00) 23. (0.00) 24. (b)
Part-B
25. (b, c) 26. (a, b, c) 27. (a, b) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (a, b, c) 32. (0002) 33. (0001) 34. (b)
35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (2.00) 40. (d)

UNIT – II
ELECTROSTATICS
Part-A
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a, c) 18. (a, d) 19. (2.00) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (0000) 26. (c) 27. (0002) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (c)
31. (a, b, c, d)
Part-B
32. (a, b, c, d) 33. (7.00) 34. (8.00) 35. (8.00) 36. (c) 37. (a, b, c) 38. (a) 39. (a, c, d)
40. (a) 41. (4.00) 42. (a) 43. (a, b, d) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (10.00) 48. (a, c) 49. (a)
50. (a, b, c, d) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (d) 55. (d) 56. (a, b, c) 57. (b, d)
GRAVITATION
Part-A
1. (b, c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (0002) 9. (0004) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (0005)
Part-B
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b, c)
ANSWER KEYS 184

UNIT – III
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Part-A
1. (a, b, c, d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a, b) 7. (0045) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a, b, d) 15. (b, c) 16. (b, c, d) 17. (b, c) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (0004)
Part-B
23. (a) 24. (0004) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (a, c, d)
33. (a, b, d) 34. (0005)
CAPACITOR
Part-A
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (0008) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (a, b, c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (c, d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (0003)
Part-B
15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (a.d) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. d) 24. (a)
25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (0009) 29. (0002) 30. (0001)

UNIT – IV
MAGNETISM
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (0004) 7. (0006) 8. (0006) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (0003)
Part-B
12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (0005)
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (EMI)
Part-A
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a,b) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a,c,d) 9. (a,c) 10. (b,c)
11. (0003) 12. (0002) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (b)
Part-B
17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (a,c,d) 21. (a,b) 22. (a,b,c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (a,b)
27. (0000) 28. (0004) 29. (0002) 30. (0015)
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (a,c,d) 3. (0003) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (0002)
Part-B
7. (a,b,c) 8. (a,c,d) 9. (a,d)
ANSWER KEYS 185

UNIT – V
KINEMATICS
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a,b,d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a,b)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (b,c,d) 14. (b,c,d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b,c) 19. (c,d) 20. (a)
Part-B
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (0001) 25. (0005) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (0002) 30. (a,d)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (0003) 34. (0003)
LAWS OF MOTION (NLM), FRICTION
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (a, b, c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a, c) 6. (0025) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a, c) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a, b, c) 19. (a, c, d) 20. (c)
Part-B
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (0002) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (0001)

UNIT – VI
WORK ENERGY AND POWER
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a,b,c) 4. (a,c,d) 5. (d) 6. (0003) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (a,b,d) 22. (a,c) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (0005) 26. (0006) 27. (c,d)
Part-B
28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (d)
38. (0004)
CIRCULAR MOTION, CENTRE OF MASS AND CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM (COM)
Part-A
1. (b,d) 2. (c) 3. (0005) 4. (b,c) 5. (0006) 6. (0000) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a,b,d) 20. (b,c)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a)
Part-B
25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (a) 32. (b,c) 33. (c) 34. (c)
35. (c) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (a) 41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (a,b,c,d)
45. (0005) 46. (0009) 47. (0004) 48. (0006)

UNIT – VII
RIGID BODY DYNAMICS (RBD)
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (0003) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a,c,d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a,b,d)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (0002) 15. (0001) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a,b,d) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (a,c) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (d) 26. (a,b,d) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (a,c) 33. (a,b,c) 34. (a,c) 35. (d) 36. (d) 37. (0006) 38. (0001) 39. (a) 40. (0002)
ANSWER KEYS 186

Part-B
41. (d) 42. (b,d) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (0003) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (a) 50. (a)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (d) 55. (0001) 56. (0080) 57. (0002) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (c)
61. (b) 62. (b) 63. (b) 64. (a) 65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (b,d) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (0003) 73. (0008)

UNIT – VIII
HEAT TRANSFER
Part-A
1. (a, c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (0005) 8. (c,d)
Part-B
9. (0005) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (0002) 13. (b) 14. (0010)
THERMAL EXPANSION, CALORIMETRY _ KTG
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b, c) 8. (0015) 9. (0010) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a,c) 19. (a,b, c) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (0006) 23. (0003)
Part-B
24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (0005) 28. (a)
THERMODYNAMICS
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (0035) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a,c,d)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (0013) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (a,b,d) 22. (d) 23. (d)
Part-B
24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (a,c) 31. (0003) 32. (0008) 33. (b)
34. (50.00) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (a,b,d) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (d) 41. (a,b) 42. (4)

UNIT – IX
FLUID MECHANICS
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (0002) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (0002) 6. (a) 7. (0008) 8. (b) 9. (b,c) 10. (a)
11. (a) 12. (0010) 13. (d) 14. (a,b) 15. (a,c,d) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (0005)
20. (0005) 21. (0001) 22. (0002) 23. (0004)
Part-B
24. (b) 25. (a,d) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (0001) 30. (c) 31. (0008) 32. (a) 33. (d)
34. (a,b,c) 35. (c) 36. (0004) 37. (0003)
SURFACE TENSION
Part-A
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b, d) 4. (a, c) 5. (c) 6. (0004) 7. (0006)
Part-B
8. (d) 9. (a, b) 10. (c) 11. (a,b,c,d) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a)
ANSWER KEYS 187

ELASTICITY
Part-A
1. (0002) 2. (a,b,c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a,b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b)
Part-B
10. (a) 11. (1.21) 12. (0002)
GENERAL PHYSICS
Part-A
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)
Part-B
5. (000) 6. (c) 7. (a,d) 8. (d)

UNIT – X
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM)
Part-A
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b,d) 5. (a,c) 6. (d) 7. (a,c) 8. 0008
Part-B
9. (c) 10. (a,c) 11. (d) 12. 0005 13. 0002 14. 0002 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (a)
19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (b)
WAVES
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b,c) 5. (b,c,d) 6. (b) 7. 0002 8. 0001 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. 0005 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. 0006 17. 0003 18. 0004 19. 0007 20. (a or b)
Part-B
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a,d) 29. (a) 30. 0008
31. 0002 32. 0005 33. 0003 34. 0001 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a,c,d)
41. 0002 42. 0008
WAVE OPTICS(WOP)
Part-A
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. 0003 6. 0003 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a,b,c)
11. 0005
Part-B
12. 0002 13. 0002 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. 0002
SOLUTIONS 192

Modern Physics (Solutions)

6. n = 3 to n = 1
5000eV 124
2. P 8
 3 1023 kgms 1 1   1640.2A
3  10 7.56
hc 12420 n = 3 to n = 1
3. (a)     0.414Å
eV 30000 12400
2   256.46A
(b) 48.35
h 6.626 1034 N = 2 to n = 1
   8.6 1010 m
2mK 2  9.11031  2 1.6 1019 12400
3   303.92A
c 3Rc 40.4
(c)  a  Z  b   Z  1 The energy of photo electron is
 4
48.36  6.0  42.36 eV
1 3 1.09 107 
 81  1 e 
150
 4
V
   0.19 A
7. No. of protons in the nucleus decreases and
(d) Energy of K = Energy of K+ Energy hence atom acquires negative charge.
of L
8. f  a  Z  b
hc hc hc
or  
 K   K  K 0.5 109
a  slope   Hz1/ 2
10
1 1 1
  0.95 10  5 107  20  b 
9
 K   K  K
 b 1
1 1 1
   dN x
 K  0.5 1.2 9.  K  N x
dt
Nhc 1
(e) I  N x   K   K  N 0  et 
 
Nhc 1015  6.6 1034  3 108 dN Y
   N X
1 5.7 dt
 0.35 Å.  K  N 0  t K  N 0
N Y  Kt   e 
4. hv = 17 eV    
12. The potential energy
New for metal,  2  kinetic energy  2E
hv     KE  max  total energy  2E  E   E  3.4 eV
 17eV    2eV or E = 3.4 eV.
   15eV. Let p = momentum and m = mass of the
electron.
5. mv 2 / r  GMm / r 2
mvr  nh / 2 p2
E  or p  2mE.
  h / mv 2m
De Broglie wavelength,
 min  h 2 / 2GMm 2
SOLUTIONS 195

hc 1 1
So, E b   Mu 2  MV 2
 2 2
Here   350nm, M  70 1.66  1027 kg
u  600m / s, V  1600 m / s
E b  4  10 19 J  2.5 eV
2E
36. Momentum imparted 
C
Now mirror will perform S.H.M with Vmax =
2E/mC
But Vmax = Amplitude × 
2E g 2E
 L or  
mC L mC gL
dN 
37.    N  N  1  et 
dt 
now rate of disintegration is
N   1  e t 
E
 power    1  et  E 0
t
38. A  A 0 e  x
B  B0 e x1
at  0
A 25 1 AO 1
     ... 1
B 75 3 BO 3
 Let  be the required time
A 3 A 0 e4x
 then  
B 1 B0 e 3x
 9  e 4 x  2 ln 3  dt
39. M A C2  K A  M BCa  K B
 M c C 2  K c  excited energy
K c  2.65 Mev
A0  2 1 

N Y  t  4  ln 2  4 16 
40. 
NY  t  0 A0
 2  1
ln 2
SOLUTIONS 197

26. When a constant force is superimposed on a r0. Therefore, statement (c) is also true.
system undergoing SHM, along the line of Electric energy density is given by
SHM, the time period does not change. The 1
u  0 E 2
mean position changes, as this is the position 2
where the net force on the particles is zero. Since for r  r0 , E  0, u  0 for r  r0 . Hence
F statement (d) is true.
27. tan  
mg Let Q1 be the net charge enclosed inside the
F spherical surface of radius r = 2r0. Then from
tan 1 
  Q1
kmg  1   Gauss theorem, we have  E.ds 
 p 0
F F 33. Flux on ABCD = Flux on CBFG = Flux on
As 1   we have 
mg   CDHG = 1
kmg  1  
  Q
1 
k2 24 0
28. By the time it travels a distance L with Flux on EFBA = Flux on EFGH = Flux on
constant speed V, its lateral displacement EHDA =  2 .
should be less than d
Q
1  Eq   L 
2 31  32 
i.e.     d 0
2  m  v 
Q Q 7Q
2dmv 2 2   
q 3 0 24 0 24 0
EL2
2
29. Wele A  B  q  VA  VB  38. Electrostatic pressure 
2 0
30. Volume charge density   dQ / dv
2
R/2 R Force required is   R 2  h2 .
2 0
or Q   dv   dV   dV
0 R /2 39. Charge of 1 is q1  1  r1d
R /2 R
2  r  2 Charge of  2 is q 2   2  r2 d
  4r dr  2  1  R  4r dr
0 R/2 q1 r1

31. Electric field in the region r > r0 is given by q 2 r2
dV d Q  Q Kq1 kr1d kd
E    E1   
dr dr  4 0 r  4 0 r 2 r12 r12 r1

d Q  Kq 2 kr2 d kd
For r  r0 , E   E2   
 0 r22 r22 r2
dr  4 0 r0 
So net electric field can't be zero.
Hence, the electric field is discontinuous at
E1 is more, so direction is towards l2.
r = r0. Therefore, statement (a) is true.
potential due to l1 is
For r < r0, E = 0. Hence the charge resides
Kq1 Kr1d
only on the spherical surface of radius r = r0. V1    Kd
No charge exists in the region for which r < r1 r1
SOLUTIONS 199

 ˆ
E j
4 0

54.    p   sin 
 0 
For small angle 
 P 
 I    
 40 
 p 
    
 40 I 
55. U   pE cos 
1 kq 2 1
56. 1 o  mv02   mv 2
2 R 2
R
 2  mv 0  mvR.
2
57. Electric field inside the shell due to inner
charges (induced + real) only
 Total electric field due to outer charges is
zero. Let E be the electric field due to charge
over outer surface, then
q1 q1
E 2
0E 
u0 b 40 b 2
Potential inside the shell due to inner charges
only
1 q q 
 Vc     1
40  a R 
But potential at centre will become zero due
to outside charges.
1  Q  q q1 
0   
40  R b
Q q1 q
  
R b R
Substituting in equation (1)
1  q Q q1 
vc     
40  a R b 
SOLUTIONS 211

Q  24 C mR 2 QR 2 QR 2
Iw  w   dt   dB  B
 1 1  10 2 4 4
      50 rad / s Q
 LC 2  2 10  2
6
w B
14. For long time capacitor gets full charged and 2m
charge on each capacitor must be same di
21. V  L
Q Q dt
  20 1 1
2 3 mv 2  Li 2  Constant
Q  24 C 2 2
And Blx  Li
 1 1  10
      50 rad / s  B2 l 2
 LC 2  2 10  2
6 Solving a  x  SHM
m2
0 I B2 bL
17. B  ,E per unit volume 
2r 2 0 Ml
2
r2   I  1
S, E    0  r2rl dr use v   A 2  x 2
r1
 2r  20 22. Flux (L I) remains constant for sudden
0 I2 l r  changes.
 log e c  2   0.2 mJ
4 1 e
 r1  I will become i.e. , because L is
ya 2 2R
B0 y
19.    d    ady  directly proportional to 1.
a
y
LR 
2b 2
2
 64   16
B0  2
9  24  3
  y  a   y 2  5 
2   5 
d Distance between directions
e
dt a 48 72
2  
e B0 aV e 2 5
e  B0 aVi   5 
R R 3
Net force on the loop  FGH  FEF 24.   a 2 B0 t
B0 a 2 V d
Net force on the loop F  mg  
R dt
dv B2 a 2 V    a 2 B0  indeed emf 
g
dt R
a 2 B0
mgR  2 2
B a t  i  induced current 
V 1 e 0 R1  R 2
2 2  
B0 a  mR 
R
Q r dB
20.    d    2rdr r
0
R 2 2 dt
Q dB R 4

R 2 dt 4
SOLUTIONS 220

29. The block moves up the incline and a 3  a 4  0

If a  g
 sin    cos    a1  2, a 2  1, a 3  3, a 4  3
cos    sin  mAg
for a   cos    sin   0 35. t1   2s (Block A losses contact)
5
   cot  m g
t 2  B  4s (Block B losses contact)
30. The two blocks will move together with the 5
same acceleration as long as the force of For A for
friction between them is less than the limiting V t2

friction, as the only force on the lower block t1  t m  dv    5t  mg  dt  V  10m / s

B is the force of friction. Once limiting 0 t1

friction is reached, the acceleration of B

 Flim 
becomes constant   , and the
 mass ofB 
acceleration of A continues to increase at a
faster rate.
31. cos   ma
mg  T  2mA
cos   A
2g cos 

1  2 cos 2 
32. The free body diagram of block in fig. is as
shown. N = mg + P cos  and acceleration of
block
F  P sin     mg  P cos  
a1 
m
sin 
F  P sin    mg  P cos   F  mg
a cos  
m m
Hence P does not change acceleration
33. When t  t 0
2t 2t
a1  a 2   m / s2
m1  m 2 4
When t  t 0
a1  g  0.2  10  2m / s 2
2t  m1g 2t  2
a2   m / s2
m2 3
34. a1   x, a 2   z  y  x,
a 3  z  y  x, a 4  y  x
Given a 2  a1  1, a 3  a1  5
SOLUTIONS 239

1
BC  AC  CD  DE 
2
 6 10 3
m 3   4Nm 2  4Nm 2  6  10 3 m 3
 0.012  0.024  0.036J
WBC  Area of BCDE  0.024J.
The negative sign shows that the work is
done on the gas.
WCA  PV  0 because V  0.
20. Conceptual
21. Conceptual
22. Heat required to raise the temperature or 2 kg
ice from –20°C to 0°C = 2000×0.5×20 =
20000 cal.
Heat available to melt ice = 80000 cal
 1 kg of ice melts m = 5 + 1 = 6 kg.
10 104
23. 4.2 100 1 .100    8.4  t
60
t = 3r
26. Let the thermal energy produced be Q. As
given 20% of Q is used to increase the
temperature by 1K.
0.2 Q = msT = (20 + 80) 10–3 4200×1 =
420 J
Q = 2100 J.
Work done against friction in 2 min =
f×5×2×60
or 2100 = f × 5 × 2 × 60
 f = 3.5 N
But f =  (total mass of beaker and water) g
3.5 = 0.1 (total mass of beaker and water) g
total mass of beaker and water = 3.5 g
Mass of beaker = 3.5 – 0.08 = 3.42 kg
210
27. 0.8  5  S 15 
4.2
5
 S  cal / gm  C
6
300
28. WAB   PdV   4RdT  1200R
600

5R
Q BC  nC p T  2   600  300   1500R
2
SOLUTIONS 240

Thermodynamics
11. If P  2V 2 , from ideal gas equation we get
2. U  1/ 2  f1n1RT  1/ 2  f 2 n 2 RT 2V 3  nRT
 1/ 2  f1n1  f 2 n 2  RT  1/ 2  5  2  3  5  with increase a volume
T  25 T (i) Temperature increases implies dU = +ve
(ii) dW = +ve
Since W = 0,
Hence dQ = dU + dW = +ve
U  Q  25 Cal
(B) If PV2 = constant, from ideal gas equation
T  1K
we get VT = K (constant)
3. For process A  B  C, U  0
Hence with increase in volume, temperature
From 1st law of thermodynamics decreases
Q = W = 400k × 0.2J = 80kJ. Now dQ  dU  PdV  nC v dT
Q  Q AB  Q BC  Q CA
PK  K 
10U 0  2
dT  dV   2 dT 
Q  5U 0  3U 0  ln 2.5 T  T 
3
PV
4. Process is isobaric  nC v dT  dT  n  C n  R  dT
T
W  nRT  42J  10 cal.
 with increase in temperature dT = +ve
7
Q  n  RT  35cal and since C v  R for monoatomic gas. Hence
2
5. Process is isobaric. dQ = +ve as temperature is increased
(C) dQ  nC dT  nC, dT  PdV
W 1
6. Slope,  1
Q   n  Cv  2R  dT  nCv dT  PdV
(for isobaric process). dV
 2nRdT  PdV    ve
W 2 W 2 dT
 for CO 2 and  for He.
Q 7 Q 5 Hence with increases in temperature volume
V increases and vice versa.
7. From A to B, is constant so pressure  dQ  dU  dW   ve
T
remains constant. From C to D, V is constant  D  dQ  nCdT  nCv dT  PdV
P-T graph will be straight line pressing
or n  Cv  2R  dT  nCr dT  PdV
trough origin.
dV
8. PT 2  constant  P  PV 2  or 2nRdT  PdV    ve
dT
2
 constant = PV 3  cont.  with increase in volum temperaure
decreases.
3R R 3R 9R
C     3R  Also dQ  n  C v  2R  dT
2 1 2 2 2
3 with increase in temperature dT = +ve but Cv
9. AB and CD are isothermal, BC and DA are < 2R for monoatomic gas. Therefore dQ = -
Isochoric. ve with increase in temperature.
10. Conceptual 14. For a polytropic process
SOLUTIONS 241

R 1
P
U  1 1 V
 
Q R R  1 C  D, Temperature is decreasing, V = K,
 1
 1 1 x 1 x PT
For polyatomic gas,   4 / 3 D  A, Pressure is constant
U 1 It is clear that P is maximum at B and
 
Q 1  1 minimum at D or A  D  A 
3 1  x 
P
This is max at x = 3/2. 25 0
Pmax PB 9
 
15. TV 1  C Pmin PD P0
 1  n Using above relations and PV = nRT, we get
6 PB and PD.
n
13 28. For BC process on P T graph, curve will be
7 5 straight line passing through the origin, and
4 R  2 R
 2 2  19 CA process is isothermal. For process AB
5 3
4  R  2  R 13 slope will be
dT
. For adiabatic process
2 2 dP
r 1
17. TV  C 1
dT
T  k  P   , slope will decrease when P
(C is constant) dP
dT increases therefore only option C satisfy all
  1    CV     ve 
dV the condition.
d2T 30. Conceptual
 2
 1       CV 1   ve 
dV 31. pu   C
23. It process is isothermal then dT = 0 and T =  V 1T   C
0.
 TV 1/   C
24. Conceptual
25. d  dU  dW  0  PV11/   C
n 2a Compare with PVx = C
 C  dT  2 dV  P.dV  0 1
V  x  1

 n 2a nRT n 2a 
 C  dT   2
   .dV  0  R R   R 
V V  nb V 2  Now, Q     and W   
 r 1 1  x  1 x 
Integrate and find.
26. temperature of gas decreases, volume of gas  R  5
  1
W 1 x   r  1  2 2
also decreases PV = nRT;        3 
Q R R rx 3 5x 3
P constant 
r 1 1 x 3
1 1
27. A  B V   or  TV  K  or   x  2 / 3  1
T 
2
PV  K  constant  3
B  C, T  K and value is increasing, 32. P0 A  mg  kx 0
SOLUTIONS 246

2g 3g
2  
25V0  16V0  a
A
 2 ...  i  
l
 3 red / s
0
dV 2g
Also   a t
16V0 V A

16V0
t  2  8 min .
 25V0  16V0 
3L
32. U  mg  dA g  d1ALg  d 2 ALg
2
33. By conservation of energy
l mgl 1 7gl
Mg   mu 2  u 
2 2 24 2 8
34. F  V  p0  h  g
Net

P0
A

As = SHM
P
At h  

35.  a   F   R 2  pgh
 b   F   R 2   2pgh  2pgh 
3h 
 c   F   2Rh  pg     2Rh 
 2 
 h
 pg  2h   2pg 2 

 3pgRh 2  6pgRh 2  9pgRh 2

 d   Weight of the liquid displaced
i.e.,  R 2 h  pg   R 2 h  .2pg
 Ml 2 
 3 
l l
37. Fb  W   2
2 2 2
l l l Vl 2 2
2Vg  V g  Vg 
2 2 2 6
l 2
g
3
SOLUTIONS 249

General Physics (Solutions)

1. maximum permissible error is least count.
2. Use the concept of capacitor.
1.5
3. Pitch   0.3 mm
5
0.3
Least count   0.006mm
50
4. Reading = main scale reading + vernier scale
reading = 5.0 + 0.08 = 5.08 cm.
x y z
5. L '   M 1L3T 2   LT 1   ML2 T 1 
M 0 L1T 0  M  x  z L3x  y  2x T 2x  y z
 x  z  0;  2x  y  z  0    3x  y   0
Wa W
6. Relative density  .  a
Wa  W 
where is relative density, Wa weight in air
and is loss in weight.
 Wa 
 
 Wa 
 Wa 
For maximum error,  
 Wa 
For maximum percentage error,
 Wa 
 100   100   100
 Wa 
Given Wa  0.1gf and Wa  10.0gf
  10.0  5.0  5.0 gf
  Wa  Ww  0.1  0.1  0.2 gf
  0.1   0.2 
 100     100     100
  10.0   5.0 
= 1 + 4 = 5.
SOLUTIONS 251

F
f 
3
Kx
f 
3
X  A cos t
KA
f  cos t
3
KA
 mg 
3
3 mg
A
K
3 mg
O  A  ; for no slipping
K
2 F 2 Kx
 
3m 3m
3m
T  2
2K
Wf  0
22. For S.H.M. F  = displacement
SOLUTIONS 255


 SS2  SS1 
2
and for central maxima, SS1 + S1P = SS2 +
S2P
 D
 d sin    Y 
2 2d

14. x  d sin  . In this case ‘θ’ is not small

3 11
∴ 2nd dark sin  2  
2d 24
x 11
tan    x  D tan   35   18
D 21.3
 2 x  36
15. For point P path difference is ∆x= μ2dsin θ +
d/2
(μ1 – 1)t, where sin θ =
D
2
Phase difference is   x and intensity

is I = I0 + I0 + 2I0 cos(∆ф)
16. Path difference is ∆x= μ2dsin θ + (μ1 – 1)t,
9d / 8
where sin θ =
D
17. O" is the image formed due to reflection by
lower part of the prism. And these O' and O"
will act as object for concave mirror.
Distance between the object is 20θ
∴ Distance between images is 10θ (∵
1
magnification is ).
2
1.8  
Here is θ = (π – 1)1.8° 
2 180