Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2022

Pearson Edexcel GCE

In Chemistry (9CH0)
Paper 02 Advanced Organic and Physical
Chemistry
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Summer 2022
Question Paper Log Number P67904RA
Publications Code 9CH0_02_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
• Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of
QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are
accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary
when appropriate
Using the Mark Scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit for incorrect or
inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles
and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what is expected it may
be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

• an idea of the types of response expected
• how individual marks are to be awarded
• the total mark for each question
• examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the expected
answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in answer to a
later part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give
credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
• organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude
others.
Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(a) (1)

The only correct answer is A ( )

B is not correct because there is no C=C in the repeat unit

C is not correct because the extension bonds are not from the correct carbon atoms of the chain and
there should not be a C=C in the repeat unit

D is not correct because the extension bonds are not from the correct carbon atoms of the chain

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(b) The only correct answer is B (generation of biodegradable materials) (1)

A is not correct because some poly(alkenes) may be used as a feedstock for cracking

C is not correct because some poly(alkenes) may be used for energy from incineration

D is not correct because some poly(alkenes) may be used for recycling to make new materials
Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(c) (1)
The only correct answer is B ( )

A is not correct because there is an additional oxygen atom in the repeat unit

C is not correct because there is an incorrect number of CH2 groups in one of the monomers and there is
an additional oxygen atom in the repeat unit

D is not correct because there is an incorrect number of CH2 groups in one of the monomers

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1(d) The only correct answer is D (use a higher temperature for a faster reaction rate) (1)

A is not correct because efficient use of energy does contribute to sustainability

B is not correct because efficient use of resources does contribute to sustainability

C is not correct because use of catalysts do contribute to sustainability

(Total Question 1 = 4 marks)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a) An answer which makes reference to: (1)

• a compound of hydrogen and carbon only Allow absence of ‘only’

Allow
substance/molecule/chain/species
for compound

Do not award reference to a

carbon and/or a hydrogen
Do not award ‘an element made
of carbon and hydrogen’
Do not award a mixture of carbon
and hydrogen
Do not award contains carbon
and hydrogen molecules
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(b) An explanation which makes reference to the following points: Accept reverse argument (2)

• branching results in fewer/weaker London forces (1) Allow van der Waals / instantaneous
dipole-induced dipole / dispersion
forces
Ignore just intermolecular forces

Do not award ‘fewer electrons’

Do not award if covalent bonds broken

• due to less surface area/points of contact (1) Allow reference to less close packing of
molecules together

Question
Answer Mark
Number
2(c) The only correct answer is D (ions) (1)

A is not correct because both anions and cations are produced

B is not correct because homolytic fission produces free radicals

C is not correct because homolytic fission produces free radicals and heterolytic fission also produces
anions
(Total Question 2 = 4 marks)
Question Answer
Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)(i) Example of mechanism: (3)

• curly arrow from C=C to chlorine

and
curly arrow from Cl−Cl to ‘bottom’ chlorine atom(1) Ignore dipoles even if incorrect

• structure of carbocation intermediate Allow correct structural/displayed formulae for

and intermediate and/or product
structure of final product (1)

• chloride ion with lone pair Allow TE on incorrect primary carbocation

and
curly arrow from lone pair to C+ of carbocation (1)

Question Answer
Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)(ii) (1)
• 1,2-dichloro-2-methylbutane Allow name shown on mechanism
Ignore missing hyphens and commas

Do not allow 2-methyl-1,2-dichlorobutane

TE on structure in (a)(i)
Allow correct name even if incorrect structure in (i)
Question
Answer Mark
Number
3(b) The only correct answer is A (primary) (1)

B is not correct because there is no chlorine atom bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to two other
carbon atoms

C is not correct because there is no chlorine atom bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to three other
carbon atoms

D is not correct because both chlorine atoms are bonded to carbon atoms which are bonded to only one
carbon atom

(Total Question 3 = 5 marks)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a)(i) Example of calculation: (4)

• evaluation of number of moles of nitrogen (1) n = 0.42 ÷ 28 = 0.015 (mol)

• conversion of pressure and temperature to correct units (1) 120 kPa = 120 000 Pa,
20°C = 293 K

• rearrangement of ideal gas equation so V = nRT ÷ P and V= 0.015 x 8.31 x 293

evaluation of volume (1) 120 000
= 3.0435 x 10−4 (m3)

• answer converted into cm3 (1) = 3.0435 x 10−4 x 106

= 304 (cm3)

Ignore SF except 1SF

TE throughout

Correct answer without working

scores (4)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to (1)
Allow answers such as
• prevents oxidation (of the crisps) ‘keep the crisps fresh’ or ‘prevents the
crisps from going off/stale’
Allow reference to ‘crisps not reacting
with nitrogen but will with air’

Ignore reference to gas prevents crisps

from getting squashed/broken

Ignore nitrogen is less reactive than

air/oxygen or nitrogen is inert

Ignore reference to effects of moisture

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(b) Example of dot-and-cross diagrams (2)

• dot-and-cross diagram of nitrogen gas (1)

• dot-and-cross diagram of nitride ion (1)

Allow electrons to be paired horizontally

Allow the crosses to be paired in any way
Allow representation of inner shell with two electrons
Allow any pairing of dots and crosses

Ignore lines representing covalent bonds

Ignore missing circles
Ignore absence of brackets and charge on nitride ion
Ignore any diagram of the sodium ion
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(c) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (4)

• the lone pair (of electrons) in ammonia repels more than the Standalone mark
bonded pairs (of electrons) (1)

The further three marks are scored as follows:

Six of the following scores (3) four or five scores (2) and two or Accept points made on labelled
three scores (1) diagrams

• the ammonia molecule has three bond pairs and

one lone pair
• the ammonium ion has four bond pairs
• the ammonia molecule is (trigonal) pyramidal
• ammonium ion is tetrahedral
• the bond angle in ammonia is 107(°)
• the bond angle in the ammonium ion is 109.5(°)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(d) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (4)

• nucleophiles are electron pair donors / attack areas of low

electron density / the nitrogen donates its lone pair of
electrons (1)

• so the amine group attacks as a (nucleophile) by attacking Allow the N/ butylamine for ‘the amine
the Cδ+ of the acyl chloride (1) group’
Allow shown in a mechanism
Do not award attacks carbocation

• which produces hydrogen chloride (1) Allow hydrochloric acid

• it’s a base because amine group reacts with the acid / Allow the N/ butylamine for ‘the amine
protons (to produce the salt / C4H9NH3Cl) (1) group’

Allow base is a proton acceptor

Do not award just ‘hydrogen’ for
proton
Do not award reference to ethanoyl
chloride as an acid/donating a proton

(Total Question 4 = 15 marks)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(a) An answer which makes reference to the following points: (2)
• density between 0.92 and 1.00 (g cm−3) (1) Accept any value or range between
0.92 − 1.00
Ignore units even if incorrect

• because water is the bottom layer so more dense Accept reverse arguments
and Reference to the layers is required
ice floats on oil so is less dense (1)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b) An answer that give evidence of the following: Multiple correct methods are possible which process (3)
the data in different sequences.
The correct final answer is 1.34 x 1022 / 1.338 x 1022
which can be awarded (3) regardless of working

If this answer is not given then look for evidence of

each of the given mathematical processes and give
one mark for each

• use of both densities to get two masses The use of both densities must be carried out first
and Note that the use of 5 for the mass of water implies
division by 18 to give moles (1) the use of a density of 1.00 g cm−3

• subtraction to give either mass or moles Depending on the method used this can be done at
or number of molecules (1) the beginning, the middle or at the end of the
calculation but must be of (water – ice)

• multiplication by Avogadro constant to This must be evidenced after moles have been
give number of molecules (1) calculated

Allow TE throughout
Ignore SF except 1SF for the final answer
Allow use of 6 x 1023 which gives 1.33 x 1022 for (3)
Correct answer without working scores (3)
Do not allow a number of molecules <1
Marking points Example of calculation vs1
Subtraction (1) m(water) = (5 x 1.00) − (5 x 0.92) = 0.40 (g)

Use of both densities and n(H2O) = (0.40 ÷ 18)

division by 18 to give moles (1) = 0.022222 / 2.2222 x 10−2 (mol)

Multiplication by Avogadro N = (2.2222 x 10−2 x 6.02 x 1023)

constant (1) =1.34 x 1022 / 1.338 x 1022

or Example of calculation vs2

Multiplication by Avogadro N(water molecules) = ((5x 1) ÷ 18) x 6.02 x 1023
constant (1) = 1.667 x 1023

Use of both densities and N(ice molecules) = ((5 x 0.92) ÷ 18) x 6.02 x 1023
division by 18 to give moles (1) = 1.533 x 1023

Subtraction (1) N(Extra) = 1.667 x 1023 − 1.533 x 1023 = 1.34 x 1022

or Example of calculation vs3

Use of both densities and n(water) = ((1.00 x 5.00) ÷ 18) = 0.27778 (mol)
division by 18 to give moles (1) n(ice) = ((0.92 x 5.00) ÷ 18) = 0.25556 (mol)

Subtraction (1) Difference in mol = (0.27778 − 0.25556)= 0.022222(mol)

Multiplication by Avogadro Extra molecules = 0.022222 x 6.02 x 1023 = 1.34 x 1022

constant (1)

(Total Question 5 = 5 marks)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
6(a) (1)

The only correct answer is D ( )

A is not correct because there is a ketone group present

B is not correct because there is a ketone group present

C is not correct because there is a ketone group present

Question
Answer Mark
Number
6(b) (1)

The only correct answer is C ( )

A is not correct because there are two ketone groups but no aldehyde group

B is not correct because there are two ketone groups but no aldehyde group

D is not correct because there are two aldehyde groups but no ketone group
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to Allow aldehyde for propanal (2)

• propanal is condensed back (to the pear-shaped Allow ‘apparatus is reflux’

flask) (1) Allow propanal is not being removed
/distilled off (from the oxidising agent)

• so propanal is (further) oxidised (to propanoic acid) Ignore just ‘reacts further’
or
propanal is more readily oxidised than propan-1-ol Do not award reference to propanal being
(1) completely oxidised

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(ii) (1)
• (+)VI Allow (+) six / (+)6 / six (+) / 6(+)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(iii) Example of equation (1)
+ −
• balanced equation CH3CH2CH2OH → CH3CH2CHO + 2H + 2e
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(iv) (1)
• provides a surface for bubbles to form / Allow distribution of heat more evenly / to
enables smaller bubbles to form / prevent superheating
provides nucleation sites for bubbles
or Ignore mixing / to stop bumping / spitting /
to prevent large bubbles forming explosion / liquid splashing out /
vigorous reaction / loss of reactants

Do not award reference to large gas

molecules
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(v) Example of calculation (3)
• (M1) evaluation of number of moles of propan-1-ol (1) n(propan-1-ol) = (1.50 ÷ 60) = 0.025 (mol)

Method one using masses for percentage calculation n(propan-1-ol) = n(propanal)

• (M2) evaluation of maximum mass of propanal (1) max m(propanal) = (0.025 x 58)
= 1.45 (g)

• (M3) percentage yield (1) %Yield = ((0.609 ÷ 1.45) x 100) = 42 %

or
Method two using moles for percentage calculation
• (M2) evaluation of actual moles of propanal (1) n(propanal) = (0.609 ÷ 58) = 0.0105 (mol)

• (M3) percentage yield (1) %Yield =((0.0105 ÷ 0.025) x 100) = 42 %

Allow TE at each stage

Ignore SF except 1SF
Penalise incorrect Mr values once only
Correct answer without working scores (3)
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(d)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (4)

• similar molar masses so the number of electrons is Allow van der Waals’ forces /
similar/same resulting in similar London forces (1) dispersion forces / instantaneous
dipole-induced dipole forces

Ignore reference to ethanoic acid

having greater London forces

• propanone (and ethanoic acid) form Ignore reference to hydrogen bonding

permanent dipole(-dipole) forces (1) to water by propanone
Penalise abbreviation pd-d once only

• (only) ethanoic acid forms (intermolecular) hydrogen Ignore references to ethanoic acid
bonding (1) dimerization

• which is stronger so requires more energy to break Reference to energy must be linked to
(giving a higher boiling temperature) (1) the breaking of hydrogen bonds
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(d)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following (2)
points:

• forms hydrogen bonds with water (1) Allow H bonds for hydrogen bonds

• diagram of hydrogen bond (1)

Ignore bond angle and missing dipoles

and missing lone pair

Do not award incorrect dipoles

Do not award incorrect propanone
and/or water structure
Do not award if second hydrogen bond
drawn to the hydrogen of the CH3

(Total Question 6 = 16 marks)

 Allow annotated equations to score these marks in both (i) and (ii)
Allow any unambiguous formulae for the organic molecules in both (i) and (ii) such as C2H5CN for CH3CH2CN
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(i) A description which includes Example of equation (2)

• equation (1) CH3CH2CN + 4[H] → CH3CH2CH2NH2

CH3CH2CN + 2H2 → CH3CH2CH2NH2

• LiAlH4 in (dry) ether Allow names or formulae but both must be correct if given together
(followed by dilute acid) Allow Lithal
or Allow hydrogen to be given in the equation or written over the arrow
H2 with Ni / Pt / Pd (1)
Ignore references to heat or a temperature

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(ii) A description which includes Example of equation (3)

• equation from any CH3CH2CH2Br + NH3 → CH3CH2CH2NH2 + HBr

halogenoalkane (1) or
CH3CH2CH2Br + 2NH3 → CH3CH2CH2NH2 + NH4Br

• ethanolic/alcoholic Allow use of state symbol (alc)/(EtOH)/(eth) with NH3

ammonia (1) Allow ammonia to be given in equation or written over the arrow

• heat and under Accept heat and in a sealed tube

pressure (1) Ignore mechanisms
If a contradictory chemical is stated then penalise once against M2 or M3
Question
Answer Mark
Number
7(b) The only correct answer is A (an amide) (1)

B is not correct because the amine range does not include 3220 cm−1

C is not correct because the amine range does not include 3220 cm−1

D is not correct because the amide range does include 3220 cm−1
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(c) Guidance on how the mark scheme should be (6)
This question assesses the student’s ability to
applied:
show a coherent and logically structured answer
The mark for indicative content should be added
with linkages and fully sustained reasoning.
to the mark for lines of reasoning. For example, a
response with four indicative marking points that
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for
is partially structured with some linkages and
how the answer is structured and shows lines of
lines of reasoning scores 4 marks (3 marks for
reasoning.
indicative content and 1 mark for partial structure
and some linkages and lines of reasoning).
The following table shows how the marks should
If there were no linkages between the points,
be awarded for indicative content.
then the same indicative marking points would
Number of indicative Number of marks
yield and overall score of 3 marks (3 marks for
marking points seen in awarded for indicative
indicative content and zero marks for linkages).
answer marking points
6 4
5-4 3
3-2 2
1 1
0 0

The following table shows how the marks should

be awarded for structure and lines of reasoning
 Number of
marks
awarded for
structure of
answer and
sustained lines
of reasoning
Answer shows a 2
coherent logical
structure with More than one indicative marking point may be
linkages and fully made within the same comment or explanation
sustained lines of
reasoning Accept annotated diagrams to illustrate the
demonstrated indicative points
throughout
Answer is partially 1
structured with
some linkages and
lines of reasoning
Answer has no 0
linkages between
points and is
unstructured

Ignore reference to other amino acid properties

Indicative content
IP1 (Similarity) The zwitterions can be evidenced from each
• they are both amino acid zwitterion in an equation
2-amino acids / alpha amino acids / e.g. NH3+CH(CH3)COO− / NH3+CH2COO−
naturally occurring/ zwitterions
IP2
• equation for the reaction with an acid e.g. H+ + NH3+CH2COO− → NH3+CH2COOH or
H++NH3+CH(CH3)COO−→ H3N+CH(CH3)COOH
IP3
• equation for the reaction with a base OH−+NH3+CH2COO−→NH2CH2COO−+H2O or
OH−+NH3+CH(CH3)COO−→NH2CH(CH3)COO−+H2O
Allow use of un-ionised amino acid structures

If IP2 and 3 not scored then allow 1IP for a

suitable description of acid and base behaviour

IP4
• alanine has a chiral centre/ asymmetric Allow reference to four different atoms/groups
carbon atom/ non-superimposable mirror bonded to central carbon for chiral centre
images
and
glycine does not ‘Plane’ must be stated at least once
IP5
• (an aqueous solution of) alanine rotates the Wedges must be drawn
plane (of polarisation) of plane-polarised e.g.
(monochromatic) light but glycine does not Ignore angles and
IP6 connectivity
• diagram to show enantiomers of alanine
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(d) An explanation which includes (2)

• lysine requires twice (the volume of HCl) (1) Allow lysine requires 20.0 cm3 and serine
requires 10 cm3

• (because) lysine has two (basic) amine/NH2 groups Allow lysine has one more (basic) /
whereas serine has one (1) another amine/ NH2 group
Allow lysine can accept two protons
whereas serine can only accept one

(Total Question 7 = 14 marks)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) The only correct answer is C (6 ……. 7) (1)

A is not correct because there are six non-equivalent carbons in isoamyl acetate and seven in
amyl acetate

B is not correct because all carbons of amyl acetate generate their own peak in the spectrum

D is not correct because the two methyl groups on the branched chain are equivalent

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(b) (1)
• C7H14O2 Accept atoms in any order

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(c) (1)
• CH3COOH Allow displayed, skeletal or
combination of
Do not award molecular formula
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(d) Allow ‘methly’ for methyl (1)
• 3-methylbutan-1-ol Allow name with missing hyphens
Allow 3-methylbutane-1-ol
Allow 3-methylbut-1-anol
Allow 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutane

Do not allow 3-methylbut-1-ol

Ignore formulae even if incorrect

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(e) (1)
• pentyl ethanoate Allow pentanyl ethanoate
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(f)(i) Any three of the following four structures (3)
Accept formulae in any
order

(1) Award (2) if 3 correct

(1) (1) (1) displayed/structural
formulae given

Award (1) if 2 correct

displayed/structural
formulae given
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(f)(ii) An equation that has Example of equation (2)

• ethanoyl chloride (1)

• alcohol
and ester+ HCl product (1)
Allow structural, displayed formulae in any combination
Ignore connectivity to OH except horizontal
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect
If molecular formulae used then allow (1) for correct equation

Allow (1) for a correct equation to form ester A from ethanoic acid
e.g.
CH3COOH + CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3 ⇌ CH3COOCH(CH3) CH2CH2CH3 + H2O
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(g) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Points can be made in equations (4)

(similarity)
• both make the (same) alcohol / pentan-1-ol (1)

(differences)
• acid hydrolysis is reversible, alkaline hydrolysis is Accept acid hydrolysis is an
irreversible (1) equilibrium and alkaline hydrolysis
goes to completion

• acid hydrolysis produces the carboxylic acid/ ethanoic acid Allow just acid for carboxylic acid
and
alkaline hydrolysis produces the carboxylate / ethanoate Allow salt for carboxylate
(ion) (1)

• the acid is a catalyst and the alkali is a reactant (1) Allow the acid will be regenerated /not
used up but the alkali will be used up

Ignore references to rate differences

Ignore references to a need for the
product of alkaline hydrolysis to be
acidified which is different to acid
hydrolysis

(Total Question 8 = 14 marks)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(a) (1)
2
• rate equation Rate = k[CH3CHO]

Allow K for k
Allow r or R for Rate
Allow displayed, semi-structural or
skeletal formula for ethanal

Do not allow rounded brackets

Do not allow missing rate
Do not allow “rate equation = “

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(b) (1)
3 −1 −1
• rate constant units dm mol s

Allow units in any order

Do not penalise use of mol− / s−

No TE on incorrect equation in (a)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(c) Example of calculation (2)
• calculation of average rate between 0 – 420 s to Rate = ((0.72- 0.36) ÷ (420 - 0) = 8.5714 x 10−4)
1/2 SF (1) = 9 x 10−4 / 8.6 x 10−4 (mol dm−3 s-1)

• calculation of average rate between 420 – 1260 s Rate = ((0.36 - 0.18) ÷ (1260 – 420) = 2.1429 x 10−4)
to 1/2 SF (1) = 2 x 10−4 / 2.1 x 10−4 (mol dm−3 s-1)

Penalise lack of 1/2 SF once only

Ignore units even if incorrect

Ignore negative sign in front of rate
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(d) An explanation that makes reference to (2)

• not zero order because the rate is not constant (1) Allow the rates calculated in (c) are not
the same

• not first order because the time taken for the Allow different times are taken for the
concentration to halve is not equal/ concentration to halve
half lives are not constant
or
not first order because the rate change is not (directly) Allow the concentration is halved but the
proportional to the concentration change (1) rate decreases by a quarter

If no other mark awarded allow (1) for

reference to justification of second order
due to concentration decreasing by ½ but
rate decreasing by ¼
or due to rate change proportional to
concentration squared/ exponential
change
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(e) Example of suitable graph: (7)
• calculation of 1/T value (1) 1.27 x 10−3

• calculation of ln k value (1) −1.07

Penalise values not to 3 SF once only in M1
and M2

• axes: correct way round and in the correct Accept use of 1 x 103 or 1 x 10−3 on x axis
direction, labelled with units, suitable scale (1) Do not award 1/t for 1/T
Plotted points must cover at least ½ the graph
paper on each axis

• all points plotted correctly, with best-fit Allow ±1 square

straight line (1)

• calculation of gradient (1) Gradient = (−) 21250 Allow ±900

• sign and units of gradient (1) − and K

• use of gradient to calculate activation energy Ea = − (−21250 x 8.31) / 1000

(1) = (+) 177 (kJ mol−1) Allow ±7

Allow 177000 J mol−1 ±7000

Ignore SF except 1 SF
Do not penalise mol-
TE on numerical value of gradient
Final answer must be positive
(Total Question 9 = 13 marks)
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