Mark Scheme (Provisional)

Summer 2021

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Subsidiary Level
In Chemistry (WCH12)
Paper 01: Energetics, Group Chemistry,
Halogenoalkanes and Alcohols
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Summer 2021
Question Paper Log Number P64624A
Publications Code WCH12_01_2106_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Using the mark scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT
mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates
to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and knowledge.
Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what
is expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit. ( )
means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner
to get the sense of the expected answer.

Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential
to the answer. ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier
part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that
the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together
in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
 write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the
meaning clear
 select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject
matter
 organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions
where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but
this does not preclude others.
Section A

Question Answer Mark

Number
1 1

The only correct answer is A ( )

B is incorrect because the labels are incorrect
C is incorrect because the labels are incorrect and this is for an endothermic reaction
D is incorrect because the labels are incorrect and is for an endothermic reaction

Question Answer Mark

Number
2 The only correct answer is D (ΔrH ) 1
A is incorrect because this is not an enthalpy of atomisation
B is incorrect because carbon monoxide is not the final combustion product of carbon
C is incorrect because two moles of carbon monoxide are formed
Question Answer Mark
Number
3 The only correct answer is A (0.01) 1
B is incorrect because this is the average rate of reaction over 15 seconds
C is incorrect because this is the average rate of reaction up to 8 seconds
D is incorrect because this is the concentration reading at 8 seconds

Question Answer Mark

Number
4 The only correct answer is C (Y and W) 1
A is incorrect because the curve is for a lower temperature
B is incorrect because the curve is for a lower temperature and the Ea has increased
D is incorrect because the Ea has increased

Question Answer Mark

Number
5 The only correct answer is D (+6) 1
A is incorrect because this does not consider the numbers of oxygen and sodium atoms in the compound
B is incorrect because this is the number of chromium atoms in the compound
C is incorrect because this does not consider the oxidation numbers of sodium and oxygen

Question Answer Mark

Number
6 The only correct answer is C (N2O4 ) 1
A is incorrect because the oxidation number of nitrogen is +1
B is incorrect because the oxidation number of nitrogen averages +3
D is incorrect because the oxidation number of nitrogen is +5
Question Answer Mark
Number
7 The only correct answer is D (Hydrogen unchanged, Oxygen oxidised and reduced) 1
A is incorrect because hydrogen is unchanged and oxygen is both oxidised and reduced
B is incorrect because hydrogen is unchanged and oxygen is both oxidised and reduced
C is incorrect because hydrogen is unchanged and oxygen is both oxidised and reduced

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 The only correct answer is B (II and III) 1
A is incorrect because number of protons increasing is not a reason for decreasing ionisation energy down the group
C is incorrect because electrons being unpaired is not a reason for decreasing ionisation energy down the group
D is incorrect because statements I and IV are not reasons for decreasing ionisation energy down the group

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(a) The only correct answer is A (CH3CHICH3) 1
B is incorrect because the rate of reaction increases as the carbon-halogen bond strength decreases
C is incorrect because the rate of reaction increases as the carbon-halogen bond strength decreases
D is incorrect because the rate of reaction increases as the carbon-halogen bond strength decreases

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(b) The only correct answer is B (CH3CH2CBr(CH3)CH3) 1
A is incorrect because secondary halogenoalkanes take longer to hydrolyse than tertiary
C is incorrect because primary halogenoalkanes take longer to hydrolyse than tertiary
D is incorrect because primary halogenoalkanes take longer to hydrolyse than tertiary
Question Answer Mark
Number
Br Cl
10 1
H3C C C H

The only correct answer is A ( CH3 CH3 )

B is incorrect because the bromine and chlorine are on the wrong carbon atoms
C is incorrect because there is an additional methyl group
D is incorrect because the chlorine and the bromine are on the same carbon atom

Question Answer Mark

Number
11 1

The only correct answer is C ( )

A is incorrect because this is a secondary haloalkane
B is incorrect because this is a tertiary haloalkane
D is incorrect because this is a secondary haloalkane
Question Answer Mark
Number
12 1

The only correct answer is C ( )

A is incorrect because this shows no absorbance for the C=C stretch
B is incorrect because this shows no absorbance for the O-H stretch or C=C stretch
D is incorrect because this shows no absorbance for the O-H stretch

Question Answer Mark

Number
13 The only correct answer is B (CH3CO+) 1
A is incorrect because the fragment is not present in propanone
C is incorrect because the fragment is not present in propanone
D is incorrect because the fragment is not present in propanone

Question Answer Mark

Number
14 The only correct answer is D (136.9 cm3) 1
A is incorrect because this is the volume of acid required
B is incorrect because this is the number of moles of acid multiplied by 1000
C is incorrect because this is 150 ‒ (the number of moles of acid multiplied by 1000)
Question Answer Mark
Number
15(a) The only correct answer is B (5) 1
A is incorrect because this is the rounded number of grams of NaOH needed
C is incorrect because this is the mass of a pellet divided by the moles of NaOH
D is incorrect because this is the moles of NaOH multiplied by 1000 and divided by 0.7

Question Answer Mark

Number
15(b) The only correct answer is A (0.0031 mol) 1
B is incorrect because this is the moles of sodium hydroxide
C is incorrect because the number of moles of NaOH has been doubled instead of halved
D is incorrect because this calculation has ignored the sample of 25.0 cm3

Question Answer Mark

Number
15(c) The only correct answer is B (pink  colourless) 1
A is incorrect because the indicator would start pink in sodium hydroxide
C is incorrect because this is the opposite colour change for methyl orange indicator
D is incorrect because this is the colour change for methyl orange indicator

Question Answer Mark

Number
16 The only correct answer is C (AgCl and AgBr ) 1
A is incorrect because AgBr will be soluble but not AgI
B is incorrect because AgCl will be soluble but not AgI
D is incorrect because AgBr will also be soluble
Question Answer Mark
Number
17 The only correct answer is C (5.22 dm3) 1
A is incorrect because this is the number of moles of hydrogen
B is incorrect because this is the number of moles of lithium
D is incorrect because this is the number of moles of lithium multiplied by the molar volume

Total for Section A = 20 marks

Section B

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
18(a) 1
 identification of suitable reagent(s) 50% / concentrated
and
sulfuric acid / H2SO4
and
potassium bromide / KBr

Allow
Other named bromides
Phosphorus and bromine
Phosphorus(V) bromide / PBr5
Phosphorus(III) bromide / PBr3
Thionyl bromide / SOBr2

If the name and the formula are given, then both

must be correct

Do not award dilute sulfuric acid

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
18(b)(i)  conditions Ethanolic / alcoholic (solution) 1

Allow ethanol / alcohol

Ignore heat / solid / reflux

Do not award aqueous solution

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(b)(ii)  C4H7N Allow elements in any order 1

Ignore C3H7CN

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
18(b)(iii)  nucleophilic (1) Allow nucleophile for nucleophilic 2
 substitution (1)
Mark independently
List principle applies (further incorrect answers will each lose a mark)
Allow phonetic spelling
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(b)(iv)  dipole and arrow from C‒Br (1) 4
bond to Brδ‒ or just beyond

 arrow from ammonia to Cδ+

and 1 or 2 correct curly (1)
arrows on intermediate
(each from bond or lone
pair to atom) (1)

 intermediate with charge (1)

H+/
 ammonium / H+ and
bromide ion
Accept bromide and H+/ammonium ions shown anywhere on answer
OR (i.e. they don’t have to be with intermediate and final product respectively)

HBr Allow 3rd arrow for M2 to be from bromide lone pair to the hydrogen atom

OR Negative charge on ammonia should be penalised once only

NH4Br Accept correct SN2 mechanism for 4 marks

Total for Question 18 = 9 marks)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(a) An answer that makes reference to the following Example of equation: 2
points:
 correct balanced equation (1) Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)
OR
Mg(s) + 2H+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)

 correct state symbols (1) M2 dependent on M1 or near miss (e.g. missing 2

on 2H+)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
19(b) An answer that makes reference to the following Example answer: 3
points:
 moles calculated correctly for magnesium (1) 0.5  24.3 = 0.020576 moles of Mg
Allow use of 24 for 24.3 gives 0.020833
Allow 0.020
Do not award 0.02

 moles calculated correctly for acid (1) 0.2 × (25  1000) = 0.005 moles of acid

 justification of both the reacted moles being the (1) 0.005 moles of each react as it is a 1:1
smaller value as a 1:1 stoichiometry (and Mg relationship
being in excess) (This can be shown in working/text, but must not
be contradicted in final answer)

Ignore any further workings

e.g. 0.005 + 0.005 = 0.01

TE from equation for stoichiometry

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(c)(i) An answer that makes reference to Example of graph: 2
the following points:

 suitable choice of scale so that

the points cover at least 50% of
the grid in both directions and
allow for extrapolation
AND
correct choice of axes suitably (1)
labelled including units

 all points plotted correctly (1)

Allow units in brackets e.g. (min) instead of “/ min”

NB Lines do not have to be present for 19(c)(i)

Ignore scale breaks between 0 and 20/22 on the y-axis that allow for
M1 and M2 to be scored
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following Example of calculation: 2
points:

 two straight lines of best fit with the cooling curve (1) Ignore points 2, 3 and 4 being joined by a line
extrapolated back to 2 minutes

 calculation of temperature change from the (1) 43.5 ‒ 22.0 = 21.5(C)

graph at 2 minutes TE from the graph in 19(c)(i)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
19(d) An answer that makes reference to the following Example calculation: 4
points:
 recall of equation (1) ΔH = (‒)mcΔT

 substitution of correct values (1) ΔH = 25 × 4.18 × 21.5 = 2246.75(J)

 conversion to molar quantity (1) ΔH  0.005 = (‒)449 350 ( J mol-1) / (‒)449 (kJ mol-1)

 correct sign and units (1) ‒ 449 350 J mol-1 / ‒ 449 kJ mol-1
TE throughout and from 19(c)(ii) and 19(a)
[‒ 413.8kJ mol-1 scores 4 if 19.8 used as ΔT ]

If mass of 25.5g is used, then the answer will be

‒ 458 337 J mol-1 / ‒ 458 kJ mol-1 for 3 marks

Ignore SF except 1SF

Ignore rounding

Correct answer with sign and units scores (4)

(Total for Question 19 = 13 marks)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
20 (a)* This question assesses the student’s ability to show a coherent and Guidance on how the mark scheme should be 6
logically structured answer with linkages and fully sustained reasoning. applied.

Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is
The mark for indicative content should be added to
structured and shows lines of reasoning.
the mark for lines of reasoning. For example, a
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for response with five indicative marking points that is
indicative content. partially structured with some linkages and lines of
Number of indicative marking Number of marks awarded for reasoning scores 4 marks (3 marks for indicative
points seen in answer indicative marking points content and 1 mark for partial structure and some
6 4 linkages and lines of reasoning).
5-4 3
3-2 2 If there were no linkages between the points, then
1 1 the same indicative marking points would yield an
0 0 overall score of 3 marks (3 marks for indicative
content and no marks for linkages).
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for
structure and lines of reasoning
In general, it would be expected that 5 or 6 indicative
Number of marks
points would get 2 reasoning marks, and 3 or 4
awarded for structure
indicative points would get 1 mark for reasoning,
of answer and
and 0, 1 or 2 indicative points would score zero
sustained lines of
marks for reasoning.
reasoning
Answer shows a coherent logical 2
structure with linkages and fully
sustained lines of reasoning
If there is any incorrect chemistry, deduct mark(s)
demonstrated throughout
from the reasoning. If no reasoning mark(s)
Answer is partially structured with 1 awarded do not deduct mark(s).
some linkages and lines of reasoning
Answer has no linkages between 0
Comment: Look for the indicative marking points
points and is unstructured
first, then consider the mark for the structure of the
answer and sustained line of reasoning.
Indicative content:
 IP1: fluorine molecules only have London forces Allow dispersion forces / van der Waals forces
(instantaneous dipole-induced dipole) between them Allow no dipole-dipole forces in place of “only”
(as it has a symmetrical electron cloud/is a
symmetrical/non-polar molecule.)

 IP2: hydrogen chloride is a polar molecule as chlorine is Allow H and Cl have different electronegativities
more electronegative than hydrogen.

 IP3: HCl forms permanent dipole-permanent dipole Allow just “permanent dipole interactions”
interactions in addition to London forces.

 IP4: methanol contains a hydrogen attached to a small Allow oxygen in place of the small
electronegative element so can form hydrogen bonds (in electronegative element
addition to permanent dipole-permanent dipole
interactions and London Forces).

 IP5: hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular

forces so take the most energy to break.

 IP6: London forces are the weakest intermolecular forces,

so fluorine has the lowest boiling temperature.
Energy and boiling temperature need only be
referenced once each in relation to H-bonds
and/or London forces in order to gain IP5 and
IP6

Allow reverse arguments for IP5 and IP6

Ignore references to shapes, sizes and surface

areas
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
20(b) An answer that makes reference to the following (A minimum of two water molecules should 2
points: be drawn for each ion – penalise once only)
(1)
E.g.
 the oxygen is closest to the calcium ion
(1)
 the hydrogen is closest to the chloride ion

Allow displayed formula of water

Allow diagrams without dotted lines
Allow only one hydrogen of each water molecule
closest to the chloride e.g.

A singular water molecule correctly orientated

between the ions scores 1

Dipoles are not required but if shown they must

be correct

Incorrectly labelled dipoles as charges should be

penalised once, whether on water (or conversely
on ions)

Do not award O2H, but if molecules are unshaded

assume they are H2O
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
20(c) An answer that makes reference to the following Accept reverse arguments. 2
points:

 Iodine has more electrons (per molecule) (than (1) If numbers of electrons are given they must be
bromine) correct for molecules, not the atoms.

 so stronger London forces between molecules / (1)

I2 (mean a higher melting temperature for Accept stronger van der Waals/induced dipole-
iodine) induced dipole forces / dispersion forces
Do not award between atoms
Allow “between iodine”

(Total for Question 20 = 10 marks)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
21 (a) Example of a calculation: 4

 calculation of mass of oxalate remaining (1) 6.0 × 0.3 = 1.8 (g) will remain as oxalate

 4.2 g will decompose to carbonate (1) 6.0 ‒ 1.8 = 4.2 (g) will decompose

 Mr of oxalate and carbonate used to give (1) (4.2 ÷ 112.3) × 84.3 = 3.15 (g)
mass of carbonate

 final answer (1) 3.15 + 1.8 = 4.95 (g)

Alternative method 1:
 calculate moles of oxalate (1) 6.0 ÷ 112.3 = 0.0534 (mol)

 calculate 70% (1) 0.7 × 0.0534 = 0.0374 (mol)

 calculation of Mr of CO and mass lost (1) 28 × 0.0373 = 1.047 (g)

 subtract from original mass (1) 6.0 ‒ 1.047 = 4.95(3) (g)

Alternative method 2:
 calculate mass that has decomposed (1) 6.0 × 0.7 = 4.2 (g)

 calculate moles that have decomposed (1) (4.2 ÷ 112.3) = 0.0374 (mol)

 calculate mass of carbonate (1) 0.0374 × 84.3 = 3.15 (g)

 addition of remaining solid (1) 3.15 + (6 ‒ 4.2) = 4.95 (g)

continued on next page

Alternative method 3:
 Mr of CO and oxalate (1) 28 and 112.3

 calculation of mass of CO (1) 6.0 × (28 ÷ 112.3) = 1.496 (g)

 70% of mass of CO (1) 1.496 × 0.7 = 1.047 (g)

 subtraction of mass of CO (1) 6.0 ‒ 1.047 = 4.95(3) (g)

Ignore SF

Correct answer scores 4

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
21 (b) An answer that makes reference to the following Accept reverse arguments 3
points:
 the temperature of decomposition of (1)
carbonates / stability increases down the group

 (this is because) the size of the cation increases (1) Allow charge density decreases (down the group)
but has the same charge

 so is less polarising (of the C‒O bond) (1)

The trend down the group must be mentioned
for all 3 marks to be awarded

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
21 (c) An answer that makes reference to the following 1
points:
 the magnesium carbonate may begin to Allow the sample would be contaminated with
decompose (before the oxalate decomposition magnesium oxide
is complete).

(Total for Question 21 = 8 marks)

Section C

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
22(a) An answer that makes reference to the following 2
points:
A diagram that includes:

 carbon singly covalently bonded to two chlorine (1)

atoms and three lone pairs on each chlorine

 carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and two (1)

lone pairs on the oxygen

Penalise lack of lone pairs once only

Allow any representation of electrons

Allow individual electrons spread out, rather

than in pairs

Allow horizontal shared pairs of electrons

Ignore lines representing covalent bonds

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following 4
points: Ignore references to rate of reaction

Any two pairs from the three:

 decrease the temperature (1) Allow T↓

 as the (forward) reaction is exothermic (1) Allow “favours the exothermic reaction”

 increase the pressure (1)

Allow P↑
 as there a fewer moles of (gas) on the product side (1)
if numbers are quoted, they must be 2:1

Allow “favours the side with fewer moles”

EITHER
 remove the phosgene (as it is formed) (1)

 to reduce the concentration of product (so (1)

equilibrium moves to the right)

OR
 add more CO / Cl2 (1)

 to increase the concentration of the reactants (so (1)

equilibrium moves to the right)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22 (b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Example of an answer: 4

 correct species (1)

 correct state symbols (1)

 correct arrows (1)

ΔHf CO = −220.1 ‒ (−107.6)
 calculation of value (1) = −112.5 (kJ mol−1)

Accept state symbol for C(s, graphite)

Ignore absence of arrow and value to chlorine

Numbers are not required on the cycle

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
22(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 chlorine isotopes (35 and 37) are in the ratio of 3:1 (1) Accept 37Cl 75% : 35Cl 25%
Allow this shown in workings e.g. CO37Cl37Cl(+) =
102, CO35Cl37Cl(+) = 100, CO35Cl35Cl(+) = 98

Do not award 36Cl

 (as there are) two chlorine atoms give the ratio of 9:6:1 (1)
Mark independently

Reference to isotopes of carbon should be

penalised once
 Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following point 1

 CO35Cl+ Allow the + on any of the atoms

Ignore brackets

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
22(c)(iii) An answer that makes reference to the following point Example of completed graph: 1

 peak drawn at 65 with relative intensity of 33.3

Allow a peak height between 30-35

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22 (d) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 1

 1795 (cm−1) (1) Allow a number or range within 1630-1850

(cm−1)
 (from the) C=O (stretching vibrations) (1)
M2 is dependent on M1

Allow a number or range within 550-850 (cm−1)

and C-Cl (stretching vibrations) for 2 marks

Ignore acyl chloride

Do not award M2 for aldehydes/ketones

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
22(e)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following point: 1

 balanced equation 2CHCl3 + O2  2COCl2 + 2HCl

Accept multiples of the equation

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22(e)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following point: 1

 oxygen concentration will decrease Allow oxygen used up

Allow [O2] decreases
Allow volume of oxygen decreases

Do not award “air is used up”

“Reactants are used up” is insufficient as doesn’t

apply information from the question

Comments about trichloromethane decreasing

negate the oxygen mark

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
22(e)(iii) An answer that makes reference to the following point 1

 use a fume cupboard (due to toxic and irritant gases) Allow open in a well-ventilated laboratory /
open outside / wear a gas mask

Ignore eye protection / laboratory coats / gloves

Ignore just “mask” and “do not inhale”

Do not award face shield

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
22(e)(iv) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 1

 no, because some of the HCl/COCl2 may have dissolved Allow may have reacted (with oxygen) to give
into the chloroform / be trapped as bubbles in the liquid (toxic) phosgene / COCl2

(Total for Question 22 = 20 marks)

Total for Section C = 20 marks
Total for Paper = 80 marks
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