Construction industry Heavy construction

-is one of the largest commercial activities in the -is the term used for larger infrastructure
United States, encompassing establishments projects, such as highways, bridges, canals,
engaged in the construction of buildings and dams, subways, tunnels, utility piping systems,
larger engineering projects, such as roadways water control construction, and
and utility infrastructure. communications networks.

Pre-design phase Industrial construction

-sets the initial objectives and criteria under -refers to the building of largescale
which a building will be planned. manufacturing and processing plants or utility
generation installations.

Design phase
Construction drone program
-determines the actual geometry, materials, and
performance characteristics of the finished -can dramatically improve the accuracy of
structure. construction surveys, progress reporting, safety,
and inspection processes.

Construction phase
Design and construction of a building project
-is involved with the physical realization of the
finished building. -is the result of the collective ideas, talents, and
services of a large and diverse group of
professionals.
Building construction

-involves the assembly of a building on a piece

Programming
of property, encompassing residential,
commercial, civic, educational, religious, and -is the research and decision-making process
agricultural buildings, among others. that determines the specific set of needs that a
building is expected to fulfill, and identifies the
scope of work to be accommodated and
designed
Design sketches and feasibility studies Building information models (BIMs)

-are developed as a series of alternatives for -are computer files which serve to manage the
approval by the owner. complexity of the interdisciplinary information
that goes into the design and construction
phase activities of a building that can be
Design intent exchanged and networked to support decision-
making.
-is a statement that defines the anticipated
aesthetic, functional, and performance
characteristics of the finished building or
Construction documents (CD)
project. Functional and spatial requirements,
including types, sizes and adjacencies of spaces, -consist of two interdependent components:
are defined and tabulated. the drawings and the specifications.

Floor plan Construction drawings

-is a representation of a building looking down -sometimes referred to as working drawings,

after a horizontal plane has been cut through it visually outline the dimensional relationships
and the top portion removed. between all aspects of the building including
their location, form, size, and quantities, as well
as the materials used, and their colors and
Building section textures.

-gives a view of a building after a vertical plane

has been cut through it and the front portion
Specifications
removed.
-describe in writing more detailed information
on the exact types of materials to be used and
Computer-aided drafting the ways in which construction processes are
conducted.
-software enables the design team to efficiently
create and manage modifications to the
architectural drawing set.
MasterFormat Subcontractors

-provides a standard for writing specifications -who perform the focused labor within their
using a system of descriptive titles and numbers technical areas, such as the electrical, plumbing,
to organize construction activities, products, roofing, bricklaying, carpentry, concrete work.
and requirements into a standard order that
facilitates the retrieval of information and
serves as a means for all participants within the Superintendent
construction industry to communicate.
-is the general contractor’s on-site
representative responsible for continuous field
supervision, coordination, and completion of
Project manual
the work.
-completed specification

Competitive bidding
Contract documents
-In this method, qualified construction
-consist of the construction drawings, and the contractors are invited to bid on the project on
project manual consisting of the final a competitive basis, with the contract often
specifications. being awarded to the contractor that submits
the lowest bid.

GreenFormat
Invitational bidding
-a newly released version of the MasterFormat,
was introduced to incorporate new -wherein only preselected contractors are asked
environmentally friendly products and to provide bids on a project.
construction procedures that were previously
not included.
Negotiated contract

-can have the advantage of bringing a contractor

General contractors (GCs)
into the project in the pre-construction phase of
-assume the responsibility for the construction the work
of an entire project at a specific cost and by a
specified date.
Multiple prime contracts Construction Management for Fee

-are often used on large and complex projects -in this method the manager does not
where a number of specialty contractors are guarantee a budget or schedule, and neither
engaged to complete different parts of the will they perform any work on site.
work.

Construction Management at Risk

Fast tracking
-When the management firm acts as general
-a project shortens the overall construction time contractor, it assumes all the liability and
by beginning work on site prior to the responsibility of a general contractor, which is
completion of the construction documents. why this delivery method.
Construction documents for fast-track projects
are often completed in sequenced packages.

Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
-is the traditional method of project delivery
that moves sequentially from conception of a -is an increasingly common project delivery
project through its construction. approach that attempts to bring together all the
diverse participants for a project at the
beginning of the design phase and throughout
Design-build the procurement and construction of the
project.
-contracting method, the owner contracts with
a single party that completes all portions of the
work from design through construction.
Lean construction

-can be characterized as techniques that strive

Construction management to maximize value and minimize waste.

-is an umbrella term applied to a variety of

project delivery arrangements in which specific
Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
construction management services are provided
by a separate management firm that completes -sometimes referred to as 3P, is a project
the services traditionally provided by a general delivery contract between a federal, state or
contractor. local governing body and a private developer
with the aim of providing a service or
development for the benefit of the public.

Building permit
Notice to proceed
-is a certificate issued by the local governing
-is a written directive from the owner to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) authorizing
contractor that sets the date that the contractor the construction of a project after a thorough
can begin the work under the conditions of the review of the construction documents to ensure
contract. compliance with local building, safety, and fire
codes.

Construction schedule
Field office
-assigns progressive dates to all project
activities and phases -provides a central command post for the day-
to-day site activities, housing the construction
documents, project files, and provides an office
for the project superintendent.

Project scheduling

-is used to match the resources of equipment, Shop drawing

materials, and labor with the project
-gives precise directives for the fabrication of
construction phases over time.
certain components, such as structural steel
work, concrete reinforcing, or pre-cast concrete
components.
Critical path method (CPM)
Construction mock-up
-for scheduling, sometimes referred to as
“critical path scheduling.” This method -is a full-size model of a proposed construction
calculates the minimum time required for a system built to judge the appearance of an
certain task, along with the possible start and assembly, examine its construction details, and
finish times for the project activities. test for performance under actual site
conditions.

Construction change directive (CCD)

-is a written order prepared by the architect and

signed by the owner directing a change in the
work and stating a proposed basis for
adjustment in the contract time, cost, or both.

Change order

-is a written directive to the contractor issued

after the execution of an agreement that
authorizes an addition, deletion, or revision to
the project, along with the related adjustments
in contract budget and time.

Punch List

A listing of the remaining items to be installed

or repaired is called a punch list.

Certificate of occupancy

-is issued by the local building department

indicating that the building is compliant with
locally adopted building codes and is in proper
condition to be occupied.