LAB FILE

Course: Computer Networks

Course Code: EIECC16

Submitted to :- Submitted by:-

Proff. Shailesh Mishra G MANMOHIT MAHADEV
2021UEI2835

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 INDEX

EXP NO. AIM

1
Study of cables and connectors in computer network, design and construct Straight
& Cross LAN cable.

2 Study of various Network Devices (Repeater Hub Switch Bridge Router) in Detail

3 Connect the computers in Local Area Network, and Study of basic network command
and Network configuration commands.
4
Configure and analyze bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid network topology with wired
vs wireless networks.

5 Configuring IP routing using routing information protocol.

Introduction to Communication between two PCs.

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7. Introduction to Routing Information Protocol version-01 on Packet Tracers.

8. Simulation of Address Resolution Protocol and Reverse Address Resolution

Protocol.

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 EXPERIMENT 1

Aim: Study of cables and connectors in computer networks, design and

construct straight and cross LAN cable.

Apparatus: Cables, crimping tool Theory:

1.) Connections:

A connection is a term that describes the link between a plug or connector into a port
or jack. For example, your monitor, mouse and keyboard all must connect to the
computer before they work.

2) Different types of connection:

i) Point-to-point connection: A point-to-point connection is a direct link between two
devices such as a computer and a printer. It uses dedicated link between the devices.
The entire capacity of the link is used for the transmission between those two
devices. Most of today’s point-to-point connections are associated with modems and
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) communications. In point-to-point
networks, there exist many connections between individual pairs of machines.

ii) Multipoint connection: A multipoint connection is a link between three or more

devices. It is also known as multi-drop configuration. The networks having
multipoint configuration are called Broadcast Networks. In a broadcast network, a
message or a packet sent by any machine is received by all other machines in a
network.

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Broadcast network provides the provision for broadcasting & multicasting.
Broadcasting is the process in which a single packet is received and processed by all
the machines in the network. It is made possible by using a special code in the
address field of the packet. When a packet is sent to a subset of the machines i.e.,
only to few machines in the network it is known as multicasting.

3.) RJ-45: signal. A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized physical network interface
for connecting telecommunications or data equipment. The physical connectors that
registered jacks use are mainly of the modular connector and 50-pin miniature ribbon
connector types. The most common twisted-pair connector is an 8-position, 8contact
(8P8C) modular plug and jack commonly referred to as an RJ45 connector.

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There are two different wiring standards for the RJ-45 pin:
i) T-658A: its order is –

1. white/green

2. green
3. white/orange

4. blue

5.white/blue
6.orange

7.white/brown

8. brown

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4. categories of different cables with their bandwidth and usage:

5.types of shielding for an ethernet cable.

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6. types of cables:

i) Straight (patch) cable is when both ends of a cable are wired using the same
wiring standard.
It's the most common type of ethernet cable that’s used on a LAN . it is used to
connect different types of devices

ii) A crossover cable is when both ends of a cable are wired using 2 different
types of wiring standards. It is used to connect two similar devices together.

Result: We studied about cables and connectors and analyzed straight and cross
LAN cables

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 EXPERIMENT-2

Aim- Study of the following Network Devices in Detail

• Repeater
• Hub
• Switch
• Bridge
• Router

Apparatus: Laptop, Cisco Packet Tracer

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Experiment:

REPEATER

Ip Address table:

PC15 10.10.10.1

PC16 10.10.10.2

PC17 10.10.10.3

PC18 10.10.10.4

PC19 10.10.10.5

PC20 10.10.10.6

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HUB

PC2 10.10.10.1

PC3 10.10.10.2

PC4 10.10.10.3

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11
SWITCH

Manmohit 5.5.0.1

Mahadev 5.5.0.2

PC2 5.5.0.3

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ROUTER

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BRIDGE

PC21 10.10.10.1

PC22 10.10.10.2

PC23 10.10.10.3

PC24 10.10.10.4

PC25 10.10.10.5

PC26 10.10.10.6

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Result: We successfully created a LAN using network devices such as
Repeater, Hub, Switch, Bridge and Router.

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 EXPERIMENT 3
Aim: Connect the computers in a Local Area Network, and study
basic network commands and network configuration commands.
Apparatus: Laptop, Cisco Packet Tracer
Experiment:
Procedure:
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer so3ware.
2. Drag two or more computers onto the work space.
3. Connect the computers together using Ethernet cables.
4. Configure the network seAngs on each computer .To do this, double-click on a
computer and select the Desktop tab. In the IP Address secGon, enter an IP
address, subnet mask, and default gateway for the computer.

5. Test the network connecGon by trying toping one computer from another
computer. To do this, open a command prompt on one of the computers and type
the following command:

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IPCONFIG

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IPCONFIG ALL

PING

TRACERT

Result: A Local Area Network was created using a switch and some basic networking commands
studied and used.

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 Experiment 4

AIM- Configure and analyze bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid network
topology with wired networks

Apparatus: Laptop, Cisco Packet Tracer Theory:

Bus Topology : All devices share a single communication line or cable. Bus topology may
have problems while multiple hosts sending data at the same time.

Mesh Topology : Host is connected to one or multiple hosts. This topology has hosts in
point-to-point connection with every other host or may also have hosts which are in point-to-point
connection to few hosts only.

Star Topology : Hosts are connected to a central device, known as hub device, using a point-
to-point connection. That is, there exists a point to point connection between hosts and hub. Ring

Topology : Each host machine connects to exactly two other machines, creating a circular

network structure. When one host tries to communicate or send message to a host which is not
adjacent to it, the data travels through all intermediate hosts.

Hybrid Topology A network structure whose design contains more than one topology is
said to be hybrid topology. Hybrid topology inherits the merits and demerits of all the incorporating
topologies.

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Experiment:
BUS TOPOLOGY

PC0 12.12.0.1

PC1 12.12.0.2

PC2 12.12.0.3

PC3 12.12.0.4

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PING

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MESH

Messi 12.12.12.1

Depaul 12.12.12.2

Dybala 12.12.12.3

PC4 12.12.12.4

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PING

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STAR

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PC0 5.5.0.1

PC1 5.5.0.2

PC2 5.5.0.3

PC3 5.5.0.4

PC4 5.5.0.5

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PING

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RING

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PC0 4.4.0.1

PC1 4.4.0.2

PC2 4.4.0.3

PC3 4.4.04

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PING

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HYBRID

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PC0 192.168.0.1

PC1 192.168.0.2

PC2 192.168.0.3

PC3 192.168.0.4

PC4 192.168.0.5

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PING

RESULT: A LAN was successfully created and configured using Bus, ring, star,
mesh, hybrid topologies.

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 Experiment No.-5
Aim: Configuring IP routing using routing information

Apparatus: Laptop, Cisco Packet Tracer Theory:

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol. Routers running
the distance-vector protocol send all or a portion of their routing tables in routing-update
messages to their neighbors

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count as a
routing metric to find the best path between the source and the destination network. It is a
distance-vector routing protocol that has an AD value of 120 and works on the Network layer
of the OSI model. RIP uses port number 520.

Hop Count

Hop count is the number of routers occurring in between the source and destination network.
The path with the lowest hop count is considered as the best route to reach a network and
therefore placed in the routing table. RIP prevents routing loops by limiting the number of
hops allowed in a path from source and destination. The maximum hop count allowed for
RIP is 15 and a hop count of 16 is considered as network unreachable.

Features of RIP

1. Updates of the network are exchanged periodically.

2. Updates (routing information) are always broadcast.

3. Full routing tables are sent in updates.

4. Routers always trust routing information received from neighbor routers. This is also
known as Routing on rumors.

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Diagram:

Router4 config:
Router>enable
Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#

Router con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

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Router>enable
Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#end
Router#copy running-config startup-config Destination
filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#

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Router5 config:
Router>enable
Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#

Router con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

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Router>enable
Router#
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.0.3 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.10.0.3 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#end
Router#copy running-config startup-config Destination
filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console PING:

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 Experiment 6: Introduction to Packet Tracer CLI commands

Aim: The aim of this lab is to study Packet Tracer CLI commands.

Objective:

● To learn about packet tracer CLI commands.

● To learn the principle work of packet tracer CLI commands.

Materials Required:

● Cisco Packet Tracer Software.

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Procedure:

1) Change the Cisco Router name.

2)Set the IP address to Cisco interface.

Conclusion:

From the lab we learn about CLI commands and working principle and get extra knowledge
about CISCO Packet Tracer

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 EXPERIMENT – 7

AIM - Introduction to RIP(Routing Information Protocol) version-01 on Packet tracer.

Objectives:
• To learn about Cisco Packet Tracer.
• To learn the principles of networking as well as develop Cisco technology
• To implement a simple RIP network using Cisco Packet Tracer.

Procedure:

Conclusion:
From this discussion, we have learned that Packet Tracer is a powerful network
simulator that can be utilized in training experience troubleshooting without having to
buy realCisco routers or switches.

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 Experiment - 8
Aim: Simulation of Address Resolution Protocol and Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

Apparatus: Laptop, Cisco Packet Tracer Theory:

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a procedure for mapping a dynamic IP address to a
permanent physical machine address in a local area network LAN . The physical machine
address is also known as a media access control (MAC) address. The job of ARP is
essentially to translate 32-bit addresses to 48-bit addresses and vice versa. This is necessary
because IP addresses in IP version 4 (IPv4) are 32 bits, but MAC addresses are 48 bits.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is an obsolete computer communication used

by a client computer to request its Internet Protocol (IPv4) address from a computer
network, when all it has available is its link layer or hardware address, such as a MAC
address . The client broadcasts the request and does not need prior knowledge of the
network topology or the identities of servers capable of fulfilling its request.

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Ping to 191.168.11.4

Result: Simulation of Address Resolution Protocol and Reverse Address Resolution

Protocol was done and studio.

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