Toxic Gas FactSheet

What is Toxic Gases?

Toxic gases are gases with hazardous physiological effects when inhaled. The National Fire Protection Association,
classified gases into four classes based on the LC50. The most hazardous highly-toxic gases are rated Class 4,
hazardous toxic gases are rated Class 3 and moderately-toxic gases are rated as Class 2 hazardous gases while in GHS
the escalation is inverted as shown below.

Pure Gas LC50 (ppm) <200 1000 2000 3000 5000

CFC Toxic Gas Classes Highly Toxic Toxic N/A

NFPA Health Hazard Classes 4 3 2

GHS Health Hazard 1 2 3 4

LC50: It is a standard measure of the toxicity of the gas that kills 50% of the animal
test population in a specified period through exposure via inhalation
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
CFC: The California Fire Code
GHS: The Globally harmonized system

What are the sources of Toxic Gases?

TG can be releases as a secondary hazard e.g. as by-products
1 Most common Toxic Gases on campus 2 resulting from other reactions or accidents.
Anhydrous Ammonia Fluorine Nitrous Oxide Any + Any Toxic Product
Boron Trichloride Hydrogen Bromide Nitrogen Dioxide Arsenic
Any reducing agent Arsine
Boron Trifluoride Hydrogen Chloride Phosphine compounds
Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide Silane Azides Acidic compounds Hydrogen azide
Chlorine Methyl Bromide Silicon Tetrafluoride Cyanides Acidic compounds Hydrogen cyanide
Diborane Methyl Mercaptan Sulfur Dioxide Chlorine or Hypochlorous
Hypochlorites Acidic compounds
Dichlorosilane Nitric Oxide Xenon Difluoride acid
Nitrates Sulfuric acid Nitrogen dioxide
Copper, brass, any heavy Nitrogen dioxide (Nitrous
Nitric acid
metal fumes)
Nitrites Acidic compounds Nitrous fumes
Caustic alkalis or reducing
Phosphorus Phosphine
agents
Selenides Reducing agents Hydrogen Selenide
Sulfides Acidic compounds Hydrogen sulfide
Tellurides Reducing agents Hydrogen telluride

How to use a Toxic Gas?

General Requirements
DETERMINE what requirements must be met:
Training

1. Is the material compressed gas?

2. Is the material exempt from TG program
Personal
Protective
requirements based on their toxicity and
Equipment
(PPE)
Documents
volatility?
General 3. Can the material be used in diluted
requirements
concentrations?

Control
Storage
system

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 General Requirements
Administrative Control
Training Documents
- Lab Safety Fundamentals - Standard Operating Procedures Purchasing & Acquisition
- Compressed Gas Training - Safety Data Sheets All toxic and highly toxic gas
- Emergency Response Procedures purchases must be ordered through
the UCI Purchasing Department as
- EH&S Toxic Gas Program
a high value requisition and require
Engineering Controls approval from EH&S.
1 Storage 2 Gas Regulators and Lines Cylinder Disposal
- Indoor storage must be in an exhausted - All regulators, valves and lines must be Disposal of lecture bottles must be
enclosure or cabinet or separated chemically compatible with the gases through EH&S. To request a pick
ventilation room being used up, please visit: ttps://ehs.uci.edu/
- Gas cylinders must be double chained - Pressurized gas regulator and line
Empty gas cylinders must be
- Lecture bottles must be secured upright system must be leak tested before use
to a stable surface - All regulators must be compatible with labeled properly as “Empty”.
- Outdoor storage is allowed temporarily the size and type of gas cylinder Empty cylinders still contain some
in a well ventilated area quantity of toxic gas, and must be
placed in an exhausted enclosure or
3 Reaction Vessel 4 Ventilation Line a fire code compliance gas storage
- Reaction vessel or chamber must be - Purge vents must be connected to an room.
located inside an exhausted enclosure exhaust system that discharges to a safe Depleted gas cylinders must be
like a fume hood location returned to the vendor.
- Depending on the process and gas type, - Significant emissions of toxic gas
additional engineering controls may be needs additional treatment system such
required such as RFOs, gas detection
systems, automatic shut-offs
as scrubber and absorbent
“EH&S”
5 Ventilation Monitoring 6 Fire Detection System The department of Environmental,
- Ventilation monitor is needed for any - Depends on the class of toxic gas, an Health and Safety (EH&S) assist
gas cabinet or fume hood that toxic gas is approved automatic fire detection the research laboratories by
stored inside. system is required to be installed in performing evaluations of toxic gas
- this monitor includes audible and visual rooms or areas. and offers advice on the
alarms, magnehelic gauge or any other requirement of the toxic gas
devices that indicate well ventilation.
program and address California
7 Gas Monitor 8 Alarm Location Fire Code (CFC) requirements.
- Continuous electronic gas monitors or - Gas supply location Contact EH&S at (824-3589) or
portable gas detector can be - Gas operating room email to [email protected]
recommended by EH&S on a case by - Out side the gas use or storage
case basis. room (i.e. hallway corridor).
- More commonly required for
continuous operations and gases with
poor warning properties
- Gas monitor must detect concentrations
at or below the Permissible Exposure
Limit (PEL).
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Always REQUIRED
- Eye protection such as safety glasses
with side shield
- Skin protection such as long pants and
shirts and closed-toe and closed-heel
shoes
Sometimes REQUIRED
- Hand Protection
- Steel-toed shoes
- Respiratory protection

Emergency Reponse Guideline

All laboratories using toxic gases must have an plan addressing accidental release and emergency. In the event of an
accidental toxic gas release, the emergency procedure outlined in the UCI Emergency Action Plan should be
implemented. If the toxic gas release cannot be stopped quickly by safely closing the cylinder valve, then 911 should be
called, with the caller providing the dispatcher with the name of the gas and the release location.

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Office of Environmental Health & Safety ·University of California, Irvine · 4600 Health Science rd. Irvine, CA 92697 · ph: 949-824-3589
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