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Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

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1) The Thermal Decay Time (TDT) tool uses neutron pulses to measure formation properties based on neutron thermalization rates and capture cross-sections. 2) TDT tools use one or more neutron bursts and measure decay rates over time gates to model exponential decay and derive properties like porosity, fluid saturation, and lithology. 3) Factors like borehole size, fluids, cement quality, and lithology can affect TDT tool measurements, so calibration and understanding local conditions is important for analysis.

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Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

Uploaded by

c54yyj2mh2
41 views34 pages
1) The Thermal Decay Time (TDT) tool uses neutron pulses to measure formation properties based on neutron thermalization rates and capture cross-sections. 2) TDT tools use one or more neutron bursts and measure decay rates over time gates to model exponential decay and derive properties like porosity, fluid saturation, and lithology. 3) Factors like borehole size, fluids, cement quality, and lithology can affect TDT tool measurements, so calibration and understanding local conditions is important for analysis.

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TDT

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1) The Thermal Decay Time (TDT) tool uses neutron pulses to measure formation properties based on neutron thermalization rates and capture cross-sections. 2) TDT tools use one or more neutron bursts and measure decay rates over time gates to model exponential decay and derive properties like porosity, fluid saturation, and lithology. 3) Factors like borehole size, fluids, cement quality, and lithology can affect TDT tool measurements, so calibration and understanding local conditions is important for analysis.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
41 views34 pages

Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

Uploaded by

c54yyj2mh2
1) The Thermal Decay Time (TDT) tool uses neutron pulses to measure formation properties based on neutron thermalization rates and capture cross-sections. 2) TDT tools use one or more neutron bursts and measure decay rates over time gates to model exponential decay and derive properties like porosity, fluid saturation, and lithology. 3) Factors like borehole size, fluids, cement quality, and lithology can affect TDT tool measurements, so calibration and understanding local conditions is important for analysis.

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Thermal Decay Time (TDT)

TDT 1
Neutron Energy Levels

TDT 2
Neutron Interactions Important in Logging
INELASTIC SCATTERING THERMALIZATION

Fast Nucleus Fast Nucleus


Neutron Neutron

C, O, Si, Ca, Fe, ... primarily H (mass close to neutron mass)

NEUTRON CAPTURE NEUTRON ACTIVATION

Inelastic or capture reaction that leads to a radioactive element and decay.


Examples :
Slow Excited
Nucleus Nucleus
Neutron O-activation T1/2 = 7.1 s ( n + 8O16 --> 7N16 + ... --> 8O16 + γ +... )
Al-activation T1/2 = 2.3 m ( n + 13Al27 --> 13Al28 --> 14Si28 + γ +... )
Si-activation T1/2 = 2.3 m (n + 14Si28 --> 13Al28 + ... --> 14Si28 + γ +... )

(Na, Cu, Fe..... and many more).

H, Cl, Si, Ca, S, Fe, Gd, ...

TDT 3
Decay for Oil & Water-Bearing Formations

TDT 4
Factors Affecting Cased Hole Monitoring Tools

Production Data?

Lithology?
Cement quality?

Fluids ?

Completion? Hole size

TDT 5
The Dual Water Model for TDT Log Analysis

TDT 6
Components of SigmaLog

Σ log = Σ f φ + (1 − φ )Σ ma
The fluid can be expanded to:

Σ f = Σ w S w + (1 − S w )Σ h

TDT 7
Porosity-Capture Cross Section Crossplot

Σ w

Σ log

Sw = 100% .

Σ ma
Σ H

Sw = 0%

TDT 8 POROSITY
Matrix Capture Cross Sections

Lithology Capture Cross Section


Limestone 7cu
Sandstone 4.2cu
Dolomite 4.7cu
Salt 754cu
Anhydrite 12.5cu
Clay (pure) 14-24cu

TDT 9
Thermal Decay Time Tool Schematic

TDT 10
The TDT-K Tool Method

The TDT-K Tool Derives Sigma using Three Time


Gates to Describe an Exponential Decay

TDT 11
Single-Exponent (TDT-K) Model

TDT 12
Effect of Borehole Salinity on the TDT-K

TDT 13
Apparent Porosity and Water Salinity from
Sigma and Ratio Values

TDT 14
Dual Burst TDT-P Tool Timing

TDT 15
Diffusion (TDT-P) Model

TDT 16
Example of TDT Field Log

TDT 17
Example of Field-Computed Product

TDT 18
Formation Sigma Independent of Borehole

TDT 19
Borehole Sigma Independent of Formation

TDT 20
Improved Neutron Porosity

TDT 21
Porosity-Independent Gas Identification

TDT 22
Borehole Gas Detection

TDT 23
Formation Gas Detection

TDT 24
Monitoring of Water Encroachment

TDT 25
Acid Treatment Evaluation

TDT 26
Example ELAN Output

TDT 27
Change of Hydrocarbon Saturation with Time

TDT 28
Saturation Changes in the Reservoir Layers

WATER AND
SOME OIL OIL

TDT 29
Time Lapse Saturation Maps

TDT 30
Water Flow Log Method

TDT 31
Water Flow Log Examples

TDT 32
Sample WFL Data

45 deg 90 deg 90 deg


Qw=204 bpd Qw=11847 bpd Qw=390 bpd
Far Vw=7.5 fpm Vw=490 fpm Vw=13 fpm
eccentered eccentered centered

Near

GR2

Time Time Time

SCR Flow Loop: 5 inch pipe


November 95

TDT 33
WFL Pulse Timing

WFL PULSE VELOCITY OPTIMIZED


TIMING ON / OFF RANGE DETECTOR
(SEC) (FT/MIN)

Fast 0.07 / 3.5 80 - 500 Far

Medium 0.2 / 10 20 - 100 Far

Slow 1 / 20 6 - 30 Far

GR 3 / 20 > 150 GR2

TDT 34

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