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HNGU MBBS STUDENT
UNION
Insta : @hngu_mbbs_students GMERS PATAN
Contact no. : 9106899731 GMERS HIMMATNAGAR
Govern by : 4g GAURAV PATEL GMERS VADNAGAR
KRUNAL PATEL. BANAS MEDICAL COLLEGE PALANPUR
2nd year pathology

• From last 8 years papers of HNGU
• Updated till march 2023
• Based on 8th edition of harsh
mohan
TYPING & TECHNICAL SUPPORT BY KASHYAP MEHTA
• Made by JAGAT
PATEL & DHARMESH
J PUROHIT
• From GMERS patan
• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# cellular adaptation & cell injury #
Sr Imp questions marks frequency Page
no. no.
1 Cellular adaptation 10/6 ***** 34
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
2 Metaplasia Vs 6 *** 39
dysplasia
3 Reversible Vs 2/6 *** 43
irreversible injury
4 Necrosis 6 ***** 49
- types
5 Gangrene 6 **** 52
6 Dry Vs wet 2 **** 54
gangrene
7 Calcification 2 **** 54
- Dystrophic &
metastatic
8 Dystrophic Vs 2 **** 56
metastatic
9 Apoptosis 6/10 ***** 57
- Definition
- Mechanism
- Types
- Pathology
- Morphology
10 Necrosis vs 6 **** 59
apoptosis
11 Intracellular 6 *** 62
accumulation
- Fatty changes
12 cell injury 6 ***** 33
- Cause
- morphology
- pathology
# inflammation & repair #

no. no.

13 Sign of 2 **** 70
inflammation
14 Acute 6/10 ***** 71
inflammation
- Morphology &
cellular event
- Vascular event
15 Phagocytosis 6 **** 75
16 Chemical mediator 6/10 ***** 77
of acute
inflammation
17 Giant cells & types 6 **** 86
18 Chronic 6 **** 90
inflammation
19 Acute vs chronic 2/6 *** 91
20 Define granuloma 6 **** 91
21 Caseating & non 2 **
caseating
granuloma
22 Epitheloid cell 2 *** 92
23 Ghon’s complex 2 **** 98

24 Factor affecting 6 **** 115
tissue Repair &
wound healing
25 Mechanism of 6 * 116
wound healing
26 Diagram of 2 ***** 92&
granuloma 97
27 Complication of 6 **** 117
wound healing
# immunopathology including
amyloidosis #
no. no.
28 MHC complex 6 *** 127
29 AIDS 6/10 **** 132
- Route Case
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical
manifestations
- Opportunistic
infection
30 Hypersensitivity 6/10 ***** 140
reaction ,
Type -1 & 143
type – 4
31 Autoimmunity type 6 *** 145
& define
32 Systemic lupus 6 *** 147
erythematosus
33 Amyloidosis 6/10 ***** 152
- Morphology
- Histochemical
stain
- Classification
- Pathogenesis
34 Amyloidosis of 6 *** 159
spleen
35 Sago spleen 2 ***** 159
36 Lardeceus spleen 2 *** 159
# hemodynamics & hemostasis

Sr Imp questions Marks frequency Page
no. no.
37 Oedema 6/10 *** 165
- Pathogenesis
- Types
38 Pulmonary odema 6 **** 169
39 Shock 6 ***** 128
- More septic case
shock
40 Thrombosis 6/10 **** 183
- Definition
- Pathology
- Types
41 Arterial Vs venous 6 *** 182
thrombosis
42 Fate of thrombosis 6 *** 182
43 Embolism 6 **** 188
- Pulmonary
- Fat
- Gas
44 Infarction 6 ** 195
- types

# neoplasia #

no. no.
45 Benign Vs 6 **** 201
malignant
neoplasia
46 Anaplasia 6 ***** 203
47 Spread of tumors 6 ***** 206
- Metastasis &
invasion
48 Molecular hallmark 6 ***** 215
of cancer
49 Chemical 6/10 ***** 227
carcinogenesis
50 Physical 6 **** 230
carcinogenesis
51 Viral oncogenesis 6/10 ***** 232
- EBV
52 Paraneoplastic 6 **** 239
syndrome

53 Pathologic 6 **** 242
diagnosis of tumors
54 FNAC 6 *** 243
55 Tumor markers/ 6 ***** 217
lab-d of cancer
# infection #
no. no.
56 Viral haemorrhagic 6 *** 258
fever
# environment & nutritional

diseases #
no. no.
57 Obesity 6 *** 274
58 Rickets 6 ** 279
# genetic pediatric diseases #

no. no.
59 Down syndrome 6 ***** 289
60 Klinefelter 6 *** 289
syndrome
61 X linked genetic 2/6 ***** 292
diseases example
# introduction to hematopoietic
system & disorder of erythroid
series #
no. no.
62 Bone marrow 2 *** 300
examination
63 Classification of 6/10 ***** 309
anemia
64 Different types 2 ** 308
of abnormal red
cells

65 Iron deficiency 6/10 ***** 309
anemia case
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical
features
- Lab. diagnosis
66 Iron therapy 6 **** 310
67 Megaloblastic 6/10 ***** 317
anemia case
68 Pernicious 6 **** 323
anemia
69 Classify 6 *** 325
hemolytic
anemia
70 Hemolytic 6 *** 329
anemia due to
intracellular
defects
71 G6PD deficiency 6 **** 331
72 Sickle cell 6 ***** 332
anemia case
73 Thalassemia 6 ***** 335
- types case

74 Coombs test / 6 ***** See in
antiglobulin test ramdas
75 Extravascular Vs 6 **** 326
intravascular
hemolysis
76 HbA1c 2/6 **** 869
77 Factor affecting 2 *** See in
ESR ramdas
# hemostatic system #
no. no.
78 Prothrombin time 2 *** 346
79 Thrombocytopenia 2/6 **** 348
- causes
80 Immune 6 **** 349
thrombocytopenia
purpura
81 Hemophilia A 6 **** 351
Case
82 Hemophilia B 6 ***** 352
case
83 Von Willebrand 6 *** 352
diseases
84 Disseminated 6 ** 353
intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
85 Rhesus blood group 2 **** 355
86 Bombay blood 2 ***** 355
group
87 Cross matching 2 ***** 355
88 Enlist blood 2/6 **** 356
components
89 Blood transfusion 6 ***** 357
reaction
90 Hemolytic diseases 6 *** 358
of new born
91 Criteria for healthy 2 *** Ate-
blood donor com
92 Fresh frozen 2 **** See
plasma in
ram
das
93 Cryoprecipitate 2 **** Ram
das

# white blood cells #
no. no.
94 Leukemoid 6 ***** 367
reaction
95 Leukemoid 6 ***** 368
reaction Vs
leukemia
96 CML 6/10 ***** 371
97 Polycythemia vera 2/6 *** 373
98 Essential 2/6 **** 374
thrombocythemia
as thrombocytosis
99 AML 6 **** 375
100 FAB classification 6 **** 376
101 AML Vs CML 6 ***** Ram
Das
102 Draw eosinophil & 2/6 **** 364
enlist cause of
eosinophilia

103 Morphology of 2 *** Ram
different WBC das
104 Basophilia 2 *** 364
# diagnosis of lymphoid cells #

no. no.
105 Splenomegaly 2 **** 385
- causes
106 ALL 6 *** 392
107 Hodgkin’s 6 ***** 399
lymphoma
- types
- reedsternberg
cell
- morphology
# blood vessels & lymphatics #
no. no.
108 Atherosclerosis 6/10 ***** 414
- Definition

- Risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- Morphological
features
109 Aneurysms 6 *** 427
- Definition
- Classification
- Pathogenesis
110 Haemangioma 2/6 *** 432
- types
# heart #
no. no.
111 Heart failure 6 *** 440
112 Congenital heart 6 **** 445
diseases
113 Tetralogy of fallot 6 ***** 447
114 Angina pectoris 6 *** 451
115 Myocardial 6/10 ***** 451
infarction case
- definition
- risk factors
- pathogenesis
- types
- sequential
pathological
changes
- lab diagnosis
(enzyme
marker)
116 Rheumatic heart 6 **** 460
diseases case
117 Aschoff bodies 2/6 **** 461
118 Cardiomyopathy 6 **** 476
- Dilated &
classification
119 Vegetation of 2/6 *** 468
heart
# respiratory #
no. no.
120 Pneumonias 6/10 ***** 491,492
- Lobar case
pneumonia
121 COPD 6 **** 501
122 Emphysema 6/10 ***** 502
123 Occupational 6 ***** 510-
lung diseases 514
- Coal worker
- Silicosis
- Asbestosis
124 Malignant 6 **** 520
tumors of lung
125 Plural effusion 2 *** 528
cause
126 bronchiotecsis 2/6 *** 507
127 Chronic 6 *** 501
bronchitis
# Eye , ENT & neck #

no. no.
128 Dermoid cyst 2 *** 545
129 Retinoblastoma 2 ** 537
# oral cavity & salivary glands #
no. no.
130 Classify salivary 6 *** 559
gland tumors
131 Describe 2/6 ** 560
pleomorphic
adenoma of
salivary gland
# GIT #
no. no.
132 Barret esophagus 2 ***** 566
133 Peptic ulcer 6/10 ***** 574
case
134 Duodenal Vs 6 **** 575
gastric
135 GIST 2/6 **** 579
136 Gastric carcinoma 6 *** 580
137 Linitis plastica 2 **** 581
138 Inflammatory bowl 6/10 ***** 590
diseases
139 Crohn disease Vs 6/10 ***** 594
ulcerative colitis
140 Intestinal 6 **** 594
tuberculosis
141 Amoebic dysentery 6 **** 597
Or
Amoebic ulcer
intestine
# liver #
no. no.
142 Liver function test 6 **** 621
143 Jaundice 6 *** 624
- lab diagnosis
- obstructive
- neonatal
144 Hepatis B 6/10 ***** 633
case
145 Acute & chronic 6 *** 636
hepatitis
clinicopathology
146 Cirrhosis 6/10 ***** 645
- classification
- alcoholic liver
diseases
- risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- Lab diagnosis
147 Types of gall 2/6 **** 665
stones
148 Hepatic tumors 2/6 *** 658
- Classification
- Malignant
tumors
# renal #
no. no.
149 Renal function test 6 **** 680

150 Urinary cast & 2/6 **** 681
urinary crystal
151 Glomerular 6/10 **** 688
diseases
- Classification
152 Nephritic 6 *** 689
syndrome
153 Nephrotic 6 **** 689
syndrome
154 Nephrotic Vs 6 ***** 690
nephritic
155 Acute post 6 *** 694
streptococcal
glomerular
nephritis
156 Rapid progressive 6 ***** 694
glomerulonephritis
(RPGN)
157 Chronic 6 *** 703
glomerulonephritis
158 Diabetic 6 *** 706
glomerulonephritis

159 Chronic 6 **** 712
pyelonephritis
160 Classification of 2/6 *** 724
tumor & malignant
tumors of kidney
161 Wilms tumor 2/6 **** 727
162 Urothelial tumor 2 ** 730
163 Microalbuminuria 2 *** -
164 Proteinuria 2 *** -
165 β HCG in urine 2 **** -
166 Test for reducing 2 *** -
substance in urine
167 Urobilinogen in 2 *** -
urine
168 Renal failure 2/6 ** 682
# male reproductive #
no. no.
169 Testicular tumor 2/6 *** 739
classification
170 Seminoma 6 ***** 742
171 Nodulus 6 ***** 750
hyperplasia
or
BPH
# female reproductive #
no. no.
172 Leiomyoma 6 **** 772
173 Leiomyosarcoma 6 *** 773
174 Ovarian tumor 6 ***** 777
classification
175 Teratomas 2/6 **** 782
176 Germ cell 2/6 *** 782
tumors
177 Krukenberg 2/6 ***** 786
tumors
178 Pap smear 6 ***** 956,958
examination
# breast #
no. no.
179 Fibrocystic lesions 6 *** 794
180 Fibroadenoma 6 **** 797
181 Risk factor of 6 *** 799
breast carcinoma
182 Etiology & 6 **** 799
pathogenesis of
breast carcinoma
183 Classification of 6 **** 800
breast carcinoma
184 Invasive breast 6 **** 802
carcinoma
# skin #
Sr Imp questions marks Frequency Page
no. no.
185 Squamous cell 2/6 **** 822
carcinoma
186 Basal cell 2/6 **** 824
carcinoma
Or
Rodent ulcer
# endocrine #
no. no.
187 Thyroid cancer 2/6 **** 852
188 Diabetes mellitus 6/10 ***** 860
(DM) case
- Pathogenesis
- Lab diagnosis
- Morphology
- Complication
189 Type 1 Vs type 2 6 *** 864
DM
190 HBA1C 2/6 **** 869
191 Thyroid function 6 *** 846
test
192 Grave’s diseases 2/6 **** 842
193 Colloid goiter 2 *** -
194 Hasimoto 2/6 *** 845
thyroiditis

# musculoskeletal #
no. no.
195 Ewing sarcoma 2/6 **** 891
196 Osteochondromas 2 *** 886
197 Gout 2/6 **** 897
198 Rheumatoid 2/6 **** 894
arthritis
# CNS #
Sr Imp questions marks Frequency Page
no. no.
199 CSF finding in 2/6 **** 923
tuberculous
200 CSF finding in 2/6 **** 923
bacterial
meningitis
201 CSF finding in viral 2/6 *** 923
meningitis
202 Pyogenic Vs 2 *** 923
tuberculous

203 Meningioma 2 *** 938
# SHORT QUESTIONS #
Each of 2 marks
SR IMP QUESTIONS
NO.
1. Investigation in blood transfusion reaction
2. Fresh frozen plasma
3. Hemophilia A
4. Bone marrow biopsy
5. Morphological classification of anemia
6. Metastatic calcification / dystrophic
calcification/pathologic
7. Draw – tuberculous granuloma
8. Difference : dry & wet gangrene
9. Leukemoid reaction
10. HbA1C
11. Blood component in blood bank & it’s use
12. Thrombocytopenia
13. Immunologic transfusion reaction
14. Polycythemia vera

15. Hypersplenism
16. Antiglobulin test
17. G-6-PD deficiency
18. Rh hemolytic disease of newborn
19. Lab D of ALL
20. Cryoprecipitate ( in transfusion medicine )
21. Morphology of lymphoblast
22. Basophilia
23. FAB classification of acute leukemia/ AML
24. Bombay blood grouping
25. Lab-D megaloblastic anemia
26. Difference leukemoid reaction & leukemia
27. Blood donor selection criteria
28. Giant cell & it’s type
29. Eosinophil in health & diseases
30. Factors affecting ESR
31. Lab-D : sickle cell anemia
32. Difference between FNAC & surgical biopsy
33. Down syndrome
34. Difference between transudate & exudate
35. Lab-D CML
36. Hemolytic anemia due to intracellular
etiology
37. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
38. Rh blood group system
39. Principle & indication of direct coomb’s test
40. Difference : intra & extravascular hemolysis
41. Morphological changes in WBC series on ps
42. Microcytic hypochromic anemia –
difference diagnosis
43. Air embolism
44. AML Vs CML
45. Blood grouping & cross matching
46. Factors affecting wound healing
47. AML
48. Classification – hemolytic anemia
49. p.s. – megaloblastic anemia
50. Viral hemorrhagic fever
51. Endogenous pigment
52. ITP
53. Rickets
54. Tumor markers
55. Prothrombin time
56. Draw & enlist cause of eosinophilia
57. Caseous necrosis
58. X-linked genetic disorder
59. Histological stain for amyloid
60. Adverse blood reaction
61. Mention – oncogenic virus & bacteria
62. Reticulocyte
63. Microscopic examination of urine

HNGU MBBS STUDENT
UNION
KRUNAL PATEL BANAS MEDICAL COLLEGE PALANPUR
2nd year pharmacology

• Based on 8th addition of essentials
of medical pharmacology by KD
tripathi
• Made by DHARMESH J
PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL
Paper 1
Section 1 : GENERAL PHARMAC
Chapter 1
Sr Imp questions frequency marks Page
no. no.
1 Pharmacokinetics & **** 2 1
pharmacodynamics
2 Essential medicines *** 2/6 6
3 Route of drug administration oral ***** 10 10
& systemic
Chapter 2
no. no.
4 Bioavailability **** 6 22
5 Drug distribution *** 2/6 23
Chapter 3

no. no.
6 Enzyme induction **** 6 33
7 First-pass metabolism ***** 6 34
8 Clearance *** 2 38
9 Zero & first order kinetic **** 6 38
elimination
10 Plasma T-half/ Half life **** 2/6 39
Chapter 4
no. no.
11 Enzyme inhibition *** 6 47
12 GPCR **** 6 54
13 Drug antagonism **** 6 67
Chapter 5
no. no.
14 Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) *** 2/6 72
15 Factors modifying drug action *** 6 73
16 Drug tolerance *** 6 80
17 Rational use of medicine ** 2/6 81
18 Clinical trial **** 2/6 84
-Phases
Chapter 6

no. no.
19 Adverse drug reaction ***** 2/6 92
20 Pharmacovigilance *** 2 93
21 Teratogenicity **** 2 99
Section 2 drugs acting on autonomic

system
Chapter 7
Sr Imp questions Frequency marks Page
no. no.
22 Rx of myasthenia gravis ***** 6 120
23 Case : carbamate poisoning **** 6 123
24 Case : organophosphate ***** 6 123
poisoning
Chapter 8
no. no.
25 Atropine **** 6 125
-Uses
-Adverse effect
26 Dicyclomine *** 2 129
27 Mydriatics **** 6 130
Chapter 9

no. no.
28 Adrenaline ***** 6 146
- Uses
- Adverse effect
29 Dopamine effect (shock) **** 6 146
30 Nasal decongestants *** 2 149
Chapter 10
no. no.
31 α- blockers *** 6 153
32 Pheochromocytoma ** 6 156
33 β blocker ***** 10/6 157
- Class
- Effect
- Adverse effect
34 Case : Rx glaucoma **** 6 165
- Open
- Close
( prostaglandin in glaucoma)
Other
no. no.
35 Central sympatholytic *** 2/6 611
36 Dales reversal phenomenon ** 2 -
37 Clonidine **** 2 611
38 Phentolamine **** 2/6 155
39 Chesse reaction ***** 2 482

Section : 3 autacoids and related drugs
Chapter 11
no. no.
40 Antihistamine **** 6 178
( 1st & 2nd generation difference )
41 Cetirizine **** 2 182
Chapter 12
no. no.
42 Case : Drug therapy of migraine ***** 6 192
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
43 Prophylaxis of migraine *** 2/6 195
Chapter 13
no. no.
44 Prostaglandin ***** 6 198
- Synthesis
- Effect
- Adverse effect
45 Leukotriene antagonist **** 6 203

Chapter 14
no. no.
46 NSAIDs ***** 6 209
- Class
- Mechanism
- Effect
- Side effect
47 Aspirin **** 6 212
- Effect
- Side effect
48 COX-2 inhibitor *** 6 221
49 Case : Paracetamol poisoning **** 6 223
- Rx
- effect
50 Topical NSAID *** 2 224
Chapter 15
no. no.
51 Drugs Rx rheumatoid arthritis *** 6 227
- classification
- TNFα (methotrexate)
- Biological agent
52 Case : Rx GOUT ***** 6 231
- Acute & chronic
- Colchicine
53 Allopurinol **** 2/6 233
- uses
- side effect

Section 6 drugs acting on peripheral
nervous system
Chapter 25
no. no.
54 Difference between competitive ***** 6 376
& non competitive
Neuromuscular blocker
( d -TC & SCh )
55 Central muscle relaxant *** 2 383
56 Local anesthesia **** 6 394
( lidocaine )
- uses
- technique
Section 7 : drugs acting on central

nervous system
Chapter 27
no. no.
57 Minimal alveolar concentration & *** 6 399
Potency of inhaled anesthetic
58 Stages of anesthesia **** 2 400
59 Second gas effect **** 2 403
60 Property of ideal anesthetic *** 2 404
61 IV general anesthetic *** 6 408

Chapter 28
no. no.
62 Rx of methanol poisoning **** 2/6 422
Chapter 29
no. no.
63 Sedative-hypnotic **** 6 425
(Benzodiazipam , barbiturates )
- uses
- side effect
64 Zolpidem *** 2/6 433
( short term sedative hypnotic )
Chapter 30
no. no.
65 Antiepileptic drugs classification **** 6/10 439
66 Phenytoin ***** 6 439
- effect
- -mode of action
- side effect
67 Ethosuximide *** 6 442
68 Diazepam **** 6 445
- effect
- uses
- side effect
Case : Rx of generalize tonic clonic *** 6 449
seizure
69 Case : Rx of absence seizure *** 6 449
70 Rx of status epilepticus ***** 6 450
Chapter 31
no. no.
71 Antiparkinsonian drugs ***** 6/10 453
classification
72 Levodopa **** 6 453
- effect
- adverse effect
73 Selegiline MAO-B *** 6 458
74 COMT inhibitor **** 6 459
Chapter 32
no. no.
75 Antipsychotics drug (atypical) ***** 6 468
- effect
- side effect
- classification
76 Case : Rx of schizophrenia **** 6 472
77 Rx of mania , bipolar disorder *** 6 474
78 Lithium carbonate **** 6 474
- effect
- uses
- side effect

Chapter 33
no. no.
79 Antidepressants classification *** 6/10 481
80 Tricyclic antidepressant *** 6/10 482
- effect
- side effect
- uses
81 Names of SSRI & SNRI ***** 2 481
82 Benzodiazepines (BZD) *** 6 493
classification
83 Case : Rx of anxiety *** 6 495
Chapter 34
no. no.
84 Pure opioid antagonist **** 6 511
85 Case : Alzheimer diseases Rx *** 6 517
86 Morphine c/I in heal injury **** 2 498
Section 8 : CVS
Chapter 36
no. no.
87 ACE inhibitor **** 6 530
- classification
- uses
- side effect

Chapter 37
no. no.
88 Nitric oxide ***** 6 541
- effect
- side effect
Chapter 38
no. no.
89 Digoxin **** 6/10 558
- MOA
- Uses
- Side effect
90 Drugs of heart failure *** 6 561
Chapter 39
no. no.
91 Verapamil *** 6 579
Ca+2 channel
- Classification
- Uses
- Side effect
Chapter 40

no. no.
92 Case : Antianginal drugs **** 6 585
classification & Rx
93 Organic nitrates ***** 6 586
94 K+ channel opener ***** 6 598
95 Case :Treatment of MI **** 6 602
Chapter 41
no. no.
96 Antihypertensive drug **** 6/10 605
classification
97 Central sympatholytics **** 6 611

98 Treatment of hypertension in **** 2/6 614
pregnancy
99 Hypertensive emergencies and *** 2 618
urgencies
100 Labetalol & Atenolol *** 6 619
Section 9 : drugs acting on kidney

Chapter 42
no. no.
101 Classify diuretics ***** 10 625
- Uses
- Side effect of high ceiling
diuretic
- Thiazide
102 High ceiling diuretics ***** 626
103 Thiazide **** 628
- MOA
- Side effect
- Indication
104 K+ sparing diuretic ***** 6 634
105 Osmotic diuretic **** 2 637
- Uses of mannitol in congestive
cardiac failure
Section 10 : drugs affecting blood and

blood formation
Chapter 44
no. no.
106 Case : oral iron preparation **** 6 648
-Iron Therapy
- Side effect
107 Parenteral iron preparation *** 6 649
- Uses
- Indication
- Side effect
108 Vitamin B12 *** 6 652
- Uses
- Indication
- Side effect
109 Rx of megaloblastic anemia ***** 656
110 Folic acid *** 6 655

- Uses
- Side effect
Chapter 45
no. no.
111 Anticoagulant classification *** 6 663
- Oral
- Parenteral
112 Heparin ***** 2/6 663
- Action
- Uses
- Side effect
113 Low molecular weight heparin ***** 6 665
114 Heparin vs Warferin **** 6
115 Oral anticoagulant *** 6 667
-Warferin
116 Fibrinolytic drug **** 6 673
117 Antiplatelet drug classification *** 6 677
118 Hypolipidaemic drug ***** 6/10 683
- Classification
1.Statin(HMG coA reductase)
- Uses
- Action
- Side effect

Paper 2
Section 4 : respiratory systems drugs
Chapter 16
no. no.
119 Case :Rx of drugs for cough **** 6 237
classification
120 Mucolytics **** 6 238
- MOA of omalizumab
121 Case :Rx of bronchial asthma ***** 10 241
classification
122 Theophylline *** 10 246
- Uses
- Effect
- Side effect
- MOA
123 Ipratropium bromide in COPD *** 2 247
124 Leukotriene antagonist **** 2/6 248
125 Case :Rx of status asthmaticus ***** 6 253
Section 5 : hormones and related drugs

Chapter 18
no. no.
126 Antithyroid drugs ***** 6 275
-classification
- Difference between
propylthiouracil and
carbimazole
127 Radioactive iodine **** 6 277
Chapter 19
no. no.
128 Insulin classification ***** 6/10 283
- Uses
- Action
- MOA
- Preparation
- Adverse effect
129 Case :Rx of diabetes ketoacidosis **** 6 291
130 Oral antidiabetic drugs **** 6 294
classification(hypoglycemic drugs)
131 Case :Rx of DM type 1 *** 6 304
Case :Rx of DM type 2
Chapter 20
no. no.
132 Glucocorticoid ***** 6 308
- Action
- Side effect

133 Corticosteroids **** 6 312
- Classification
- Uses
- Effect
- Side effect
134 Thyroid storm **** 6 317
Chapter 21
no. no.
135 Anabolic steroids *** 6 325
Chapter 22
no. no.
136 Female sex hormone estrogen ***** 6 331
- MOA
- Effect
- Side effect
137 SERM *** 6 337
138 Oral contraceptive pill **** 6 346
139 Emergency pill **** 6 348
Chapter 23
no. no.
140 Tocolytics ***** 2/6 358

Chapter 24
no. no.
141 Calcium metabolism *** 6 361
- Vit D
142 Bisphosphonates **** 6 369
- Rx of osteoporosis
Section 11 : GIT drugs

Chapter 47
no. no.
143 Drugs for peptic ulcer ***** 6/10 697
classification
144 Famotidine H2 blocker *** 6 698
145 Proton pump inhibition ***** 6 699
146 Non systemic antacid *** 6 703
147 Sucralfate **** 6 704
148 Case:Anti-helicobacter pylori ***** 6 705
drugs
149 Rx GERD **** 6 707
150 Antiemetic drug ***** 6 710
-Classification
-Metoclopramide
151 Prokinetic drugs *** 6 713
Chapter 49

no. no.
152 Stool softener ** 2 723
153 Stimulant purgatives *** 2 723
154 Rx diarrhea ***** 6 727
- ORS
Section 12 : antimicrobial drugs

Chapter 50
no. no.
155 Antibiotic Resistance **** 2/6 742
156 Minimum inhibitory *** 2
concentration
157 Superinfection *** 2/6 744
Chapter 51
no. no.
158 Cotrimoxazole **** 6 757
159 Ciprofloxacin *** 6 760
- Effect
- Side effect
- MOA
Chapter 52

no. no.
160 Penicillin ***** 6 768
- Classification
- MOA
161 3rd generation cephalosporins **** 6 777
162 Combination of imipenem & *** 2 782
cilastatin
163 Case : typhoid fever **** 6 783
Chapter 54
no. no.
164 Aminoglycoside ***** 6 792
- MOA
- ADR
Chapter 55
no. no.
165 Rx of urinary tract infection *** 6 810
Chapter 56
no. no.
166 Anti tubercular drugs ***** 10 816
- Classification
- MOA
- ADR
- 1st line drug
167 Rifampicin ***** 6 818
- MOA
- Effects
- Side effect
168 Ethambutol in children **** 2 819
Chapter 57
no. no.
169 Paucibacillary leprosy *** 6 835
- Regimen
- Drug classification
170 Lepra reaction *** 2 837
Chapter 58
no. no.
171 Antifungal drugs classification **** 6 839
- Amphotericin B
(MOA,effect,adverse effect)
Chapter 60
no. no.
172 Anti retroviral drugs ***** 6/10 861
-classification
173 ART regimens ***** 6 869
174 Prophylaxis of HIV ***** 6 871
175 Case : Post exposure HIV *** 6 872
prophylaxis
Chapter 61
no. no.
176 Antimalarial drugs classification ***** 6/10 875
177 Rx of falciparum (complicated) **** 6 877
malaria
178 Case : Rx of vivax malaria *** 6 877
179 Chloroquine resistance ***** 6 879
180 Cinchonism *** 2 882
181 Artemisinin based combination **** 6 889
therapy (ACT)
Chapter 62
no. no.
182 Antiamoebic drugs classification **** 6 894
1.Metronidazole
- MOA
- Effect
- Side effect
183 Rx of acute amoebic dysentery ***** 6 899
184 Regimen of Amobiasis **** 6 900
185 Amphotericin B *** 6 902
- MOA
- Effect
- Side effect

Chapter 63
no. no.
186 Anthelmintic drugs classification **** 6 906
187 Albendazole ***** 6 908
- MOA
- Effect
- ADR
Section 13: chemotherapy of neoplastic

diseases
Chapter 64
no. no.
188 Principles of cancer *** 6 933
chemotherapy
189 Classification of anticancer drugs *** 6 917
& adverse effect
190 Methotrexate ***** 6 921
191 Mercaptopurine *** 6 922
192 5-fluorouracil *** 6 923
193 Vinca alkaloids ** 6 924
Section 14 : miscellaneous drugs

Chapter 66
no. no.
194 Acne vulgaris ***** 6 953
Chapter 67
no.
195 Scabies *** 2/6 961
Chapter 68
Sr Imp questions frequency Marks Page
no. no.
196 Chelating agent & uses *** 2 964
197 Dimercaprol ** 2 964
Additional topics
no. no.
198 Plasma expanders **** 6 1046
199 Antibiotic stewardship program ** 6 1049
200 pharmacoeconomics ** 2 1085

HNGU MBBS STUDENT
UNION

KRUNAL PATEL BANAS MEDICAL COLLEGE PALANPUR
2nd year microbiology

• Based on 3rd addition of apurba s. sastry
• Made by GAURAV PATEL

Made by 4g GAURAV PATEL & KRUNAL PATEL

• From GMERS PATAN
• Made by 4g GAURAV PATEL &5KRUNAL PATEL
Paper 1 SYLLABUS
# GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY #
Sr Imp Questions Marks Type of Page
No question no
1 Eukaryote vs Prokaryote 2 * 3
Mention two contributions 2 * 4
2
of Louis Pasteur
Koch’s 2 * 4
3
Postulates/Phenomenon
Dark Ground/Field 6 ** 8
4
Microscope
5 Phase Contrast Microscope 6 ** 8
6 Fluorescence Microscope 6 **** 9
7 Bacterial Cell Wall 6 ***** 16
Draw and label Gram +ve 2 ** 16,17
8
and -ve bacterial cell wall
9 Bacterial Capsule 2 * 19
10 Bacterial Flagella 6 *** 19
11 Bacterial Spores 6 ** 21
12 Bacterial Growth Curve 6 **** 22
13 Simple Media 2 * 30
Enriched Media and 2/6 ***** 31
14
Enrichment Both
Name two transport media
15 2 ** 31
and it’s uses
• Made by 4g GAURAV PATEL & KRUNAL PATEL

16 Selective Media 6 * 31
Name four Culture Methods
17 6 *** 33
and use in laboratory
18 Method of Anaerobiosis 6 ***** 36
Anti-Microbial Sensitivity
19 6 *** 41
Test
20 Bacterial Plasmids 6 *** 52
Methods of Transmission of
21 6 * 54
Genetic Material
22 Various types of Mutants 6 ** 54
23 Conjugation 6 ***** 57
Recombinant DNA
24 6 * 59
Technology
Bacteria producing Exotoxins
25 6 ** 69
and Endotoxins
26 Viral Inclusion Bodies 6 ** 89
Methods of detecting Viral
27 Growth in cell culture/Tissue 6 *** 91
Culture
28 Interferon 6 ** 93
Bacteriophage: Diagram and
29 6 ** 97
Lifecycle
Define Host-Parasite
30 2 ** 102
relationship
31 Protozoan infections 2 * 108
Morphological classification
32 6 ****** 115
of fungus

Lab diagnosis of Fungal
33 6 *** 116
Infection
Opportunistic Fungal
34 2 * 120
Infection – Enumerate Fungi
Define Probiotics. Give one
35 2 * 124
example
36 Anti-Microbial Resistance 2 * 271
37 Enumerate four DNA viruses 2 ** 800
# IMMUNOLOGY #
Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Define immunity. Classify
types of it and describe
1 10 ***** 133
mechanism of innate
immunity
Define immunity. Classify
types of it and describe
2 6 *** 136
mechanism of acquired
immunity
Difference b/w primary and
3 2 *** 138
secondary response
Difference b/w Active
4 immunity and Passive 2 ** 138
immunity
5 Herd Immunity 2/6 **** 139
6 Epitope 2 * 140
Enumerate determinants of
antigenicity
7 OR 6/10 *** 141
Factor influencing
immunogenicity
8 Super antigen 6 ***** 142
9 Paratope 2 * 145
10 IgM 6 *** 147
11 IgA 6 ** 147
12 Difference b/w IgM and IgA 2 ** -
13 Monoclonal Antibody 6 ***** 149
General properties of Antigen
14 6 ***** 152
Antibody Reaction
Mechanism and application of
15 10 ***** 153
precipitation reaction
16 Define prozone phenomenon 2 * 153
17 Agglutination Reaction 10 ** 154
Difference b/w agglutination
18 2 * -
and precipitation
19 ELISA 10 ******** 156
Draw and label classical
20 6 **** 163
complement pathway
Complement deficiency
21 2 ** 168
disease
Difference b/w T and B
22 2 ** 176
Lymphocytes
Major Histocompatibility
23 10 * 178
Complex(MHC)

Define Cytokines and details
24 6 *** 180
of Interleukins
CASE - Define
Hypersensitivity. Classify it.
25 10 *** 193
Write details about type 1 and
type 4 hypersensitivity
Primary and secondary
26 6 ** 195
mediators anaphylaxis
27 Auto Immune Disease 6 * 205
28 Types of Graft Rejections 6 *** 214
Factors influencing Allograft
29 6 ** 215
Rejection
30 HLA Typing 2 ***** 217
31 Graft vs Host Reaction 6 ***** 217
32 Cancer Immunology 6 * 218
Immunoprophylaxis of viral
disease
33 OR 2/6 ** 222
Example of commonly used
vaccines
# HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Personal Protective
1 2 *** 231
Equipment

Describe ten steps of hand
2 2 ** 232
washing
Five movement of hand
3 2 ** 231
hygiene
Hospital Acquired Infection:
• Prevention and control of
1) CAUTI
4 10 ***** 241
2) CLBSI
3) VAP
4) SSI
Describe sterilization and
disinfectant. Describe various
5 10 ***** 251
disinfectant used in laboratory
set up
Physical and Chemical
6 2 ** 252
methods of sterilization
Spaulding Classification of
7 2 * 253
Medical Devices
Sterilization by Moist Heat:
1) Below 100° C Moist Heat
(Fractional sterilization)
8 10 **** 253
2) At 100° C Moist Heat
3) Above 100° C Moist Heat
(Autoclave)
Dry Heat Sterilization (Hot Air
9 6 *** 256
Oven)
Sterilization by radiation:
10 1) Ionizing method (Cold 6 ** 257
sterilization)
2) Non ionizing method
Chemical method of
sterilization:
11 1) Gas sterilization 6 * 255
A} ETO sterilizer
B} Plasma sterilizer
12 Biomedical Waste Disposal 10 ***** 262
13 Define Antibiotic Stewardship 2 * 272
# ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS #
Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Enumerate various
1 2 ** 807
zoonotic disease
2 Plague (CASE) 10 ***** 807
# COVID-19 # 6 marks. Page no- 662
# AETCOM # 6 marks

Paper 2 SYLLABUS
# CVS INFECTIONS #
Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
1 Fever of unknown origin 6 * 299
Typhoid Fever (Enteric fever):
2 6 **** 303
• Lab diagnosis and Widal test
Lab diagnosis of rickettsial
3 6 ** 310
infection
4 Undulant fever (Brucellosis) 6 * 316
HIV: (CASE)
• Structure
• HIV Gene
5 • Pathogenesis 6/10 ****** 325
• Opportunistic infection in
AIDS patient
• Lab diagnosis
Enumerate arbo virus causing
6 2 * 337
hemorrhagic fever
Dengue:
• Vector
7 • Clinical complications 6 *** 338
• WHO Classification
• Lab diagnosis
Malaria: (CASE)
8 6/10 ****** 347
• Agents
• Life cycle
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical complications
• Lab diagnosis
Visceral Leishmaniasis:
• Agents
• Life cycle
9 6 * 360
• Clinical complications – Kala
Azar and Pentad fever
• Lab diagnosis
10 African sleeping sickness 6 * 368
Bancroftian Filariasis:
• Life cycle
11 6 * 371
• Lab diagnosis
12 Draw and label microfilaria 2 * 374
13 Candidiasis 6 **** 377
14 Germ tube test 2 *** 378
Histoplasmosis/Darling’s
15 6 * 379
disease
16 Blastomycosis 6 * 381
# GIT INFECTIONS #
Sr Type of
Imp Questions Marks Page no
No question
1 Botulism 6 ** 397
2 Cholera (Case) 10 ***** 410

Difference b/w
3 classical and EI tor 2 * 411
vibrio cholera
4 Rota virus 6 ** 424
Intestinal Amoebiasis:
• Agents
• Morphology
5 • Life cycle 6 ** 427
• Pathogenesis
• Lab diagnosis
Amoebic dysentery v/s
6 2 ** 430
Bacillary dysentery
Draw and label
7 trophozoite of giardia 2 * 435
lamblia
Enumerate cestode
8 with their intermediate 2 * 447
and definitive host
Intestinal Taeniasis:
• Life cycle of Tinea
Saginata
9 6 *** 447
• Life cycle of Tinea
Solium
• Lab diagnosis
Difference b/w Tinea
10 2 * 449
Saginata and Solium

Draw and label life
11 cycle of Schistosoma 6 * 454
species
12 Auto infection 6 *** 103,459,467
Ascariasis: (Round
worm)
• Agents
• Morphology
13 6 ** 461
• Life cycle
• Pathogenesis
• Lab diagnosis
Hookworm Infection:
• Agents
• Morphology
14 • Life cycle 6 *** 463
• Pathogenesis
• Lab diagnosis
15 Wakana disease 2 * 464
# HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM INFECTION #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Hepatitis B Virus:
1 • Morphology 6 **** 478
• Viral antigen

• Viral genome
• Transmission
• Lab diagnosis
(Serological markers)
• Vaccine (Prophylaxis)
2 Extra Intestinal Ameobiasis 6 *** 491
E. Granulosis :
• Life cycle
3 • Pathogenesis 6 ** 493
• Lab diagnosis
4 Hydatid Cyst 6 ** 494
5 Casoni’s Test 2 * 496
Two parasite causing
6 2 * 499
visceral larva migrans
# SKIN, SOFT TISSUE, MUSCLOSKELETAL SYSTEM INFECTION #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Staphylococcus Aureus
Infection: (CASE)
• Virulence factors
1 A) Cell wall associated 6/10 *** 511
factor
B) Toxins
C) Extracellular enzymes

Pathogenesis and Lab
2 diagnosis of Staphylococcus 6 *** 512,515
aureus
3 TSST and SSSS 2 *** 512
4 MRSA 6 * 517
Streptococcus Pyogenes
Infections: (CASE)
• Virulence factors and
5 Pathogenicity 10 *** 520
• Toxins and Enzymes
• Lab diagnosis
6 Gas Gangrene 6 * 529
Difference b/w tuberculloid
7 2 ** 535
and lepromatous leprosy
8 Lepromin test 2 * 538
9 Anthrax 6 * 539
10 Herpes Simplex Virus 6 ** 551
11 Measles Virus 6 * 559
12 Koplik’s spots 2 * 560
Cutaneous Filariasis:
13 6 ** 567
• Loa Loa
Parasites causing cutaneous
14 6 * 572
larva migrans
Superficial Mycoses:
• Tinea versicolor
15 6 ** 574
• Tinea nigra
• Piedra

Dermatophytoses –
16 6 ****** 575
Superficial Mycoses
17 Hair Perforation test 2 * 578
Subcutaneous Mycoses :
18 6 **** 578
• Mycetoma
Sporotrichosis/Rose
19 6 * 580
Gardner's Disease
20 Rhinosporidiosis 6 * 582
# RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
1 Diphtheria (CASE) 10 **** 599
2 Elek’s Gel Precipitation test 2/6 ** 602
3 Schick test 2 * 604
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
4 10 ** 606
(CASE)
5 TB (CASE) 10 ******* 623
6 Tuberculin Skin test(TST) 2 * 630
Pigment production of
7 2 ** 642
Pseudomonas
Antigenic variation in
8 6 ** 649
Influenza virus
COVID-19:
• Morphology
9 10 ******* 662
• Pathogenesis

• Lab diagnosis
• Chemoprophylaxis and
COVID Vaccine
Epstein Barr virus/Kissing
10 6 ** 672
disease
Meyers Kouwenaar
11 2 * 677
Syndrome
Difference b/w classical and
12 2 * 678
occult Filariasis
13 Lab diagnosis of Filariasis 2 * 678
Aspergillosis:
• Pathogenesis
14 • Clinical complications 6 *** 681
• Lab diagnosis
• Diagram of A.fumigatus
15 Mucormycosis 6 * 680
# CNS INFECTIONS #
Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
1 Tetanus (CASE) 10 *** 702
Poliomyelitis: (CASE)
• Morphology
• Antigenic types
2 10 *** 709
• Pathogenesis
• Lab diagnosis

• Immunoprophylaxis/Vaccine
• Eradication
Agents of Viral Encephalitis
3 2 ** 715
and Encephalopathy
4 Japanese Encephalitis 6 * 716
Rabies:
• Pathogenesis
5 • Clinical complications 6 ******* 718
• Lab diagnosis
• Immunoprophylaxis/Vaccine
6 Slow Virus disease 6 * 724
7 Human Prion disease 6 ** 725
Primary amoebic
8 6 **** 728
meningoencephalitis
9 Toxoplasmosis 6 ** 731
10 Neurocysticercosis 6 * 735
11 Cryptococcosis 6 *** 739
# UROGENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
1 Urinary Tract infections 6 * 745
2 Significant bacteriuria 2 *** 748
Causative Agent of
3 Sexually Transmitted 2 ** 756
Disease
4 Syphilis (CASE) 10 ***** 759

Gonococcal Urethritis
5 10 **** 764
(CASE)
# MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIVE SYNDROMES #

Sr Type of Page
Imp Questions Marks
No question no
Mycotic Corneal Ulcers
1 2 ** 789
(Mycotic Keratitis)
Congenital Rubella
2 6 * 794
Syndrome (CRS)
3 Cytomegalovirus infections 6 ** 795
4 Oncogenic Viruses 6 ***** 800

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HNGU MBBS STUDENT

Contact no. : 9106899731 GMERS HIMMATNAGAR

Govern by : 4g GAURAV PATEL GMERS VADNAGAR

KRUNAL PATEL. BANAS MEDICAL COLLEGE PALANPUR

2nd year pathology

TYPING & TECHNICAL SUPPORT BY KASHYAP MEHTA

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# inflammation & repair #

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# hemodynamics & hemostasis

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

Sr Imp questions marks frequency Page

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# environment & nutritional

# genetic pediatric diseases #

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# diagnosis of lymphoid cells #

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

# Eye , ENT & neck #

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

• Made by JAGAT PATEL & DHARMESH J PUROHIT

Contact no. : 9106899731 GMERS HIMMATNAGAR

Govern by : 4g GAURAV PATEL GMERS VADNAGAR

KRUNAL PATEL BANAS MEDICAL COLLEGE PALANPUR

2nd year pharmacology

TYPING & TECHNICAL SUPPORT BY KASHYAP MEHTA

• From GMERS patan

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

Section 2 drugs acting on autonomic

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

Section 7 : drugs acting on central

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

97 Central sympatholytics **** 6 611

Section 9 : drugs acting on kidney

Section 10 : drugs affecting blood and

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

Section 5 : hormones and related drugs

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

Section 11 : GIT drugs

• Made by DHARMESH J PUROHIT & JAGAT PATEL

Section 12 : antimicrobial drugs