A

Project Report On
“WATER LEVEL INDICATOR”
Submi ed in Par al Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
Under Guidance of
Er. RAGHAV DWIVEDI
Lecturer
Head of Department
DR. DEEPAK NAGARIA
Professor
By
ANUBHAV CHAUDHARI (2200430200017)
DEEKSHA VERMA (2200430200025)
KULDEEP SINGH (2200430200034)
MOHIT KUMAR (22004730200039)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Bundelkhand Ins tute of Engineering & Technology
(An Autonomous Ins tute)
Jhansi (U.P.) India-284128
Session 2023-24
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 CERTIFICATE
Department of Electrical Engineering
Bundelkhand Ins tute of Engineering & Technology
Jhansi (U.P.) India-284128

This is to be cer fy that Project Based Learning on “WATER LEVEL INDICATOR” has been
successfully delivered by “ANUBHAV CHAUDHARI, DEEKSHA VERMA, KULDEEP SINGH, MOHIT
KUMAR (BTech 2nd Year)” under my guidance in fulfilment of bachelor degree from
Bundelkhand Ins tute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi during academic year 2023-24.

DATE: Head of Department

Co-ordinator: DR. DEEPAK NAGARIA
Er. RAGHAV DWIVEDI Dept. Of Electrical Eng.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The comple on of this undertaking could not have been possible without the par cipa on and
assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their contribu ons are
sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged.
We are sincerely grateful to our head of department DR. Deepak Nagaria who provided us the
pla orm to work on our project. He supported us throughout our project journey and enlightened
us. We would also like to thank our mentor Er. RAGHAV DWIVEDI supported us at every stage of
this project. He supervised as well as provided all the necessary informa on regarding the project
and also supported in comple ng the project. His constant guidance and willingness to share his
vast knowledge made us understand this project. We would like to show our gra tude towards
all the Electrical Engineering Faculty members who always willingly helped us.
We would like to express my gra tude to our parents and family for their kind coopera on and
encouragement which help us in the comple on of this project.

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 DECLARATION
We hereby cer fy that the work which is being presented in BTech Project Based Learning
Report en tled “WATER LEVEL INDICATOR”, as par al fulfilment of the requirement for the
degree of Bachelor Technology in Electrical Engineering, submi ed to the Department of
Electrical Engineering of Bundelkhand Ins tute of Engineering & Technology Jhansi (UP), is an
authen c record of team work carried out under the supervision of DR. RAGHAV DWIVEDI, in
the Electrical Engineering Department.
The ma er presented in this project report in full or part, has not been submi ed by me for the
award of any other degree elsewhere and is free from plagiarism.

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 CONTENT

• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• COMPONETNTS DETAIL
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• WORKING
• WATER LEVEL INDICATOR PROJECT FEATURES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

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 ABSTRACT

The drinking water emergency in India is arriving at disturbing extents. It may very
soon achieve the idea of worldwide emergency. Consequently, it is cri cal to save
water. In home established water tank, the one issue is excep onally normal to us
that the control of water level of overhead tank, therefore the wastage of water is
expanding step by step. Be that as it may, we as a whole realize water is excep onally
valuable to us. This issue can be constrained by a basic electronic circuit comprises
with some modest electronic segments, that circuit is called 'Water Level Indicator'.
The ac vity of water level controller works upon the way that water conducts
electricity. Along these lines, water can be u lized to open or close a circuit. As the
water level ascents or falls, various circuits in the controller impart various signals.
These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the motor pump as per our
requirements. Water Level Indicator is a simple low-cost circuit.

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INTRODUCTON
Water Level Indicator might be characterized as a system by which we can get the
data of any water supply. Water level indicator system is very helpful to diminish
the wastage of water from any repository, while filling such store. Water is most
essen al thing on earth. Safe drinking water is essen al to human and other life
forms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. The total amount
of water available on Earth has been es mated at 1.4 billion cubic kilometres,
enough to cover the planet with a layer of about 3 km. About 95% of the Earth's
water is in the oceans, which is unfit for human consump on. About 4% is locked
in the polar ice tops, and the rest 1% comprises all fresh water found in
waterways, streams and lakes which are appropriate for our u liza on. An
examina on evaluated that an individual in India expends a normal of 135 litres
for each day. This u liza on would ascend by 40% con nuously 2025.
This signifies the need to preserve our fresh water resources [1] However, some
observers have es mated that by 2025 more than half of the world popula on
will be faced water-based vulnerability. The presence of water level indicator in
reservoir can help control wastage and water inadequacy in such reservoir. Water
level indicator is used to show level of water in an overhead tank, this keeps the
user informed about the water level at all me avoids the situa on of water
running out when it is most needed. Indicators circuits have also alarm features. It
not indicates amount of water present in overhead tank but also gives an alarm
when tank is full.

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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

• BC-547 TRANSISTOR
• 220-ohm RESISTOR
• LED (RED, GREEN, YELLOW)
• BUZZER
• 9V BATTERY
• WATER GLASS
• WIRE

BC-547 TRANSISTOR

BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor, stands for transfer

of resistance, is commonly used to amplify current. A small current at its base
controls a larger current at collector & emitter terminals.
BC547 is mainly used for amplification and switching purposes. It has a
maximum current gain of 800. Its equivalent transistors are BC548 and BC549.

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220 ohm RESISTOR

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical

current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific
voltage for an ac ve device such as a transistor. Resistors can also be used to provide
a specific voltage for an ac ve device such as a transistor. All other factors being
equal, in a direct-current (DC) circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely
propor onal to its resistance, and directly propor onal to the voltage across it. This
is the well-known Ohm's Law. In alterna ng-current (AC) circuits, this rule also
applies as long as the resistor does not contain inductance or capacitance. Resistors
can be fabricated in a variety of ways. The most common type in electronic devices
and systems is the carbon-composi on resistor. Fine granulated carbon (graphite) is
mixed with clay and hardened. The resistance depends on the propor on of carbon
to clay; the higher this ra o, the lower the resistance.

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LED (RED, GREEN, YELLOW)

A light-emi ng diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor device that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. The light is not par cularly bright, but in most LEDs, it is
monochroma c, occurring at a single wavelength. The output form an LED can range from red
(at a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometres) to blue-violet (about 400 nanometres). Some
LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometres or longer); such a device is known as an infrared
emi ng diode (IRED). An LED or IRED consists of two elements of processed material called p-
type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. These two elements are placed in direct
contact, forming a region called the P-N junc on.

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BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or Piezo electronic. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, mers and confirma on of user such as a mouse click or keystroke. A buzzer or
beeper is a signalling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household
appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. It most commonly consists of a
number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and which
bu on was pushed or a preset me has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the
appropriate bu on or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a con nuous or
intermi ent buzzing or beeping sound. Ini ally this device was based on an
electromechanical system which was iden cal to an electric bell without the metal gong
(which makes the ringing noise). O en these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and
used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another implementa on with some AC-
connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the AC current into a noise loud
enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a cheap 8-ohm speaker.
Nowadays, it is more popular to use a ceramic-based A buzzer or beeper is an audio
signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or Piezo electronic. Typical
uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, mers and confirma on of user such as
a mouse click or keystroke. A buzzer or beeper is a signalling device, usually electronic,
typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game
shows. It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensors connected to a
control unit that determines if and which bu on was pushed or a preset me has lapsed,
and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate bu on or control panel, and sounds a
warning in the form of a con nuous or intermi ent buzzing or beeping sound. Ini ally this
device was based on an electromechanical system which was iden cal to an electric bell
without the metal gong (which makes the ringing noise). O en these units were anchored
to a wall or ceiling and used the ceiling or wall as a sounding board. Another
implementa on with some AC-connected devices was to implement a circuit to make the
AC current into a noise loud enough to drive a loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a
cheap 8-ohm speaker. Nowadays, it is more popular to use a ceramic-based piezoelectric
sounder like a son alert which makes a high-pitched tone. Piezoelectric sounder like a Son
alert which makes a high-pitched tone.

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9V BATTERY
A 9V ba ery is a type of ba ery that is commonly used in portable electronic devices, such as
smoke detectors, portable radios, and guitar pedals. It is a compact ba ery that is made up of
six small, cylindrical cells connected in series, which gives a total voltage of 9 volts.

The most common type of 9V ba ery is the alkaline 9V ba ery, which has a rela vely high
capacity and a long shelf life. Other types of 9V ba eries include rechargeable 9V ba eries,
which can be recharged and used mul ple mes, and lithium 9V ba eries, which have a longer
shelf life and are more resistant to temperature changes than alkaline ba eries.

A 9V ba ery typically has a rectangular shape with a Snap-On or screw-on connector that allows
it to be easily installed and removed from a device. The ba ery terminals are usually located on
the top or bo om of the ba ery and are labelled with a plus (+) and minus (-) sign to indicate the
polarity.

WATER GLASS
This is water glass is used as li le water tank. As shown in figure there are 4 different
colours wire inserted in the glass. First Black wire used for the ground level to complete the
circuit and other there are used for the different level like low, medium and high. This level
can be decided as your requirement. JUMPER WIR
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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WORKING

1. The BC547 transistor is an NPN transistor with three terminals: collector (C), base (B),
and emitter (E).
2. The base (B) of the transistor is connected to one of the metal probes, and the other
probe is placed at the desired water level in the tank.
3. A resistor (R1) is connected between the base (B) and the collector (C) of the
transistor. This resistor limits the current flowing into the base.
4. An LED is connected in series with the collector (C) of the transistor. When the
transistor is turned on, current flows through the LED, causing it to light up and
indicate the water level.
5. Initially, when there is no water contact between the two probes, the transistor is in
the OFF state, and the LED remains off.
6. When the water level in the tank rises and contacts both probes, it creates a path for
electricity to flow from the collector to the base of the transistor through the water.
This completes the circuit, allowing current to flow into the base.
7. When current flows into the base of the transistor, it turns the transistor on, allowing
current to flow from the collector to the emitter. This, in turn, allows current to flow
through the LED, causing it to light up and indicate that the water level has reached
the desired point.
8. When the water level falls below the level of the probes, the circuit is broken, and
the transistor turns off, turning off the LED.

This water level indicator circuit using a BC547 transistor uses the conductivity of water
to complete an electrical circuit when the water level reaches the desired point. When
the circuit is completed, it turns on the LED to indicate the water level. It's a simple and
low-cost way to monitor water levels in a tank or reservoir.

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WATER LEVEL INDICATOR PROJECT FEATURES
 Easy installa on.
 Low maintenance.
 Compact elegant design.
 The Automa c water level controller ensure no overflows or dry running of pump
there by saves electricity and water.
 Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.
 Fully automa c, saves man power.
 Consume very li le energy, ideal for con nuous opera on.
 Automa c water level controller provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the
water levels for opera on of pump set.
 Shows clear indica on of water levels in the overhead tank.

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CONCLUSION
The water level indicator is the best electronics starter device indica ng the water level and
saves water correspondingly. The led glow according to their level of water reaches to them
and indicates the buzzing sound to stop pouring when it reaches its final limit. What are you
wai ng for let’s save water in a playful and knowledgeable way.

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REFERENCES

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JJWSqo1Wv0
 https://www.slideshare.net/MDSAZZADULALAM2/water-level-indicatorpdf
 https://www.idc-online.com/control1/Water_Level_Indicator
 https://www.watelectronics.com/simple-water-level-alarm-circuit/
 https://www.utmel.com/blog/categories/sensors/what-is-a-water-level-indicator

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