SAT Math ALGEBRA 2 With ANS

Question ID beca03de Question ID f5c3e3b8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent
expressions
ID: beca03de
ID: f5c3e3b8
A rectangle has a length that is times its width. The function represents this
situation, where is the area, in square feet, of the rectangle and . Which of the following is Which expression is equivalent to , where , , and are positive?
the best interpretation of in this context? A.
A. The length of the rectangle, in feet
B.
B. The area of the rectangle, in square feet
C.
C. The difference between the length and the width of the rectangle, in feet
D.
D. The width of the rectangle, in feet
ID: f5c3e3b8 Answer

ID: beca03de Answer Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: A Rationale
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Applying the commutative property of multiplication, the expression
Choice A is correct. It's given that a rectangle has a length that is 15 times its width. It's also 𝑚4 𝑞4 𝑧-1 𝑚𝑞5 𝑧3 can be rewritten as 𝑚4 𝑚𝑞4 𝑞5 𝑧-1 𝑧3 . For positive values of 𝑥, 𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑏 = 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑏 .
given that the function 𝑦 = 15𝑤𝑤 represents this situation, where 𝑦 is the area, in square feet, Therefore, the expression 𝑚4 𝑚𝑞4 𝑞5 𝑧-1 𝑧3 can be rewritten as 𝑚4 + 1 𝑞4 + 5 𝑧-1 + 3 , or 𝑚5 𝑞9 𝑧2 .
of the rectangle and 𝑦 > 0. The area of a rectangle can be calculated by multiplying the
Choice A is incorrect and may result from multiplying, not adding, the exponents.
rectangle's length by its width. Since the rectangle has a length that is 15 times its width, it
follows that 𝑤 represents the width of the rectangle, in feet, and 15𝑤 represents the length of Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
the rectangle, in feet. Therefore, the best interpretation of 15𝑤 in this context is that it's the
length of the rectangle, in feet. Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the best interpretation of 𝑦, not 15𝑤, in the given function. Question Difficulty: Easy
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the best interpretation of 𝑤, not 15𝑤, in the given function.
Question Difficulty: Medium
Question ID a5663025 Question ID 3c95093c

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations
in one variable and in one variable and
systems of systems of
equations in two equations in two
variables variables
ID: a5663025 ID: 3c95093c
Which of the following inequalities is equivalent

to the inequality above?
A.
B.
A system of equations consists of a quadratic equation and a
linear equation. The equations in this system are graphed in the
C.
xy-plane above. How many solutions does this system have?
A. 0 D.
B. 1
C. 2 ID: 3c95093c Answer

Correct Answer: B
D. 3
Rationale
ID: a5663025 Answer Choice B is correct. Both sides of the given inequality can be divided by 3 to yield
Correct Answer: C .
Rationale Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are not equivalent to (do not have the same
solution set as) the given inequality. For example, the ordered pair is a solution to
Choice C is correct. The solutions to a system of two equations correspond to points where
the graphs of the equations intersect. The given graphs intersect at 2 points; therefore, the the given inequality, but it is not a solution to any of the inequalities in choices A, C, or D.
system has 2 solutions.
Question Difficulty: Easy
Choice A is incorrect because the graphs intersect. Choice B is incorrect because the graphs
intersect more than once. Choice D is incorrect. It’s not possible for the graph of a quadratic
equation and the graph of a linear equation to intersect more than twice.

Question ID d0a7871e Question ID dd4ab4c4
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent
in one variable and expressions
systems of
equations in two
variables ID: dd4ab4c4
ID: d0a7871e
Which of the following is a factor of
the polynomial above?
A.
If is a solution to the system of equations above, which of
the following could be the value of x ? B.
A. –1
C.
B. 0
D.
C. 2
D. 3
ID: dd4ab4c4 Answer
Correct Answer: B
ID: d0a7871e Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: A
Choice B is correct. The first and last terms of the polynomial are both squares such that
Rationale
and . The second term is twice the product of the square root of the
2
Choice A is correct. It is given that y = x + 1 and y = x + x. Setting the values for y equal to first and last terms: . Therefore, the polynomial is the square of a binomial
2 2
each other yields x + 1 = x + x. Subtracting x from each side of this equation yields x = 1.
such that , and is a factor.
Therefore, x can equal 1 or –1. Of these, only –1 is given as a choice.
2 2 Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly factoring the polynomial. Choice C
Choice B is incorrect. If x = 0, then x + 1 = 1, but x + x = 0 + 0 = 0 ≠︀1. Choice C is incorrect. If
2 2 is incorrect and may be the result of dividing the second and third terms of the polynomial
x = 2, then x + 1 = 3, but x + x = 2 + 2 = 6 ≠︀3. Choice D is incorrect. If x = 3, then x + 1 = 4, but
2 2 by their greatest common factor. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of not factoring
x + x = 3 + 3 = 12 ≠︀4. the coefficients.
Question ID b8caaf84 Question ID 7f81d0c3

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations
expressions in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
ID: b8caaf84 variables
If and , which of the following is

ID: 7f81d0c3
equivalent to ?
A.
What values satisfy the
B. equation above?
A. and
C.
D. B. and
ID: b8caaf84 Answer C. and
Correct Answer: B
Rationale D. and
Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Substituting the values for p and
v into the expression yields . Multiplying the ID: 7f81d0c3 Answer
terms yields . Using the distributive property to rewrite Correct Answer: C
yields . Therefore, the entire expression can be represented as Rationale
. Combining like terms yields . Choice C is correct. Using the quadratic formula to solve the given expression yields
Choice A is incorrect and may result from subtracting, instead of adding, the term .
. Therefore, and
Choice C is incorrect. This is the result of multiplying the terms . Choice D is
satisfy the given equation.
incorrect and may result from distributing 2, instead of , to the term .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from incorrectly factoring or incorrectly
Question Difficulty: Medium applying the quadratic formula. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a sign error.

Question ID e312081b Question ID 52931bfa
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent
expressions expressions
ID: e312081b ID: 52931bfa
Which expression is equivalent to , where ?

Which of the following is equivalent to A.
the given expression?
B.
A.
C.
B.
D.
C.
D.
ID: 52931bfa Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
ID: e312081b Answer
Correct Answer: B Choice B is correct. The given expression has a common factor of 2 in the denominator, so
8𝑥𝑥 - 7 - 3𝑥 - 7
the expression can be rewritten as . The three terms in this expression have a
Rationale 2𝑥 - 7
common factor of 𝑥 - 7. Since it's given that 𝑥 > 7, 𝑥 can't be equal to 7, which means 𝑥 - 7
8𝑥𝑥 - 7 - 3𝑥 - 7
Choice B is correct. Using the associative and commutative properties of addition, the given can't be equal to 0. Therefore, each term in the expression, , can be divided by 𝑥 - 7,
2𝑥 - 7
8𝑥 - 3
expression can be rewritten as . Adding these like terms which gives 2
.
results in . Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from adding . Choice C is incorrect and Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
may result from adding . Choice D is incorrect and may result from adding
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
.
Question ID 1e003284 Question ID 91e7ea5e

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 91e7ea5e
variables
ID: 1e003284 The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the
graph of intersects the x-axis at the points and
, where t is a constant. What is the value of t ?
The graphs of the given equations intersect at the point in the xy-plane. What is the value of A. 1
?
B. 2
A.
C. 4
B.
D. 8
C.
D. ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Correct Answer: D
ID: 1e003284 Answer Rationale
Correct Answer: A
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the graph of intersects the x-axis at and
Rationale
, where t is a constant. Since this graph intersects the x-axis when or when
Choice A is correct. It's given that the graphs of the given equations intersect at the point 𝑥, 𝑦
, it follows that and . If , then . Adding 32 to
in the xy-plane. It follows that 𝑥, 𝑦 represents a solution to the system consisting of the given
equations. The first equation given is 𝑥 = 49. Substituting 49 for 𝑥 in the second equation both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2
given, 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 9, yields 𝑦 = √49 + 9, which is equivalent to 𝑦 = 7 + 9, or 𝑦 = 16. It follows that yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields .
the graphs of the given equations intersect at the point 49, 16. Therefore, the value of 𝑦 is 16.
Adding 4 to both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the value of t is 8.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 3a9d60b2 Question ID 8490cc45
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 8490cc45
variables
The function is defined by . What is the y-intercept of the graph of
ID: 3a9d60b2 in the xy-plane?
A.
What is the positive solution to the given equation? B.
C.
ID: 3a9d60b2 Answer
D.
Correct Answer: 9
Rationale
ID: 8490cc45 Answer
The correct answer is 9. The given equation can be rewritten as 54 - 𝑥 = 25. Dividing each Correct Answer: A
side of this equation by 5 yields 4 - 𝑥 = 5. By the definition of absolute value, if 4 - 𝑥 = 5, then
Rationale
4 - 𝑥 = 5 or 4 - 𝑥 = - 5. Subtracting 4 from each side of the equation 4 - 𝑥 = 5 yields -𝑥 = 1.
Dividing each side of this equation by -1 yields 𝑥 = - 1. Similarly, subtracting 4 from each Choice A is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occurs at the point
side of the equation 4 - 𝑥 = - 5 yields -𝑥 = - 9. Dividing each side of this equation by -1 yields on the graph where 𝑥 = 0. In other words, when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is the y-
𝑥 = 9. Therefore, since the two solutions to the given equation are -1 and 9, the positive coordinate of the y-intercept. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the given equation yields 𝑓0 = -82 + 22,
0
solution to the given equation is 9. which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = -81 + 22, or 𝑓0 = 14. Thus, when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of
𝑓𝑥 is 14. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, 14.
Choice D is incorrect. This could be the y-intercept for 𝑓𝑥 = -82 , not 𝑓𝑥 = -82 + 22.
𝑥 𝑥
Rationale
Question ID 4fbffc0a Choice A is correct. It's given that the graph shows the height above ground, in meters, of a
ball 𝑥 seconds after the ball was launched upward from a platform. In the graph shown, the
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi x-axis represents time, in seconds, and the y-axis represents the height of the ball above
ground, in meters. It follows that for the marked point 1.0, 4.8, 1.00 represents the time, in
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions seconds, after the ball was launched upward from a platform and 4.80 represents the height
of the ball above ground, in meters. Therefore, the best interpretation of the marked point
1.0, 4.8 is 1.00 second after being launched, the ball's height above ground is 4.80 meters.
ID: 4fbffc0a
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
The graph shows the height above ground, in meters, of a ball seconds after the ball was
launched upward from a platform. Which statement is the best interpretation of the marked point
in this context?
A. second after being launched, the ball's height above ground is meters.
B. seconds after being launched, the ball's height above ground is meter.
C. The ball was launched from an initial height of meter with an initial velocity of meters
per second.
D. The ball was launched from an initial height of meters with an initial velocity of meter
per second.
ID: 4fbffc0a Answer

Correct Answer: A
Question ID ba0edc30 Question Difficulty: Hard
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ba0edc30
One solution to the given equation can be written as , where is a constant. What is the
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Adding 9 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 = 9. To complete
2
the square, adding 1 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 + 1 = 9 + 1, or 𝑥 - 1 = 10.
Taking the square root of each side of this equation yields 𝑥 - 1 = ± √10 . Adding 1 to each
side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 1 ± √10 . Since it's given that one of the solutions to the
equation can be written as 1 + √𝑘 , the value of 𝑘 must be 10.
Alternate approach: It's given that 1 + √𝑘 is a solution to the given equation. It follows that
2
𝑥 = 1 + √𝑘 . Substituting 1 + √𝑘 for 𝑥 in the given equation yields 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0, or
1 + √𝑘 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0. Expanding the products on the left-hand side of this equation
yields 1 + 2√𝑘 + 𝑘 - 2 - 2√𝑘 - 9 = 0, or 𝑘 - 10 = 0. Adding 10 to each side of this equation yields
𝑘 = 10.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question ID fc3d783a Question ID a9084ca4

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: a9084ca4
variables
ID: fc3d783a The given function models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year,
where represents the number of years since , and . If is graphed in the
In the -plane, a line with equation intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the xy-plane, which of the following is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this
parabola has equation , where is a positive constant, what is the value of ? context?
A. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the
ID: fc3d783a Answer years was .
Correct Answer: 6 B. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the
years was .
Rationale
C. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
The correct answer is 6. It’s given that a line with equation 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 intersects a parabola
with equation 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥, where 𝑏 is a positive constant, at exactly one point in the xy- D. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
plane. It follows that the system of equations consisting of 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 and 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 has
exactly one solution. Dividing both sides of the equation of the line by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 . 25.
Substituting 2.25 for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields 2 . 25 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥. Adding 4𝑥2 ID: a9084ca4 Answer
and subtracting 𝑏𝑥 from both sides of this equation yields 4𝑥2 - 𝑏𝑥 + 2 . 25 = 0. A quadratic Correct Answer: D
equation in the form of 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has exactly one
2 Rationale
solution when the discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to zero. Substituting 4 for 𝑎 and 2.25 for 𝑐 in
2 2
the expression 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 and setting this expression equal to 0 yields 𝑏 - 4 ( 4 ) ( 2 . 25 ) = 0, or Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point where 𝑥 = 0. For
2 2
𝑏 - 36 = 0. Adding 36 to each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = 36. Taking the square root of the given function 𝑓, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by
each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = ± 6. It’s given that 𝑏 is positive, so the value of 𝑏 is 6. 𝑥 0
substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 9,0000.66 , which gives 𝑦 = 9,0000.66 . This is
equivalent to 𝑦 = 9,0001, or 𝑦 = 9,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is
0, 9,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of advertisements a company sent
to its clients each year. Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 represents the estimated number of advertisements the
company sent to its clients each year. It's also given that 𝑥 represents the number of years
since 1997. Therefore, 𝑥 = 0 represents 0 years since 1997, or 1997. Thus, the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the estimated number of
advertisements the company sent to its clients in 1997 was 9,000.

Question Difficulty: Hard Question ID 2c6f214f

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: 2c6f214f
The first term of a sequence is . Each term after the first is times the preceding term. If
represents the th term of the sequence, which equation gives in terms of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 𝑤 represents the 𝑛th term of the sequence and 9 is the first term of
the sequence, the value of 𝑤 is 9 when the value of 𝑛 is 1. Since each term after the first is 4
times the preceding term, the value of 𝑤 is 94 when the value of 𝑛 is 2. Therefore, the value of
2 𝑛-1
𝑤 is 944, or 94 , when the value of 𝑛 is 3. More generally, the value of 𝑤 is 94 for a given
𝑛-1
value of 𝑛. Therefore, the equation 𝑤 = 94 gives 𝑤 in terms of 𝑛.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36,
rather than 9, and each term after the first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 4, rather
than 9, and each term after the first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36,
rather than 9.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Question ID 6abec9a8 Choice C is incorrect. This is the y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane that intersects the y-
axis at 𝑦 = - 4, not 𝑦 = - 5.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane that intersects the y-
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions axis at 𝑦 = 0, not 𝑦 = - 5.

ID: 6abec9a8
What is the -intercept of the graph shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6abec9a8 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point 𝑥, 𝑦 on the graph
where 𝑥 = 0. At 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑦 is -5. Therefore, the y-intercept of the
graph shown is 0, - 5.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the first equation yields
Question ID 4661e2a9 , or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice C is incorrect.

Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields
, or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations D is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields
in one variable and
, or , which isn’t a true statement.
systems of
equations in two
variables Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 4661e2a9
Which ordered pair is a solution to the

system of equations above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The solution to the given system of equations can be found by solving
the first equation for x, which gives , and substituting that value of x into the second
equation which gives . Rewriting this equation by adding like terms
and expanding gives . Subtracting from both sides of this
equation gives . Adding to 2 to both sides of this equation gives . Therefore, it

follows that . Substituting for y in the first equation yields . Adding
to both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the ordered pair
is a solution to the given system of equations.
Question ID ad2ec615 Question ID 42c71eb5

ID: ad2ec615 ID: 42c71eb5
Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression ?
Which of the following is equivalent to
the expression above?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: ad2ec615 Answer

Correct Answer: B ID: 42c71eb5 Answer
Rationale Correct Answer: A
4 Rationale
Choice B is correct. The term x can be factored as . Factoring –6 as yields
2 Choice A is correct. The given expression can be rewritten as
values that add to –1, the coefficient of x in the expression.
. Applying the distributive property, the expression
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from finding factors of –6 that don’t add to can be rewritten as , or .
2
the coefficient of x in the original expression.
Adding like terms yields . Substituting for in the given
Question Difficulty: Medium expression yields . By the rules of exponents, the expression is
equivalent to . Applying the distributive property, this expression can be
rewritten as , or . Adding like terms gives
. Substituting for in the rewritten expression yields
, and adding like terms yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choices C and D may result from rewriting the expression
as , instead of as . Choices B and C may result from
rewriting the expression as , instead of .
Question ID 52b1700c
ID: 52b1700c
Time (years) Total amount (dollars)
Rosa opened a savings account at a bank. The table shows the exponential relationship between the
time , in years, since Rosa opened the account and the total amount , in dollars, in the account. If
Rosa made no additional deposits or withdrawals, which of the following equations best represents
the relationship between and ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 52b1700c Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑛 is exponential. The table
shows that the value of 𝑛 increases as the value of 𝑡 increases. Therefore, the relationship
between 𝑡 and 𝑛 can be represented by an increasing exponential equation of the form
𝑡
𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. The table shows that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑛 = 604.
𝑡 0
Substituting 0 for 𝑡 and 604 for 𝑛 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields 604 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , which is
𝑡
equivalent to 604 = 𝑎1, or 604 = 𝑎. Substituting 604 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields
𝑡
𝑛 = 6041 + 𝑏 . The table also shows that when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑛 = 606.42. Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 606.42
𝑡 1
for 𝑛 in the equation 𝑛 = 6041 + 𝑏 yields 606.42 = 6041 + 𝑏 , or 606.42 = 6041 + 𝑏. Dividing
both sides of this equation by 604 yields approximately 1.004 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from
both sides of this equation yields that the value of 𝑏 is approximately 0.004. Substituting
0.004 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑛 = 6041 + 𝑏𝑡 yields 𝑛 = 6041 + 0.004𝑡 . Therefore, of the choices,
choice C best represents the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑛.
Question ID 371cbf6b
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. expressions

ID: 371cbf6b
The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

constants. What is the value of ab ?
A. 18
B. 20
C. 24
D. 40
ID: 371cbf6b Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the equation is true for all x, then the expressions on both sides of the
equation will be equivalent. Multiplying the polynomials on the left-hand side of the
equation gives . On the right-hand side of the equation,
the only -term is . Since the expressions on both sides of the equation are
equivalent, it follows that , which can be rewritten as
. Therefore, , which gives .
Choice A is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the
equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the
right-hand side. Choice B is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand
side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , ,
on the right-hand side. Choice D is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the

left-hand side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient
of , , on the right-hand side. Question ID a05bd3a4

Question Difficulty: Hard Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

expressions
ID: a05bd3a4
Which of the following expressions is

equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a05bd3a4 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
2 2
Choice C is correct. The expression can be written as a difference of squares x – y , which
2
can be factored as (x + y)(x – y). Here, y = 5, so , and the expression therefore factors
as .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to factor a
2
difference of squares. Choice D is incorrect; (x + 5)(x – 1) can be rewritten as x + 4x – 5,
which is not equivalent to the original expression.
Question ID c3b116d7 Question ID 40c09d66

ID: c3b116d7 ID: 40c09d66
Which of the following expressions is(are) a factor of ?

I.
If for all positive values of x,
II.
what is the value of ?
A. I only
B. II only
ID: 40c09d66 Answer
C. I and II
Rationale
D. Neither I nor II
The correct answer is . The value of can be found by first rewriting the left-hand side
ID: c3b116d7 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
of the given equation as . Using the properties of exponents, this expression can be
Choice B is correct. The given expression can be factored by first finding two values whose
sum is 20 and whose product is 3-63, or -189. Those two values are 27 and -7. It follows that
rewritten as . This expression can be rewritten by subtracting the fractions in the
the given expression can be rewritten as 3𝑥2 + 27𝑥 - 7𝑥 - 63. Since the first two terms of this
expression have a common factor of 3𝑥 and the last two terms of this expression have a
common factor of -7, this expression can be rewritten as 3𝑥𝑥 + 9 - 7𝑥 + 9. Since the two terms
exponent, which yields . Thus, is . Note that 7/6, 1.166, and 1.167 are examples of
of this expression have a common factor of 𝑥 + 9, it can be rewritten as 3𝑥 - 7𝑥 + 9. Therefore,
expression II, 3𝑥 - 7, is a factor of 3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63, but expression I, 𝑥 - 9, is not a factor of ways to enter a correct answer.
3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63.

Question ID b8f13a3a Question ID 1ee962ec
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: b8f13a3a ID: 1ee962ec
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph
of has a y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of
?
ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Correct Answer: 20
Rationale
The correct answer is 20. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the
equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 yields 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of
75 75
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 is 0, - . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12 yields
7 7
75 75 75
- = - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 12, which is equivalent to - = - 1 + 𝑏 - 12, or - = 𝑏 - 13. Adding 13 to both
7 7 7
16 320 320
sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = .
7 7 7
16 16 320
Substituting for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎 = . Dividing both sides of this equation by
7 7 7
16
7
yields 𝑎 = 20.

Scientists recorded data about the ocean water levels at a certain location over a period of hours.
The graph shown models the data, where represents sea level. Which table gives values of
and their corresponding values of based on the model?
A.
B.
Question ID ad03127d
C.

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
D.
ID: ad03127d
The given equation relates the variables , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms of
and ?
ID: 1ee962ec Answer
A.
Correct Answer: C
B.
Rationale
C.
Choice C is correct. Each point 𝑥, 𝑦 on the graph represents an elapsed time 𝑥, in hours, and
the corresponding ocean water level 𝑦, in feet, at a certain location based on the model. The D.
graph shown passes through the points 0, 0, 3, - 12, and 6, 0. Thus, the table in choice C gives
the values of 𝑥 and their corresponding values of 𝑦 based on the model.
ID: ad03127d Answer
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Correct Answer: D
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Rationale
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is correct. Subtracting 𝑡 from both sides of the given equation yields 6𝑟 - 𝑡 = 7𝑠.
6𝑟 - 𝑡 6𝑟 - 𝑡
Dividing both sides of this equation by 7 yields = 𝑠. Therefore, the equation 𝑠 =
7 7
Question Difficulty: Easy correctly expresses 𝑠 in terms of 𝑟 and 𝑡.

Question ID f65288e8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f65288e8
If x is a solution to the given equation, which of the

following is a possible value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f65288e8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation can be rewritten as . Multiplying both
sides of this equation by yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by
4 yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields
or . Therefore, a possible value of is .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational or conceptual errors.
Question ID 788bfd56 Question ID f89af023

ID: 788bfd56 ID: f89af023
The function is defined by . What is the value of ? A rectangular volleyball court has an area of 162 square meters. If
the length of the court is twice the width, what is the width of the
A.
court, in meters?
B.
A. 9
C.
B. 18
D.
C. 27
D. 54
ID: 788bfd56 Answer
Correct Answer: B
ID: f89af023 Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: A
Choice B is correct. The value of 𝑓144 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 144. It's given that the Rationale
function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 4 + √𝑥 . Substituting 144 for 𝑥 in this equation yields
𝑓144 = 4 + √144 . Since the positive square root of 144 is 12, it follows that this equation can Choice A is correct. It’s given that the volleyball court is rectangular and has an area of 162
be rewritten as 𝑓144 = 4 + 12, or 𝑓144 = 16. Therefore, the value of 𝑓144 is 16. square meters. The formula for the area of a rectangle is , where A is the area, is
the length, and w is the width of the rectangle. It’s also given that the length of the volleyball
court is twice the width, thus . Substituting the given value into the formula for the
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓1,296, not 𝑓144. area of a rectangle and using the relationship between length and width for this rectangle
yields . This equation can be rewritten as . Dividing both sides of
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓5,184, not 𝑓144.
this equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields
. Since the width of a rectangle is a positive number, the width of the volleyball court
is 9 meters.
Choice B is incorrect because this is the length of the rectangle. Choice C is incorrect
because this is the result of using 162 as the perimeter rather than the area. Choice D is
incorrect because this is the result of calculating w in the equation instead of

Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is
Question ID 7902bed0 51.84 meters above the ground at 0 seconds, not 1.8 seconds.

ID: 7902bed0
A machine launches a softball from ground level. The softball reaches a maximum height of
meters above the ground at seconds and hits the ground at seconds. Which equation
represents the height above ground , in meters, of the softball seconds after it is launched?
A.
B.
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 7902bed0 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. An equation representing the height above ground ℎ, in meters, of a

softball 𝑡 seconds after it is launched by a machine from ground level can be written in the
2
form ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are positive constants. In this equation, 𝑏 represents
the time, in seconds, at which the softball reaches its maximum height of 𝑐 meters above the
ground. It's given that this softball reaches a maximum height of 51.84 meters above the
ground at 1.8 seconds; therefore, 𝑏 = 1.8 and 𝑐 = 51.84. Substituting 1.8 for 𝑏 and 51.84 for 𝑐 in
2 2
the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐 yields ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. It's also given that this softball hits
the ground at 3.6 seconds; therefore, ℎ = 0 when 𝑡 = 3.6. Substituting 0 for ℎ and 3.6 for 𝑡 in
2 2
the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields 0 = - 𝑎3.6 - 1.8 + 51.84, which is equivalent to
2
0 = - 𝑎1.8 + 51.84, or 0 = - 3.24𝑎 + 51.84. Adding 3.24𝑎 to both sides of this equation yields
3.24𝑎 = 51.84. Dividing both sides of this equation by 3.24 yields 𝑎 = 16. Substituting 16 for 𝑎
2 2
in the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. Therefore,
2
ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 represents the height above ground ℎ, in meters, of this softball 𝑡
seconds after it is launched.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is 3.6
meters above the ground at 0 seconds, not 51.84 meters above the ground at 1.8 seconds.
Question ID 4a0d0399 Question ID e53add44

ID: 4a0d0399 ID: e53add44
The function is defined by , where and are constants. In the -plane, the
graph of has an -intercept at and a -intercept at . What is the value of
The function S above models the annual salary, in dollars, of an
?
employee n years after starting a job, where a is a constant. If the
employee’s salary increases by 4% each year, what is the value of a
ID: 4a0d0399 Answer ?
Correct Answer: -324 A. 0.04
Rationale B. 0.4
The correct answer is -324. It's given that the function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 C. 1.04
and 𝑏 are constants. It's also given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 has a y-intercept at 0, - 323. It
D. 1.4
follows that 𝑓0 = - 323. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and -323 for 𝑓𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields -323 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏,
or -323 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from each side of this equation yields -324 = 𝑏. Therefore, the
value of 𝑏 is -324.
ID: e53add44 Answer
Question Difficulty: Hard Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. A model for a quantity S that increases by a certain percentage per time
period n is an exponential function in the form , where I is the initial
value at time for r% annual increase. It’s given that the annual increase in an
employee’s salary is 4%, so . The initial value can be found by substituting 0 for n in the
given function, which yields . Therefore, . Substituting these values
for r and I into the form of the exponential function yields
, or . Therefore, the value of a in the given
function is 1.04.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly representing the annual
increase in the exponential function.
Question ID f2f3fa00

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f2f3fa00
During a 5-second time interval, the average acceleration a, in

meters per second squared, of an object with an initial velocity of
12 meters per second is defined by the equation ,
where vf is the final velocity of the object in meters per second. If

the equation is rewritten in the form vf = xa + y, where x and y are
constants, what is the value of x ?
ID: f2f3fa00 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The given equation can be rewritten in the form , like so:
It follows that the value of x is 5 and the value of y is 12.
Question ID b4a6ed81 Question ID 9654add7

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
expressions
ID: 9654add7
ID: b4a6ed81
The expression is equivalent to , where is a constant. What is the value

The revenue , in dollars, that a company receives from sales
of ?
of a product is given by the function f above, where x is the unit
price, in dollars, of the product. The graph of in the xy-
ID: b4a6ed81 Answer
plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does a represent?
Correct Answer: 6
A. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0
Rationale
B. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue
The correct answer is 6. Applying the distributive property to the expression 𝑟𝑦4 15𝑦 - 9 yields
15𝑟𝑦5 - 9𝑟𝑦4 . Since 90𝑦5 - 54𝑦4 is equivalent to 𝑟𝑦4 15𝑦 - 9, it follows that 90𝑦5 - 54𝑦4 is also C. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0
equivalent to 15𝑟𝑦5 - 9𝑟𝑦4 . Since these expressions are equivalent, it follows that
D. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make
corresponding coefficients are equivalent. Therefore, 90 = 15𝑟 and -54 = -9𝑟. Solving either of
these equations for 𝑟 will yield the value of 𝑟. Dividing both sides of 90 = 15𝑟 by 15 yields
6 = 𝑟. Therefore, the value of 𝑟 is 6. ID: 9654add7 Answer
Question Difficulty: Medium Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. By definition, the y-value when a function intersects the x-axis is 0. It’s
given that the graph of the function intersects the x-axis at 0 and a, that x is the unit price, in
dollars, of a product, and that , where , is the revenue, in dollars, that a company
receives from the sales of the product. Since the value of a occurs when , a is the unit
price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0.
Choice A is incorrect. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0 is
represented by , when . Choice B is incorrect. The unit price, in dollars, of the
product that will result in maximum revenue is represented by the x-coordinate of the
maximum of f. Choice D is incorrect. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company
can make is represented by the y-coordinate of the maximum of f.

terms on the left-hand side yields , so it follows that and . Therefore,
Question ID 34847f8a the value of is .
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error when determining the sign of either r or t.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from not distributing the 2 and 3 to their respective
expressions terms in . Choice D is incorrect and may
result from a calculation error.

ID: 34847f8a
The equation above is true for all , where r and t are positive
constants. What is the value of rt ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 34847f8a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. To express the sum of the two rational expressions on the left-hand side
of the equation as the single rational expression on the right-hand side of the equation, the
expressions on the left-hand side must have the same denominator. Multiplying the first
expression by results in , and multiplying the second expression by
results in , so the given equation can be rewritten as
, or
. Since the two rational expressions on the
left-hand side of the equation have the same denominator as the rational expression on the
right-hand side of the equation, it follows that . Combining like
Question ID cc776a04 Question ID 263f9937

expressions
ID: 263f9937
ID: cc776a04
Growth of a Culture of Bacteria
Which of the following is an equivalent form of Number of bacteria per
Day
? milliliter at end of day
A. 1
2
B.
3
C.
A culture of bacteria is growing at an exponential rate, as shown in

D.
the table above. At this rate, on which day would the number of
bacteria per milliliter reach ?
ID: cc776a04 Answer A. Day 5

Correct Answer: C
B. Day 9
Rationale
C. Day 11
Choice C is correct. The first expression can be rewritten as
D. Day 12
. Applying the distributive property to this product yields
. This difference can be rewritten as

ID: 263f9937 Answer
. Distributing the factor of through the
Correct Answer: D
second expression yields . Regrouping like terms,
Rationale
the expression becomes . Combining like
Choice D is correct. The number of bacteria per milliliter is doubling each day. For example,
terms yields . 5 5
from day 1 to day 2, the number of bacteria increased from 2.5 × 10 to 5.0 × 10 . At the end of
6 6
day 3 there are 10 bacteria per milliliter. At the end of day 4, there will be 10 × 2 bacteria
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and likely result from errors made when applying the 6 6 2
per milliliter. At the end of day 5, there will be (10 × 2) × 2, or 10 × (2 ) bacteria per
distributive property or combining the resulting like terms. 6 d–3
milliliter, and so on. At the end of day d, the number of bacteria will be 10 × (2 ). If the
8
number of bacteria per milliliter will reach 5.12 × 10 at the end of day d, then the equation
8 6
must hold. Since 5.12 × 10 can be rewritten as 512 × 10 , the
equation is equivalent to . Rewriting 512 as 2
9 gives d – 3 = 9, so d = 12. The
8
number of bacteria per milliliter would reach 5.12 × 10 at the end of day 12. Question ID 926c246b
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Given the growth rate of the bacteria, the number of Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
8
bacteria will not reach 5.12 × 10 per milliliter by the end of any of these days.
ID: 926c246b
The equation above estimates the global data traffic D, in

terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010. What is the best
interpretation of the number 5,640 in this context?
A. The estimated amount of increase of data traffic, in terabytes, each year
B. The estimated percent increase in the data traffic, in terabytes, each year
C. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010
D. The estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010
ID: 926c246b Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since t represents the number of years after 2010, the estimated data
traffic, in terabytes, in 2010 can be calculated using the given equation when .
Substituting 0 for t in the given equation yields , or . Thus,
5,640 represents the estimated data traffic, in terabytes, in 2010.
Choice A is incorrect. Since the equation is exponential, the amount of increase of data
traffic each year isn’t constant. Choice B is incorrect. According to the equation, the percent
increase in data traffic each year is 90%. Choice C is incorrect. The estimated data traffic, in
terabytes, for the year that is t years after 2010 is represented by D, not the number 5,640.
Question ID 84e5e36c Question ID ff2c1431

variables variables
ID: 84e5e36c ID: ff2c1431
The given equation relates the positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly gives in
The graphs of the given equations in the xy-plane intersect at the point . What is a possible terms of and ?
value of ?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: ff2c1431 Answer

ID: 84e5e36c Answer
Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that the equation 7𝑚 = 5𝑛 + 𝑝 relates the positive numbers 𝑚, 𝑛,
7𝑚
Choice B is correct. Since the point 𝑥, 𝑦 is an intersection point of the graphs of the given and 𝑝. Dividing both sides of the given equation by 5 yields = 𝑛 + 𝑝. Subtracting 𝑝 from
5
equations in the xy-plane, the pair 𝑥, 𝑦 should satisfy both equations, and thus is a solution of both sides of this equation yields
7𝑚
- 𝑝 = 𝑛, or 𝑛 =
7𝑚
- 𝑝. It follows that the equation
5 5
the given system. According to the first equation, 𝑦 = 76. Substituting 76 in place of 𝑦 in the 𝑛=
7𝑚
- 𝑝 correctly gives 𝑛 in terms of 𝑚 and 𝑝.
5
second equation yields 𝑥2 - 5 = 76. Adding 5 to both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 = 81.
Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two solutions: 𝑥 = 9 and 𝑥 = - 9. Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Of these two solutions, only -9 is given as a choice.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of coordinate 𝑦, rather than 𝑥, of the intersection point
𝑥, 𝑦.

Question ID 137cc6fd Question ID 6ce95fc8
systems of
equations in two
ID: 137cc6fd variables
ID: 6ce95fc8
For what value of is the given expression equivalent to , where ?
ID: 137cc6fd Answer Which of the following is a solution to

the equation above?
Correct Answer: .0177, .0178, 4/225
A.
Rationale
The correct answer is

4
. An expression of the form √𝑎 , where 𝑘 is an integer greater than 1
𝑘 B.
225
1
and 𝑎 ≥ 0, is equivalent to 𝑎 𝑘 . Therefore, the given expression, where 𝑛 > 1, is equivalent to
1 12 1 1
70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 . Applying properties of exponents, this expression can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 ,
·2 C.
1 1 1 1 8
+
or 70𝑛 70𝑛 , which can be rewritten as 70𝑛
5 3 5 3 , or 70𝑛 . It's given that the expression
15
2 8
30𝑥 30𝑥
√70𝑛 √70𝑛 is equivalent to 70𝑛 , where 𝑛 > 1. It follows that 70𝑛 15 is equivalent to 70𝑛 .
5 6
8 8 4 D.
Therefore, = 30𝑥. Dividing both sides of this equation by 30 yields = 𝑥, or = 𝑥. Thus,
15 450 225
30𝑥 4
the value of 𝑥 for which the given expression is equivalent to 70𝑛 , where 𝑛 > 1, is . Note
225
that 4/225, .0177, .0178, 0.017, and 0.018 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
ID: 6ce95fc8 Answer
Question Difficulty: Hard Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c are
constants, can be solved using the quadratic formula: . Subtracting
from both sides of the given equation yields . Applying the quadratic
formula, where , , and , yields . This
can be rewritten as . Since , or , the equation can be
rewritten as . Dividing 2 from both the numerator and denominator yields

Question ID 4dd4efcf
or . Of these two solutions, only is present among the Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
choices. Thus, the correct choice is D.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from a computational or conceptual error. Choice B is
ID: 4dd4efcf
incorrect and may result from using instead of
as the quadratic formula. Choice C is incorrect and may result from rewriting as
In the given quadratic function, and are constants. The graph of in the xy-plane is a
instead of .
parabola that opens upward and has a vertex at the point , where and are constants. If
and , which of the following must be true?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 4dd4efcf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is a parabola with
vertex ℎ, 𝑘. If 𝑓-9 = 𝑓3, then for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the point with an x-coordinate of -9 and
the point with an x-coordinate of 3 have the same y-coordinate. In the xy-plane, a parabola is
a symmetric graph such that when two points have the same y-coordinate, these points are
equidistant from the vertex, and the x-coordinate of the vertex is halfway between the x-
coordinates of these two points. Therefore, for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the points with x-
coordinates -9 and 3 are equidistant from the vertex, ℎ, 𝑘, and ℎ is halfway between -9 and 3.
-9 + 3
The value that is halfway between -9 and 3 is , or -3. Therefore, ℎ = - 3. The equation
2
2
defining 𝑓 can also be written in vertex form, 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘. Substituting -3 for ℎ in this
2 2
equation yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - -3 + 𝑘, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 3 + 𝑘. This equation is equivalent to
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑘, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑎𝑥 + 9𝑎 + 𝑘. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that 6𝑎 = 4
4 2
and 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Dividing both sides of the equation 6𝑎 = 4 by 6 yields 𝑎 = , or 𝑎 = . Since
6 3
2 2
< 1, it's not true that 𝑎 ≥ 1. Therefore, statement II isn't true. Substituting for 𝑎 in the
3 3
2
equation 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐 yields 9 + 𝑘 = 𝑐, or 6 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Subtracting 6 from both sides of this
3
equation yields 𝑘 = 𝑐 - 6. If 𝑘 < 0, then 𝑐 - 6 < 0, or 𝑐 < 6. Since 𝑐 could be any value less than 6,
it's not necessarily true that 𝑐 < 0. Therefore, statement I isn't necessarily true. Thus, neither
I nor II must be true.
Question ID cc2601cb
Question Difficulty: Hard ID: cc2601cb
The x-intercept of the graph shown is . What is the value of ?
ID: cc2601cb Answer

Correct Answer: 7
Rationale
The correct answer is 7. It’s given that the x-intercept of the graph shown is 𝑥, 0. The graph
passes through the point 7, 0. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 is 7.
Question ID f5aa5040 Question ID 841ef26c

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 841ef26c
variables
ID: f5aa5040 The function is defined by . For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
In the xy-plane, a line with equation for some constant intersects a parabola at exactly one
point. If the parabola has equation , what is the value of ? B.
C.
ID: f5aa5040 Answer
D.
Correct Answer: 20.25, 81/4
Rationale
ID: 841ef26c Answer
81
The correct answer is . The given linear equation is 2𝑦 = 𝑐. Dividing both sides of this Correct Answer: A
4
𝑐 𝑐
equation by 2 yields 𝑦 = . Substituting for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields
2 2 Rationale
𝑐 𝑐
= - 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥. Adding 2𝑥2 and -9𝑥 to both sides of this equation yields 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + = 0. Since
2 2
it’s given that the line and the parabola intersect at exactly one point, the equation Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 5. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 64𝑥 + 262, it follows that
𝑐 2 2
2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + = 0 must have exactly one solution. An equation of the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥 + 5 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262. Expanding the quantity 𝑥 + 5 in this equation yields
2
where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are constants, has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝐵 - 4𝐴𝐶, is 2 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 25 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262. Distributing the 4 and the 64 yields
equal to 0. In the equation 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 +
𝑐 𝑐
= 0, where 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = - 9, and 𝐶 = , the discriminant is 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 40𝑥 + 100 + 64𝑥 + 320 + 262. Combining like terms yields
2 2
2 𝑐 2 𝑐
-9 - 42 . Setting the discriminant equal to 0 yields -9 - 42 = 0, or 81 - 4𝑐 = 0. Adding 4𝑐 to 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. For a quadratic function defined
2 2 2
by an equation of the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants and 𝑎 is positive,
both sides of this equation yields 81 = 4𝑐. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields
81 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum, 𝑘, when the value of 𝑥 is ℎ. The equation 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682 can
𝑐= . Note that 81/4 and 20.25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
4
be rewritten in this form by completing the square. This equation is equivalent to
Question Difficulty: Hard 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26 + 682, or 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26𝑥 + 169 - 169 + 682. This equation can be rewritten as
2 2
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 - 169 + 682, or 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 - 4169 + 682, which is equivalent to
2 2
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 + 6. This equation is in the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎 = 4, ℎ = - 13, and 𝑘 = 6
. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is -13.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥, rather than 𝑔𝑥, reaches its
minimum.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 - 5, rather than 𝑓𝑥 + 5, reaches its
minimum.
Question ID 252a3b3a
ID: 252a3b3a
Which of the following could be the equation of the graph shown in the xy-plane?
A.
B.
C.
D. msup
ID: 252a3b3a Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
1
Choice B is correct. Each of the given choices is an equation of the form 𝑦 = - 𝑥𝑥 - 𝑎𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 ,
10
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑚, and 𝑛 are positive constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of an equation of this
form has x-intercepts at 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, and 𝑥 = -𝑏. The graph shown has x-intercepts at 𝑥 = 0,
𝑥 = 4, and 𝑥 = - 5. Therefore, 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 5. Of the given choices, only choices A and B have
1 𝑛
𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 5. For an equation in the form 𝑦 = -
10
𝑥𝑥 - 𝑎𝑚 𝑥 + 𝑏 , if all values of 𝑥 that are less
Question ID cc6ccd71
than -𝑏 or greater than 𝑎 correspond to negative y-values, then the sum of all the exponents
of the factors on the right-hand side of the equation is even. In the graph shown, all values of
𝑥 less than -5 or greater than 4 correspond to negative y-values. Therefore, the sum of all the
1 𝑛
exponents of the factors on the right-hand side of the equation 𝑦 = - 𝑥𝑥 - 4𝑚 𝑥 + 5 must be
10
even. For choice A, the sum of these exponents is 1 + 1 + 1, or 3, which is odd. For choice B,
1 2
the sum of these exponents is 1 + 1 + 2, or 4, which is even. Therefore, 𝑦 = - 𝑥𝑥 - 4𝑥 + 5
10
could be the equation of the graph shown. ID: cc6ccd71
Choice A is incorrect. For the graph of this equation, all values of 𝑥 less than -5 correspond to
positive, not negative, y-values.
Choice C is incorrect. The graph of this equation has x-intercepts at 𝑥 = - 4, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 5,

rather than x-intercepts at 𝑥 = - 5, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 4.
Choice D is incorrect. The graph of this equation has x-intercepts at 𝑥 = - 4, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 5,

rather than x-intercepts at 𝑥 = - 5, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 4.
The graph of is shown, where the function is defined by

and , , , and are constants. For how many values of does ?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
ID: cc6ccd71 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If a value of 𝑥 satisfies 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 0, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 will contain a point

𝑥, 0 and thus touch the x-axis. Since there are 3 points at which this graph touches the x-
axis, there are 3 values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 0.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question ID 70482e20
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

expressions
ID: 70482e20
Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 70482e20 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The given expression can be rewritten as 11𝑥3 + -5𝑥3 . Since the two
terms of this expression are both constant multiples of 𝑥3 , they are like terms and can,
therefore, be combined through addition. Adding like terms in the expression 11𝑥3 + -5𝑥3
yields 6𝑥3 .
Choice A is incorrect. This is equivalent to 11𝑥3 + 5𝑥3 , not 11𝑥3 - 5𝑥3 .
Choice C is incorrect. This is equivalent to 11𝑥6 - 5𝑥6 , not 11𝑥3 - 5𝑥3 .
Choice D is incorrect. This is equivalent to 11𝑥6 + 5𝑥6 , not 11𝑥3 - 5𝑥3 .
Question ID 8452c42b Question ID b39d74a0

expressions
ID: b39d74a0
ID: 8452c42b
x y
0 0
A.
1 1
B.
2 8
C.
3 27
D.
The table shown includes some values of x and their
corresponding values of y. Which of the following graphs in the
ID: 8452c42b Answer xy-plane could represent the relationship between x and y ?
Correct Answer: D A.
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given expression shows addition of two like terms. Therefore, the
given expression is equivalent to 50 + 5𝑥2 , or 55𝑥2 .
Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 505𝑥2 , not 50 + 5𝑥2 .
50 2
Choice B is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 𝑥 , not 50 + 5𝑥2 .
5
B.
Choice C is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 50 - 5𝑥2 , not 50 + 5𝑥2 .
C.
Question ID ea6d05bb

expressions
D.
ID: ea6d05bb
The expression is equivalent to the expression , where , , and

are constants. What is the value of ?
ID: ea6d05bb Answer

Correct Answer: -419
ID: b39d74a0 Answer
Correct Answer: B Rationale
Rationale The correct answer is -419. It's given that the expression 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6 is equivalent to the
expression 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. Applying the distributive property to
Choice B is correct. Each pair of values shown in the table gives the ordered pair of the given expression, 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6, yields 3𝑥19𝑥 + 3𝑥6 - 2319𝑥 - 236, which can be rewritten
coordinates for a point that lies on the graph that represents the relationship between x and as 57𝑥2 + 18𝑥 - 437𝑥 - 138. Combining like terms yields 57𝑥2 - 419𝑥 - 138. Since this expression
y in the xy-plane: , , , and . Only the graph in choice B passes through the is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that the value of 𝑏 is -419.
points listed in the table that are visible in the given choices.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. None of these graphs passes through the point .
Question ID 0536ad4f Question ID 433184f1

ID: 0536ad4f ID: 433184f1
Which expression is equivalent to ? Which expression is equivalent to ?
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
D.
D.
ID: 0536ad4f Answer

ID: 433184f1 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Combining like terms inside the parentheses of the given expression, 4 1 4 -1
Choice D is correct. The expression - 𝑥 + 1 can be rewritten as + 𝑥 + 1 . To add the two
20𝑤 - 4𝑤 + 3𝑤, yields 20𝑤 - 7𝑤. Combining like terms in this resulting expression yields 13𝑤. 4𝑥 - 5 4𝑥 - 5
terms of this expression, the terms can be rewritten with a common denominator. Since
𝑥+1 4 𝑥 + 14 4𝑥 - 5 -1
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. 𝑥+1
= 1, the expression 4𝑥 - 5
can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
. Since 4𝑥 - 5 = 1, the expression 𝑥+1
4𝑥 - 5-1 4 -1
can be rewritten as . Therefore, the expression + can be rewritten as
4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1 4𝑥 - 5 𝑥+1
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. 𝑥 + 14 4𝑥 - 5-1 𝑥 + 14 + 4𝑥 - 5-1
𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
+ 4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1 , which is equivalent to 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
. Applying the distributive property to
4𝑥 + 4 + -4𝑥 + 5 4𝑥 + -4𝑥 + 4 + 5
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. each term of the numerator yields , or . Adding like terms in the
𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
9
numerator yields 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
.

Question ID d135f4bf Question ID 1d3fee25
expressions
ID: d135f4bf
ID: 1d3fee25
The function is defined by . In the xy-plane, the graph of
is the result of translating the graph of up units. What is the value of ? Which of the following is
equivalent to ?
ID: d135f4bf Answer A.

Correct Answer: 76
B.
Rationale
C.
The correct answer is 76. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the result of translating the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 up 4 units in the xy-plane. It follows that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the same as
D.
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑔𝑥 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. It's
given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6. Substituting 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4
yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 + 4. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in this equation yields
ID: 1d3fee25 Answer
𝑔0 = 0 - 60 - 20 + 6 + 4, or 𝑔0 = 76. Thus, the value of 𝑔0 is 76.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the distributive property to multiply 3 and gives

, which can be rewritten as .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from rewriting the given expression as .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from incorrectly rewriting the expression as
. Choice D is incorrect and may result from incorrectly rewriting the expression as .
Choice C is correct. The solution to the system of two equations corresponds to the point
Question ID 4ca30186 where the graphs of the equations intersect. The graphs of the linear equation and the
nonlinear equation shown intersect at the point 2, 4. Thus, the solution to the system is 2, 4.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
in one variable and
systems of Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
equations in two
variables Question Difficulty: Easy
ID: 4ca30186
The graph of a system of a linear equation and a nonlinear equation is shown. What is the solution
to this system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4ca30186 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Question ID 911383f2 Question ID d8789a4c
systems of
equations in two
variables ID: d8789a4c
ID: 911383f2
In the expression above, b and c are positive integers. If the

What is the product of the solutions to expression is equivalent to and , which of the
the given equation? following could be the value of c ?
A. A. 4
B. B. 6
C. 8
C.
D. 10
D.
ID: d8789a4c Answer

ID: 911383f2 Answer Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer: D Rationale
Rationale
Choice D is correct. By the zero-product property, if , then , Choice A is correct. If the given expression is equivalent to , then , where
, or . Solving each of these equations for yields , , or . x isn’t equal to b. Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields
The product of these solutions is . . Since the right-hand side of this equation is in factored form for the
difference of squares, the value of c must be a perfect square. Only choice A gives a perfect
Choice A is incorrect and may result from sign errors made when solving the given equation. square for the value of c.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from finding the sum, not the product, of the solutions.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from finding the sum, not the product, of the solutions in Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. None of these values of c produces a difference of squares.
addition to making sign errors when solving the given equation.
For example, when 6 is substituted for c in the given expression, the result is . The
expression can’t be factored with integer values, and therefore isn’t equivalent Question ID b80d10d7
to .
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b80d10d7
What is the solution to the

equation above?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
ID: b80d10d7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since is equivalent to 1, the right-hand side of the given equation
can be rewritten as , or . Since the left- and right-hand sides of the
equation have the same denominator, it follows that .
Applying the distributive property of multiplication to the expression yields
, or . Therefore, . Subtracting x and 2 from both sides of this
equation yields .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. If , then . This can be rewritten
Question ID d4950429
as , which is a false statement. Therefore, 0 isn’t a solution to the given equation.
Substituting 3 and 5 into the given equation yields similarly false statements.

ID: d4950429
A rectangle has a length of units and a width of units. If the rectangle has an area of
square units, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d4950429 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The area of a rectangle is equal to its length multiplied by its width.
Multiplying the given length, 𝑥 units, by the given width, 𝑥 - 15 units, yields 𝑥𝑥 - 15 square
units. If the rectangle has an area of 76 square units, it follows that 𝑥𝑥 - 15 = 76, or
𝑥2 - 15𝑥 = 76. Subtracting 76 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 15𝑥 - 76 = 0. Factoring
the left-hand side of this equation yields 𝑥 - 19𝑥 + 4 = 0. Applying the zero product property
to this equation yields two solutions: 𝑥 = 19 and 𝑥 = - 4. Since 𝑥 is the rectangle’s length, in
units, which must be positive, the value of 𝑥 is 19.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the width, in units, of the rectangle, not the value of 𝑥.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the area, in square units, of the rectangle, not the value of 𝑥.
Question ID 752055d1
ID: 752055d1
A scientist initially measures bacteria in a growth medium. hours later, the scientist
measures bacteria. Assuming exponential growth, the formula gives the
number of bacteria in the growth medium, where and are constants and is the number of
bacteria hours after the initial measurement. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 752055d1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑟𝑡
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the formula 𝑃 = 𝐶2 gives the number of bacteria in a
growth medium, where 𝑟 and 𝐶 are constants and 𝑃 is the number of bacteria 𝑡 hours after
the initial measurement. It’s also given that a scientist initially measures 12,000 bacteria in
the growth medium. Since the initial measurement is 0 hours after the initial measurement,
it follows that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑃 = 12,000. Substituting 0 for 𝑡 and 12,000 for 𝑃 in the given
𝑟0 0
equation yields 12,000 = 𝐶2 , or 12,000 = 𝐶2 , which is equivalent to 12,000 = 𝐶. It’s given
that 4 hours later, the scientist measures 24,000 bacteria, or when 𝑡 = 4, 𝑃 = 24,000.
Substituting 4 for 𝑡, 24,000 for 𝑃, and 12,000 for 𝐶 in the given equation yields
24,000 = 12,00024𝑟 . Dividing each side of this equation by 12,000 yields 2 = 24𝑟 , or 21 = 24𝑟 ,
1
which is equivalent to 1 = 4𝑟. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 4
= 𝑟. Therefore,
1
the value of 𝑟 is .
4
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of the reciprocal of 𝐶.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of the reciprocal of 𝑟.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝐶.

Question ID d0a53ef5 Question ID fcdf87b7
variables variables
ID: d0a53ef5 ID: fcdf87b7
What is the smallest solution to the given equation?

If the ordered pair satisfies the system of equations above,
ID: d0a53ef5 Answer what is one possible value of x ?
Correct Answer: -3
ID: fcdf87b7 Answer
Rationale
2 Rationale
The correct answer is -3. Squaring both sides of the given equation yields 𝑥 - 2 = 3𝑥 + 34,
which can be rewritten as 𝑥2 - 4𝑥 + 4 = 3𝑥 + 34. Subtracting 3𝑥 and 34 from both sides of this The correct answer is either 0 or 3. For an ordered pair to satisfy a system of equations, both
equation yields 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 - 30 = 0. This quadratic equation can be rewritten as 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 = 0. the x- and y-values of the ordered pair must satisfy each equation in the system. Both
According to the zero product property, 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 equals zero when either 𝑥 - 10 = 0 or expressions on the right-hand side of the given equations are equal to y, therefore it follows
𝑥 + 3 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥 yields 𝑥 = 10 or 𝑥 = - 3. Therefore, the given that both expressions on the right-hand side of the equations are equal to each other:
equation has two solutions, 10 and -3. Of these two solutions, -3 is the smallest solution to the
. This equation can be rewritten as , and then through
given equation.
factoring, the equation becomes . Because the product of the two factors is equal
Question Difficulty: Hard to 0, it can be concluded that either or , or rather, or . Note that 0
and 3 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 7
for 𝑓𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 + 51.1 yields 7 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 + 51.1. Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of
Question ID 271ffad7 this equation yields -44.1 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 . Dividing both sides of this equation by -4.9 yields
2
9 = 𝑥 - 3 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two equations: 3 = 𝑥 - 3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi and -3 = 𝑥 - 3. Adding 3 to both sides of the equation 3 = 𝑥 - 3 yields 6 = 𝑥. Adding 3 to both
sides of the equation -3 = 𝑥 - 3 yields 0 = 𝑥. Since 0 seconds after the launch represents the
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions time at which the projectile was launched, 6 must be the number of seconds the model
estimates that the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters.
ID: 271ffad7
Alternate approach: It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in
meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It's also
A quadratic function models a projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of the time,
given that the model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of 7
in seconds, after it was launched. The model estimates that the projectile was launched from an
meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground 3
initial height of meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of meters above
seconds after the launch. Since the model is quadratic, and quadratic functions are
the ground seconds after the launch. How many seconds after the launch does the model
symmetric, the model estimates that for any given height less than the maximum height, the
estimate that the projectile will return to a height of meters?
time the projectile takes to travel from the given height to the maximum height is the same
A. as the time the projectile takes to travel from the maximum height back to the given height.
Thus, since the model estimates the projectile took 3 seconds to travel from 7 meters above
B.
the ground to its maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground, the model also estimates
C. the projectile will take 3 more seconds to travel from its maximum height of 51.1 meters
above the ground back to 7 meters above the ground. Thus, the model estimates that the
D. projectile will return to a height of 7 meters 3 seconds after it reaches its maximum height,
which is 6 seconds after the launch.
ID: 271ffad7 Answer Choice A is incorrect. The model estimates that 3 seconds after the launch, the projectile
Correct Answer: B reached a height of 51.1 meters, not 7 meters.
Rationale Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice B is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It follows
that an equation representing the model can be written in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 Question Difficulty: Hard
is the projectile's estimated height above the ground, in meters, 𝑥 seconds after the launch, 𝑎
is a constant, and 𝑘 is the maximum height above the ground, in meters, the model estimates
the projectile reached ℎ seconds after the launch. It's given that the model estimates the
projectile reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground 3 seconds after the
launch. Therefore, 𝑘 = 51.1 and ℎ = 3. Substituting 51.1 for 𝑘 and 3 for ℎ in the equation
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1. It's also given that the model estimates that the
projectile was launched from an initial height of 7 meters above the ground. Therefore, when
2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 7 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 yields
7 = 𝑎0 - 32 + 51.1, or 7 = 9𝑎 + 51.1. Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of this equation yields
-44.1 = 9𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 9 yields -4.9 = 𝑎. Substituting -4.9 for 𝑎 in
the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1 yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 + 51.1. Therefore, the equation
2
𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground 𝑥 seconds
after it was launched. The number of seconds after the launch that the model estimates that
Question ID ee857afb Question ID a520ba07
expressions
ID: ee857afb
ID: a520ba07
The given equation relates the variables and . For what value of does the value of reach its
minimum? Which of the following expressions is equivalent
to the expression above?
ID: ee857afb Answer A.

Correct Answer: 7
B.
Rationale
C.
The correct answer is 7. When an equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
𝑏
constants, the value of 𝑦 reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 2𝑎 . Since the given equation is of
D.
the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = - 14, and 𝑐 = 22. Therefore, the value of 𝑦
-14
reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 21
, or 𝑥 = 7.
ID: a520ba07 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. One of the properties of radicals is . Thus, the given
expression can be rewritten as . Simplifying by taking the cube root of each part
1 2 2
gives x ⋅ y , or xy .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrect application of the
properties of exponents and radicals.
Question ID 5b6af6b1 Question ID 652054da

systems of
equations in two
ID: 5b6af6b1 variables
Which expression is equivalent to ? ID: 652054da

A.
B. An oceanographer uses the equation to model the speed
C. s, in knots, of an ocean wave, where p represents the period of the

wave, in seconds. Which of the following represents the period of
D. the wave in terms of the speed of the wave?
A.
ID: 5b6af6b1 Answer
Correct Answer: C
B.
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Applying the distributive property to the given expression yields
C.
𝑑8𝑑2 - 3 - 68𝑑2 - 3. Applying the distributive property once again to this expression yields
2 2 3 2
𝑑8𝑑 + 𝑑-3 + -68𝑑 + -6-3, or 8𝑑 + -3𝑑 + -48𝑑 + 18. This expression can be rewritten as
8𝑑3 - 48𝑑2 - 3𝑑 + 18. Thus, 𝑑 - 68𝑑2 - 3 is equivalent to 8𝑑3 - 48𝑑2 - 3𝑑 + 18. D.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. ID: 652054da Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that p represents the period of the ocean wave, so the equation
can be solved for p to represent the period of the wave in terms of the speed of the
wave. Multiplying both sides of the equation by the reciprocal of will isolate p. This
yields , which simplifies to . Therefore, .

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rearranging the
equation to solve for p.
Question ID 837e9da7
ID: 837e9da7
The function is defined by . What is the value of when ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 837e9da7 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
1 1
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = . Substituting 3 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑓3 = ,
6𝑥 63
1 1
or 𝑓3 = 18
. Therefore, when 𝑥 = 3, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 18
.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 0.5.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 1.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 1.5.
Question ID a255ae72 Question ID 3de7a7d7

systems of
equations in two
ID: a255ae72 variables
If and , which of the ID: 3de7a7d7
following is equal to ?
Which of the following is a solution to the
A. equation ?
A. 1
B.
B. 2
C.
C. 3
D.
D. 4
ID: a255ae72 Answer ID: 3de7a7d7 Answer

Correct Answer: B Correct Answer: B
Rationale Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that and . Using the distributive property,
2 2
Choice B is correct. Subtracting x from both sides of the given equation yields x – 4 = 0.
2
Adding 4 to both sides of the equation gives x = 4. Taking the square root of both sides of
the expression can be rewritten as . Substituting and
the equation gives x = 2 or x = –2. Therefore, x = 2 is one solution to the original equation.
for and , respectively, in this expression yields
2 2
Alternative approach: Subtracting x from both sides of the given equation yields x – 4 = 0.
. Expanding this expression yields 2
Factoring this equation gives x – 4 = (x + 2)(x – 2) = 0, such that x = 2 or x = –2. Therefore, x
. Combining like terms, this = 2 is one solution to the original equation.
expression can be rewritten as .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of computation errors.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from an error in using the distributive Question Difficulty: Easy
property, substituting, or combining like terms.

Question ID 70f98ab4 Question ID 2c05d312
variables variables
ID: 70f98ab4 ID: 2c05d312
The given equation relates the positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in In the given equation, and are positive constants. The product of the solutions to the given
terms of and ? equation is , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
D. D.
ID: 70f98ab4 Answer ID: 2c05d312 Answer

Correct Answer: B Correct Answer: A
Rationale Rationale
Choice B is correct. Adding 29𝑟 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑞 = 𝑠 + 29𝑟. Choice A is correct. The left-hand side of the given equation is the expression
Therefore, the equation 𝑞 = 𝑠 + 29𝑟 correctly expresses 𝑞 in terms of 𝑟 and 𝑠. 57𝑥2 + 57𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Applying the distributive property to this expression yields
57𝑥2 + 57𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Since the first two terms of this expression have a common factor of
57𝑥 and the last two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑎, this expression can
be rewritten as 57𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Since the two terms of this expression have a common
factor of 𝑥 + 𝑏, it can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎. Therefore, the given equation can be
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. By the zero product property, it follows that 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 or
57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. Subtracting 𝑏 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 𝑏. Subtracting
Question Difficulty: Easy 𝑎 from both sides of the equation 57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 yields 57𝑥 = - 𝑎. Dividing both sides of this
-𝑎 -𝑎
equation by 57 yields 𝑥 = . Therefore, the solutions to the given equation are -𝑏 and . It
57 57
-𝑎 𝑎𝑏
follows that the product of the solutions of the given equation is -𝑏 57 , or 57
. It’s given that the
𝑎𝑏
product of the solutions of the given equation is 𝑘𝑎𝑏. It follows that = 𝑘𝑎𝑏, which can also
57
1
be written as 𝑎𝑏 57 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘. It’s given that 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. Therefore, dividing
1 1 1
both sides of the equation 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘 by 𝑎𝑏 yields = 𝑘. Thus, the value of 𝑘 is .
57 57 57
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question ID 1fe32f7d
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1fe32f7d
In the given equation, is a positive integer. The equation has no real solution. What is the greatest
possible value of ?
ID: 1fe32f7d Answer

Correct Answer: 51
Rationale
The correct answer is 51. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
2
are constants, has no real solution if and only if its discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 , is negative. In the
given equation, 𝑎 = - 1 and 𝑐 = - 676. Substituting -1 for 𝑎 and -676 for 𝑐 in this expression
yields a discriminant of 𝑏2 - 4-1-676, or 𝑏2 - 2,704. Since this value must be negative,
2 2
𝑏 - 2,704 < 0, or 𝑏 < 2,704. Taking the positive square root of each side of this inequality
yields 𝑏 < 52. Since 𝑏 is a positive integer, and the greatest integer less than 52 is 51, the
greatest possible value of 𝑏 is 51.

Question ID a45ffacb Question ID 95ed0b69
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations
in one variable and
systems of
ID: a45ffacb equations in two
variables
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph
of has a y-intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ID: 95ed0b69
?
ID: a45ffacb Answer The given equation relates the distinct positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly
expresses in terms of and ?
Correct Answer: 5
A.
Rationale
B.
The correct answer is 5. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 yields 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 is C.
99 99
0, - 7
. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - 7 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15 yields
-
99
= - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 15, which is equivalent to -
99
= - 1 + 𝑏 - 15, or -
99
= 𝑏 - 16. Adding 16 to both D.
7 7 7
13 65 65
sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = .
7 7 7
13 13 65
Substituting 7
for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎 7 = 7
. Dividing both sides of this equation by ID: 95ed0b69 Answer
13
yields 𝑎 = 5.
7 Correct Answer: A
Question Difficulty: Hard Rationale
Choice A is correct. To express 4𝑗 + 9 in terms of 𝑝 and 𝑘, the given equation must be solved
for 4𝑗 + 9. Since it's given that 𝑗 is a positive number, 4𝑗 + 9 is not equal to zero. Therefore,
multiplying both sides of the given equation by 4𝑗 + 9 yields the equivalent equation
𝑝4𝑗 + 9 = 𝑘. Since it's given that 𝑝 is a positive number, 𝑝 is not equal to zero. Therefore,
𝑘
dividing each side of the equation 𝑝4𝑗 + 9 = 𝑘 by 𝑝 yields the equivalent equation 4𝑗 + 9 = 𝑝 .
4𝑗 + 9
Choice B is incorrect. This equation is equivalent to 𝑝 = .
𝑘
Choice C is incorrect. This equation is equivalent to 𝑝 = 𝑘 - 4𝑗 - 9.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation is equivalent to 𝑝 = 𝑘4𝑗 + 9.
Question ID 463eec13 Question ID 341ba5db

expressions
ID: 341ba5db
ID: 463eec13
If , which of the following expressions is What is the minimum value of the given function?
A.
equivalent to ?
B.
A. C.
B. D.
C.
ID: 341ba5db Answer
D. Correct Answer: B
Rationale
ID: 463eec13 Answer Choice B is correct. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form
2
Correct Answer: D 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants and 𝑎 > 0, the minimum value of the function
is 𝑘. In the given function, 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = 0, and 𝑘 = 55. Therefore, the minimum value of the given
Rationale
function is 55.
Choice D is correct. Taking the square root of an exponential expression halves the exponent,
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which the given function reaches its
minimum value, not the minimum value of the function.
so , which further reduces to . This can be rewritten as .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from neglecting the denominator of the given
expression and from incorrectly calculating the square root of 16. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from rewriting as rather than . Choice C is incorrect and may result
from taking the square root of the variables in the numerator twice instead of once.

Question ID 18e35375 Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 18e35375
The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 18e35375 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, which can be rewritten as
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266. Since the coefficient of the 𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the
xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at its vertex. The x-coordinate of the
vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an equation in the form
𝑏
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - . For the
2𝑎
equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, and 𝑐 = - 266. It follows that the x-coordinate of the
5 5 5
vertex is - , or - . Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
21 2 2
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint
between the two x-intercepts of the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, it follows
that the two x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occur when 𝑥 = 14 and
𝑥 = - 19, or at the points 14, 0 and -19, 0. The midpoint between two points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 14 + -19 0 + 0 5
, . Therefore, the midpoint between 14, 0 and -19, 0 is , , or - , 0. It follows
2 2 2 2 2
5
that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - 2 .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the
xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Question ID c303ad23 Question ID 6e02cd78

variables variables
ID: c303ad23 ID: 6e02cd78
If , what is the value of ? In the xy-plane, what is the y-coordinate of the point of
intersection of the graphs of and ?
ID: c303ad23 Answer
Correct Answer: 5 ID: 6e02cd78 Answer
Rationale
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. Dividing each side of the given equation by 3 yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 - 5 = 0.
The correct answer is 1. The point of intersection of the graphs of the given equations is the
Adding 5 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 = 5. Therefore, if 3𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 15 = 0, the
value of 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 is 5. solution to the system of the two equations. Since and , it follows that
, or . Applying the distributive property to the left-

hand side of this equation yields . Subtracting from and adding 3 to
both sides of this equation yields . Factoring the left-hand side of this
equation yields . By the zero product property, if , it follows

that . Adding 2 to both sides of yields . Substituting 2 for x in either
of the given equations yields . For example, substituting 2 for x in the second given
equation yields , or . Therefore, the point of intersection of the graphs of the
given equations is . The y-coordinate of this point is 1.

Question ID b5c43226 Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

ID: b5c43226
What is the y-intercept of the graph shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b5c43226 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point at which the graph
crosses the y-axis. The graph shown crosses the y-axis at the point 0, 2. Therefore, the y-
intercept of the graph shown is 0, 2.
discriminant is equal to ; therefore, . Simplifying the left

Question ID 7bd10ef3 side of the inequality gives . Subtracting 16 from both sides of the inequality and
then dividing both sides by 8 gives . Of the values given in the options, is the only
value that is less than . Therefore, choice A must be the correct answer.

in one variable and Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from a misconception about how to use the
systems of discriminant to determine the number of solutions of a quadratic equation in one variable.
equations in two
variables Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 7bd10ef3
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the equation has no real

solutions, which of the following could be the value of t ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7bd10ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The number of solutions to any quadratic equation in the form
, where a, b, and c are constants, can be found by evaluating the expression
, which is called the discriminant. If the value of is a positive number, then
there will be exactly two real solutions to the equation. If the value of is zero, then
there will be exactly one real solution to the equation. Finally, if the value of is
negative, then there will be no real solutions to the equation.
The given equation is a quadratic equation in one variable, where t is a constant.
Subtracting t from both sides of the equation gives . In this form, ,

, and . The values of t for which the equation has no real solutions are the
same values of t for which the discriminant of this equation is a negative value. The
Choice A is incorrect. This is the x-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane that intersects the x-
Question ID e166aca6 axis at 𝑥 = - 5, not 𝑥 = 4.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the x-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane that intersects the x-
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi axis at 𝑥 = 5, not 𝑥 = 4.
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions Choice C is incorrect. This is the x-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane that intersects the x-
axis at 𝑥 = - 4, not 𝑥 = 4.
ID: e166aca6 Question Difficulty: Easy
What is the x-intercept of the graph shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e166aca6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The x-intercept of the graph shown is the point 𝑥, 𝑦 on the graph where
𝑦 = 0. At 𝑦 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑥 is 4. Therefore, the x-intercept of the graph
shown is 4, 0.
Question ID 11ccf3e1 Question ID 50e40f08

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 50e40f08
variables
ID: 11ccf3e1 If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is the x-coordinate of an x-
intercept of the graph?
The given equation relates the numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms ID: 50e40f08 Answer
of and ?
Correct Answer: -6, 4
A.
Rationale
B.
The correct answer is either -6 or 4. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points
C. where 𝑦 = 0. Thus, for an x-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, 0 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 0 for 𝑓𝑥 in the
equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 - 4 yields 0 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 - 4. By the zero product property, 𝑥 + 6 = 0 and
D.
𝑥 - 4 = 0. Subtracting 6 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 6 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 6. Adding 4 to
both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 4 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 4. Therefore, the x-coordinates of the x-
intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 are -6 and 4. Note that -6 and 4 are examples of ways to
ID: 11ccf3e1 Answer
enter a correct answer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale Question Difficulty: Medium
Choice A is correct. Subtracting 14𝑗 from each side of the given equation results in
𝑚 - 14𝑗
5𝑘 = 𝑚 - 14𝑗. Dividing each side of this equation by 5 results in 𝑘 = 5 .

Question ID 03ff48d2 Question ID 13e57f0a
variables variables
ID: 03ff48d2 ID: 13e57f0a
In the given equation, is an integer constant. If the equation has no real solution, what is the least What is the positive solution to the given equation?
possible value of ?
A.
B.
ID: 03ff48d2 Answer
Correct Answer: 50 C.
Rationale D.
The correct answer is 50. An equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
ID: 13e57f0a Answer
2
constants, has no real solutions if and only if its discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is negative. Applying
the distributive property to the left-hand side of the equation 𝑥𝑘𝑥 - 56 = - 16 yields
Correct Answer: B
𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 = - 16. Adding 16 to each side of this equation yields 𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 + 16 = 0. Substituting
2
𝑘 for 𝑎, -56 for 𝑏, and 16 for 𝑐 in 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields a discriminant of -56 - 4𝑘16, or 3,136 - 64𝑘. If the Rationale
given equation has no real solution, it follows that the value of 3,136 - 64𝑘 must be negative.
Choice B is correct. Multiplying each side of the given equation by -16 yields
Therefore, 3,136 - 64𝑘 < 0. Adding 64𝑘 to both sides of this inequality yields 3,136 < 64𝑘.
64𝑥2 + 112𝑥 = 576. To complete the square, adding 49 to each side of this equation yields
Dividing both sides of this inequality by 64 yields 49 < 𝑘, or 𝑘 > 49. Since it's given that 𝑘 is 2
64𝑥2 + 112𝑥 + 49 = 576 + 49, or 8𝑥 + 7 = 625. Taking the square root of each side of this
an integer, the least possible value of 𝑘 is 50.
equation yields two equations: 8𝑥 + 7 = 25 and 8𝑥 + 7 = - 25. Subtracting 7 from each side of
18
Question Difficulty: Hard the equation 8𝑥 + 7 = 25 yields 8𝑥 = 18. Dividing each side of this equation by 8 yields 𝑥 = 8
,
9 9
or 𝑥 = 4 . Therefore, 4
is a solution to the given equation. Subtracting 7 from each side of the
equation 8𝑥 + 7 = - 25 yields 8𝑥 = - 32. Dividing each side of this equation by 8 yields 𝑥 = - 4.
9 9 9
Therefore, the given equation has two solutions, 4
and -4. Since 4
is positive, it follows that 4
is the positive solution to the given equation.
Alternate approach: Adding 4𝑥2 and 7𝑥 to each side of the given equation yields
0 = 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 - 36. The right-hand side of this equation can be rewritten as 4𝑥2 + 16𝑥 - 9𝑥 - 36.
Factoring out the common factor of 4𝑥 from the first two terms of this expression and the
common factor of -9 from the second two terms yields 4𝑥𝑥 + 4 - 9𝑥 + 4. Factoring out the
common factor of 𝑥 + 4 from these two terms yields the expression 4𝑥 - 9𝑥 + 4. Since this
expression is equal to 0, it follows that either 4𝑥 - 9 = 0 or 𝑥 + 4 = 0. Adding 9 to each side of
9
the equation 4𝑥 - 9 = 0 yields 4𝑥 = 9. Dividing each side of this equation by 4 yields 𝑥 = 4 .
Question ID be0c419e
9
Therefore, is a positive solution to the given equation. Subtracting 4 from each side of the
4
9
equation 𝑥 + 4 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 4. Therefore, the given equation has two solutions, 4
and -4.
9 9
Since is positive, it follows that is the positive solution to the given equation.
4 4 Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
7 49
Choice A is incorrect. Substituting 4
for 𝑥 in the given equation yields -2 = - 36, which is
false.
Choice C is incorrect. Substituting 4 for 𝑥 in the given equation yields -92 = - 36, which is ID: be0c419e
false.
Immanuel purchased a certain rare coin on January 1. The function , where

Choice D is incorrect. Substituting 7 for 𝑥 in the given equation yields -245 = - 36, which is
, gives the predicted value, in dollars, of the rare coin years after Immanuel purchased
false.
it. What is the best interpretation of the statement “ is approximately equal to ” in this
Question Difficulty: Medium context?
A. When the rare coin's predicted value is approximately dollars, it is greater than the
predicted value, in dollars, on January 1 of the previous year.
B. When the rare coin’s predicted value is approximately dollars, it is times the predicted
value, in dollars, on January 1 of the previous year.
C. From the day Immanuel purchased the rare coin to years after Immanuel purchased the coin,
its predicted value increased by a total of approximately dollars.
D. years after Immanuel purchased the rare coin, its predicted value is approximately dollars.
ID: be0c419e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the function 𝑓𝑥 = 651.03𝑥 gives the predicted value, in
dollars, of a certain rare coin 𝑥 years after Immanuel purchased it. It follows that 𝑓𝑥
represents the predicted value, in dollars, of the coin 𝑥 years after Immanuel purchased it.
Since the value of 𝑓8 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 8, it follows that “𝑓8 is approximately equal
to 82” means that 𝑓𝑥 is approximately equal to 82 when 𝑥 = 8. Therefore, the best
interpretation of the statement “𝑓8 is approximately equal to 82” in this context is 8 years
after Immanuel purchased the rare coin, its predicted value is approximately 82 dollars.

Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the
Question ID ce579859 estimated number of squirrels was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at
the end of the previous year, and the estimated number of squirrels at the end of 2015, not
the end of 2016, was 180.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a model where the estimated number of
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions squirrels at the end of 2015, not the end of 2016, was 180.

ID: ce579859
A model estimates that at the end of each year from to , the number of squirrels in a
population was more than the number of squirrels in the population at the end of the
previous year. The model estimates that at the end of , there were squirrels in the
population. Which of the following equations represents this model, where is the estimated
number of squirrels in the population years after the end of and ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: ce579859 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the model estimates that the number of squirrels in the population
increased by a fixed percentage, 150%, each year, the model can be represented by an
𝑝 𝑡
exponential equation of the form 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 , where 𝑎 is the estimated number of squirrels
in the population at the end of 2015, and the model estimates that at the end of each year, the
number is 𝑝% more than the number at the end of the previous year. Since the model
estimates that at the end of each year, the number was 150% more than the number at the
𝑝 𝑡
end of the previous year, 𝑝 = 150. Substituting 150 for 𝑝 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 yields
150 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝑛 = 𝑎1 +
100
, which is equivalent to 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 1.5 , or 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 . It’s given that the estimated
number of squirrels at the end of 2016 was 180. This means that when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑛 = 180.
𝑡 1
Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 180 for 𝑛 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 180 = 𝑎2.5 , or 180 = 2.5𝑎.
Dividing each side of this equation by 2.5 yields 72 = 𝑎. Substituting 72 for 𝑎 in the equation
𝑡 𝑡
𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 𝑛 = 722.5 .
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the
estimated number of squirrels was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at
the end of the previous year.
Question ID 5355c0ef Question ID 2f51abc2

expressions
ID: 2f51abc2
ID: 5355c0ef
The function is defined by the given equation. For which of the following values of does
The given expression can be rewritten as , where is a constant. What is the ?
value of ?
A.
ID: 5355c0ef Answer B.
Correct Answer: .09, 9/100 C.
Rationale D.
The correct answer is .09 . It's given that the expression 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be
rewritten as 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13. Applying the distributive property to the expression ID: 2f51abc2 Answer
𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13 yields 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. Therefore, 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as
Correct Answer: A
4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. It follows that in the expressions + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 and
0.36𝑥2 4𝑎𝑥2
+ 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎,
the coefficients of 𝑥2 are equivalent, the coefficients of 𝑥 are equivalent, and the constant Rationale
terms are equivalent. Therefore, 0.36 = 4𝑎, 0.63 = 7𝑎, and 1.17 = 13𝑎. Solving any of these
equations for 𝑎 yields the value of 𝑎. Dividing both sides of the equation 0.36 = 4𝑎 by 4 yields Choice A is correct. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 can be found by substituting 𝑘 for 𝑥 and
0.09 = 𝑎. Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is 0.09. Note that .09 and 9/100 are examples of ways to 3𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in the given equation, 𝑓𝑥 = 59 - 2𝑥, which yields 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘. For this equation to be
enter a correct answer. true, either -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 or 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘. Adding 2𝑘 to both sides of the equation -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘
yields -𝑘 = 59. Dividing both sides of this equation by -1 yields 𝑘 = - 59. To check whether -59
Question Difficulty: Hard is the value of 𝑘, substituting -59 for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 3-59 = 59 - 2-59,
which is equivalent to -177 = 177, or -177 = 177, which isn't a true statement. Therefore, -59
isn't the value of 𝑘. Adding 2𝑘 to both sides of the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 5𝑘 = 59.
59 59
Dividing both sides of this equation by 5 yields 𝑘 = . To check whether is the value of 𝑘,
5 5
59 59 59
substituting 5
for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 3 5 = 59 - 2 5 , which is equivalent to
177 177 177 177
= , or = , which is a true statement. Therefore, the value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 is
5 5 5 5
59
5
.

Question ID 17d0e87d Question ID a1bf1c4e
systems of
equations in two
variables ID: a1bf1c4e
ID: 17d0e87d
The given equation relates the distinct positive real numbers , , and . Which equation correctly 2
A. (x + 3) +5
2
A. B. (x + 3) –5
2
C. (x – 3) +5
B.
2
D. (x – 3) –5
C. msup
D. msup
ID: a1bf1c4e Answer
Correct Answer: B
ID: 17d0e87d Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Choice B is correct. The given quadratic expression is in standard form, and each answer
Rationale
choice is in vertex form. Completing the square converts the expression from standard form
Choice C is correct. Dividing each side of the given equation by 2 yields
14𝑥 2√𝑤 + 19
, or to vertex form. The first step is to rewrite the expression as follows:
=
14𝑦 2
𝑥 . The first three terms of the revised expression can be
𝑦
= √𝑤 + 19 . Because it's given that each of the variables is positive, squaring each side of
𝑥2 rewritten as a perfect square as follows: . Combining the
this equation yields the equivalent equation 𝑦
= 𝑤 + 19. Subtracting 19 from each side of
𝑥2 𝑥2
this equation yields 𝑦
- 19 = 𝑤, or 𝑤 = 𝑦
- 19. constant terms gives .
Choice A is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation. Choice A is incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the expression in choice A
gives . Combining like terms gives , not . Choice C is
Choice B is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.
incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the expression in choice C gives
Choice D is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation. . Combining like terms gives , not . Choice D is
Question Difficulty: Hard incorrect. Squaring the binomial and simplifying the expression in choice D gives
. Combining like terms gives , not .
Question ID c81b6c57

expressions
ID: c81b6c57
In the expression , p is a constant.
This expression is equivalent to the expression .
What is the value of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c81b6c57 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the first given expression can be
2 2
rewritten as 6x + 3px + 24 – 16px – 64x + 24, and then rewritten as 6x + (3p – 16p – 64)x +
2 2
24. Since the expression 6x + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24 is equivalent to 6x – 155x + 24, the
coefficients of the x terms from each expression are equivalent to each other; thus 3p – 16p –
64 = –155. Combining like terms gives –13p – 64 = –155. Adding 64 to both sides of the
equation gives –13p = –71. Dividing both sides of the equation by –13 yields p = 7.
2
Choice A is incorrect. If p = –3, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x – 25x +
2
24. Choice C is incorrect. If p = 13, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x – 233x
2
+ 24. Choice D is incorrect. If p = 155, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x –
2,079x + 24.

Question ID 802549ac

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 802549ac
Which of the following is a solution to

the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 802549ac Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Applying the distributive property on the left- and right-hand sides of
the given equation yields , or
. Subtracting from and adding to both sides of this equation
yields . Subtracting 6 from both sides of this equation and then dividing both
sides by 10 yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Substituting 0, , or for x in the given equation will
result in a false statement. If , the given equation becomes ; if , the given
equation becomes ; and if , the given equation becomes . Therefore, the
values 0, , and aren’t solutions to the given equation.
Question ID a4f61d75 Question ID a31417d1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: a31417d1
variables
From 2005 through 2014, the number of music CDs sold in the
ID: a4f61d75 United States declined each year by approximately 15% of the
number sold the preceding year. In 2005, approximately 600
million CDs were sold in the United States. Of the following, which
best models C, the number of millions of CDs sold in the United
In the equation above, a is a constant and . If the equation
States, t years after 2005?
has two integer solutions, what is a possible value of a ?
A.
ID: a4f61d75 Answer B.
Rationale
C.
The correct answer is either 7, 8, or 13. Since the given equation has two integer solutions,
the expression on the left-hand side of this equation can be factored as , where D.
c and d are also integers. The product of c and d must equal the constant term of the original
quadratic expression, which is 12. Additionally, the sum of c and d must be a negative
ID: a31417d1 Answer
number since it’s given that , but the sign preceding a in the given equation is negative.
Correct Answer: B
The possible pairs of values for c and d that satisfy both of these conditions are and ,
Rationale
and , and and . Since the value of is the sum of c and d, the possible
values of are , , and . It follows that Choice B is correct. A model for a quantity C that decreases by a certain percentage per time
the possible values of a are 7, 8, and 13. Note that 7, 8, and 13 are examples of ways to enter a
correct answer. period t is an exponential equation in the form , where I is the initial value
at time for r% annual decline. It’s given that C is the number of millions of CDs sold in
the United States and that t is the number of years after 2005. It’s also given that 600 million
CDs were sold at time , so . This number declines by 15% per year, so .
Substituting these values into the equation produces , or
Choice A is incorrect and may result from errors made when representing the percent
decline. Choices C and D are incorrect. These equations model exponential increases in CD
sales, not exponential decreases.
Question Difficulty: Medium Question ID 66bce0c1


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 66bce0c1
What is the solution set of the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 66bce0c1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting 4 from both sides of isolates the radical
expression on the left side of the equation as follows: . Squaring both sides of
yields . This equation can be rewritten as a quadratic
equation in standard form: . One way to solve this quadratic equation is to
factor the expression by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a
product of . These numbers are and 1. So the quadratic equation can be factored as
. It follows that 5 and are the solutions to the quadratic equation.
However, the solutions must be verified by checking whether 5 and satisfy the original
equation, . When , the original equation gives
, or , which is false. Therefore, does not satisfy the
original equation. When , the original equation gives , or , Question ID 97e50fa2

which is true. Therefore, is the only solution to the original equation, and so the
solution set is .

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these sets contains at least one value that in one variable and
results in a false statement when substituted into the given equation. For instance, in choice systems of
equations in two
D, when 0 is substituted for x into the given equation, the result is , or variables
. This is not a true statement, so 0 is not a solution to the given equation.
ID: 97e50fa2
The graph of the function f, defined by ,
is shown in the xy-plane above. If the function g (not shown) is

defined by , what is one possible value of a such
that ?
ID: 97e50fa2 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 2 or 8. Substituting in the definitions for f and g gives
and , respectively. If , then
. Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation gives
. Multiplying both sides by gives . Expanding
gives . Combining the like terms on one side of the equation gives
. One way to solve this equation is to factor by identifying
two numbers with a sum of and a product of 16. These numbers are and , so the
quadratic equation can be factored as . Therefore, the possible values of a
are either 2 or 8. Note that 2 and 8 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer. Question ID 6d04c89d
Alternate approach: Graphically, the condition implies the graphs of the
functions and intersect at . The graph is given, and the
graph of may be sketched as a line with y-intercept 10 and a slope of (taking SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent
expressions
care to note the different scales on each axis). These two graphs intersect at and .
Question Difficulty: Hard ID: 6d04c89d
The expression is equivalent to , where b is a constant and . What is the value of b?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6d04c89d Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since the given expressions are equivalent and the numerator of the
1
second expression is 6
of the numerator of the first expression, the denominator of the
1
second expression must also be of the denominator of the first expression. By the
6
1 1 1
distributive property, 6
6𝑥 + 42 is equivalent to 6 6𝑥 + 6 42, or 𝑥 + 7. Therefore, the value of 𝑏 is
7.
Question ID ebb717ab Question ID 9afe2370

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 9afe2370
variables
The population P of a certain city y years after the last census is modeled by the equation
below, where r is a constant and is the population when .
ID: ebb717ab
If during this time the population of the city decreases by a fixed

In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no real solutions if . What is the least
percent each year, which of the following must be true?
possible value of ?
A.
ID: ebb717ab Answer B.

Correct Answer: 289
C.
Rationale
The correct answer is 289. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 D.
2
are constants, has no real solutions when the value of the discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is less than 0
. In the given equation, 𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = - 34. Therefore, the discriminant of the
2
given equation can be expressed as -34 - 41𝑐, or 1,156 - 4𝑐. It follows that the given equation ID: 9afe2370 Answer
has no real solutions when 1,156 - 4𝑐 < 0. Adding 4𝑐 to both sides of this inequality yields Correct Answer: B
1,156 < 4𝑐. Dividing both sides of this inequality by 4 yields 289 < 𝑐, or 𝑐 > 289. It's given that
Rationale
the equation 𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has no real solutions when 𝑐 > 𝑛. Therefore, the least possible
value of 𝑛 is 289. Choice B is correct. The term (1 + r) represents a percent change. Since the population is
decreasing, the percent change must be between 0% and 100%. When the percent change is
expressed as a decimal rather than as a percent, the percentage change must be between 0
and 1. Because (1 + r) represents percent change, this can be expressed as 0 < 1 + r < 1.
Subtracting 1 from all three terms of this compound inequality results in –1 < r < 0.
Choice A is incorrect. If r < –1, then after 1 year, the population P would be a negative value,
which is not possible. Choices C and D are incorrect. For any value of r > 0, 1 + r > 1, and the
exponential function models growth for positive values of the exponent. This contradicts the
given information that the population is decreasing.

Question ID 60fdb4d4 Question ID ad376f1a
expressions
ID: ad376f1a
ID: 60fdb4d4
Which expression is equivalent to

?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 60fdb4d4 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given expression can be rewritten as The graph of is shown in the xy-plane. What is the value of ?
. Combining like terms yields . A.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of errors when applying the B.
distributive property. C.
Question Difficulty: Easy D.
ID: ad376f1a Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Because the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is shown, the value of 𝑓0 is the value of 𝑦 on
the graph that corresponds with 𝑥 = 0. When 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑦 is 3.
Therefore, the value of 𝑓0 is 3.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Question ID db888cd6
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

ID: db888cd6
The graph gives the estimated number of catalogs , in thousands, a company sent to its customers
at the end of each year, where represents the number of years since the end of , where
. Which statement is the best interpretation of the y-intercept in this context?
A. The estimated total number of catalogs the company sent to its customers during the first
years was .
B. The estimated total number of catalogs the company sent to its customers from the end of
to the end of was .
C. The estimated number of catalogs the company sent to its customers at the end of was .
D. The estimated number of catalogs the company sent to its customers at the end of was
.
ID: db888cd6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of the graph is the point at which the graph crosses the Question ID 6ecdbcb4
y-axis, or the point for which the value of 𝑥 is 0. Therefore, the y-intercept of the given graph
is the point 0, 9. It's given that 𝑥 represents the number of years since the end of 1992. Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
Therefore, 𝑥 = 0 represents 0 years since the end of 1992, which is the same as the end of
1992. It's also given that 𝑦 represents the estimated number of catalogs, in thousands, that SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
the company sent to its customers at the end of the year. Therefore, 𝑦 = 9 represents 9,000
catalogs. It follows that the y-intercept 0, 9 means that the estimated number of catalogs the
ID: 6ecdbcb4
company sent to its customers at the end of 1992 was 9,000.

The function is given. Which table of values represents ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6ecdbcb4 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = ( 𝑥 + 6 ) ( 𝑥 + 5 ) ( 𝑥 - 4 ) and 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3. Substituting Question ID 7cb3a8ee

( 𝑥 + 6 ) ( 𝑥 + 5 ) ( 𝑥 - 4 ) for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3 yields
𝑦 = ( 𝑥 + 6 ) ( 𝑥 + 5 ) ( 𝑥 - 4 ) - 3. Substituting -6 for 𝑥 in this equation yields Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
𝑦 = ( - 6 + 6 ) ( - 6 + 5 ) ( - 6 - 4 ) - 3, or 𝑦 = - 3. Substituting -5 for 𝑥 in the equation
𝑦 = ( 𝑥 + 6 ) ( 𝑥 + 5 ) ( 𝑥 - 4 ) - 3 yields 𝑦 = ( - 5 + 6 ) ( - 5 + 5 ) ( - 5 - 4 ) - 3, or 𝑦 = - 3. SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations
Substituting 4 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 + 6 ) ( 𝑥 + 5 ) ( 𝑥 - 4 ) - 3 yields in one variable and
systems of
𝑦 = ( 4 + 6 ) ( 4 + 5 ) ( 4 - 4 ) - 3, or 𝑦 = - 3. Therefore, when 𝑥 = - 6 then 𝑦 = - 3, when 𝑥 = - 5
equations in two
then 𝑦 = - 3, and when 𝑥 = 4 then 𝑦 = - 3. Thus, the table of values in choice B represents variables
𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3.
Choice A is incorrect. This table represents 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 3 rather than 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3. ID: 7cb3a8ee
Choice C is incorrect. This table represents 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 rather than 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3.

What is one possible solution to the given equation?
Choice D is incorrect. This table represents 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 3 rather than 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) - 3.
Question Difficulty: Medium ID: 7cb3a8ee Answer

Correct Answer: 15, -5
Rationale
The correct answer is 15 or -5. By the definition of absolute value, if 𝑥 - 5 = 10, then 𝑥 - 5 = 10
or 𝑥 - 5 = - 10. Adding 5 to both sides of the first equation yields 𝑥 = 15. Adding 5 to both
sides of the second equation yields 𝑥 = - 5. Thus, the given equation has two possible
solutions, 15 and -5. Note that 15 and -5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 203774bc Question Difficulty: Medium
ID: 203774bc
The product of two positive integers is . If the first integer is greater than twice the second
integer, what is the smaller of the two integers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 203774bc Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let 𝑥 be the first integer and let 𝑦 be the second integer. If the first integer
is 11 greater than twice the second integer, then 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 11. If the product of the two
integers is 546, then 𝑥𝑦 = 546. Substituting 2𝑦 + 11 for 𝑥 in this equation results in
2𝑦 + 11𝑦 = 546. Distributing the 𝑦 to both terms in the parentheses results in 2𝑦2 + 11𝑦 = 546.
Subtracting 546 from both sides of this equation results in 2𝑦2 + 11𝑦 - 546 = 0. The left-hand
side of this equation can be factored by finding two values whose product is 2-546, or -1,092,
and whose sum is 11. The two values whose product is -1,092 and whose sum is 11 are 39 and
-28. Thus, the equation 2𝑦2 + 11𝑦 - 546 = 0 can be rewritten as 2𝑦2 + 28𝑦 - 39𝑦 - 546 = 0, which
is equivalent to 2𝑦𝑦 - 14 + 39𝑦 - 14 = 0, or 2𝑦 + 39𝑦 - 14 = 0. By the zero product property, it
follows that 2𝑦 + 39 = 0 and 𝑦 - 14 = 0. Subtracting 39 from both sides of the equation
39
2𝑦 + 39 = 0 yields 2𝑦 = - 39. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 𝑦 = - . Since 𝑦 is
2
39
a positive integer, the value of 𝑦 is not - . Adding 14 to both sides of the equation 𝑦 - 14 = 0
2
yields 𝑦 = 14. Substituting 14 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑥𝑦 = 546 yields 𝑥14 = 546. Dividing both
sides of this equation by 14 results in 𝑥 = 39. Therefore, the two integers are 14 and 39, so the
smaller of the two integers is 14.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the larger of the two integers.
Question ID b7c74b73 Question ID 3d12b1e0

in one variable and
systems of
ID: b7c74b73 equations in two
variables
The function gives the value, in dollars, of a certain piece of equipment after months of use. If ID: 3d12b1e0
the value of the equipment decreases each year by of its value the preceding year, what is the
value of ?
A. In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
B.
ID: 3d12b1e0 Answer
C.
Correct Answer: -1
D. Rationale
The correct answer is -1. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
ID: b7c74b73 Answer 2
are constants, has exactly one solution when its discriminant, 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to 0. In the
Correct Answer: C given equation, -16𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = - 16 and 𝑏 = - 8. Substituting -16 for 𝑎 and -8 for 𝑏 in
𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields -82 - 4-16𝑐, or 64 + 64𝑐. Since the given equation has exactly one solution,
Rationale
64 + 64𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑐 = - 64. Dividing both
𝑥
Choice C is correct. For a function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑘 , where 𝑎, 𝑟, and 𝑘 are constants and sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑐 = - 1. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -1.
𝑟 < 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 1001 - 𝑟% for every increase of 𝑥 by 𝑘. In the given function,
𝑎 = 5,470, 𝑟 = 0.64, and 𝑘 = 12. Therefore, for the given function, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by
1001 - 0.64%, or 36%, for every increase of 𝑥 by 12. Since 𝑓𝑥 represents the value, in dollars, of
the equipment after 𝑥 months of use, it follows that the value of the equipment decreases
every 12 months by 36% of its value the preceding 12 months. Since there are 12 months in a
year, the value of the equipment decreases each year by 36% of its value the preceding year.
Thus, the value of 𝑝 is 36.

Question ID 2c88af4d For example, for and , the value of the given expression is ; the values of the

choices, however, are , , and 1, respectively.

expressions Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 2c88af4d
The expression , where and , is
equivalent to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c88af4d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For and , and are equivalent to and ,
respectively. Also, and are equivalent to and , respectively. Therefore, the
given expression can be rewritten as .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because these choices are not equivalent to the given
expression for and .
Question ID c4cd5bcc Question ID 062f86db

in one variable and
systems of
ID: c4cd5bcc equations in two
variables
In the xy-plane, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of

the function f is c. Which of the following must be equal to c ? ID: 062f86db
A.
B. What is the positive solution to the given equation?
A.
C.
B.
D.
C.
D.
ID: c4cd5bcc Answer
Correct Answer: A
ID: 062f86db Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Choice A is correct. A y-intercept is the point in the xy-plane where the graph of the function Rationale
crosses the y-axis, which is where . It’s given that the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of
Choice C is correct. The left-hand side of the given equation can be factored as 5𝑥 + 3𝑥 - 8.
the graph of function f is c. It follows that the coordinate pair representing the y-intercept
Therefore, the given equation, 5𝑥2 - 37𝑥 - 24 = 0, can be written as 5𝑥 + 3𝑥 - 8 = 0. Applying the
must be . Therefore, c must equal .
zero product property to this equation yields 5𝑥 + 3 = 0 and 𝑥 - 8 = 0. Subtracting 3 from both
sides of the equation 5𝑥 + 3 = 0 yields 5𝑥 = - 3. Dividing both sides of this equation by 5
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because , , and would represent the y-value of 3
yields 𝑥 = - 5 . Adding 8 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 8 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 8. Therefore, the two
the coordinate where , , and , respectively. 3
solutions to the given equation, 5𝑥2 - 37𝑥 - 24 = 0, are - and 8. It follows that 8 is the positive
5
solution to the given equation.


Question ID ffdbcad4 Question ID 735a0a00
expressions
ID: 735a0a00
ID: ffdbcad4
The expression , where is a constant, can be rewritten as , where The equation gives the estimated stock price , in dollars, for a certain company days after a new
, , and are integer constants. Which of the following must be an integer? product launched, where . Which statement is the best interpretation of
A. in this context?
A. The company's estimated stock price increased every day after the new product launched.
B.
B. The company's estimated stock price increased every days after the new product
C.
launched.
D.
C. day after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is .
D. days after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is .
ID: ffdbcad4 Answer
Correct Answer: D
ID: 735a0a00 Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: C
Choice D is correct. It's given that 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45 can be rewritten as ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗. The expression Rationale
ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗 can be rewritten as ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗, or ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗. Therefore,
ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗 is equivalent to 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45. It follows that 𝑘𝑗 = - 45. Dividing each side of Choice C is correct. In the given equation, 𝑥 represents the number of days after a new
-45 45 45
this equation by 𝑘 yields 𝑗 = . Since 𝑗 is an integer, - must be an integer. Therefore, product launched, where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20, and 𝑦 represents the estimated stock price, in dollars, for
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
must also be an integer. a certain company. Therefore, the best interpretation of 𝑥, 𝑦 = 1, 83 in this context is that 1
day after the new product launched, the company's estimated stock price is $ 83.
Question ID 71014fb1 Question ID 4a5af623

systems of
equations in two
variables ID: 4a5af623
Which expression is a factor of ?

ID: 71014fb1
A.
B.
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one C.
B. Exactly two D.
C. Infinitely many
ID: 4a5af623 Answer
D. Zero
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
ID: 71014fb1 Answer
Correct Answer: D Choice A is correct. Since 2 is a common factor of each of the terms in the given expression,
the expression can be rewritten as 2𝑥2 + 19𝑥 + 5. Therefore, the factors of the given
Rationale
expression are 2 and 𝑥2 + 19𝑥 + 5. Of these two factors, only 2 is listed as a choice.
Choice D is correct. Any quantity that is positive or negative in value has a positive value
when squared. Therefore, the left-hand side of the given equation is either positive or zero for
any value of 𝑥. Since the right-hand side of the given equation is negative, there is no value Choice C is incorrect. This is a term of the given expression, not a factor of the given
of 𝑥 for which the given equation is true. Thus, the number of distinct real solutions for the expression.
given equation is zero.
Choice D is incorrect. This is a term of the given expression, not a factor of the given
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. expression.
Question Difficulty: Hard Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 22fd3e1f Choice A is incorrect. The expression is not equivalent to because at ,
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi as a value of 1 and has a value of 0.
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent Choice B is incorrect and results from omitting the factor x in the factorization of .
expressions Choice C is incorrect and may result from incorrectly factoring as instead
of .
ID: 22fd3e1f
equivalent to , for ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 22fd3e1f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since and , the
fraction can be written as . It is given that , so the common factor
is not equal to 0. Therefore, the fraction can be further simplified to .
Question ID 717a1964 Question ID 78d5f91a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 78d5f91a
variables
ID: 717a1964 For the function f defined above, what is

the value of ?
What is one of the solutions to the given equation? A.
ID: 717a1964 Answer

B.
Rationale
C.
The correct answer is either 2 or -12. The left-hand side of the given equation can be
rewritten by factoring. The two values that multiply to -24 and add to 10 are 12 and -2. It
follows that the given equation can be rewritten as 𝑧 + 12𝑧 - 2 = 0. Setting each factor equal D.
to 0 yields two equations: 𝑧 + 12 = 0 and 𝑧 - 2 = 0. Subtracting 12 from both sides of the
equation 𝑧 + 12 = 0 results in 𝑧 = - 12. Adding 2 to both sides of the equation 𝑧 - 2 = 0 results
in 𝑧 = 2. Note that 2 and -12 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
ID: 78d5f91a Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Substituting for x in the given function f gives
, which simplifies to .
This further simplifies to , or .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from correctly substituting for x in the function but
incorrectly simplifying the resulting expression to , or . Choice B
is incorrect and may result from arithmetic errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from
correctly substituting for x in the function but incorrectly simplifying the expression to
, or 11.
Question Difficulty: Medium Question ID d675744f
ID: d675744f
Which of the following is the graph in the xy-

plane of the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d675744f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of an equation is the point , where b is
the value of y when . For the given equation, when . It follows that the y- Question ID a0b4103e
intercept of the graph of the given equation is . Additionally, for the given equation, the
value of y doubles for each increase of 1 in the value of x. Therefore, the graph contains the
points , , , and . Only the graph shown in choice D passes through
these points. expressions
Choices A and B are incorrect because these are graphs of decreasing, not increasing,
exponential functions. Choice C is incorrect because the value of y increases by a growth ID: a0b4103e
factor greater than 2 for each increase of 1 in the value of x.
Question Difficulty: Medium The expression can be rewritten as ,
where k is a positive constant. What is the value of k ?
A. 2
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: a0b4103e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Factoring out the coefficient , the given expression can be rewritten
as . The expression can be approached as a difference of squares and
rewritten as . Therefore, k must be .
Choice A is incorrect. If k were 2, then the expression given would be rewritten as
, which is equivalent to , not .
Choice B is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly factoring the expression and finding
as the factored form of the expression. Choice C is incorrect. This may result
from incorrectly distributing the and rewriting the expression as .

Question ID 5377d9cf Question ID 2cd6b22d
in one variable and
systems of
ID: 5377d9cf equations in two
variables
If , ID: 2cd6b22d
what is ?
A. –5 How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
B. –2 A. Exactly one
C. 2 B. Exactly two
D. 5 C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 5377d9cf Answer
Correct Answer: A ID: 2cd6b22d Answer
Rationale Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Substituting –1 for x in the equation that defines f gives
Choice D is correct. The number of solutions of a quadratic equation of the form

. Simplifying the expressions in the numerator and denominator 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, can be determined by the value of the
discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐. If the value of the discriminant is positive, then the quadratic equation
yields , which is equal to or –5. has exactly two distinct real solutions. If the value of the discriminant is equal to zero, then
the quadratic equation has exactly one real solution. If the value of the discriminant is
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from misapplying the order of operations negative, then the quadratic equation has zero real solutions. In the given equation,
when substituting –1 for x. 5𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 16 = 0, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 10, and 𝑐 = 16. Substituting these values for 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in
𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 102 - 4516, or -220. Since the value of its discriminant is negative, the given
equation has zero real solutions. Therefore, the number of distinct real solutions the given
equation has is zero.
Question ID f2d60b99
ID: f2d60b99
The function gives a metal ball's height above the ground , in inches,
seconds after it started moving on a track, where . Which of the following is the best
interpretation of the vertex of the graph of in the xy-plane?
A. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
B. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
C. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
D. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
ID: f2d60b99 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The graph of a quadratic equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ,

and 𝑘 are positive constants, is a parabola that opens upward with vertex ℎ, 𝑘. The given
1 1
function 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 72 + 3 is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, 𝑎 = , ℎ = 7, and 𝑘 = 3.
9 9
Therefore, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is a parabola that opens upward with vertex 7, 3. Since the
parabola opens upward, the vertex is the lowest point on the graph. It follows that the y-
coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is the minimum value of 𝑓𝑥. Therefore, the
1
minimum value of 𝑓𝑥 is 3. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 72 + 3 represents the metal ball’s height
9
above the ground, in inches, 𝑥 seconds after it started moving on a track. Therefore, the best
interpretation of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the metal ball’s minimum height
was 3 inches above the ground.

Choice A is incorrect. The solutions to the system of equations are (x1, y1) = (–2, 1) and (x2,
Question ID e9349667 y2) = (–1, 0). Therefore, –3 is the sum of the x-coordinates of the solutions, not the sum of the
y-coordinates of the solutions. Choices B and C are incorrect and may be the result of
computation or substitution errors.
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: e9349667
If and are the two solutions to the system of
equations above, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e9349667 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The system of equations can be solved using the substitution method.
Solving the second equation for y gives y = –x – 1. Substituting the expression –x – 1 for y
2
into the first equation gives –x – 1 = x + 2x + 1. Adding x + 1 to both sides of the equation
2
yields x + 3x + 2 = 0. The left-hand side of the equation can be factored by finding two
numbers whose sum is 3 and whose product is 2, which gives (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0. Setting each
factor equal to 0 yields x + 2 = 0 and x + 1 = 0, and solving for x yields x = –2 or x = –1. These
values of x can be substituted for x in the equation y = –x – 1 to find the corresponding y-
values: y = –(–2) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 and y = –(–1) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0. It follows that (–2, 1) and (–1, 0) are
the solutions to the given system of equations. Therefore, (x1, y1) = (–2, 1), (x2, y2) = (–1, 0),
and y1 + y2 = 1 + 0 = 1.
Question ID 67f4b449 Question ID 49efde89

expressions
ID: 67f4b449
ID: 49efde89
The function gives the area of a rectangle, , if its width is and
its length is times its width. Which of the following is the best interpretation of ? The expression is equivalent to for some
A. If the width of the rectangle is , then the area of the rectangle is . constant a. What is the value of a ?
A. 2
B. If the width of the rectangle is , then the length of the rectangle is .
B. 3
C. If the width of the rectangle is , then the length of the rectangle is .
C. 4
D. If the width of the rectangle is , then the area of the rectangle is .
D. 7
ID: 67f4b449 Answer

Correct Answer: A ID: 49efde89 Answer
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The function 𝑓 gives the area of the rectangle, in ft2 , if its width is 𝑤 ft.
Since the value of 𝑓14 is the value of 𝑓𝑤 if 𝑤 = 14, it follows that 𝑓14 = 1,176 means that 𝑓𝑤 Choice D is correct. It’s given that is equivalent to for some constant a.
is 1,176 if 𝑤 = 14. In the given context, this means that if the width of the rectangle is 14 ft,
then the area of the rectangle is 1,176 ft .
2 Distributing the x over each term in the parentheses gives , which is in the same
form as the first given expression, . The coefficient of the second term in is
7. Therefore, the value of a is 7.
Choice A is incorrect. If the value of a were 2, then would be equivalent to ,
Choice D is incorrect and may result from interpreting 𝑓𝑤 as the width, in ft, of the rectangle
2 2 which isn’t equivalent to . Choice B is incorrect. If the value of a were 3, then
if its area is 𝑤 ft , rather than as the area, in ft , of the rectangle if its width is 𝑤 ft.
would be equivalent to , which isn’t equivalent to . Choice C is
incorrect. If the value of a were 4, then would be equivalent to , which isn’t
equivalent to .

14 = ℎ2 + 𝑘 and 20 = 1 - 2ℎ + ℎ2 + 𝑘, respectively. Since 14 = ℎ2 + 𝑘, substituting 14 for ℎ2 + 𝑘
in the equation 20 = 1 - 2ℎ + ℎ2 + 𝑘 gives 20 = 1 - 2ℎ + 14, or 20 = 15 - 2ℎ. Subtracting 15 from
Question ID 44076c7d both sides of this equation gives 5 = - 2ℎ. Dividing both sides of this equation by -2 gives
5 5 2 52 25
- 2 = ℎ. Substituting - 2 for ℎ into the equation 14 = ℎ + 𝑘 gives 14 = - 2 + 𝑘, or 14 = + 𝑘.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi 25 31 5
4
Subtracting from both sides of this equation gives = 𝑘. Substituting 1 for 𝑎, - for ℎ, and
4 4 2
31 2 52 31
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions 4
for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 gives 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2 + 4
, which is equivalent to
25 31
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 4
+ 4
, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 14. Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 + 14 defines 𝑓.
ID: 44076c7d Choice A is incorrect. If 𝑓𝑥 = 3𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 14, then when 𝑥 = - 1, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥
is 14, not 10.
Choice B is incorrect. If 𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 14, then when 𝑥 = - 1, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is

18, not 10.
Choice C is incorrect. If 𝑓𝑥 = 9𝑥2 - 𝑥 + 14, then when 𝑥 = - 1, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is

24, not 10, and when 𝑥 = 1, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is 22, not 20.
For the quadratic function , the table shows three values of and their corresponding values of Question Difficulty: Medium
. Which equation defines ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 44076c7d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The equation of a quadratic function can be written in the form
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. It’s given in the table that when 𝑥 = - 1, the
corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is 10. Substituting -1 for 𝑥 and 10 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation
2 2 2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 gives 10 = 𝑎-1 - ℎ + 𝑘, which is equivalent to 10 = 𝑎1 + 2ℎ + ℎ + 𝑘, or
2
10 = 𝑎 + 2𝑎ℎ + 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘. It’s given in the table that when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is
2 2
14. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 14 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 gives 14 = 𝑎0 - ℎ + 𝑘, or
14 = 𝑎ℎ2 + 𝑘. It’s given in the table that when 𝑥 = 1, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is 20.
2 2
Substituting 1 for 𝑥 and 20 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 gives 20 = 𝑎1 - ℎ + 𝑘, which
2 2 2
is equivalent to 20 = 𝑎1 - 2ℎ + ℎ + 𝑘, or 20 = 𝑎 - 2𝑎ℎ + 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘. Adding 20 = 𝑎 - 2𝑎ℎ + 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘 to
2 2
the equation 10 = 𝑎 + 2𝑎ℎ + 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘 gives 30 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑎ℎ + 2𝑘. Dividing both sides of this
equation by 2 gives 15 = 𝑎 + 𝑎ℎ2 + 𝑘. Since 14 = 𝑎ℎ2 + 𝑘, substituting 14 for 𝑎ℎ2 + 𝑘 into the
2
equation 15 = 𝑎 + 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘 gives 15 = 𝑎 + 14. Subtracting 14 from both sides of this equation
2 2
gives 𝑎 = 1. Substituting 1 for 𝑎 in the equations 14 = 𝑎ℎ + 𝑘 and 20 = 𝑎ℎ - 2𝑎ℎ + 𝑎 + 𝑘 gives
Question ID 1f353a9e Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 1f353a9e
The given function models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at the end
of each year, where represents the number of years since the end of , and . If
is graphed in the ty-plane, which of the following is the best interpretation of the y-
intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the
years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the
years was .
C. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was
.
D. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was
.
ID: 1f353a9e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the ty-plane is the point where 𝑡 = 0. For the
given function 𝑓, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 in the ty-plane can be found by
𝑡 0
substituting 0 for 𝑡 in the equation 𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 , which gives 𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 . This is
equivalent to 𝑦 = 8,0001, or 𝑦 = 8,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is
0, 8,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of coupons a company sent to their
customers at the end of each year. Therefore, 𝑓𝑡 represents the estimated number of coupons
the company sent to their customers at the end of each year. It's also given that 𝑡 represents
the number of years since the end of 1998. Therefore, 𝑡 = 0 represents 0 years since the end
of 1998, or the end of 1998. Thus, the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is that the estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the
end of 1998 was 8,000.

property to the numerator on the right-hand side of this equation yields ,
Question ID b03adde3
which is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from various misconceptions or
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations miscalculations.
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b03adde3
If , what is t
in terms of u ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b03adde3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by yields
. Dividing both sides of this equation by yields . Adding 2
to both sides of this equation yields , which can be rewritten as
. Since the fractions on the right-hand side of this equation have a
common denominator, adding the fractions yields . Applying the distributive
Choice D is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is -53, this would yield a discriminant that is less than
Question ID 1ce9ffcd zero. Therefore, the given equation would have no real solutions, rather than exactly one
solution.

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1ce9ffcd
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1ce9ffcd Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the equation -9𝑥2 + 30𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution. A
quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution if and only if its
2
discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 , is equal to zero. It follows that for the given equation, 𝑎 = - 9 and
2 2
𝑏 = 30. Substituting -9 for 𝑎 and 30 for 𝑏 into 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 30 - 4-9𝑐, or 900 + 36𝑐. Since the
discriminant must equal zero, 900 + 36𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 36𝑐 from both sides of this equation
yields 900 = -36𝑐. Dividing each side of this equation by -36 yields -25 = 𝑐. Therefore, the
value of 𝑐 is -25.
Choice A is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 3, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than
zero. Therefore, the given equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one
solution.
Choice B is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 0, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than
zero. Therefore, the given equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one
solution.
Question ID 104bff62 Question Difficulty: Hard

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 104bff62
In the given equation, is a positive constant. Which of the following is one of the solutions to the
given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 104bff62 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. If 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 ≤ 0, then neither side of the given equation is defined and there
𝑐2
can be no solution. Therefore, 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 > 0. Subtracting from both sides of the given
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
equation yields - = 39, or = 39. Squaring both sides of this equation yields
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2
2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
= 392 , or = 392 . Since 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 is positive and, therefore, nonzero, the
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 2
expression is defined and equivalent to 1. It follows that the equation = 39
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 2 2 2 2
can be rewritten as 𝑥 - 𝑐2 = 39 , or 1𝑥2 - 𝑐2 = 39 , which is equivalent to 𝑥 - 𝑐 = 39 .
2 2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
2
Adding 𝑐2 to both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 = 𝑐2 + 39 . Taking the square root of both
sides of this equation yields two solutions: 𝑥 = √𝑐2 + 392 and 𝑥 = - √𝑐2 + 392 . Therefore, of
the given choices, -√𝑐2 + 392 is one of the solutions to the given equation.
Question ID 75915e3c Question ID f44a29a8

ID: 75915e3c ID: f44a29a8
An object’s kinetic energy, in joules, is equal to the product of

one-half the object’s mass, in kilograms, and the square of the
For the function f defined above, what
object’s speed, in meters per second. What is the speed, in meters
is the value of ?
per second, of an object with a mass of 4 kilograms and kinetic
A. 9 energy of 18 joules?
A. 3
B. 12
B. 6
C. 18
C. 9
D. 36
D. 36
ID: 75915e3c Answer

Correct Answer: C ID: f44a29a8 Answer
Rationale Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The value of is found by evaluating the expression when
. Substituting 2 for x in the given equation yields . Simplifying in the equation Choice A is correct. It’s given that an object’s kinetic energy, in joules, is equal to the product
of one-half the object’s mass, in kilograms, and the square of the object’s speed, in meters per
results in . Evaluating the right-hand side of the equation yields .
Therefore, the value of is 18. second. This relationship can be represented by the equation , where K is the
kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the speed. Substituting a mass of 4 kilograms for m
Choice A is incorrect and may result from evaluating the expression as . Choice B is
and a kinetic energy of 18 joules for K results in the equation , or .
incorrect and may result from evaluating the expression as . Choice D is incorrect and
Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of both sides
may result from evaluating the expression as .
yields and . Since speed can’t be expressed as a negative number, the speed of
Question Difficulty: Easy the object is 3 meters per second.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from computation errors. Choice C is incorrect. This is
the value of rather than v. Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of rather than v.
Question ID 92f812bb
ID: 92f812bb
In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex and intersects the x-axis at two points. If the
equation of the parabola is written in the form , where , , and are constants,
which of the following could be the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 92f812bb Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The equation of a parabola in the xy-plane can be written in the form
2
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎 is a constant and ℎ, 𝑘 is the vertex of the parabola. If 𝑎 is positive, the
parabola will open upward, and if 𝑎 is negative, the parabola will open downward. It’s given
that the parabola has vertex 9, - 14. Substituting 9 for ℎ and -14 for 𝑘 in the equation
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 gives 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 92 - 14, which can be rewritten as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 9𝑥 - 9 - 14, or
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑥 + 81 - 14. Distributing the factor of 𝑎 on the right-hand side of this equation
yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14. Therefore, the equation of the parabola,
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14, can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = - 18𝑎,
and 𝑐 = 81𝑎 - 14. Substituting -18𝑎 for 𝑏 and 81𝑎 - 14 for 𝑐 in the expression 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 yields
𝑎 + -18𝑎 + 81𝑎 - 14, or 64𝑎 - 14. Since the vertex of the parabola, 9, - 14, is below the x-axis, and
it’s given that the parabola intersects the x-axis at two points, the parabola must open
upward. Therefore, the constant 𝑎 must have a positive value. Setting the expression 64𝑎 - 14
equal to the value in choice D yields 64𝑎 - 14 = - 12. Adding 14 to both sides of this equation
2
yields 64𝑎 = 2. Dividing both sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑎 = , which is a positive
64
value. Therefore, if the equation of the parabola is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where
𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 could be - 12.
Choice A is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the

form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 23, then the value of 𝑎
will be negative, which means the parabola will open downward, not upward, and will
Question ID f547a8b1
intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
Choice B is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the
form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 19, then the value of 𝑎 SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
will be negative, which means the parabola will open downward, not upward, and will
intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
ID: f547a8b1
Choice C is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the
form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 14, then the value of 𝑎
will be 0, which is inconsistent with the equation of a parabola.
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f547a8b1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point at which the graph
crosses the y-axis. The graph shown crosses the y-axis at the point 0, 8. Therefore, the y-
intercept of the graph shown is 0, 8.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question ID b8c4a1cd
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b8c4a1cd
The given equation relates the distinct positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b8c4a1cd Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. To express 𝑗 in terms of 𝑘 and 𝑚, the given equation must be solved for 𝑗.
𝑘 + 15𝑚
Dividing each side of the given equation by 8 yields 𝑗 = 8
.
Choice A is incorrect. This is equivalent to 8𝑗 = 𝑘 + 120𝑚.
Choice B is incorrect. This is equivalent to 8𝑗 = 8𝑘 + 15𝑚.
𝑗
Choice C is incorrect. This is equivalent to 8
= 𝑘 + 15𝑚.
Question ID 7dbd46d9 Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7dbd46d9
The graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point in the -
plane. What is a possible value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7dbd46d9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system of
equations intersect at the point 𝑥, 𝑦. Therefore, this intersection point is a solution to the
given system. The solution can be found by isolating 𝑦 in each equation. The given equation
8𝑥 + 𝑦 = - 11 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by subtracting 8𝑥 from both sides of the equation,
which gives 𝑦 = - 8𝑥 - 11. The given equation 2𝑥2 = 𝑦 + 341 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by
subtracting 341 from both sides of the equation, which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = 𝑦. With each
equation solved for 𝑦, the value of 𝑦 from one equation can be substituted into the other,
which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = - 8𝑥 - 11. Adding 8𝑥 and 11 to both sides of this equation results in
2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 - 330 = 0. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 results in 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 - 165 = 0. This
equation can be rewritten by factoring the left-hand side, which yields 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0. By
the zero-product property, if 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0, then 𝑥 + 15 = 0, or 𝑥 - 11 = 0. It follows that
𝑥 = - 15, or 𝑥 = 11. Since only -15 is given as a choice, a possible value of 𝑥 is -15.

, the value of is 0. Similarly, when , the value of is 0. Therefore, the
Question ID 0121a235 product is a factor of the polynomial function p.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice A is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t
present in the table. Choice B is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions , which isn’t present in the table. Choice C is incorrect. The factors and
correspond to x-intercepts and , respectively, which aren’t present in the table.

ID: 0121a235
x p(x)
The table above gives selected values of a polynomial function p.

Based on the values in the table, which of the following must be a
factor of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0121a235 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. According to the table, when x is or 2, . Therefore, two x-
intercepts of the graph of p are and . Since and are x-intercepts, it
follows that and are factors of the polynomial equation. This is because when
Choice C is incorrect. This function estimates that the ball is dropped from an initial height
Question ID 9da41c80 of 85 feet, not 22 feet, and that the maximum height reached after each time the ball hits the
ground is 22%, not 85%, of the maximum height reached after the previous time the ball hit
the ground.
Choice D is incorrect. This function estimates that the ball is dropped from an initial height
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions of 85 feet, not 22 feet.

ID: 9da41c80
A ball is dropped from an initial height of feet and bounces off the ground repeatedly. The
function estimates that the maximum height reached after each time the ball hits the ground is
of the maximum height reached after the previous time the ball hit the ground. Which
equation defines , where is the estimated maximum height of the ball after it has hit the
ground times and is a whole number greater than and less than ?
A.
B.
C. msup
D.
ID: 9da41c80 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that for the function ℎ, ℎ𝑛 is the estimated maximum height, in
feet, of the ball after it has hit the ground 𝑛 times. It's also given that the function ℎ estimates
that the maximum height reached after each time the ball hits the ground is 85% of the
maximum height reached after the previous time the ball hit the ground. It follows that ℎ is a
𝑝 𝑛
decreasing exponential function that can be written in the form ℎ𝑛 = 𝑎 100 , where 𝑎 is the
initial height, in feet, the ball was dropped from and the function estimates that the
maximum height reached after each time the ball hits the ground is 𝑝% of the maximum
height reached after the previous time the ball hit the ground. It's given that the ball is
dropped from an initial height of 22 feet. Therefore, 𝑎 = 22. Since the function ℎ estimates
that the maximum height reached after each time the ball hits the ground is 85% of the
maximum height reached after the previous time the ball hit the ground, 𝑝 = 85. Substituting
𝑝 𝑛 85 𝑛 𝑛
22 for 𝑎 and 85 for 𝑝 in the equation ℎ𝑛 = 𝑎 yields ℎ𝑛 = 22 100 , or ℎ𝑛 = 220.85 .
100
Choice A is incorrect. This function estimates that the maximum height reached after each
time the ball hits the ground is 22%, not 85%, of the maximum height reached after the
previous time the ball hit the ground.
Question ID 7160cbb3 Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

ID: 7160cbb3
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7160cbb3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point 𝑥, 𝑦 on the graph
where 𝑥 = 0. For the graph shown, at 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of y is -6. Therefore, the
y-intercept of the graph shown is 0, - 6.
Question ID d71f6dbf Question ID 630897df

in one variable and
systems of
ID: d71f6dbf equations in two
variables
The height, in feet, of an object x seconds after it is thrown

straight up in the air can be modeled by the function ID: 630897df
. Based on the model, which of the
following statements best interprets the equation ? The speed of sound in dry air, v, can be modeled by the formula
, where T is the temperature in degrees
A. The height of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.64 feet.
Celsius and v is measured in meters per second. Which of the
B. The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is 1.4 feet. following correctly expresses T in terms of v ?
C. The height of the object 1.64 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately A.
1.4 times as great as its initial height.
D. The speed of the object 1.4 seconds after being thrown straight up in the air is approximately
B.
1.64 feet per second.
C.
ID: d71f6dbf Answer
Correct Answer: A
D.
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The value 1.4 is the value of x, which represents the number of seconds
ID: 630897df Answer
after the object was thrown straight up in the air. When the function h is evaluated for x = 1.4,
the function has a value of 1.64, which is the height, in feet, of the object. Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from misidentifying seconds as feet and feet as
seconds. Additionally, choice C may result from incorrectly including the initial height of the Choice D is correct. To express T in terms of v, subtract 331.3 from both sides of the equation,
object as the input x. Choice D is incorrect and may result from misidentifying height as which gives v – 331.3 = 0.606T. Dividing both sides of the equation by 0.606 gives
speed.
.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and are the result of incorrect steps while solving for T.

Question ID 20722644 Question ID 5805e747
expressions
ID: 20722644
ID: 5805e747
The function is defined by . What is the value of ?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: 20722644 Answer

ID: 5805e747 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥3 + 9. Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in this equation yields
3
𝑓2 = 2 + 9. This is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 8 + 9, or 𝑓2 = 17. Choice A is correct. Applying the distributive property, the given expression can be written
as 7𝑥3 + 7𝑥 - 6𝑥3 + 3𝑥. Grouping like terms in this expression yields 7𝑥3 - 6𝑥3 + 7𝑥 + 3𝑥.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 2 + 3 + 9, not 23 + 9. Combining like terms in this expression yields 𝑥3 + 10𝑥.
3
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 23 + 9, not 2 + 9. Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
2 3
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 3 + 9, not 2 + 9. Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Easy Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question ID 158591f0 Question ID bba18ecb

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: bba18ecb
variables
When the quadratic function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , its vertex is .
ID: 158591f0 One of the x-intercepts of this graph is . What is the other x-intercept of the graph?
A.
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation? B.
C.
ID: 158591f0 Answer
D.
Correct Answer: 29/3, 9.666, 9.667
Rationale
ID: bba18ecb Answer
29
The correct answer is . Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of the given Correct Answer: B
3
equation, 𝑥𝑥 + 1 - 56, yields 𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56. Applying the distributive property to the right-hand
Rationale
side of the given equation, 4𝑥𝑥 - 7, yields 4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Thus, the equation becomes
𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56 = 4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Combining like terms on the left- and right-hand sides of this equation Choice B is correct. Since the line of symmetry for the graph of a quadratic function contains
yields 0 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥2 + -28𝑥 - 𝑥 + 56, or 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0. For a quadratic equation in the form the vertex of the graph, the x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is the x-
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the quadratic formula gives the solutions to coordinate of the midpoint of its two x-intercepts. The midpoint of two points with x-
-𝑏 ± √𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 𝑥 +𝑥
the equation in the form 𝑥 = 2𝑎
. Substituting 3 for 𝑎, -29 for 𝑏, and 56 for 𝑐 from the coordinates 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 has x-coordinate 𝑥𝑚 , where 𝑥𝑚 = 1 2 . It′s given that the vertex is -3, 6
2
17 17
equation 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0 into the quadratic formula yields 𝑥 =
29 ± √-292 - 4356 29 13
, or 𝑥 = 6 ± 6 . and one of the x-intercepts is - 4 , 0. Substituting -3 for 𝑥𝑚 and - 4 for 𝑥1 in the equation
23 17
29 13 29 13
It follows that the solutions to the given equation are 6 + 6 and 6 - 6 . Adding these two 𝑥𝑚 =
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
yields -3 =
-
4
+ 𝑥2
. Multiplying each side of this equation by 2 yields -6 = -
17
+ 𝑥2 .
29 13 29 13 29 29 29 2 2 4
solutions gives the sum of the solutions: + + - , which is equivalent to + , or . Adding
17
to each side
7
of this equation yields - = 𝑥2 . Therefore, the other x-intercept is - , 0.
7
6 6 6 6 6 6 3
4 4 4
Note that 29/3, 9.666, and 9.667 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 70753f99 Question ID 568aaf27
in one variable and
systems of
ID: 70753f99 equations in two
variables
The function f is defined by . The graph of f
in the xy-plane is a parabola. Which of the following intervals ID: 568aaf27

contains the x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of f ?
A.
B. If is a solution to the system of equations above, which of
the following is a possible value of x?

C.
A. 0
D. B. 1
C. 2
ID: 70753f99 Answer
D. 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
ID: 568aaf27 Answer
Choice B is correct. The graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is a parabola. The axis Correct Answer: D
of symmetry of the parabola passes through the vertex of the parabola. Therefore, the vertex Rationale
of the parabola and the midpoint of the segment between the two x-intercepts of the graph
have the same x-coordinate. Since , the x-coordinate of the vertex is Choice D is correct. Substituting from the second equation for y in the first equation
yields . Subtracting 12 from both sides of this equation and rewriting the equation
. Of the shown intervals, only the interval in choice B contains –2.
results in . Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from either calculation errors or
misidentification of the graph’s x-intercepts. . Using the zero product property to solve for x, it follows that and
. Solving each equation for x yields and , respectively. Thus, two

possible values of x are 3 and . Of the choices given, 3 is the only possible value of x.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Substituting 0 for x in the first equation gives , or
; then, substituting 12 for y and 0 for x in the second equation gives , or ,
which is false. Similarly, substituting 1 or 2 for x in the first equation yields or ,
respectively; then, substituting 11 or 10 for y in the second equation yields a false statement. Question ID 6676f055
ID: 6676f055
An engineer wanted to identify the best angle for a cooling fan in

an engine in order to get the greatest airflow. The engineer
discovered that the function above models the airflow , in
cubic feet per minute, as a function of the angle of the fan , in
degrees. According to the model, what angle, in degrees, gives the

greatest airflow?
A. –0.28
B. 0.28
C. 27
D. 880
ID: 6676f055 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The function f is quadratic, so it will have either a maximum or a

minimum at the vertex of the graph. Since the coefficient of the quadratic term (–0.28) is
2
negative, the vertex will be at a maximum. The equation f( ) = –0.28( – 27) + 880 is given
in vertex form, so the vertex is at = 27. Therefore, an angle of 27 degrees gives the greatest
airflow.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of misidentifying which value in a
quadratic equation in vertex form represents the vertex. Choice D is incorrect. This choice
identifies the maximum value of f( ) rather than the value of for which f( ) is maximized.

Question ID 29ed5d39 Question ID 90bcaa61
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 90bcaa61
variables
The function gives the number of bacteria in a population minutes after an

ID: 29ed5d39 initial observation. How much time, in minutes, does it take for the number of bacteria in the
population to double?
The given equation relates the numbers and , where is not equal to and . Which ID: 90bcaa61 Answer
equation correctly expresses in terms of ?
Correct Answer: 410
A.
Rationale
B.
The correct answer is 410. It's given that 𝑡 minutes after an initial observation, the number of
𝑡
C. bacteria in a population is 60,0002 410 . This expression consists of the initial number of
𝑡
bacteria, 60,000, multiplied by the expression 2 410 . The time it takes for the number of
D. 𝑡
bacteria to double is the increase in the value of 𝑡 that causes the expression 2 410 to double.
𝑡 𝑡
Since the base of the expression 2 410 is 2, the expression 2 410 will double when the exponent
𝑡
ID: 29ed5d39 Answer
𝑡
increases by 1. Since the exponent of the expression 2 410 is , the exponent will increase by
410
Correct Answer: D 1 when 𝑡 increases by 410. Therefore the time, in minutes, it takes for the number of bacteria
in the population to double is 410.
Rationale
Choice D is correct. To express 𝑛 in terms of 𝑝, the given equation must be solved for 𝑛.
14
Subtracting 9 from both sides of the given equation yields 𝑝 - 9 = 𝑛
. Since 𝑛 is not equal to 0,
multiplying both sides of this equation by 𝑛 yields 𝑝 - 9𝑛 = 14. It's given that 𝑝 > 9, which
means 𝑝 - 9 is not equal to 0. Therefore, dividing both sides of 𝑝 - 9𝑛 = 14 by 𝑝 - 9 yields
𝑝 - 9𝑛 14 14
= , or 𝑛 = .
𝑝-9 𝑝-9 𝑝-9
Question ID 895628b5 Question ID 26eb61c1

systems of
equations in two
variables ID: 26eb61c1

ID: 895628b5
A.
B.
Which ordered pair is the solution to the given system of equations? C.

A.
D.
B.
C. ID: 26eb61c1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
D.
Rationale
ID: 895628b5 Answer Choice C is correct. Since each term of the given expression has a common factor of 6𝑥2 𝑦2 , it
Correct Answer: C may be rewritten as 6𝑥2 𝑦2 ( 𝑥6 ) + 6𝑥2 𝑦2 ( 2 ) , or 6𝑥2 𝑦2 ( 𝑥6 + 2 ) .
Rationale Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 12𝑥8 𝑦2 , not 6𝑥8 𝑦2 + 12𝑥2 𝑦2 .
Choice C is correct. The second equation in the given system of equations is 𝑦 = 6𝑥 - 12. Choice B is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 6𝑥6 𝑦2 , not 6𝑥8 𝑦2 + 12𝑥2 𝑦2 .
Substituting 6𝑥 - 12 for 𝑦 in the first equation of the given system yields 6𝑥 - 12 = 𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 4.
Factoring 6 out of the left-hand side of this equation yields 6𝑥 - 2 = 𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 4. An expression Choice D is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 6𝑥6 𝑦2 + 12𝑥2 𝑦2 , not 6𝑥8 𝑦2 + 12𝑥2 𝑦2 .
with a factor of the form 𝑥 - 𝑎 is equal to zero when 𝑥 = 𝑎. Each side of this equation has a
factor of 𝑥 - 2, so each side of the equation is equal to zero when 𝑥 = 2. Substituting 2 for 𝑥 Question Difficulty: Medium
into the equation 6𝑥 - 2 = 𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 4 yields 62 - 2 = 2 - 22 + 4, or 0 = 0, which is true.
Substituting 2 for 𝑥 into the second equation in the given system of equations yields
𝑦 = 62 - 12, or 𝑦 = 0. Therefore, the solution to the system of equations is the ordered pair 2, 0.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from switching the order of the solutions for 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Question ID 8f65cddc Question ID dd8ac009
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: dd8ac009
variables
Time (years) Total amount (dollars)

ID: 8f65cddc
The given equation relates the positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in
terms of and ?
Sara opened a savings account at a bank. The table shows the exponential relationship between the
A.
time , in years, since Sara opened the account and the total amount , in dollars, in the account. If
B. Sara made no additional deposits or withdrawals, which of the following equations best represents
the relationship between and ?
C.
A. msup
D.
B. msup
C. msup
ID: 8f65cddc Answer
Correct Answer: C D. msup
Rationale
ID: dd8ac009 Answer
Choice C is correct. Multiplying each side of the given equation by 𝑦 yields the equivalent
𝑦
equation = 11𝑥. Dividing each side of this equation by 11 yields
𝑦
= 𝑥, or 𝑥 =
𝑦
. Correct Answer: B
7𝑏 77𝑏 77𝑏
Rationale
Choice A is incorrect. This equation is not equivalent to the given equation.
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the relationship between 𝑡 and 𝑑 is exponential. The table
Choice B is incorrect. This equation is not equivalent to the given equation. shows that the value of 𝑑 increases as the value of 𝑡 increases. Therefore, the relationship
between 𝑡 and 𝑑 can be represented by an increasing exponential equation of the form
Choice D is incorrect. This equation is not equivalent to the given equation. 𝑡
𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. The table shows that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑑 = 670.
𝑡 0
Question Difficulty: Medium Substituting 0 for 𝑡 and 670 for 𝑑 in the equation 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields 670 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 , which is
𝑡
equivalent to 670 = 𝑎1, or 670 = 𝑎. Substituting 670 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑑 = 𝑎1 + 𝑏 yields
𝑡
𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏 . The table also shows that when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑑 = 674.02. Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 674.02
for 𝑑 in the equation 𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏𝑡 yields 674.02 = 6701 + 𝑏1 , or 674.02 = 6701 + 𝑏. Dividing
both sides of this equation by 670 yields 1.006 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this
𝑡
equation yields 𝑏 = 0.006. Substituting 0.006 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑑 = 6701 + 𝑏 yields
𝑡
𝑑 = 6701 + 0.006 . Therefore, of the choices, choice B best represents the relationship
between 𝑡 and 𝑑.
Question ID 58dcc59f
Question Difficulty: Medium ID: 58dcc59f
A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The length of the

garden is to be 5 feet longer than the width. If the area of the
garden will be 104 square feet, what will be the length, in feet, of
the garden?
ID: 58dcc59f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 13. Let w represent the width of the rectangular garden, in feet. Since
the length of the garden will be 5 feet longer than the width of the garden, the length of the
garden will be feet. Thus the area of the garden will be . It is also given that
the area of the garden will be 104 square feet. Therefore, , which is equivalent
to . Factoring this equation results in . Therefore,
and . Because width cannot be negative, the width of the garden must be 8
feet. This means the length of the garden must be feet.

Question ID 2d1614a1 Question ID 9ed9f54d
expressions
ID: 2d1614a1
ID: 9ed9f54d
The function models the population, in thousands, of a certain city years after . According Which of the following is equivalent to
to the model, the population is predicted to increase by every months. What is the value of ?
?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C. C. 5x
D.
2
D. 5x
ID: 2d1614a1 Answer ID: 9ed9f54d Answer

Correct Answer: C Correct Answer: A
Rationale Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the function 𝑃 models the population of the city 𝑡 years Choice A is correct. Since is a common term in the original expression, like terms
18
after 2005. Since there are 12 months in a year, 18 months is equivalent to years. Therefore,
18
12
18 can be added: . Distributing the constant term 5 yields
the expression 12
𝑥 can represent the number of years in 𝑥 18-month periods. Substituting 12
𝑥
.
4 18
18 𝑥 18 𝑥
for 𝑡 in the given equation yields 𝑃 𝑥 = 2901.04 6 12 , which is equivalent to 𝑃 𝑥 = 2901.04 .
12 12
Therefore, for each 18-month period, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times, or
104% of, the previous population. This means that the population is predicted to increase by Choice B is incorrect and may result from not distributing the negative signs in the
4% every 18 months. expressions within the parentheses. Choice C is incorrect and may result from not
distributing the negative signs in the expressions within the parentheses and from
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. incorrectly eliminating the -term. Choice D is incorrect and may result from incorrectly
Choice B is incorrect. Each year, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times the eliminating the x-term.
previous year's predicted population, which is not the same as an increase of 1.04%.
Question ID 30281058

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 30281058
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects line p at
and , where a and b are constants. What is the slope of line p
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 30281058 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the graph of and line p intersect at and
. Therefore, the value of y when is the value of a, and the value of y when is
the value of b. Substituting 1 for x in the given equation yields , or .
Similarly, substituting 5 for x in the given equation yields , or . Therefore,
the intersection points are and . The slope of line p is the ratio of the change in
y to the change in x between these two points: , or 6.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors in
determining the values of a, b, or the slope of line p.
Question ID 42f19012 Question ID 294db8ec
ID: 42f19012 ID: 294db8ec
Which expression is equivalent to , where ? Which of the following is
A. equivalent to ?
B. A.
C. B.
D.
C.
ID: 42f19012 Answer D.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale ID: 294db8ec Answer

Choice B is correct. Since
12
= 1, multiplying the exponent of the given expression by
12 Correct Answer: D
12 12
11 12 132 132 1 132
yields an equivalent expression: 𝑎 12 12 = 𝑎 144 . Since = 132 , the expression 𝑎 144 can be Rationale
144 144
132 1
rewritten as 𝑎 144 . Applying properties of exponents, this expression can be rewritten as
1 1 Choice D is correct. The expression has two terms, and 4. The greatest common
𝑎132 144 . An expression of the form 𝑚 𝑘 , where 𝑚 > 0 and 𝑘 > 0, is equivalent to 𝑘√𝑚 . Therefore,
1
factor of these two terms is 2. Factoring 2 from each of these terms yields , or
𝑎132 144 is equivalent to √𝑎132 .
144
.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choices A and B are incorrect because 4 is not a factor of the term . Choice C is incorrect
and may result from factoring 2 from but not from 4.

Question Difficulty: Medium Question Difficulty: Easy
Question ID 84dd43f8 Question ID 59d1f4b5

ID: 84dd43f8 ID: 59d1f4b5
For the function , , and for each increase in by , the value of decreases by .
What is the value of ?
The equation above models the number of members, M, of a gym
t years after the gym opens. Of the following, which equation
ID: 84dd43f8 Answer models the number of members of the gym q quarter years after
the gym opens?
Rationale
A.
The correct answer is 3.44. It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the
value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%. Because the output of the function decreases by a constant B.
percentage for each 1-unit increase in the value of 𝑥, this relationship can be represented by
𝑥
an exponential function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 represents the initial value of the C.
function and 𝑏 represents the rate of decay,
expressed as a decimal. Because 𝑓0 = 86, the value of 𝑎 must be 86. Because the value of 𝑓𝑥 D.
decreases by 80% for each 1-unit increase in 𝑥, the value of 𝑏 must be ( 1 − 0 . 80 ) , or 0 . 2.
𝑥
Therefore, the function 𝑓 can be defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 860 . 2 . Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in this function
2
yields 𝑓2 = 860 . 2 , which is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 860 . 04, or 𝑓2 = 3 . 44. Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 ID: 59d1f4b5 Answer
may be entered as the correct answer.
Correct Answer: A
Alternate approach: It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 Rationale
decreases by 80%. Therefore, when 𝑥 = 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is ( 100 − 80 ) %, or 20%, of 86, which
can be expressed as 0 . 2086. Since 0 . 2086 = 17 . 2, the value of 𝑓1 is 17.2. Similarly, when Choice A is correct. In 1 year, there are 4 quarter years, so the number of quarter years, q, is 4
𝑥 = 2, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 20% of 17.2, which can be expressed as 0 . 2017 . 2. Since
times the number of years, t ; that is, . This is equivalent to , and substituting this
0 . 2017 . 2 = 3 . 44, the value of 𝑓2 is 3.44. Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 may be entered as the correct
answer.
into the expression for M in terms of t gives .
Choices B and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using instead of
. (Choices B and D are nearly the same since is equivalent to , which is
approximately .) Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using
and unnecessarily dividing 0.02 by 4.

Question ID 281a4f3b
ID: 281a4f3b
A certain college had 3,000 students enrolled in 2015. The college

predicts that after 2015, the number of students enrolled each
year will be 2% less than the number of students enrolled the year
before. Which of the following functions models the relationship
between the number of students enrolled, , and the number
of years after 2015, x ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 281a4f3b Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Because the change in the number of students decreases by the same
percentage each year, the relationship between the number of students and the number of
years can be modeled with a decreasing exponential function in the form ,
where is the number of students, a is the number of students in 2015, r is the rate of
decrease each year, and x is the number of years since 2015. It’s given that 3,000 students
were enrolled in 2015 and that the rate of decrease is predicted to be 2%, or 0.02. Substituting
these values into the decreasing exponential function yields , which
is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors when translating the
given information into a decreasing exponential function.

Question ID 72ae8a87
ID: 72ae8a87
The function gives a company’s predicted annual revenue, in dollars,

years after the company started selling light bulbs online, where . What is the best
interpretation of the statement “ is approximately equal to ” in this context?
A. years after the company started selling light bulbs online, its predicted annual revenue is
approximately dollars.
B. years after the company started selling light bulbs online, its predicted annual revenue will
have increased by a total of approximately dollars.
C. When the company’s predicted annual revenue is approximately dollars, it is times

the predicted annual revenue for the previous year.
D. When the company’s predicted annual revenue is approximately dollars, it is

greater than the predicted annual revenue for the previous year.
ID: 72ae8a87 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
𝑥
Choice A is correct. It's given that the function 𝑓𝑥 = 200,0001.21 gives a company's predicted
annual revenue, in dollars, 𝑥 years after the company started selling light bulbs online. It
follows that 𝑓𝑥 represents the company's predicted annual revenue, in dollars, 𝑥 years after
the company started selling light bulbs online. Since the value of 𝑓5 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when
𝑥 = 5, it follows that "𝑓5 is approximately equal to 518,748" means that 𝑓𝑥 is approximately
equal to 518,748 when 𝑥 = 5. Therefore, the best interpretation of the statement "𝑓5 is
approximately equal to 518,748" in this context is 5 years after the company started selling
light bulbs online, its predicted annual revenue is approximately 518,748 dollars.

Question ID f237ccfc Question ID a391ed22
ID: f237ccfc ID: a391ed22
The sum of and can be written in the
form , where a, b, and c are constants. What is the

The expression above is equivalent to , where a, b,
value of ?
and c are constants. What is the value of b?
ID: f237ccfc Answer

ID: a391ed22 Answer
Rationale
Rationale
The correct answer is 32. The sum of the given expressions is

. Combining like terms yields . Based on the The correct answer is . The expression can be written in the form
form of the given equation, , , and . Therefore, . , where a, b, and c are constants, by multiplying out the expression using the
distributive property of multiplication over addition. The result is

Alternate approach: Because is the value of when , it is possible
to first make that substitution into each polynomial before adding them. When , the . This expression can be rewritten by
first polynomial is equal to and the second polynomial is equal to

multiplying as indicated to give , which can be simplified to
. The sum of 30 and 2 is 32.
, or . This is in the form , where the value of b

is . Note that 5/2 and 2.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Question ID 01668cd6 Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
ID: 01668cd6
The functions and are defined by the given equations, where . Which of the following
equations displays, as a constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines, where
?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 01668cd6 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both exponential functions with a base of 0.40.
Since 0.40 is less than 1, functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both decreasing exponential functions. This
means that 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥 decrease as 𝑥 increases. Since 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥 decrease as 𝑥 increases, the
maximum value of each function occurs at the least value of 𝑥 for which the function is
defined. It's given that functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined for 𝑥 ≥ 0. Therefore, the maximum value
of each function occurs at 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation defining 𝑓 yields
𝑓0 = 330.40 + 3 , which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = 330.43 , or 𝑓0 = 2.112. Therefore, the maximum
𝑥+3
value of 𝑓 is 2.112. Since the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 330.4 doesn't display the value 2.112, the
equation defining 𝑓 doesn't display the maximum value of 𝑓. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the
0-2 1
equation defining 𝑔 yields 𝑔0 = 330.160.4 , which can be rewritten as 𝑔0 = 330.16 2 , or
0.4
1
𝑔0 = 330.16 , which is equivalent to 𝑔0 = 33. Therefore, the maximum value of 𝑔 is 33.
0.16
𝑥-2
Since the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 330.160.4 displays the value 33, the equation defining 𝑔 displays
the maximum value of 𝑔. Thus, only equation II displays, as a constant or coefficient, the
maximum value of the function it defines.

Question ID 5ae186b4 Question ID c77ef2fb
variables variables
ID: 5ae186b4 ID: c77ef2fb
Blood volume, , in a human can be determined using the

What is the solution to the given equation?
equation , where is the plasma volume and H is
ID: 5ae186b4 Answer the hematocrit (the fraction of blood volume that is red blood
Correct Answer: -9 cells). Which of the following correctly expresses the hematocrit in
terms of the blood volume and the plasma volume?
Rationale
The correct answer is -9. Since 𝑤 is in the denominator of a fraction in the given equation, 𝑤 A.
can't be equal to 0. Since 𝑤 isn't equal to 0, multiplying both sides of the given equation by 𝑤
yields an equivalent equation, -54 = 6𝑤. Dividing both sides of this equation by 6 yields
B.
-9 = 𝑤. Therefore, -9 is the solution to the given equation.

C.
D.
ID: c77ef2fb Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The hematocrit can be expressed in terms of the blood volume and the
plasma volume by solving the given equation for H. Multiplying both sides of
this equation by yields . Dividing both sides by yields
. Subtracting 1 from both sides yields . Dividing both sides by

Question ID b76a2815
yields .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when manipulating the
equation.
in one variable and
systems of
Question Difficulty: Medium equations in two
variables
ID: b76a2815
The power P produced by a machine is represented by the

equation above, where W is the work performed during an
amount of time t. Which of the following correctly expresses W in
terms of P and t ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b76a2815 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Multiplying both sides of the equation by t yields , or
, which expresses W in terms of P and t. This is equivalent to W = Pt.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Each of the expressions given in these answer choices
gives W in terms of P and t but doesn’t maintain the given relationship between W, P, and t.
These expressions may result from performing different operations with t on each side of the
equation. In choice B, W has been multiplied by t, and P has been divided by t. In choice C, W
has been multiplied by t, and the quotient of P divided by t has been reciprocated. In choice
D, W has been multiplied by t, and P has been added to t. However, in order to maintain the
relationship between the variables in the given equation, the same operation must be
Question ID 364a2d25
performed with t on each side of the equation.
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 364a2d25
If one solution to the system of equations above is ,
what is one possible value of x ?
ID: 364a2d25 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 8 or 9. The first equation can be rewritten as .

Substituting for y in the second equation gives . By applying the
distributive property, this can be rewritten as . Subtracting 72 from both sides
of the equation yields . Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields
. Applying the Zero Product Property, it follows that and .
Solving each equation for x yields and respectively. Note that 8 and 9 are
examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Question ID 09f58996 Question ID 100030d9

ID: 09f58996 ID: 100030d9
The function is defined by . What is the value of ? A rubber ball bounces upward one-half the height that it falls each
time it hits the ground. If the ball was originally dropped from a
distance of 20.0 feet above the ground, what was its maximum
ID: 09f58996 Answer
height above the ground, in feet, between the third and fourth
Correct Answer: 12 time it hit the ground?
Rationale
ID: 100030d9 Answer
The correct answer is 12. The value of 𝑓36 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 36. Substituting 36 for 𝑥
in the given equation yields 𝑓36 = 6 + √36 , which is equivalent to 𝑓36 = 6 + 6, or 𝑓36 = 12. Rationale
Thus, the value of 𝑓36 is 12.
The correct answer is 2.5. After hitting the ground once, the ball bounces to
feet. After hitting the ground a second time, the ball bounces to feet. After
hitting the ground for the third time, the ball bounces to feet. Note that 2.5 and
5/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID beb86a0c Question ID 5910bfff
systems of
equations in two
ID: beb86a0c variables
Which expression is equivalent to ? ID: 5910bfff

A.
B.
C. The formula above can be used to approximate the dew point D,

in degrees Fahrenheit, given the temperature T, in degrees
D. Fahrenheit, and the relative humidity of H percent, where .
Which of the following expresses the relative humidity in terms of

ID: beb86a0c Answer the temperature and the dew point?
Correct Answer: A
A.
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since 𝑥 is a factor of each term in the given expression, the expression is B.
equivalent to 𝑥9𝑥 + 𝑥5, or 𝑥9𝑥 + 5.
Choice B is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 45𝑥2 + 5𝑥, not 9𝑥2 + 5𝑥. C.
Choice C is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 9𝑥2 + 45𝑥, not 9𝑥2 + 5𝑥.
D.
Choice D is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 9𝑥3 + 5𝑥2 , not 9𝑥2 + 5𝑥.

ID: 5910bfff Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Solving this formula for H
expresses the relative humidity in terms of the temperature and the dew point. Subtracting T
from both sides of this equation yields . Multiplying both sides by
yields . Subtracting 100 from both sides yields

Question ID 7ba694f3
. Multiplying both sides by results in the formula
.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rewriting the given
formula. ID: 7ba694f3

The number of bacteria in a liquid medium doubles every day. There are bacteria in the
liquid medium at the start of an observation. Which represents the number of bacteria, , in the
liquid medium days after the start of the observation?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 7ba694f3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the number of bacteria doubles every day, the relationship between
𝑡
𝑡 and 𝑦 can be represented by an exponential equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 is the
number of bacteria at the start of the observation and the number of bacteria increases by a
factor of 𝑏 every day. It’s given that there are 44,000 bacteria at the start of the observation.
Therefore, 𝑎 = 44,000. It’s also given that the number of bacteria doubles, or increases by a
factor of 2, every day. Therefore, 𝑏 = 2. Substituting 44,000 for 𝑎 and 2 for 𝑏 in the equation
𝑡 𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 yields 𝑦 = 44,0002 .
Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the number of bacteria is
decreasing by half, not doubling, every day.

Question ID fbb96bb1 Question Difficulty: Hard

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fbb96bb1
Which of the following are solutions to the given equation, where is a constant and ?
I.
II.
III.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
ID: fbb96bb1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Subtracting the expression 𝑥 - 29 from both sides of the given equation
yields 0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 - 𝑥 - 29, which can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 + -1𝑥 - 29. Since the two
terms on the right-hand side of this equation have a common factor of 𝑥 - 29, it can be
rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + -1, or 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1. Since 𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 is equivalent to 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1, the
equation 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1. By the zero product property,
it follows that 𝑥 - 29 = 0 or 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0. Adding 29 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 29 = 0
yields 𝑥 = 29. Adding 𝑎 + 1 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 1.
Therefore, the two solutions to the given equation are 29 and 𝑎 + 1. Thus, only 𝑎 + 1 and 29,
not 𝑎, are solutions to the given equation.
Question ID 6e06a0a7 Question ID ad038c19

ID: 6e06a0a7 ID: ad038c19
Which of the following expressions is Which of the following is

equivalent to ?
equivalent to ?
A.
B. A.
C.
B.
D.
C.
ID: 6e06a0a7 Answer
Correct Answer: D
D.
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Expanding the given expression using the distributive property yields
ID: ad038c19 Answer
. Combining like terms yields , or , which
Correct Answer: D
is equivalent to .
Rationale
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from incorrectly combining like terms. Choice
C is incorrect and may result from distributing only to a, and not to 3, in the given
Choice D is correct. The expression can be rewritten as . Using
expression.
the distributive property, the expression yields .

Combining like terms gives .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors using the distributive property
on the given expression or combining like terms.
Question ID c7a187a7
ID: c7a187a7
If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is an x-intercept of the
graph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c7a187a7 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the
points where 𝑦 = 0. Thus, for an x-intercept of the graph of function 𝑓, 0 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 0
for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 360 yields 0 = 𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 360. Factoring the right-hand side
of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥 + 12𝑥 - 30. By the zero product property, 𝑥 + 12 = 0 and 𝑥 - 30 = 0.
Subtracting 12 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 12 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 12. Adding 30 to both
sides of the equation 𝑥 - 30 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 30. Therefore, the x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 are -12, 0 and 30, 0. Of these two x-intercepts, only -12, 0 is given as a choice.
the graph is approximately 13,500. The x-coordinate of that point is approximately 1,250.
Question ID ebe4bde0 Therefore, the closest elevation at which the plant diversity is the greatest is 1,250 meters.
Choice A is incorrect. This value is closest to the greatest y-coordinate of any point on the
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi graph and therefore represents the greatest measure of plant diversity, not the elevation
where the greatest measure of plant diversity occurs. Choice B is incorrect. At an elevation of
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions 3,000 meters the measure of plant diversity is approximately 4,000. Because there are points
on the graph with greater y-coordinates, 4,000 can’t be the greatest measure of plant
diversity, and 3,000 meters isn’t the elevation at which the greatest measure of plant
ID: ebe4bde0
diversity occurs. Choice D is incorrect. At an elevation of 250 meters, the measure of plant
diversity is approximately 11,000. Because there are points on the graph with greater y-
coordinates, 11,000 can’t be the greatest measure of plant diversity and 250 meters isn’t the
elevation at which the greatest measure of plant diversity occurs.
The quadratic function graphed above models a particular

measure of plant diversity as a function of the elevation in a
region of Switzerland. According to the model, which of the
following is closest to the elevation, in meters, at which plant
diversity is greatest?
A. 13,500
B. 3,000
C. 1,250
D. 250
ID: ebe4bde0 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Each point on the graph represents the elevation x, in meters, and
the corresponding measure of plant diversity y in a region of Switzerland. Therefore, the

point on the graph with the greatest y-coordinate represents the location that has the
greatest measure of plant diversity in the region. The greatest y-coordinate of any point on
Question ID ef926848 Question ID 77c0cced
in one variable and
systems of
ID: ef926848 equations in two
variables
Square P has a side length of inches. Square Q has a perimeter that is inches greater than the
perimeter of square P. The function gives the area of square Q, in square inches. Which of the ID: 77c0cced
following defines ?
A.
B. In the given system of equations, is a constant. The graphs of the equations in the given system
intersect at exactly one point, , in the xy-plane. What is the value of ?
C.
A.
D.
B.
ID: ef926848 Answer C.
Correct Answer: A D.
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Let 𝑥 represent the side length, in inches, of square P. It follows that the ID: 77c0cced Answer
perimeter of square P is 4𝑥 inches. It's given that square Q has a perimeter that is 176 inches Correct Answer: C
greater than the perimeter of square P. Thus, the perimeter of square Q is 176 inches greater
Rationale
than 4𝑥 inches, or 4𝑥 + 176 inches. Since the perimeter of a square is 4 times the side length
4𝑥 + 176
of the square, each side length of Q is , or 𝑥 + 44 inches. Since the area of a square is Choice C is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system intersect
4
calculated by multiplying the length of two sides, the area of square Q is 𝑥 + 44𝑥 + 44, or at exactly one point, 𝑥, 𝑦, in the xy-plane. Therefore, 𝑥, 𝑦 is the only solution to the given
2 2
𝑥 + 44 square inches. It follows that function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 44 . system of equations. The given system of equations can be solved by subtracting the second
equation, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑎, from the first equation, 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64. This yields
Choice B is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 𝑥 + 176 inches.
𝑦 - 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64 - 3𝑥 + 𝑎, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎. Since the given system has only one
solution, this equation has only one solution. A quadratic equation in the form
Choice C is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 44 inches.
𝑟𝑥2 + 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑡 = 0, where 𝑟, 𝑠, and 𝑡 are constants, has one solution if and only if the
Choice D is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 176 inches. discriminant, 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡, is equal to zero. Substituting 2 for 𝑟, -24 for 𝑠, and -𝑎 + 64 for 𝑡 in the
2
expression 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡 yields -24 - 4264 - 𝑎. Setting this expression equal to zero yields
Question Difficulty: Hard 2
-24 - 4264 - 𝑎 = 0, or 8𝑎 + 64 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields
8𝑎 = - 64. Dividing both sides of this equation by 8 yields 𝑎 = - 8. Substituting -8 for 𝑎 in the
equation 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎 yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 + 8, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 72. Factoring 2
from the right-hand side of this equation yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36. Dividing both sides of this
2
equation by 2 yields 0 = 𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36, which is equivalent to 0 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 6, or 0 = 𝑥 - 6 . Taking
the square root of both sides of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥 - 6. Adding 6 to both sides of this
equation yields 𝑥 = 6.
Question ID 635f54ee
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎, not 𝑥.
Question Difficulty: Hard ID: 635f54ee
The surface area of a cube is , where a is a positive
constant. Which of the following gives the perimeter of one face

of the cube?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 635f54ee Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A cube has 6 faces of equal area, so if the total surface area of a cube is
, then the area of one face is . Likewise, the area of one face of a cube is the
square of one of its edges; therefore, if the area of one face is , then the length of one
edge of the cube is . Since the perimeter of one face of a cube is four times the length of
one edge, the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is , then the total
Question ID a26c29f7
surface area of the cube is , which is not . Choice C is incorrect
because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is 4a, then the total surface area of the cube Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi
is , which is not . Choice D is incorrect because if the perimeter of one SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
face of the cube is 6a, then the total surface area of the cube is , which is ID: a26c29f7
The function is defined by . In the xy-plane, the graph of is the result of

not .
shifting the graph of down units. Which equation defines function ?
Question Difficulty: Hard A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a26c29f7 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. If the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the result of shifting the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 down 𝑘
units in the xy-plane, the function 𝑔 can be defined by an equation of the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 𝑘. It’s
given that 𝑓𝑥 = 7𝑥3 and the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the result of shifting the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 down 2
units. Substituting 7𝑥3 for 𝑓𝑥 and 2 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 𝑘 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 7𝑥3 - 2.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation defines a function 𝑔 for which the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the
result of shifting the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 up, not down, 2 units.
is a solution to the system, then possible values of are and
Question ID 0980fcdd . Only 0 is among the given choices.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice B is incorrect. This is the x-coordinate of one of the solutions, . Choice C is
incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors. Choice D is incorrect. This
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations is the square of the x-coordinate of one of the solutions, .
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 0980fcdd
A solution to the given system of equations is . Which of the
following is a possible value of xy ?
A. 0
B. 6
C. 12
D. 36
ID: 0980fcdd Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Solutions to the given system of equations are ordered pairs that
satisfy both equations in the system. Adding the left-hand and right-hand sides of the
equations in the system yields , or . Subtracting y
from both sides of this equation yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this
equation yields and . Therefore, there are two solutions to this system of
equations, one with an x-coordinate of 6 and the other with an x-coordinate of .
Substituting 6 for x in the second equation yields , or ; therefore, one
solution is . Similarly, substituting for x in the second equation yields
, or ; therefore, the other solution is . It follows then that if

Multiplying both sides of the equation by 2 yields . Therefore, according to
Question ID e1391dd6 Moore’s law, 4 years after 1985, or in 1989, the number of transistors included on
microprocessors is estimated to reach 1.1 million.
Alternate approach: According to Moore’s law, 2 years after 1985 (in 1987), the number of
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions transistors included on a microprocessor is estimated to be , or 550,000, and 2
years after 1987 (in 1989), the number of transistors included on microprocessors is
estimated to be , or 1,100,000. Therefore, the year that Moore’s law estimates the
ID: e1391dd6
number of transistors on microprocessors to reach 1.1 million is 1989.
According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors included on
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. According to Moore’s law, the number of transistors
microprocessors doubles every 2 years. In 1985, a microprocessor
included on microprocessors is estimated to reach 550,000 in 1987, 2.2 million in 1991, and
was introduced that had 275,000 transistors. Based on this
about 6.2 million in 1994.
information, in which of the following years does Moore’s law
estimate the number of transistors to reach 1.1 million?
A. 1987
B. 1989
C. 1991
D. 1994
ID: e1391dd6 Answer
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let x be the number of years after 1985. It follows that represents the
number of 2-year periods that will occur within an x-year period. According to Moore’s law,
every 2 years, the number of transistors included on microprocessors is estimated to double.
Therefore, x years after 1985, the number of transistors will double times. Since the
number of transistors included on a microprocessor was 275,000, or .275 million, in 1985, the
estimated number of transistors, in millions, included x years after 1985 can be modeled as
. The year in which the number of transistors is estimated to be 1.1 million is
represented by the value of x when . Dividing both sides of this equation by
.275 yields , which can be rewritten as . Since the exponential equation has
equal bases on each side, it follows that the exponents must also be equal: .
Question ID 3c600337 Question ID 3ea87153

ID: 3c600337 ID: 3ea87153
The function is defined by . What is the value of ? The function is defined by . For which value of is ?
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
D. D.
ID: 3c600337 Answer ID: 3ea87153 Answer

Correct Answer: D Correct Answer: A
Rationale Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value of 𝑓0 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 9. Substituting 25 for 𝑔𝑥 in this equation yields
0
given function yields 𝑓0 = 2700.1 , or 𝑓0 = 2701, which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = 270. Therefore, 25 = 𝑥2 + 9. Subtracting 9 from both sides of this equation yields 16 = 𝑥2 . Taking the square
the value of 𝑓0 is 270. root of each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = ± 4. It follows that 𝑔𝑥 = 25 when the value of 𝑥 is
4 or -4. Only 4 is listed among the choices.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥, not 𝑓𝑥.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓1, not 𝑓0.
Question ID 87a3de81 Question ID 499cb491
systems of
equations in two
variables ID: 499cb491
ID: 87a3de81 Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
If a is a solution of the equation above and
, what is the value of a ? C.
D.
ID: 87a3de81 Answer

ID: 499cb491 Answer
Rationale
Correct Answer: A
The correct answer is 3. The solution to the given equation can be found by factoring the
Rationale
quadratic expression. The factors can be determined by finding two numbers with a sum of 1
and a product of . The two numbers that meet these constraints are 4 and . Therefore, Choice A is correct. Since each term of the given expression has a factor of 5𝑥, it can be
the given equation can be rewritten as . It follows that the solutions to the rewritten as 5𝑥𝑥 - 5𝑥10𝑦2 , or 5𝑥𝑥 - 10𝑦2 .
equation are or . Since it is given that , a must equal 3.

Question Difficulty: Medium Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is correct. For the quadratic function , the vertex of the graph is ,
Question ID d46da42c and because the term is positive, the vertex is the minimum of the function. Choice D is
the only option that meets these conditions.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The vertex of each of these graphs doesn’t correspond to
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions the minimum of the given function.

ID: d46da42c
The function f is defined as shown. Which of the following graphs

in the xy-plane could be the graph of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d46da42c Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Question ID 4209aefe
ID: 4209aefe
The function models the value, in dollars, of a certain bank account by the end
of each year from through , where is the number of years after . Which of the
following is the best interpretation of “ is approximately equal to ” in this context?
A. The value of the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars greater in than in
.
B. The value of the bank account is estimated to be approximately dollars in .
C. The value, in dollars, of the bank account is estimated to be approximately times greater in
than in .
D. The value of the bank account is estimated to increase by approximately dollars every
years between and .
ID: 4209aefe Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑥
Choice B is correct. It’s given that the function 𝑓𝑥 = 2061.034 models the value, in dollars, of
a certain bank account by the end of each year from 1957 through 1972, where 𝑥 is the
number of years after 1957. It follows that 𝑓𝑥 represents the estimated value, in dollars, of the
bank account 𝑥 years after 1957. Since the value of 𝑓5 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 5, it follows
that “𝑓5 is approximately equal to 243” means that 𝑓𝑥 is approximately equal to 243 when
𝑥 = 5. In the given context, this means that the value of the bank account is estimated to be
approximately 243 dollars 5 years after 1957. Therefore, the best interpretation of the
statement “𝑓5 is approximately equal to 243” in this context is the value of the bank account
is estimated to be approximately 243 dollars in 1962.
Question ID 1697ffcf Question ID 5bf0f84a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 5bf0f84a
variables
ID: 1697ffcf The function above models the height h, in feet, of an object
above ground t seconds after being launched straight up in the
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects the graph air. What does the number 72 represent in the function?
of at the points and . What is the value of a ? A. The initial height, in feet, of the object
B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object

ID: 1697ffcf Answer
C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object
Rationale
D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object
The correct answer is 5. The intersection points of the graphs of and can
be found by solving the system consisting of these two equations. To solve the system, ID: 5bf0f84a Answer
substitute x for y in the first equation. This gives . Subtracting x from both Correct Answer: A
sides of the equation gives . Factoring out of each term on the left-hand Rationale
side of the equation gives . Therefore, the possible values for x are 0 and 5. Since
Choice A is correct. The variable t represents the seconds after the object is launched. Since
, the two intersection points are and . Therefore, . , this means that the height, in feet, at 0 seconds, or the initial height, is 72 feet.
Question Difficulty: Hard Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of misinterpreting the function in
context.

Question ID c048055c
ID: c048055c
A model predicts that the population of Springfield was in . The model also predicts
that each year for the next years, the population increased by of the previous year's
population. Which equation best represents this model, where is the number of years after ,
for ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: c048055c Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that a model predicts the population of Springfield in 2005 was
15,000. The model also predicts that each year for the next 5 years, the population increased
by 4% of the previous year's population. The predicted population in one of these years can
be found by multiplying the predicted population from the previous year by 1.04. Since the
predicted population in 2005 was 15,000, the predicted population 1 year later is
15,000 ( 1.04 ) . The predicted population 2 years later is this value times 1.04, which is
2
15,0001.041.04, or 15,0001.04 . The predicted population 3 years later is this value times 1.04,
3
or 15,0001.04 . More generally, the predicted population, 𝑝, 𝑥 years after 2005 is represented
by the equation 𝑝 = 15,0001.04𝑥 .
Choice A is incorrect. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in this equation indicates the predicted population
in 2005 was 0.96 rather than 15,000.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in this equation indicates the predicted population
in 2005 was 1.04 rather than 15,000.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation indicates the predicted population is decreasing, rather
than increasing, by 4% each year.
Question ID 70ebd3d0
ID: 70ebd3d0
The function N defined above can be used to model the number

of species of brachiopods at various ocean depths d, where d is in
hundreds of meters. Which of the following does the model
predict?
A. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.
B. For every increase in depth by 1 meter, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.
C. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 115.
D. For every increase in depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.
ID: 70ebd3d0 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The function N is exponential, so it follows that changes by a fixed
percentage for each increase in d by 1. Since d is measured in hundreds of meters, it also

follows that the number of brachiopod species changes by a fixed percentage for each
increase in ocean depth by 100 meters. Since the base of the exponent in the model is 0.90,
which is less than 1, the number of brachiopod species decreases as the ocean depth
increases. Specifically, the number of brachiopod species at a depth of meters is 90%
of the number of brachiopod species at a depth of d meters. This means that for each
increase in ocean depth by 100 meters, the number of brachiopod species decreases by 10%.
Choices A and C are incorrect. These describe situations where the number of brachiopod
species are decreasing linearly rather than exponentially. Choice B is incorrect and results
from interpreting the decrease in the number of brachiopod species as 10% for every 1-meter
increase in ocean depth rather than for every 100-meter increase in ocean depth.
Question ID 20291f47 Question ID 42f8e4b4
ID: 20291f47 ID: 42f8e4b4
Which expression is equivalent to ? One of the factors of is , where is a positive constant. What is the
smallest possible value of ?
A.
B. ID: 42f8e4b4 Answer
C. Correct Answer: 8
Rationale
D.
The correct answer is 8. Since each term of the given expression, 2𝑥3 + 42𝑥2 + 208𝑥, has a
factor of 2𝑥, the expression can be rewritten as 2𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥21𝑥 + 2𝑥104, or 2𝑥𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104.
ID: 20291f47 Answer Since the values 8 and 13 have a sum of 21 and a product of 104, the expression
Correct Answer: C 𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104 can be factored as 𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. Therefore, the given expression can be factored
as 2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. It follows that the factors of the given expression are 2, 𝑥, 𝑥 + 8, and 𝑥 + 13.
Rationale
Of these factors, only 𝑥 + 8 and 𝑥 + 13 are of the form 𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑏 is a positive constant.
Choice C is correct. Factoring the denominator in the second term of the given expression Therefore, the possible values of 𝑏 are 8 and 13. Thus, the smallest possible value of 𝑏 is 8.
𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
gives + . This expression can be rewritten with common denominators by
𝑥-8 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
multiplying the first term by , giving + . Adding these two terms yields
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8
𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 + 𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥𝑦2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦
. Using the distributive property to rewrite this expression gives .
𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦
𝑥𝑦2 + 13𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦
Combining the like terms in the numerator of this expression gives .
𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦
Question ID a67a439d Question ID de39858a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: de39858a
variables
The function is defined by , where and are positive constants. The graph of
ID: a67a439d in the -plane passes through the points ( , ) and ( , ). What is the value of ?
A.
B.
Which ordered pair is a solution to the given system of equations?
C.
A.
D.
B.
C. ID: de39858a Answer

D. Correct Answer: C
Rationale
ID: a67a439d Answer Choice C is correct. It’s given that the function ℎ is defined by ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and that the graph
325
Correct Answer: A of 𝑦 = ℎ ( 𝑥 ) in the xy-plane passes through the points 0, 10 and -2, 36
. Substituting 0 for 𝑥
and 10 for ℎ𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields 10 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏, or 10 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from
Rationale 325
both sides of this equation yields 9 = 𝑏. Substituting -2 for 𝑥 and 36
for ℎ𝑥 in the equation
325
Choice A is correct. The solution to a system of equations is the ordered pair 𝑥, 𝑦 that satisfies ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 9 yields
36
= 𝑎-2 + 9. Subtracting 9 from both sides of this equation yields
all equations in the system. It's given by the first equation in the system that 𝑥 + 7 = 10. 1
= 𝑎-2 , which can be rewritten as 𝑎2 = 36. Taking the square root of both sides of this
36
Substituting 10 for 𝑥 + 7 into the second equation yields 10 = 𝑦, or 𝑦 = 100. The x-coordinate
2
equation yields 𝑎 = 6 and 𝑎 = - 6, but because it’s given that 𝑎 is a positive constant, 𝑎 must
of the solution to the system of equations can be found by subtracting 7 from both sides of equal 6. Because the value of 𝑎 is 6 and the value of 𝑏 is 9, the value of 𝑎𝑏 is ( 6 ) ( 9 ) , or 54.
the equation 𝑥 + 7 = 10, which yields 𝑥 = 3. Therefore, the ordered pair 3, 100 is a solution to
the given system of equations.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the value of 𝑎-2 𝑏 rather than the value of 𝑎𝑏
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. .
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly finding the value of 𝑎 as 6, but
multiplying it by the y-value in the first ordered pair rather than by the value of 𝑏.
Question ID 2683b5db Question ID 1178f2df
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 1178f2df
variables
ID: 2683b5db
In a city, the property tax T, in dollars, is calculated using the

formula above, where P is the value of the property, in dollars.
Which of the following expresses the value of the property in The table shows three values of and their corresponding values of , where and is
terms of the property tax? a quadratic function. What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-
plane?
A.
B. ID: 1178f2df Answer

Correct Answer: -2112
C.
Rationale
D.
The correct answer is -2,112. It's given that 𝑓 is a quadratic function. It follows that 𝑓 can be
2
defined by an equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. It's also
given that the table shows three values of 𝑥 and their corresponding values of 𝑦, where
ID: 2683b5db Answer 2 2
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4. This
Correct Answer: D equation represents a quadratic relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦, where 𝑘 + 4 is either the
Rationale maximum or the minimum value of 𝑦, which occurs when 𝑥 = ℎ. For quadratic relationships
between 𝑥 and 𝑦, the maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at the value of 𝑥 halfway
Choice D is correct. To express the value of the property in terms of the property tax, the between any two values of 𝑥 that have the same corresponding value of 𝑦. The table shows
given equation must be solved for P. Multiplying both sides of the equation by 100 gives that x-values of 21 and 25 correspond to the same y-value, -8. Since 23 is halfway between 21
. Adding 40,000 to both sides of the equation gives . and 25, the maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at an x-value of 23. The table shows that
when 𝑥 = 23, 𝑦 = 8. It follows that ℎ = 23 and 𝑘 + 4 = 8. Subtracting 4 from both sides of the
Therefore, .
equation 𝑘 + 4 = 8 yields 𝑘 = 4. Substituting 23 for ℎ and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation
2 2 2
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4 yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 4 + 4, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 8. The value of 𝑎 can be found by
Choice A is incorrect and may result from multiplying 40,000 by 0.01, then subtracting 400
substituting any x-value and its corresponding y-value for 𝑥 and 𝑦, respectively, in this
from, instead of adding 400 to, the left-hand side of the equation. Choice B is incorrect and 2
equation. Substituting 25 for 𝑥 and -8 for 𝑦 in this equation yields -8 = 𝑎25 - 23 + 8, or
may result from multiplying 40,000 by 0.01. Choice C is incorrect and may result from 2 2
-8 = 𝑎2 + 8. Subtracting 8 from both sides of this equation yields -16 = 𝑎2 , or -16 = 4𝑎.
subtracting instead of adding 40,000 from the left-hand side of the equation.
Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields -4 = 𝑎. Substituting -4 for 𝑎, 23 for ℎ, and 4 for
𝑘 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 23 + 4. The y-intercept of the graph of
2 2
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the
equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4 yields 𝑓0 = - 40 - 232 + 4, or 𝑓0 = - 4-232 + 4. This is equivalent to
𝑓0 = - 2,112, so the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, - 2,112. Thus, the y-
Question ID ce940f80
coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is -2,112.
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ce940f80
What is a solution to the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ce940f80 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Multiplying the left- and right-hand sides of the given equation by 25
yields 𝑥2 = 900. Taking the square root of the left- and right-hand sides of this equation
yields 𝑥 = 30 or 𝑥 = - 30. Of these two solutions, only 30 is given as a choice.
Choice A is incorrect. This is a solution to the equation 𝑥2 = 36.

Question ID 45df91ee Question ID 67e866b5
expressions
ID: 45df91ee
ID: 67e866b5
If the given function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , what is the y-intercept of the Which expression is equivalent to ?
graph? A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: 67e866b5 Answer

ID: 45df91ee Answer Correct Answer: D
Correct Answer: A Rationale
Rationale
Choice D is correct. In the given expression, the first two terms, 9𝑥2 and 7𝑥2 , are like terms.
Choice A is correct. The x-coordinate of any y-intercept of a graph is 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in Combining these like terms yields 9𝑥2 + 7𝑥2 , or 16𝑥2 . It follows that the expression
10 9𝑥2 + 7𝑥2 + 9𝑥 is equivalent to 16𝑥2 + 9𝑥.
the given equation yields 𝑔0 = 11 12 . Since any nonzero number raised to the 0th power is 1,
this gives 𝑔 ( 0 ) = 11 · 1, or 𝑔 ( 0 ) = 11. The y-intercept of the graph is, therefore, the point
0, 11.
Question ID fd65f47f Question ID 97158b3a

expressions
ID: 97158b3a
ID: fd65f47f
The area A, in square centimeters, of a rectangular painting can be represented by the expression
Which expression is equivalent to ? , where is the width, in centimeters, of the painting. Which expression represents the
A. length, in centimeters, of the painting?
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: fd65f47f Answer

Correct Answer: D ID: 97158b3a Answer
Rationale Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given expression is equivalent to 2𝑥2 + 𝑥 + -9 + 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 1, which
can be rewritten as 2𝑥2 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + -9 + 1. Adding like terms in this expression yields Choice C is correct. It's given that the expression 𝑤𝑤 + 29 represents the area, in square
3𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + -8, or 3𝑥2 + 7𝑥 - 8. centimeters, of a rectangular painting, where 𝑤 is the width, in centimeters, of the painting.
The area of a rectangle can be calculated by multiplying its length by its width. It follows
that the length, in centimeters, of the painting is represented by the expression 𝑤 + 29.
Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the width, in centimeters, of the painting,
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. not its length, in centimeters.
Question Difficulty: Easy Choice B is incorrect. This is the difference between the length, in centimeters, and the
width, in centimeters, of the painting, not its length, in centimeters.
Choice D is incorrect. This expression represents the area, in square centimeters, of

the painting, not its length, in centimeters.

Question ID 84e8cc72 Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

ID: 84e8cc72
A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time,
in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has
an initial height of feet above the ground and reaches its maximum height of feet above
the ground seconds after being launched. Based on the model, what is the height, in feet, of the
object above the ground seconds after being launched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 84e8cc72 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object
above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated
2
surface. This quadratic function can be defined by an equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘,
where 𝑓𝑥 is the height of the object 𝑥 seconds after it was launched, and 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are
constants such that the function reaches its maximum value, 𝑘, when 𝑥 = ℎ. Since the model
indicates the object reaches its maximum height of 1,034 feet above the ground 8 seconds
after being launched, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its maximum value, 1,034, when 𝑥 = 8. Therefore, 𝑘 = 1,034
2
and ℎ = 8. Substituting 8 for ℎ and 1,034 for 𝑘 in the function 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 yields
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 82 + 1,034. Since the model indicates the object has an initial height of 10 feet above
the ground, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 10 when 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation
2 2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 8 + 1,034 yields 10 = 𝑎0 - 8 + 1,034, or 10 = 64𝑎 + 1,034. Subtracting 1,034 from both
sides of this equation yields 64𝑎 = - 1,024. Dividing both sides of this equation by 64 yields
𝑎 = - 16. Therefore, the model can be represented by the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 16𝑥 - 82 + 1,034.
Substituting 10 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑓10 = - 1610 - 82 + 1,034, or 𝑓10 = 970. Therefore,
based on the model, 10 seconds after being launched, the height of the object above the
ground is 970 feet.
Question ID 12e7faf8 Question ID 89fc23af

ID: 12e7faf8 ID: 89fc23af

The equation is true for all , where
equivalent to ?
a and d are integers. What is the value of ?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
D. C.
D.
ID: 12e7faf8 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale ID: 89fc23af Answer

Correct Answer: D
Choice C is correct. Since the expression can be factored as , the
Rationale
given equation can be rewritten as . Since , is also not Choice D is correct. The numerator of the given expression can be rewritten in terms of the
denominator, , as follows: , which is equivalent to
equal to 0, so both the numerator and denominator of can be divided by . . So the given expression is equivalent to
This gives . Equating the coefficient of x on each side of the equation gives
. Equating the constant terms gives . The sum is . . Since the given expression is defined for
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly simplifying the equation. Choices B , the expression can be rewritten as .
and D are incorrect. They are the values of d and a, respectively, not .
Long division can also be used as an alternate approach. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect
Question Difficulty: Hard and may result from errors made when dividing the two polynomials or making use of
structure.
Question Difficulty: Hard Question ID d8ace155
ID: d8ace155
A company opens an account with an initial balance of . The account earns interest, and
no additional deposits or withdrawals are made. The account balance is given by an exponential
function , where is the account balance, in dollars, years after the account is opened. The
account balance after years is . Which equation could define ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: d8ace155 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since it's given that the account balance, 𝐴𝑡, in dollars, after 𝑡 years can
be modeled by an exponential function, it follows that function 𝐴 can be written in the form
𝐴𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟𝑡 , where 𝑁 is the initial value of the function and 𝑟 is a constant related to the growth
of the function. It's given that the initial balance of the account is $ 36,100.00, so it follows
that the initial value of the function, or 𝑁, must be 36,100.00. Substituting 36,100.00 for 𝑁 in
the equation 𝐴𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟𝑡 yields 𝐴𝑡 = 36,100.00𝑟𝑡 . It's given that the account balance after 13
years, or when 𝑡 = 13, is $ 68,071.93. It follows that 𝐴13 = 68,071.93, or
36,100.00𝑟13 = 68,071.93. Dividing each side of the equation 36,100.00𝑟13 = 68,071.93 by
68,071.93
36,100.00 yields 𝑟13 = . Taking the 13th root of both sides of this equation yields
36,100.00
68,071.93
𝑟 = 13√
36,100.00
, or 𝑟 is approximately equal to 1.05. Substituting 1.05 for 𝑟 in the equation
𝑡 𝑡
𝐴𝑡 = 36,100.00𝑟𝑡 yields 𝐴𝑡 = 36,100.001.05 , so the equation 𝐴𝑡 = 36,100.001.05 could define 𝐴.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting 0 for 𝑡 in this function indicates an initial balance of

$ 31,971.93, rather than $ 36,100.00.
Choice C is incorrect. Substituting 0 for 𝑡 in this function indicates an initial balance of

$ 31,971.93, rather than $ 36,100.00. Additionally, this function indicates the account
balance is decreasing, rather than increasing, over time.
Choice D is incorrect. This function indicates the account balance is decreasing, rather than Question ID c3a72da5
increasing, over time.
expressions
ID: c3a72da5
Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of

and ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c3a72da5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Adding the two expressions yields . Because the
pair of terms and and the pair of terms and each contain the same variable
raised to the same power, they are like terms and can be combined as and ,
respectively. The sum of the given expressions therefore simplifies to .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from adding the coefficients and the exponents in the
given expressions. Choice B is incorrect and may result from adding the exponents as well
as the coefficients of the like terms in the given expressions. Choice C is incorrect and may
result from multiplying, rather than adding, the coefficients of the like terms in the given
expressions.

Question ID 911c415b Question ID dba7432e
expressions
ID: dba7432e
ID: 911c415b
x f (x)
0 5
The expression above can be written in the form , where a
1
and b are constants. What is the value of ?
2
ID: 911c415b Answer
Rationale 3
The correct answer is 6632. Applying the distributive property to the expression yields
. Then adding together and The table above gives the values of the function f for some values
of x. Which of the following equations could define f ?
and collecting like terms results in . This is written in the form , where
and . Therefore . A.
Question Difficulty: Hard B.
C.
D.
ID: dba7432e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Each choice has a function with coefficient 5 and base 2, so the
exponents must be analyzed. When the input value of x increases, the output value of f(x)
decreases, so the exponent must be negative. An exponent of –x yields the values in the
table: , , , and .
Choices A and B are incorrect and may result from choosing equations that yield an
increasing, rather than decreasing, output value of f(x) when the input value of x increases.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from choosing an equation that doesn’t yield the values
Question ID b74f2feb
in the table.
expressions
ID: b74f2feb
The expression is equivalent to , where and are positive constants and

. What is the value of ?
ID: b74f2feb Answer

Correct Answer: 361/8, 45.12, 45.13
Rationale
361 𝑚
The correct answer is .
The rational exponent property is 𝑛√𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦 𝑛 , where 𝑦 > 0, 𝑚 and 𝑛
8
are integers, and 𝑛 > 0. This property can be applied to rewrite the given expression
5 8 5 45 8 1 1
6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 as 63 5 𝑥 5 2 8 𝑥 8 , or 63𝑥9 2𝑥 8 . This expression can be rewritten by multiplying the
1
constants, which gives 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 . The multiplication exponent property is 𝑦𝑛 · 𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦𝑛 + 𝑚 , where
1 1 73
𝑦 > 0. This property can be applied to rewrite the expression 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 as 36𝑥9 + 8 , or 36𝑥 8 .
5 8 73 5 8
Therefore, 6 √35 𝑥45 8
· √2 𝑥 = 36𝑥 . It's given that
8 6 √35 𝑥45 8
· √2 𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥 ; therefore, 𝑏
73 73
𝑎 = 36 and 𝑏 = . It follows that 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 36 + . Finding a common denominator on the
8 8
288 73 361
right-hand side of this equation gives 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8
+ 8
, or 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8
. Note that 361/8, 45.12,
and 45.13 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 16de54c7 Question ID 2f958af9
systems of
equations in two
ID: 16de54c7 variables
ID: 2f958af9
If the given expression is rewritten in the form ,
where k is a constant, what is the value of k ?
The formula above expresses the square of the speed v of a wave

ID: 16de54c7 Answer moving along a string in terms of tension T, mass m, and length L
of the string. What is T in terms of m, v, and L ?
Rationale
The correct answer is 4. It’s given that can be rewritten as ; it A.

follows that . Expanding the left-hand side of this equation
yields . Subtracting from both sides of this equation B.
yields . Using properties of equality, and .
Either equation can be solved for k. Dividing both sides of by yields . C.
The equation can be rewritten as . It follows that .
Solving this equation for k also yields . Therefore, the value of k is 4. D.

ID: 2f958af9 Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. To write the formula as T in terms of m, v, and L means to isolate T on

one side of the equation. First, multiply both sides of the equation by m, which gives
2
, which simplifies to mv = LT. Next, divide both sides of the equation by L,
which gives , which simplifies to .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly applying operations to
each side of the equation.
Question ID 5edc8c98

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5edc8c98
In the given equation, and are positive constants. The sum of the solutions to the given
equation is , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5edc8c98 Answer

Correct Answer: .0625, 1/16
Rationale
1
The correct answer is 16
. Let 𝑝 and 𝑞 represent the solutions to the given equation. Then, the
given equation can be rewritten as 64𝑥 - 𝑝𝑥 - 𝑞 = 0, or 64𝑥2 - 64𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑝𝑞 = 0. Since this
equation is equivalent to the given equation, it follows that -16𝑎 + 4𝑏 = - 64𝑝 + 𝑞. Dividing
16𝑎 + 4𝑏 1
both sides of this equation by -64 yields = 𝑝 + 𝑞, or 4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑞. Therefore, the sum
64 16
1
of the solutions to the given equation, 𝑝 + 𝑞, is equal to 16
4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given that the sum
1
of the solutions to the given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a constant, it follows that 𝑘 = 16
.
Note that 1/16, .0625, 0.062, and 0.063 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: The given equation can be rewritten as 64𝑥2 - 44𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 = 0, where 𝑎
and 𝑏 are positive constants. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields
𝑎𝑏
16𝑥2 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 4
= 0. The solutions for a quadratic equation in the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0,
-𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are constants, can be calculated using the quadratic formula, 𝑥 = 2𝐴
2
-𝐵 - √𝐵 - 4𝐴𝐶
and 𝑥 = 2𝐴
. It follows that the sum of the solutions to a quadratic equation in the form
-𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 + - 𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0 is 2𝐴
+ 2𝐴
, which can be rewritten as 2𝐴
,
-2𝐵 𝐵 𝑎𝑏
which is equivalent to , or - . In the equation 16𝑥 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + = 0, 𝐴 = 16, 𝐵 = - 4𝑎 + 𝑏,
2
2𝐴 𝐴 4
𝑎𝑏 𝐵 -4𝑎 + 𝑏
and 𝐶 = 4 . Substituting 16 for 𝐴 and -4𝑎 + 𝑏 for 𝐵 in - 𝐴 yields - 16 , which can be rewritten
1 1
as 16 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Thus, the sum of the solutions to the given equation is 16 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given
that the sum of the solutions to the given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a constant, it follows
1
that 𝑘 = 16
.
Question ID c7789423

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: c7789423
What is one possible solution to the given equation?
ID: c7789423 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 11 or -7. By the definition of absolute value, if 𝑥 - 2 = 9, then 𝑥 - 2 = 9 or

𝑥 - 2 = - 9. Adding 2 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 2 = 9 yields 𝑥 = 11. Adding 2 to both
sides of the equation 𝑥 - 2 = - 9 yields 𝑥 = - 7. Thus, the given equation, 𝑥 - 2 = 9, has two
possible solutions, 11 and -7. Note that 11 and -7 are examples of ways to enter a correct
answer.
Question ID d9137a84 Question ID 876a731c

systems of
equations in two
ID: d9137a84 variables
Which expression represents the product of and ?

ID: 876a731c
A.
B.
C.
D. If (x, y) is a solution of the system of equations above and

x > 0, what is the value of xy ?
A. 1
ID: d9137a84 Answer
Correct Answer: D B. 2
Rationale C. 3
Choice D is correct. The product of 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 and

𝑥4 𝑧 5 𝑦8 𝑧-7 + can be represented by the D. 9
expression 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑥4 𝑧5 + 𝑦8 𝑧-7 . Applying the distributive property to this expression yields
𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑥4 𝑧5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑦8 𝑧-7 , or 𝑥-6 𝑥4 𝑦3 𝑧5 𝑧5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 𝑦8 𝑧5 𝑧-7 . This expression is equivalent to
𝑥-6 + 4 𝑦3 𝑧5 + 5 + 𝑥-6 𝑦3 + 8 𝑧5 - 7 , or 𝑥-2 𝑦3 𝑧10 + 𝑥-6 𝑦11 𝑧-2 . ID: 876a731c Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Substituting for y in the second equation gives .
This equation can be solved as follows:
Apply the distributive property.
Subtract 2x and 6 from both sides of the equation.
Combine like terms.
Factor both terms on the left side of the equation

by 2x.
Thus, and are the solutions to the system. Since , only needs to be
considered. The value of y when is . Therefore, the value of xy is Question ID cd358b89

.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and likely result from a computational or conceptual error
when solving this system of equations. SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: cd358b89
Function is defined by . Function is defined by
. The graph of in the xy-plane has x-intercepts at , , and , where , , and
are distinct constants. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: cd358b89 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 1. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 1, it follows that

𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 - 1 + 6𝑥 - 1 + 5𝑥 - 1 + 1. Combining like terms yields 𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4𝑥. Therefore,
𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. The x-intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points where 𝑦 = 0. The
x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by
solving the equation 0 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. Applying the zero product property to this equation
yields three equations: 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 + 5 = 0, and 𝑥 + 4 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥
yields 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = - 5, and 𝑥 = - 4, respectively. Therefore, the x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 are 0, 0, -5, 0, and -4, 0. It follows that the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are 0, -5, and -4. Thus, the
value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is 0 + -5 + -4, which is equal to -9.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 1.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 - 1 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.
Question ID f89e1d6f Question ID ff2e5c76

systems of
equations in two
ID: f89e1d6f variables
If , which of the following is equivalent to the ID: ff2e5c76

expression ?
A. What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D. D.
ID: f89e1d6f Answer ID: ff2e5c76 Answer

Correct Answer: C Correct Answer: D
Rationale Rationale
2 2 Choice D is correct. Adding 10 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 = 10. To
Choice C is correct. Factoring –1 from the second, third, and fourth terms gives x
–c –
2 2 2 2 2 2 complete the square, adding
40 2
,
2
or 20 , to each side of this equation yields
2cd – d = x – (c + 2cd + d ). The expression c + 2cd + d is the expanded form of a
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
perfect square: c + 2cd + d = (c + d) . Therefore, x – (c + 2cd + d ) = x – (c + d) . Since 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 + 20 = 10 + 20 , or 𝑥 - 202 = 410. Taking the square root of each side of this equation
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 yields 𝑥 - 20 = ± √410 . Adding 20 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 20 ± √410 .

a = c + d, x – (c + d) = x – a . Finally, because x – a is the difference of squares, it can
2 2 Therefore, the solutions to the given equation are 𝑥 = 20 + √410 and 𝑥 = 20 - √410 . The sum
be expanded as x –a = (x + a)(x – a).
of these solutions is 20 + √410 + 20 - √410 , or 40.
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of making an error in factoring the
2 2 Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
difference of squares x – a . Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly
combining terms. Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID c8bf5313 Question ID df0ef054
systems of
equations in two
variables ID: df0ef054
ID: c8bf5313
A.
The graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point in the xy-
plane. What is the value of ?
B.
A.
C.
B.
C. D.
D.
ID: df0ef054 Answer
ID: c8bf5313 Answer Correct Answer: C
Rationale Choice C is correct. Using the distributive property to multiply the terms in the parentheses
yields , which is equivalent to
Choice D is correct. Since the graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at the
point 𝑥, 𝑦, the point 𝑥, 𝑦 represents a solution to the given system of equations. The first . Combining like terms results in .
equation of the given system of equations states that 𝑥 = 8. Substituting 8 for 𝑥 in the second
2
equation of the given system of equations yields 𝑦 = 8 + 8, or 𝑦 = 72. Therefore, the value of Choices A and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors when multiplying the
𝑦 is 72. terms in the given expression. Choice B is incorrect and may result from adding, instead of
multiplying, and .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥, not 𝑦.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question Difficulty: Easy
Question ID f1c81b3b Question ID bef4b1c6

in one variable and
systems of
ID: f1c81b3b equations in two
variables
The exponential function is defined by , where is a positive constant. If
, what is the value of ? ID: bef4b1c6
ID: f1c81b3b Answer

What is the positive solution to the given equation?
Correct Answer: 11875
Rationale
ID: bef4b1c6 Answer
The correct answer is 11,875. It's given that the exponential function 𝑔 is defined by Correct Answer: 5
𝑔𝑥 = 19 · 𝑎𝑥 , where 𝑎 is a positive constant, and 𝑔3 = 2,375. It follows that when 𝑥 = 3,
Rationale
𝑔𝑥 = 2,375. Substituting 3 for 𝑥 and 2,375 for 𝑔𝑥 in the given equation yields 2,375 = 19 · 𝑎3 .
Dividing each side of this equation by 19 yields 125 = 𝑎3 . Taking the cube root of both sides The correct answer is 5. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by 𝑥 + 6 results in
of this equation gives 𝑎 = 5. Substituting 4 for 𝑥 and 5 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 19 · 𝑎𝑥 yields 55 = 𝑥𝑥 + 6. Applying the distributive property of multiplication to the right-hand side of this
4
𝑔4 = 19 · 5 , or 𝑔4 = 11, 875. Therefore, the value of 𝑔4 is 11,875. equation results in 55 = 𝑥2 + 6𝑥. Subtracting 55 from both sides of this equation results in
0 = 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 - 55. The right-hand side of this equation can be rewritten by factoring. The two
values that multiply to -55 and add to 6 are 11 and -5. It follows that the equation
0 = 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 - 55 can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 + 11𝑥 - 5. Setting each factor equal to 0 yields two
equations: 𝑥 + 11 = 0 and 𝑥 - 5 = 0. Subtracting 11 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 11 = 0
results in 𝑥 = - 11. Adding 5 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 5 = 0 results in 𝑥 = 5. Therefore,
the positive solution to the given equation is 5.

Question ID 4b642eef Question ID 3e9cc0c2
expressions
ID: 4b642eef
ID: 3e9cc0c2
The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a
straight line can be modeled by a quadratic function that is Which of the following is equivalent to
defined in terms of t, where t is the time in seconds. At a time of ?
10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is 50.0
meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled A.
by the object is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0
meters when , then what is the total distance traveled, in B.
meters, by the object after 30.0 seconds?

C.
ID: 4b642eef Answer D.
Rationale
ID: 3e9cc0c2 Answer
The correct answer is 450. The quadratic equation that models this situation can be written
Correct Answer: B
in the form , where a, b, and c are constants. It’s given that the distance, d, the
object traveled was 0 meters when seconds. These values can be substituted into the Rationale
equation to solve for a, b, and c: . Therefore, , and it follows that Choice B is correct. Multiplying (1 – p) by each term of the polynomial within the second pair
2 2 2 3 3 3 4
. Since it’s also given that d is 50 when t is 10 and d is 200 when t is 20, these of parentheses gives (1 – p)1 = 1 – p; (1 – p)p = p – p ; (1 – p)p = p – p ; (1 – p)p = p – p ;
4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7
(1 – p)p =p – p ; (1 – p)p = p – p ; and (1 – p)p =p – p . Adding these seven
values for d and t can be substituted to create a system of two linear equations: 2 2 3 3
expressions together and combining like terms gives 1 + (p – p) + (p – p ) + (p – p ) +
and , or and . Subtracting 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7
(p – p ) + (p – p ) + (p – p ) – p , which can be simplified to 1 – p .
the first equation from the second equation yields , or . Substituting for a
in the first equation and solving for b yields . Therefore, the equation that represents Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from incorrectly identifying the highest
power of p in the expressions or incorrectly combining like terms.
this situation is . Evaluating this function when seconds yields
, or meters. Question Difficulty: Medium
Substituting 1 for x in the equation gives . Therefore, is the only
Question ID 2c5c22d0 solution to the system of equations.
Choice A is incorrect. In the xy-plane, a parabola and a line can intersect at no more than two
points. Since the graph of the first equation is a parabola and the graph of the second
equation is a line, the system cannot have more than 2 solutions. Choice B is incorrect. There
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations is a single ordered pair that satisfies both equations of the system. Choice D is incorrect
in one variable and
systems of because the ordered pair satisfies both equations of the system.
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c5c22d0
How many solutions are there to the

system of equations above?
A. There are exactly 4 solutions.
B. There are exactly 2 solutions.
C. There is exactly 1 solution.
D. There are no solutions.
ID: 2c5c22d0 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The second equation of the system can be rewritten as .
Substituting for y in the first equation gives . This equation can be

solved as shown below:
Question ID 7348f046 Question ID 0aaef7aa
expressions
ID: 0aaef7aa
ID: 7348f046
The function is defined by . What is the value of when is equal to ?
A.
the given expression? B.
A. C.
B. D.
C.
ID: 0aaef7aa Answer
D. Correct Answer: A
Rationale
ID: 7348f046 Answer Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑝𝑛 = 7𝑛3 . Substituting 56 for 𝑝𝑛 in this equation yields
56 = 7𝑛3 . Dividing each side of this equation by 7 yields 8 = 𝑛3 . Taking the cube root of each
Correct Answer: C
side of this equation yields 2 = 𝑛. Therefore, when 𝑝𝑛 is equal to 56, the value of 𝑛 is 2.
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Distributing the negative sign to the terms in the second parentheses
yields . This expression can be rewritten as . Combining like Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
terms results in .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from not distributing the negative sign to the 7. Choice Question Difficulty: Medium
B is incorrect and may result from adding to instead of subtracting .
Choice D is incorrect and may result from adding the product of and x to the product of 3
and 7.
Question ID 928498f3 Choice B is incorrect and may result from using as the quadratic formula.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from using as the quadratic formula.
in one variable and
systems of Choice D is incorrect and may result from using as the quadratic formula.
equations in two
variables
ID: 928498f3
What are the solutions to the

given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 928498f3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The quadratic formula, , can be used to find the
solutions to an equation in the form . In the given equation, , ,
and . Substituting these values into the quadratic formula gives
, or .
Question ID b7cd6ca6 Question ID b47419f4
expressions
ID: b7cd6ca6
ID: b47419f4
The equation gives the estimated number of employees at a restaurant, where is
the number of years since the restaurant opened. Which of the following is the best interpretation
of the number in this context?
A. The estimated number of employees when the restaurant opened
B. The increase in the estimated number of employees each year
A.
C. The number of years the restaurant has been open
D. The percent increase in the estimated number of employees each year B.
ID: b7cd6ca6 Answer C.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale D.
Choice A is correct. For an exponential function of the form 𝐸𝑡 = 𝑎𝑏𝑡 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are
constants, the initial value of the function—that is, the value of the function when 𝑡 = 0—is 𝑎 ID: b47419f4 Answer
and the value of the function increases by a factor of 𝑏 each time 𝑡 increases by 1. Since the Correct Answer: A
function 𝐸𝑡 = 51.8𝑡 gives the estimated number of employees at a restaurant and 𝑡 is the
number of years since the restaurant opened, the best interpretation of the number 5 in this Rationale
context is the estimated number of employees when 𝑡 = 0, or when the restaurant opened.
Choice A is correct. By distributing the minus sign through the expression , the
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. given expression can be rewritten as , which is equivalent to

. Combining like terms gives , or .

Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of failing to distribute the minus sign
appropriately through the second term and simplifying the expression .
Choice C is incorrect and may be the result of multiplying the expressions and
. Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of multiplying the expressions

Question ID fc3dfa26
and .
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3dfa26
What value of x satisfies the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: fc3dfa26 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Each fraction in the given equation can be expressed with the common
denominator . Multiplying by yields , and multiplying
by yields . Therefore, the given equation can be written as
. Multiplying each fraction by the denominator results in the
equation , or . This equation can be solved by setting

a quadratic expression equal to 0, then solving for x. Subtracting from both sides of this
equation yields . The expression can be factored, resulting in
the equation . By the zero product property, or . To Question ID 8838a672
solve for x in , 1 can be added to both sides of the equation, resulting in .
Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 results in . Solving for x in yields
. However, this value of x would result in the second fraction of the original equation
expressions
having a denominator of 0. Therefore, is an extraneous solution. Thus, the only value
ID: 8838a672
of x that satisfies the given equation is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving but not realizing that this
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
solution is extraneous because it would result in a denominator of 0 in the second fraction.
to the expression above?
Choice B is incorrect and may result from a sign error when solving for x. Choice
D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error. A.
Question Difficulty: Hard B.
C.
D.
ID: 8838a672 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the given expression can be rewritten as
. Combining like terms, this expression can be rewritten as
, which is equivalent to .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from an error when applying the distributive
property or an error when combining like terms.
Question ID eb268057 Question ID 6d9e01a2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 6d9e01a2
variables
ID: eb268057 The given equation defines the function . For what value of does reach its minimum?
ID: 6d9e01a2 Answer

Which of the following values of x Correct Answer: 25/4, 6.25
satisfies the given equation?
Rationale
A.
25
. The given equation can be rewritten in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘,
B. where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. When 𝑎 > 0, ℎ is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its
50
minimum. The given equation can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 - 4
𝑥 + 126, which is equivalent to
C. 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2
50 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2
- 4 𝑥 + 8 - 8 + 126. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 8 - 8 + 126, or
50 2 50 2 25 2 121 25
𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 8 - 4 8 + 126, which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - 4 - 4 . Therefore, ℎ = 4 , so the
D. 25
value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is . Note that 25/4 and 6.25 are examples of
4
ways to enter a correct answer.
ID: eb268057 Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Solving for x by taking the square root of both sides of the given equation
yields or . Of the choices given, satisfies the given equation.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from a calculation error when solving for x. Choice C is
incorrect and may result from dividing 64 by 2 instead of taking the square root. Choice D is
incorrect and may result from multiplying 64 by 2 instead of taking the square root.

Question ID 9f2ecade Question ID 2cf7f039
ID: 9f2ecade ID: 2cf7f039
The function is defined by . For what value of does ?
The function h is defined above, where a, b, and c are integer A.

constants. If the zeros of the function are 6, and 7, what is the
B.
value of c ?
C.
ID: 9f2ecade Answer D.
Rationale
ID: 2cf7f039 Answer
The correct answer is 210. Since , 6, and 7 are zeros of the function, the function can be
Correct Answer: C
rewritten as . Expanding the function yields
Rationale
. Thus, , , and . Therefore, the value of c
Choice C is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 8√𝑥 . Substituting 48 for 𝑓𝑥 in this equation yields
is 210.
48 = 8√𝑥 . Dividing both sides of this equation by 8 yields 6 = √𝑥 . This can be rewritten as
Question Difficulty: Hard √𝑥 = 6. Squaring both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = 36. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 for which
𝑓𝑥 = 48 is 36.
Choice A is incorrect. If 𝑥 = 6, 𝑓𝑥 = 8√6 , not 48.
Choice B is incorrect. If 𝑥 = 8, 𝑓𝑥 = 8√8 , not 48.
Choice D is incorrect. If 𝑥 = 64, 𝑓𝑥 = 8√64 , which is equivalent to 64, not 48.
Question ID 0b3d25c5 Question ID 6011a3f8

systems of
equations in two
ID: 0b3d25c5 variables
Which of the following is equivalent to ID: 6011a3f8

, where ?
A. In the given equation, is a constant. For which of the following values of will the equation have
more than one real solution?
B.
A.
C. B.
C.
D. D.
ID: 6011a3f8 Answer

ID: 0b3d25c5 Answer
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Rationale
Choice A is correct. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
constants, has either no real solutions, exactly one real solution, or exactly two real
Choice D is correct. The given expression can also be written as . The solutions. That is, for the given equation to have more than one real solution, it must have
2
exactly two real solutions. When the value of the discriminant, or 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐, is greater than 0,
trinomial can be rewritten in factored form as . Thus, the entire
the given equation has exactly two real solutions. In the given equation, 64𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 25 = 0,
𝑎 = 64 and 𝑐 = 25. Therefore, the given equation has exactly two real solutions when
expression can be rewritten as . Simplifying the exponents yields . 𝑏2 - 46425 > 0, or 𝑏2 - 6,400 > 0. Adding 6,400 to both sides of this inequality yields 𝑏2 > 6,400.
Taking the square root of both sides of 𝑏2 > 6,400 yields two possible inequalities: 𝑏 < - 80 or
𝑏 > 80. Of the choices, only choice A satisfies 𝑏 < - 80 or 𝑏 > 80.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors made when simplifying the

exponents in the expression .
Question Difficulty: Medium Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question ID 0e61101e
ID: 0e61101e
The function is defined by the given equation. If , which of the following

equations defines the function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0e61101e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑥 𝑥
Choice B is correct. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 94 and 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2. Substituting 𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = 94
𝑥+2
gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 . Rewriting this equation using properties of exponents gives
𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94𝑥 42 , which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94𝑥 16. Multiplying 9 and 16 in this equation
gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 1444 . Since 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2, 𝑔𝑥 = 1444𝑥 .
𝑥
Question ID e117d3b8 Question ID 04bbce67

expressions
ID: 04bbce67
ID: e117d3b8
If a and c are positive numbers, which of the following is The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?
equivalent to ?
ID: 04bbce67 Answer
A.
Correct Answer: -7
B. Rationale
C. The correct answer is -7. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form
2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants and 𝑎 > 0, the function reaches its minimum
D. when 𝑥 = ℎ. In the given function, 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = - 7, and 𝑘 = 4. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 for which
𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is -7.
ID: e117d3b8 Answer Question Difficulty: Hard
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the property that for positive numbers x and y,
3
with x = (a + c) and y = a + c, it follows that . By rewriting (a +
4 22
c) as ((a + c) ) , it is possible to simplify the square root expression as follows:
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of . Choice B is incorrect

2 2 2
and may be the result of incorrectly rewriting (a + c) as a + c . Choice D is incorrect and
may be the result of incorrectly applying properties of exponents.

Question ID e8779461 Question ID 98f735f2
variables variables
ID: e8779461 ID: 98f735f2
The total revenue from sales of a product can be calculated using

the formula , where T is the total revenue, P is the price of
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
the product, and Q is the quantity of the product sold. Which of
the following equations gives the quantity of product sold in
ID: e8779461 Answer terms of P and T ?
Correct Answer: 99
A.
Rationale
The correct answer is 99. In the given system of equations, the second equation is 𝑥 + 8 = 11. B.
Subtracting 8 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = 3. In the given system of equations,
the first equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 14𝑥 + 48. Substituting 3 for 𝑥 in this equation yields C.
2
𝑦 = 3 + 143 + 48, or 𝑦 = 99. Therefore, the solution to the given system of equations is
𝑥, 𝑦 = 3, 99. Thus, the value of 𝑦 is 99. D.
ID: 98f735f2 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Solving the given equation for Q gives the quantity of the product sold in
terms of P and T. Dividing both sides of the given equation by P yields , or .
Therefore, gives the quantity of product sold in terms of P and T.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error when dividing both sides of the given
equation by P. Choice C is incorrect and may result from multiplying, rather than dividing,
both sides of the given equation by P. Choice D is incorrect and may result from subtracting P
from both sides of the equation rather than dividing both sides by P.

Question ID 79ba511a
ID: 79ba511a
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 79ba511a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The value of 𝑓2 is the value of 𝑓𝑥 when 𝑥 = 2. Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in the
given function yields 𝑓2 = 23 + 15, or 𝑓2 = 8 + 15, which is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 23. Therefore,
the value of 𝑓2 is 23.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓2 when 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥3 + 15, rather than 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥3 + 15.

156°F. Finally, the temperature, in °F, at 6:10 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to
Question ID 6f5540a5
, which is approximately 135°F. Since these three given values of m and
their corresponding values for can be verified using the function

, this is the best function out of the given choices to model the
ID: 6f5540a5 temperature of Kao’s hot chocolate after m minutes.
Choice A is incorrect because the base of the exponent, , results in the value of
Kao measured the temperature of a cup of hot chocolate placed in
a room with a constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). increasing over time rather than decreasing. Choice B is incorrect because when m is large
The temperature of the hot chocolate was 185°F at 6:00 p.m. when enough, becomes less than 70. Choice C is incorrect because the maximum value of
it started cooling. The temperature of the hot chocolate was 156°F at 6:00 p.m. is 115°F, not 185°F.
at 6:05 p.m. and 135°F at 6:10 p.m. The hot chocolate’s
temperature continued to decrease. Of the following functions,
which best models the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit,
of Kao’s hot chocolate m minutes after it started cooling?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6f5540a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The hot chocolate cools from 185°F over time, never going lower than the
room temperature, 70°F. Since the base of the exponent in this function, 0.75, is less than 1,
decreases as time increases. Using the function, the temperature, in °F, at 6:00 p.m. can
be estimated as and is equal to . The temperature, in °F, at 6:05
p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately
Question ID 50418728 Question ID 9cb9beec

in one variable and
systems of
ID: 50418728 equations in two
variables
ID: 9cb9beec
In the given system of equations, is a positive constant. The system has exactly one distinct real
solution. What is the value of ?
ID: 9cb9beec Answer

Rationale
29
. According to the first equation in the given system, the value of 𝑦 is
-1.5. Substituting -1.5 for 𝑦 in the second equation in the given system yields
-1.5 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎. Adding 1.5 to both sides of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5. If the
given system has exactly one distinct real solution, it follows that 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 has
The graph of the polynomial function , where , is shown. The y-intercept of the graph is exactly one distinct real solution. A quadratic equation in the form 0 = 𝑝𝑥2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟, where 𝑝,
. What is the value of ? 𝑞, and 𝑟 are constants, has exactly one distinct real solution if and only if the discriminant,
𝑞2 - 4𝑝𝑟, is equal to 0. The equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is in this form, where 𝑝 = 1, 𝑞 = 8, and
2
𝑟 = 𝑎 + 1.5. Therefore, the discriminant of the equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is 8 - 41𝑎 + 1.5, or
ID: 50418728 Answer
58 - 4𝑎. Setting the discriminant equal to 0 to solve for 𝑎 yields 58 - 4𝑎 = 0. Adding 4𝑎 to both
Correct Answer: -3 58
sides of this equation yields 58 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 4 = 𝑎,
29
Rationale or = 𝑎. Therefore, if the given system of equations has exactly one distinct real solution,
2
29
the value of 𝑎 is 2
. Note that 29/2 and 14.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
The correct answer is -3. The y-intercept of the graph of a function in the xy-plane is the
point where the graph crosses the y-axis. The graph of the polynomial function shown Question Difficulty: Hard
crosses the y-axis at the point 0, - 3. It's given that the y-intercept of the graph is 0, 𝑦. Thus,
the value of 𝑦 is -3.

the function f. Substituting for x and 0 for in the given equation yields
Question ID f5e8ccf1
, or . Therefore, the point doesn’t lie
on the graph of the function f and can’t be an x-intercept of the graph.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these points is an x-intercept of the graph
of the function f in the xy-plane. By definition, an x-intercept is a point on the graph of the
ID: f5e8ccf1 form , where k is a constant. Substituting for x and 0 for in the given equation
yields , or . Since this is a true statement, the point

lies on the graph of the function f and is an x-intercept of the graph. Performing
The function f is defined above. Which of the following is NOT an
x-intercept of the graph of the function in the xy-plane?
similar substitution using the points and also yields the true statement ,
A. illustrating that these points also lie on the graph of the function f and are x-intercepts of the
graph.
B. Question Difficulty: Medium
C.
D.
ID: f5e8ccf1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The graph of the function f in the xy-plane has x-intercepts at the points
, where . Substituting 0 for in the given equation yields
. By the zero product property, if , then
, , or . Solving each of these linear equations for x, it follows that
, , and , respectively. This means that the graph of the function f in the
xy-plane has three x-intercepts: , , and . Therefore, isn’t an x-

intercept of the graph of the function f.
Alternate approach: Substitution may be used. Since by definition an x-intercept of any
graph is a point in the form where k is a constant, and since all points in the options
are in this form, it need only be checked whether the points in the options lie on the graph of
Question ID 127b2759 Question ID fb96a5b3

ID: 127b2759 ID: fb96a5b3
Which expression is equivalent to ? Which of the following expressions is

equivalent to ?
A.
B. A.
C. B.
D.
C.
D.
ID: 127b2759 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale ID: fb96a5b3 Answer

2 Correct Answer: B
Choice B is correct. The given expression can be rewritten as 𝑑 + 8 + 3. Adding 8 and 3 in
2
this expression yields 𝑑 + 11. Rationale
2
Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 𝑑 + 83. Choice B is correct. Applying the distributive property to the given expression yields
, or . Adding the like terms and 2 results in the expression
2
Choice C is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 8 + 𝑑 - 3.
.
Choice D is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to -8 + 𝑑2 - 3.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from multiplying by 2 without multiplying by 2
when applying the distributive property. Choices C and D are incorrect and may result from
computational or conceptual errors.

Question ID 1fe10d97 Question ID 08d03fe4
ID: 1fe10d97 ID: 08d03fe4
For the exponential function , the value of is , where is a constant. Which of the following
The given function models the population of Lowell years after a census. Which of the following equivalent forms of the function shows the value of as the coefficient or the base?
functions best models the population of Lowell months after the census?
A.
A.
B.
B.
C.
C.
D.
D.
ID: 08d03fe4 Answer

ID: 1fe10d97 Answer Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. For the form of the function in choice C, 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6𝑥 - 1 , the value of 𝑓1
1-1 0
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the function 𝑝 models the population of Lowell 𝑡 years after can be found as 1281.6 , which is equivalent to 1281.6 , or 128. Therefore, 𝑘 = 128, which is
𝑚 𝑥-1
a census. Since there are 12 months in a year, 𝑚 months after the census is equivalent to shown in 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6 as the coefficient.
12
𝑚 𝑡
years after the census. Substituting for 𝑡 in the equation 𝑝𝑡 = 90,0001.06 yields
𝑚 𝑚 12 Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
𝑝 = 90,0001.06 . Therefore, the function 𝑟 that best models the population of Lowell 𝑚
12
12 𝑚
months after the census is 𝑟𝑚 = 90,0001.06 . 12 Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID b73ee6cf Question ID 3918e8bc

ID: b73ee6cf ID: 3918e8bc
The population of a town is currently 50,000, and the population is An object is kicked from a platform. The equation represents this situation,
estimated to increase each year by 3% from the previous year. where is the height of the object above the ground, in meters, seconds after it is kicked. Which
Which of the following equations can be used to estimate the number represents the height, in meters, from which the object was kicked?
number of years, t, it will take for the population of the town to
A.
reach 60,000 ?
B.
A.
C.
B.
D.
C.
ID: 3918e8bc Answer

D.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale
ID: b73ee6cf Answer
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the equation ℎ = -4.9𝑡2 + 7𝑡 + 9 represents this situation,
Correct Answer: D
where ℎ is the height, in meters, of the object 𝑡 seconds after it is kicked. It follows that the
Rationale height, in meters, from which the object was kicked is the value of ℎ when 𝑡 = 0. Substituting
2
0 for 𝑡 in the equation ℎ = -4.9𝑡2 + 7𝑡 + 9 yields ℎ = - 4.90 + 70 + 9, or ℎ = 9. Therefore, the
Choice D is correct. Stating that the population will increase each year by 3% from the
object was kicked from a height of 9 meters.
previous year is equivalent to saying that the population each year will be 103% of the
population the year before. Since the initial population is 50,000, the population after t years Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
t t
is given by 50,000(1.03) . It follows that the equation 60,000 = 50,000(1.03) can be used to
estimate the number of years it will take for the population to reach 60,000. Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation models how long it will take the population to decrease Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
from 60,000 to 50,000, which is impossible given the growth factor. Choice B is incorrect and
may result from misinterpreting a 3% growth as growth by a factor of 3. Additionally, this
equation attempts to model how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to
50,000. Choice C is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to model percent
growth by multiplying the initial amount by a factor greater than 1.

Question ID 1dd13816 Question ID e597050f
ID: 1dd13816 ID: e597050f

The given expression is equivalent to , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
ID: 1dd13816 Answer
Correct Answer: 9 C.
Rationale D.
The correct answer is 9. The given expression can be rewritten as 5𝑥3 - 3 + -1-4𝑥3 + 8. By
applying the distributive property, this expression can be rewritten as 5𝑥3 - 3 + 4𝑥3 + -8, ID: e597050f Answer
which is equivalent to 5𝑥3 + 4𝑥3 + -3 + -8. Adding like terms in this expression yields 9𝑥3 - 11. Correct Answer: D
Since it's given that 5𝑥3 - 3 - -4𝑥3 + 8 is equivalent to 𝑏𝑥3 - 11, it follows that 9𝑥3 - 11 is
equivalent to 𝑏𝑥3 - 11. Therefore, the coefficients of 𝑥3 in these two expressions must be Rationale
equivalent, and the value of 𝑏 must be 9.
Choice D is correct. Combining like terms in the given expression yields 9𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑦, or
Question Difficulty: Medium 15𝑥 + 5𝑦.
Question ID 7eed640d Question ID 2d2ab76b

in one variable and
systems of
ID: 7eed640d equations in two
variables
The quadratic function above models the height above the ground ID: 2d2ab76b
h, in feet, of a projectile x seconds after it had been launched
vertically. If is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the
following represents the real-life meaning of the positive x-
intercept of the graph? When the equations above are graphed in the xy-plane, what are
the coordinates (x, y) of the points of intersection of the two
A. The initial height of the projectile
graphs?
B. The maximum height of the projectile A.
C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height and
D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground B.

and
ID: 7eed640d Answer
C.
Correct Answer: D
and
Rationale
D.
Choice D is correct. The positive x-intercept of the graph of is a point for
which . Since models the height above the ground, in feet, of the projectile, a and
y-value of 0 must correspond to the height of the projectile when it is 0 feet above ground or,
in other words, when the projectile is on the ground. Since x represents the time since the
ID: 2d2ab76b Answer
projectile was launched, it follows that the positive x-intercept, , represents the time at
Correct Answer: A
which the projectile hits the ground.
Rationale
Choice A is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-intercept as a positive x-
intercept. Choice B is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-value of the vertex Choice A is correct. The two equations form a system of equations, and the solutions to the
of the graph of the function as an x-intercept. Choice C is incorrect and may result from system correspond to the points of intersection of the graphs. The solutions to the system
misidentifying the x-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept. can be found by substitution. Since the second equation gives y = 3, substituting 3 for y in the
2 2
first equation gives 3 = x – 1. Adding 1 to both sides of the equation gives 4 = x . Solving by
Question Difficulty: Hard taking the square root of both sides of the equation gives x = ±2. Since y = 3 for all values of x
for the second equation, the solutions are (2, 3) and (–2, 3). Therefore, the points of
intersection of the two graphs are (2, 3) and (–2, 3).
Question ID de362c2f
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors.
ID: de362c2f
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: de362c2f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥2 . Substituting 8 for 𝑥 in
𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥2 yields 𝑓8 = 582 , which is equivalent to 𝑓8 = 564, or 𝑓8 = 320. Therefore, the value of
𝑓8 is 320.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓8 if 𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓8 if 𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 2.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑓8 if 𝑓𝑥 = 5𝑥2.
Question ID da602115 Question ID 43926bd9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: 43926bd9
variables
ID: da602115
If , what is the positive value of ?
ID: da602115 Answer

Correct Answer: 28
For the exponential function f, the table above shows several values of x and their
Rationale corresponding values of , where a is a constant greater than 1. If k is a constant and
The correct answer is 28. The given absolute value equation can be rewritten as two linear , what is the value of k ?
equations: 4𝑥 - 4 = 112 and -4𝑥 - 4 = 112, or 4𝑥 - 4 = - 112. Adding 4 to both sides of the
equation 4𝑥 - 4 = 112 results in 4𝑥 = 116. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 results in
𝑥 = 29. Adding 4 to both sides of the equation 4𝑥 - 4 = - 112 results in 4𝑥 = - 108. Dividing ID: 43926bd9 Answer
both sides of this equation by 4 results in 𝑥 = - 27. Therefore, the two values of 𝑥 - 1 are 29 - 1,
or 28, and -27 - 1, or -28. Thus, the positive value of 𝑥 - 1 is 28. Rationale
Alternate approach: The given equation can be rewritten as 4𝑥 - 1 = 112, which is equivalent The correct answer is 8. The values of for the exponential function f shown in the table
to 4𝑥 - 1 = 112. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 𝑥 - 1 = 28. This equation can be increase by a factor of for each increase of 1 in x. This relationship can be represented by
rewritten as two linear equations: 𝑥 - 1 = 28 and -𝑥 - 1 = 28, or 𝑥 - 1 = - 28. Therefore, the
positive value of 𝑥 - 1 is 28. the equation , where b is a constant. It’s given that when , .
Substituting 2 for x and for into yields . Since

, it follows that . Thus, an equation that defines the function f is . It
follows that the value of k such that can be found by solving the equation
, which yields .

Question ID 1e8d7183 Question ID 044c1cb7
expressions
ID: 044c1cb7
ID: 1e8d7183
Which expression is equivalent to ? Which table gives three values of and their corresponding values of for the given function
A. ?
B. A.
C.
D.
B.
ID: 1e8d7183 Answer

Correct Answer: D
C.
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The given expression follows the difference of two squares pattern, 𝑥2 - 𝑦2
2
, which factors as 𝑥 - 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦. Therefore, the expression 256𝑤2 - 676 can be written as 16𝑤 - 26
2
D.
, or 16𝑤16𝑤 - 2626, which factors as 16𝑤 - 2616𝑤 + 26.
Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 256𝑤2 - 832𝑤 + 676.
Choice B is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 64𝑤2 - 169. ID: 044c1cb7 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Choice C is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 64𝑤2 - 208𝑤 + 169.
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It′s given that ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3. Each table gives 1, 2, and 3 as the three given
values of 𝑥. Substituting 1 for 𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3 yields ℎ1 = 12 - 3, or ℎ1 = - 2.
Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3 yields ℎ2 = 22 - 3, or ℎ2 = 1. Finally, substituting
3 for 𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3 yields ℎ3 = 32 - 3, or ℎ3 = 6. Therefore, ℎ𝑥 is -2 when 𝑥 is 1, ℎ𝑥
is 1 when 𝑥 is 2, and ℎ𝑥 is 6 when 𝑥 is 3. Choice B is a table with these values of 𝑥 and their
corresponding values of ℎ𝑥.
Choice A is incorrect. This is a table of values for the function ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3, not ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3.
Choice C is incorrect. This is a table of values for the function ℎ𝑥 = 2𝑥 - 3, not ℎ𝑥 = 𝑥2 - 3.
Question Difficulty: Easy Question ID 7e5a3640

ID: 7e5a3640
Bacteria are growing in a liquid growth medium. There were cells per milliliter during an
initial observation. The number of cells per milliliter doubles every hours. How many cells per
milliliter will there be hours after the initial observation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7e5a3640 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Let 𝑦 represent the number of cells per milliliter 𝑥 hours after the initial
observation. Since the number of cells per milliliter doubles every 3 hours, the relationship
𝑥
between 𝑥 and 𝑦 can be represented by an exponential equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑘 , where 𝑎
is the number of cells per milliliter during the initial observation and the number of cells per
milliliter increases by a factor of 𝑏 every 𝑘 hours. It’s given that there were 300,000 cells per
milliliter during the initial observation. Therefore, 𝑎 = 300,000. It’s also given that the
number of cells per milliliter doubles, or increases by a factor of 2, every 3 hours. Therefore,
𝑥
𝑏 = 2 and 𝑘 = 3. Substituting 300,000 for 𝑎, 2 for 𝑏, and 3 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑘 yields
𝑥
𝑦 = 300,0002 3 . The number of cells per milliliter there will be 15 hours after the initial
observation is the value of 𝑦 in this equation when 𝑥 = 15. Substituting 15 for 𝑥 in the
𝑥 15
equation 𝑦 = 300,0002 3 yields 𝑦 = 300,0002 3 , or 𝑦 = 300,00025 . This is equivalent to
𝑦 = 300,00032, or 𝑦 = 9,600,000. Therefore, 15 hours after the initial observation, there will be
9,600,000 cells per milliliter.

Question ID 0354c7de

expressions
ID: 0354c7de

the given expression?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0354c7de Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Since 5 is a factor of both terms, and 15, the given expression can be
factored and rewritten as .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from subtracting 5 from the constant when factoring 5
from the given expression. Choice C is incorrect and may result from factoring 5 from only
the first term, not both terms, of the given expression. Choice D is incorrect and may result
from adding 5 to the constant when factoring 5 from the given expression.
𝑎
Choice C is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑏
and that the graph shown is a partial graph of
Question ID 4d037075
𝑎 𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 𝑦 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑦 = . The graph passes
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑏
𝑎
through the point -7, - 2. Substituting -7 for 𝑥 and -2 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑏
yields
𝑎
-2 = . Multiplying each side of this equation by -7 + 𝑏 yields -2-7 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or 14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎.
Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi -7 + 𝑏
The graph also passes through the point -5, - 6. Substituting -5 for 𝑥 and -6 for 𝑦 in the
𝑎 𝑎
equation 𝑦 = yields -6 = . Multiplying each side of this equation by -5 + 𝑏 yields
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions 𝑥+𝑏 -5 + 𝑏
-6-5 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or 30 - 6𝑏 = 𝑎. Substituting 14 - 2𝑏 for 𝑎 in this equation yields 30 - 6𝑏 = 14 - 2𝑏.
Adding 6𝑏 to each side of this equation yields 30 = 14 + 4𝑏. Subtracting 14 from each side of
ID: 4d037075 this equation yields 16 = 4𝑏. Dividing each side of this equation by 4 yields 4 = 𝑏.
Substituting 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎 yields 14 - 24 = 𝑎, or 6 = 𝑎. Substituting 6 for 𝑎
𝑎 6
and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑓𝑥 = . It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+4
6 6
𝑥 + 4 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥+4
yields 𝑓𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥+4+4
, which is equivalent to
6 6
𝑓𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥+8
. It follows that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 + 8.
Choice A is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 4.
Choice B is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥.
Choice D is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 · 𝑥 + 4.
The rational function is defined by an equation in the form , where and are
constants. The partial graph of is shown. If , which equation could
define function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d037075 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Question ID 4d7064a6 Question Difficulty: Hard
ID: 4d7064a6
The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d7064a6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, which can be rewritten as
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130. Since the coefficient of the 𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the
xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at its vertex. The x-coordinate of the
vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an equation in the form
𝑏
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 2𝑎 . For the
equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, and 𝑐 = - 130. It follows that the x-coordinate of the
3 3 3
vertex is - , or - . Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
21 2 2
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint
between the two x-intercepts of the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, it follows
that the two x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occur when 𝑥 = 10 and
𝑥 = - 13, or at the points 10, 0 and -13, 0. The midpoint between two points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 10 + -13 0 + 0 3
2
, 2 . Therefore, the midpoint between 10, 0 and -13, 0 is 2 , 2 , or - 2 , 0. It follows
3
that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
2
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the
xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Question ID 4eaf0a3a Question ID 4993b828

expressions
ID: 4993b828
ID: 4eaf0a3a
The area , in square centimeters, of a rectangular cutting board can be represented by the
Which expression is equivalent to , where and are positive? expression , where is the width, in centimeters, of the cutting board. Which expression
A. msup represents the length, in centimeters, of the cutting board?
A.
B. msup
B.
C. msup
C.
D. msup
D.
ID: 4eaf0a3a Answer

Correct Answer: B ID: 4993b828 Answer
1 𝑘 Rationale
Choice B is correct. For positive values of 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑚 = 𝑎𝑏𝑚 , 𝑛√𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑛 , and 𝑎𝑗 = 𝑎𝑗𝑘 .
Therefore, the given expression, 7√𝑥9 𝑦9 , can be rewritten as 7√𝑥𝑦9 . This expression Choice D is correct. It's given that the expression 𝑤𝑤 + 9 represents the area, in square
1 1 9
is equivalent to 𝑥𝑦9 7 , which can be rewritten as 𝑥𝑦9 · 7 , or 𝑥𝑦 7 . centimeters, of a rectangular cutting board, where 𝑤 is the width, in centimeters, of the
cutting board. The area of a rectangle can be calculated by multiplying its length by its
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. width. It follows that the length, in centimeters, of the cutting board is represented by the
expression 𝑤 + 9.
Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the area, in square centimeters, of the
cutting board, not its length, in centimeters.

Choice B is incorrect. This expression represents the width, in centimeters, of the cutting
board, not its length.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the difference between the length, in centimeters, and the
width, in centimeters, of the cutting board, not its length, in centimeters.

Question ID 1853bb35 Question ID a54753ca
in one variable and
systems of
ID: 1853bb35 equations in two
variables
For the function , the value of decreases by for every increase in the value of by . If
, which equation defines ? ID: a54753ca
A.
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation intersects the line at exactly
B. one point. What is the value of ?
C. A.
D. B.
C.
ID: 1853bb35 Answer
D.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
ID: a54753ca Answer
Choice C is correct. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by a fixed percentage, 45%, for every Correct Answer: C
increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1, the function 𝑞 is a decreasing exponential function. A
𝑝 𝑥 Rationale
decreasing exponential function can be written in the form 𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - 100 , where 𝑎 is the
value of 𝑞0 and the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 𝑝% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1. If Choice C is correct. In the xy-plane, the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑐 is a horizontal line that
𝑞0 = 14, then 𝑎 = 14. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 45% for every increase in the value of crosses the y-axis at 𝑦 = 𝑐 and the graph of the quadratic equation 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100 is a
𝑝 𝑥
𝑥 by 1, 𝑝 = 45. Substituting 14 for 𝑎 and 45 for 𝑝 in the equation 𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - yields parabola. A parabola can intersect a horizontal line at exactly one point only at its vertex.
100
45 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 100 , which is equivalent to 𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 0.45 , or 𝑞𝑥 = 140.55 . Therefore, the value of 𝑐 should be equal to the y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of the
given equation. For a quadratic equation in vertex form, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, the vertex of its graph
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. in the xy-plane is ℎ, 𝑘. The given quadratic equation, 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100, can be rewritten as
9 92 92 92 319 319
𝑦 = - 𝑥2 - 2 𝑥 + + - 100, or 𝑦 = - 𝑥 - +- . Thus, the value of 𝑐 is equal to - .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. 2 2 2 2 4 4

Choice D is incorrect. For this function, the value of 𝑞𝑥 increases, rather than decreases, by
45% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1.

Question ID c602140f Question ID fcb78856

systems of
equations in two
ID: c602140f variables
ID: fcb78856
The given equation relates the positive numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in
A.
terms of and ?
B. A.
C. B.
C.
D.
D.
ID: c602140f Answer

ID: fcb78856 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Expanding all terms yields (x – 11y)(2x – 3y) – 12y(–2x + 3y), which is
2 2 2 2 Choice A is correct. It's given that the equation 𝑏 = 42𝑐𝑓 relates the positive numbers 𝑏, 𝑐, and
equivalent to 2x – 22xy – 3xy + 33y + 24xy – 36y . Combining like terms gives 2x – xy –
2 𝑓. Dividing each side of the given equation by 42𝑓 yields
𝑏
= 𝑐, or 𝑐 =
𝑏
. Thus, the
3y . 𝑏
42𝑓 42𝑓
equation 𝑐 = 42𝑓
correctly expresses 𝑐 in terms of 𝑏 and 𝑓.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of using the sums of the coefficients of the
existing x and y terms as the coefficients of the x and y terms in the new expressions. Choice Choice B is incorrect. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑓 + 42.
C is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly combining like terms. Choice D is 𝑐
Choice C is incorrect. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑏 = .
incorrect and may be the result of using the incorrect sign in front of the 12y term. 42𝑓
Choice D is incorrect. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑏 = 42 - 𝑐 - 𝑓.


Question ID a8ae0d22 Question ID fd4b2aa0
expressions
ID: a8ae0d22
ID: fd4b2aa0
Two variables, and , are related such that for each increase of in the value of , the value of
increases by a factor of . When , . Which equation represents this relationship? Which expression is equivalent to ?
A. msup A.
B. msup B.
C. msup C.
D. msup D.
ID: a8ae0d22 Answer ID: fd4b2aa0 Answer
Correct Answer: D Correct Answer: C
Rationale Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the value of 𝑦 increases by a constant factor, 4, for each increase of Choice C is correct. The given expression shows subtraction of two like terms. The two terms
1 in the value of 𝑥, the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 is exponential. An exponential can be subtracted as follows: 12𝑥3 - 5𝑥3 = 12 - 5𝑥3 , or 7𝑥3 .
relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 can be represented by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏𝑥 , where 𝑎
is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 increases by a factor of 𝑏 for each increase of 1 in the value
of 𝑥. Since 𝑦 = 200 when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎 = 200. Since 𝑦 increases by a factor of 4 for each increase of Choice B is incorrect. This is the result of adding, not subtracting, the two like terms.
𝑥
1 in the value of 𝑥, 𝑏 = 4. Substituting 200 for 𝑎 and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 yields
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = 2004 . Thus, the equation 𝑦 = 2004 represents the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦. Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Question Difficulty: Easy
Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a relationship where for each increase of 1 in
the value of 𝑥, the value of 𝑦 increases by a factor of 200, not 4, and when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 is equal to 4,
not 200.
Question ID 981aca65
ID: 981aca65
In the given function , is a constant. The graph of function in the xy-plane, where , is
translated units down and units to the right to produce the graph of . Which equation
defines function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 981aca65 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is produced by translating the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 3 units down and 4 units to the right in the xy-plane. Therefore, function 𝑔 can be
defined by an equation in the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 4 - 3. Function 𝑓 is defined by the equation
𝑎 - 19 𝑎 - 19
𝑓𝑥 = + 5, where 𝑎 is a constant. Substituting 𝑥 - 4 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = +5
𝑥 𝑥
𝑎 - 19 𝑎 - 19
yields 𝑓𝑥 - 4 = 𝑥-4
+ 5. Substituting 𝑥-4
+ 5 for 𝑓𝑥 - 4 in the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 4 - 3 yields
𝑎 - 19 𝑎 - 19
𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥-4
+ 5 - 3, or 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥-4
+ 2. Therefore, the equation that defines function 𝑔 is
𝑎 - 19
𝑔𝑥 = + 2.
𝑥-4
Choice A is incorrect. This equation defines a function whose graph is produced by

translating the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 3 units down and 4 units to the left, not 3 units down and 4
units to the right.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation defines a function whose graph is produced by

translating the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 4 units to the left, not 3 units down and 4 units to the right.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation defines a function whose graph is produced by

translating the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 4 units to the right, not 3 units down and 4 units to the right.
Question ID 4236c5a3 Question ID a7711fe8
in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: a7711fe8
variables
What is the minimum value of the function f

ID: 4236c5a3 defined by ?
A.
If , which of the following is
a possible value of x ? B.
A. 1
C.
B.
D.
C.
D. ID: a7711fe8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
ID: 4236c5a3 Answer Rationale
Correct Answer: D Choice A is correct. The given quadratic function f is in vertex form, ,
Rationale where is the vertex of the graph of in the xy-plane. Therefore, the vertex of the
graph of is . In addition, the y-coordinate of the vertex represents either the

Choice D is correct. If , then taking the square root of each side of the equation
minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function, depending on whether the graph of the
gives or . Solving these equations for x gives or . Of
function opens upward or downward. Since the leading coefficient of f (the coefficient of the
these, is the only solution given as a choice.
term ) is 1, which is positive, the graph of opens upward. It follows that at
, the minimum value of the function f is .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving the equation and making a sign
error. Choice B is incorrect and may result from solving the equation . Choice C is
Choice B is incorrect and may result from making a sign error and from using the x-
incorrect and may result from finding a possible value of . coordinate of the vertex. Choice C is incorrect and may result from using the x-coordinate of
the vertex. Choice D is incorrect and may result from making a sign error.
Question ID 3b4b8831 Question ID f5247e52

variables variables
ID: 3b4b8831 ID: f5247e52
What is the negative solution to the given equation?

In the equation above, a and c are positive constants. How many
times does the graph of the equation above intersect the graph of
ID: 3b4b8831 Answer the equation in the xy-plane?
Correct Answer: -3
A. Zero
Rationale
B. One
The correct answer is -3. Dividing both sides of the given equation by 38 yields 𝑥2 = 9. Taking
C. Two
the square root of both sides of this equation yields the solutions 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 = - 3. Therefore,
the negative solution to the given equation is -3. D. More than two

ID: f5247e52 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that the constants a and c are both positive; therefore, the
graph of the given quadratic equation is a parabola that opens up with a vertex on the y-axis
at a point below the x-axis. The graph of the second equation provided is a horizontal line
that lies above the x-axis. A horizontal line above the x-axis will intersect a parabola that
opens up and has a vertex below the x-axis in exactly two points.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and are the result of not understanding the relationships of
the graphs of the two equations given. Choice A is incorrect because the two graphs
intersect. Choice B is incorrect because in order for there to be only one intersection point,
the horizontal line would have to intersect the parabola at the vertex, but the vertex is below
the x-axis and the line is above the x-axis. Choice D is incorrect because a line cannot
intersect a parabola in more than two points.

Question ID 1a722d7d
ID: 1a722d7d Choice A is incorrect. It is the value of p(8), not p(12). Choices B and C are incorrect. If one of
these values were correct, then x = 12 and the selected value of p(12) could be substituted into
the equation to solve for c. However, the values of c that result from choices B and C each
Let the function p be defined as , where c result in p(c) < 10.
is a constant. If , what is the value of ? Question Difficulty: Hard
A. 10.00
B. 10.25
C. 10.75
D. 11.00
ID: 1a722d7d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value of p(12) depends on the value of the constant c, so the value of
c must first be determined. It is given that p(c) = 10. Based on the definition of p, it follows
that:
This means that for all values of x. Therefore:
Question ID f11ffa93 Question ID ee05c84e

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two ID: ee05c84e
variables
ID: f11ffa93 The function f is defined above. What is

the value of ?
A. 250
What value of x satisfies the
equation above? B. 500
C. 750
ID: f11ffa93 Answer
D. 2,000
Rationale
The correct answer is 117. Squaring both sides of the given equation gives , or ID: ee05c84e Answer
. Subtracting 4 from both sides of this equation gives . Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Adding the like terms x and yields the equation
. Substituting 20 for x yields . The product
is equal to 25, and the difference is equal to 30. Substituting these values in
the given equation gives , and multiplying 25 by 30 results in .
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or computational errors
when finding the value of .

Question ID 5d93c782 Question ID 5c00c2c1
expressions
ID: 5c00c2c1
ID: 5d93c782
There were no jackrabbits in Australia before 1788 when 24
Which expression is equivalent to ? jackrabbits were introduced. By 1920 the population of jackrabbits
A. had reached 10 billion. If the population had grown exponentially,
this would correspond to a 16.2% increase, on average, in the
B. population each year. Which of the following functions best
models the population of jackrabbits t years after 1788?
C.
D. A.
B.
ID: 5d93c782 Answer
Correct Answer: B C.
Rationale
D.
Choice B is correct. The given expression may be rewritten as 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 40. Since the first
two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑥 and the last two terms of this
expression have a common factor of -5, this expression may be rewritten as 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥8 - 5𝑥 - 58 ID: 5c00c2c1 Answer
, or 𝑥𝑥 + 8 - 5𝑥 + 8. Since each term of this expression has a common factor of 𝑥 + 8, it may be Correct Answer: C
rewritten as 𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 8.
Rationale
Alternate approach: An expression of the form 𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑏 and 𝑐 are constants, can
Choice C is correct. This exponential growth model can be written in the form
be factored if there are two values that add to give 𝑏 and multiply to give 𝑐. In the given
expression, 𝑏 = 3 and 𝑐 = - 40. The values of -5 and 8 add to give 3 and multiply to give -40, so , where is the population t years after 1788, A is the initial population, and
the expression can be factored as 𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 8. r is the yearly growth rate, expressed as a decimal. Since there were 24 jackrabbits in
Australia in 1788, . Since the number of jackrabbits increased by an average of 16.2%
Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 𝑥2 + 6𝑥 - 40, not 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 40.
each year, . Therefore, the equation that best models this situation is
Choice C is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 𝑥2 - 3𝑥 - 40, not 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 40. .
Choice D is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 - 40, not 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 40.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may result from misinterpreting the form of an
Question Difficulty: Easy exponential growth model.
Question ID 974d33dc Question ID d4d513ff

ID: 974d33dc ID: d4d513ff
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to the sum of Which expression is equivalent to ?
and ?
A.
A. B.
B. C.
D.
C.
D. ID: d4d513ff Answer

Correct Answer: C
ID: 974d33dc Answer Rationale
Correct Answer: D Choice C is correct. Each term in the given expression, 12𝑥 + 27, has a common factor of 3.
Rationale Therefore, the expression can be rewritten as 34𝑥 + 39, or 34𝑥 + 9. Thus, the expression
34𝑥 + 9 is equivalent to the given expression.
Choice D is correct. Grouping like terms, the given expressions can be rewritten as
. This can be rewritten as . Choice A is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 108𝑥 + 12, not 12𝑥 + 27.
Choice B is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 324𝑥 + 27, not 12𝑥 + 27.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from adding the two sets of unlike terms, and as
Choice D is incorrect. This expression is equivalent to 27𝑥 + 72, not 12𝑥 + 27.
well as and , and then adding the respective exponents. Choice B is incorrect and may
result from adding the unlike terms and as if they were and and adding the unlike Question Difficulty: Easy
terms and as if they were and . Choice C is incorrect and may result from errors
when combining like terms.

Question ID 58b109d4

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 58b109d4
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
ID: 58b109d4 Answer

Correct Answer: -10
Rationale
The correct answer is -10. Adding 𝑦 to both sides of the second equation in the given system
yields 20𝑥 + 100 = 𝑦. Substituting 20𝑥 + 100 for 𝑦 in the first equation in the given system
yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 + 7 = 7. Subtracting 7 from both sides of this equation yields
𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 = 0. Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 10 = 0, or
𝑥 + 102 = 0. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10 = 0.
Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = - 10. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 is -10
.

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Question ID beca03de Question ID f5c3e3b8

ID: f5c3e3b8 Answer

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID a5663025 Question ID 3c95093c

ID: a5663025 ID: 3c95093c

Which of the following inequalities is equivalent

C. 2 ID: 3c95093c Answer

Question Difficulty: Medium

the following could be the value of x ? B.

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question Difficulty: Medium

Question ID b8caaf84 Question ID 7f81d0c3

If and , which of the following is

ID: b8caaf84 Answer C. and

v into the expression yields . Multiplying the ID: 7f81d0c3 Answer

terms yields . Using the distributive property to rewrite Correct Answer: C

yields . Therefore, the entire expression can be represented as Rationale

Question Difficulty: Medium

ID: e312081b ID: 52931bfa

Which expression is equivalent to , where ?

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1e003284 Question ID 91e7ea5e

D. ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Question Difficulty: Easy

What is the positive solution to the given equation? B.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

ID: 4fbffc0a Answer

Question ID ba0edc30 Question Difficulty: Hard

Assessment Test Domain Skill Diffi

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID fc3d783a Question ID a9084ca4

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard Question ID 2c6f214f

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question Difficulty: Easy

What is the -intercept of the graph shown?

ID: 6abec9a8 Answer

Question ID 4661e2a9 , or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice C is incorrect.

Which ordered pair is a solution to the

ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

equation which gives . Rewriting this equation by adding like terms

and expanding gives . Subtracting from both sides of this

equation gives . Adding to 2 to both sides of this equation gives . Therefore, it

to both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the ordered pair

is a solution to the given system of equations.

Question ID ad2ec615 Question ID 42c71eb5