Information Technology Support

Service
Level II

Learning Guide 31
Unit of Competence: Access and Use Internet
Module Title: Accessing and Using Internet
LG Code: ICT ITS2 LO1-LG-31
TTLM Code: ICT ITS2 MO1 TTLM 1019v1

LO 1: Access the Internet

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide # 31
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This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:-
 Opening internet browser and setting up home page by using internet options
 Adjusting display/view mode
 Modifying toolbars
 Modifying toolbars
 Accessing and retrieving data from particular site
 Loading image
 Opening URL to obtain data and browser link
 Deleting cookies and history of internet browser
Information Sheet-1 Opening internet browser and setting up home page
1.1. Definition and use of Internet
The Internet is means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the
world via dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the
Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice,
video, and computer programs.

No one owns Internet, although several organizations the world over collaborate in its
functioning and development. The high-speed, fiber-optic cables (called backbones)
through which the bulk of the Internet data travels are owned by telephone companies in
their respective countries.

1.2. Basic Internet Terms and Terminology

Here is a look at the buzzwords of the world of Internet.
 ARPANET: The acronym stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
ARPA of the United States Department of Defense developed ARPANET, which became
the world’s first packet switching network. Internet is the successor of ARPANET.
 Internet Service Provider: A company, which provides users with an access to the
Internet, is known as an Internet service provider or Internet access provider. ISP, as it is
called, offers email accounts and other services like remote storage of files for its
customers. Here is a word about choosing a cheap ISP.
 IP Address: It is a way of numerically identifying an entity on a computer network.
The original addressing system known as IPv4, used 32 bit addresses. With the growth of
the Internet, IPv6 came to be used wherein the addresses are composed of 128 bits.

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  Cyberspace: This term coined by William Gibson, is used to refer to the computer
networks connected to each other and the content they host. It is often used to refer to the
Internet.
 WWW: It is a collection of interlinked documents that are accessible over the Internet.
It consists of millions of web pages that contain text, images, voice and videos. Sir Tim
Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, created the World Wide Web.
 Website: A website is a set of web pages consisting of text, audio and video. Web
servers host websites.
 URL: It specifies the location of a resource on the Internet. It consists of the basic
address and path.
 Web Page: Web pages are resources of information. They are generally created in the
HTML format and provide the web users with navigational abilities through hyperlinks to
other web pages on the web.
 Home Page: The term home page is used to refer to the page that is the default page of
any website. It is the main page of a complex website.
 Web Browser: A web browser is a software application that facilitates user interaction
with the text, audio, video and other information that is located on the web.
 Cache: Web browsers maintain a cache of recently visited web pages. Some of them
use an external proxy web cache, which is a server program through which web requests
pass. This enables the browsers to cache frequently visited pages. Even search engines
make available already indexed web pages through their caches.
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, abbreviated as HTTP, is a communications
protocol used for the transfer of information over the Internet. A client makes an HTTP
request using a web browser to which an HTTP response is sent from the server.
1.3. Opening internet browser and setting up home page by using internet options
 Browser Software
Is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and display web pages over
the internet.The best internet browser isn’t necessarily the default one that comes with
your device. However, there are a number of very good browsers to choose between,
and the right one for you will depend on your requirements.
 Types of browsers
 Mozilla Firefox: Best overall

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 Mozilla's Firefox is one of the fastest internet browsers we tested for navigating
between sites and for fully loading pages. It also proved to be the most secure
during our in-house tests using live malware.
 Chrome: Best for Google Drive
Google Chrome comes standard on most Android mobile devices, so it is a good choice for
cell phones and tablets. Plus we’ve found that it works a bit better than Firefox on Android
devices. Chrome is also a good choice for Windows and Mac computers.
 Opera: Good all-rounder
Opera is decently fast, about on par with Firefox and Chrome when it comes to
initial startup, site navigation and page loading. It’s compatible with both Windows
and Mac computers, and works on iOS and Android mobile devices. The URL bar
doubles as a search bar, and it has stacking, which means you can drag and drop
open tabs in the order you want them.
1.4. Setting up Internet Option

 Configuring Home page

A home page is generally the main page a visitor navigating to a website from a web
search engine will see, and it may also serve as a landing page to attract visitors.

 Configuring location of temporary files

Temporary Internet Files are a folder on Microsoft Windows which serves as
the browser cache for Internet Explorer to cache pages and other multimedia content,
such as video and audio files, from websites visited by the user. This allows such
websites to load more quickly the next time they are visited.
Each time a user visits a website using Microsoft Internet Explorer, files downloaded with
each web page (including HTML and Javascript code) are saved to the Temporary Internet
Files folder, creating a web cache of the web page on the local computer's hard disk drive,
or other form of digital data storage.

Configuring privacy an security level

Optimizing your browser’s settings is a critical step in using the Internet securely
and privately. Today’s popular browsers include built-in security features, but users
often fail to optimize their browser’s security settings on installation. Failing to
correctly set up your browser’s security features can put you at a higher risk for
malware infections and malicious attacks.

Information Sheet-3 Modifying Toolbars

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3.1. Introduction to toolbars
A browser toolbar is a toolbar that resides within a browser's window. All major web
browsers provide support to browser toolbar development as a way to extend the browser's
GUI and functionality. Browser toolbars are considered to be a particular kind of browser
extensions that present a toolbar. Browser toolbars are specific to each browser, which
means that a toolbar working on a browser does not work on another one. All browser
toolbars must be installed in the corresponding browser before they can be used, and require
updates when new versions are released.

Information Sheet-4 Accessing and retrieving data from particular

site

3.1. Accessing and Retrieving Site Data

For most people now adays, using the internet involves accessing information or
entertainment, viewing products and services, or using social media platforms to keep in
touch with friends and acquaintances. It may seem that visiting a webpage merely involves
entering the URL in the address bar, but that’s just the start of a more complicated process.

 From URL to IP address

The easiest way to access a website is to write the desired address into the address bar located in the
browser. This address is known as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and every webpage can be
reached with its own individual URL (web address). A URL is made up of several sections; all of
which have their own functions. Here is a generic example of a webpage URL:
Protocol Third-level domain Second-level domain Top-level domain (Path) (File)
http:// www. Exampledomain .com /directory /index.html
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of electronically stored hypertext documents.
The hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is used in the World Wide Web in order to transfer
webpage data from the web server to the browser. In addition to HTTP, there’s also an
encrypted version of the protocol: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).

 DNS server: a directory for IP addresses

When a web address is entered into the search bar of the browser, the browser looks for the
requested domain in its cache. If it’s not there, it requests the operating system’s DNS server to find
the required IP address. A DNS server is liable for the name resolution. The DNS server that is to be
requested can be configured in the operating system as well as in the router.

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  The router as a link between computer and server
The router is the interface between the internet and home network. It requests data from the internet
and distributes it to networking devices such as desktop computers, laptops, and tablets. The router
is required as a link since the devices in the home network communicate with each other using local
IP addresses, while outwardly sharing the router’s public IP address. The network addresses are then
translated with a process known as Network Address Translation (NAT). With modern IPv6 internet
connections, translations via NAT generally aren’t needed since every device in the network is
allocated a public IP address.

Information Sheet-6 Opening URL to obtain data and browser link

5.1. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Each website is located at a unique global address called a UniformResource Locator
(URL). When you know the address of a web site it is much easier to locate. Referencing the
Uniform Resource Locator URL allows you to jumpdirectlytothat page at that URL
regardless of where you currently are on the web. All web browsers let you jumpdirectly to
a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) a unique address for Internet resources that are
available through a web browser, including files or directories.

URL’s specify three pieces of information needed to retrieve a document:

- the protocol to be used

- the server address and port to which to connect
- the path to the information

The format for a URL is: Protocol://server-name: port/path. For

example,http://home.netscape.com/welcome/html

A link- is a connection fromone web resource to another. Although a simple concept, the
link has been one of the primary forces driving the success of the web.

Figure 5.1 uniform Resource Locator

A linkhas two ends – called anchors-- and a direction. The link starts at the "source" anchor
and points to the "destination" anchor, which may be any Web resource (e.g., an image, a
video clip, a sound bite, a program, an HTML document, an element within an HTML
document, etc.).

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After you have successfully identified the URL you will be able to accessthe links provided
by the URL.

After you have successfully identified the URL you will be able to accessthe links provided
by the URL.

Figure 5.1 uniform Resource Locator

Operation Sheet-1 Procedures to setting up Home Page

1.1. To change your browser Home Page Follow the following steps
1. On your browser, go to tools, then options
2. On the Internet Options, click on the General tab
3. Type the address that you want to make your home page
1. then click Apply
2. then click OK

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. To Open URL Follow the following Steps

1. Open one of your favorite browser

2. Write the address you want to access on the Address Bar

Fig. 6.1. Opening URL

3. Press Enter from key board or

4. Click Go

LO2 SEARCH INTERNET

Information Sheet-3 Creating and Saving Book marks

1.1. Introduction to book mark
A bookmark is a saved shortcut that directs your browser to a specific webpage. It stores the
title, URL, and icon of the corresponding page. Saving bookmarks allows you to easily
access your favorite locations on the Web.
All major web browsers allow you to create bookmarks, though each browser provides a
slightly different way of managing them. For example, Chrome and Firefox display your
bookmarks in an open window, while Safari displays them in a list in the sidebar of the
browser window. Internet Explorer uses the name "Favorites" to refer to bookmarks, and
like Safari, it displays all your favorites in a list within the browser window sidebar.

To create a bookmark, simply visit the page you want to bookmark and select Add
Bookmark or Bookmark this Page from the Bookmarks menu. In Internet Explorer, you can
click the star icon to open the Favorites sidebar and click Add to Favorites to add the current
page to your bookmarks.
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NOTE: A bookmark only stores the location of a webpage, not store the contents of the
webpage itself. Therefore, when you open a previously saved bookmark, the contents of
page may have changed since the last time you viewed it.

Modifying Page set up options and printing

Information Sheet-4
Information
4.1. How to Adjust Print Margins on a Web Browser
If you run a small business, the Internet enables you to find valuable resources that can help
you expand your business and increase your profits. However, you can't always take your
laptop with you and you don't have an Internet connection everywhere you travel. To take
the information with you everywhere, you must print it. You can print Web pages directly
from your Web browser and, to print more data on a page; you can adjust the print margins.
Both Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox enable you to adjust print margins from the Print
menu

 Other printing options

This article explains how you can remove the number of pages, date, title etc. that the
browser applies to the headers and footers of each printed page by default.

 Different browsers, operating systems and printers

Since all printers have slightly different set-ups, these tips may not work for you. If you find
a better way, we'd love to hear about it. Please contact us and let us know. (Please include
your browser, operating system, printer type and any other information that you think may
be helpful). Thanks!

Operation sheet- 1 Procedures to Opening Search Engine

To open search Engine Follow the following steps:

1. Open one of your preferable browser

2. Write the search engine you want to use
3. Click search

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Figure 1.1. Opening search Engines

Operation sheet-3 Steps to Creating and saving bookmarks

In Internet Explorer:
1 Go to the website you wish to save as a favourite.
2 Choose Favourites menu or click on the Favourites button on the toolbar.
3 Choose Add To Favourites.
4 At the next screen, click on Create In if you cannot see the New Folder option.
5 Now click on New Folder if you wish to create a new folder.
6 Name your folder and click on OK.
7 Ensure the folder you want to save into is open.
8 Change the name of the page against Name if you feel it is not a very helpful name.
9 Click on OK.

Figure 3.1: Choose Add to Favorites from the Favorites menu

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Figure 3.2: New folder option
In Netscape:
1 Go to the site you wish to save as a bookmark.
2 Choose View Menu or click on Bookmarks on the toolbar.

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