‌

Colegio‌‌Juan‌‌de‌‌la‌‌Cierva‌ ‌ ‌
ÁREA‌‌DE‌‌CIENCIAS‌ ‌
ESO‌ ‌
Curso‌‌2020-2021‌ ‌ 1º‌‌ESO‌‌A‌‌/‌‌B‌‌/‌‌C‌ ‌
‌

RECUPERACIÓN‌‌GLOBAL‌ ‌
‌
La‌ ‌recuperación‌ ‌de‌ ‌la‌ ‌asignatura‌‌de‌‌Biology‌‌and‌‌Geology‌‌de‌‌1º‌‌ESO‌‌consta‌‌de‌‌la‌‌
realización‌‌de‌‌un‌‌examen‌‌escrito‌‌de‌‌los‌‌temas:‌ ‌

● Unit‌‌1:‌‌Life‌‌on‌‌Earth‌‌(Apartados‌‌1,‌‌2,‌‌3,‌‌4‌‌y‌‌6).‌‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌2:‌‌Kingdoms‌‌Monera,‌‌Protoctista‌‌and‌‌Fungi‌‌(Apartados‌‌1,‌‌2‌‌y‌‌3).‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌3:‌‌Plants.‌‌Apartados‌‌(1,2,3,6‌‌y‌‌7).‌‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌4:‌‌Animals.‌‌Apartados‌‌(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8).‌‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌5:‌‌Invertebrates.‌‌Apartados‌‌(1,‌‌2,‌‌3,‌‌4,‌‌5).‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌6:‌‌Vertebrates‌‌(Apartados‌‌1,‌‌2,‌‌3,‌‌4‌‌y‌‌5).‌ ‌
● Unit‌‌7:‌‌Biodiversity‌‌and‌‌the‌‌history‌‌of‌‌life‌‌on‌‌Earth(Apartados‌‌1,‌‌2,‌‌3,‌‌4‌‌y‌‌5).‌ ‌
‌
Toni‌‌Ferrer‌ ‌
Departamento‌‌de‌‌Biología‌‌y‌‌Geología‌ ‌
‌‌

1st‌‌TERM‌ ‌

‌ .‌‌The‌‌conditions‌‌necessary‌‌for‌‌life‌.‌F
1 ‌ ill‌‌the‌‌gaps.‌‌ ‌

1. Mild‌‌______________________.‌‌Average:‌‌15ºC.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
2. Water‌‌ in‌‌____________________‌‌state:‌‌forms‌‌part‌‌of‌‌all‌‌living‌‌beings.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
3. Vital‌‌gases:‌‌________________‌‌and________________‌ ‌

4. Support‌‌________________‌‌for‌‌organisms:‌‌many‌‌organisms‌‌live‌‌either‌‌on‌‌or‌‌
in‌‌the‌‌soil.‌ ‌
‌
 2.‌‌Chemical‌‌composition‌‌of‌‌living‌‌things‌.‌F
‌ ill‌‌the‌‌gaps‌‌with‌‌the‌‌words‌‌written‌‌
below.‌‌ ‌

All‌‌matter‌‌in‌‌the‌‌universe‌‌is‌‌made‌‌up‌‌of‌‌____________,‌‌which‌‌join‌‌together‌‌to‌‌form‌‌
molecules.‌‌Molecules‌‌that‌‌make‌‌up‌‌living‌‌organisms‌‌are‌‌called‌‌_____________.‌ ‌

There‌‌are‌‌two‌‌types:‌ ‌
1.Inorganic:‌‌________________and_______________.‌ ‌

2.Organic:__________________,lipids,___________________‌‌
and____________________.‌ ‌

W
‌ ATER‌ ‌PROTEINS‌ ‌BIOMOLECULES‌ ‌CARBOHYDRATES‌ ‌
MINERALS‌ ‌ATOMS‌ ‌NUCLEIC‌‌ACIDS‌ ‌

3.‌‌Define‌ ‌autotrophic‌‌and‌‌heterotrophic‌‌organisms.‌‌Put‌‌an‌‌example‌‌of‌‌each‌‌
one.‌‌ ‌
‌

‌
4.‌‌Match‌‌the‌‌organelles‌‌with‌‌the‌‌corresponding‌‌function.‌‌ ‌

‌ ORGANELLE‌ ‌ ‌ FUNCTION‌ ‌

A‌ ‌ Mitochondria‌ ‌ 1‌ ‌ It‌‌digests‌‌substances.‌ ‌

B‌ ‌ Vacuole‌ ‌ 2‌ ‌ Cellular‌‌respiration,‌‌produces‌‌energy.‌ ‌

C‌ ‌ Lysosome‌ ‌ 3‌ ‌ It‌‌manufactures‌‌proteins.‌ ‌

D‌ ‌ Ribosome‌ ‌ 4‌ ‌ It‌‌stores‌‌water.‌ ‌
5.‌‌Choose‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌answer:‌‌ ‌

● All‌‌cells‌‌contain:‌‌ ‌

A. Nucleus.‌ ‌
 B. Ribosomes.‌ ‌

C. Chloroplast.‌ ‌

● Prokaryotic‌‌cells‌‌contain:‌‌ ‌

A. Nucleus.‌ ‌

B. Mitochondria.‌ ‌

C. Cell‌‌wall.‌ ‌

● Plant‌‌cells‌‌are‌‌the‌‌only‌‌cells‌‌that‌‌contain:‌ ‌

A. Chloroplast.‌ ‌

B. Nucleus.‌ ‌

C. Cytoplasm.‌ ‌

● All‌‌eukaryotic‌‌cells‌‌contain.‌ ‌

A. Cell‌‌wall‌ ‌

B. Large‌‌vacuole‌ ‌

C. Mitochondria‌ ‌

6.‌‌Look‌‌at‌‌the‌‌picture‌‌of‌‌the‌‌cell‌‌and‌‌answer‌‌the‌‌questions:‌‌ ‌

a. Write‌‌the‌‌names‌‌of‌‌the‌‌numbered‌‌structures.‌ ‌

b. Identify‌‌and‌‌write‌‌down‌‌the‌‌cell‌‌type‌‌shown‌‌in‌‌the‌‌picture.‌ ‌

‌
 7.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌table:‌‌ ‌

According‌‌to‌‌the‌‌ Made‌‌up‌‌of‌ ‌ Kingdom‌ ‌

Unicellular‌‌organism‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

‌ ‌ ‌
‌
Several‌‌cells‌ ‌ ‌

Animalia‌ ‌
8.‌‌What‌‌kingdom‌‌do‌‌the‌‌living‌‌organisms‌‌in‌‌the‌‌pictures‌‌belong‌‌to?‌‌Put‌‌them‌‌in‌‌
order‌‌from‌‌least‌‌complex‌‌to‌‌most‌‌complex.‌‌ ‌
‌

9‌.A
‌ nswer‌‌if‌‌the‌‌following‌‌statements‌‌are‌‌True‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌False‌‌(F).‌‌ ‌

1. In‌‌asexual‌‌reproduction‌‌the‌‌offspring‌‌is‌‌identical‌‌to‌‌parents.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
2. Fertilisation‌‌results‌‌in‌‌the‌‌formation‌‌of‌‌a‌‌zygote.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
3. In‌‌binary‌‌fission‌‌a‌‌parent‌‌cell‌‌divides‌‌into‌‌two‌‌daughter‌‌cells‌‌of‌‌different‌‌size.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
4. During‌‌the‌‌excretion‌‌the‌‌waste‌‌is‌‌eliminated‌‌from‌‌the‌‌organism.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
5. Unicellular‌‌organisms‌‌have‌‌several‌‌body‌‌parts‌‌that‌‌take,‌‌expel‌‌and‌‌distribute‌‌
substances.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
6. The‌‌perception‌‌of‌‌stimuli‌‌is‌‌performed‌‌by‌‌the‌‌receptors.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
7. Sexual‌‌reproduction‌‌involves‌‌two‌‌individuals‌‌which‌‌produce‌‌gametes.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
8. Multicellular‌‌organisms‌‌form‌‌colonies.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
 9. Unicellular‌‌organisms‌‌are‌‌grouped‌‌into‌‌tissues.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
10. Monera‌‌are‌‌prokaryotic‌‌cells,‌‌for‌‌example,‌‌bacteria.‌ ‌

10.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌sentence‌‌with‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌words.‌‌ ‌

Bacteria‌ ‌with‌ ‌a‌ ‌spherical‌ ‌shape‌ ‌are‌ ‌called_______________,‌ ‌those‌ ‌that‌ ‌are‌‌
elongated,_____________________‌ ‌if‌ ‌they‌ ‌have‌ ‌a‌ ‌curved‌ ‌shape,______________‌ ‌and‌ ‌if‌‌
they‌‌are‌‌spiral‌‌filaments______________‌ ‌

11.Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌using‌‌the‌‌words‌‌below.‌‌ ‌
a)‌‌Some______________‌‌are______________since,‌‌for‌‌example,‌‌they‌‌are‌‌involved‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
bread‌‌making‌‌process.‌ ‌

b)‌ ‌Some‌ ‌_________________‌ ‌are‌ ‌_____________‌‌because‌‌they‌‌live‌‌in‌‌our‌‌intestines‌‌and‌‌

c)‌‌We‌‌get‌‌________________,‌‌such‌‌as‌‌penicillin,‌‌from‌‌some‌‌types‌‌of‌‌____________.‌‌ ‌

d)‌‌The‌‌majority‌‌of‌‌algae‌‌are‌‌ _______________‌ ‌

‌UNICELLULAR‌ ‌-‌ ‌FUNGI‌ ‌-‌ ‌HELPFUL‌ ‌-‌ ‌AQUATIC‌ ‌-‌ ‌ ‌

12. Define‌‌mycelium‌‌and‌‌hyphae.‌‌ ‌

‌
‌

‌
 ‌

13. Complete‌‌the‌‌table‌‌on‌‌how‌‌bacteria‌‌obtain‌‌nutrients.‌‌ ‌

TYPE‌‌OF‌‌BACTERIA‌ ‌ HOW‌‌THEY‌‌OBTAIN‌‌NUTRIENTS‌ ‌

Saprophytic‌‌or‌‌decomposers‌ ‌ ‌

‌ They‌‌take‌‌their‌‌nutrients‌‌from‌‌other‌‌
organisms,‌‌giving‌‌them‌‌disease.‌ ‌

‌ ‌

14. Choose‌‌the‌‌appropriate‌‌word‌‌and‌‌underline‌‌it.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
a)‌‌Protozoa‌‌reproduce‌‌by‌c
‌ ell‌‌division‌‌/‌‌spores.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
b)‌‌Protozoa‌‌are‌‌unicellular‌p
‌ rokaryotic‌‌/‌‌eukaryotic‌‌‌organisms.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
c)‌‌Nutrition‌‌for‌‌algae‌‌is‌h
‌ eterotrophic‌‌/‌‌autotrophic.‌ ‌
‌ ‌
e)‌‌Algae‌‌generally‌‌reproduce‌a
‌ sexually‌‌/‌‌sexually‌‌‌by‌‌cell‌‌division‌‌and‌s
‌ exually‌‌/‌‌
asexually‌‌‌through‌‌gametes.‌‌ ‌

15. Name‌‌the‌‌parts‌‌of‌‌the‌‌fungus.‌‌ ‌
16. Choose‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌option.‌‌ ‌

● What‌‌mechanisms‌‌do‌‌protozoa‌‌use‌‌to‌‌move?‌ ‌

A. Flagella,‌‌hypha‌‌and‌‌cilia.‌ ‌

B. Flagella,‌‌pseudopodia‌‌and‌‌bacilli.‌ ‌

C. Cilia,‌‌flagella‌‌and‌‌pseudopodia.‌ ‌

● What‌‌is‌‌pseudopodia?‌ ‌

A. A‌‌movement‌‌mechanism‌‌used‌‌by‌‌protozoa‌‌made‌‌up‌‌of‌‌numerous‌‌short‌‌
strands.‌ ‌

B. A‌‌movement‌‌mechanism‌‌used‌‌by‌‌protozoa‌‌made‌‌up‌‌of‌‌long‌‌strands.‌ ‌

C. A‌‌movement‌‌mechanism‌‌used‌‌by‌‌protozoa‌‌made‌‌up‌‌of‌‌extensions‌‌of‌‌the‌‌
cytoplasm.‌ ‌

● What‌‌makes‌‌fungus‌‌cells‌‌different‌‌to‌‌plant‌‌cells?‌ ‌

A. They‌‌have‌‌chloroplasts,‌‌but‌‌not‌‌cell‌‌walls.‌ ‌

B. They‌‌do‌‌not‌‌have‌‌cell‌‌walls‌‌or‌‌chloroplasts.‌ ‌

C. They‌‌have‌‌cell‌‌walls‌‌but‌‌not‌‌chloroplasts.‌ ‌

● What‌‌is‌‌a‌‌lichen?‌ ‌

A. A‌‌symbiosis‌‌between‌‌an‌‌alga‌‌and‌‌a‌‌fungus‌‌that‌‌is‌‌used‌‌as‌‌an‌‌antibiotic.‌ ‌

B. A‌‌symbiosis‌‌between‌‌a‌‌moss‌‌and‌‌a‌‌fungus‌‌that‌‌is‌‌used‌‌as‌‌a‌‌pollution‌‌
indicator.‌ ‌

C. A‌‌symbiosis‌‌between‌‌an‌‌alga‌‌and‌‌a‌‌fungus‌‌that‌‌is‌‌used‌‌as‌‌a‌‌pollution‌‌
indicator.‌ ‌

17.‌‌Say‌‌whether‌‌these‌‌sentences‌‌are‌‌true‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌false‌‌(F).‌‌ ‌
A. Fungi‌‌are‌‌heterotrophic‌‌and‌‌their‌‌bodies‌‌are‌‌formed‌‌by‌‌strands‌‌called‌‌spores.‌ ‌
B. Yeasts‌ ‌are‌ ‌multicellular‌ ‌fungi‌ ‌that‌ ‌grow‌ ‌in‌ ‌some‌ ‌foods,‌ ‌such‌ ‌as‌ ‌fruit‌ ‌and‌‌
bread.‌ ‌
C. Moulds‌‌are‌‌unicellular‌‌fungi‌‌that‌‌grow‌‌on‌‌food‌‌such‌‌as‌‌fruit‌‌and‌‌bread.‌ ‌
D. All‌‌the‌‌components‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Kingdom‌‌Protoctista‌‌are‌‌unicellular.‌ ‌
E. Protozoa‌ ‌are‌ ‌unicellular‌ ‌organisms‌ ‌whose‌ ‌prokaryotic‌ ‌cells‌ ‌are‌ ‌similar‌ ‌to‌‌
those‌‌of‌‌plants.‌ ‌
 F. Algae‌ ‌are‌ ‌unicellular‌ ‌or‌ ‌multicellular‌ ‌eukaryotic‌ ‌organisms‌‌whose‌‌cells‌‌have‌‌
chloroplasts‌‌and‌‌cell‌‌walls.‌ ‌
G. Nutrition‌‌for‌‌algae‌‌is‌‌heterotrophic.‌ ‌
H. Protozoa‌‌and‌‌some‌‌algae‌‌reproduce‌‌by‌‌cell‌‌division.‌ ‌
I. Bacteria‌‌are‌‌prokaryotic‌‌multicellular‌‌organisms.‌ ‌
J. Yeasts‌ ‌are‌ ‌multicellular‌ ‌fungi‌ ‌that‌ ‌grow‌ ‌in‌ ‌some‌ ‌foods,‌ ‌such‌ ‌as‌ ‌fruit‌ ‌and‌‌
bread.‌ ‌
18.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌outline.‌ ‌

‌
A=‌‌ ‌ ‌
B=‌‌ ‌
C=‌‌ ‌ ‌

D=‌‌ ‌
E=‌‌ ‌
UNIT‌‌3:‌‌PLANTS‌ ‌

1. Complete‌‌the‌‌table‌‌of‌‌the‌‌functions‌‌of‌‌various‌‌plant‌‌organs.‌‌ ‌
‌
Plant‌‌organ‌ ‌ Function‌ ‌

‌ They‌‌absorb‌‌water‌‌and‌‌minerals.‌ ‌
‌
‌
Flowers‌ ‌ ‌
‌ ‌
‌ ‌
‌

‌ Keeps‌‌the‌‌plant‌‌erect‌‌and‌‌holds‌‌up‌‌the‌‌
‌
leaves,‌‌the‌‌flowers‌‌and‌‌the‌‌fruit.‌ ‌
‌
‌

Leaves‌ ‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
2. State‌‌what‌‌type‌‌of‌‌reaction‌‌or‌‌response‌‌each‌‌example‌‌refers‌‌to:‌‌ ‌
‌
A. The‌‌stem‌‌grows‌‌against‌ ‌the‌‌direction‌‌of‌‌the‌‌gravitational‌‌pull._____________‌ ‌
B. A‌‌carnivorous‌‌plant‌‌traps‌‌an‌‌insect‌‌when‌‌touched‌‌by‌‌it._______________‌ ‌
C. A‌‌flower‌‌opens‌‌in‌‌the‌‌morning‌‌and‌‌closes‌‌at‌‌night.______________‌ ‌
D. The‌‌roots‌‌of‌‌a‌‌tree‌‌grow‌‌towards‌‌water._______________‌ ‌
E. Response‌‌to‌‌physical‌‌contact‌‌such‌‌as‌‌climbing‌‌plants._______________‌ ‌

3. Draw‌‌a‌‌leaf‌‌and‌‌indicate‌‌the‌‌following‌‌parts:‌‌petiole,‌‌blade,‌‌veins,‌‌stomata,‌‌light‌‌
energy,‌‌carbon‌‌dioxide,‌‌adaxial‌‌surface,‌‌abaxial‌‌surface,‌‌xylem‌‌sap‌‌and‌‌
oxygen.‌‌ ‌

4. Explain.‌ ‌

A.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌a‌‌spore?‌ ‌

B.‌‌Where‌‌do‌‌spores‌‌form?‌‌ ‌

‌
 C.‌‌Is‌‌this‌‌type‌‌of‌‌reproduction‌‌sexual‌‌or‌‌asexual?‌‌ ‌
‌

5. a)‌‌Indicate‌‌the‌‌following‌‌parts.‌‌ ‌

b)‌‌Define‌‌pistil‌‌and‌‌stamen.‌ ‌

6. Answer‌‌the‌‌following‌‌questions.‌‌ ‌

What‌‌is‌‌phloem‌‌sap‌‌made‌‌of?‌ ‌

What‌‌is‌‌xylem‌‌sap‌‌made‌‌of?‌

7. Choose‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌option:‌ ‌

Pollination‌‌is:‌ ‌

A. The‌‌joining‌‌together‌‌of‌‌a‌‌male‌‌and‌‌female‌‌gamete.‌ ‌
 B. A‌ ‌plant‌ ‌response‌ ‌in‌ ‌which‌ ‌plants‌‌direct‌‌their‌‌growth‌‌towards‌‌or‌‌away‌‌from‌‌a‌‌
stimulus.‌ ‌
C. The‌‌transportation‌‌of‌‌pollen‌‌grains‌‌from‌‌the‌‌anthers‌‌to‌‌the‌‌stigma.‌ ‌

Fertilisation‌‌is:‌ ‌

A. The‌‌joining‌‌together‌‌of‌‌a‌‌male‌‌and‌‌female‌‌gamete.‌ ‌
B. A‌‌plant‌‌response‌‌which‌‌consists‌‌of‌‌a‌‌rapid‌‌movement‌‌of‌‌some‌‌parts.‌ ‌
C. The‌‌production‌‌of‌‌carbohydrates‌‌(sugar)‌‌which‌‌mix‌‌with‌‌water‌‌in‌‌the‌‌leaves‌‌to‌‌
form‌‌the‌‌phloem‌‌sap.‌ ‌

The‌‌zygote:‌‌ ‌

A. Produces‌‌water‌‌and‌‌carbon‌‌dioxide.‌ ‌
B. Develops‌‌and‌‌forms‌‌the‌‌seed.‌ ‌
C. Are‌‌tubes‌‌located‌‌into‌‌the‌‌stem‌ ‌

The‌‌germination:‌ ‌

A. Is‌‌a‌‌nutritious‌‌substance.‌‌ ‌
B. Starts‌‌when‌‌the‌‌seed‌‌absorbs‌‌water.‌
C. The‌‌future‌‌plant.‌ ‌

8. Fill‌‌the‌‌gaps‌‌using‌‌the‌‌words‌‌below.‌‌ ‌
a. ______________‌‌enters‌‌the‌‌leaf‌‌through‌‌_______________.‌‌ ‌
b. Water‌‌and‌‌carbon‌‌dioxide‌‌reach‌‌the‌‌_______________‌‌of‌‌the‌‌cells‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
green‌‌parts‌‌of‌‌the‌‌plant.‌ ‌
c. _________________‌‌is‌‌a‌‌process‌‌that‌‌occurs‌‌in‌‌the‌‌chloroplast‌‌as‌‌long‌‌as‌‌
there‌‌is‌‌enough‌‌light‌‌energy‌‌for‌‌the‌‌plant‌‌to‌‌carry‌‌out‌‌this‌‌process.‌ ‌
d. _____________‌‌mixes‌‌with‌‌water‌‌in‌‌the‌‌leaves‌‌to‌‌form‌‌the‌‌______________.‌ ‌
e. Photosynthesis‌‌produces‌‌_____________‌ ‌and‌‌sugar‌‌as‌‌a‌‌waste‌‌product.‌ ‌
‌
Carbon‌‌dioxide‌ ‌Stomata‌ ‌Chloroplasts‌ ‌
Photosynthesis‌ ‌Sugar‌ ‌Phloem‌‌sap‌ ‌Oxygen‌ ‌

9. ‌Answer‌‌if‌‌the‌‌following‌‌statements‌‌are‌‌True‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌False‌‌(F).‌‌ ‌
a) In‌‌Angiosperms‌‌the‌‌seeds‌‌are‌‌in‌‌a‌‌fruit.‌ ‌
b) The‌‌leaves‌‌of‌‌the‌‌conifers‌‌are‌‌not‌‌hard‌‌and‌‌normally‌‌do‌‌not‌‌have‌‌the‌ ‌shape‌‌
 of‌‌needles.‌ ‌
c) ‌In‌‌Gymnosperms‌‌the‌‌seeds‌‌are‌‌not‌‌developed‌‌inside‌‌a‌‌fruit.‌ ‌
d) Angiosperms‌‌normally‌‌are‌‌hermaphrodites.‌ ‌
e) Some‌‌species‌‌of‌‌plants‌‌have‌‌both‌‌sexes:‌‌male‌‌and‌‌female‌ ‌
f) In‌‌entomophilous‌‌pollination,‌‌pollen‌‌grains‌‌are‌‌transported‌‌by‌‌the‌‌wind.‌ ‌
g) In‌‌anemophilous‌‌pollination,‌‌pollen‌‌grains‌‌are‌‌transported‌‌by‌‌insects.‌ ‌
h) Seeds‌‌or‌‌fruits‌‌can‌‌be‌‌dispersed‌‌by‌‌different‌‌ways,‌‌for‌‌example,‌‌by‌‌
propulsion.‌ ‌
i) The‌‌fruit‌‌protects‌‌the‌‌seeds‌‌and‌‌helps‌‌with‌‌their‌‌dispersion.‌ ‌
j) Plant‌‌cells‌‌have‌‌cell‌‌walls‌‌and‌‌chloroplasts.‌ ‌

10.‌‌Put‌‌the‌‌following‌‌stages‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌order.‌ ‌

● Seed‌‌and‌‌fruit‌‌formation.‌ ‌
● Germination.‌ ‌
● Pollination.‌ ‌
● Seed‌‌dispersion.‌ ‌
● Fertilisation.‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
UNIT‌‌4:‌‌ANIMALS‌ ‌
‌
‌
1. Write‌‌down‌‌the‌‌types‌‌of‌‌symmetry‌‌that‌‌these‌‌animals‌‌show.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
 2. Complete‌‌the‌‌table‌‌adding‌‌the‌‌corresponding‌‌animal‌‌to‌‌the‌‌right‌‌column.‌‌ ‌
‌

VERTEBRATES‌ ‌ INVERTEBRATES‌ ‌

‌ ‌

‌
molluscs‌ ‌poriferans‌ ‌amphibians‌ ‌reptiles‌ ‌cnidarians‌ ‌worms‌ ‌
arthropods‌ ‌fish‌ ‌birds‌ ‌mammals‌ ‌

‌
3. Put‌‌each‌‌sentence‌‌in‌‌the‌‌corresponding‌‌function.‌‌Only‌‌use‌‌the‌‌letter‌‌that‌‌
describes‌‌the‌‌sentence.‌‌ ‌
DIGESTION‌ ‌ RESPIRATION‌ ‌

‌ ‌

CIRCULATION‌ ‌ EXCRETION‌ ‌

‌ ‌

A. Gastrovascular‌‌cavities‌‌and‌‌digestive‌‌tracts‌‌are‌‌different‌‌types‌‌of‌‌systems.‌ ‌
B. The‌‌main‌‌function‌‌is‌‌to‌‌expel‌‌substances.‌ ‌
C. Gills‌‌and‌‌the‌‌surface‌‌of‌‌the‌‌body‌‌are‌‌two‌‌different‌‌systems.‌‌ ‌
D. Kidneys‌‌and‌‌Malpighian‌‌tubules‌‌are‌‌two‌‌different‌‌systems.‌ ‌
E. The‌‌main‌‌function‌‌is‌‌to‌‌take‌‌oxygen‌‌and‌‌to‌‌expel‌‌carbon‌‌dioxide.‌ ‌
F. Trachea‌‌and‌‌lungs.‌ ‌
G. The‌‌main‌‌function‌‌is‌‌the‌‌transporting‌‌of‌‌substances.‌ ‌
 H. There‌‌are‌‌opened‌‌and‌‌closed‌‌systems.‌ ‌
I. The‌‌main‌‌function‌‌is‌‌the‌‌transformation‌‌of‌‌food‌‌to‌‌obtain‌‌the‌‌nutrients‌‌it‌‌contains.‌ ‌
J. These‌‌systems‌‌filter‌‌the‌‌circulating‌‌fluids‌‌of‌‌the‌‌animal‌‌and‌‌pick‌‌up‌‌any‌‌waste.‌ ‌
4.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌table‌‌below.‌‌ ‌

SEX‌ ‌ GONAD‌ ‌ GAMETE‌ ‌

Male‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

‌ Ovaries‌ ‌ ‌
5.‌‌Fill‌‌the‌‌gaps:‌‌ ‌
● _________________________‌:‌‌are‌‌present‌‌in‌‌many‌‌invertebrates.‌‌They‌‌only‌‌
detect‌‌light.‌ ‌
● _________________________:‌‌are‌‌present‌‌in‌‌arthropods.‌‌They‌‌are‌‌made‌‌up‌‌
of‌‌thousands‌‌of‌‌individual‌‌units‌‌(ommatidia).‌‌ ‌
● _________________________:are‌‌present‌‌in‌‌some‌‌invertebrates‌‌and‌‌almost‌‌
all‌‌vertebrates.‌‌They‌‌provide‌‌clear‌‌images.‌ ‌
● _________________________:‌‌are‌‌organs‌‌that‌‌contain‌‌receptor‌‌cells‌‌which‌‌
perceive‌‌light.‌ ‌
● _________________________:‌‌perceives‌‌pressure‌‌and‌‌enable‌‌the‌‌sense‌‌of‌‌
touch.‌ ‌
● _________________________:‌‌detect‌‌vibrations‌‌in‌‌the‌‌air‌‌or‌‌water.‌ ‌
● _________________________:‌‌perceive‌‌substances‌‌in‌‌the‌‌air,‌‌water‌‌or‌‌food.‌ ‌

6.‌‌Choose‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌option:‌‌ ‌
THE‌‌NERVOUS‌‌SYSTEM‌ ‌

a) Receives‌‌signals‌‌from‌‌the‌‌receptors,‌‌interprets‌‌them,‌‌and‌‌generates‌‌orders‌‌to‌‌enable‌‌
coordinated‌‌responses.‌ ‌
b) Is‌‌a‌‌single‌‌opening‌‌that‌‌serves‌‌to‌‌take‌‌and‌‌to‌‌expel‌‌any‌‌undigested‌‌material.‌ ‌
c) Produces‌‌the‌‌gas‌‌exchange‌‌through‌‌the‌‌surface‌‌of‌‌the‌‌bodies.‌ ‌

NEURONS‌ ‌

a) They‌‌produce‌‌electrical‌‌signals‌‌called‌‌nerve‌‌impulses.‌ ‌
b) Are‌‌two‌‌sponge-like‌‌organs.‌ ‌
c) Are‌‌a‌t‌ype‌‌of‌‌a‌‌circulatory‌‌fluid‌‌which‌‌is‌‌able‌‌to‌‌move‌‌in‌‌and‌‌out‌‌the‌‌vessels.‌ ‌

THE‌‌ENCEPHALON‌‌AND‌‌THE‌‌SPINAL‌‌CORD‌‌ ‌

a) Removes‌‌carbon‌‌dioxide‌‌from‌‌the‌‌body.‌ ‌
 b) Are‌‌nerves‌‌centres‌‌that‌‌process‌‌the‌‌information.‌ ‌
c) Are‌‌tissues‌‌or‌‌organs‌‌whose‌‌cells‌‌contract.‌‌When‌‌they‌‌contract‌‌they‌‌generate‌‌a‌‌
movement.‌ ‌

THE‌‌ENDOCRINE‌‌SYSTEM‌ ‌

a) This‌‌system‌‌produces‌‌hormones‌‌and‌‌releases‌‌them‌‌into‌‌the‌‌blood.‌ ‌
b) Process‌‌by‌‌which‌‌the‌‌parent‌‌splits‌‌its‌‌body‌‌into‌‌two‌‌or‌‌more‌‌parts‌ ‌
c) Process‌‌which‌‌takes‌‌place‌‌outside‌‌the‌‌female‌‌reproductive‌‌system.‌ ‌

7.‌‌Identify‌‌the‌‌processes‌‌shown‌‌below.‌‌ ‌

8.‌‌Explain‌‌what‌‌are‌‌viviparous‌‌animals,‌‌ovoviviparous‌‌and‌‌oviparous‌‌animals.‌‌ ‌

9.‌‌Classify‌‌these‌‌organs‌‌as‌‌chemoreceptor‌‌organs‌‌or‌‌mechanoreceptors:‌‌ ‌

a) Lateral‌‌line.‌ ‌
 b) Tongue.‌ ‌
c) Ear.‌ ‌
d) Antennae.‌ ‌

10.‌‌Answer‌‌if‌‌the‌‌following‌‌statements‌‌are‌‌True‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌False‌‌(F).‌‌ ‌
A. Animals‌‌come‌‌in‌‌a‌‌wide‌‌variety‌‌of‌‌shapes,‌‌sizes,‌‌structures‌‌and‌‌behaviours.‌ ‌
B. Vertebrates‌‌do‌‌not‌‌have‌ ‌column‌‌or‌‌an‌‌internal‌‌skeleton.‌ ‌
C. Lungs‌‌are‌‌very‌‌thin‌‌tubes‌‌which‌‌originate‌‌openings‌‌in‌‌the‌‌body‌‌and‌‌are‌‌common‌‌in‌‌
insects.‌ ‌
D. Open‌‌circulatory‌‌systems‌‌are‌‌common‌‌in‌‌arthropods‌‌and‌‌molluscs.‌ ‌
E. Mechanoreceptors‌‌contain‌‌receptor‌‌cells‌‌which‌‌perceive‌‌light.‌ ‌
F. The‌‌skin‌‌perceives‌‌pressure‌‌and‌‌enables‌‌the‌‌sense‌‌of‌‌touch.‌ ‌
G. The‌‌cells‌‌of‌‌the‌‌nervous‌‌system‌‌are‌‌called‌‌neurons.‌ ‌
H. Neurons‌‌are‌‌connected‌‌to‌‌each‌‌other‌‌without‌‌touching.‌ ‌
I. Muscles‌‌generate‌‌movement.‌ ‌
J. The‌‌external‌‌fertilisation‌‌takes‌‌place‌‌outside‌‌the‌‌female‌‌reproductive‌‌system.‌‌

UNIT‌‌5:‌‌INVERTEBRATES‌ ‌

1.‌‌Look‌‌at‌‌the‌‌characteristics‌‌in‌‌the‌‌table‌‌and‌‌write‌‌down‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌box‌‌whether‌‌
they‌‌are‌‌polyps,‌‌sponges‌‌or‌‌jellyfish.‌‌ ‌
POLYPS‌ ‌SPONGES‌ ‌JELLYFISH‌ ‌

The‌‌walls‌‌of‌‌their‌‌bodies‌‌have‌‌perforations.‌ ‌ ‌

Their‌‌mouth‌‌is‌‌surrounded‌‌by‌‌tentacles.‌ ‌ ‌

They‌‌have‌‌radial‌‌symmetry.‌ ‌ ‌

The‌‌mouth‌‌is‌‌on‌‌top.‌ ‌ ‌

They‌‌live‌‌floating‌‌around‌‌the‌‌sea.‌ ‌ ‌

They‌‌live‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌a‌‌rock,‌‌another‌‌ ‌
animal...‌ ‌

They‌‌are‌‌aquatic.‌ ‌ ‌

‌
2.Fill‌‌the‌‌blanks‌‌in‌‌the‌‌sentences‌‌related‌‌to‌‌worms.‌‌Use‌‌the‌‌words‌‌below.‌‌ ‌
 A‌‌………………..‌‌worms‌‌are‌‌………………‌‌worms,‌‌which‌‌have‌‌a‌‌…………………..‌‌
body‌‌that‌‌is‌‌……………………‌‌at‌‌the‌‌ends.‌ ‌

B.…………………‌‌and‌‌sandworms‌‌are‌‌…………………..‌‌worms.‌ ‌

C.The‌‌tapeworm‌‌has‌‌flattened‌‌…………………...‌‌.‌‌ ‌

D.‌‌On‌‌its‌‌…………………..‌‌,‌‌the‌‌tapeworm‌‌has‌‌suckers‌‌and‌‌……………………..‌‌to‌‌
attach‌‌themselves‌‌to‌‌the‌‌walls‌‌of‌‌the‌‌…………………‌ ‌.‌‌ ‌

EARTHWORMS‌ ‌-‌ ‌THINNER‌ ‌-‌ ‌ANNELID‌ ‌-‌ ‌INTESTINAL‌ ‌-‌ ‌CYLINDRICAL‌ ‌-‌ ‌
NEMATODE‌ ‌-‌ ‌RINGS‌ ‌-‌ ‌SCOLEX‌ ‌-‌ ‌HOOKS‌ ‌-‌ ‌INTESTINES‌ ‌-‌ ‌
3.Place‌‌the‌‌terms‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌position.‌‌ ‌
A. Foot‌‌has‌‌become‌‌tentacles.‌ ‌
B. Flat‌‌foot‌‌on‌‌which‌‌they‌‌crawl.‌ ‌
C. Head‌‌with‌‌eyes‌‌on‌‌tentacles.‌ ‌
D. Shell‌‌with‌‌two‌‌parts.‌ ‌
E. Spiral-shaped.‌ ‌
F. Wedge-shaped‌‌foot.‌ ‌
G. No‌‌shell‌ ‌

GASTROPODS‌ ‌ BIVALVES‌ ‌ CEPHALOPODS‌ ‌

‌ ‌ ‌

‌
4.Place‌‌the‌‌terms‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌spot.‌‌ ‌
A. Eight‌‌legs‌ ‌
B. Ten‌‌legs‌ ‌
C. Very‌‌hard‌‌exoskeleton‌ ‌
D. Many‌‌legs.‌ ‌
 E. Six‌‌legs.‌ ‌
F. For‌‌example,‌‌crabs‌‌and‌‌prawns.‌ ‌
G. Some‌‌have‌‌wings.‌ ‌
H. For‌‌example,‌‌spiders‌‌and‌‌scorpions.‌ ‌
I. For‌‌example,‌‌bees‌‌and‌‌butterflies.‌ ‌
J. For‌‌example,‌‌centipedes‌‌and‌‌millipedes.‌ ‌
‌

ARACHNIDS‌ ‌ CRUSTACEANS‌ ‌ MYRIAPODS‌ ‌ INSECTS‌ ‌

‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

5.Choose‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌option:‌‌ ‌

1.Sponges‌‌are‌‌…‌ ‌

A. Parasites.‌ ‌

B. Terrestrial.‌ ‌

C. Filter‌‌feeders.‌ ‌

2.‌‌What‌‌are‌‌cnidocytes?‌ ‌

A. Cnidarian‌‌cells‌‌that‌‌release‌‌an‌‌aromatic‌‌substance.‌ ‌

B. Cnidarian‌‌cells‌‌that‌‌release‌‌a‌‌poisonous‌‌substance.‌ ‌

C. Sponge‌‌cells‌‌that‌‌release‌‌a‌‌poisonous‌‌substance.‌ ‌

3.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌the‌‌body‌‌of‌‌Platyhelminthes‌‌like?‌ ‌

A. Cylindrical.‌ ‌

B. Flat.‌ ‌

C. Square.‌ ‌

4.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌the‌‌byssus?‌ ‌

A. A‌‌mass‌‌of‌‌filaments‌‌that‌‌gastropods‌‌use‌‌to‌‌attach‌‌themselves‌‌to‌‌rocks.‌ ‌

B. A‌‌mass‌‌of‌‌filaments‌‌that‌‌bivalves‌‌use‌‌to‌‌breathe.‌ ‌

C. A‌‌mass‌‌of‌‌filaments‌‌that‌‌bivalves‌‌use‌‌to‌‌attach‌‌themselves‌‌to‌‌rocks.‌ ‌

5.‌‌How‌‌is‌‌the‌‌body‌‌of‌‌crustaceans‌‌divided?‌ ‌
 A. A‌‌head‌‌and‌‌trunk.‌ ‌

B. A‌‌cephalothorax‌‌and‌‌abdomen.‌ ‌

C. A‌‌head,‌‌trunk‌‌and‌‌abdomen.‌ ‌

6.Name‌‌an‌‌example‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following:‌ ‌
A. Gastropod:‌‌ ‌
B. Cephalopod:‌‌ ‌
C. Arachnid:‌ ‌
D. Bivalve:‌‌ ‌
7.Look‌‌at‌‌the‌‌invertebrates‌‌in‌‌the‌‌illustrations.‌‌Classify‌‌them‌‌into‌‌groups‌‌and‌‌
subgroups‌‌and‌‌list‌‌two‌‌of‌‌the‌‌characteristics‌‌that‌‌helped‌‌you‌‌arrive‌‌at‌‌your‌‌answer.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
8.Decide‌‌if‌‌it‌‌is‌‌True‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌False‌‌(F).‌‌ ‌
A. Earthworms‌‌are‌‌hermaphrodites.‌ ‌
B. Sponges‌‌come‌‌in‌‌many‌‌colours.‌ ‌
C. Molluscs‌‌are‌‌only‌‌aquatic.‌ ‌
D. Molluscs‌‌breathe‌‌through‌‌lungs‌‌or‌‌through‌‌gills.‌ ‌
E. The‌‌shell‌‌function‌‌is‌‌to‌‌protect‌‌the‌‌animal.‌ ‌
F. Snails‌‌use‌‌radula‌‌to‌‌feet.4‌ ‌
G. Insects‌‌have‌‌camera-type‌‌eyes.‌ ‌
H. Myriapods‌‌have‌‌wings.‌ ‌
9.Complete‌‌the‌‌outline.‌‌ ‌

‌
A:‌ ‌
B:‌ ‌
C:‌ ‌
D:‌ ‌
E:‌ ‌
3rd‌‌TERM‌ ‌
UNIT‌‌6:‌‌VERTEBRATES‌ ‌
1.‌‌*Define‌‌ectothermic.‌ ‌
2.‌‌*What‌‌is‌‌the‌‌lateral‌‌line?‌‌What‌‌is‌‌its‌‌purpose?‌ ‌
3.‌‌State‌‌which‌‌type‌‌of‌‌fish‌‌each‌‌picture‌‌represents.‌ ‌ ‌
‌
 ‌
4.‌‌Mark‌‌which‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌characteristics‌‌fish‌‌have:‌‌ ‌
A. They‌‌are‌‌aquatic‌‌ ‌
B. They‌‌are‌‌endothermic‌‌ ‌
C. They‌‌have‌‌bare‌‌skin‌‌ ‌
D. They‌‌have‌‌a‌‌lateral‌‌line‌‌ ‌
E. They‌‌have‌‌fins‌‌ ‌
F. They‌‌have‌‌gills‌ ‌
‌
5.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌table:‌ ‌
‌
‌ BONY‌‌FISH‌ ‌ CARTILAGINOUS‌‌FISH‌ ‌

They‌‌have‌‌an‌‌operculum‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

They‌‌have‌‌a‌‌swim‌‌bladder‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

Where‌‌is‌‌the‌‌mouth?‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

What‌‌are‌‌their‌‌scales‌‌like?‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

What‌‌is‌‌their‌‌tail‌‌fin‌‌like?‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
6.‌‌Match‌‌each‌‌term‌‌to‌‌its‌‌definition.‌ ‌
‌
A‌ ‌ Ectothermic‌ ‌ 1‌ ‌ The‌‌transformations‌‌that‌‌larvae‌‌go‌‌
‌ through‌‌to‌‌become‌‌adults.‌ ‌ ‌

B‌ ‌ Lateral‌‌line‌ ‌ 2‌ ‌ An‌‌animal‌‌whose‌‌body‌‌temperature‌‌
 ‌ depends‌‌on‌‌the‌‌environment’s‌‌
temperature.‌ ‌

C‌ ‌ Metamorphosis‌ ‌ 3‌ ‌ The‌‌organ‌‌that‌‌connects‌‌the‌‌embryo‌‌to‌‌
‌ the‌‌mother,‌‌allowing‌‌the‌‌embryo‌‌to‌‌
receive‌‌nutrients‌‌from‌‌the‌‌mother‌‌and‌‌
remove‌‌waste.‌‌ ‌

D‌ ‌ Placental‌ ‌ 4‌ ‌ A‌‌fish’s‌‌sense‌‌organ,‌‌which‌‌allows‌‌them‌‌
‌ to‌‌detect‌‌vibrations.‌ ‌
‌
‌
1.*Where‌‌do‌‌you‌‌think‌‌the‌‌name‌‌amphibian‌‌comes‌‌from,‌‌given‌‌that‌a ‌ mphi-‌‌‌means‌‌
“double”‌‌and‌b ‌ io-‌‌‌means‌‌life?‌ ‌
‌
2.*What‌‌type‌‌of‌‌respiration‌‌do‌‌amphibians‌‌exhibit?‌ ‌
‌
‌
3.Complete‌‌the‌‌table‌‌by‌‌writing‌‌YES‌‌or‌‌NO‌‌as‌‌to‌‌whether‌‌or‌‌not‌‌the‌‌amphibians‌‌in‌‌
each‌‌group‌‌have‌‌the‌‌characteristics‌‌listed.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌ Anurans‌ ‌ Urodeles‌ ‌

Longer‌‌hind‌‌legs‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

Legs‌‌of‌‌the‌‌same‌‌length‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

Very‌‌thin‌‌skin‌‌and‌‌many‌‌ ‌ ‌
glands‌ ‌

They‌‌do‌‌not‌‌have‌‌a‌‌tail‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

Ectothermic‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

Long‌‌body‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
‌
4.Put‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌in‌‌order:‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌The‌‌larva,‌‌called‌‌a‌‌tadpole,‌‌hatches‌‌from‌‌the‌‌egg.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Males‌‌and‌‌females‌‌release‌‌gametes‌‌into‌‌the‌‌water‌‌and‌‌fertilisation‌‌takes‌‌place.‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌The‌‌tadpole‌‌loses‌‌its‌‌tail,‌‌develops‌‌legs‌‌and‌‌lungs‌‌and‌‌becomes‌‌an‌‌adult.‌‌ ‌
D.‌‌Fertilised‌‌eggs‌‌develop‌‌in‌‌the‌‌water.‌‌ ‌
‌
5.*Give‌‌two‌‌examples‌‌of‌‌anurans‌‌and‌‌urodeles.‌ ‌
1.*List‌‌the‌‌characteristics‌‌that‌‌enable‌‌reptiles‌‌to‌‌survive‌‌in‌‌very‌‌dry‌‌places.‌ ‌
2.*Do‌‌tortoises‌‌have‌‌teeth?‌‌How‌‌do‌‌they‌‌cut‌‌their‌‌food?‌ ‌
3.‌‌Which‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌are‌‌characteristics‌‌of‌‌reptiles?‌‌ ‌
1. Some‌‌have‌‌scales.‌‌ ‌
 2. They‌‌breathe‌‌through‌‌their‌‌lungs.‌‌ ‌
3. The‌‌majority‌‌are‌‌herbivores.‌‌ ‌
4. They‌‌are‌‌endothermic.‌‌ ‌
5. They‌‌mainly‌‌live‌‌on‌‌land.‌‌ ‌
6. They‌‌lay‌‌eggs‌‌with‌‌shells.‌ ‌
‌
4.‌‌List‌‌the‌‌main‌‌characteristics‌‌of‌‌reptiles.‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
1.‌‌What‌‌are‌‌air‌‌sacs?‌
‌
‌
‌
2.Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌about‌‌birds.‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌Birds‌‌have‌‌an‌‌……………………………‌‌body‌‌to‌‌allow‌‌them‌‌to‌‌…………………‌‌more‌‌
easily.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Their‌‌mandibles‌‌form‌‌a‌‌………………………………‌‌,‌‌the‌‌shape‌‌of‌‌which‌‌varies‌‌according‌‌
to‌‌the‌‌………………………‌ ‌.‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌Their‌‌lungs‌‌are‌‌linked‌‌to‌‌little‌‌sacks‌‌called‌‌……………………..‌‌that‌‌make‌‌the‌‌body‌‌lighter‌‌
and‌‌help‌‌them‌‌……………………..‌‌when‌‌flying.‌ ‌
‌
3.According‌‌to‌‌the‌‌information‌‌from‌‌the‌‌pictures‌‌and‌‌descriptions,‌‌state‌‌the‌‌type‌‌of‌‌
bird‌‌in‌‌each‌‌picture.‌‌ ‌

4.‌‌Birds‌‌can‌‌live‌‌in‌‌cold‌‌areas.‌‌Give‌‌one‌‌reason‌‌why.‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
5.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌a‌‌keel?‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
6.‌‌Place‌‌the‌‌following‌‌characteristics‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌box:‌‌have‌‌lungs,‌‌endothermic,‌‌
have‌‌feathers,‌‌have‌‌teeth,‌‌pulmonary‌‌respiration,‌‌ectothermic,‌‌have‌‌scales,‌‌have‌‌air‌‌
sacs,‌‌lay‌‌eggs‌‌with‌‌shells.‌ ‌
‌
BIRDS‌ ‌ ‌

REPTILES‌ ‌ ‌
‌
1.Name‌‌three‌‌characteristics‌‌that‌‌mammals‌‌have‌‌and‌‌the‌‌other‌‌groups‌‌do‌‌not.‌ ‌
‌
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‌
2.Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌diagram‌‌on‌‌mammals‌‌using‌‌the‌‌following‌‌terms:‌‌ ‌
duck-billed‌‌platypus,‌‌viviparous,‌‌placental,‌‌marsupial,‌‌dog,‌‌oviparous,‌‌viviparous,‌‌developed‌‌
offspring,‌‌marsupials,‌‌developed‌‌offspring.‌‌ ‌

‌
‌
1:‌ ‌
2:‌ ‌
3:‌ ‌
4:‌ ‌
5:‌ ‌
6:‌ ‌
7:‌ ‌
8:‌ ‌
9:‌ ‌
10:‌ ‌
‌
3.How‌‌do‌‌the‌‌offspring‌‌of‌‌mammals‌‌feed‌‌in‌‌the‌‌first‌‌stages‌‌of‌‌their‌‌lives?‌ ‌
4.Define‌‌pouch.‌ ‌
5.Explain‌‌how‌‌monotremes‌‌reproduce.‌ ‌
6.What‌‌is‌‌the‌‌function‌‌of‌‌the‌‌placenta?‌ ‌
7.List‌‌three‌‌examples‌‌of‌‌monotremes,‌‌marsupials‌‌and‌‌placentals.‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
UNIT‌‌7:‌‌Biodiversity‌‌and‌‌the‌‌history‌‌of‌‌life‌‌on‌‌Earth‌ ‌
‌
1.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌with‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌terms:‌‌ ‌
An‌‌ecosystem‌‌is‌‌made‌‌up‌‌of‌‌a‌‌group‌‌of‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌that‌‌are‌‌called‌‌......................................‌‌
....................,‌‌the‌‌environment‌‌they‌‌live‌‌in,‌‌which‌‌is‌‌called‌‌the‌ ‌...............................................,‌‌
and‌‌the‌‌..........................................................‌‌established‌‌among‌‌them‌‌all.‌‌ ‌
‌
2.‌‌Write‌‌the‌‌following‌‌terms‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌column:‌‌ ‌
water,‌‌temperature,‌‌oak,‌‌oxygen,‌‌fox,‌‌sparrow,‌‌caterpillar,‌‌soil.‌‌ ‌
‌
Biotic‌‌factors‌ ‌ ‌Abiotic‌‌factors‌‌ ‌

‌ ‌

‌
3.‌‌Decide‌‌whether‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌are‌‌true‌‌(T)‌‌or‌‌false‌‌(F):‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌All‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌in‌‌an‌‌ecosystem‌‌are‌‌considered‌‌a‌‌population.‌‌
B.‌‌Population‌‌is‌‌the‌‌term‌‌used‌‌to‌‌refer‌‌to‌‌all‌‌individuals‌‌of‌‌the‌‌same‌‌species‌‌that‌‌
inhabit‌‌a‌‌specific‌‌place.‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌Biocoenosis‌‌is‌‌the‌‌term‌‌for‌‌all‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌in‌‌an‌‌ecosystem.‌‌ ‌
D.‌‌Biotope‌‌is‌‌the‌‌term‌‌for‌‌components‌‌of‌‌an‌‌ecosystem‌‌that‌‌are‌‌not‌‌alive.‌‌ ‌
E.‌‌Biotope‌‌is‌‌the‌‌term‌‌for‌‌the‌‌microscopic‌‌components‌‌of‌‌the‌‌ecosystem.‌‌ ‌
‌
4.‌‌What‌‌are‌‌the‌‌three‌‌components‌‌of‌‌ecosystems?‌ ‌
A. Biotope,‌‌physical‌‌conditions‌‌and‌‌interactions.‌ ‌
B. Living‌‌beings,‌‌biocoenosis‌‌and‌‌interactions.‌ ‌
C. Biotope,‌‌biocoenosis‌‌and‌‌interactions.‌ ‌
‌
5.‌‌Classify‌‌these‌‌living‌‌things‌‌into‌‌producers,‌‌consumers‌‌and‌‌decomposers:‌ ‌
cactus,‌‌mushroom,‌‌falcon,‌‌apple‌‌tree,‌‌bacteria,‌‌mouse,‌‌rabbit‌‌and‌‌wheat‌ ‌
‌
Producers‌ ‌ Consumers‌ ‌ Decomposers‌ ‌

‌ ‌ ‌

‌
6.‌‌Interspecific‌‌relations‌‌occur...‌ ‌
A. Between‌‌organisms‌‌of‌‌the‌‌same‌‌species.‌ ‌
B. Between‌‌organisms‌‌of‌‌different‌‌species.‌ ‌
C. Between‌‌organisms‌‌of‌‌the‌‌same‌‌trophic‌‌level.‌ ‌
‌
‌
7.‌‌Why‌‌is‌‌it‌‌said‌‌that‌‌soil‌‌is‌‌an‌‌interface?‌ ‌
A. Because‌‌the‌‌biosphere‌‌is‌‌not‌‌involved‌‌in‌‌its‌‌formation.‌ ‌
B. Because‌‌the‌‌geosphere,‌‌biosphere,‌‌hydrosphere‌‌and‌‌atmosphere‌‌are‌‌involved‌‌in‌‌in‌‌
its‌‌formation.‌ ‌
C. Because‌‌the‌‌geosphere‌‌and‌‌biosphere‌‌are‌‌involved‌‌in‌‌its‌‌formation,‌‌but‌‌not‌‌the‌‌
hydrosphere‌‌or‌‌atmosphere.‌ ‌
‌
8.‌‌State‌‌which‌‌ecosystem‌‌is‌‌referred‌‌to‌‌in‌‌each‌‌case:‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌They‌‌are‌‌conditioned‌‌by‌‌temperature,‌‌latitude‌‌and‌‌precipitation.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌They‌‌are‌‌conditioned‌‌by‌‌the‌‌water‌‌and‌‌salinity.‌‌ ‌
‌
9.‌‌The‌‌disappearance‌‌of‌‌just‌‌one‌‌species‌‌can‌‌affect‌‌the‌‌balance‌‌of‌‌the‌‌planet.‌‌Explain‌‌
this‌‌sentence‌‌with‌‌an‌‌example.‌ ‌
‌
10.‌‌Complete‌‌the‌‌following‌‌paragraph:‌ ‌
‌‌
Biodiversity,‌‌in‌‌other‌‌words,‌‌the‌‌………………………..‌ ‌of‌‌………………………...‌‌that‌‌
……………………………‌‌the‌‌planet,‌‌is‌‌a‌‌very‌‌precious‌‌asset,‌‌since‌‌it‌‌provides‌‌us‌‌with‌‌
…………………………….‌‌and‌‌because‌‌it‌‌is‌‌necessary‌‌for‌‌the………………………….‌ ‌of‌‌our‌‌
…………………...‌‌ ‌
‌
11.‌‌For‌‌each‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌cases,‌‌name‌‌some‌‌of‌‌the‌‌resources‌‌that‌‌you‌‌think‌‌
biodiversity‌‌provides‌‌us‌‌with.‌‌ ‌
‌
A.‌‌A‌‌precious‌‌forest‌‌of‌‌chestnut‌‌trees‌‌on‌‌the‌‌side‌‌of‌‌a‌‌mountain‌‌with‌‌a‌‌mountain‌‌
stream‌‌running‌‌through‌‌it.‌‌
B.‌‌The‌‌ocean‌‌that‌‌lies‌‌off‌‌the‌‌coast‌‌of‌‌a‌‌small‌‌town.‌‌ ‌
‌
12.‌‌Indicate‌‌which‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌resources‌‌are‌‌made‌‌possible‌‌by‌‌biodiversity:‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌Beef‌‌ ‌
 G.‌‌Plastic‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Places‌‌to‌‌go‌‌kayaking‌‌ ‌
H.‌‌Honey‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌Petroleum‌‌ ‌
I.‌‌Coal‌‌ ‌
D.‌‌Medication‌‌to‌‌fight‌‌cancer‌‌ ‌
J.‌‌Places‌‌to‌‌take‌‌pictures‌‌ ‌
E.‌‌Wool‌‌
K.‌‌Spices‌ ‌
F.‌‌Recycle‌‌paper.‌‌ ‌
L.‌‌Biofuels‌‌ ‌
‌
13.‌‌State‌‌the‌‌organisms‌‌that‌‌help‌‌keep‌‌the‌‌planet‌‌balanced‌‌by‌‌performing‌‌the‌‌
following‌‌functions:‌‌ ‌
‌
They‌‌help‌‌eliminate‌‌waste‌‌of‌‌living‌‌ ‌
beings‌ ‌
‌

They‌‌contribute‌‌to‌‌reducing‌‌pollution‌‌ ‌ ‌
‌

They‌‌release‌‌oxygen‌‌into‌‌the‌‌ ‌
atmosphere,‌‌which‌‌we‌‌use‌‌to‌‌breathe‌ ‌

They‌‌provide‌‌food‌‌for‌‌other‌‌living‌‌beings‌ ‌
‌‌
14.‌‌The‌‌following‌‌human‌‌actions‌‌cause‌‌a‌‌loss‌‌of‌‌biodiversity.‌‌Put‌‌them‌‌in‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌
category‌‌in‌‌the‌‌table;‌‌either‌‌overexploitation‌‌or‌‌disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems.‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌A‌‌fire‌‌in‌‌an‌‌area‌‌of‌‌the‌‌forest‌‌to‌‌clear‌‌land‌‌for‌‌planting‌‌crops.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Overfishing‌‌one‌‌type‌‌of‌‌fish‌‌in‌‌a‌‌marine‌‌area.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Building‌‌a‌‌motorway‌‌in‌‌the‌‌middle‌‌of‌‌a‌‌forest.‌‌ ‌
D.‌‌Excessive‌‌logging.‌‌ ‌
E.‌‌Dumping‌‌untreated‌‌wastewater‌‌into‌‌a‌‌river.‌‌ ‌
F.‌‌Building‌‌a‌‌residential‌‌area‌‌on‌‌the‌‌coast‌‌where‌‌there‌‌was‌‌previously‌‌no‌‌human‌‌
population.‌‌ ‌
G.‌‌Fires.‌ ‌
H.‌‌Overharvesting‌‌of‌‌coral‌ ‌
I.‌‌Unnecessary‌‌construction‌‌of‌‌transport‌‌networks.‌‌ ‌
‌
Overexploitation‌ ‌ Disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems‌‌ ‌
 ‌ ‌

‌‌
15.‌‌What‌‌is‌‌biodiversity?‌ ‌
A. The‌‌variety‌‌of‌‌species‌‌that‌‌inhabited‌‌the‌‌Earth‌‌many‌‌years‌‌ago.‌ ‌
B. The‌‌variety‌‌of‌‌species‌‌that‌‌inhabit‌‌or‌‌have‌‌inhabited‌‌our‌‌planet.‌ ‌
C. The‌‌variety‌‌of‌‌animals‌‌that‌‌inhabit‌‌or‌‌have‌‌inhabited‌‌our‌‌planet.‌ ‌
‌
16.‌‌How‌‌does‌‌the‌‌extinction‌‌of‌‌a‌‌species‌‌disrupt‌‌the‌‌balance‌‌of‌‌the‌‌environment?‌ ‌
A. Because‌‌it‌‌can‌‌cause‌‌the‌‌extinction‌‌of‌‌species‌‌that‌‌depend‌‌on‌‌it‌‌to‌‌feed‌‌themselves.‌ ‌
B. The‌‌disappearance‌‌of‌‌a‌‌single‌‌species‌‌does‌‌not‌‌cause‌‌any‌‌imbalance‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
environment.‌ ‌
C. Because‌‌it‌‌causes‌‌the‌‌appearance‌‌of‌‌new‌‌species.‌ ‌
‌
17.‌‌Which‌‌are‌‌the‌‌main‌‌causes‌‌of‌‌loss‌‌of‌‌biodiversity?‌ ‌
A. The‌‌overexploitation‌‌of‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌and‌‌the‌‌creation‌‌of‌‌protected‌‌spaces.‌ ‌
B. The‌‌overexploitation‌‌of‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌and‌‌the‌‌disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems.‌ ‌
C. The‌‌creation‌‌of‌‌protected‌‌spaces‌‌and‌‌the‌‌disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems.‌ ‌
‌
18.‌‌What‌‌measures‌‌can‌‌be‌‌taken‌‌to‌‌conserve‌‌biodiversity?‌ ‌
A. Disrupt‌‌ecosystems‌‌and‌‌avoid‌‌the‌‌disappearance‌‌of‌‌species.‌ ‌
B. Overexploit‌‌resources‌‌and‌‌avoid‌‌the‌‌disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems.‌ ‌
C. Avoid‌‌the‌‌extinction‌‌of‌‌species‌‌and‌‌the‌‌disruption‌‌of‌‌ecosystems.‌ ‌
‌
19.‌‌What‌‌does‌‌captive‌‌breeding‌‌consist‌‌of?‌ ‌
A. The‌‌removal‌‌of‌‌some‌‌species‌‌from‌‌their‌‌natural‌‌habitat.‌ ‌
B. The‌‌reproduction‌‌and‌‌rearing‌‌of‌‌endangered‌‌species‌‌in‌‌order‌‌to‌‌later‌‌reintroduce‌‌
them‌‌into‌‌their‌‌natural‌‌habitats.‌ ‌
C. Different‌‌species‌‌reproducing,‌‌resulting‌‌in‌‌a‌‌new‌‌species.‌ ‌
‌
20.‌‌Which‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌measures‌‌contribute‌‌to‌‌the‌‌conservation‌‌of‌‌biodiversity:‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌Prohibiting‌‌massive‌‌petroleum‌‌extraction.‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌Preventing‌‌fires.‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌Reducing‌‌emissions‌‌of‌‌polluting‌‌gases‌‌into‌‌the‌‌atmosphere.‌‌ ‌
D.‌‌Establishing‌‌captive‌‌breeding‌‌programmes‌‌for‌‌endangered‌‌species.‌‌ ‌
E.‌‌Recycling‌‌paper.‌‌ ‌
‌
21.‌‌What‌‌terms‌‌do‌‌the‌‌following‌‌definitions‌‌correspond‌‌to?‌‌ ‌
‌
A.‌‌Slow‌‌and‌‌gradual‌‌changes‌‌in‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌throughout‌‌the‌‌history‌‌of‌‌life‌‌on‌‌Earth.‌‌ ‌
Term:‌‌……………................‌‌ ‌
 ‌
B.‌‌Adaptation‌‌of‌‌organisms‌‌to‌‌the‌‌environment‌‌they‌‌inhabit.‌‌ ‌
Term:‌ ‌………………………‌ ‌
‌
22.‌‌Classify‌‌the‌‌following‌‌adaptations:‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌Wolves‌‌hunt‌‌in‌‌packs:‌‌ ‌
B.‌‌In‌‌winter,‌‌birds‌‌migrate‌‌to‌‌warmer‌‌areas:‌‌ ‌
C.‌‌Polar‌‌bears‌‌have‌‌a‌‌layer‌‌of‌‌fat‌‌below‌‌their‌‌fur‌‌to‌‌protect‌‌them‌‌from‌‌the‌‌cold:‌ ‌
‌
23.‌‌Explain‌‌the‌‌adaptations‌‌of‌‌the‌‌plant‌‌that‌‌live‌‌in‌‌the‌‌deserts.‌ ‌
‌
‌
24.‌‌The‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌are‌‌false;‌‌explain‌‌why.‌‌ ‌
A.‌‌The‌‌adaptation‌‌of‌‌a‌‌species‌‌to‌‌the‌‌conditions‌‌of‌‌the‌‌environment‌‌is‌‌very‌‌quick.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
B.‌‌The‌‌huge‌‌biodiversity‌‌on‌‌the‌‌Earth‌‌appeared‌‌suddenly‌‌and‌‌has‌‌always‌‌been‌‌the‌‌same.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
‌
25.‌‌Name‌‌a‌‌structural‌‌adaptation‌‌of‌‌each‌‌of‌‌these‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌and‌‌explain‌‌the‌‌
advantage‌‌of‌‌it.‌‌ ‌
‌
Scorpion‌‌ ‌
Adaptation:‌‌ ‌
Advantage:‌‌ ‌
‌
Snail‌‌ ‌
Adaptation:‌‌ ‌
Advantage:‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
26.‌‌The‌‌picture‌‌is‌‌of‌‌a‌‌Posidonia‌‌meadow;‌‌one‌‌of‌‌the‌‌ecosystems‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Mediterranean‌‌
Sea‌‌with‌‌the‌‌most‌‌biodiversity.‌‌Fill‌‌in‌‌the‌‌table‌‌with‌‌reference‌‌to‌‌the‌‌species‌‌that‌
inhabit‌‌Posidonia‌‌meadow.‌‌ ‌
 ‌
Possible‌‌threats‌ ‌ ‌Measures‌‌for‌‌protecting‌‌them‌ ‌

‌ ‌

‌
27.‌‌What‌‌are‌‌the‌‌main‌‌types‌‌of‌‌adaptation‌‌that‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌display?‌ ‌
A. Structural‌‌adaptations‌‌and‌‌feeding‌‌adaptations.‌ ‌
B. Reproductive‌‌adaptations‌‌and‌‌behavioural‌‌adaptations.‌ ‌
C. Structural‌‌and‌‌behavioural‌‌adaptations.‌ ‌
‌
28.‌‌Behavioural‌‌adaptations‌‌are...‌ ‌
A. Changes‌‌in‌‌the‌‌body‌‌in‌‌order‌‌to‌‌carry‌‌out‌‌certain‌‌activities.‌ ‌
B. Actions‌‌that‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌carry‌‌out‌‌solely‌‌to‌‌feed‌‌themselves.‌ ‌
C. Actions‌‌that‌‌living‌‌beings‌‌carry‌‌out‌‌that‌‌benefit‌‌them‌‌in‌‌some‌‌way.‌ ‌
‌
29.‌‌All‌‌of‌‌the‌‌following‌‌sentences‌‌have‌‌a‌‌mistake.‌‌Find‌‌the‌‌mistake‌‌and‌‌correct‌‌it:‌ ‌
A.‌‌Plants‌‌lose‌‌a‌‌large‌‌amount‌‌of‌‌water‌‌from‌‌their‌‌stem,‌‌which‌‌is‌‌why‌‌they‌‌are‌‌covered‌‌
with‌‌an‌‌impermeable‌‌wax.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
B.‌‌When‌‌warmer‌‌weather‌‌arrives,‌‌some‌‌animals‌‌migrate‌‌or‌‌hibernate.‌‌ ‌
‌
‌
‌
C.‌‌Photosynthetic‌‌organisms‌‌in‌‌aquatic‌‌environments‌‌live‌‌at‌‌great‌‌depths‌‌in‌‌order‌‌to‌‌
receive‌‌more‌‌light.‌ ‌
‌