Kinematic Theory of Gases
Kinematic Theory of Gases
Kinematic Theory of Gases
THEORY OF GASES
• The dimensions of a molecule is negligible compared to the average distance
between the molecules.
• Molecules of gases are incessant random motion colliding against one another
and with the walls of the container.
• Molecules are perfectly rigid spheres with no internal structure. There is no
force of attraction or repulsion between molecules among themselves or
between the molecules and the walls. Thus all internal energy of the gas is
kinetic.
• All collisions between molecules among themselves or between molecules and
the walls are elastic. Between two collisions a molecule moves in a straight line
with uniform velocity.
Concept of kinetic energy ,pressure
& temperature
Pressure exerted by a gas
It is due to continuously bombardment of gas molecule against the walls of the
container and is given by the relation.
P= 1/3 n mv2
where n is the number density of molecules . m is the mass of the
molecule and v2 is mean square velocity.
Kinetic interpretation of
temperature
Let P,V and T be the pressure volume and temperature of the gas respectively.
Form kinetic theory of gases, the pressure exerted by one mole of an idle gas is given by
P = 1/3 M/V * u-2
or PV = MV-2/3
where
Where N is the total number of molecules the plot of n v vs. v is known as Maxwell's speed
distribution and is shown in graph.
Root mean square velocity of gas
molecule
It is defined as the square root of the squares of the velocities of the
individual molecules of the gas.
Now,
Mean speed or average speed
It is the arithmetic mean of the speeds of molecule in a gas at a given
temperature .
Mean speed of a molecule is given by