How to put together a simple Gantt Chart-

Start by listing all the programs you need to complete your task
Then write down the earliest day you need to cmplete each activities.
Use graph paper or spreadsheet and plot out how each task will be done and
completed
Schedule people's task appropraitely

Microsoft project is an app that project managers often use.

To better see and understand a gantt chart, a colour coding can be considered

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that span the
globe.

It is a massive infrastructure that enables the exchange of information and

communication between computers and devices connected to it. The Internet is
responsible for the transmission of data, allowing various services such as email,
file sharing, video streaming, and more. It consists of a vast collection of
networks, including private, public, academic, and government networks, all linked
together using standard protocols.

The World Wide Web (often referred to as the Web) is a system of interconnected
documents and resources, which are accessed via the Internet.

When you use a web browser like Chrome or Firefox to look up information on the
internet, that's the Web in action. It's a way of organizing and presenting
information on the Internet, using things like websites and links to move from one
page to another.

So, to summarize, the Internet is the big network that connects everything, and the
World Wide Web is a way of accessing and viewing information on that network using
webpages and links.

It may help to imagine the Web as a massive library that contains billions of
books, pictures, videos, and other resources. To access this library, you use a
special device called a web browser, like Chrome or Safari. When you want to find
something specific in the library, you type the address of the resource you're
looking for, just like entering a book's title into a search engine.

Behind the scenes, there are powerful computers called servers that store all the
information in the library. When you type the address in your browser, it sends a
request to the server, saying, "Hey, I want to see this resource." The server then
locates the requested information and sends it back to your browser. Once your
browser receives the information, it knows how to display it correctly. It
understands the code that makes up the web page, just like a translator who can
read and understand different languages. The browser takes the code and transforms
it into something visually appealing on your screen, like text, images, and videos.

- WWW is not man internet, it is a part of an internet

-Internet contains www, emails, FTP and Telnet
-1989, Tim Berner created WWW
Important Terminologies...

1. The Internet and Web: The web is often confused with the Internet, but they are
not the same thing. The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computers,
while the Web is a system that uses the Internet to access and display information.
Think of the internet as the infrastructure, and the web as the tool to navigate
and interact with that infrastructure.

2. Web Pages and Websites: Web pages are the building blocks of the web. They are
documents containing text, images, videos, and other content. Websites are
collections of web pages organized together. Each web page has a unique address
called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), which allows us to access it through a web
browser

3. Web Browsers: Web browsers, such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, are software
applications that allow us to view web pages. They interpret the code behind web
pages, called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), and render them into the visual
content we see on our screens. Browsers also handle user interactions, such as
clicking links and submitting forms.

4. Hyperlinks and URLs: Hyperlinks are clickable elements on web pages that allow
us to navigate between different web pages. They are typically underlined or
displayed in a different colour. URLs, as mentioned earlier, are addresses that
uniquely identify web pages. Clicking on a hyperlink takes us to a new web page by
following the associated URL.

5. HTTP and Web Servers: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used
for communication between web clients (browsers) and web servers. When a user
enters a URL in a web browser, the browser sends an HTTP request to the appropriate
web server. The server processes the request and sends back an HTTP response
containing the requested web page or other resources.

6. HTML and Web Content: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup
language used for creating web pages. It defines the structure and content of a web
page using tags and elements. Web developers use HTML to structure the text,
images, links, and other elements that make up a web page. Browsers interpret the
HTML code and render it into the visual content displayed to users.

7. DNS and Domain Names: DNS (Domain Name System) is responsible for translating
human-readable domain names (e.g., www.example.comLinks to an external site.) into
IP addresses, which are the unique identifiers of web servers on the internet. When
a user enters a domain name in a browser, the browser sends a DNS request to a DNS
server to resolve the domain name into its corresponding IP address. This allows
the browser to locate and connect to the appropriate web server.

An IP address is an identifier of a computer and it is a set of four numbers

separated by periods and it wantes from 0 to 255.

DNS attach a human readable name to an IP address. The DNS first check the cache
whenever you enter a web adddress to see if there's a record for it, if not found
it will check the local DNS server, if not still found, it will check the root name
server.

TYPES OF SERVER:
1. A web server- handles incoming HTTP requests
2. An application server- responsible for running the software of the web app
3. A database server- runs database management sxystem
**Load balancer prevents any server from being overloaded.

HOW THE WEB WORKS- IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONALITY

1. Information Sharing and Accessibility: The web revolutionized how we access and
share information. It provides a platform for businesses, individuals, and
organizations to publish content that is instantly accessible to a global audience.
Whether it's news, educational resources, or e-commerce platforms, the web
democratises information, making it easily available to anyone with an internet
connection.

2. Hypertext and Hyperlinks: The concept of hypertext is what allows the web to be
a vast interconnected network of information. Hypertext refers to text containing
links that connect to other related documents or resources. These links, called
hyperlinks, enable users to navigate between web pages and explore content
seamlessly. They are the backbone of the web, facilitating the interconnectedness
of information.

3. Web Standards and Compatibility: To ensure a consistent and reliable web

experience, standards have been established. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
defines these standards, which include HTML, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and
JavaScript. These languages ensure that web pages are structured, styled, and
interactive across different browsers and devices, promoting compatibility and a
consistent user experience

4. Evolution of Web Applications: The web has evolved beyond static pages to
dynamic web applications. With the introduction of technologies like JavaScript and
frameworks such as React and Angular, web applications now offer rich interactivity
and real-time updates. This shift has enabled the development of complex web-based
tools, collaboration platforms, and immersive user experiences.

BUILDING YOUR CONFIDENCE

STEP 1: Connect with yourself- find the unique you (describe your background
[family, where you grew up etc.], Identify experiences that shaped you [childhood
events, work experience, volunteering, hobbies etc.], List your notable traits
[personality, habits, personal style etc.]

STEP 2: Focus on Building Confident Behaviours

True confidence is about expressing yourself in ways that feel authentic and
comfortable to you. Confidence isn't just something you have or don't have-- it is
something you can grow through regular practice. (Remember growth mindset?) Here
are a few behaviours you can try that will help you feel more confident over time-
we invite you to experiment with them and keep practising

Be intentional in how you greet people:

Smile.
Put warmth in your voice.
Use positive body language (eye contact, standing tall, uncrossing your arms).

Catch and stop yourself if you do any of these behaviours that put yourself down:

Speaking quietly or hesitantly.

Apologizing for speaking.
Using qualifiers like "I may be wrong", "I just got lucky", and "What do I know?"
Speaking with a question mark in all your sentences.
Using demeaning phrases to describe yourself, such as "I'm just a rookie, I'm just
a newbie".

Commit to making one comment or asking one question in an upcoming meeting:

Start with a low-pressure meeting like a peer coaching session.

Write down one comment or question you can ask; practice saying it out loud in
front of a mirror.
Have an accountability partner (a peer) to help you follow through with the
question/ comment during the meeting.

Script out how you would introduce yourself when meeting someone new

Write 2 - 3 sentences that describe who you are and what you do.
Focus on your strengths, passions, and ambitions.
Practice your introduction with people who can give you honest feedback on how to
improve.

Take more initiative:

Identify a person you would like to connect with (e.g., a potential mentor, a
colleague, or a speaker at a conference).
Write a short, professional message you'd like to send them, and then send it!

BASIC ELEVATOR SPEECHES

A basic personal elevator pitch includes the following:

1) Your Name.

2) Your background. This can be achievements or key relevant aspects of your

education/work experience.

3) Any needed short context. Brief information that helps others to understand your
background better. For example:

"My background in the travel and leisure industry has contributed to my skills in
travel planning and my desire to pursue that further."
"I've always enjoyed working with big data sets. This makes me highly proficient in
data analytical tools like Excel and Python."
4) Highlights of your top skills. These could be those 3 key skills you highlighted
in your resume summary.

5) A connection (if any). This can be your interest in a specific industry or type
of work. An example can be your desire to work with clients in the arts and
entertainment industry because of your love of the creative arts.

6) Your value proposition.

What you will bring to the table - the value you will add to a client/employer's
day-to-day business.
What makes you stand out and why they should hire you? For example, "I am
resourceful, quick-to-action, and I self-manage well."
5) Your ask. You need to be clear and say exactly what you want from the person you
are communicating with. An example can be "If you're looking for a super-efficient
software engineer who can troubleshoot app glitches within 5 hours, please connect
with me on The Room portal."

6) A professional concluding statement. For example "I'd be delighted to put my

Salesforce skills to good use and help you solve that infrastructure problem you
mentioned."

""I'm Michael Akinnubi, a graduate of business administration from Adekunle Ajasin

University, Akungba, Ondo State. My love for numbers started during my formative
years where i ten to excel in calculative subjects than non-calculative subjects,
this grew my analytical, cognotive and quantitative skills and improve my
confidence to be a data anlyst. With my wealth of experience in data analysis,
cleaning and manipulation, i believe i am a perfect fit for the role of a data
analyst in your organization. My skills will help provide accutrate data that will
drive growth by 10% monthly in your organization.

This information gives a summary of my skillset and the invaluable values i can
offer an employer. This skillset will solve major business challenges if adopted by
engaging me.""

When writing a bio, include the following (the colour codes indicate which sentence
belongs to which category of a bio):

1. Your name

2. Your current role or professional tagline

3. Your company or personal brand

4. Your goals and aspirations

5. Your 2 - 3 most impressive and relevant achievements

Here's an example:

"Emily Karanja is the Senior Product Manager at Flutterwave, a Fintech unicorn

startup based in Nigeria. She is passionate about building low-cost payment
solutions for Small and Mid-Sized Enterprises in the African continent and hopes to
achieve that through her team within the next 5 years. Before Flutterwave, Emily
spearheaded a World Bank-funded financial inclusion project at a Nairobi-based non-
profit. She graduated top 3% of her class at the African Leadership University's
MBA program."

DATA ANALYSIS OVERVIEW

1. Define your question
2. Data sources and Collect your data (primary sources or secondary sources)
3. Clean your data
4. Analyze the data (regression analysis, cluster analysis, time series analysis.)
5. Interprete and share result.

Skills to have as a data analyst

1. Mathematical and statistical abilities
2. Programming languages such as python, and oracle.
3. Excellent communication skills

DATA SCIENCE OVERVIEW

Data science requires additional expertise beyond data analytics. Data science
includes the entire process of data collection, analysis, visualization, and
interpretation.

Data scientists use their knowledge of statistics, machine learning, programming,

and specific subject matter expertise to extract meaning from large and complex
datasets. Data scientists typically use advanced algorithms and models to discover
hidden patterns, predict future trends, and solve complex problems.

scraping the internet means you are writing codes to collect data from different
data sources.

Data science life cycle:

1. collect the dat 2. organize the data 3. analyze the data 4. build models on the
data 5. automate the models

Getting an manipulating data, data scientist use SQl.

DIFERENCE BETWEEN DATA ANALYTICS AND DATA SCIENCE

Data analytics is a subset of data science.

Data analysts typically examine existing data to find insights and answer specific
questions on trends, patterns or relationships in that data.

The main goal of data analysis is to uncover meaningful information and provide
valuable insights into what has already happened, potentially to inform future
decisions.

Data analysis plays a vital role in many businesses, enabling organizations to

uncover valuable understanding, insights, and improve decision-making, and drive
business strategies.

while...

Data scientists typically have a more advanced skillset than data analysts. Their
work usually encompasses a broader range of activities and includes data analysis,
but also involves predictive modeling and algorithm development to make future
predictions based on historical data.

Data scientists aim to extract knowledge from data to make predictions about future
events or outcomes and often build data complex models, utilizing machine learning
techniques.

"Three Dominant Data Science Trends that Changed the Data World
Forbes author Bernard Schroeder discusses three dominant trends that are currently
noticeable in the rising Data Science profession, creating profitable opportunities
for smaller business operations and startups:

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Data Science field will grow
by almost 28% by 2026. Moreover, the emergence of advanced AI technologies has
fueled the use of highly sophisticated analytics techniques across mainstream
businesses, which includes small businesses and startups. This trend indicates a
strong growth in demand for data scientists, business analysts, and other related
data-technology positions, which in turn, signals the growth of Data Science
skills.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning together will revolutionize all
industry sectors and human life in general, in the next two decades. These advanced
technologies are here to stay and prosper—transforming the way “consumers interact
with devices” in their daily lives.
Growing regulatory restrictions related to “first-party data” will create a
bubbling community of data exchanges and data marketplaces for buying and selling
data. While the data marketplaces indicate financial transactions, data exchanges
will not involve any such transactions. Data exchanges will work on a mutual-
benefit model.
These three trends are making the jobs of data scientists and data analysts
increasingly important in the global business world."

From the Data Analytics/ Science activity, how many Sudanese refugees are there
worldwide (excluding South Sudan)? 20,555,754

From the Data Analytics/ Science activity, how many Sudanese refugees are assisted
by UNHCR? 10,464,362

From the Data Analytics/ Science activity, between the USA, Canada, and the UK,
which country received the largest number of refugees in 2021? uNITED kINGDOM

How much did it cost (hypothetically) for Zambia to host their refugees in 2021?
$141,674,0000

SALESFORCE
SAAS- software as a services

service cloud
marketing cloud
community cloud
Analytics cloud
App cloud
Internet of Things cloud

The Salesforce career space is just as booming as their revenue

A recent IDC analysis estimates that by 2026, Salesforce and its ecosystem of
partners will generate $1.6 trillion in new global corporate revenues and 9.3
million new jobs. The study also reveals that Salesforce is significantly fostering
the expansion of its partner ecosystem, which will generate $6.19 for every $1 that
Salesforce generates by 2026.

The demand for developers, administrators, and analysts of Salesforce is more than
ever, and these positions also call for skill and service-related experience as the
service is expanding quickly. Jobs requiring these Salesforce skills have generally
been growing swiftly. To meet the global requirement of Salesforce professionals,
companies are in search of those who are skilled in Salesforce.3

SALESOFRCE QUIZ

What happens when you move all the opportunity stages from Selected Values to
Available Values and Save? You are prompted to select at least one opportunity
stage

Account Name ↑
On the Opportunities page, when the upward-facing arrow ↑ is next to Account Name
it means that? The data is sorted by Account Name in Alphabetical order, from A -
Z

When creating a new Lead in Salesforce, which of the following does not appear as a
Lead Status? Closed

In Salesforce, when on the Accounts page and you click on the Settings icon for the
page, one of the below options appears. Ans: Clone

When in Salesforce, the Sales Home page and the Setup Home page? Are different in
functionality and features

The ALX Salesforce track takes- 14 weeks

Salesforce is a/an Software as a Service (SaaS)

AWS SPECIALIZATION

Cloud storage services such as Dropbox

Software as a Service (SaaS) providers like Salesforce
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS),
Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
Platform as a Service (PaaS) providers like Heroku, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, and
Google App Engine
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) such as Cloudflare and Akamai.

AWS- IS A SECURED CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM THAT PROVIDES

PRODUCTS
EC2, AWS LAMBDA, AMAZON LIGHTSAIL AND ELASTIC BEANSTALK

There is also a growing trend in career job titles that you can fill as an AWS
professional. With more demand for the platform, career opportunities continue to
increase. Here are a few trending positions that require AWS Specialization.

AWS Solutions Architects - professionals who design and deploy scalable, secure,
and reliable applications on the AWS platform.
AWS Cloud Engineers - responsible for implementing and managing cloud
infrastructure solutions on the AWS platform.
AWS DevOps Engineers - specialize in implementing and managing DevOps practices on
the AWS platform.
AWS Data Engineers - focus on designing and implementing data solutions on the AWS
platform.
AWS Security Specialists - specialize in securing AWS resources and infrastructure.

TOP OPPORTUNITIES IN CLOUD COMPUTING

CLOUD SECURITY
MULTI CLOUD
AWS QUIZ

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps to create an AWS instance?
ANS: Launch instance -> Select instance type -> Configure security groups -> Review
and launch

Which of the following is required to create an AWS instance? An AWS account

Which of the following is an example of an AWS instance type? t2.micro

What is the purpose of an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) when creating an AWS instance?
ANS: It provides the operating system and pre-installed software for the instance

SOFTWARE ENGINEER QUIZ

Engineering (in general) is defined as: "The application of ____ & ____ principles
along with ____ to the design and creation of things."
ANS: mathematical / scientific / experimentation

Software engineers create things that: are not as physically tangible as other
engineers

Software engineers create their own worlds powered by computer systems. Which of
the following is NOT a common responsibility of a software engineers?
ANS:
Market and sell new code to end users

What is an algorithm? a step-by-step set of instructions for how a certain problem

should be solved

According to Statista, worldwide mobile app revenue is expected to show an annual

growth rate of about ____ between 2022 and 2027, resulting in a projected market
volume of US$755.50 billion by 2027. ANS: 9%

Low-code and no-code tools for app development are: On the rise

The ALX SWE program lasts ____ and requires full-time(+) study, as much as 80 hours
per week. 1 YEAR

A typical day for a software engineer often starts with a _____. ANS: STAND-UP
MEETING

You should NOT become a software engineer if: You need to be social and want to
talk to people a lot

When you want to start your program, you click: RUN

Computers are really good at doing the same thing over and over again, using: CODNG
LOOP

A loop uses instructions, with the command: Repeat until goal

"If it looks like rain, we'll grab an umbrella." Is an example of a: condition

If you want your character to turn right whenever it's standing on sand, you would
use a: CONDITIONAL IF COMMAND

If standing on sea lantern, turn right

If standing on red coral, turn left