Reinforced Concrete Design

Analysis and Design of One Way Concrete Slab

By: Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

University Of Basrah
Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department

E-Mail: [email protected]

LOGO
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Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

The Type Of Slab

1-One-way slabs 2- Two-way floor systems 3-Flat slab 4- Waffle slab 5- Ribbed Slab

1m 1m

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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

2. One Way Slab:

1m 1m

Ribbed Slab

Waffle Slab
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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

One way Slab Deflection

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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

2. Two Way Slab:

<

Two way Slab Deflection

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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Design of One way slab

While for continuous span the Moment at mid and support should be calculated
according to method of structures analysis. To find the Critical section the live
should arrange to the spans in different position to get the envelope of bending
moment Diagram as shown below:

Loading Cases

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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Bending moment envelopes for the critical section when the WL/WD> 0.75

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 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Bending moment for the critical section when the WL/WD < 0.75
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Thank You

………….To be Continued
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

ACI Code Coefficient Methods ( ACI Item 6.5)

1. Members are prismatic.
2. Load are uniform ally distributed.
3. Live Load ≤ 3 × 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
4. There are at least two span.
5. The longer of the two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more than 20
Percent ( L ≤ 1.2 S)

𝑀𝑢 = (𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 ) (𝑊𝑢 𝑆𝑛2) = 𝐶𝑓 𝑊𝑢 𝑆𝑛2

Sn =clear span.
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Two Span
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Design Limitations of ACI Code.

Design Limitations of ACI Code.
1- minimum depth of Slab ( h) when Fy=420 Mpa for solid one way slab should
follow the ACI item 7.3.1.1 for normal concrete only

Support condition Minimum Thickness (h)

Simply Supported L/20

One End Continuous L/24

Both End Continuous L/28

Cantilever L/10

For fy other than 420 MPa, these values shall be multiplied by (0.4 + fy/700)
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

2- Deflection is to be checked when the slab supports are attached to construction likely to be damaged
by large deflections. Deflection limits are set by the ACI Code, Table 24.2.2.
3- It is preferable to choose slab depth to the nearest 10 mm.
4. Shear should be checked, although it does not usually control.
5-Concrete cover in slabs shall not be less than (20 mm) at surfaces not exposed to weather
or ground for bar dia. 36 mm and less, while concrete cover not less than 40 mm for bar greater than
36 mm in dia. ACI table 20.6.13.1
6-In structural one way slabs of uniform thickness, the minimum amount of reinforcement ( As min. in
the direction of the span shall not be less than that required for shrinkage and temperature
reinforcement (ACI Code, Sections 7.6.1 and 24.4.3).
7. The main reinforcement maximum spacing shall be the lesser of three times the slab
thickness ( 3 * h) and 450 mm . (ACI Code, Section 7.7.2.3).
8- In addition to main reinforcement, steel bars at right angles to the main must be provided. this
additional steel is called secondary, distribution, shrinkage, or temperature reinforcement.
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement .

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛: ACI 2019 24.4.3.2

𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

Max spacing of reinforcement should be greater than

1. 5 ∗ ℎ ( ℎ = 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠)
2. 450 𝑚𝑚

Choose the smaller of above value

The width of slab strip= 1000 mm

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌 min× 𝑏 × ℎ= 0.0018 × 𝑏 × ℎ minimum shrinkage and temperature steel
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Reinforcement Details

In continuous one-way slabs, the steel area of the main reinforcement is calculated for all
critical sections, at midspans, and at supports. There is two reinforcement system can be applied
1- Straight-bar.
2-Bent-bar, or trussed system.
straight and bent bars are placed alternately in the floor slab.
The location of bent points should be checked for flexural, shear, and development length
requirements.
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example (1):calculate the design moment of one way solid slab that has a total depth of
h=180 mm and is reinforced with 16 mm diameter bar spaced s =150 mm, used fc =21 MPa ,
fy = 420 MPa
𝑆𝑜𝑙.
∅
d=h−concrte cover (20) −
2
16
𝑑 = 180 − 20 − = 152𝑚𝑚
2
𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 As/m 1000
Ab
As/m=1000 ×
S Ab S
Ab= 201 mm ( Ab for bar diameter = 16 mm)
2

𝐴𝑏
As/m=1000 × =1000 × 201/150 =1340 mm2
𝑠
Check As min= ρ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 𝑏 × ℎ = 0.0018 × 1000 × 180 = 270 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 420
𝑚= = = 23.53
0.85𝑓 𝑐 0.85 × 21
𝜷1 600 𝑑𝑡 0.85 600
claculate 𝜌 = = 1 = 0.02127
𝑚 600 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 23.53 600 + 420
𝑓𝑦 420
0.003 + 0.003 +
and calculate 𝜌 = 𝐸𝑠 𝜌 = 200000 × 0.02127 = 0.01355
0.008 0.008
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌 × b × d = 0.01355 × 1000 × 152 = 2059mm2
As/m= 270 mm2 < As /m=1340 mm2 < Asmax=2059 mm2
Tension Control ∅ = 0.9
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

-Section Capacity 𝑀𝑢

𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
1340 × 420
𝑎= = 31.5 𝑚𝑚
0.85 × 21 × 1000
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 0.8 𝐴𝑠 × 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2
31.5
= 0.9 × 1370 × 420 × 152 −
2
= 69 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
Or
𝑀𝑢 =  𝑅𝑏𝑑2
𝑅 =  𝑓𝑦 1 − 0.5  𝑚
𝐴𝑠
= = 0.00882
𝑏𝑑
𝑅 = 0.00882 × 420 × 1 − 0.5 × 0.00882 × 23.53
= 3.32
𝑀𝑢 =  𝑅𝑏𝑑2 = 0.9 × 3.32 × 1000 × 1522
𝑀𝑢 = 69 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 /𝑚
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example (2):Determine the allowable uniform live load of example (1) that can be applied on the simply
supported slab with span 4.9 m and carries a uniform dead load ( excluding self weight) of 4.8 KN/m2 .

𝑆𝑜𝑙.
𝑀𝑛 = 69 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚 ( 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 (1))
𝑤𝑢 × 𝐿 2
𝑀𝑢 =  𝑀𝑛 =
8
𝑊𝑢 × 4.92
69 = ∴ 𝑊𝑢 = 23 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
8
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷. 𝐿 + 1.6 𝐿. 𝐿

Self weight of slab = ℎ . 𝑏. 1. 𝛾𝑐 = 0.18 × 1 × 1 × 24 = 4.32 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2

23 = 1.2 × (4.32 + 4.8) + 1.6 × 𝑊𝐿

𝑊𝐿 = 7.54 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example (3): Design a 3.65 m simply supported slab to carry a uniform dead load ( excluding self weight )
of 5.75 KN/m2 and a uniform Live load of 4.8 KN/m2 , normal concrete , fc =21 Mpa, fy= 420 Mpa.

Sol.
 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝐿 3650
ℎ= = = 182.5 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝐶𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 7.3.1.1)
20 20
𝑈𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 190 𝑚𝑚
 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷𝐿 + 1.6 𝑊𝐿
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.19 × 1 × 1 × 24 = 4.56 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × ( 4.56 + 5.75) + 1.6 × 4.8 = 20.05 𝐾𝑁/𝑚/𝑚
𝐹𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝐿2 3.652
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑤𝑢 = 20.05 × = 33.39𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
8 8
 12
𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − = 190 − 20 − = 164 𝑚𝑚 (𝑢𝑠𝑒  = 12 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑏 = 113 𝑚2)
2 2
𝑓𝑦
𝑚= = 23.53
0.85𝑓′𝑐
𝑀𝑢 =  𝑅𝑏𝑑2
𝑀𝑢
𝑅= 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 , 𝑢𝑠𝑒  = 0.9
 𝑏𝑑2
33.39 × 106
𝑅= = 1.379
0.9 × 1000 × 1642
22
 1 2𝑚𝑅
𝜌= 1− 1−
𝑚 𝑓𝑦

1 2 × 23.53 × 1.379𝑅
𝜌= 1− 1− = 0.00342
23.53 420
𝐴𝑠/𝑚 = . 𝑏. 𝑑 = 0.00342 × 1000 × 164 = 561 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚

𝐴𝑠 min. = 0.0018 × 𝑏 × ℎ = 0.0018 × 1000 × 190 = 342 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚

𝜷1 600 𝑑𝑡 0.85 600

𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝜌𝑏 = = 1 = 0.02127
𝑚 600 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 23.53 600 + 420
𝑓𝑦 420
0.003 + 0.003 +
and calculate 𝜌 = 𝐸𝑠 𝜌 = 200000 × 0.02127 = 0.01355
0.008 0.008

𝐴𝑠 max. = 0.01355 × 1000 × 164 = 2222 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚 > 𝐴𝑠/𝑚 = 561 𝑚𝑚2 ( 𝑂𝐾)

113
𝐴𝑏 = 113 𝑚𝑚2 𝑆 = 1000 × = 201 𝑚𝑚
561

 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 3 × ℎ𝑓 = 3 × 190 = 570 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 450 𝑚𝑚

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆 = 190 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Secondary steel ( shrinkage and temperature reinforcement)

min = 0.0018
𝐴𝑠 min = 0.0018 × 𝑏 × ℎ = 00.0018 × 190 × 1000 = 342 𝑚𝑚2
𝐼𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑒  10𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑏 = 78 𝑚𝑚2
1000 × 78
𝑆 = = 228 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚 < 5 × ℎ𝑓 = 5 × 190 = 950 𝑚𝑚 < 450 𝑚𝑚 (𝑂𝐾)
342
𝑈𝑠𝑒 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑡 220 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐

𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑊𝑢 × 𝐿
𝑉𝑢 = = 20.05 × 3.65 = 36.59 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2
The critical section at d distance from the face of support
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑤𝑢 × 𝑑
= 35.59 − 20.05 × 0.164 = 33.3 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
 𝑉𝑐 =  × (0.17 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏. 𝑑) = 0.75 × 0.17 × 21 × 1000 × 164 = 95.82 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

𝑉𝑢𝑑 <  𝑉𝑐 ( 𝑂𝐾)

Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Thank You

……………..
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example
For Design Floor system One Way Slab
……………..
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example (4): Design the one way slab system shown in fig below , subjected to the superimposed
dead load 2 KN/m2 and live load 3 KN / m2 assume normal concrete , f′c =21 Mpa, and fy= 280 Mpa.
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

𝑆𝑜𝑙.

 Minimum Slab thickness, ( assume one end continuous) and 𝐹𝑦 = 280 𝑀𝑝𝑎
ℎ = 𝐿/24 = 4000/24 = 166.6 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝐶𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 7.3.1.1)
𝑈𝑠𝑒 ℎ = 170 𝑚𝑚
𝑢𝑠𝑒  = 12 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑏 = 113 𝑚2
 12
𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − = 170 − 20 − = 144 𝑚𝑚
2 2

 𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 𝐷𝐿 + 1.6 𝑊𝐿
Self weight of slab = 0.17 × 1 × 1 × 24 = 4.08 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × ( 4.08 + 2) + 1.6 × 3 = 12.1 𝐾𝑁/𝑚/𝑚
𝑓𝑦 280
𝑚= = = 15.69
0.85𝑓 𝑐 0.85 × 25
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
−𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
1 1
1 − 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = − × 12.1 × 3.652 = 6.72 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
24 24
1 1
2 − 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = +𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = × 12.1 × 3.652 = 11.51 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
14 14
1 1
3 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = − × 12.1 × 3.652 = 16.12 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
10 10
−𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
1 1
1 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = − × 12.1 × 3.652 = 14.65 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
11 11
1 1
2 − 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = +𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = × 12.1 × 3.652 = 10.08 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
16 16
1 1
3 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −𝑀 = − 𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2 = − × 12.1 × 3.652 = 14.65 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
11 11
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

External Span Internal Span

No. Details -M +M - M -M +M
Exterior supp. Mid Span Interior supp. Exterior supp. Exterior supp.
1 Mu * 106 ( N.mm) 6.72 11.51 16.12 14.65 10.08

2 b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

3 d (mm) 144 144 144 144 144

4 R=Mu/(φbd2) 0.36 0.617 0.863 0.785 0.54

5 ρ=1/m(1-(1-√1-2mR/fy) 0.001299 0.002243 0.00316 0.001959

6 As =ρ.b.d (mm2) 187 323 456 413 282

As min = ρ.b.h (mm2)

7 306 306 306 306 306
ρmin = 0.0018

8 As Provided ( choosed) 306 306 456 413 306

9 S= 1000*Ab/As ( mm) 369 369 247 273 369

Smax= 3*h=510
10 450 450 450 450 450
0r 450 mm
11 S ( choosed) 369 369 247 273 369
Used Spacing S
12 360 360 240 270 360
(use φ12 mm )
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Due to 𝑓𝑦 = 280 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴𝐶𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑒 24.4.3.2)

min = 0.0018
As shrinkage and Temperature = min× b × h = 0.018 × 1000 × 170 = 306 mm2/m
Use  10 mm ( Ab = 78 mm2)
1000 × 78
S= = 229 mm
288
Check Maximum spacing for shrinkage and temperature steel
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5 × ℎ = 5 × 170 = 850 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 450 < 𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑒  10 𝑚𝑚 220𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐
𝑆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5 × ℎ = 5 × 170 = 850 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 450 < 𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Check for Shear:

𝑊𝑢𝐿𝑛
𝑉𝑢 = 1.15
2
3.65
𝑉𝑢 = 1.15 × 12.1 × = 25.39 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2
𝑉𝑢, 𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑤𝑢 × 𝑑 = 25.39 − 12.1 × 0.144 = 23.65𝐾𝑁/𝑚
 𝑉𝑐 =  × (0.17 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏. 𝑑) = 0.75 × 0.17 × 21 × 1000 × 144 = 84.12 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

𝑉𝑢𝑑 <  𝑉𝑐 ( 𝑂𝐾 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟. )

Reinforcement Details
1- Bent Bar
A-Additional steel at exterior support ( -M)
If we assume that 50% of positive steel will bent then:
As provided will be φ12 at 660 mm c/c
1000 × 113
𝐴𝑠/𝑚 = = 171 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚
660
As (required)/m =340 mm2/m
then As additional = 𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞. – 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 340 − 171 = 169 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚
1000 × 113
𝑆= = 668𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 12@660 𝑚𝑚 𝑐/𝑐
169
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

B-Additional steel at Interior support ( -M)

If we assume that 50% of positive steel will bent then:
As provided will be φ12 at 660 mm c/c from left side :
1000 × 113
𝐴𝑠/𝑚 = = 171 𝑚𝑚2/𝑚
660
So the Total As provided from both side = 2×171 = 342 mm2/m
As (required)/m =456 mm2/m
then As additional = As req. – As provided = 456-342=114 mm2/m
1000 × 113
𝑆= = 991𝑚𝑚
114
use = φ12@990 mm c/c
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Thank You

……………..
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Example (5): From previous Ex. (4) Design the interior beams shown in fig below , where the
slabs is subjected to the superimposed dead load 2 KN/m2 and live load 3 KN / m2 , normal
concrete , f′c =21 mPa, and fy= 280 mPa.

Sol.
1- Interior Beam

-Self weight of drop part of beam =?

Assume Wu ( self weight= 5 KN/m) (check Later)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6 𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 12.1𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏/𝑚
= 12.1 × 4 = 48.4𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑊𝑢 ( 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 ) = 1.2 × 5 + 48.4 = 54.4 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

-Calculate Moments ( Using ACI code coefficient)

 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

𝑀 = 𝐶𝑓 𝑊𝑢 𝑆𝑛2 𝑆𝑛 = 8.5 − 0.35 = 8.15𝑚

1
𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = − × 54.4 × 8.152 = 225.8 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
16
1
𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = × 54.4 × 8.152 = 258.1 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
14
1
𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = − × 54.4 × 8.152 = 401.49 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
9
𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
𝑓𝑦 280
𝑚= = = 15.69
0.85𝑓 𝑐 0.85 × 21
𝑏 = ( 𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒  = 0.5 max)
𝛽1 600 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜌 = =1
𝑚 600 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
0.85 600
= ×( ) = 0.03693
15.69 600 + 280
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 0.5  𝑏 = 0.01846
𝑅 =  𝑓𝑦(1 − 0.5  𝑚) = 0.01846 × 280 × (1 − 0.5 × 0.01846 × 15.69) = 4.42
𝑀𝑢 =  𝑅𝑏𝑑2
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

𝑀𝑢
𝑑2 = = 401.49 × 106/(0.9 × 4.42 × 350)
𝑅𝑏
𝑑 = 537 𝑚𝑚
ℎ = 537 + 90 = 627 𝑚𝑚 ( 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙)
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑏 × ℎ = 350 × 630 𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑊𝐷 = 1.2 𝑊𝑜 ( 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑊𝑡. )
𝑊𝐷 ( 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑡. ) = 1.2 × 0.35 × (0.63 − 0.17) = 4.64 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑆𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑊𝑢 = 48.4 + 4.64 = 53.04𝐾𝑁/𝑚
Check The ACI code requirement for Minimum Depth of Beam ( deflection Control) ACI Table 9.3.1.1
Simply supported = L/16
One end Continuous = L/18.5
Both end Continuous =L/21
Cantilever =L/8
If fy not equal 420 MPa then h min. shall be multiplied by factor =( 0.4+fy/700) for normal concrete
-And if we use lightweight concrete ( (14.4 to 18.4 KN/m3) the above value of h shall be
multiplied with greater of :
1- 1.65-0.0003γc (γc= concrete unit weight)
2- 1.09
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

In this example the span is one end continuous

𝐿 8500
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 460 𝑚𝑚
18.5 18.5
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 420 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑆𝑜 𝑓 = (0.4 + 280/700) = 0.8
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 ℎ min. = 0.8 × 460 = 368 𝑚𝑚 < ℎ 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 630 𝑚𝑚.

Note: The moment should be corrected according to the modified Wu

 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Beams and Column Moment Calculation

- By using substitute frame method ( Moment distribution method)
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Calculate The stiffness of members at each node

𝐸𝐼
𝐾=
𝐿
When use the same concrete properties for whole structure E will be same and constant for all members then :
𝐼
𝐾=
𝐿
K = stiffness of member ( mm3)
I = moment of Inertia ( mm4)
L = length of member ( mm)

𝑏ℎ3 350 × 6303

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠 𝐼𝑏 = = = 72.93 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12 12
𝐼 72.93 × 106
𝐾= = = 858 × 103
𝐿 8500
3503
𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 350 × = 12.505 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
𝐼𝑐 12.505 × 106
𝐾𝑐 = = = 390.8 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
ℎ𝑐 3200
12.505 × 106
𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝐾𝑐 = = 312.6 × 103 𝑚𝑚3
4000

Distributed factor (DF) or

 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

858 × 103
Relative stiffness for beams at B = = 0.355
390.5 × 103 + 312.6 × 103 + 2 × 858 × 103

858 × 103
Relative stiffness for beams at A&C = = 0.55
390.5 × 103 + 312.6 × 103 + 858 × 103
𝑊𝑢𝐿2 8.52
Fixed end Moment = = 53.04 × = 319.35 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
12 12
3×4
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑊𝐿/𝑊𝐷 < = 0.43 < 0.75
(4.08 + 2) × 4 + 3.864
No need to Use the loading case for Envelope

0.55 0.355 0.355 0.55

+319.35 -319.35 +319.35 -319.34

-175.64 0 0 +175.64

0 -87.82 +87.82 0

+143.71 -407.17 +407.17 -143.71

203.94 203.94

𝑤𝑢𝐿2 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 53.04 × 8.52 143.71 + 407.17

𝑀 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = – = – = 203.94 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 2 8 2
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

𝑤𝑢𝐿 𝑀2 − 𝑀1
𝑅𝑐 = 𝑅𝑎 = −
2 𝐿
53.04 × 8.5 407.17 − 143.71
= − = 194.42 𝐾𝑁
2 8.5
𝑊𝑢𝐿 𝑀2 − 𝑀1
𝑅𝑏1 = 𝑅𝑏2 = +
2 𝐿
= 225.42 + 30.99 = 256.43 𝐾𝑁
𝑤𝑢 × 𝑥 350
𝑉𝑢 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑅𝑎 − = 194.42 − 53.04 × 0.175 = 185.14𝐾𝑁 (𝑥 = = 0.175)
2 2
𝑤𝑢 × 𝑥
𝑉𝑢 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐵 = 𝑅𝑏 − = 256.43 − 53.04 × 0.175 = 247.15 𝐾𝑁
2
53.04 × 0.1752
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐴 = 194.42 × 0.175 – 143.71 − = 110.5 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2
53.04 × 0.1752
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐵 = 256.43 × 0.175 – 407.17 − = 363.11 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2

𝑇𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∶

𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑋
194.42 × 8.5
𝑋= = 3.66 𝑚
194.42 + 256.43
𝑤𝑢 × 𝑥2
𝑀𝑢 = 0 = 𝑅𝑎 × 𝑥 − 143.71 − = 194.42𝑥 − 143.71 − 53.04𝑥2/2
2
𝑥 = 0.83 𝑚
3.662
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 max 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑎 × 𝑥 − 143.71 − 53.04 × = 212.62 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2
Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Dimension in mm
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Dimension in mm
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Design of interior Beam ( B2) ( using ACI Coefficient Methods)

-Negative Moment
1 − 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 ( −𝑀 = 220.2𝐾𝑁. 𝑚)
220.2 × 106
𝑅 = 𝑀𝑢/(  𝑏𝑑 )2 𝑅= = 2.19
0.9 × 350 × 5652
𝑚 = 15.69

= ×(1− 1− )

1 15.69 1.4
= × 1− 1 − 2 × 2.19 × = 0.008371 > min. = = 0.005
15.69 280 𝑓𝑦

𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑑 = 0.008371 × 350 × 565 = 1655 𝑚𝑚2

𝑈𝑠𝑒 4  25 𝑚𝑚 = 1964 𝑚𝑚2
( 𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 6  20 = 1884 𝑚𝑚2 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑏 − 116 − 2𝑑𝑠
𝑛= +1
𝐷+𝑆
350 − 116 − 20
= + 1 = 4.3 𝐵𝑎𝑟 ( 𝑂𝐾)
25 + 25
2 − 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 ( −𝑀 = 391.4𝐾𝑁. 𝑚)
𝑀𝑢
𝑅=
 𝑏𝑑2
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑 = 630 − 90 = 540 𝑚𝑚
391.4 × 106
𝑅= = 4.26
0.9 × 350 × 5402
𝑚 = 15.69
1 2𝑚𝑅
= × 1− 1−
𝑚 𝑓𝑦

1 15.69 1.4
= × 1− 1 − 2 × 4.26 × = 0.01766 > min. = = 0.005
15.69 280 𝑓𝑦

𝐴𝑠 = 𝑏𝑑 = 0.01766 × 350 × 540 = 3337 𝑚𝑚2

𝑈𝑠𝑒 8  25 𝑚𝑚 = 3928 𝑚𝑚2 ( 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟)
( 𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 4  25 + 4  22 = 3484𝑚𝑚2 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 )
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
b − 116 − 2ds
n= +1
D+S
350 − 116 − 20
= + 1 = 5.25 𝐵𝑎𝑟 ( 𝑂𝐾)
25 + 25
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Check for maximum steel ratio

𝜷𝟏
calculate 𝝆𝒃 =
𝒎

.
and calculate 𝜌 = 𝜌
.

𝑑 = 540 𝑚𝑚 , 𝑑𝑡 = 565 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 0.85/15.69 × ( 600/(600 + 280)) × (565/540) = 0.03865
280
0.003 +
𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 200000 × 𝑏 = 0.55 × 𝑏 = 0.02126
0.008

𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02126 >  = 0.01766 > 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005 (𝑂𝐾)

 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

P𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ( 𝑀 = 251.6𝐾𝑁. 𝑚)

𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑇 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 −−− − 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒
1 − 𝑏𝑒 = 16𝑡 + 𝑏𝑤 = 16 × 170 + 350 = 3070𝑚𝑚
𝐿 8500
2 − 𝑏𝑒 = = = 2125 𝑚𝑚
4 4
3 − 𝑏𝑒 = 𝑆 = 4000 𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒 = 2125 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 𝑎 = ℎ = 170 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢
𝑅=
 𝑏𝑑2
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑑 = 630 − 90 = 540 𝑚𝑚
𝑅 = 251.6 × 106/( 0.9 × 2125 × 5402) = 0.45
𝑚 = 15.69
1 2𝑚𝑅
= × 1− 1−
𝑚 𝑓𝑦

1 15.69 1.4
= × 1− 1 − 2 × 0.45 × = 0.001632 < min. = = 0.005
15.69 280 𝑓𝑦

𝐴𝑠 = min 𝑏𝑑 = 0.005 × 350 × 540 = 945 𝑚𝑚2

𝑎 = . 𝑚. 𝑑 = 0.005 × 15.69 × 540 = 42.8 𝑚𝑚 < 170 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

(
𝑈𝑠𝑒 2 25 𝑚𝑚 = 982𝑚𝑚2 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟)
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

2
 Prof. Dr. Haleem K. Hussain

Thank You

………….To be Continued