PRAYER - So class please stand and let us pray (Amen)

ATTENDANCE - So who is absent today? (None sir). So if none that's good that you have a perfect
attendance.

GREETINGS - So how are you class? (Good, sad, happy). So that's nice to hear that class. So are you ready
to our new lesson for today? (Yes sir)

MOTIVATION - So class I have here a picture and all you have to do is to observe what you can see in the
picture (Present the first page of the ppt) okay class I will give you 3 mins to observe what you can see in
the picture. (Wait for 3 mins)

So what do you observe in the picture? (Ask one student)

Have you ever heard about any volcanoes in the philippines?

What do you think happens during the volcanic eruption?

Why do you think some volcanoes are active while others are not?

ACTIVITY

So class before we proceed to our discussion for today let us have a activity first. I will group you into
two groups. I have here some pictures and a chart and all you have to do is to examine and discuss
among yourself to identify what type of volcano you can see at the picture. I will give you five minutes to
do your task.

(Give them the activity sheets)

So ok class please attached your work here in front and i need one volunteer in each group to present
your works.

So we will begin at the group one.

Ok very good group one so now let's proceed to the group 2.

Ok very good group 2 excellence!

EXPLAIN

So someone can just our topic for today ( volcano) so ok our topic for today is all about the volcano so
who can define volcano?

(READS THE DEFINITION)

WHAT IS VOLCANO?
  A volcano is a rupture in the Earth's crust where molten rock, gases, and ash are
expelled from beneath the surface. It is formed when there is a buildup of pressure in
the Earth's mantle, causing the magma to rise towards the surface. When this magma
reaches the surface, it erupts as lava, ash, and other volcanic materials. Volcanoes can
be found on land or beneath the ocean and can range from small, gentle mounds to
large, explosive mountains. They are often associated with tectonic plate boundaries,
where the Earth's crust is either converging, diverging, or sliding past each other.
Volcanoes are a powerful force of nature and can have significant impacts on the
environment and human settlements.

So our volcano in the philippines has eight types so first we have the active volcano, potentially active
volcano and the extinct volcano. First we will discuss the active volcano.

You can read what is active volcano? anyone? (Reads the definition)

ACTIVE VOLCANOES

 Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted recently or are expected to erupt in the
future. These volcanoes are characterized by their capability to release lava, gases, and ash
during eruptions.
Take note that most of active volcanoes can found in the Pacific Ocean there for it was called as
Pacific ring of fire, Philippines is also located in the ring of fire so that's why some of the volcano
here is active.
Understanding and monitoring active volcanoes is crucial for early warning systems, risk
assessments, and evacuation planning to minimize the impacts of volcanic activity on human
lives and infrastructure.

So now who among you can give me some examples of active volcano? (Student will give some
volcanoes)

EXAMPLE:

> 1. Mayon Volcano: Situated in Albay province, Mayon is known for its near-perfect cone shape. It has
had numerous eruptions throughout history, with the most recent one occurring in 2018. Real-life
situations involving Mayon include ashfalls affecting nearby towns, evacuations of residents, and
damage to crops and infrastructure.

> 2. Taal Volcano: Located in Batangas province, Taal is one of the world's smallest active volcanoes, but
also one of the most dangerous due to its location in a lake. The most recent eruption in 2020 led to
massive ashfall, evacuations, and disruption of air travel and maritime activities.

So second we have the potentially active volcano. So who can you read what is the potentially active
volcano?
POTENTIALLY ACTIVE VOLCANO

 Most dangerous types of volcanoes are Potentially active types as no one can predict when
eruption will take place and they became active. Potentially active volcanoes are those types of
volcanoes which are not erupting for a long time but there is a possibility of eruption in the
future.

So now who among you can give me some examples of active volcano? (Student will give some
volcanoes)

EXAMPLE:

> Mount Apo is the highest mountain in the Philippines, standing at approximately 9,692 feet (2,954
meters) above sea level. It is located in Mindanao and is considered an active stratovolcano.

> Tilinis is a dormant volcano located in the province of Albay in the Philippines. It is known for its
perfect cone shape, similar to the more famous Mount Mayon in the same region.

Last we have the extinct volcano who wants to read the extinct volcano?

EXTINCT VOLCANO

 An extinct volcano is a volcano that is not currently active and has no possibility of erupting
again in the future. These are usually characterized by significant geological and morphological
changes over time, indicating that the volcano is no longer capable of erupting.
It's important to note that while considered extinct, these volcanoes should still be monitored
for potential signs of reawakening or volcanic activity, as the classification of a volcano as extinct
can sometimes change due to new scientific discoveries and processes.

So what are the some example of extinct volcano?

EXAMPLE:

> Mount Iraya is a dormant stratovolcano in Batan Island, part of the province of Batanes in the
northernmost region of the Philippines. It is known for its picturesque landscape and is often
surrounded by fog, creating a mystical atmosphere.

ADVANTAGES

1. Fertile soil is one of the advantages of volcanoes because volcanic eruptions release minerals and
nutrients into the surrounding areas. The soil near from the volt is rich of nutrients. Volcanic eruptions
release minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen into the soil. The release of minerals
through volcanic eruptions enriches the soil, making it highly fertile and suitable for agriculture. This
fertility allows for the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, creating opportunities for sustained food
production and economic growth in volcanic regions.
Overall, the fertility of soil resulting from volcanic activity can greatly benefit agriculture, allowing for
increased food production and the development of thriving ecosystems in volcanic regions.

2. Geothermal energy is one of the advantages of volcanoes due to their proximity to hot magma
underground. The intense heat generated by volcanic activity can be harnessed and utilized to generate
electricity or heat buildings. This renewable energy source is considered advantageous for several
reasons. First is Sustainability: Geothermal energy is a renewable source, as the heat produced by the
magma is continuously generated within the Earth's core. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and
depleting, the heat from volcanoes can be utilized for an extended period.

Reliability: Geothermal energy is reliable and independent of external factors such as weather
conditions or fuel availability. It can provide a consistent and stable source of power 24/7, ensuring a
reliable energy supply.

Low environmental impact: Compared to fossil fuel power plants, geothermal energy production has a
relatively low carbon footprint. It produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions and does not contribute
significantly to air pollution or acid rain. Geothermal plants also occupy a small land footprint compared
to other forms of renewable energy.

Cost-effectiveness: While the initial installation costs for geothermal power plants can be high, the long-
term operational costs are relatively low. Geothermal energy has a long lifespan, requiring minimal
maintenance once the plant is set up. This can make it cost-effective in the long run.

Versatility: Geothermal energy can be utilized for various purposes. In addition to electricity generation,
it can be used for heating and cooling applications in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
Geothermal heat pumps can harness the stable temperatures below the Earth's surface to provide
heating in winter and cooling in summer.

Overall, geothermal energy derived from volcanoes offers a renewable, reliable, environmentally
friendly, and versatile energy source that can contribute to sustainable development and a reduced
reliance on fossil fuels.

3. Tourism and recreation are considered advantages of volcanoes for several reasons first natural
beauty and scenic landscapes: Volcanoes often create stunning landscapes that are attractive to tourists.
The dramatic shapes, colors, and features of volcanic formations can be visually appealing, providing
unique opportunities for photography, sightseeing, and exploration.

Hiking and adventure activities: Volcanic regions often offer abundant hiking trails and adventure
activities such as volcano climbing, trekking, and exploration of lava fields. These activities tend to
attract adventure seekers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Volcano tourism and educational tours: Many tourists are intrigued by the opportunity to learn about
the science, history, and cultural significance of volcanoes. Guided tours and visitor centers often offer
educational opportunities to understand the geological processes, volcanic formations, and local
communities living near volcanoes. This educates people about volcanoes and their impact on the
surrounding environment.

4. One of the several reasons why Formation of landforms can be the Advantage of volcano because it is
unique. Volcanoes create stunning and distinctive landscapes that are attractive to tourists. The
towering peaks, crater lakes, lava fields, and rugged terrains provide a picturesque backdrop for hiking,
climbing, and photography.

DISADVANTAGE:

1. Distraction and loss of life are indeed significant disadvantages associated with volcanoes. we have to
consider the evacuation challenges: When a volcano becomes active or shows signs of an imminent
eruption, it creates an urgent need for evacuation in nearby areas. The process of evacuating people,
especially those living in remote or mountainous regions, can be challenging due to limited
infrastructure and communication networks. This can lead to delays or difficulties in getting people to
safety, endangering their lives.

Ash fall hazards: Volcanic ash can be carried by winds over large distances, covering vast areas with
layers of fine particles. Ash fall can disrupt transportation systems, damage infrastructure, and
contaminate water sources. Breathing in volcanic ash particles can cause respiratory issues, especially
for vulnerable individuals such as young children or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions. In
severe cases, ash fall can result in casualties, particularly if people are exposed for an extended period
without adequate protection.

Inhaling the silica dust caused by the volcano can be harmful to us. Because it can cause the condition
what you called pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis that means it is a condition caused by
inhaling silica dust came from volcano.

Overall, the distraction caused by the need for evacuation and the potential loss of life due to the
various hazards associated with volcanoes make them significant disadvantages for human populations
residing in volcanic regions.

2. Air pollution is one of the main disadvantages of volcanoes because they release various harmful
gases and particles into the atmosphere. These pollutants can have significant health hazards for both
humans and the environment. The Toxic gases from the Volcanic eruptions release gases such as sulfur
dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen chloride (HCl). These gases
can cause respiratory problems, irritation in the eyes, nose, and throat, and can also damage lung
tissues. In extreme cases, they can even lead to suffocation or acute toxic effects, particularly for people
with pre-existing respiratory conditions.

While volcanic eruptions are natural occurrences, the release of pollutants and its associated health
hazards make air pollution a significant disadvantage that volcanoes bring forth. It becomes crucial to
monitor, mitigate, and protect affected populations during volcanic events to minimize the potential
health risks.

3. Economic impact can be one of the disadvantage of volcano because of Destruction of infrastructure:
Volcanic eruptions can cause significant damage to roads, buildings, and other infrastructure, leading to
costly repairs and rebuilding efforts. This can disrupt transportation networks and hinder economic
activities in the affected region.

Loss of livelihoods: Volcano eruptions can displace communities and force people to abandon their
homes and livelihoods. This can lead to unemployment and loss of income for individuals and
communities, further exacerbating economic hardships.

Decline in business activities: During and after a volcano eruption, businesses may experience a decline
in sales and revenue due to reduced consumer spending, disrupted supply chains, and limited access to
markets. This can have a long-lasting impact on the local economy and the overall business
environment.

Overall, the economic impact of a volcano eruption can be significant and can have long-term
consequences for the affected region's economy, industries, and individuals' livelihoods.

4. Volcanic hazards can be considered a disadvantage of volcanoes because they pose significant risks to
human life, property, and the environment. Like the Ashfall, Volcanic eruptions can release ash into the
atmosphere, which can be carried by the wind over large distances. Ashfall from volcanic eruptions can
disrupt air travel, damage crops, contaminate water sources, and cause respiratory problems for
humans and animals.

Lahars: Volcanic eruptions can melt ice and snow on the slopes of the volcano, leading to the formation
of lahars. These are fast-moving mudflows or debris flows that can bury whole villages, destroy
infrastructure, and cause significant loss of life.q

Overall, volcanic hazards can be a significant disadvantage of volcanoes as they pose immediate threats
to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. However, it is important to note that volcanic
activity also leads to the creation of fertile soil, geothermal energy production, and the formation of new
land, which can be beneficial in the long run.

QUESTION AND ANSWER.

Who can give me the three types of volcanoes?

What is the examples of active volcano?

What is the example of potentially active volcano?

What is the example of extinct volcano?

ACTIVITY

EVALUATION

So for your reflection who can read the paragraph in our presentation? (Student reads the instructions.)

If you're done, pass your papers here in front.

ASSIGNMENT

(One student will read the assignment)

Thank you class be safe and God bless.