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Critical Analysis Of Concept Of Desha In Ayurved Classics

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 International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.12, No. 1, (2021), pp. 1171–1178

Critical Analysis Of Concept Of Desha In Ayurved Classics

Dr. Kiran Rana1, Dr. Sonesh Utkar2, Dr. Satej Banne3, Dr. Rekha Parmar4, Dr. Anjana. J5, Dr. Pooja
Modh6

1
Final Year PG Scholar, Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul University,
Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
2
Associate Professor, Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul University,
Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
3
Associate Professor, Ph.D., Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul
University, Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
4
Professor & HOD, Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul University,
Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
5
Assistant Professor, Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul University,
Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
6
Assistant Professor, Department Of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Parul Institute Of Ayurveda, Parul University,
Limda, Waghodia , Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
Abstract
The Modernization Of Person In This Period Of Globalization Is The Question Of Thought. Today The
Cutting Edge Specialized Devices, Media, Transportation And So On Are So Exceptionally Fostered That
It Has Made Far Off Places Come Nearer. Alongside The Upsides Of These Devices There Are Various
Inconveniences For Man Himself. He Is Carrying On With Such A Way Of Life, Has Embraced Some
Food-Propensities And So On Which Are Not Appropriate To His Place Of Birth And Living. Every One
Of These Issues Lead To Psychosomatic Problems And In This Condition He Needs To Counsel The
Doctor. These Conditions Can Be Stayed Away From If The Appropriate Routine Like Dincharya,
Ritucharya, Aahar Vidhi And So Forth Are Followed Suitably Which Have Been Supported By Our
Incredible Sages. In Ayurveda The Patient Is Treated With Most Extreme Consideration And Consideration
In Light Of Keeping About The Patient's Prakruti, Desha, Kala And So On Alongside The Topographical
Beginning Of Patient, The Beginning Of Medication Is Additionally Given Due Consideration. It Is
Additionally Seen That The Medications Which Are Gathered From Appropriate Geological Region And In
Legitimate Environment Have Full Intensity. So Here A True Endeavor Has Been Made To Set Up And
Demonstrate The Idea By Surveying The Between Connection Of Geological Space Of The Medication
And Its Pharmacognostic Study And Phyto-Compound Investigation.
Keywords: Desha, Region, Jangala, Anupa, Sadharan, Samhita.

INTRODUCTION:

The Word 'Desha' Is Defined As That Which Indicates Or Directs The ParticularThing Or Substances
Mainly A Geographical Area Or Place.

TYPES:
Sage Charaka Has Mentioned Three Types Of Desha1

1. Jangala Desha (Dry Climatic Area)

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2. Anupa Desha (Wet Climatic Area)
3. Sadharana Desha (Mixed Climatic Area)

Acahrya Sushrutha, Also, Has Mentioned Three Types Of Desha2

1. Anupa Desha (Wet Climatic Area)

2. Jangala Desha (Dry Climatic Area)
3. Sadharan Desha (Mixed Climatic Area)
ANUPA DESHA LAKSHANA:CHARAKA
SAMHITA3:
Aacharya Charaka Has Mentioned The Characters Of Anupa Desha As Below-
1) Anupa Desha Is Having Dense Forest Of Trees Like Hintal, Tamala, Narikela,Kadali.
2) This Area Will Have Rivers And Sea At The Borders.
3) The Cold Breeze Blows Here And In This Area The Bank Of River Will Have PlantsLike
Vanjula And Vanira.
4) This Area Will Be Beautified By Surrounding Mountains Which Are Covered WithPlants
And Creepers.
5) The Forest Will Blow With Slow Breeze And Most Of The Areas Will Have DenseForest
And Flowering Creepers.
6) The Area Will Be Covered Of Green And Soft Trees.
7) The Trees Located Here Echo With The Sound Made By Birds Like Hamsa, Cakravaka,
Balaka, Nandimukha, Pundarika, Kadamba, Madgu, Bhringaraj, Shatpatra And Kokila.
8) Individuals Living In This Type Of Area Will Have Delicate Body Structure And They Are
Having Vata-Kapha Phenotype.

B) SUSHRUTA SAMHITA4, 5:
Acharya Sushruta Has Described The Characters Of Anupa Desha As:
1) Anupa Desha Will Have Plenty Of Water.
2) The Surface Of Earth Is Uneven And Rivers As Well As Rainfall Are Abundant.
3) The Breeze Is Soft And Cold.
4) The Area Will Have More And Big Mountain And Trees.
5) The Physic Of People Is Tender And Generally Suffers From Kapha-Vatika
Disorders.

JANGALA DESHA LAKSHANA6:

A) CHARAKA SAMHITA:
The Jangala Desha Is Characterized By Acharya Charaka As Below:

1) The Sky Will Be Clear.

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2) The Forest Will Have Trees Like Kadar, Khadira, Asana, Ashwakarna, Dhava, Tinisha,
Shallaki, Sala, Somavalkala, Badar, Tinduka, Ashwattha, Vata, Aamlaki And Mostly Shami,
Kakubha And Shimshapa Trees.
3) The Branches Of Trees Looks Like Dancing Due To The Force Of Continuous Dry Wind.
4) The Sand Will Be Thin, Rough And Hard And Gives Rise To Mirages.
5) The Birds Like Lava, Tittira And Chakora Graze In This Area.
6) The People Inhabiting Here Will Have More Of Vata And Pitta As Well As Sturdy And
Strong Body.

B) SUSHRUTA SAMHITA7:
Acharya Sushruta Has Mentioned The Following Characters Of JangalaDesha:
1) The Sky Is Open And Land Is Even.
2) The Trees Of This Area Are Thorny.
3) Usually The Rainfall, Forest And Water Is Less In This Area.
4) The Wind Is Hot In Nature.
5) The People Living In This Area Are Sturdy And Lean And Prone To Vata-Pittaja
Disorders.
SADHARAN DESHA LAKSHANA:

A) CHARAKA SAMHITA7:
According To Acharya Charaka, The Characteristic Features Of SadharanDesha Are As
Follows:
1) This Region Has The Creepers, Vanaspati, Vanaspatya, Birds And Animals
Mentioned In Above Both The Regions I.E. Jangala And Anupa Desha.
2) The People Of This Region Will Be Sturdy, Tender, Endowed With Strength,
Complexion And Compactness And Will Have General Qualities.
B) SUSHRUTA SAMHITA8, 9:
The Characters Of Sadharan Desha As Per Acharya Sushruta Are AsFollows:

The Region Or Area Having Mixed Features Of Jangala And Anupa Desha IsCalled As
Sadharan Desha.
Acharya Sushruta Has Also Mentioned Five Types Of Bhoomi9:

1) PARTHIVA BHOOMI:
The Soil Is Having Heavy Stones, Grayish Or Blackish In Color And Covered WithThick Trees.
2) AAPYA BHOOMI:
The Soil Is Slimy, Cold And Having Water Inside. Covered With Grass And TheTrees Are
Soft And Color Of Soil Is Whitish.
3) AGNEYA BHOOMI:
The Soil Is Having Different Colors And It Is Having Light Stones, Covered WithThick
Trees.
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4) VAYVIYA BHOOMI:
This Type Of Soil Is Dry And Having Ashy Or Dusky Color. The Trees Are Thin, Dry,Hollow
And Having Less Taste.
5) AKASHIYA BHOOMI:
This Type Of Soil Will Be Soft, Even, Having Burrows And Undefined Taste. The Trees Are
Immaterial And Having Big Mountains And Trees And Are Black In Color.
MODERN CONCEPT OF DESHA (AGRO CLIMATIC ZONE)
Agro-Climatic Zones Of Karnataka:
Based On The Soil Type, Rainfall, Topography And Climatic State Of KarnatakaState Is
Divided In Ten Different Agro Climatic Zone-32ds4zfradrew2

Name Of The Zone Name Of District

1. North-Eastern
Bidar And Gulbarga
Transition Zone
2. North-Eastern
Gulbarga, Yadgir And Raichur
Dry Zone
3. Northern Dry Koppal, Gadag, Dharwad, Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot,
Zone Bellary, Davangere, Raichur
4. Central Dry Zone Chitradurga, Davangere, Tumkur, Chickmanglur, Hassan
Bangalore Rural, Ramnagar,Bangalore Urban, Kolar,
5. Eastern Dry Zone
Chikkaballapur, Tumkur
6. Sothern Dry Zone Mysore, Chamrajnagar, Mandya, Tumkur, Hassan
7. Southern
Transition Zone Hassan, Chikmanglur, Shimoga, Mysore, Davangere

8. Northern
Belgaum,Dharwad,Haveri,Gadag
Transition Zone
U.Kannada,Belgaum,Dharwad,Haveri,Shimoga,Chikmanglur,
9. Hilly Zone
Kodagu,Hassan
10. Coastal Zone Udupi,D.Kannada,U.Kannada

SOIL10
The Properties Of Soil Of Any Agro Climatic Zone Depends On The Rock Stones Out Of
Which It Is Originated, Climate, Surface Of Land And Duration. Due To All This Reason There Are
Different Verities Of Soil Is Available. Their Structure, Component, Color, Fertility Are Also Having
Great Different. Based On These Differences The Soil Is Divided In Eight Groups-

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1. ALLUVIAL SOILS:
Properties: This Is By Far The Largest And Most Important Soil Group Of India Contributing
The Largest Share Around 15 Lakh Sq.Km. To Its Agricultural Wealth.
This Type Of Soil Includes Riverine Alluvium, Coastal Alluvial Soils And Deltic Alluviam,
Formed By Transportation In Streams And Rivers And Is Deposited In Flood Plains Or Along Coastal
Belts; Generally At Nine Hundred Miters Depth.
The Riverine Alluvium Is Again Divided In Two Verities-

1. Older Alluvium Soil Or Bangar- This Soil Is Present At North West, Northern And North
East India. It Is Expended In Punjab, Haryana, Rajsthan, Uttarpradesh, Bihar, West Bengal
And Aasam, Such Type Of Soil Is Suitable For The CultivationOf Rice And Sugar Cane.
2. 2. New Alluvium Soil Are Khadar- This Soil Is Most Fertile Soil Among The World. It Is
Available Near The Rivers Where The Flood Occurs Every Year.
2. BLACK SOILS:
Properties: This Type Of Soil Is Black Or Brownish In Color Hence It Is Called Black Soil. Black
Soil Is Made Out Of Deccan Trap Basalt, Rajmahal Trap And Nees And Granite Rocks Of Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh And Tamil Nadu. Its Expansion Is Around One- Forth Of India That Is 24.32% Of
Total Land. This Soil Contains Montrmorilonite Mineral Which Is Having Moisture Retaining
Properties. It Is Divided Into Four Verities:
1. Deep Black Soil- This Soil Is Available In Maharasthra Near Tapti Pune Valley, Wardha
Valley And Nagpur Region. Other Than This It Is Also Available At Bhima, Godawari,
Penganga And Krishna Valley, Western Parts Of Madhya Pradesh At Narmada Valley, In
Andhra Pradesh At Northern Telangana Hills, Some Parts Of Gujarat Near Surat, Bhadoch
And Vadodara, And Some Parts Of Tamil Nadu In Kaveri Valley.
2. Medium Black Soil- This Soil Is Mostly Expanded In Malwa And Nimar Region Of Madhya
Pradesh, Eastern Part Of Gujarat And Some Part Of Maharasthra, Karnataka And Andhra
Pradesh. This Soil Is Also Having Moisture Retaining Properties Hence Used For The
Cultivation Of Wheat, Cotton And Jawar.
3. Shallow Black Soil- This Soil In Available Only In Maharasthra And Due To Moisture It Is
Good For Cultivation Of Gram, Wheat, Cotton And Jawar.
4. Mixed Red And Black Soil- This Soil Is Made Out Of Rocks. It Is Expanded Up To
Dharwad, Belgaum, Raichur, Bijapur Districts Of Karnataka And Coimbatore District Of
Tamil Nadu. In Madhya Pradesh It Is Available In Bundelkanda And Baghelkhanda Region.
The Fertility Of This Type Of Soil Is Medium To Less.
3. RED SOILS:
Properties: The Color Of The Red Soil Is Due To The Iron. This Soil Is Expanded Over
29.28% Area Of Land. The Soil Is Generally Poor In Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Humus. This Soil Is
Having Less Moisture Reserving Capacity Due To The Sand Mixing. SoThey Yield Good Amount Of
Crop Even In Less Rainfall And Less Irrigation.
The Red Soil Is Divided In To Three Verities:

1. Red Loamy Soils- This Type Of Red Soils Are More Fertile In Nature And Found Near The
Rivers Having Rocks At Their Bank. It Is Expanded In Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Southeastern Maharashtra, Goa, Central Andhra Pradesh, Most Of Karnataka And North
Kerala. This Type Of Soil Is Also Present In Beerbhumi District Of West Bengal, Mirjapur
Of Uttarpradesh, Sondhbadra, Jhansi, Lalitpur And Hamirpur Districts, South Aasam,

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 Nagaland, Manipur And Arunachal Pradesh.
2. Red Sandy Gravelly Soils- This Type Of Soils Is Present At Jharkahand, Maharasthra And
Madhya Pradesh And Some Part Of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu And Andhra Pradesh. This Is
Made Out Of Locally Present Red Granite Rocks. This Is Found In Deep Sloppy And High
Altitude Uneven Areas. It Is Less Fertile Due To The Lack Of Nutrient In It.
3. Red Yellow Soils- This Type Of Soil Is Expanded In Orissa, Chattisgarh And Eastern
Rajsthan. This Is Also Less Fertile In Nature.
4. LATERITE SOILS:
Properties: Laterites And Lateritic Soils. Laterite A Formation Peculiar To India And Some
Other Tropical Countries, With An Intermittently Moist Climate Due To The Lack Of Silica. It
Becomes More Hard In Dry Season. In India 4.3% Area Is Having Laterite Soil. Laterites Are
Formed Near The Earth Surface Occurring Mostly Below The Soil. They May Either Be Denuded By
Erosion, Or Covered By Thick Forests With The Tree Roots Penetrating Several Meters Deep Inside
The Laterite. Color Is Highly Variable, Mostly Reddish, Reddish Brown And Yellowish Brown.
Mineralogically Composed Mainly Of Gibbsite, Goethite, Hematite, Maghematite, Kaolinite And
Quartz. These Kaolinites May Be Interstratified With Smectites. By And Large, Oxidic Minerals And
Kaolinitic Dominate. Smectites May Also Occur. As Relicts Of The Parent Rock Anatase, Titamite,
Tourmaline May Be Present As Accessory Minerals. All These Soils Are Acidic.
This Type Of Soil Is Found Mainly At The Hills Of Karnataka, Kerala, The Eastern Ghat
Regions Of Orissa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamilnadu , Andhra Pradesh And Assam.

5. FOREST SOILS
Properties: This Type Of Soil Is Originated In The Forest Hence The Nutrients Are More In This
Soils. These Soils Are Mainly Found At Hilly Region Of Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
West Bengal, Aasam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sahyadri And Eastern Ghat And Higher Altitude Of
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Jharkahand, Tripura And Tamil Nadu.

6. DESERT SOILS
Properties: This Type Of Soil Is Available At Western Dry And Semi Dry Region. The Desert
Sand Is Composed Of Quartz But Feldspar And Hornblende Grains Also Occur With A Fair
Proportion Of Calcareous Grains.
It Is Found In West Rajasthan, Kacch Part Of Gujarat, Southern Punjab, Lying Between Indus River
And Aravalli Range Covering 1.5lacs Sq.Km. Part Approximately.

7. SALINE AND ALKALINE SOIL

Properties: This Soil Is Having Lack Of Alkaline And Zypsum. This Is Found Near Coastal
Regions, Midnapur And Chobis Pargana Of West Bengal, Balasor, Katak And Puri District Of Orissa,
Kacch Region Of Gujarat, Delta Of Narmada, Tapti, Mahi And Sabarmati Rivers. This Is More
Useful For The Cultivation Of Coconut Tree.

8. PEAT SOIL
Properties: Peat Soil Is Found In Moist Areas. It Is Having More Amount Of Minerals. It Is
Expanded Upto 150 Sq.Km. In Kerala Near Ernakulam And In Bihar At Kosi Region. It Is Useful For
The Cultivation Of Rice After Rainy Season.

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 Rainfall Pattern Of India In Different Agro Climatic Zone:
As India Falls In The Monsoon Climatic Region. Rainfall Is The Backbone Of Indian
Agriculture And Economic Activities. The Key Features Of Indian Monsoon As Well As Its
Distribution Pattern.
Features Of Rainfall In India-
Rainfall In India Mainly Occurs In The Months Of July, August And September.
The Indian Rains Are Chiefly Orographic In Nature. As A Result, The Regions Situated OnThe
Windward Side Receive Greater Rainfall Than The Regions Located On The Leeward Side. Only A
Scant Amount Of Rainfall Is Received From Cyclones And Convectional Rainfall.
Monsoon In India Is Irregular, Not Well Distributed And Unpredictable. While There AreFloods In
Some Regions, The Other Regions Face Drought.
Most Parts Of The India Do Not Receive Rainfall During The Winter Season. Some Areas
Which Receive Rainfall During The Winters Are –
Central And Northern Parts Of India Get Occasional Rainfall During Winter.
Weak Temperature Cyclones Lead To Rainfall In Delhi, Haryana, Punjab And WesternUttar
Pradesh. This Rainfall Benefits The Rabi Crops.
Northeastern Areas Of The Country Also Receive Winter Rainfall.
In October And November, Northeast Monsoon Receives Heavy Moisture While Blowing Over
The Bay Of Bengal And Cause Enormous Rainfall Over The Coast Of Tamil Nadu And The
Southern Tip Of Andhra Pradesh.
Distribution Of Rainfall In India:
A) Regions Receiving Hefty Rainfall (More Than 200 Cm)-
Slopes Of The Western Ghats And The Western Coastal Plains.
Meghalaya Hills (Garo, Khasi And Jaintia), The Southern Slopes Of The Eastern Himalayas,
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh And West Bengal.
B) Regions Receiving Moderate Rainfall (100-200 Cm)-
The Southern Part Of Tamil Nadu And The Northern Parts Of Andhra Pradesh.
Middle Ganges Valley, Some Parts Of The Western Ghats, Eastern Maharashtra, MadhyaPradesh
And Odisha.
C) Regions Receiving Low Rainfall (50-100 Cm)-
Parts Of The Deccan Plateau Consisting Of The Regions Of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh AndTamil
Nadu. Eastern Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana And Kashmir.

D) Regions Receiving Scanty Rainfall (5o Cm And Less)

Northern Parts Of Kashmir, Southern Punjab And Western Rajasthan. The Rain Shadow Regions Of
The Western Ghats Lying In The Deccan Plateau.
Conclusion:
Jangala Desha Is For The Most Part Useful For Wellbeing And Illnesses Perspective Than Anupa Desha.
With The End Goal Of Treatment Desha/Disha Additionally Incorporates Both The Geological And
Substantial Area Of The Illness Concerned. Concerning The Treatment Of Sickness, Researchers Of
Ayurveda Have Coordinated To Utilize Ahara (Diet) And Vihara (Way Of Life) Ausadh (Drug) Restricting
To Desha. So This Idea Of Desha/Land/Region/Place/Topographical Region Is Vital And Ought To Be

1177
 Remembered While Arranging A Treatment Of Patient/Research Task And Outlining The Strategies As Well.
Acknowledgement: I Am Using This Opportunity To Express My Gratitude To Dr. Rekha Parmar HOD,
Department Of Dravyaguna, Parul Institute Of Ayurved, Parul University For Their Aspiring Guidance,
Invaluably Constructive Criticism And Advice During The Study. It Would Not Have Been Possible Without
The Kind Support And Help Of Dr. Hemant Toshikhane, Dean, Faculty Of Ayurved, Parul University. I
Would Like To Extend My Sincere Thanks To All Of Them. My Sincere Thanks And Appreciations Also Go
To My Colleagues In Developing The Article & People Who Have Willingly Helped Us Out With Their
Abilities.
Conflict Of Interest: We Declare That We Have No Conflict Of Interest.

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