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Safety Measures in the Laboratory ! Chapter : Safety Measures in

Laboratory
Chapter : Self-protection equipment
Form 4 Science
1.1 Personal Protective Equipment
Related notes
Emergency Help
1. Personal Protective Equipment on a student:
Techniques of Measuring the Parameters of
Body Health
Green Technology for Environmental
Sustainability
Equipment Function
Genetics

Protect the eyes from hazardous chemical Support, Movement and Growth
Goggles
substances Body Coordination

Protects the nose and mouth from inhaling Elements and Substances

Face mask pungent and volatile chemical substances Chemicals in Industry

and dust Chemicals in Industry and Health
Force and Motion
Protect hands from hazardous chemical
Gloves
substances
" Report this note

Lab coat Protects clothing from damage

Protect the feet from chemical substance

Safety shoes
spills and glass splinters

2. Personal Protective Equipment in the laboratory:

Equipment Function

Used to avoid contamination when microbiological

Laminar flow cabinet
activities are carried out
Used to carry out experiments that use substances
Fume chamber that are volatile, flammable, poisonous, corrosive
or pungent
Used to immediately clean and rinse parts of the
Safety shower body or clothing that have come into contact with
chemical substances
Used to immediately rinse and wash the eye that
Eyewash station
has come into contact with chemical substances

1.2 Disposal of Waste

1. Waste substances can be divided into 2 types:

Can be thrown into the sink

The substance with a pH value between 5 to 9

Solution with low concentration
Examples
Neutral substances
Weak acids
Weak alkalis

Cannot be thrown into the sink

Solid waste
The substance with a pH value less than 5 or more than 9
Organic solvent
Toxic substance
Heavy metal
Organic waste
Examples;
Acid
Grease
Oil
Oil paint
Hydrogen peroxide
Microbes
Carcasses
Radioactive waste
Volatile substances
Reactive substances

2. Way to dispose of toxic chemical substances

Treat the waste before dispose

Store in a closed container and labelled it

3. Standard operating procedure (SOP) for biological waste disposal

Examples SOP

A: Sharp waste
Place the wastes in sharps waste bins before
Syringe needles
disposed
Glass slides
Glass pipettes

B: Non-sharp waste
Place the waste into biohazard plastic bags
Used tissue Wastes collected must be autoclaved before
Cotton wools being disposed
Gloves

C: Carcasses, organs or tissues of

organisms Wrap the wastes in tissue paper and put
them into biohazard plastic bags
Animal carcasses
Waste collected must be autoclaved before
Animal tissues
being disposed
Plant tissues
Biological specimens

D: Bodily fluid waste Waste is decontaminated in autoclave

machines
Blood Dispose of wastes directly into the sewage
Saliva system through the laboratory sinks or
Serum toilets

4. Steps to Handle Accidents in the Laboratory

1. Inform the teacher or laboratory assistance

2. Make the spill area a restricted area
Accidents of chemical 3. Prevent the spillage from spreading using sand
substances spillage 4. Scoop the spilled chemical substances
5. Throw away safety

1. Inform the teacher or laboratory assistance

2. Make the spill area a restricted area
Accidents of a mercury spill 3. Pour sulphur to cover the spill
4. Inform the fire department

* Mercury is toxic

It can attack the nervous system, digestive tract, reproductory system and kidneys.

1.3 Fire Extinguishers

1. There are 4 types of fire extinguishers:

Type Label Type of Fire

Water Red Solid substances (A)

Solid substances (A)

Liquid (B)
Foam Cream or white
Gas (C)

Electric (E)
Carbon dioxide Black Gas (C)

Dry powder Blue All types of fire

2. Type of fire and fire extinguishers that are suitable for use

Type of Fire Fire Type of fire extinguishers

Fires that involve flammable

Water
solids (except metals) such as
Foam
Class A cloth, wood, paper, fabric, rubber,
Dry powder
rubbish and any flammable
material
Foam
Fires that involve liquids such as
Dry powder
Class B petrol, kerosene, diesel, paint and
Carbon dioxide
varnish

Dry powder
Fires that involve gases such as
Class C Carbon dioxide
LPG, LNG and oxygen

Fires that involve metals such as

Dry powder
Class D magnesium, aluminium, sodium
and potassium
Dry powder
Fires that involve electrical
Class E Carbon dioxide
appliances

Dry powder
Class F Fires that involve fats and oils Carbon dioxide

3. Other fire extinguishers:

Equipments Functions

Can be used for all type of fire except fire

caused by metal or gas that will not allow
the explosion
Not harmful to human and animal
ABC fire extinguishers Does not pollute the soil
Easy to maintain (at least once a year)
Moisture produced lasts longer, thus
preventing the fire from spreading again.

Made of two layers of glass fibres

Able to extinguish small or moderate fires
that are difficult to extinguish with water
Fire blanket
Extinguishes fire on the victim when it is
wrapped around him

4. Ways to use fire extinguishers

i. Pull the safety pin

Aim the nozzle at the base of the

ii.
fire source

iii. Squeeze hard on the handle

iv. Spray from side to side

Sumber: Buku Teks Sains Tingkatan 4 KSSM

5. Carrying out an audit on fire extinguishers at school

Location of the fire extinguishers in the emergency route plan in the laboratory
classroom, canteen and other locations in the school
Types and numbers of fire extinguishers
Expiry date and other information in the Rescue and Fire Department certificate
attached to the fire extinguishers

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