Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 16 views

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    brwaslah1
    This document discusses an experiment to validate Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible fluid flow through a tapered duct. The experiment measures pressure, velocity, and total head at different points along the duct to test the relationship described by Bernoulli's equation that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant. The objectives are to investigate the validity of applying Bernoulli's equation to steady water flow. In conclusion, the experiment examines the fundamental role of hydrostatic pressure in fluid mechanics and its various scientific and engineering applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    brwaslah1
    16 views6 pages
    This document discusses an experiment to validate Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible fluid flow through a tapered duct. The experiment measures pressure, velocity, and total head at different points along the duct to test the relationship described by Bernoulli's equation that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant. The objectives are to investigate the validity of applying Bernoulli's equation to steady water flow. In conclusion, the experiment examines the fundamental role of hydrostatic pressure in fluid mechanics and its various scientific and engineering applications.

    Original Title

    lab 2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses an experiment to validate Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible fluid flow through a tapered duct. The experiment measures pressure, velocity, and total head at different points along the duct to test the relationship described by Bernoulli's equation that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant. The objectives are to investigate the validity of applying Bernoulli's equation to steady water flow. In conclusion, the experiment examines the fundamental role of hydrostatic pressure in fluid mechanics and its various scientific and engineering applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views6 pages

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    brwaslah1
    This document discusses an experiment to validate Bernoulli's equation for steady, incompressible fluid flow through a tapered duct. The experiment measures pressure, velocity, and total head at different points along the duct to test the relationship described by Bernoulli's equation that the sum of pressure, velocity, and elevation terms remains constant. The objectives are to investigate the validity of applying Bernoulli's equation to steady water flow. In conclusion, the experiment examines the fundamental role of hydrostatic pressure in fluid mechanics and its various scientific and engineering applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific

    Research Sulaimani Polytechnic University


    College of Technical Engineering
    Department of Petroleum & Energy

    Center of pressure on
    submrged plane surface

    Prepared by: Supervisor by:


    Brwa Slah. Mr.Tozher

    1
    Introduction

    Energy presents in the form of pressure, velocity, and elevation.


    in fluids with no energy exchange due to viscous dissipation, heat
    transfer. , or shaft work (pump or some other device). The
    relationship among. these three forms of energy was first stated by
    Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782), based upon the conservation of energy
    principle. Bernoulli’s theorem pertaining to a flow streamline is based
    on three assumptions: steady flow, incompressible fluid, and no losses
    from the fluid friction. The validity of Bernoulli’s equation will be
    examined in this experiment.

    2
    .

    Theory
    Bernoulli’s theorem assumes that the flow is frictionless, steady, and
    incompressible. These assumptions are also based on the laws of
    conservation of mass and energy. Thus, the input mass and energy
    for a given control volume are equal to the output mass and
    energy. :These two laws and the definition of work and pressure are the
    basis for Bernoulli’s theorem and can be expressed as follows for any
    two points located on the same streamline in the flow:

    where:
    P: pressure,
    g: acceleration due to gravity,
    v: fluid velocity, and
    z: vertical elevation of the fluid.
    In this experiment, since the duct is horizontal, the difference in height
    can be disregarded, i.e., z1=z2
    The hydrostatic pressure (P) along the flow is measured by manometers
    tapped into the duct. The pressure head (h), thus, is calculated
    as:Therefore, Bernoulli’s equation for the test section can be written.
    asin which is called the velocity head (hd).The total head (ht) may be
    measured by the traversing hypodermic probe. This probe is inserted
    into the duct with its end-hole facing the flow so that the flow becomes
    stagnant locally at this end; thus: The conservation of energy or the
    Bernoulli’s equation can be expressed as:The flow velocity is measured
    by collecting a volume of the fluid (V) over a time period (t). The flow
    rate is calculated as:The velocity of flow at any section of the duct with
    a cross-sectional area of is determined as:For an incompressible fluid,
    conservation of mass through the test section should be also satisfied
    (Equation 1a), i.e.:
    3
    . Discussion
    Hydrostatic pressure plays a fundamental role in various
    scientific and practical contexts. In fluid mechanics, it's a key
    concept for understanding the behavior of liquids at rest. The
    pressure at any point in a fluid column is directly proportional.
    to the depth of that point below the surface. This principle.
    is crucial in explaining phenomena like why objects float or sink
    in fluids, as well as in designing and understanding hydraulic
    systems. Additionally, hydrostatic pressure has applications in
    medical fields, like blood pressure measurement, where it.
    reflects the force exerted by. blood against vessel walls. In
    summary, the discussion around hydrostatic pressure spans.
    physics, engineering, and biology, illustrating its significance in
    diverse areas of science and technology.

    4
    Figure

    5
    Objective

    The objective of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the


    Bernoulli equation when it is applied to a steady flow of water through.
    a tapered duct.

    Conclusion:
    Hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a fluid due to
    the.weight of the fluid above a given point. In conclusion, it.
    plays a crucial role in various scientific and engineering
    applications,such as in fluid dynamics, hydraulics, and
    understanding atmospheric pressure changes.

    You might also like