re 2.3 Collecting like terms qY 411 Marcus is trying to complete this algebraic pyramid. _ . (don't think there is enough information to be able to fill n all Is Marcus correct? Explain your answer. Copy the pyramid and fill in as many blocks as you can. q 12. This is the method Giovanna uses to simplify the expression ua ab a. To work out 3*4+52, 1 need to use a common denominator of 12, 3a_ 3x3a 90 y, 9, Sa_ tha yo 3xh 12° 92 12 12° Tea now wnite TH i uo sinpleat form as te 6 2 Critique Giovanna’s method. Is it easy to follow? Do you think this is the best method to use to answer this type of question or can you improve the method? Discuss your answers with a partner. ; bh Simplify these expressions. Write your answers in their simplest form. 4 5a iz de _ Sy hago We Wi Animproper 13 iplify these expressions. —_ is = writ ante raction where Write your answers in ther simplest form and as an improper Hiab ey larger than the denominator.2 Expressi ind equations > 2.4 Expanding brackets brackets expand ‘Some algebraic expressions include brackets. ‘To expand a term with brackets, you multiply each term inside the brackets by the term outside the brackets. Expanding a term with brackets is sometimes called ‘expanding the brackets’ or ‘multiplying out the brackets’. (n+ 3) means: 4x(n+3), but you usually weite an expression like this without the *. Expand the brackets. a A(n+3) b A%x-5) ¢ 32g+h-7) Answer a Mn t3)=4xn+4x3 Multiply the 4 by the then multiply the 4 hy the 3 = dnt 12 Simplify the 4 11 to 4n and simplify the 43 to 12. Add the two terms together. b xe S)=2ex- 2x5 ‘There is a minus sign before the 5, =2x-10 ‘50 you need to take away the 10 from the 2x. € HQgth—N=3x2g+3xh- 3x7 The first term is 3% 2g, which ts the same a, 32g, which simplifies to 6g. = 6g+3h=21 ‘There are three terms. You need to add the first two terms and then subtract the third term, Exercise 2.4 4 Copy and complete the following. Expand the brackets first. a Axt9)s2xx+2x9 b 3%y-)=3xy-3xl =2%1 1] =3-O T+ p)=4xT44xp d =()+2.4 Expanding brackets e Su and Li compare the methods they use to expand 6(x-+4). Su uses a multiplication box like this: Li uses multiplication arcs like this: fo fia aot So6Gc 4) w6x 4.24 So 6(x 14) = 6x 1 2h Write down the advantages and disadvantages of Su’s method. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of Li’s method. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of the method used in Question 1 Which method do you think is best for expanding brackets correctly? Explain why. aooe Expand the brackets. a xy+6) b 4(w+2) © S(z+5) d 36-1) e@ 6d-9) f 2%e-8) 9 62+f) ho 2+e) i 98+) i 62-x) k 21-y) | sp) Fxpand these brackets. Copy and complete the workings. a Ax+l=2x2wx+2xl b 5(3y-2)=5x3y-5x2 = 4x4 = ISy— © 12g +9p)=1x2g+7x 9p do 4(4q-11 +r) =4x4q—4x +4 xr -O+ -0-O-0 Muluply out the brackets. a 3(2x+1) b 4@y+s) © 5(2w+3) dd 6(42+7v+9) © 2Gb-4) ff 4@c~3) 9 OSd-1) hb &Ge-6+2f) 1 3a+2f) i 5Gb+4g) k 6c~7h) 1 95+3h- 48)TY 6 Mhisis part of Bethan’s homework. Bethan has made a mistake in ‘every answer. Explain what Bethan has done wrong. Work out the correct answers. Question Multiply out the brackets a 4x44) b 2(6x — 3) © 3(2- 5x) d 6(2—x) Solution a UC 4h) uv 48 b 2(6x — 3) = 12-3 ¢ 32-5x)=6+15N dd 6(2—x) =12-6x=6N TY 7 Arun looks at these four expressions. - 2(12x +15) 3(10-+ 8x) When | expand the i all the same. Is Arun correct? Explain your answer and show your working, = == [brackets in all of these (Gx +26) 6(5 4x) | expressions, the answers ore2.4 Expanding brackote 9 The diagram shows a rectangle. | mas ‘The width of the rectangle is 8m. sen | ‘The length of the rectangle is 3y-+4em, aT Write an expression, inits simplest form, for the: @ area of the rectangle b perimeter of the rectangle 10 In the triangle ABC, the angle at A is (4k — 7m)°. The angle at B is two times the size of the angle at A. Write an expression, in its simplest form, for the size of the in angle at B. a 41. This is how Rachel expands and simplifies the expression 52x44) = 5(2x+4) -12=5x2x+5x4— = 10x + 20-12 = 10x +8 Expand and simplify: a 4xt7-1 b Ter43)+5x | 1243Qx-3) Sinema OI can multiply out a bracket.> 2.5 Constructing and solving equations ‘To solve an equation, you need to find the value of the unknown letter. Consider the equation: XHO=IZ Subtract 5 from both sides of the equation: x+5-S=12-5 ‘You have found the solution to the equation: x=T Solve these equations and check your answers. a x-3=12 b 2y+4=16 Anewor 34351243 5 Check: 15 3=12 b w=16-4 2y=12 12 yo y=6 Check: 26+4= 12+4=16¥2.5 Constructing and solving equations Exercise 2.5 1 Copy and complete the workings to solve these equations, Check your answers are correct. a x+G-10 b x-6=10 c 2x=10 x+6-6=10-[_] x-6+6=104[ ] 2x _ 10 x= xO 2 xe 2 Solve each of these equations and check your answers, a b © do 7ix=19 e f 9 hh x-18=30 i an 12 i k 1 12=72 3 Dayita uses this method to solve an equation when the unknown is on the right-hand side of the equation. Solve the equation: ay+3 Write this as: yt3=12 Solve as normal: y+3-3=12-3 yad Lise Mayita’s method to solve these equations. a IS=yt3 b 9=y42 ¢ 1B=y-5 d %S=y-3 @ -M=ky # Ad=6y 4 Write an equation for each of the following. Then solve each equation to find the value of the unknown number. aI think of a number and add 3, The answer is 18. In part a, b I think of a number and subtract 4. The answer is 10, n+ ¢ I think of a number and multiply it by 4. The answer is 24. 5 Zara is considering the equation 4n= 24. a Write an ‘I think of a number’ statement for each of these equations. This equation ine ‘ could come from the ii ont statement: | think of a iit 8 number, multiply it by 4, ie (Be cain \ and the anawer ia 24, b Solve the equations in part a, Re2. Expressions, formulae and equations > qY 6 Thisis part of Steffan’s homework. Question Salve these equaticms a xX+7=-2 b X-6=-2 Soluton ax+7 b x-6=-2 easy x=-2-6 x=-5 xe-8 Mark Steffan’s homework. If he has made any mistakes, explain the mistakes and work out the correct answers. 7 Solve each of these equations and check your answers. b 4a+i=17 ¢ 34-2513 d 4=2-8 @ 14=3cH#2 8 Inpairs or groups, discuss how you could answer this question. ‘The total length of each set of bricks is shown. a Write an equation involving the lengths of the bricks. b Solve your equations to find the lengths of the bricks. ¢ Compare your equations and answers with those of other groups and discuss any differences, How could you improve your work?2.5 Constructing and solving equations 9 The diagrams show the lengths of the equal sides of these isosceles triangles. For on triangle: Write an equation. li. Solve your equation to find the value of p. 10 @ Write an equation for each of these situations, i Paul has some DVDs, He sells three of the DVDs. He has 26 DVDs left. ii Yaz has some books. She buys five more hanks She now has 1&8 books. iii On Monday, Nial goes for a bike ride. On Tuesday he rides twice as far as he did on Monday. On Tuesday he rides 48 km. iv _Jana’s age is three more than twice the age of Jin, Jana is 35 years old. b Solve your equations in part a to answer the following questions. i How many DVDs does Paul have to start with? ii How many books does Yaz have to start with? iii, How far does Nial ride on Monday? iv How old is Jin? Work in pairs for this activity. ‘On a piece of paper, write down four situations like the ones in Questivn 10. ‘Swap your paper with another pair of learners. Write down an equation for each of the situations you have been given. Solve each of the equations. Swap back your pieces of paper and mark each other's work. Discuss any mistakes that have been made. XY 11 Kenji has the following cards. He chooses one blue card, the red card and one yellow card to make an equation, ‘Which blue and yellow card should he choose to give him the equation with: a the largest solution for m? b the smallest solution for m? Explain your decisions and show that your answers are correct.Se}! 2 Expressions, formulae and equations. > Summary checklist IU Tear advan tages disadvantages In this unit so far, you have used a letter to represent an unknown number. inequality | You can also use a letter and an inequality to represent an inequality | ‘open Interval. symbols The inequality symbols used to represent open intervals are: iiecsn < meaning ‘fs less thant negative infinity > meaning ‘is greater than’. gear tenet ‘Example: The inequality x > 4 means that x can be any number greater rere ‘ian positive infinity. | The inequality y <7 means that y can be any number less than 7 Each inequality represents an open interval. In the first interval, x cannot be equal to 4. In the second interval, y cannot be equal to 7. ‘You can show an open inequality on a number line like this: aaa aa x>4 — ole ee oe e a ae ee ee ae The arrow pointing to the right shows that x can be any number above 4 and continues towards positive infinity, ee <7 SE EE You use an open m 45 6 7 8 9 0 circle for < and > inequalities. ‘The arrow pointing to the left shows that y can be any number below 7 and continues towards negative infinity,2.6 Inequalities a i Show the inequality x > 5 on a number line. i What is the smallest integer that x could be? Remember that an integer is List the integer values that could be, awhale nurebe b i Show the inequality y <2 on a number line, ii What is the largest integer that could be? iii List the integer values that y could be. Answer ai o— + __ You use an open citele for the > sign, and start the ine at the number 5. ‘The line goes to the right because i s greater than. ii 6 xis greater than 5, so 6 is the smallest number. i 6. 7.8, 9,10, You cannot list all of the integers because the list goes on forever, go list the first five and write *.." (called ellipses) to show that the list goes on forever. You use an open cirele for the < sign, and start the er Wa ee A i line at the number 2, The line goes to the left because it is less than, vis less than 2, so 1 is the largest number, You cannot list all of the integers because the list goes on forever, t the first five and wi ite...” to show that the list goes on forever, Exercise 2.6 1 Write in words what each of these inequalities means. The first one has been done for you. a x10 © ox<-4 doxo-4