3.1 Online Learning/Training

COVID-19 has resulted in shutting down training centers around the world to eliminate
the COVID-19 spread. As a result, training has changed dramatically, with the
emergence of distinctive e-training, where training is done remotely using a digital
platform.
3.1 Online Learning/Training
Clark and Mayer (2016) defined E-learning as instructions delivered through

digital devices with the intent of supporting learning in their research paper “E-learning
and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of
multimedia learning. E-learning or electronic learning which is also currently referred to
as online learning is a learning system by means of knowledge acquisition that occurs
through the use of technology and electronic media. Simply put, e-learning is defined as
"electronically activated learning". Online learning is carried out remotely where
students/trainees can access learning materials anytime and anywhere using an internet
connection (Albernathy : 2020)
Online learning represents 21st-century education when technology has become

an essential approach to ease the educational process. That is a condition where the
teaching and learning style has improved to be more modern. This rapid global
development has made online training even more popular. Moreover, in today's rapid
development of technology, online training has emerged as an alternative mode of
teaching and learning to traditional modes of teaching and learning. Trainees can
receive text, images, audio and video sources, and interpersonal interactions through
hyperlinks and online questions.
Online learning is also an excellent solution when trainers and trainees cannot
come to training centers. There are several reasons why online training is in great
demand and fame among the world community. Technology provides many features that
make it easy for users to send documents, video conferences, virtual discussions, etc.
The many conveniences provided in the form of features on each platform or application
intended to support learning, teaching, and course administration. Therefore, online
learning is becoming increasingly attractive to be applied in education in this era. Some
examples of features available in applications used for online learning are shared
teaching material or documents, discussion rooms, assignment rooms, assessments,
class books, chat rooms, and video calls (Britain & Liber : 2012)
3.1.1 Online Learning Platform
Learning Platform used in online learning or can be called a Learning

Management System (LMS). LMS can be defined as a web-based software platform that
provides an interactive online learning environment and automates the administration,
organization, delivery, and reporting of educational content and student outcomes.
Several models have been constructed to analyze and understand the factors
that influence the use of LMS.
0. Google Classroom: Google Class is an internet-based service application provided by
Google as an electronic learning system. To access google classroom, trainers and
trainees must use a google account (Martinez, et. al.: 2017).
a. Zoom meeting: Zoom is a cloud-based collaborative video conferencing service that
offers features such as online meetings, group messaging services, and secure session
recording (Archibald et. al.: 2019)
b. WhatsApp: WhatsApp is a free messenger application installed on various types of
gadgets such as iPhones and Android phones (Gon & Rawekar: 2017)
3.2 Face-to-Face Learning/Training
Face-to-face learning/training refers to the traditional, classroom-based method

of learning/training. This style of learning involves in-person sessions that is instructor-
led. The pace of learning is set by the trainer and trainees in this setting are passive
learners. Face-to-face learning/training is considered effective due to the benefits of live
interaction between the trainer and the group of trainees (LeviOlmstead).
Learners are held accountable for their own progress by attending specific
classes or training meetings, interacting with their fellow students, and by interacting in
real-time with their instructor.
Synthesis of Literature Review
2020. At the time of the pandemic, education, including trainings, dramatically changed, with the
distinctive rise of e-learning/training, whereby training is undertaken remotely and on digital
platforms. Being part of the corporate world where continuous learning is a must, we personally
experienced the two modes of training – face-to-face and online training. Having experienced
both, we were able to compare the two, to wit:
Barriers
Internet connection and equipment are the main barriers when it comes to online
training. Having an intermittent connection leads to dilemmas like loss of focus and lack of
understanding of the topic. There are times we’ve experienced entering the platform late or
being disconnected in the middle of the training due to intermittent connection or availability of
equipment. But with great connection and equipment online training is a piece of cake and very
advantageous having the comfort of your home or any place you’re at.
On the other hand, distance and travel time affect face-to-face training; as it
requires us more time of preparation including travel time. And same dilemma of being late
given the often excuse - the ‘traffic’, plus the transportation expenses. But compared to online,
F2F training makes us more focused and enables us to interact with other participants as well
as the hands-on experience.
Category of Learners
Age also builds comparison between the two. Generally speaking, trainees of the new
generation who have been introduced to modern technologies can easily adapt to online training
as they already know how to operate the different platforms (i.e. zoom, google classroom,
whatsApp, etc.) and most likely would prefer to learn online. While those who were not
introduced to modern technologies would rather prefer F2F for they would just sit, listen and
cooperate; and not to mention all, but most of them would have a hard time to navigate the
online platforms and would need quite some time to learn to do so.
Given these comparisons for the two modes of training, we believe both have pros and
cons depending on the trainee itself; for nothing is impossible/ difficult for a trainee who’s eager
to learn.

3.1 Online Learning/Training

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COVID-19 has resulted in shutting down training centers around the world to eliminate

3.1 Online Learning/Training

Clark and Mayer (2016) defined E-learning as instructions delivered through

Online learning represents 21st-century education when technology has become

3.1.1 Online Learning Platform

Learning Platform used in online learning or can be called a Learning

3.2 Face-to-Face Learning/Training

Face-to-face learning/training refers to the traditional, classroom-based method

Synthesis of Literature Review

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